From 54bc047c850fccd63285c1063dd5f0599c0abccd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?utf8?q?Uwe=20St=C3=B6hr?= Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 02:16:56 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] UserGuide.lyx: - finish Appendix A, the document is now ready except of Appendix B (description of the preferences dialog) - add hint about XeTeX - cleaned up index and cross-references - add description of clearpage git-svn-id: svn://svn.lyx.org/lyx/lyx-devel/trunk@19540 a592a061-630c-0410-9148-cb99ea01b6c8 --- lib/doc/UserGuide.lyx | 4838 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 3027 insertions(+), 1811 deletions(-) diff --git a/lib/doc/UserGuide.lyx b/lib/doc/UserGuide.lyx index b86dd25af2..d2ef6bcfb4 100644 --- a/lib/doc/UserGuide.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/UserGuide.lyx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -#LyX 1.5.2svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +#LyX 1.5.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ \lyxformat 276 \begin_document \begin_header @@ -6,18 +6,13 @@ \begin_preamble % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!! % -% I've designed this preamble to ensure that the User's Guide prints +% This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints % out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble, % parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you % have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact % the documentation team % email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org -% provides missing characters, -% see note in chapter 'Character Tables' -\usepackage{textcomp} -\usepackage{wasysym} - \usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle \ifpdf % if pdflatex is used @@ -55,7 +50,7 @@ \renewcommand\tableofcontents{% \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{} \myTOC - \clearpage + \cleardoublepage \pagenumbering{arabic} } \fi @@ -611,7 +606,7 @@ Template (see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:doc-classes" +reference "sec:Document-Classes" \end_inset @@ -1128,7 +1123,7 @@ Single click \begin_layout Section Basic Key Bindings \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec: key bindings" +name "sec:Key-Bindings" \end_inset @@ -1196,7 +1191,7 @@ description "Tabulator key" If you don't understand this, go read sections\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:parindentintro" +reference "sec:Par-indent-intro" \end_inset @@ -1575,7 +1570,7 @@ Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from LyX, and \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -The Various Document Classes +Document Classes \begin_inset LatexCommand index name "Document ! Classes" @@ -1583,7 +1578,7 @@ name "Document ! Classes" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:doc-classes" +name "sec:Document-Classes" \end_inset @@ -2507,7 +2502,7 @@ Separation of paragraphs is described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:parindentintro" +reference "sec:Par-indent-intro" \end_inset @@ -2717,7 +2712,7 @@ name "Paragraph ! Indentation" \begin_layout Subsection Introduction \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:parindentintro" +name "sec:Par-indent-intro" \end_inset @@ -3108,7 +3103,7 @@ Standard and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -3549,7 +3544,7 @@ reference "sec:toc" \begin_layout Subsubsection Changing the Numbering \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:numbering-depth" +name "sub:Numbering-depth" \end_inset @@ -3782,7 +3777,7 @@ Quotation \family default \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:quote" +name "sec:Quote" \end_inset @@ -4060,7 +4055,7 @@ You can nest lists of any type inside one another. you read all of section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -4081,7 +4076,7 @@ name "Lists ! Itemize" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:itemize" +name "sec:Itemize" \end_inset @@ -4146,7 +4141,7 @@ LyX always shows the same symbol on screen. See section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -4243,7 +4238,7 @@ Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth. in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -4263,7 +4258,7 @@ name "Lists ! Enumerate" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:enumerate" +name "sec:Enumerate" \end_inset @@ -4416,7 +4411,7 @@ Enumerate You should read section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -4436,7 +4431,7 @@ name "Lists ! Description" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:descrlist" +name "sec:Description-List" \end_inset @@ -4508,7 +4503,7 @@ Space , see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Protected-blanks" +reference "sub:Protected-Space" \end_inset @@ -4584,7 +4579,7 @@ name "Lists ! LyX list" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:lyxlist" +name "sec:LyX-List" \end_inset @@ -4775,7 +4770,7 @@ List Read section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -4916,7 +4911,7 @@ Address \begin_layout Subsubsection Usage \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:adress_usage" +name "sec:Address-Usage" \end_inset @@ -5215,7 +5210,7 @@ name "Bibliography" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:biblio_environment" +name "sub:Biblio_environment" \end_inset @@ -5532,7 +5527,7 @@ name "Nesting ! Environments" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:nest" +name "sec:Nesting" \end_inset @@ -6401,7 +6396,7 @@ inside \begin_layout Subsection Usage and General Features \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:nest-Usage" +name "sub:Nesting-Usage" \end_inset @@ -7812,7 +7807,7 @@ key "latexcompanion,latexguide" \begin_layout Subsection Vertical Space \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:vertspace" +name "sub:Vertical-Space" \end_inset @@ -8024,8 +8019,14 @@ this one is left aligned. \begin_layout Subsection Forced Pagebreaks +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Pagebreaks" + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:pagebreak" +name "sub:Forced-Pagebreaks" \end_inset @@ -8079,7 +8080,7 @@ pagebreak[number] status collapsed \begin_layout Standard -More about ERT is in section\InsetSpace ~ +For more about ERT see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref reference "sec:ERT" @@ -8134,8 +8135,65 @@ Floats . \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Clear Pagebreaks +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Clear-Pages" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Pagebreaks ! clear" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Differently to forced pagebreaks where the content behind the break is directly + placed at the next page, pages can also be cleared while breaking them. + That means that the current paragraph is terminated and all, perhaps not + yet processed floats from previous document parts are placed behind it, + if necessary by adding pages. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can insert a clear pagebreak with the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Clear\InsetSpace ~ +Page +\family default +. + When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Clear\InsetSpace ~ +Double\InsetSpace ~ +Page +\family default + to insert a clear pagebreak that assures that the next page is a right-hand + page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Forced Linebreaks +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Linebreaks" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Forced-Linebreaks" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -8193,7 +8251,7 @@ You shouldn't use forced linebreaks to correct LaTeX's linebreaking, as in a poem or for an address (see sections\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:quote" +reference "sec:Quote" \end_inset @@ -8205,7 +8263,7 @@ reference "sec:Verse" and \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:adress_usage" +reference "sec:Address-Usage" \end_inset @@ -8213,9 +8271,35 @@ reference "sec:adress_usage" \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Protected Blanks +Blanks / Spaces +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Spaces" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A blank is a blank? Not in good typography. + While you might be used to press the space key anytime you want to separate + two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers you more spaces: Spaces + of different width and spaces which can or cannot be broken at the end + of a line. + The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are + useful. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Inter-word Space \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Protected-blanks" +name "sub:Inter-word-Space" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Spaces ! inter-word" \end_inset @@ -8223,21 +8307,62 @@ name "sub:Protected-blanks" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The +Some languages (e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +g.\InsetSpace \space{} +English) have the typographical convention to add extra + space after an end-of-sentence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventio +ns (see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Abbreviations" + +\end_inset + +). + Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless. + In this case, insert one with +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Special\InsetSpace ~ +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Inter-word\InsetSpace ~ +Space +\family default + (shortcut \family sans -protected\InsetSpace ~ -blank +C-M-Space \family default - is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the line at that point. +). +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Protected Space +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Protected-Space" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Spaces ! protected" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the + line at that point. This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in: \end_layout \begin_layout Quote -More information is given in section +Further documentation is given in section \newline \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:quote" +reference "sec:Bibliography" \end_inset @@ -8246,7 +8371,7 @@ reference "sec:quote" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected blank between +Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset @@ -8258,33 +8383,46 @@ section \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -2.2 + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Bibliography" + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . - A protected blank is inserted with + A protected space is set with \family sans Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Special\InsetSpace ~ Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Protected\InsetSpace ~ +Protected +\bar under +\InsetSpace ~ + +\bar default Space \family default - or with + (shortcut \family sans -C-Space. +C-Space +\family default +). \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Horizontal Lines +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Thin Space \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Horizontal-Lines" +name "sub:Thin-Space" \end_inset \begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Horizontal lines" +name "Spaces ! thin" \end_inset @@ -8292,924 +8430,858 @@ name "Horizontal lines" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard - -\lyxline -In the dialog -\family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Horizontal\InsetSpace ~ -Line -\family default - you can insert horizontal lines that spans over the whole document columns - width. -\lyxline - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Section -Fonts and Text Styles -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:Fonts-and-Text" - +A +\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset +thin space +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Font Types -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Font ! Types" - + is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also +\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset +protected +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset +). + The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of + thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance + inside abbreviations: \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -There are two types of fonts: +\begin_layout Quote +D.\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +E. + Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program, i.\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +e.\InsetSpace \space{} +TeX. \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Vector\InsetSpace ~ -fonts -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Fonts ! Vector-" - -\end_inset - - are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.e. - characters) in the font. - This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are - well suited for scaling to any requested size. - This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the - curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph. - This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes. - Only at very small sizes it might be hard to provide a good rendering at - very small sizes, where each pixel has to be very carefully computed to - provide a good image. +\begin_layout Standard +or between values and units. + Compare for example this: \newline -One could mean that one only needs to define one font - size and scale them. - But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes. - That improves the appearance, because you need more details at large font - sizes than at small ones. +10\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +kg (thin space) \newline -The font types -\family typewriter -TrueType -\family default -, -\family typewriter -OpenType +10 kg (normal space +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can insert thin spaces with the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Special\InsetSpace ~ +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Thin\InsetSpace ~ +Space \family default -, and -\family typewriter -Type\InsetSpace ~ -1 PostScript + (shortcut +\family sans +C-S-Space \family default - are vector fonts. +). \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Bitmap\InsetSpace ~ -fonts -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Fonts ! Bitmap-" +\begin_layout Subsubsection +More Spaces +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Apart from the ones described, there are still some more spaces. + Although LyX supports them natively, they can only be reached via a formula + as described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Altering-Spacing" \end_inset - on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they - will look good at all the sizes they are meant for. - However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each - pixel is enlarged into several pixels. - It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a - picture manipulation program. - In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in - several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels - or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful. - The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary - to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable - fonts. - The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have - to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad. + or via the +\family sans +command buffer +\family default + toolbar. + Te latter means to type \newline -Bitmap fonts are named +\series bold +space-insert \family typewriter -Type\InsetSpace ~ -3 +\series default + +\newline + \family default - in PostScript- and PDF-documents. -\end_layout + into the command buffer, where +\series bold + +\series default + is one of the following: +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed \begin_layout Standard -The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they - are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes. - So one need less font size definitions for scalable fonts. - That's the reason why nearly all text render and typesetting programs use - scalable fonts. -\end_layout +The unit +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into - its document properties. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards - specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font. - For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current - font to emphasize text, you use an -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -emphasized style +em \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - instead. - This concept fits in perfectly with LyX. - In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting - details. -\end_layout + is explained in Appendix\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -Document Font and Font size -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Document-Font" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "cha:Units-available-in" \end_inset - -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Font ! Size" +. +\end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Document ! Font" +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Standard +\series bold +command \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Standard -You can set the document fonts in the -\family sans - Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings -\family default -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Document ! Settings" +\series bold +width +\end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - dialog. - There you can specify which font should be used for the three different - font shapes Roman, -\family sans -Sans\InsetSpace ~ -Serif -\family default -, and -\family typewriter -Typewriter -\family default - and its scalings. +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +protected? \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -The possible options for the font include -\family sans -default -\family default - and a list of fonts available on your system. - -\family sans -default -\family default - uses the standard TeX fonts, known as -\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Standard \family typewriter -Computer Modern -\family default +normal +\end_layout -\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - ( -\family typewriter -cm -\family default -) or -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +1/3\InsetSpace ~ +em +\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -\family typewriter -European Computer Modern -\family default +\begin_layout Standard +no +\end_layout -\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard - ( \family typewriter -ec -\family default -). +protected \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -As -\family typewriter -cm -\family default - and -\family typewriter -ec -\family default - are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixeled in PDF output, especially when - you read the PDF in a zoomed size. -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Standard -This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in -\family typewriter -Adobe\InsetSpace ~ -Reader -\family default - version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font - renderer. +1/3\InsetSpace ~ +em \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - To get rid of pixeled fonts, you have to use a vector font. - There are three ways to use one: +\begin_layout Standard +yes \end_layout -\begin_layout Itemize -One way is to use the -\family typewriter -AE -\family default - fonts. - -\family typewriter -AE -\family default - is a virtual font. - Virtual means that it -\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text -steals -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard - outline \family typewriter -cm -\family default --glyphs from other fonts. - This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French - guillemets ( -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset +thin +\end_layout -« -\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - and -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +1/6\InsetSpace ~ +em +\end_layout -» -\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - -) -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Standard -Loading the LaTeX-package -\series bold -aeguill -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "LaTeX-packages ! aeguill" +yes +\end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Standard -\series default - with the document preamble line +\family typewriter +enspace \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Standard +0.5\InsetSpace ~ +em +\end_layout -\series bold +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -\backslash -usepackage[ec]{aeguill} +\begin_layout Standard +yes \end_layout +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Standard -will fix the guillemet problem. + +\family typewriter +enskip \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - and that accented characters are not -\emph on -one -\emph default - glyph, they are build of -\emph on -two -\emph default - characters, the accent and the letter. - Therefore you can't search in documents using the -\family typewriter -AE -\family default - fonts for words with accented characters. - If you search for example for the French word -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -rève -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +0.5\InsetSpace ~ +em +\end_layout - in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for - the glyph -\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text - è -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +no +\end_layout - and not for the glyph -\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset - - e + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Standard - -\backslash -`{} +\family typewriter +quad \end_layout \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - -. -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Standard -The LaTeX command -\series bold - -\backslash -` -\series default - produces a grave. - The two braces behind the command prevents the following quotation mark - to be accented with the grave. -\newline -More about ERT and LaTeX-commands is described - in section\InsetSpace ~ - -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:ERT" +1\InsetSpace ~ +em +\end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -. +\begin_layout Standard +no \end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Standard +\family typewriter +qquad \end_layout -\begin_layout Itemize -Another possibility is to use three different outline fonts -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Standard -Other fonts, like -\family typewriter -Latin Modern -\family default - or -\family typewriter -Computer Modern -\family default -, consists of these three main font types -\family sans -sans\InsetSpace ~ -serif -\family default -, -\family sans -typewriter -\family default -, and -\family sans -serif -\family default -. +2\InsetSpace ~ +em \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -: -\family sans -Times\InsetSpace ~ -Roman -\family default - as roman font, -\family sans - Helvetica -\family default - scaled to 92 or 95\InsetSpace \thinspace{} -% as sans\InsetSpace ~ -serif font, and -\family sans -courier -\family default - as typewriter font. -\newline -The differences between roman, -\family sans -sans\InsetSpace ~ -serif -\family default -, and -\family typewriter -typewriter -\family default - fonts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ - -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" +\begin_layout Standard +no +\end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text -. -\newline -The font -\family sans -Times\InsetSpace ~ -Roman -\family default - was originally designed for newspapers. - That means its glyphs are smaller than the one from other fonts to fit - into the small newspaper columns. - Therefore -\family sans -Times\InsetSpace ~ -Roman -\family default - is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books. -\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard -\begin_layout Itemize -The best solution is to use the \family typewriter -Latin Modern -\family default - fonts. - These fonts are developed in order of the LaTeX community to replace -\family typewriter -cm -\family default - as default font. +negthinspace \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -For the font size there are four possible values: -\family sans -default, 10 -\family default -, -\family sans -11 -\family default -, and -\family sans -12 -\family default -. - The size of -\family sans -default -\family default - depends on your LaTeX-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10. +\begin_layout Standard +-1/6\InsetSpace ~ +em \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Standard -The font sizes are the -\emph on -base size -\emph default -. - LyX actually scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used in - footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value. - You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the -\family sans -Text\InsetSpace ~ -Style -\family default - dialog if needed. - The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ +yes +\end_layout -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" +\end_inset + + + \end_inset -. + \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset VSpace bigskip +\begin_layout Subsection +Horizontal Lines +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Horizontal-Lines" + \end_inset -\begin_inset Note Greyedout -status open +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Horizontal lines" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\series bold -Note: -\series default - When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does -\emph on -not -\emph default - change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output; - this is part of the WYSIWYM concept. - LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the +\lyxline +In the dialog \family sans -Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Preferences +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Horizontal\InsetSpace ~ +Line \family default - dialog, see Appendix\InsetSpace ~ - -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog" - -\end_inset + you can insert horizontal lines that spans over the whole document columns + width. +\lyxline -. \end_layout +\begin_layout Section +Fonts and Text Styles +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Fonts-and-Text" + \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Using Different Character Styles +Font Types \begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Character Styles" +name "Font ! Types" \end_inset -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Dialogs ! Text Style" +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +There are two types of fonts: +\end_layout +\begin_layout Description +Vector\InsetSpace ~ +fonts +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Fonts ! Vector-" -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for - certain paragraph environments. - LyX supports two character styles, -\family sans -Emphasized + are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.e. + characters) in the font. + This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are + well suited for scaling to any requested size. + This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the + curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph. + This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes. + Only at very small sizes it might be hard to provide a good rendering at + very small sizes, where each pixel has to be very carefully computed to + provide a good image. +\newline +One could mean that one only needs to define one font + size and scale them. + But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes. + That improves the appearance, because you need more details at large font + sizes than at small ones. +\newline +The font types +\family typewriter +TrueType \family default - and -\family sans -Noun +, +\family typewriter +OpenType \family default -. - You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the - toolbar. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -To activate the -\family sans -Noun +, and +\family typewriter +Type\InsetSpace ~ +1 PostScript \family default - style, do one of the following: + are vector fonts. \end_layout -\begin_layout Itemize -click on the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/font-noun.xpm +\begin_layout Description +Bitmap\InsetSpace ~ +fonts +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Fonts ! Bitmap-" \end_inset - + on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they + will look good at all the sizes they are meant for. + However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each + pixel is enlarged into several pixels. + It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a + picture manipulation program. + In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in + several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels + or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful. + The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary + to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable + fonts. + The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have + to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad. +\newline +Bitmap fonts are named + +\family typewriter +Type\InsetSpace ~ +3 +\family default + in PostScript- and PDF-documents. \end_layout -\begin_layout Itemize -use the keybinding -\family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -c +\begin_layout Standard +The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they + are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes. + So one need less font size definitions for scalable fonts. + That's the reason why nearly all text render and typesetting programs use + scalable fonts. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -These commands are all toggles. - That is, if -\family sans -Noun -\family default - style is already active, they deactivate it. +To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into + its document properties. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -One typically uses the -\family sans -Noun -\family default - style for proper names. - For example: +Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards + specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font. + For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current + font to emphasize text, you use an \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset - -\noun on -Matthias Ettrich -\noun default - is the original author of LyX. +emphasized style \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - + instead. + This concept fits in perfectly with LyX. + In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting + details. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -A more widely used character style is the -\family sans -Emphasized -\family default - style. - You can activate (or deactivate - it's also a toggle) the -\family sans -Emphasized -\family default - style by: -\end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +Document Font and Font size +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Document-Font" -\begin_layout Itemize -clicking on the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/font-emph.xpm +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Font ! Size" \end_inset -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Document ! Font" + +\end_inset -\begin_layout Itemize -using the keybindings -\family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -e -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Normally the -\family sans -Emphasized -\family default - style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag -es use a different font. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -We've been using the +You can set the document fonts in the \family sans -Emphasized + Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Settings \family default - style all over the place in this document. - Here's one more example: -\end_layout -\begin_layout Quotation +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Document ! Settings" -\emph on -Don't overuse character styles! -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -It's also a warning in addition to an example. - One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation. - Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid - the common tendency to overuse character style. - + dialog. + There you can specify which font should be used for the three different + font shapes Roman, +\family sans +Sans\InsetSpace ~ +Serif +\family default +, and +\family typewriter +Typewriter +\family default + and its scalings. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You can always reset to the default font using the keybinding +The possible options for the font include \family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -Space +default \family default - or the dialog + and a list of fonts available on your system. + \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Text\InsetSpace ~ -Style +default \family default -. -\end_layout + uses the standard TeX fonts, known as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset -\begin_layout Subsection -Fine-Tuning with the -\family sans -Text Style + +\family typewriter +Computer Modern \family default - dialog -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" +\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Text Style" - + ( +\family typewriter +cm +\family default +) or +\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Dialogs ! Text Style" +\family typewriter +European Computer Modern +\family default +\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - + ( +\family typewriter +ec +\family default +). \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX - gives you a way to create custom character style. - For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet - requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations. - Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts - from ordinary dialog. -\end_layout +As +\family typewriter +cm +\family default + and +\family typewriter +ec +\family default + are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixeled in PDF output, especially when + you read the PDF in a zoomed size. +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed \begin_layout Standard -Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a - warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles! -\newline -Documents that overuse - different fonts and sizes are not well readable and tend to look like someone - has knocked huge holes in it. +This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in +\family typewriter +Adobe\InsetSpace ~ +Reader +\family default + version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font + renderer. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -To use custom character styles, open the -\family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Text\InsetSpace ~ -Style -\family default - dialog. - There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different - font property which you can choose. - You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select -\family sans -No\InsetSpace ~ -change -\family default -, which keeps the current state of that property. - The item -\family sans -Reset -\family default - will reset the property to whatever is the default. - You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph - environments in a snap. +\end_inset + + To get rid of pixeled fonts, you have to use a vector font. + There are three ways to use one: \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -The font properties, and their options (in addition to -\family sans -No\InsetSpace ~ -change +\begin_layout Itemize +One way is to use the +\family typewriter +AE \family default - and -\family sans -Reset + fonts. + +\family typewriter +AE \family default -) are: -\end_layout + is a virtual font. + Virtual means that it +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +steals +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset -\family sans -Family + outline +\family typewriter +cm \family default - The +-glyphs from other fonts. + This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French + guillemets ( \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -overall look +« \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - of the font. - The possible options are: -\end_layout + and +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset -\begin_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +» +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset -\family sans -Roman -\family default - This is the Roman font family. - Normally a serif font. - It's also the default family. - (keybinding -\begin_inset ERT +) +\begin_inset Foot status collapsed +\begin_layout Standard +Loading the LaTeX-package +\series bold +aeguill +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "LaTeX-packages ! aeguill" + +\end_inset + + +\series default + with the document preamble line +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard +\series bold \backslash -mbox{ +usepackage[ec]{aeguill} \end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +will fix the guillemet problem. +\end_layout +\end_inset -\family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -r + and that accented characters are not +\emph on +one +\emph default + glyph, they are build of +\emph on +two +\emph default + characters, the accent and the letter. + Therefore you can't search in documents using the +\family typewriter +AE \family default + fonts for words with accented characters. + If you search for example for the French word +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +rève +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for + the glyph +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + + è +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + and not for the glyph +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + e + \begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Standard -} + +\backslash +`{} \end_layout \end_inset -) + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. \begin_inset Note Note status collapsed \begin_layout Standard -The LaTeX-command prevents text to be broken at the end of a line. - It is explained in section\InsetSpace ~ +The LaTeX command +\series bold + +\backslash +` +\series default + produces a grave. + The two braces behind the command prevents the following quotation mark + to be accented with the grave. +\newline +More about ERT and LaTeX-commands is described + in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Hyphenation" +reference "sec:ERT" \end_inset @@ -9221,266 +9293,463 @@ reference "sub:Hyphenation" \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Itemize +Another possibility is to use three different outline fonts +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed -\family sans -Sans\InsetSpace ~ -Serif +\begin_layout Standard +Other fonts, like +\family typewriter +Latin Modern \family default - + or +\family typewriter +Computer Modern +\family default +, consists of these three main font types \family sans -This is the Sans Serif font family. - +sans\InsetSpace ~ +serif \family default - (keybinding -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -mbox{ +, +\family sans +typewriter +\family default +, and +\family sans +serif +\family default +. \end_layout \end_inset - +: \family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -s +Times\InsetSpace ~ +Roman +\family default + as roman font, +\family sans + Helvetica +\family default + scaled to 92 or 95\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +% as sans\InsetSpace ~ +serif font, and +\family sans +courier +\family default + as typewriter font. +\newline +The differences between roman, +\family sans +sans\InsetSpace ~ +serif +\family default +, and +\family typewriter +typewriter \family default + fonts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -} +. +\newline +The font +\family sans +Times\InsetSpace ~ +Roman +\family default + was originally designed for newspapers. + That means its glyphs are smaller than the one from other fonts to fit + into the small newspaper columns. + Therefore +\family sans +Times\InsetSpace ~ +Roman +\family default + is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books. \end_layout -\end_inset - -) +\begin_layout Itemize +The best solution is to use the +\family typewriter +Latin Modern +\family default + fonts. + These fonts are developed in order of the LaTeX community to replace +\family typewriter +cm +\family default + as default font. \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip +\end_inset +For the font size there are four possible values: \family sans -Typewriter +default, 10 \family default - -\family typewriter -This is the Typewriter font family. - +, +\family sans +11 \family default - (keybinding -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +, and +\family sans +12 +\family default +. + The size of +\family sans +default +\family default + depends on your LaTeX-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10. +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard +The font sizes are the +\emph on +base size +\emph default +. + LyX actually scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used in + footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value. + You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the +\family sans +Text\InsetSpace ~ +Style +\family default + dialog if needed. + The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" +\end_inset -\backslash -mbox{ +. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset +\begin_inset Note Greyedout +status open + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +Note: +\series default + When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does +\emph on +not +\emph default + change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output; + this is part of the WYSIWYM concept. + LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the \family sans -M-c\InsetSpace ~ -p +Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Preferences \family default + dialog, see Appendix\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog" -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -} +. \end_layout \end_inset -\family sans -) \end_layout -\end_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Subsection +Using Different Character Styles +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Character Styles" -\family sans -Series -\family default - This corresponds to the print weight. - Options are: -\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Dialogs ! Text Style" + +\end_inset -\begin_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for + certain paragraph environments. + LyX supports two character styles, \family sans -Medium +Emphasized \family default - This is the Medium font series. - It's also the default series. + and +\family sans +Noun +\family default +. + You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the + toolbar. \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 - +\begin_layout Standard +To activate the \family sans -Bold +Noun \family default - -\series bold -This is the Bold font series. + style, do one of the following: +\end_layout -\series default - (keybinding -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_layout Itemize +click on the toolbar button +\begin_inset Graphics + filename ../images/font-noun.xpm -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -mbox{ \end_layout -\end_inset - - +\begin_layout Itemize +use the keybinding \family sans M-c\InsetSpace ~ -b -\family default +c +\end_layout -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_layout Standard +These commands are all toggles. + That is, if +\family sans +Noun +\family default + style is already active, they deactivate it. +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard +One typically uses the +\family sans +Noun +\family default + style for proper names. + For example: +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset -} + +\noun on +Matthias Ettrich +\noun default + is the original author of LyX. +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +A more widely used character style is the +\family sans +Emphasized +\family default + style. + You can activate (or deactivate - it's also a toggle) the +\family sans +Emphasized +\family default + style by: \end_layout +\begin_layout Itemize +clicking on the toolbar button +\begin_inset Graphics + filename ../images/font-emph.xpm + \end_inset -) + \end_layout -\end_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Itemize +using the keybindings +\family sans +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +e +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Normally the \family sans -Shape +Emphasized \family default - As the name implies. - Options are: + style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag +es use a different font. \end_layout -\begin_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 - +\begin_layout Standard +We've been using the \family sans -Upright +Emphasized \family default - This is the Upright font shape. - It's also the default shape. + style all over the place in this document. + Here's one more example: \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Quotation + +\emph on +Don't overuse character styles! +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +It's also a warning in addition to an example. + One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation. + Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid + the common tendency to overuse character style. + +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +You can always reset to the default font using the keybinding \family sans -Italic +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +Space \family default - -\shape italic -This -\shape default - + or the dialog \family sans -\shape italic -i +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Text\InsetSpace ~ +Style \family default -s the Italic font shape -\shape default -\emph on . \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 - +\begin_layout Subsection +Fine-Tuning with the \family sans -Slanted +Text Style \family default - -\shape slanted -This is the Slanted font shape -\shape default - (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic). + dialog +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Text Style" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Dialogs ! Text Style" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 +\begin_layout Standard +There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX + gives you a way to create custom character style. + For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet + requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations. + Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts + from ordinary dialog. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a + warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles! +\newline +Documents that overuse + different fonts and sizes are not well readable and tend to look like someone + has knocked huge holes in it. +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +To use custom character styles, open the \family sans -Small\InsetSpace ~ -Caps +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Text\InsetSpace ~ +Style \family default - -\shape smallcaps -This is the Small caps font shape -\shape default -\noun on -. + dialog. + There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different + font property which you can choose. + You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select +\family sans +No\InsetSpace ~ +change +\family default +, which keeps the current state of that property. + The item +\family sans +Reset +\family default + will reset the property to whatever is the default. + You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph + environments in a snap. \end_layout -\end_deeper -\begin_layout Labeling -\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 - +\begin_layout Standard +The font properties, and their options (in addition to \family sans -Size +No\InsetSpace ~ +change \family default - Alters the size of the font. - You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio -nal to the document font size. - Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of - what you want to do. - The options are: + and +\family sans +Reset +\family default +) are: \end_layout -\begin_deeper \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Tiny +Family \family default - -\size tiny -This is the + The \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -Tiny +overall look \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - font size. + of the font. + The possible options are: +\end_layout -\size default +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Roman +\family default + This is the Roman font family. + Normally a serif font. + It's also the default family. (keybinding \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9496,8 +9765,8 @@ mbox{ \family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ -t +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +r \family default \begin_inset ERT @@ -9510,57 +9779,39 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - or -\begin_inset ERT +) +\begin_inset Note Note status collapsed \begin_layout Standard +The LaTeX-command prevents text to be broken at the end of a line. + It is explained in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Hyphenation" +\end_inset -\backslash -mbox{ +. \end_layout \end_inset -\family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ -1 -\family default - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -) -\end_layout +\end_layout \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Smallest +Sans\InsetSpace ~ +Serif \family default -\size scriptsize -This is the -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -Smallest -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset +\family sans +This is the Sans Serif font family. - font size -\size default -. +\family default (keybinding \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9576,10 +9827,10 @@ mbox{ \family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ - +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +s \family default -2 + \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9597,21 +9848,13 @@ status collapsed \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Smaller +Typewriter \family default -\size footnotesize -This is the -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -Smaller -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - font size. +\family typewriter +This is the Typewriter font family. -\size default +\family default (keybinding \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9627,8 +9870,8 @@ mbox{ \family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ -S +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +p \family default \begin_inset ERT @@ -9641,7 +9884,45 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - or + +\family sans +) +\end_layout + +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Series +\family default + This corresponds to the print weight. + Options are: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Medium +\family default + This is the Medium font series. + It's also the default series. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Bold +\family default + +\series bold +This is the Bold font series. + +\series default + (keybinding \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9656,10 +9937,10 @@ mbox{ \family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ - +M-c\InsetSpace ~ +b \family default -3 + \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9673,19 +9954,106 @@ status collapsed ) \end_layout +\end_deeper \begin_layout Labeling \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Small +Shape +\family default + As the name implies. + Options are: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Upright +\family default + This is the Upright font shape. + It's also the default shape. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Italic \family default -\size small +\shape italic +This +\shape default + +\family sans +\shape italic +i +\family default +s the Italic font shape +\shape default +\emph on +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Slanted +\family default + +\shape slanted +This is the Slanted font shape +\shape default + (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic). +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Small\InsetSpace ~ +Caps +\family default + +\shape smallcaps +This is the Small caps font shape +\shape default +\noun on +. +\end_layout + +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Size +\family default + Alters the size of the font. + You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio +nal to the document font size. + Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of + what you want to do. + The options are: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Tiny +\family default + +\size tiny This is the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -Small +Tiny \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset @@ -9708,7 +10076,7 @@ mbox{ \family sans M-s\InsetSpace ~ -s +t \family default \begin_inset ERT @@ -9737,9 +10105,9 @@ mbox{ \family sans M-s\InsetSpace ~ - +1 \family default -4 + \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9757,18 +10125,21 @@ status collapsed \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Normal +Smallest \family default - This is the + +\size scriptsize +This is the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -Normal +Smallest \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - font size. - It's also the default size. + font size +\size default +. (keybinding \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9783,40 +10154,11 @@ mbox{ \end_inset -\family sans -M-s\InsetSpace ~ -n -\family default - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - or -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -mbox{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \family sans M-s\InsetSpace ~ \family default -5 +2 \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9834,15 +10176,15 @@ status collapsed \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Large +Smaller \family default -\size large +\size footnotesize This is the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -Large +Smaller \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset @@ -9865,7 +10207,7 @@ mbox{ \family sans M-s\InsetSpace ~ -l +S \family default \begin_inset ERT @@ -9896,7 +10238,7 @@ mbox{ M-s\InsetSpace ~ \family default -6 +3 \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -9914,10 +10256,247 @@ status collapsed \labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 \family sans -Larger +Small \family default -\size larger +\size small +This is the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Small +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + font size. + +\size default + (keybinding +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ +s +\family default + +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + or +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ + +\family default +4 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Normal +\family default + This is the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Normal +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + font size. + It's also the default size. + (keybinding +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ +n +\family default + +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + or +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ + +\family default +5 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Large +\family default + +\size large +This is the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Large +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + font size. + +\size default + (keybinding +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ +l +\family default + +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + or +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + + +\backslash +mbox{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\family sans +M-s\InsetSpace ~ + +\family default +6 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Labeling +\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000 + +\family sans +Larger +\family default + +\size larger This is the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset @@ -11315,7 +11894,7 @@ name "Hyphens" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:hyphens" +name "sub:Hyphens" \end_inset @@ -11710,7 +12289,7 @@ name "Punctuation marks" \begin_layout Subsubsection Abbreviations and End of Sentence \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:abbrev" +name "sub:Abbreviations" \end_inset @@ -11795,39 +12374,69 @@ To fix this problem, use one of the following: \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -Use a +Use an \family sans -Protected\InsetSpace ~ -Blank +Inter-word\InsetSpace ~ +Space \family default after lowercase abbreviations (see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Protected-blanks" +reference "sub:Inter-word-Space" \end_inset ). +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Spaces ! inter-word" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -Use an +Use a \family sans -End\InsetSpace ~ -of\InsetSpace ~ -sentence +Thin\InsetSpace ~ +Space \family default - found under the -\family sans + between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Thin-Space" + +\end_inset + +). +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Spaces ! thin" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Use an +\family sans +End\InsetSpace ~ +of\InsetSpace ~ +sentence\InsetSpace ~ +period +\family default + found under the +\family sans Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator Special\InsetSpace ~ Character \family default - menu (shortcut + menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing. + This function is also bound to \family sans C-period \family default -) to force the use of inter-sentence spacing. + for easy access. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -11835,8 +12444,8 @@ With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -e.\InsetSpace ~ -g.\InsetSpace ~ +e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +g.\InsetSpace \space{} this is too much space! \end_layout @@ -11881,7 +12490,7 @@ name "Quotes | see{Typography}" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:quotes" +name "sub:Quotes" \end_inset @@ -12195,7 +12804,7 @@ name "Ligatures | see{Typography}" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:ligatures" +name "sub:Ligatures" \end_inset @@ -12625,7 +13234,7 @@ name "Typography ! Widows and orphans" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:widows" +name "sub:Widows" \end_inset @@ -12875,6 +13484,12 @@ name "Footnotes" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Footnotes" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -13018,6 +13633,12 @@ name "Marginal notes" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Marginal-Notes" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -13502,7 +14123,7 @@ name "Tables" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:tables" +name "sec:Tables" \end_inset @@ -13760,14 +14381,27 @@ contents If you can see a red border inside a cell, you only selected the cell content. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Additionally to the table dialog the +\family sans +table\InsetSpace ~ +toolbar +\family default +, that appears when the cursor is inside a table, helps you in setting table + properties. + It is for example currently only possible to add\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +/\InsetSpace \thinspace{} +delete lines via the table + toolbar. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard In the tab \family sans Table\InsetSpace ~ Settings \family default - you can delete the current row/column and set the horizontal alignment - for the current row. + of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row. If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the current cell respectively. The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width @@ -14000,6 +14634,12 @@ name "Tables ! Longtables" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Longtables" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -16618,6 +17258,11 @@ Figure\InsetSpace ~ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in the output. Behind the label you can insert the caption text. +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Floats ! Captions" + +\end_inset + The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate paragraph within the float. To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box @@ -16683,7 +17328,7 @@ Figure\InsetSpace ~ This is what we did for Figure\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cap:kill-plat" +reference "cap:Platypus" \end_inset @@ -16693,7 +17338,7 @@ reference "cap:kill-plat" This was done in Figure\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cap:escher" +reference "cap:Escher" \end_inset @@ -16724,7 +17369,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "cap:kill-plat" +name "cap:Platypus" \end_inset @@ -16752,7 +17397,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "cap:escher" +name "cap:Escher" \end_inset @@ -16953,7 +17598,7 @@ Table Table\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cap:a table float" +reference "cap:Table-float" \end_inset @@ -16971,7 +17616,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "cap:a table float" +name "cap:Table-float" \end_inset @@ -17319,7 +17964,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "cap:This-is-a" +name "cap:Wrapped-figure" \end_inset @@ -17376,7 +18021,7 @@ Configuration Figure\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cap:This-is-a" +reference "cap:Wrapped-figure" \end_inset @@ -17854,6 +18499,12 @@ name "Minipages" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Minipages" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -17975,6 +18626,27 @@ This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When you right-click on a minipage box, you can change the box from a minipage + to other box types. + All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter +\emph on +Boxes +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Embedded Objects +\emph default + manual. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Chapter Mathematical Formulas \begin_inset LatexCommand index @@ -18028,29 +18700,13 @@ Math \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Editing the parameters of a formula may be done from the -\family sans -Math\InsetSpace ~ -Panel -\family default -, that appears when you right-click on a formula (also available with the - menu -\family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\InsetSpace ~ -Panel -\family default -), or via the menu +Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done + with the \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math +math\InsetSpace ~ +toolbar \family default -. - The math panel is very useful, so you may want to open it and leave it - somewhere on the screen. - If you're not already in a formula, selecting anything from the math panel - will insert a formula for you. +, that appears when the cursor is in a formula. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -18300,40 +18956,6 @@ Shift but not in a normal text region in LyX. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -The Math Panel -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Math ! Math Panel" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:math-panel" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The -\family sans -Math\InsetSpace ~ -Panel -\family default - dialog is accessible by right-clicking on a formula or via the menu -\family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math -\family default -. - It has an extensive list of symbols and structures. - As stated earlier, you can keep the math panel open when writing mathematics. - The use of the panel should be fairly obvious; we'll describe some of the - details in the following sections. -\end_layout - \begin_layout Subsection Exponents and Subscripts \begin_inset LatexCommand index @@ -18703,7 +19325,7 @@ lim Have a look at section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:math-functions" +reference "sub:Functions" \end_inset @@ -18766,6 +19388,12 @@ name "Math ! Spaces" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Altering-Spacing" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -18852,7 +19480,7 @@ name "Math ! Functions" \begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sec:math-functions" +name "sub:Functions" \end_inset @@ -21478,7 +22106,7 @@ status collapsed described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Protected-blanks" +reference "sub:Protected-Space" \end_inset @@ -21770,7 +22398,7 @@ reference "sec:Short-Titles" Section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:numbering-depth" +reference "sub:Numbering-depth" \end_inset @@ -21823,6 +22451,12 @@ name "URLs" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:URL" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22000,7 +22634,7 @@ Bibliography , described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:biblio_environment" +reference "sub:Biblio_environment" \end_inset @@ -22116,6 +22750,12 @@ name "Bibliography ! BibTeX" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Bibliography-databases" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22359,6 +22999,12 @@ name "Index generation" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Index" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22526,7 +23172,7 @@ reference "sub:Lists" In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:itemize" +reference "sec:Itemize" \end_inset @@ -22553,7 +23199,7 @@ Lists ! Enumerate for the enumerated list in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:enumerate" +reference "sec:Enumerate" \end_inset @@ -23029,6 +23675,12 @@ name "Glossary|see{Nomenclature}" \end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sec:Nomenclature" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -23805,7 +24457,7 @@ Question: Who was the first Physics Nobel prize winner? \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Branch Answer -status open +status collapsed \begin_layout Standard Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen @@ -29691,292 +30343,907 @@ o \begin_layout Standard -\end_layout +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +¯ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +¿ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +Ï +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +ß +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +ï +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Standard + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\emph off +\bar no +\noun off +\color none +ÿ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display + directly. + It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but + also the characters from +\family typewriter +ISO8859--2 +\family default + through +\family typewriter +4 +\family default +. + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +From +\family typewriter +ISO8859--1 +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ +\hfill +diaeresis +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û +\hfill +circumflex +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù +\hfill +grave +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý +\hfill +acute +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ +\hfill +tilde +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +¸Çç +\hfill +cedilla +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +¯ +\hfill +macron +\end_layout + +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Itemize +From +\family typewriter +ISO8859--2 +\family default + through +\family typewriter +4 +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +ĤĴĥȷ̂ĈĜŜĉĝŝ +\hfill +circumflex +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń +\hfill +acute +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Ĩı̃Ũũ +\hfill +tilde +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ +\hfill +cedilla +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū +\hfill +macron +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +ŐŰőű +\hfill +Hungarian umlaut +\end_layout + +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts. + In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters. + Also make sure you're using the +\family typewriter +T1 +\family default + font-encoding. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Chapter +\start_of_appendix +The User Interface +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "cha:The-User-Interface" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This appendix lists all available menus and describes its functionality. + It is designed as quick reference if you are searching for a special topic + inside the user's guide. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +The File Menu +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Menu ! File" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Under the +\family sans +File +\family default + menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations. + At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +New +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Creates a new document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +New from Template +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This menu prompts you for a template to use. + Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for + the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Open +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Opens a document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Open Recent +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files. + Click there on a file to open it. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Close +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Closes the current document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Save +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Saves the actual document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Save As +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Revert to saved +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Reloads the actual document from disk. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Version Control +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is used when more people are working on the same document. + It is described in the section +\emph on +Version Control in LyX +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Extended\InsetSpace ~ +Features +\emph default + manual. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Import +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can import there files from older LyX-versions, LaTeX-files and plain + text files (ASCII-files). + The files will be imported as new LyX-document. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +When using the menu +\family sans +Plain\InsetSpace ~ +Text, Join\InsetSpace ~ +Lines +\family default +, all lines will be imported consecutively to one big paragraph. + A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file. + , the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text + will start a new paragraph. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Export +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Export" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You can export your document to various file formats. + The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file. + The menu entries are not the same on all installations. + They depend on the programs found by LyX while its configuration. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Here is a list of all available entries; they are explained in detail in + section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Output-file-formats" + +\end_inset + +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +CJK\InsetSpace ~ +LyX +\family default +format of the special LyX 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean + (CJK); (Since LyX 1.5.0 CJK support is fully integrated to LyX.) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +DVI +\family default + DVI-format +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +HTML HTML-format (the HTML-converter is a third-party product and doesn't + work in all cases) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +HTML\InsetSpace ~ +(MS\InsetSpace ~ +Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported + to +\family sans +MS Word +\family default +, as consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and not + in the format +\family sans +MathML +\family default +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +LaT +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +{} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +eX\InsetSpace ~ +(pdflatex) +\family default + text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document + will be converted to a format that is readable for the +\family typewriter +pdflatex +\family default + program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +LaT +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Standard + +{} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +eX\InsetSpace ~ +(plain) +\family default + text file with the LaTeX source code, additionally all images used in the + document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable + for the +\family typewriter +latex +\family default + program +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +LyX\InsetSpace ~ +1.y.x LyX-document in a format readable for the LyX versions 1.y.x ( +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +y +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + is replaced by the version number) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted text file, to be opened with +\family sans +OpenOffice +\family default +, +\family sans +KOffice +\family default +, +\family sans +Abiword +\family default +, etc. + (the OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and doesn't work in + all cases) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +PDF +\family default + PDF-format using the program +\family typewriter +ps2pdf +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +PDF\InsetSpace ~ +(dvipdfm) +\family default + PDF-format using the program +\family typewriter +dvipdfm +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +PDF\InsetSpace ~ +(pdflatex) +\family default + PDF-format using the program +\family typewriter +pdflatex +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +Plain\InsetSpace ~ +text +\family default + text format +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +Plain\InsetSpace ~ +text\InsetSpace ~ +(ps2ascii) +\family default + text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format + and then exported as text using the program +\family sans +ps2ascii +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +Postscript +\family default + PostScript format using the program +\family typewriter +dvips +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description + +\family sans +Custom +\family default + custom format +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The program +\family typewriter +dvipdfm +\family default + produces internally a dvi-file which is then converted to a pdf-file. + It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from + what you want. + +\family typewriter +pdflatex +\family default + produces directly pdf-files and supports the latest pdf-file formats. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If one of the menu entries +\family sans +DVI +\family default +, +\family sans +PDF\InsetSpace ~ +(pdflatex) +\family default + or +\family sans +Postscript +\family default + is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation. + After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup" + +\end_inset + +. +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Reconfiguration of LyX" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The menu +\family sans +Custom +\family default + allows you to export your file by using special command line options for + the export program. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Print +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +With this menu you can print your document to a file in PostScript format + or send it to a printer. + The printer will also use the document in PostScript format. + The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the + program +\family typewriter +dvips +\family default +. + For more informations have a look at section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Printing-the-File" \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Standard +. \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Subsection +New and Close Window +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard - +Opens a new instance of LyX with all currently opened documents. + You can close it later with the corresponding menu. \end_layout +\begin_layout Section +The Edit Menu +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Menu ! Edit" + \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text -\begin_layout Standard -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -¯ \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Subsection +Undo and Redo +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard +Described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -¿ -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo" \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text -\begin_layout Standard - -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -Ï +. \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Subsection +Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard +Described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -ß -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features" \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Standard -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -ï +. \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Subsection +Select All +\end_layout \begin_layout Standard - -\family roman -\series medium -\shape up -\emph off -\bar no -\noun off -\color none -ÿ +Selects the whole document. \end_layout -\end_inset - - - +\begin_layout Subsection +Find & Replace +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Dialogs ! Find \\& Replace" \end_inset \end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features" -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display - directly. - It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but - also the characters from -\family typewriter -ISO8859--2 -\family default - through -\family typewriter -4 -\family default . - \end_layout -\begin_layout Itemize -From -\family typewriter -ISO8859--1 -\family default -: +\begin_layout Subsection +Move paragraph Up/Down \end_layout -\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard -¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ -\hfill -diaeresis +This shifts the paragraph where the cursor is currently in one paragraph + up or down. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û -\hfill -circumflex -\end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +Text Style +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Dialogs ! Text Style" + +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù -\hfill -grave -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý -\hfill -acute \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ -\hfill -tilde +Described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" + +\end_inset + +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -¸Çç -\hfill -cedilla +\begin_layout Subsection +Paragraph Settings +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Paragraph ! Settings" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -¯ -\hfill -macron +The settings in the paragraph dialog only affects the paragraph where the + cursor is in. + Here you can set here the paragraph alignment and line spacing. \end_layout -\end_deeper -\begin_layout Itemize -From -\family typewriter -ISO8859--2 +\begin_layout Standard +You can also prevent that the first line of the paragraph is indented. + This option works only when you have chosen to separate paragraphs with + indents in the +\family sans +Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Settings \family default - through -\family typewriter -4 + dialog under +\family sans +Text\InsetSpace ~ +Layout \family default -: +. \end_layout -\begin_deeper -\begin_layout Standard -ĤĴĥȷ̂ĈĜŜĉĝŝ -\hfill -circumflex +\begin_layout Subsection +Tabular and Math \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń -\hfill -acute -\end_layout +These two menus are only active when the cursor is inside a table or a formula. + The properties of this table/formula can now be changed. + The properties of tables are described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Standard -Ĩı̃Ũũ -\hfill -tilde -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Tables" + +\end_inset + +, the properties of formulas in chapter\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Standard -ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ -\hfill -cedilla -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" -\begin_layout Standard -ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū -\hfill -macron +\end_inset + +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -ŐŰőű -\hfill -Hungarian umlaut +\begin_layout Subsection +Increase / Decrease List Depth \end_layout -\end_deeper \begin_layout Standard -All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts. - In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters. - Also make sure you're using the -\family typewriter -T1 -\family default - font-encoding. -\end_layout +These menus are only active when the cursor is in an environment that can + be nested. + They in/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Chapter -\start_of_appendix -The User Interface -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "cha:The-User-Interface" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Nesting" \end_inset + and +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Numbering-depth" -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -This appendix lists all available menus and describes its functionality. - It is designed as quick reference if you are searching for a special topic - inside the user's guide. +. \end_layout \begin_layout Section -The File Menu +The View Menu \begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Menu ! File" +name "Menu ! View" \end_inset @@ -29984,581 +31251,555 @@ name "Menu ! File" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Under the +The \family sans -File +View \family default - menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations. - At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed. -\end_layout + menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the actual + document with an external program. + The menu entries for the viewing formats are not the same on all installations + - it depends on the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured. + All possible formats are formats listed in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -New -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Export" -\begin_layout Standard -Creates a new document. -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Subsection -New from Template -\end_layout +. + You should at least see the menu entries +\family sans +DVI +\family default + and +\family sans +PDF\InsetSpace ~ +(pdflatex) +\family default +. + If one of the two is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation. + After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Standard -This menu prompts you for a template to use. - Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for - the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually. -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup" -\begin_layout Subsection -Open -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -Opens a document. -\end_layout +. +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Reconfiguration of LyX" -\begin_layout Subsection -Open Recent -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files. - Click there on a file to open it. -\end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Close \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Closes the current document. -\end_layout +Invoking a menu will start a viewer program. + The viewer can be set in the preferences, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -Save +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog" + +\end_inset + +. + The default viewers are set by LyX while it is first configured or later + reconfigured. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Saves the actual document. +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip +\end_inset + +At the bottom of the +\family sans +View +\family default + menu the opened documents are listed. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Save As +View Source \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy. +Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described + in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of" + +\end_inset + +. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Revert to saved +Update \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Reloads the actual document from disk. +This menu allows you to update the view with your latest changes without + opening a new view window. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Version Control +Toolbars +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Toolbars" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Toolbar" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -This is used when more people are working on the same document. - It is described in the section +In this menu you can set the appearance of the different toolbars. + All toolbars and the +\family sans +Command\InsetSpace ~ +Buffer +\family default + can be turned on and off. + The \emph on -Version Control in LyX +on \emph default - of the + state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark. + The +\family sans +Review +\family default +, +\family sans +Table +\family default +, +\family sans +Math\InsetSpace ~ +Panels +\family default +, and +\family sans +Math +\family default + toolbars can be additionally set to the state \emph on -Extended\InsetSpace ~ -Features +automatic \emph default - manual. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Import + that is denoted in the menu with the suffix +\family sans +(auto) +\family default +. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You can import there files from older LyX-versions, LaTeX-files and plain - text files (ASCII-files). - The files will be imported as new LyX-document. +In the +\emph on +on +\emph default + state the toolbar is permanently shown, in the +\emph on +automatic +\emph default + state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment + or when a certain feature is enabled. + That means that the review toolbar will only be shown when change tracking + is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown when the cursor + is inside a formula or table, respectively. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -When using the menu -\family sans -Plain\InsetSpace ~ -Text, Join\InsetSpace ~ -Lines -\family default -, all lines will be imported consecutively to one big paragraph. - A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file. - , the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text - will start a new paragraph. +LyX's toolbars and its buttons are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Toolbars" + +\end_inset + +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Export -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Export" +\begin_layout Section +The Insert Menu +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Menu ! Insert" \end_inset \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -You can export your document to various file formats. - The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file. - The menu entries are not the same on all installations. - They depend on the programs found by LyX while its configuration. +\begin_layout Subsection +Math \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Here is a list of all available entries; they are explained in detail in - section\InsetSpace ~ +Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Output-file-formats" +reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" \end_inset -: +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Description +\begin_layout Subsection +Special Character +\begin_inset LatexCommand label +name "sub:Special-Character" -\family sans -CJK\InsetSpace ~ -LyX -\family default -format of the special LyX 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean - (CJK); (Since LyX 1.5.0 CJK support is fully integrated to LyX.) -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Description -\family sans -DVI -\family default - DVI-format \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -HTML HTML-format (the HTML-converter is a third-party product and doesn't - work in all cases) +\begin_layout Standard +Here you can insert the following characters: \end_layout \begin_layout Description -HTML\InsetSpace ~ -(MS\InsetSpace ~ -Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported - to -\family sans -MS Word -\family default -, as consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and not - in the format -\family sans -MathML -\family default -. +Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar \ldots{} + \end_layout \begin_layout Description +End\InsetSpace ~ +of\InsetSpace ~ +Sentence Inserts an end of sentence dot as described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\family sans -LaT -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{} -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Abbreviations" \end_inset -eX\InsetSpace ~ -(pdflatex) -\family default - text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document - will be converted to a format that is readable for the -\family typewriter -pdflatex -\family default - program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG) +. \end_layout \begin_layout Description - -\family sans -LaT -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{} -\end_layout - +Ordinary\InsetSpace ~ +Quote Inserts this quote: +\begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset -eX\InsetSpace ~ -(plain) +, no matter what quote type you selected in the +\family sans +Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Settings \family default - text file with the LaTeX source code, additionally all images used in the - document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable - for the -\family typewriter -latex + dialog under +\family sans +Language \family default - program +. \end_layout \begin_layout Description -LyX\InsetSpace ~ -1.y.x LyX-document in a format readable for the LyX versions 1.y.x ( -\begin_inset Quotes eld +Single\InsetSpace ~ +Quote Inserts this quote: +\begin_inset Quotes els \end_inset -y -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - is replaced by the version number) \end_layout \begin_layout Description -OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted text file, to be opened with -\family sans -OpenOffice -\family default -, -\family sans -KOffice -\family default -, -\family sans -Abiword -\family default -, etc. - (the OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and doesn't work in - all cases) +Menu\InsetSpace ~ +Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar \menuseparator + \end_layout \begin_layout Description +Phonetic\InsetSpace ~ +Symbols +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Phonetic symbols" -\family sans -PDF -\family default - PDF-format using the program -\family typewriter -ps2pdf -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Description -\family sans -PDF\InsetSpace ~ -(dvipdfm) -\family default - PDF-format using the program -\family typewriter -dvipdfm -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Language ! Phonetic symbols" -\begin_layout Description +\end_inset -\family sans -PDF\InsetSpace ~ -(pdflatex) -\family default - PDF-format using the program -\family typewriter -pdflatex -\end_layout + Creates a formula with a so called tipa inset. + Here you can insert commands to create IPA phonetic symbols. + For this feature you must have the LaTeX-package +\series bold +tipa +\series default -\begin_layout Description +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "LaTeX-packages ! tipa" -\family sans -Plain\InsetSpace ~ -text -\family default - text format -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Description + installed. +\newline +For more informations about this feature we refer to the documentation + of +\series bold +tipa, +\begin_inset LatexCommand cite +key "tipa" -\family sans -Plain\InsetSpace ~ -text\InsetSpace ~ -(ps2ascii) -\family default - text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format - and then exported as text using the program -\family sans -ps2ascii -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Description -\family sans -Postscript -\family default - PostScript format using the program -\family typewriter -dvips -\end_layout +\series default + and this Wiki-page: +\newline -\begin_layout Description +\begin_inset LatexCommand url +target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX" -\family sans -Custom -\family default - custom format +\end_inset + +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -The program -\family typewriter -dvipdfm -\family default - produces internally a dvi-file which is then converted to a pdf-file. - It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from - what you want. - -\family typewriter -pdflatex -\family default - produces directly pdf-files and supports the latest pdf-file formats. +\begin_layout Subsection +Formatting \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -If one of the menu entries -\family sans -DVI -\family default -, -\family sans -PDF\InsetSpace ~ -(pdflatex) -\family default - or -\family sans -Postscript -\family default - is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation. - After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\InsetSpace ~ - -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup" +Here you can insert the following format constructs: +\end_layout +\begin_layout Description +Superscript Inserts an superscript: test +\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{a,b}}$ \end_inset -. -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Reconfiguration of LyX" +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +Subscript Inserts an subscript: test +\begin_inset Formula $_{\text{3x}}$ \end_inset \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -The menu -\family sans -Custom -\family default - allows you to export your file by using special command line options for - the export program. -\end_layout +\begin_layout Description +Protected\InsetSpace ~ +Space Inserts a protected space that is described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -Print -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Protected-Space" + +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -With this menu you can print your document to a file in PostScript format - or send it to a printer. - The printer will also use the document in PostScript format. - The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the - program -\family typewriter -dvips -\family default . - For more informations have a look at section\InsetSpace ~ +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Description +Inter-word\InsetSpace ~ +Space Inserts an inter-word space that is described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Printing-the-File" +reference "sub:Inter-word-Space" \end_inset . \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -New and Close Window -\end_layout +\begin_layout Description +Thin\InsetSpace ~ +Space Inserts a thin space that is described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Standard -Opens a new instance of LyX with all currently opened documents. - You can close it later with the corresponding menu. +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Thin-Space" + +\end_inset + +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Section -The Edit Menu -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Menu ! Edit" +\begin_layout Description +Horizontal\InsetSpace ~ +Fill Inserts an horizontal fill, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\end_inset +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Horizontal-Space" +\end_inset + for a description. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Undo and Redo +\begin_layout Description +Horizontal\InsetSpace ~ +Line Inserts an horizontal line, see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Horizontal-Lines" + +\end_inset + + for a description. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_layout Description +Vertical\InsetSpace ~ +Space Inserts vertical space, see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo" +reference "sub:Vertical-Space" \end_inset -. + for a description. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special +\begin_layout Description +Hyphenation\InsetSpace ~ +Point Inserts an hyphenation point, see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Hyphenation" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_layout Description +Ligature\InsetSpace ~ +Break Inserts a ligature break, see section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features" +reference "sub:Ligatures" \end_inset -. -\end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Select All \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Selects the whole document. -\end_layout +\begin_layout Description +Line\InsetSpace ~ +Break Inserts a forced linebreak, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -Find & Replace -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Dialogs ! Find \\& Replace" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Forced-Linebreaks" \end_inset \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_layout Description +Page\InsetSpace ~ +Break Inserts a forced pagebreak, described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features" +reference "sub:Forced-Pagebreaks" \end_inset -. -\end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Move paragraph Up/Down \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -This shifts the paragraph where the cursor is currently in one paragraph - up or down. +\begin_layout Description +Clear\InsetSpace ~ +Page Inserts a clear pagebreak, described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Clear-Pages" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Text Style -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Dialogs ! Text Style" +\begin_layout Description +Clear\InsetSpace ~ +Double\InsetSpace ~ +Page Inserts a clear doublepage break, described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Clear-Pages" \end_inset \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +List / TOC +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard -Described in section\InsetSpace ~ +Various lists can be inserted with this menu. + The table of contents, the algorithm, figures, and tables list are described + in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the" +reference "sec:toc" \end_inset . -\end_layout + The index list is described in section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_layout Subsection -Paragraph Settings -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Paragraph ! Settings" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Index" \end_inset +, the nomenclature in section\InsetSpace ~ -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Nomenclature" -\begin_layout Standard -The settings in the paragraph dialog only affects the paragraph where the - cursor is in. - Here you can set here the paragraph alignment and line spacing. -\end_layout +\end_inset + +, and the BibTeX bibliography in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Bibliography-databases" + +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -You can also prevent that the first line of the paragraph is indented. - This option works only when you have chosen to separate paragraphs with - indents in the -\family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings -\family default - dialog under -\family sans -Text\InsetSpace ~ -Layout -\family default . \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Tabular and Math +Float \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -These two menus are only active when the cursor is inside a table or a formula. - The properties of this table/formula can now be changed. - The properties of tables are described in section\InsetSpace ~ +To insert floats, described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:tables" +reference "sec:Floats" \end_inset -, the properties of formulas in chapter\InsetSpace ~ +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Note +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To insert notes, described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" +reference "sec:Notes" \end_inset @@ -30566,32 +31807,24 @@ reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Increase / Decrease List Depth +Branch \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -These menus are only active when the cursor is in an environment that can - be nested. - They in/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section\InsetSpace ~ - -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:nest" - -\end_inset +Inserts branch insets as described in section\InsetSpace ~ - and \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:numbering-depth" +reference "sec:Branches" \end_inset . \end_layout -\begin_layout Section -The View Menu +\begin_layout Subsection +File \begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Menu ! View" +name "External Material" \end_inset @@ -30599,84 +31832,72 @@ name "Menu ! View" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The -\family sans -View -\family default - menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the actual - document with an external program. - The menu entries for the viewing formats are not the same on all installations - - it depends on the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured. - All possible formats are formats listed in section\InsetSpace ~ +Here you can inserts files to include them or its content to your document. + How this can be done is in detail explained in chapter +\emph on +External Stuff +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Embedded Objects +\emph default + manual. +\end_layout -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Export" +\begin_layout Subsection +Box +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Boxes" \end_inset -. - You should at least see the menu entries -\family sans -DVI -\family default - and -\family sans -PDF\InsetSpace ~ -(pdflatex) -\family default -. - If one of the two is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation. - After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup" +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a minipage box that is described section\InsetSpace ~ -. -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Reconfiguration of LyX" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Minipages" \end_inset +. + All box types supported by LyX are explained in detail in chapter +\emph on +Boxes +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Embedded Objects +\emph default + manual. +\end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +Citation \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Invoking a menu will start a viewer program. - The viewer can be set in the preferences, see section\InsetSpace ~ +Inserts a citation as described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog" +reference "sec:Bibliography" \end_inset . - The default viewers are set by LyX while it is first configured or later - reconfigured. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset VSpace bigskip -\end_inset - -At the bottom of the -\family sans -View -\family default - menu the opened documents are listed. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -View Source +Cross-Reference \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described - in section\InsetSpace ~ +Inserts a cross-reference as described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of" +reference "sec:Cross-References" \end_inset @@ -30684,24 +31905,30 @@ reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of" \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Update +Label \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -This menu allows you to update the view with your latest changes without - opening a new view window. +Inserts a label as described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Cross-References" + +\end_inset + +. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Toolbars -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Toolbars" +Caption +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Captions" \end_inset \begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Toolbar" +name "Longtables ! Caption" \end_inset @@ -30709,92 +31936,65 @@ name "Toolbar" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -In this menu you can set the appearance of the different toolbars. - All toolbars and the -\family sans -Command\InsetSpace ~ -Buffer -\family default - can be turned on and off. - The +Inserts a caption to floats or longtables. + Floats are described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Floats" + +\end_inset + +, cations in longtables are described in section \emph on -on +Longtable Captions \emph default - state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark. - The -\family sans -Review -\family default -, -\family sans -Table -\family default -, -\family sans -Math\InsetSpace ~ -Panels -\family default -, and -\family sans -Math -\family default - toolbars can be additionally set to the state + of the \emph on -automatic +Embedded Objects \emph default - that is denoted in the menu with the suffix -\family sans -(auto) -\family default -. + manual. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -In the -\emph on -on -\emph default - state the toolbar is permanently shown, in the -\emph on -automatic -\emph default - state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment - or when a certain feature is enabled. - That means that the review toolbar will only be shown when change tracking - is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown when the cursor - is inside a formula or table, respectively. +\begin_layout Subsection +Index Entry \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -LyX's toolbars and its buttons are explained in section\InsetSpace ~ +Inserts an index entry as described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:Toolbars" +reference "sec:Index" \end_inset . \end_layout -\begin_layout Section -The Insert Menu -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Menu ! Insert" +\begin_layout Subsection +Nomenclature Entry +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Nomenclature" +\end_inset +. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Math +Table \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter\InsetSpace ~ +Inserts a table. + Tables are described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" +reference "sec:Tables" \end_inset @@ -30802,131 +32002,140 @@ reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas" \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Special Character -\begin_inset LatexCommand label -name "sub:Special-Character" +Graphics +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a graphic. + Graphics are described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Graphics" -\end_layout +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -Here you can insert the following characters: +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar \ldots{} - +\begin_layout Subsection +URL \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -End\InsetSpace ~ -of\InsetSpace ~ -Sentence Inserts an end of sentence dot as described in section\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts an URL box as described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:abbrev" +reference "sec:URL" \end_inset . \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Ordinary\InsetSpace ~ -Quote Inserts this quote: -\begin_inset Quotes erd +\begin_layout Subsection +Footnote +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a footnote, see section\InsetSpace ~ + +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Footnotes" + \end_inset -, no matter what quote type you selected in the -\family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings -\family default - dialog under -\family sans -Language -\family default . \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Single\InsetSpace ~ -Quote Inserts this quote: -\begin_inset Quotes els -\end_inset +\begin_layout Subsection +Marginal Note +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a marginal note, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\end_layout +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Marginal-Notes" -\begin_layout Description -Menu\InsetSpace ~ -Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar \menuseparator +\end_inset +. \end_layout -\begin_layout Description -Phonetic\InsetSpace ~ -Symbols -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Phonetic symbols" - -\end_inset +\begin_layout Subsection +Short Title +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a short title, see section\InsetSpace ~ -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "Language ! Phonetic symbols" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Footnotes" \end_inset - Creates a formula with a so called tipa inset. - Here you can insert commands to create IPA phonetic symbols. - For this feature you must have the LaTeX-package -\series bold -tipa -\series default +. +\end_layout -\begin_inset LatexCommand index -name "LaTeX-packages ! tipa" +\begin_layout Subsection +TeX Code +\end_layout -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts an ERT box, see section\InsetSpace ~ - installed. -\newline -For more informations about this feature we refer to the documentation - of -\series bold -tipa, -\begin_inset LatexCommand cite -key "tipa" +\begin_inset LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:ERT-Boxes" \end_inset + for a description. +\end_layout -\series default - and this -\begin_inset LatexCommand url -name "Wiki-page:\\newline " -target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX" +\begin_layout Subsection +Program Listing +\begin_inset LatexCommand index +name "Program listings" \end_inset -. -\newline -Here is the English word -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset -explanation -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset +\end_layout - in phonetic symbols: -\begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{""Ekspl@"neIS@n}}$ -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts a program listings box. + Program listings are explained in chapter +\emph on +Program Code Listings +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Embedded Objects +\emph default + manual. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Date +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Inserts the actual date in the following form: month/day/year +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +The format is independent of the document language. + LyX offers another ways to insert a date which is explained in section + +\emph on +External Material +\emph default + of the +\emph on +Embedded Objects +\emph default + manual. + There the different methods are also compared. \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -31151,7 +32360,7 @@ Here you set the document class, class options, and a Postscript driver. Document classes are described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:doc-classes" +reference "sec:Document-Classes" \end_inset @@ -31393,6 +32602,13 @@ status collapsed XeTeX is a TeX typesetting engine, an alternative for LaTeX. It natively supports Unicode while its input file is assumed to be in UTF-8 encoding. + More about using LyX with XeTeX can be found here: +\begin_inset LatexCommand url +target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XeTeX" + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -31423,7 +32639,7 @@ You can adjust here the numbering depth of sections headings as described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:numbering-depth" +reference "sub:Numbering-depth" \end_inset @@ -31538,7 +32754,7 @@ Here you can adjust the characters for the itemize levels. The itemize environment is described in section\InsetSpace ~ \begin_inset LatexCommand ref -reference "sec:itemize" +reference "sec:Itemize" \end_inset -- 2.39.2