-#LyX 1.6.3svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+#LyX 1.6.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 345
\begin_document
\begin_header
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-More about chemical symbols is written in
+Typesetting isotopes and chemical symbols is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Chemical Symbols and Equations
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical characters ! Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols ! chemical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example text from chemistry:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+The
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-ion reacts with two
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-ions to sodium sulfate
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The chemical equation for this is:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This chemical equation can directly be created as formula.
+ To avoid that the symbols appear italic, everything is highlighted and
+ changed by the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
+ to the upright font style.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+font styles
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+ce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that is available when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is installed.
+ After inserting
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted
+ in an intuitive way.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+H2CO3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(NH4)2S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A-B
+\backslash
+dbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\backslash
+tbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+^227
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_90
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+Th+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+<=>
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+->[
+\backslash
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Inserting a formula to a
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ box will lead to LaTeX errors.
+ In this case TeX code has to be used like for
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ the command for equation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:chem-reaction"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2Na+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+->
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Na2SO4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ the
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ package provides the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+cf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that has to be used for special cases.
+ For more information about
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+ and more examples have a look at the documentation of
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Diagrams
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
+\series bold
+amscd
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ that are explained in the following.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Amscd Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! amscd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
+ or arrows:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
+@AAA@.@VVV\\
+F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get them, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! C !
+\backslash
+CD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ is inserted to a formula.
+ A blue box appears with two dashed lines where further commands can be
+ inserted.
+ With
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ a new line is created.
+ Horizontal relations are inserted in odd, vertical in even formula lines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create the relations there are the following commands:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@<<<
+\series default
+ creates a left arrow,
+\series bold
+@>>>
+\series default
+ a right arrow, and
+\series bold
+@=
+\series default
+ a long equal sign
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@AAA
+\series default
+ creates an up arrow,
+\series bold
+@VVV
+\series default
+ an down arrow, and
+\series bold
+@|
+\series default
+ a vertical equal sign
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@.
+
+\series default
+ is a placeholder for non-existent relations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All arrows can be labeled as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Is text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
+ above the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
+ the arrow.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A
+ or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
+ beside the arrow.
+ If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As example a diagram with all possible relations:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
+@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The command for this is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@AmAA@.@VV
+\backslash
+{V
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+V@| Ctrl+Return
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Xymatrix Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! xymatrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A xymatrix is created by inserting the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In contrary to amscd diagrams, xymatrices supports diagonal and curved arrows,
+ and much more.
+ All possibilities to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained
+ in detail in the
+\emph on
+XY-pic manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Specific
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+XY-pic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Manual
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
User-defined Commands
\begin_inset Index
\end_inset
-Spitting Out To The Right
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Macro
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Append Argument
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Macro
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Eating From The Right
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-
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-Macro
-\begin_inset space ~
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-
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-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Eating From The Right
+Spitting Out To The Right
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</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
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-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
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-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Diagrams
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
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-amscd
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-xymatrix
-\series default
- that are explained in the following.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Amscd Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams ! amscd
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
- or arrows:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
-@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
-
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get them, the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
-\backslash
-CD
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
- is inserted to a formula.
- A blue box appears with two dashed lines where further commands can be
- inserted.
- With
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- a new line is created.
- Horizontal relations are inserted in odd, vertical in even formula lines.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create the relations there are the following commands:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@<<<
-\series default
- creates a left arrow,
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-\series default
- a right arrow, and
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
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-\series default
- creates an up arrow,
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-\series default
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-\series default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@.
-
-\series default
- is a placeholder for non-existent relations
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-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All arrows can be labeled as follows:
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
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- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A
- or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
- beside the arrow.
- If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As example a diagram with all possible relations:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
-@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command for this is:
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Append Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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-hphantom{
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+Eating From The Right
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
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+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-@AmAA@.@VV
-\backslash
-{V
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
-V@| Ctrl+Return
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Append Optional Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Xymatrix Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams ! xymatrix
+Eating From The Right
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-xypic
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- A xymatrix is created by inserting the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-xymatrix
-\series default
- in a formula.
- Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
- see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Matrices"
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In contrary to amscd diagrams, xymatrices supports diagonal and curved arrows,
- and much more.
- All possibilities to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained
- in detail in the
-\emph on
-XY-pic manual
-\emph default
- that you find in the menu
-\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-XY-pic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Manual
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
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-Chemical characters ! Symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Chemical equations
-\end_layout
-
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-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symbols ! chemical
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example text from chemistry:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-The
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
-\end_inset
-
--ion reacts with two
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
-\end_inset
-
--ions to sodium sulfate
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The chemical equation for this is:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This chemical equation can directly be created as formula.
- To avoid that the symbols appear italic, everything is highlighted and
- changed by the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
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-arg "font-roman"
-\end_inset
-
- to the upright font style.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-font styles
-\series bold
-
-\series default
-see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-#LyX 1.6.3svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+#LyX 1.6.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 345
\begin_document
\begin_header
\family sans
-Version 2.0.x
+Version 1.6.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Weiteres zu chemischen Symbolen steht in
+Wie Isotope und chemische Reaktionen erstellt werden, ist in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Chemische-Symbole-und"
\end_inset
-.
+ beschrieben.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
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-<features>
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-\begin_inset Text
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<features>
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
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+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_layout
+
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
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+
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+
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+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
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\backslash
prod
\begin_inset Index
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Chemische Symbole und Reaktionsgleichungen
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Chemische-Symbole-und"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+chemische Zeichen ! Symbole
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reaktionsgleichungen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbole ! chemische
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ein Beispieltext aus der Chemie:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Das
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-Ion verbindet sich mit zwei
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
+\end_inset
+
+-Ionen zu Natriumsulfat
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Die Reaktionsgleichung dazu lautet:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chemische-Reaktion}\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Diese Reaktionsgleichung kann direkt als Formel erstellt werden.
+ Damit die Symbole nicht kursiv erscheinen, markiert man sämtliche Zeichen
+ in der Formel und wandelt diese mit der Tastenkombination
+\family sans
+Alt+Z
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+R
+\family default
+ in den aufrechten Schriftstil um.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Schriftstile siehe
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Schriftstile"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Eine komfortablerer Weg chemische Formeln zu setzen, ist es den Befehl
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Befehle ! C !
+\backslash
+ce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ zu benutzen.
+ Dieser ist verfügbar, wenn das LaTeX-Paket
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pakete ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installiert ist.
+ Nachdem
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ in eine Formel eingefügt wurde, erscheint eine neue blaue Box in die chemische
+ Formeln in intuitiver Weise eingegeben werden können.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Befehl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ergebnis
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ dient nur als Abstandhalter.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+H2CO3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
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+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(NH4)2S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A-B
+\backslash
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+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\backslash
+tbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+^227
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_90
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+Th+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+<=>
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+->[
+\backslash
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Achtung:
+\series default
+ Wenn eine Formel in eine
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+-Box eingefügt wird, führt dies zu LaTeX-Fehlern.
+ In diesem Fall muss daher TeX-Code verwendet werden, wie z.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+B.
+ für
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Wird
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ benutzt, lautet der Befehl für Gleichung
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:chemische-Reaktion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+2Na+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
++
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+SO4^2-
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+->
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+Na2SO4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Außer
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ bietet das Paket
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ noch den Befehl
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Befehle ! C !
+\backslash
+cf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ für spezielle Fälle.
+ Mehr über
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+ und weitere Beispiele sind in der Dokumentation von
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ zu finden,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Diagramme
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX unterstützt zwei Typen kommutativer Diagramme:
+\series bold
+amscd
+\series default
+ und
+\series bold
+xymatrix
+\series default
+, die im Folgenden erläutert sind.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+amscd Diagramme
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagramme ! amscd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Diagramme dieses Typs stellen Beziehungen mittels horizontaler und vertikaler
+ Linien oder Pfeilen dar:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
+@AAA@.@VVV\\
+F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Um sie zu erstellen, gibt man in einer Formel den Befehl
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Befehle ! C !
+\backslash
+CD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ ein.
+ Es erscheint ein blaues Kästchen mit zwei gestrichelten Linien, in das
+ man die weiteren Befehle eingibt.
+ Mit
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+\series default
+Strg+Enter
+\family default
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ wird eine neue Zeile erstellt.
+ Horizontale Beziehungen werden in ungerade Zeilen, vertikale in gerade
+ Zeilen der Formel eingegeben.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Zum Erstellen der Beziehungen gibt es folgende Befehle:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@<<<
+\series default
+ erstellt einen Linkspfeil,
+\series bold
+@>>>
+\series default
+ einen Rechtspfeil und
+\series bold
+@=
+\series default
+ ein langes Gleichheitszeichen
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@AAA
+\series default
+ erstellt einen Pfeil nach oben,
+\series bold
+@VVV
+\series default
+ einen Pfeil nach unten und
+\series bold
+@|
+\series default
+ ein senkrechtes Gleichheitszeichen
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@.
+
+\series default
+ dient als Platzhalter für nicht vorhandene Beziehungen
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Alle Pfeile sind wie folgt beschriftbar:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wird bei horizontalen Pfeilen zwischen dem ersten und zweiten < bzw.
+ > Text eingegeben, erscheint er über dem Pfeil.
+ Wird der Text zwischen dem zweiten und dritten < bzw.
+ > eingegeben, erscheint er unter dem Pfeil.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wird bei vertikalen Pfeilen Text zwischen erstem und zweitem A bzw.
+ V eingegeben, erscheint er links neben dem Pfeil.
+ Bei Eingabe zwischen zweitem und drittem A bzw.
+ V erscheint er rechts daneben.
+ Enthält der Text ein A oder V, müssen diese Buchstaben in eine TeX-Klammer
+ gesetzt werden.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Als Beispiel ein Diagramm mit allen möglichen Beziehungen:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
+@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Der Befehl dazu lautet:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Strg+Enter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@AmAA@.@VV
+\backslash
+{V
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+V@| Strg+Enter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+xymatrix Diagramme
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagramme ! xymatrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Um Xymatrizen nutzen zu können, muss das LaTeX-Paket
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+ installiert sein.
+ Eine Xymatrix wird erstellt, indem der Befehl
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ in eine Formel eingegeben wird.
+ Dann können Sie neue Matrixspalten und -zeilen wie bei normalen Matrizen
+ hinzufügen, siehe
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrizen"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Im Gegensatz zu amscd Diagrammen, unterstützen Xymatrixen diagonale und
+ gekrümmte Pfeile und vieles mehr.
+ Alle Möglichkeiten kommutative Diagramme und Dekorationen zu erzeugen,
+ sind im Detail im
+\emph on
+XY-pic-Handbuch
+\emph default
+ erklärt, dass im Menü
+\family sans
+Hilfe\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Spezielle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handbücher\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+XY-pic-Handbuch
+\family default
+ zu finden ist.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Benutzerdefinierte Befehle
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Diagramme
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX unterstützt zwei Typen kommutativer Diagramme:
-\series bold
-amscd
-\series default
- und
-\series bold
-xymatrix
-\series default
-, die im Folgenden erläutert sind.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-amscd Diagramme
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagramme ! amscd
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
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-
-.
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-
-\begin_layout Standard
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-
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\begin_layout Section
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-
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-Chemische Symbole und Reaktionsgleichungen
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-
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-
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-
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-
-
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-
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-
-\begin_layout Quote
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-
--Ion verbindet sich mit zwei
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
-\end_inset
-
--Ionen zu Natriumsulfat
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Die Reaktionsgleichung dazu lautet:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
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-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
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+\begin_layout Bibliography
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+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
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+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ des LaTeX-Pakets
+\series bold
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+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pakete ! mhchem
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+
+\end_inset
+
+
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\begin_layout Bibliography
-#LyX 1.6.3svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+#LyX 1.6.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 345
\begin_document
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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-Versión 2.0.x
+Versión 1.6.x
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-Comandos definidos por el usuario
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comandos de usuario
-\end_layout
+Símbolos y ecuaciones químicas
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Símbolos-y-ecuaciones-químicas"
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Nota:
-\series default
- Los nombres de los comandos definidos por el usuario y macros solo pueden
- contener letras latinas.
+Química ! símbolos
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-El comando
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comandos de usuario !
-\backslash
-newcommand
+Química ! caracteres
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comandos ! N !
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+Ecuación ! química|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Muchos comandos LaTeX son demasiado largos para usarlos con frecuencia.
- Pero es posible definir nuevos comandos más cortos con el comando
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
-.
-
-\end_layout
+Química
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-El esquema del comando
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
- es:
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-newcommand{nombre nuevo de comando}[número de argumentos]
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
+Química ! iones
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-newcommand
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Iones|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-[valor opcional]{definición de comando}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+Química
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Nota:
-\series default
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-
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-\series default
- para
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
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-\series default
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-\series bold
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+\end_layout
-\backslash
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-\series default
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-
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-\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-.
-\series bold
-
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Química ! reacción
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
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-\emph default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Veamos unos ejemplos:
+Un ejemplo de texto de química:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
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-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-gr
-\series default
- para
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Longrightarrow
-\series default
-, la línea de preámbulo LaTeX es:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\begin_layout Quote
+El ión
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ reacciona con dos iones
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
-
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-
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-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+ para dar sulfato de sodio
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{(Na_{2}SO_{4})}$
\end_inset
+.
+ La ecuación química es:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:química-reacción}\end{equation}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
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-
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-
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-\begin_inset Newline newline
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+ Para evitar que los símbolos se impriman en cursiva, se selecciona todo
+ y con el atajo
+\family sans
+Alt+C
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
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-\series bold
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-\series default
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-\series bold
-1
-\series default
- indica que es el colocador para el primer argumento.
-\end_layout
+R
+\family default
+ se cambia en redonda.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
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-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+véase estilos de fuentes en
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Estilos-de-fuentes"
-\backslash
-framebox
-\series default
- se puede p.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-e.
- definir el comando
-\series bold
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+\end_layout
-\backslash
-fb
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lang english
+A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
+\lang spanish
+
\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-fb}[3]{
-\backslash
-framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
+ce
\series default
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
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-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Los dos signos dólar generan la ecuación extra necesaria para
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comandos ! C !
\backslash
-framebox
-\series default
-, véase
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-
-\end_inset
-
-.
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-\series bold
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-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
+
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+
\series bold
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\series default
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
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+status collapsed
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+Paquetes ! mhchem
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-\begin_inset Newline newline
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+\lang english
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+ After inserting
\series bold
\backslash
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+ce
\series default
-, se elige el color
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-\series default
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+ in an intuitive way.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
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<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
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\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
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-B
+H2CO3
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-us{ABcd
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-fb{[2cm]
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-{
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(NH4)2S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-{
-\backslash
-int
+ce
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-A=B
+KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cb{red
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+A-B
+\backslash
+dbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-{
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
\backslash
-int
+tbond
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-A=B
+D
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cb[green]
-\backslash
-{red
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-{
-\backslash
-int
+ce
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-A=B
+^227
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_90
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+Th+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Macros de ecuaciones
-\begin_inset Index
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comandos de usuario ! Macros de ecuaciones
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index
++
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Macros
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Los comandos definidos por el usuario son especialmente convenientes para
- expresiones complejas.
- Por ejemplo, si estás trabajando en un documento con ecuaciones cuadráticas,
- el mismo tipo de solución se repite varias veces.
- La forma general de una ecuación de segundo grado es:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-La forma general de la solución es:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+<=>
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Para definir un comando para la ecuación de la solución, en donde solo hay
- que especificar los tres parámetros
-\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
-, y
-\begin_inset Formula $q$
-\end_inset
+2CO
+\end_layout
-, y el índice de
-\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- puede darse opcionalmente, la línea de preámbulo LaTeX es
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-qG}[4][1,
-\backslash
-,2]{#2_{#1}=-
-\backslash
-frac{#3}{2}
-\backslash
-pm
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+ce
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-hphantom{
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
+CO2
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-sqrt{
-\backslash
-frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Para generar la solución se inserta el comando
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-qG{
-\backslash
-lambda
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+spce
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+->[
\backslash
-{p
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-{q
-\series default
- en una ecuación
-\series bold
-.
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-La definición del nuevo comando no es intuitiva porque hay que conocer los
- esquemas de todos los comandos LaTeX usados, p.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-e., que una fracción se inserta en LaTeX como
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-frac{numerador}{denominador}
-\series default
-.
- Además, uno puede olvidar fácilmente una llave en la definición y no puede
- ver en LyX lo que el nuevo comando está haciendo.
- Para evitar estos problemas, LyX ofrece la posibilidad de usar macros de
- ecuación en vez del comando
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
-.
+2CO}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Una macro de ecuación se crea con el menú
-\family sans
-Insertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Macro
-\family default
- o con el botón
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png
- scale 85
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- de la barra de herramientas.
- Aparecen entonces la barra de herramientes de macros de ecuación y un recuadro
- como el siguiente donde se define la macro:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/macrobox.png
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
-\end_inset
-
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lang english
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_inset FormulaMacro
-\newcommand{\qG}[4][1,\,2]{#2_{#1}=-\frac{#3}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+\lang english
+Note:
+\series default
+ Inserting a formula to a
+\series bold
\backslash
-newmacroname es el nombre por omisión y debería cambiarse por alguno sensato.
- En el primer marco azul se inserta la ecuación buscada.
- Con el comando
+ce
+\series default
+ box will lead to LaTeX errors.
+ In this case TeX code has to be used like for
+\lang spanish
+
\series bold
\backslash
-#númerodeargumento
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
\series default
-, , o con el botón
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- scale 85
+:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\end_layout
- de la barra de herramientas de macros se inserta un colocador de argumento,
- p.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-e
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Using
\series bold
\backslash
-#1
+ce
\series default
-.
- Los colocadores de argumento se muestran en rojo.
- Se pueden poner 9 argumentos como máximo.
- Con el botón
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- scale 85
+ the command for equation
+\lang spanish
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- se crean argumentos opcionales.
- El primer argumento no opcional puede transformarse en opcional con el
- botón
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- scale 85
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:química-reacción"
\end_inset
-.
- En el segundo marco azul puede definirse el aspecto de la macro en LyX.
- Normalmente quieres verlo tal como está definido, así que el recuadro se
- deja vacío.
- Pero si has creado una macro que necesita mucho espacio en la pantalla,
- en dicho recuadro puedes insertar, por ejemplo
+
+\lang english
+is
+\lang spanish
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\series bold
-qG:
-\backslash
-#1
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-,
-\series default
-\series bold
-
\backslash
-#2
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-,
-\series default
-
-\series bold
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-#3,
-\backslash
-#4
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+spce
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+2Na+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
-Para la macro solo los argumentos con el nombre delante de ellos se mostrarán
- en LyX, lo que conlleva una visualización mejor.
- La ecuación aparece en la salida tal como se ha definido en el primer recuadro.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-Además, el aspecto de las macros en las ecuaciones puede cambiarse para
- macros individuales situando el cursor en la macro y usando el menú
-\family sans
-Ver\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-(Des)plegar macro de ecuación.
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Para usar una macro, se inserta el nombre de la misma como comando en una
- ecuación, en nuestro caso
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-qG
-\series default
-.
- Nuestra macro se muestra en LyX así:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+spce
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+SO4^2-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/macrouse.png
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-Aquí tenemos nuestro ejemplo de macro con los argumentos
-\begin_inset Formula $x$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
-, y
-\begin_inset Formula $B$
-\end_inset
+->
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+Na2SO4
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Una macro de ecuación se transforma internamente en un comando
+
+\lang english
+Besides
\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand
+ce
\series default
- cuando se exporta el documento.
- El comando creado
+ the
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
+mhchem
\series default
- no se coloca en el preámbulo LaTeX, por tanto las macros solo se pueden
- usar en ecuaciones que estén en recuadros de definición de macros en el
- documento.
+ package provides the command
+\lang spanish
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Las macros de ecuación también pueden crearse directamente a partir de un
- comando
\series bold
-
+
\backslash
-newcommand
+cf
\series default
-.
- Por ejemplo, escribiendo el comando
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-larrow}[2]{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comandos ! C !
\backslash
-xleftarrow[#2]{#1}}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+cf
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series default
-como texto normal en LyX, seleccionándolo completamente y usando a continuación
- el atajo
-\family sans
-Ctrl+M
-\family default
-, el comando se transformará en una macro de ecuación.
- Al emplear este método debes tener cuidado en escribir correctamente el
- comando
+
+\lang english
+that has to be used for special cases.
+ For more information about
\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand
+cf
\series default
-, de lo contrario la macro defectuosa lleva a obtener errores LaTeX.
+ and more examples have a look at the documentation of
+\lang spanish
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Las macros de ecuación todavía tienen el problema de que fórmulas adicionales
- en definiciones de macros se manejan incorrectamente.
- Por eso el ejemplo
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fb
+mhchem
\series default
- de
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:El-comando-newcommand"
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "mhchem"
\end_inset
- no puede crearse como macro.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cuando el cursor está en un recuadro de definición de macro, verás en LyX
- la barra de herramientas de macros:
+\begin_layout Section
+Diagramas
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+Lyx soporta dos tipos de diagramas conmutativos:
+\series bold
+amscd
+\series default
+ y
+\series bold
+xymatrix
+\series default
+, que se explican a continuación.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Diagramas amscd
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagramas ! amscd
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/MacroToolbar.png
+Los diagramas de este tipo visualizan relaciones mediante líneas o flechas
+ verticales y horizontales:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@)))B@)))C\\
+@AAA@.@VVV\\
+F@(((E@(((D\end{CD}\]
\end_inset
+Para obtener el diagrama se inserta en la ecuación el comando
+\series bold
+\backslash
+CD
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Macros ! Barra de herramientas
+Comandos ! C !
+\backslash
+CD
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\series default
+.
+ Surge un marco azul entre dos líneas de trazos en el que se insertan a
+ continuación comandos.
+ Con
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Retorno
+\family default
+ se inicia una nueva línea.
+ En las líneas impares se insertan relaciones horizontales, en las pares
+ verticales.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+Para componer las relaciones hay los siguientes comandos:
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fn:sinónimos"
+
\end_inset
+Los comandos con
+\family sans
+'
+\series bold
+>
+\series default
+'
+\family default
+ o
+\family sans
+'
+\series bold
+<
+\series default
+'
+\family default
+ pueden generar errores con el estilo
+\series bold
+spanish
+\series default
+ de
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+ Para evitarlo se pueden sustituir por sus sinónimos
+\family sans
+'
+\series bold
+)
+\series default
+'
+\family default
+ y
+\family sans
+'
+\series bold
+(
+\series default
+'
+\family default
+ respectivamente.
+ Véase
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "spanish"
+
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+.
+ (
+\emph on
+N.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-La barra de herramientas de macros contiene los siguientes botones:
+del t.
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+@<<<
+\series default
+ genera una flecha hacia la izquierda,
+\series bold
+@>>>
+\series default
+ una hacia la derecha, y
+\series bold
+@=
+\series default
+ un signo igual largo
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\series bold
+@AAA
+\series default
+ genera una flecha hacia arriba,
+\series bold
+@VVV
+\series default
+ una hacia abajo, y
+\series bold
+@|
+\series default
+ un signo igual vertical
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+@.
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Quitar último argumento
+\series default
+ genera una ubicación vacía para relaciones inexistentes
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Todas las flechas pueden etiquetarse como sigue:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Si se inserta texto entre el primero y el segundo
+\series bold
+<
+\series default
+ o
+\series bold
+>
+\series default
+, respectivamente, se muestra sobre la flecha.
+ Si se inserta entre el segundo y el tercero, bajo la flecha.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Para flechas verticales, si se inserta texto entre la primera y la segunda
+
+\series bold
+A
+\series default
+ o
+\series bold
+V
+\series default
+, respectivamente, se muestra al lado izquierdo de la flecha.
+ Si se inserta entre la segunda y la tercera, al lado derecho.
+ Si el texto contiene A o V, estas letras deben ponerse entre llaves TeX.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Como ejemplo un diagrama con todas las relaciones posibles:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@)j))B@))k)C@=F\\
+@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
+D@((j\,(E@)k))F@=C\end{CD}\]
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+El comando para este diagrama es:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Añadir argumento
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Hacer opcional el primer
+A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Retorno
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\backslash
+CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-argumento no opcional
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-\end_inset
+}
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+@AmAA@.@VV
+\backslash
+{V
+\series default
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Hacer no opcional el primer
+\series bold
+V@| Ctrl+Retorno
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\backslash
+CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-argumento opcional
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
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+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
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\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
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-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Diagramas xymatrix
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+Diagramas ! xymatrix
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Para usar matrices xy debe estar instalado el paquete LaTeX
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+.
+ Una matriz xy se crea insertando el comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ en una ecuación.
+ Después podrás añadir nuevas columnas y filas como en matrices normales,
+ véase
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A diferencia de los diagramas amscd, las matrices xy soportan flechas diagonales
+ y curvadas, y mucho más.
+ Todas las posibilidades para generar diagramas conmutativos y decoraciones
+ se explican en el
+\emph on
+Manual de XY-pic
+\emph default
+ que se encuentra en el menú
+\family sans
+Ayuda\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Manuales
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+específicos
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Comandos definidos por el usuario
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comandos de usuario
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Quitar último argumento
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
+\series bold
+Nota:
+\series default
+ Los nombres de los comandos definidos por el usuario y macros solo pueden
+ contener letras latinas.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
\end_layout
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-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+El comando
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:El-comando-newcommand"
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Añadir argumento comiendo
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
+Comandos de usuario !
\backslash
-hphantom{
+newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+Comandos ! N !
+\backslash
+newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
-desde la derecha
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Standard
+Muchos comandos LaTeX son demasiado largos para usarlos con frecuencia.
+ Pero es posible definir nuevos comandos más cortos con el comando
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+El esquema del comando
+\series bold
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ es:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
-\family sans
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Añadir argumento opcional
+\backslash
+newcommand{nombre nuevo de comando}[número de argumentos]
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\backslash
-hphantom{
+phantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\backslash
+newcommand
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-comiendo desde la derecha
+[valor opcional]{definición de comando}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Nota:
+\series default
+ Asegúrate de que el nombre del nuevo comando no está definido ya en el
+ documento o en paquetes LaTeX que uses.
+ Si p.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+ defines el comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+le
+\series default
+ para
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Leftarrow,
+\series default
+ se producirán errores porque
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+le
+\series default
+ ya existe como comando para
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\le$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
+.
+\series bold
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\align center
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Diagramas
+\begin_layout Standard
+El número de argumentos es un entero en el rango 0-9 y especifica cuántos
+ argumentos debería tener el nuevo comando.
+ Con el valor opcional se puede predefinir un valor para un argumento opcional.
+ Cuando se hace esto, el
+\emph on
+primer
+\emph default
+ argumento del nuevo comando es automáticamente opcional.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Lyx soporta dos tipos de diagramas conmutativos:
+Veamos unos ejemplos:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Para definir el comando
\series bold
-amscd
+
+\backslash
+gr
\series default
- y
+ para
\series bold
-xymatrix
-\series default
-, que se explican a continuación.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Diagramas amscd
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\backslash
+Longrightarrow
+\series default
+, la línea de preámbulo LaTeX es:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagramas ! amscd
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Los diagramas de este tipo visualizan relaciones mediante líneas o flechas
- verticales y horizontales:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@)))B@)))C\\
-@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@(((E@(((D\end{CD}\]
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+gr}{
+\backslash
+Longrightarrow}
+\end_layout
-Para obtener el diagrama se inserta en la ecuación el comando
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Para definir el comando
\series bold
\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+us
+\series default
+ para
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comandos ! C !
\backslash
-CD
-\end_layout
+underline
+\series default
+, el argumento (que sería subrayado) debe tenerse en cuenta.
+ Para esto la línea de preámbulo es:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+us}[1]{
+\backslash
+underline{#1}}
\series default
-.
- Surge un marco azul entre dos líneas de trazos en el que se insertan a
- continuación comandos.
- Con
-\family sans
-Ctrl+Retorno
-\family default
- se inicia una nueva línea.
- En las líneas impares se insertan relaciones horizontales, en las pares
- verticales.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Para componer las relaciones hay los siguientes comandos:
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fn:sinónimos"
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Los comandos con
-\family sans
-'
+El carácter
\series bold
->
+#
\series default
-'
-\family default
- o
-\family sans
-'
+ actúa como colocador del argumento, el
\series bold
-<
+1
\series default
-'
-\family default
- pueden generar errores con el estilo
+ indica que es el colocador para el primer argumento.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Para
\series bold
-spanish
+
+\backslash
+framebox
\series default
- de
+ se puede p.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+ definir el comando
\series bold
-babel
+
+\backslash
+fb
\series default
-.
- Para evitarlo se pueden sustituir por sus sinónimos
-\family sans
-'
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
\series bold
-)
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+fb}[3]{
+\backslash
+framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
\series default
-'
-\family default
- y
-\family sans
-'
+
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Los dos signos dólar generan la ecuación extra necesaria para
\series bold
-(
+
+\backslash
+framebox
\series default
-'
-\family default
- respectivamente.
- Véase
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "spanish"
+, véase
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Cuadros-con-marco"
\end_inset
.
- (
-\emph on
-N.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-del t.
-\emph default
-)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Para crear un nuevo comando para
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\series default
+ donde no es necesario especificar el color para el cuadro, el argumento
+ para el color se define opcional:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
-@<<<
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+cb}[3][white]{
+\backslash
+fcolorbox{#2}{#1}{$#3$}}
\series default
- genera una flecha hacia la izquierda,
+
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Si el color no es especificado al usar
\series bold
-@>>>
+
+\backslash
+cb
\series default
- una hacia la derecha, y
+, se elige el color
\series bold
-@=
+white
\series default
- un signo igual largo
+ predefinido.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Standard
+Un ensayo con los nuevos comandos definidos:
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-@AAA
-\series default
- genera una flecha hacia arriba,
-\series bold
-@VVV
-\series default
- una hacia abajo, y
-\series bold
-@|
-\series default
- un signo igual vertical
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comando
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Resultado
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-@.
+\backslash
+raisebox
\series default
- genera una ubicación vacía para relaciones inexistentes
+ se usa sólo como espaciador
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Todas las flechas pueden etiquetarse como sigue:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Si se inserta texto entre el primero y el segundo
-\series bold
-<
-\series default
- o
-\series bold
->
-\series default
-, respectivamente, se muestra sobre la flecha.
- Si se inserta entre el segundo y el tercero, bajo la flecha.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Para flechas verticales, si se inserta texto entre la primera y la segunda
-
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
-\series default
- o
-\series bold
-V
-\series default
-, respectivamente, se muestra al lado izquierdo de la flecha.
- Si se inserta entre la segunda y la tercera, al lado derecho.
- Si el texto contiene A o V, estas letras deben ponerse entre llaves TeX.
+\backslash
+gr
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+us{ABcd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+fb{[2cm]
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A=B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+cb{red
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A=B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+cb[green]
+\backslash
+{red
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A=B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Macros de ecuaciones
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comandos de usuario ! Macros de ecuaciones
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macros
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Los comandos definidos por el usuario son especialmente convenientes para
+ expresiones complejas.
+ Por ejemplo, si estás trabajando en un documento con ecuaciones cuadráticas,
+ el mismo tipo de solución se repite varias veces.
+ La forma general de una ecuación de segundo grado es:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+La forma general de la solución es:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Para definir un comando para la ecuación de la solución, en donde solo hay
+ que especificar los tres parámetros
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $p$
+\end_inset
+
+, y
+\begin_inset Formula $q$
+\end_inset
+
+, y el índice de
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\end_inset
+
+ puede darse opcionalmente, la línea de preámbulo LaTeX es
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+qG}[4][1,
+\backslash
+,2]{#2_{#1}=-
+\backslash
+frac{#3}{2}
+\backslash
+pm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+sqrt{
+\backslash
+frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Para generar la solución se inserta el comando
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+qG{
+\backslash
+lambda
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{p
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{q
+\series default
+ en una ecuación
+\series bold
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La definición del nuevo comando no es intuitiva porque hay que conocer los
+ esquemas de todos los comandos LaTeX usados, p.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., que una fracción se inserta en LaTeX como
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac{numerador}{denominador}
+\series default
+.
+ Además, uno puede olvidar fácilmente una llave en la definición y no puede
+ ver en LyX lo que el nuevo comando está haciendo.
+ Para evitar estos problemas, LyX ofrece la posibilidad de usar macros de
+ ecuación en vez del comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Una macro de ecuación se crea con el menú
+\family sans
+Insertar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Macro
+\family default
+ o con el botón
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ de la barra de herramientas.
+ Aparecen entonces la barra de herramientes de macros de ecuación y un recuadro
+ como el siguiente donde se define la macro:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/macrobox.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset FormulaMacro
+\newcommand{\qG}[4][1,\,2]{#2_{#1}=-\frac{#3}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#3^{2}}{4}-#4}}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+newmacroname es el nombre por omisión y debería cambiarse por alguno sensato.
+ En el primer marco azul se inserta la ecuación buscada.
+ Con el comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#númerodeargumento
+\series default
+, , o con el botón
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-param.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ de la barra de herramientas de macros se inserta un colocador de argumento,
+ p.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#1
+\series default
+.
+ Los colocadores de argumento se muestran en rojo.
+ Se pueden poner 9 argumentos como máximo.
+ Con el botón
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ se crean argumentos opcionales.
+ El primer argumento no opcional puede transformarse en opcional con el
+ botón
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ En el segundo marco azul puede definirse el aspecto de la macro en LyX.
+ Normalmente quieres verlo tal como está definido, así que el recuadro se
+ deja vacío.
+ Pero si has creado una macro que necesita mucho espacio en la pantalla,
+ en dicho recuadro puedes insertar, por ejemplo
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+qG:
+\backslash
+#1
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#2
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#3,
+\backslash
+#4
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+Para la macro solo los argumentos con el nombre delante de ellos se mostrarán
+ en LyX, lo que conlleva una visualización mejor.
+ La ecuación aparece en la salida tal como se ha definido en el primer recuadro.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Además, el aspecto de las macros en las ecuaciones puede cambiarse para
+ macros individuales situando el cursor en la macro y usando el menú
+\family sans
+Ver\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+(Des)plegar macro de ecuación.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Para usar una macro, se inserta el nombre de la misma como comando en una
+ ecuación, en nuestro caso
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+qG
+\series default
+.
+ Nuestra macro se muestra en LyX así:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/macrouse.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Aquí tenemos nuestro ejemplo de macro con los argumentos
+\begin_inset Formula $x$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+, y
+\begin_inset Formula $B$
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Una macro de ecuación se transforma internamente en un comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ cuando se exporta el documento.
+ El comando creado
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ no se coloca en el preámbulo LaTeX, por tanto las macros solo se pueden
+ usar en ecuaciones que estén en recuadros de definición de macros en el
+ documento.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Las macros de ecuación también pueden crearse directamente a partir de un
+ comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+.
+ Por ejemplo, escribiendo el comando
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+larrow}[2]{
+\backslash
+xleftarrow[#2]{#1}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+como texto normal en LyX, seleccionándolo completamente y usando a continuación
+ el atajo
+\family sans
+Ctrl+M
+\family default
+, el comando se transformará en una macro de ecuación.
+ Al emplear este método debes tener cuidado en escribir correctamente el
+ comando
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+, de lo contrario la macro defectuosa lleva a obtener errores LaTeX.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Las macros de ecuación todavía tienen el problema de que fórmulas adicionales
+ en definiciones de macros se manejan incorrectamente.
+ Por eso el ejemplo
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fb
+\series default
+ de
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:El-comando-newcommand"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ no puede crearse como macro.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cuando el cursor está en un recuadro de definición de macro, verás en LyX
+ la barra de herramientas de macros:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/MacroToolbar.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Macros ! Barra de herramientas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La barra de herramientas de macros contiene los siguientes botones:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Como ejemplo un diagrama con todas las relaciones posibles:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@)j))B@))k)C@=F\\
-@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@((j\,(E@)k))F@=C\end{CD}\]
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-El comando para este diagrama es:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Quitar último argumento
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Retorno
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Añadir argumento
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hacer opcional el primer
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-@AmAA@.@VV
-\backslash
-{V
-\series default
+argumento no opcional
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\series bold
-V@| Ctrl+Retorno
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hacer no opcional el primer
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\backslash
-CD
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+argumento opcional
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Diagramas xymatrix
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagramas ! xymatrix
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Para usar matrices xy debe estar instalado el paquete LaTeX
-\series bold
-xypic
-\series default
-.
- Una matriz xy se crea insertando el comando
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-xymatrix
-\series default
- en una ecuación.
- Después podrás añadir nuevas columnas y filas como en matrices normales,
- véase
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Matrices"
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Quitar argumento opcional
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-A diferencia de los diagramas amscd, las matrices xy soportan flechas diagonales
- y curvadas, y mucho más.
- Todas las posibilidades para generar diagramas conmutativos y decoraciones
- se explican en el
-\emph on
-Manual de XY-pic
-\emph default
- que se encuentra en el menú
-\family sans
-Ayuda\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Manuales
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-específicos
-\family default
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Indicaciones
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring{
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insertar argumento opcional
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Otras sugerencias útiles para matemáticas en
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Voss"
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}{}
-\end_layout
-
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Quitar último argumento
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring se usa para evitar que la nota al pie aparezca en los marcadores
- PDF.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Más sobre
\backslash
-texorpdfstring hay en la sección
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Ecuaciones-en-encabezados"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Indicaciones
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+yendo hacia la derecha
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Símbolos y ecuaciones químicas
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Símbolos-y-ecuaciones-químicas"
-
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Química ! símbolos
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Química ! caracteres
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Añadir argumento comiendo
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ecuación ! química|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Química
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-
+desde la derecha
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Química ! iones
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Añadir argumento opcional
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Iones|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Química
+Editar\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ecuación\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definición de macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-
+comiendo desde la derecha
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Química ! reacción
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Un ejemplo de texto de química:
+\begin_layout Section
+Indicaciones
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+texorpdfstring{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-El ión
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
\end_inset
- reacciona con dos iones
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
-\end_inset
- para dar sulfato de sodio
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{(Na_{2}SO_{4})}$
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Otras sugerencias útiles para matemáticas en
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Voss"
+
\end_inset
.
- La ecuación química es:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\]
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Esta ecuación química puede componerse directamente en modo ecuación.
- Para evitar que los símbolos se impriman en cursiva, se selecciona todo
- y con el atajo
-\family sans
-Alt+C
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-R
-\family default
- se cambia en redonda.
-\begin_inset Foot
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-véase estilos de fuentes en
+
+\backslash
+texorpdfstring se usa para evitar que la nota al pie aparezca en los marcadores
+ PDF.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Más sobre
+\backslash
+texorpdfstring hay en la sección
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Estilos-de-fuentes"
+reference "sub:Ecuaciones-en-encabezados"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Indicaciones
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentación"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ del paquete LaTeX
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetes ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-#LyX 1.6.3svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+#LyX 1.6.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 345
\begin_document
\begin_header
\family sans
-Version 2.0.x
+Version 1.6.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-int
+sum
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes ! I !
+Commandes ! S !
\backslash
-int
+sum
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-oint
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\oint$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+int
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Commandes ! I !
\backslash
-ointctrclockwise
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\ointctrclockwise$
-\end_inset
-
-
+int
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-ointclockwise
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\ointclockwise$
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sqint
+oint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqint$
+\begin_inset Formula $\oint$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-fint
+ointctrclockwise
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\fint$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ointctrclockwise$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-landupint
+ointclockwise
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\landupint$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ointclockwise$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-landdownint
+sqint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\landdownint$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqint$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-sum
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes ! S !
-\backslash
-sum
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
prod
\begin_inset Index
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Commandes personnalisées
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Commandes-personnalisées"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes personnalisées
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Les noms des commandes personnalisées ne peuvent contenir que des lettres
- latines.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-La commande
-\backslash
-newcommand
+Symboles et équations chimiques
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:La-commande-newcommand"
+name "sub:Symboles-chimiques"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes personnalisées !
-\backslash
-newcommand
+Equations@Équations chimiques
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes ! N !
-\backslash
-newcommand
+Symboles ! chimiques
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-De nombreuses commandes LaTeX sont trop longues pour être utilisées fréquemment.
- Mais on peut définir de nouvelles commandes plus courtes avec la commande
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes ! N !
-\backslash
-newcommand
+Un exemple de texte de chimie:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
+L'ion
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
\end_inset
- .
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-La syntaxe de
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
- est:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{nom de la nouvelle commande}[nombre d'arguments][valeur optionnelle]
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+réagit avec deux ions
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
+ pour donner du sulfate de sodium
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
\end_inset
+.
+ La réaction chimique peut être mise sous la forme:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:réaction-chimique}\end{equation}
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cette équation chimique peut être créée directement sous la forme d'une
+ formule.
+ Pour éviter que les symboles apparaissent en italiques, sélectionnez tout
+ et mettez-le dans la police droite avec le raccourci
+\family sans
+Alt+C
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-{définition de la commande}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+R
+\family default
+ .
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Style de polices, voir
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Styles-de-polices"
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Vérifiez que le nom de la nouvelle commande n'est pas déjà utilisé par
- votre document ou par un des paquetages LaTeX que vous utilisez.
- Si par exemple, vous tentez de définir la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-le
-\series default
- pour
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Leftarrow
-\series default
-, vous aurez un message d'erreur puisque
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-le
-\series default
- est déjà définie comme étant la commande pour le symbole
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\le$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Le nombre d'arguments est un entier entre 0 et 9 et il précise le nombre
- d'argument que la commande doit avoir.
- Avec la valeur optionnelle, on peut prédéfinir une valeur pour un argument
- optionnel.
- Quand on utilise cette valeur, le
-\emph on
-premier
-\emph default
-argument de la nouvelle commande est automatiquement l'argument optionnel.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Voici quelques exemples:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Pour définir la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-gr
-\series default
- pour
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Longrightarrow
-\series default
-, la ligne à insérer dans le préambule LaTeX est:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-gr}{
-\backslash
-Longrightarrow}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Pour définir la commande
-\series bold
+\lang english
+A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
+\lang french
-\backslash
-us
-\series default
- pour
\series bold
\backslash
-underline
+ce
\series default
-, l'argument (qui doit être souligné) doit être pris en compte.
- Pour cela, la ligne à insérer dans le préambule est:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes ! C !
\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-us}[1]{
-\backslash
-underline{#1}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Le caractère
-\series bold
-#
-\series default
- agit comme un argument formel, le
-\series bold
-1
-\series default
- derrière lui indique qu'il représente le premier argument.
+ce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Pour remplacer la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-framebox
-\series default
- on peut par exemple définir, la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fb
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-fb}[3]{
-\backslash
-framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Les deux dollars créent une formule supplémentaire pour la commande
+
+\lang english
+that is available when the LaTeX-package
+\lang french
+
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-framebox
+mhchem
\series default
-, voir
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boîtes-avec-cadre"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetages ! mhchem
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Pour créer une nouvelle commande pour remplacer
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fcolorbox
-\series default
- où la couleur de la boîte n'aurait pas besoin d'être précisée, l'argument
- pour la couleur est défini comme optionnel:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-cb}[3][white]{
-\backslash
-fcolorbox{#2}{#1}{$#3$}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Quand la couleur n'est pas définie lors d'une utilisation de
+
+\lang english
+is installed.
+ After inserting
\series bold
\backslash
-cb
-\series default
-, la couleur prédéfinie
-\series bold
-white
+ce
\series default
- est utilisée par défaut.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Un test des nouvelles commandes:
+ to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted
+ in an intuitive way.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\series bold
\backslash
-raisebox est seulement utilisée pour faire de la place
+raisebox
+\series default
+ est seulement utilisée pour faire de la place
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+H2CO3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+(NH4)2S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A-B
+\backslash
+dbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\backslash
+tbond
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+^227
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+_90
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+Th+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+<=>
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+CO2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+->[
+\backslash
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2CO}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\lang english
+Note:
+\series default
+ Inserting a formula to a
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ box will lead to LaTeX errors.
+ In this case TeX code has to be used like for
+\lang french
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+ce{$
+\backslash
+mu
+\backslash
+hyphen$Cl}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Using
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ the command for equation
+\lang french
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:réaction-chimique"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+is
+\lang french
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2Na+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+SO4^2-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+->
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Na2SO4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Besides
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ce
+\series default
+ the
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ package provides the command
+\lang french
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes ! C !
+\backslash
+cf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+that has to be used for special cases.
+ For more information about
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cf
+\series default
+ and more examples have a look at the documentation of
+\lang french
+
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Diagrammes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX gère deux types de diagrammes commutatifs; amscd
+\series bold
+ et xymatrix
+\series default
+ qui sont décrits dans ce qui suit.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Les diagrammes amscd
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrammes ! amscd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Des diagrammes de ce type visualisent les relations par des lignes verticales
+ ou horizontales ou encore des flèches:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
+@AAA@.@VVV\\
+F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pour les obtenir, on insère la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes ! C !
+\backslash
+CD
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ dans une formule.
+ Une boîte bleue apparaît avec deux lignes en pointillé entre lesquelles
+ on peut insérer d'autres commandes.
+ On crée une nouvelle ligne avec
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Entrée
+\family default
+.
+ Les relations horizontales sont insérées dans les lignes impaires et les
+ relations verticales dans les lignes paires.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pour créer les relations, il y a les commandes suivantes:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@<<<
+\series default
+ crée une flèche gauche,
+\series bold
+@>>>
+\series default
+ une flèche droite, et
+\series bold
+@=
+\series default
+ un long signe égal
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@AAA
+\series default
+ crée une flèche vers le haut,
+\series bold
+@VVV
+\series default
+ une flèche vers le bas, et
+\series bold
+@|
+\series default
+ un signe égal vertical
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+@.
+
+\series default
+ sert de remplissage pour une relation inexistante
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Toutes les flèches peuvent être étiquetées de la façon suivante:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Si le texte est inséré entre les deux premiers < ou >, il est placé au dessus
+ de la flèche.
+ Quand il est placé entre le deuxième et le troisième, il apparaît sou la
+ flèche.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Quand le texte destiné à une flèche verticale est inséré entre le premier
+ et le second A ou V, il est placé sur le côté gauche de la flèche.
+ Si il est inséré entre le deuxième et le troisième, il apparaît à droite
+ de la flèche.
+ Si le texte contient un A ou un V, ces lettres doivent être placées entre
+ des accolades TeX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Comme exemple, un diagramme avec toutes les relations possibles:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
+@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La commande pour l'obtenir:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Entrée
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+@AmAA@.@VV
+\backslash
+{V
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+V@| Ctrl+Entrée
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+hphantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+CD
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Les diagrammes xymatrix
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrammes ! xymatrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pour pouvoir utiliser des xymatrices, on doit installer le paquetage LaTeX
+
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+.
+ Une xymatrice est créée en insérant la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ dans une formule.
+ Ensuite vous pouvez ajouter de nouvelles lignes et de nouvelles colonnes
+ comme pour une matrice normale, voir
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Contrairement aux diagrammes amscd, les xymatrices acceptent les flèches
+ diagonales ou courbes et plus encore.
+ Toutes les possibilités pour créer des diagrammes commutatifs et leurs
+ décorations sont expliquées en détail dans ce
+\emph on
+manuel pour XY-pic
+\emph default
+que vous trouverez dans le menu
+\family sans
+Aide\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Manuels
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+spécifiques\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Manuel
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pour
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+XY-pic
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Commandes personnalisées
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Commandes-personnalisées"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes personnalisées
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Les noms des commandes personnalisées ne peuvent contenir que des lettres
+ latines.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+La commande
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:La-commande-newcommand"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes personnalisées !
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes ! N !
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+De nombreuses commandes LaTeX sont trop longues pour être utilisées fréquemment.
+ Mais on peut définir de nouvelles commandes plus courtes avec la commande
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commandes ! N !
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ .
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La syntaxe de
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\series default
+ est:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{nom de la nouvelle commande}[nombre d'arguments][valeur optionnelle]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+phantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+{définition de la commande}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Vérifiez que le nom de la nouvelle commande n'est pas déjà utilisé par
+ votre document ou par un des paquetages LaTeX que vous utilisez.
+ Si par exemple, vous tentez de définir la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+le
+\series default
+ pour
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Leftarrow
+\series default
+, vous aurez un message d'erreur puisque
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+le
+\series default
+ est déjà définie comme étant la commande pour le symbole
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\le$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Le nombre d'arguments est un entier entre 0 et 9 et il précise le nombre
+ d'argument que la commande doit avoir.
+ Avec la valeur optionnelle, on peut prédéfinir une valeur pour un argument
+ optionnel.
+ Quand on utilise cette valeur, le
+\emph on
+premier
+\emph default
+argument de la nouvelle commande est automatiquement l'argument optionnel.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Voici quelques exemples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pour définir la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+gr
+\series default
+ pour
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Longrightarrow
+\series default
+, la ligne à insérer dans le préambule LaTeX est:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+gr}{
+\backslash
+Longrightarrow}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pour définir la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+us
+\series default
+ pour
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underline
+\series default
+, l'argument (qui doit être souligné) doit être pris en compte.
+ Pour cela, la ligne à insérer dans le préambule est:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+us}[1]{
+\backslash
+underline{#1}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Le caractère
+\series bold
+#
+\series default
+ agit comme un argument formel, le
+\series bold
+1
+\series default
+ derrière lui indique qu'il représente le premier argument.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pour remplacer la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+framebox
+\series default
+ on peut par exemple définir, la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fb
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+fb}[3]{
+\backslash
+framebox#1#2{$#3$}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Les deux dollars créent une formule supplémentaire pour la commande
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+framebox
+\series default
+, voir
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Boîtes-avec-cadre"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pour créer une nouvelle commande pour remplacer
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\series default
+ où la couleur de la boîte n'aurait pas besoin d'être précisée, l'argument
+ pour la couleur est défini comme optionnel:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+cb}[3][white]{
+\backslash
+fcolorbox{#2}{#1}{$#3$}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Quand la couleur n'est pas définie lors d'une utilisation de
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cb
+\series default
+, la couleur prédéfinie
+\series bold
+white
+\series default
+ est utilisée par défaut.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Un test des nouvelles commandes:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commande
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Résultat
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ est seulement utilisée pour faire de la place
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Éditer\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Définition
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-de
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ajouter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-l'argument
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-optionnel
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-en
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Éditer\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Définition
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-de
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-intégrant
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-depuis
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-la
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-droite
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Diagrammes
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX gère deux types de diagrammes commutatifs; amscd
-\series bold
- et xymatrix
-\series default
- qui sont décrits dans ce qui suit.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Les diagrammes amscd
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrammes ! amscd
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Des diagrammes de ce type visualisent les relations par des lignes verticales
- ou horizontales ou encore des flèches:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
-@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
-
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pour les obtenir, on insère la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commandes ! C !
-\backslash
-CD
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-\series default
- dans une formule.
- Une boîte bleue apparaît avec deux lignes en pointillé entre lesquelles
- on peut insérer d'autres commandes.
- On crée une nouvelle ligne avec
\family sans
-Ctrl+Entrée
-\family default
-.
- Les relations horizontales sont insérées dans les lignes impaires et les
- relations verticales dans les lignes paires.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pour créer les relations, il y a les commandes suivantes:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@<<<
-\series default
- crée une flèche gauche,
-\series bold
-@>>>
-\series default
- une flèche droite, et
-\series bold
-@=
-\series default
- un long signe égal
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@AAA
-\series default
- crée une flèche vers le haut,
-\series bold
-@VVV
-\series default
- une flèche vers le bas, et
-\series bold
-@|
-\series default
- un signe égal vertical
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\series bold
-@.
-
-\series default
- sert de remplissage pour une relation inexistante
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Toutes les flèches peuvent être étiquetées de la façon suivante:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Si le texte est inséré entre les deux premiers < ou >, il est placé au dessus
- de la flèche.
- Quand il est placé entre le deuxième et le troisième, il apparaît sou la
- flèche.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Quand le texte destiné à une flèche verticale est inséré entre le premier
- et le second A ou V, il est placé sur le côté gauche de la flèche.
- Si il est inséré entre le deuxième et le troisième, il apparaît à droite
- de la flèche.
- Si le texte contient un A ou un V, ces lettres doivent être placées entre
- des accolades TeX.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Comme exemple, un diagramme avec toutes les relations possibles:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
-@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-La commande pour l'obtenir:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Entrée
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+Éditer\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Définition
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
+de
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ajouter
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
+l'argument
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-@AmAA@.@VV
-\backslash
-{V
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+optionnel
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
-V@| Ctrl+Entrée
+en
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
+Éditer\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Définition
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+de
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+macro\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Les diagrammes xymatrix
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrammes ! xymatrix
-\end_layout
-
+intégrant
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+depuis
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pour pouvoir utiliser des xymatrices, on doit installer le paquetage LaTeX
-
-\series bold
-xypic
-\series default
-.
- Une xymatrice est créée en insérant la commande
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-xymatrix
-\series default
- dans une formule.
- Ensuite vous pouvez ajouter de nouvelles lignes et de nouvelles colonnes
- comme pour une matrice normale, voir
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Matrices"
-
+la
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+droite
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Contrairement aux diagrammes amscd, les xymatrices acceptent les flèches
- diagonales ou courbes et plus encore.
- Toutes les possibilités pour créer des diagrammes commutatifs et leurs
- décorations sont expliquées en détail dans ce
-\emph on
-manuel pour XY-pic
-\emph default
-que vous trouverez dans le menu
-\family sans
-Aide\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Manuels
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-spécifiques\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Manuel
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-pour
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-XY-pic
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Symboles et équations chimiques
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Symboles-chimiques"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Equations@Équations chimiques
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symboles ! chimiques
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Un exemple de texte de chimie:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-L'ion
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{SO_{4}^{2-}}$
-\end_inset
-
-réagit avec deux ions
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Na^{+}}$
-\end_inset
-
- pour donner du sulfate de sodium
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(\mathrm{Na_{2}SO_{4}}\right)$
-\end_inset
-
-.
- La réaction chimique peut être mise sous la forme:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cette équation chimique peut être créée directement sous la forme d'une
- formule.
- Pour éviter que les symboles apparaissent en italiques, sélectionnez tout
- et mettez-le dans la police droite avec le raccourci
-\family sans
-Alt+C
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-R
-\family default
- .
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Style de polices, voir
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Styles-de-polices"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "mhchem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ paquetage LaTeX
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetages ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
projects / features.git / commitdiff