#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 616
+\lyxformat 620
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\suppress_date false
\justification true
\use_refstyle 0
+\use_formatted_ref 0
\use_minted 0
\use_lineno 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\bullet 1 0 6 -1
\bullet 2 2 35 -1
\bullet 3 2 7 -1
-\tracking_changes true
+\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\change_bars false
\postpone_fragile_content false
\html_be_strict false
\docbook_table_output 0
\docbook_mathml_prefix 1
-\author -584632292 "Richard Kimberly Heck"
-\author -563046850 "Jean-Marc LASGOUTTES"
-\author -495245474 "Jean-Marc Lasgouttes"
-\author 177693 "x"
-\author 5863208 "ab"
-\author 47243155 "Jean-Marc"
-\author 232239728 "Owner"
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
author:
\family sans
-Version 2.
-\change_inserted 47243155 1563226038
-4
-\change_deleted 47243155 1563226038
-3
-\change_unchanged
-.x
+Version 2.4.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
To change a display style formula to an inline formula,
- place the cursor inside the formula and use
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729312
-one of
-\change_unchanged
-the shortcut
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729314
-s
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729303
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "math-mode"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729281
-
+ place the cursor inside the formula and use the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "math-mutate simple"
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
or the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change formula type
\family default
.
-
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729555
-Similarly you can use the shortcut
+ Similarly you can use the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "math-mutate equation"
to change from an inline to a display style formula.
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729557
-The same method is used to change an inline formula to a display style formula.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_deleted 232239728 1610897673
-The
-\family sans
-math toolbar
-\family default
- can be turned on in the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Toolbars
-\family default
-.
- When you click there on
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom;
- this state is visualized in the
-\family sans
-Toolbars
-\family default
- menu with a checkmark.
- When you click in this state again on
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the
-\family sans
-Toolbars
-\family default
- menu,
- the
-\family sans
-math toolbar
-\family default
- is only shown when the cursor is within a formula;
- this state is visualized by the renaming of the menu entry from
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(auto)
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610897478
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610918987
-
\family sans
Math toolbar
\family default
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610897730
The menu functionality appears to have changed,
I rewrote the paragraph for the current functionality
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
be behind the command to end it.
This space doesn't appear in the output.
When the space should appear in the output,
- the space must be followed by a
-\change_deleted 177693 1654668848
-protected
-\change_inserted 177693 1654668851
-non-breaking
-\change_unchanged
- space in normal text.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\change_deleted 177693 1654668857
-protected
-\change_inserted 177693 1654668860
-non-breaking
-\change_unchanged
- space is inserted with
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610908934
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729787
-the menu selection
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729774
+ the space must be followed by a non-breaking space in normal text.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A non-breaking space is inserted with
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 232239728 1610908788
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected; math-space"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729766
or with the menu selection
\family sans
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610908897
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\change_deleted 177693 1654668863
-Protected
-\change_inserted 177693 1654668975
-Non-Breaking Normal
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610908897
- Space
+Non-Breaking Normal Space
\family default
or
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729638
-
\family sans
Ctrl+Space
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729640
-
\family default
-Ctrl+Space
-\change_unchanged
.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612098922
-Syntax
-\change_unchanged
-Explanation
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612100879
- of Syntax Used in this Manual
-\change_unchanged
-
+Explanation of Syntax Used in this Manual
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
- denotes a space character to be input
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612098935
- by the user
-\change_unchanged
-.
+ denotes a space character to be input by the user.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-in = 2
-\change_deleted 232239728 1610909338
-,
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610909338
-.
-\change_unchanged
-54
+in = 2.54
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612176450
-
\backslash
mathrm
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
F
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612707447
-
\backslash
mathrm
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
F
\end_layout
\backslash
Lambda
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612707546
-
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
^
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612707563
-
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\backslash
phantom
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\backslash
underline
\series default
- twice
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612707977
-
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612707993
- (or as many times you want).
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted 232239728 1610990247
-It is possible to place up to 6 lines above or below characters.
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729848
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1610990434
-I put 30 over and under lines in my test so I don't know what the actual maximum is,
- but it's greater than 6.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
+ twice (or as many times you want).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
- and have the following scheme
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612709418
- (
+ and have the following scheme (
\family sans
mathtools
\family default
Options
\family default
- for this to work)
-\change_unchanged
-:
+ for this to work):
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\change_deleted 47243155 1563226130
-The
-\change_deleted -563046850 1563190969
-
\family sans
-Decoration
-\change_inserted -563046850 1563190971
Appearance
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -563046850 1563192602
-adds
-\change_inserted -563046850 1563192607
-can be used to add
-\change_unchanged
- parentheses in the selected style around the matrix
-\change_inserted -563046850 1563192780
- or to select the
+ can be used to add parentheses in the selected style around the matrix or to select the
\family sans
small
\family default
\end{smallmatrix}\bigr)$
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
.
-
-\change_inserted -563046850 1563192943
Here the parentheses have been added manually using commands
\series bold
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -563046850 1563192735
-
-\change_unchanged
Alternatively,
- parentheses can
-\change_deleted -563046850 1563192971
-either
-\change_unchanged
-be created with the commands
+ parentheses can be created with the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 47243155 1563226178
-Small inline matrices can also be obtained using
-\change_deleted 47243155 1563226182
-To set matrices into a text line,
-
-\change_unchanged
- the command
+Small inline matrices can also be obtained using the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 47243155 1563226186
- is used
-\change_unchanged
.
When it is inserted in a line a blue box with two dashed lines appears.
Adjust the matrix rows and columns as desired.
\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
- in a text line
-\change_inserted 47243155 1563226243
- with automatic delimiters around it
-\change_unchanged
-.
+ in a text line with automatic delimiters around it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-^
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612711596
-
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-C
+^C
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space into a formula.
- This is done by inserting a
-\change_deleted 177693 1654668870
-protected
-\change_inserted 177693 1654668872
-non-breaking
-\change_unchanged
- space (shortcut
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612729962
-
+ This is done by inserting a non-breaking space (shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612729965
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611160593
-What is intended here?
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
).
A
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\family sans
Space
\family default
- keystrokes after inserting the
-\change_deleted 177693 1654668881
-protected
-\change_inserted 177693 1654668883
-non-breaking
-\change_unchanged
- space
+ keystrokes after inserting the non-breaking space
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611182042
-
\begin_inset Formula $\gets\gets$
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
A=B
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611182036
-
\begin_inset Formula $\gets\gets$
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\backslash
colorbox{green
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612725771
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611193306
-This integral did not have its limits set to Display in the original document
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\maltese A\textrm{{\Large \maltese\textit{A}}}\textrm{{\tiny \maltese\textit{A}}}
\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The modulo-function is special,
because it exists in four variants.
- The variants in a
-\change_deleted -495245474 1689684546
- displayed
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684548
-n inline
-\change_unchanged
- formula are:
-\change_deleted -495245474 1689684526
-
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b\textrm{␣}} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b\textrm{␣}} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b\textrm{␣}} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b\textrm{␣}} & & a\pod b
-\end{align*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684215
-
+ The variants in an inline formula are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\align center
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684215
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684215
Command
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684215
Result
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684286
a
\backslash
mod
\end_inset
b
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684457
\begin_inset Formula $a\mod b$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684416
a
\backslash
pmod
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684474
\begin_inset Formula $a\pmod b$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row change="inserted -495245474 1689684088">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684419
a
\backslash
bmod
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684488
\begin_inset Formula $a\bmod b$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row change="inserted -495245474 1689684088">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684421
a
\backslash
pod
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684502
\begin_inset Formula $a\pod b$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In a
-\change_deleted -495245474 1689684554
-n inline
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684556
- display
-\change_unchanged
- formula
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684559
-,
-
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_deleted -495245474 1689684562
-less
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684563
-more
-\change_unchanged
- space is set before the function names for all variants
-\change_inserted -495245474 1689684688
- but
+In a display formula,
+ more space is set before the function names for all variants but
\series bold
\backslash
\series bold
b
\series default
- as argument but acts as a binary operator
-\change_unchanged
-.
+ as argument but acts as a binary operator.
-\change_deleted -495245474 1689684609
-By default the modulo-functions take only the first character following the command into account.
- To use more than one character,
- put them in \SpecialChar TeX
- braces:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d
-\end{align*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\backslash
arraycolsep
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612730022
-
\series default
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611406079
-How does units play into this?
- (cm/in/pt) Is the 2 unitless and the result takes on the units of the input value?
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
The formula number is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
behind the formula as a number in parentheses.
-\change_deleted 232239728 1611410645
-The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number.
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612727075
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611410697
-LyX appears to put the actual formula number in the raw file now
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503213
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503316
As is obvious,
commands defined in the preamble do not display `nicely' in LyX itself.
Most such commands can be defined in LyX using `math macros',
however,
which we are about to explain,
and these do display nicely.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503329
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503341
Math Macros for External Commands
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503466
Sometimes,
you may need to use a LaTeX package which defines a math command that is not natively supported in LyX.
This is easy enough to do:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503786
As of LyX 2.4,
this problem has been solved.
Just define a math macro with empty LaTeX slot!
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503714
godelnum.sty
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503742
\begin_inset FormulaMacro
\newcommand{\Godelnum}[1]{}
{\ulcorner#1\urcorner}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -584632292 1686503753
The same trick,
of course,
can be used for commands defined in the preamble.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
brace.
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
+\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & {\footnotesize \begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{array}} & & {}\label{eq:within}
\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612728717
-
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Description"
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728717
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Description"
-target "https://www.tug.org/~hvoss/PDF/mathmode.pdf"
-literal "false"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
of \SpecialChar LaTeX
's math abilities
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728849
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611367909
-Bad Link
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612728836
-
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Description"
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728836
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Description"
-target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/amsldoc.pdf"
-literal "false"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
of
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728851
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611367919
-Bad Link
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 5863208 1612728963
-
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "List"
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728963
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "List"
-target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf"
-literal "false"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
of all symbols available with \SpecialChar LaTeX
-packages
-\change_deleted 5863208 1612728966
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 232239728 1611367959
-Bad link
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
projects / lyx.git / commitdiff