dist_iddoc_DATA = \
id/Intro.lyx \
id/Shortcuts.lyx \
- id/Tutorial.lyx \
- id/UserGuide.lyx
+ id/Tutorial.lyx
idclipartdocdir = $(iddocdir)/clipart
dist_idclipartdoc_DATA = \
--- /dev/null
+#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 503
+\begin_document
+\begin_header
+\origin unavailable
+\textclass scrbook
+\begin_preamble
+% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
+%
+% This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints
+% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
+% parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you
+% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
+% the documentation team
+% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
+
+% for correct jump positions whe clicking on a link to a float
+\usepackage[figure]{hypcap}
+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
+% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
+\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \frontmatter
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
+ \myTOC
+ \mainmatter }
+
+% define a short command for \textvisiblespace
+\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
+
+% macro for italic page numbers in the index
+\newcommand{\IndexDef}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+
+% for customized page headers/footers
+% only needed because they are only used in one section of the document
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+% change header rule width
+\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{2pt}
+
+% workaround for a makeindex bug,
+% see sec. "Index Entry Order"
+% only uncomment this when you are using makindex
+%\let\OrgIndex\index
+%\renewcommand*{\index}[1]{\OrgIndex{#1}}
+
+% the following added in Bahasa Indonesia Version
+% to follow the most common style (centered chapters) in Indonesia
+\addtokomafont{chapterentry}{\centering}
+\addtokomafont{chapter}{\centering}
+\end_preamble
+\options refpage,intoc,bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,captions=tableheading
+\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+customHeadersFooters
+enumitem
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
+\language bahasa
+\language_package default
+\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
+\font_sans "lmss" "default"
+\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
+\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
+\font_sc false
+\font_osf false
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\graphics default
+\default_output_format pdf2
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command bibtex
+\index_command default
+\paperfontsize 12
+\spacing single
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_title "Petunjuk Penggunaan LyX"
+\pdf_author "Tim LyX"
+\pdf_subject "LyX"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX"
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
+\pdf_bookmarksopen false
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder false
+\pdf_colorlinks true
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle false
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
+\papersize default
+\use_geometry false
+\use_package amsmath 1
+\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
+\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
+\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
+\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\notefontcolor #0000ff
+\branch Question
+\selected 1
+\filename_suffix 0
+\color #00ff00
+\end_branch
+\branch Answer
+\selected 0
+\filename_suffix 0
+\color #aa55ff
+\end_branch
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
+\secnumdepth 3
+\tocdepth 2
+\paragraph_separation indent
+\paragraph_indentation default
+\quotes_language english
+\papercolumns 1
+\papersides 2
+\paperpagestyle default
+\tracking_changes false
+\output_changes false
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict true
+\end_header
+
+\begin_body
+
+\begin_layout Title
+Petunjuk Penggunaan \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Author
+oleh Tim \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\noindent
+Petunjuk dalam Bahasa Indonesia ini disunting oleh
+\noun on
+Waluyo Adi Siswanto
+\noun default
+.
+ Apabila anda mempunyai komentar atau menemukan kesalahan yang perlu dikoreksi,
+ silakan kirim komentar ke mailing list \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Versi 2.0.x
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Versi PDF terkini dapat diperoleh disini:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
+/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Pendahuluan
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Apakah \SpecialChar LyX
+?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ adalah suatu sistem pengaturan dokumen yang digunakan untuk menyiapkan
+ manuskrip makalah, buku, surat bisnis, proposal, juga dapat digunakan untuk
+ menulis puisi.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ tidak seperti
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+pengolah kata
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ lainnya.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ menggunakan paradigma bahasa perubahan sebagai inti dari gaya penyuntingan,
+ yaitu apabila anda menulis judul bab, maka anda hanya perlu menandainya
+ sebagai
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Bab
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, tidak perlu menyatakan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Huruf Tebal, ukuran 17
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt, rata kiri, jarak ke baris berikutnya 5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ yang akan mengatur semuanya itu.
+ Anda hanya perlu memikirkan tentang isi dan konsep, bukan bagaimana pengaturan
+ penulisannya.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Filosopi ini dijelaskan pada buku panduan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Pengantar
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Apabila belum membacanya, sangat disarankan anda membacanya terlebih dahulu
+ sebelum melanjutkan mempelajari buku panduan ini.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dalam buku panduan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Pengantar
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, selain menjelaskan tentang filosofi \SpecialChar LyX
+, juga menjelaskan tentang format
+ penulisan yang digunakan di semua buku panduan.
+ Oleh karena itu anda perlu meluangkan waktu untuk membacanya terlebih dahulu.
+ Buku panduan lain yang disarankan dipelajari sebelum membaca buku panduan
+ ini adalah buku panduan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bagaimana Tampilan \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Seperti umumnya aplikasi program lain, \SpecialChar LyX
+ mempunyai kotak menu utama di bagian
+ atas jendela kerja.
+ Dibagian bawahnya ada kotak bantuan yang berisi satu kotak pilihan serta
+ berbagai tombol bantuan.
+ Selain itu, ada gulungan vertikal dan area kerja utama untuk menyunting
+ dokumen.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ada satu hal yang perlu anda ketahui, anda tidak akan menemukan gulungan
+ horisontal.
+ Hal ini bukanlah karena kutu program atau fitur yang terlupakan, tetapi
+ merupakan kesengajaan.
+ Teks yang ditulis dalam area kerja \SpecialChar LyX
+ akan selalu diteruskan di baris bawahnya
+ apabila melewati batas jendela kerja.
+ Oleh karena itu, \SpecialChar LyX
+ tidak memerlukan gulungan horisontal, cukup menggunakan
+ gulungan vertikal.
+ Mungkin ada tiga alasan mengapa anda masih memerlukan gulungan horisontal.
+ Yang pertama adalah apabila anda mempunyai gambar yang berukuran besar.
+ Untuk mengatasi hal ini, yang anda perlu lakukan adalah mengatur skala
+ gambar di \SpecialChar LyX
+ agar bisa ditampilan seluruhnya di area kerja \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Alasan yang kedua dan ketiga adalah berkaitan dengan tabel dan persamaan
+ yang melebihi area kerja.
+ Untuk tabel, anda bisa menggunakan tombol panah untuk menggeser kursor
+ dalam tabel pada arah horisontal.
+ Namun demikian, hal ini belum dapat dilakukan untuk persamaan yang panjang
+ dan melebihi area kerja.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Penjelasan ringkas tentang semua menu \SpecialChar LyX
+ serta tombol bantuan yang ada, silahkan
+ membaca di Lampiran
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:The-User-Interface"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Hampir semua menu dapat dipahami dengan sendirinya dari nama menu.
+ Namun demikian anda dapat memperoleh penjelasan lanjut pada sub-bab dalam
+ Lampiran
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:The-User-Interface"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+BANTUAN
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bantuan yang disediakan adalah dalam bentuk buku panduan \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Anda dapat membaca
+\emph on
+semua
+\emph default
+ buku panduan dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Caranya sangat mudah, dari menu
+\family sans
+Bantuan
+\family default
+, kemudian pilihlah buku panduan yang ingin anda baca.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Pengaturan \SpecialChar LyX
+ Dasar
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ada beberapa fitur \SpecialChar LyX
+ dapat diatur dari dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+, tanpa melakukan perubahan
+ atau menyunting secara langsung pada berkas konfigurasinya.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ mampu memeriksa sistem anda untuk melihat perangkat lunak, class dokumen
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, serta paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ yang tersedia.
+ Dengan kemampuan ini, \SpecialChar LyX
+ menggunakannya untuk menentukan pengaturan bawaan
+ yang ada dalam
+\family sans
+Preferensi
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preferensi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Walaupun pengaturan konfigurasi bawaan sudah dilakukan ketika proses instalasi
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+, anda masih mempunyai keleluasaan untuk menambah program tambahan secara
+ lokal, misalnya \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ class, yang sebelumnya belum dikenal oleh \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Untuk memaksa \SpecialChar LyX
+ untuk memeriksa ulang sistem anda, maka anda perlu menggunakan
+
+\family sans
+AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Konfigurasi Ulang
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Konfigurasi Ulang \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Setelah proses konfigurasi ulang, anda harus menjalankan ulang \SpecialChar LyX
+ untuk memastika
+n semua perubahan diterapkan dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Pengaturan \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Anda dapat menyunting dokumen dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+ tanpa instalasi \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, namun demikian anda
+ tidak akan bisa melihat atau mebuat PDF atau mencetak dokumen tanpa \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ Apabila dokumen anda menggunakan DocBook, maka anda akan dapat menghasilkan
+ PDF atau yang setara, selain itu semua dokumen dalam DocBook akan mempunyai
+ keluaran sebagai plain text atau XHTML.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Beberapa class dokumen menggunakan kombinasi class \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ atau DocBook atau paket
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ Anda dapat menggunakan class dokumen tersebut walaupun anda tidak memiliki
+ berkas yang seharusnya sudah dipasang.
+ Tentu saja anda tidak dapat melihat hasil keluaran tanpa semua berkas terpasang
+ di sistem anda.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Semua paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ yang sudah dideteksi ada dalam sistem anda dapat dilihat melalui
+ menu
+\family sans
+Bantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Konfigurasi
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\family default
+.
+ Apabila ada paket-paket yang belum terpasang, anda perlu melakukan instalasi
+ paket kemudian konfigurasi ulang (menu
+\family sans
+AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Konfigurasi
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Ulang
+\family default
+).
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The two braces in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box prevent that the term
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ from being printed with sub- and superscript letters.
+ More about \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the printout of proper names like \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Konfigurasi Ulang \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Informasi tentang bagaimana melakukan instalasi tambahan paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, silahkan
+ lihat sub-bab 5.1 dari buku panduan
+\emph on
+Perubahan dan Pengaturan
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Bagaimana Menggunakan \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Dasar Penggunaan Berkas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Penggunaan Berkas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Semua penggunaan berkas dapat dimulai dari menu
+\family sans
+Berkas
+\family default
+ serta ada di kotak bantuan dalam bentuk ikon tombol bantuan.
+ Beberapa menu yang berkaitan dengan berkas adalah:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Baru
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-new"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Baru
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dari
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Templet
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Buka
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+berkas
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Tutup
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Simpan
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-write"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Simpan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ke
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Nama
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lain
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Berkas
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Kontrol
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Versi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Impor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Ekspor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Keluar
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Secara umum, hampir semua operasi berkas mirip dengan yang ada di pengolah
+ kata.
+ Hanya saja di \SpecialChar LyX
+ ada sedikit perbedaan.
+ Apabila membuka berkas baru dari The
+\family sans
+Berkas\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Baru
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Templet,
+\family default
+bukan hanya menuntun anda untuk memberi nama berkas tetapi juga memilih
+ templet yang akan anda gunakan.
+ Dengan memilih templet secara otomatis akan mengatur fitur utama tataletak
+ dokumen, sedangkan fitur lainnya dapat anda atur sendiri.
+ Templet mungkin menggunakan kelas dokumen tertentu (lihat subbab
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+berkas
+\family default
+ serta
+\family sans
+Kontrol
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Versi
+\family default
+ sangat berguna apabila anda bersama teman-teman anda menyunting berkas
+ dokumen yang sama
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Apabila anda akan melakukan hal ini, anda perlu mempelajari fitur Kontrol
+ Versi yang ditulis di buku panduan
+\emph on
+Fitur Tambahan
+\emph default
+\SpecialChar endofsentence
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+berkas
+\family default
+ akan memuat ulang dokumen dari cakra.
+ Anda dapat menggunakan operasi
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+berkas
+\family default
+ untuk mengabaikan perubahan yang sudah anda lakukan dan mengembalikan ke
+ berkas terakhir yang anda simpan.
+ Dengan operasi berkas
+\family sans
+Kontrol
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Versi,
+\family default
+anda dapat mendaftarkan catatan perubahan pada dokumen sehingga orang lain
+ akan dapat mengenali perubahan yang telah anda lakukan.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Dasar Fitur Penyuntingan
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Penyuntingan
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Seperti pengolah kata modern lainnya, operasi penyuntingan dengan potong
+ dan tempel dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+ dapat dipraktekkan untuk teks, berupa karakter, kata,
+ maupun keseluruhan halaman atau bahkan lebih dari satu halaman.
+ Pada empat subbab berikut akan menjelaskan fitur penyuntingan yang ada
+ dalam \SpecialChar LyX
+ dan bagaimana memanfaatkannya.
+ Kita akan memulai dari potong dan tempel.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Seperti yang anda perkirakan, menu
+\family sans
+Suntingan
+\family default
+ dan kotak bantuan standar menyediakan perintah potong dan tempelkan serta
+ fitur suntingan lainnya.
+ Beberapa perintah suntingan perlu pembahasan khusus sehingga dikelompokkan
+ dalam pembahasan subbab berikutnya.
+ Perintah suntingan utama adalah:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Potong
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Salin
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Tempelkan
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Tempelkan
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+yg
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+terkini
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Tempelkan
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Spesial
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Cari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Tiga perintah suntingan yang pertama dapat dipahami dari nama perintahnya
+ sendiri.
+ Hanya ada beberapa catatan: apabila anda memilih dan menandai teks di dokumen
+ anda, maka secara otomatis akan tersimpam di papan klip.
+ Tombol
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+ dan
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ juga berfungsi sebagai perintah
+\family sans
+Potong
+\family default
+.
+ Selain itu yang paling penting, jika anda memilih dan menandai teks, harap
+ hati-hati: jika anda menekan salah satu tombol, maka \SpecialChar LyX
+ akan menghapus teks
+ yang anda pilih tadi dan mengganti dengan dengan huruf atau karakter yang
+ anda tekan.
+ Untuk mengembalikannya, anda perlu melakukan perintah
+\family sans
+Batalkan
+\family default
+ agar teks dikembalikan seperti semula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tempelkan
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Anda dapat dapat menyalin teks di \SpecialChar LyX
+ juga dari program lainnya menggunakan
+
+\family sans
+Potong
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Salin
+\family default
+ dan
+\family sans
+Tempelkan
+\family default
+.
+ Anak menu
+\family sans
+Tempelkan
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+yg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+terkini
+\family default
+ akan menampilkan daftar teks yang terakhir anda tempelkan.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dari menu Suntingan
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Tempelkan
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+spesial, Teks
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+biasa,
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Disambungkan
+\family default
+akan menyisipkan teks yang tersimpan di papan klip sedemikian sehingga teks
+ yang disisipkan dalam
+\emph on
+satu
+\emph default
+ paragraf.
+ Paragraf baru akan dimulai apabila ada baris kosong.
+ Tanpa pilihan
+\family sans
+Disambungkan
+\family default
+, teks disisipkan sebagai paragraf baru, dimana setiap ganti baris menjadi
+ awal paragraf.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ganti
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cari
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Menu
+\family sans
+Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+(Cepat)
+\family default
+ akan membuka jendela dialog
+\family sans
+Cari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Ganti
+\family default
+.
+ Apabila anda sudah menemukan kata atau ekspresi yang anda cari, \SpecialChar LyX
+ akan menandain
+ya.
+ Dengan menekan tombol
+\family sans
+Ganti
+\family default
+, kata yang ditemukan tadi akan digantikan dengan teks yang ada di area
+
+\family sans
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+dengan
+\family default
+.
+ Anda bisa meneruskan pencarian dengan menekan tombol Berikutnya.
+ Jika anda menekan tombol
+\family sans
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Semua
+\family default
+ maka semua kata yang ada di dokumen akan diganti seketika secara otomatis.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Apabila anda ingin mempertimbangkan huruf besar/kecil, anda perlu menggunakan
+ menu
+\family sans
+Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+(Lengkap)
+\family default
+.
+ Pada dialog
+\family sans
+Cari
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Ganti
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+(Lengkap)
+\family default
+anda bisa mengatur pencarian yang anda inginkan.
+ Apabila anda mengkatifkan pilihan
+\family sans
+Pertimbangkan
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+huruf
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+besar/kecil
+\family default
+ , maka pencarian kata
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Test
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ akan berbeda dengan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+test
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Pilihan
+\family sans
+Seluruh
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kata
+\family default
+ akan memaksa \SpecialChar LyX
+ hanya mencari kata tersebut, misalnya pencarian
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+star
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ tidak akan menemukan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+starlet
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers also an advanced
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+ feature that is described in sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Beberapa sisipan tambahan berformat, seperti nota, ambangan, dll., dapat
+ diuraikan.
+ Maknanya apabila tanda sisipan dihilangkan, maka isinya akan berubah menjadi
+ teks normal.
+ Cara menguraikan sisipan tambahan adalah dengan meletakkan kursor di lokasi
+ paling depan dalam kotak sisipan kemudian menekan tombol ketik
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ atau meletakkan kursor di bagian akhir dalam kotak sisipan kemudian menekan
+ tombol ketik
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The content of an inset is selected using the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "inset-select-all"
+\end_inset
+
+, the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "command-sequence buffer-begin ; buffer-end-select"
+\end_inset
+
+ selects the whole document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Batalkan dan Kembalikan
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Kembalikan
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Batalkan
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Jika anda membuat kesalahan anda dapat dengan mudah membatalkannya.
+ Anda perlu ke menu Suntingan
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Batalkan
+\family default
+atau dari tombol bantuan
+\family sans
+
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
+\end_inset
+
+ untuk membatalkan apa yang baru saja anda lakukan.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ mempunyai kemampunyan menyimpan dalam kapasitas yang besar untuk membatalkan/m
+engembalikan.
+ Saat ini mekanisme simpanan maksimum adalah sampai 100
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kali.
+ Apabila secara tidak sengaja anda melakukan proses pembatalan yang terlebih,
+ anda bisa mengembalikannya dari menu
+\family sans
+Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Kembalikan
+\family default
+ atau dengan menekan tombol
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Apabila anda mengembalikan perubahan sampai ke kondisi dokumen saat terakhir
+ disimpan, status dokumen
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ada perubahan
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ tidak akan menjadi normal kembali seperti tidak ada perubahan.
+ Hal ini karena anda sebenarnya melakukan perubahan pada dokumen.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Proses
+\family sans
+Batalkan
+\family default
+ dan
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\family default
+ dapat dilakukan untuk apa saja di \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Namun demikian proses
+\family sans
+Batalkan
+\family default
+ dan
+\family sans
+Kembalikan
+\family default
+ pada teks tidak dilakukan untuk setiap karakter, tetapi berlaku untuk kumpulan
+ teks.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Penggunaan Tetikus
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Penggunaan Tetikus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Berikut ini adalah dasar pengunaan tetikus.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Memindah Kursor
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Tekan atau klik
+\emph on
+tombol tetikus kiri
+\emph default
+ sekali di daerah jendela kerja \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Kursor akan mengikuti dan berkedip tepat di tempat anda menekan tombol
+ kiri tetikus.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Memilih dan Menandai Teks
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Tekan dan tahan
+\emph on
+tombol kiri tetikus
+\emph default
+ kemudian seret tetikus.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ akan menandai teks mulai dari awal kursor sebelum diseret sampai ke tempat
+ posisi kursor setelah diseret.
+ Gunakan
+\family sans
+Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Salin
+\family default
+ untuk membuat salinan teks dalam simpanan \SpecialChar LyX
+ (dan papan klip).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pindahkan kursor ke tempat lain kemudian tempelkan teks yang disimpan ke
+ lokasi baru, menggunakan
+\family sans
+Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\family default
+Tempelkan.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Sisipan Tambahan (Catatan kaki, Nota, Ambangan, etc.)
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\emph on
+Klik-kanan
+\emph default
+ pada sisipan tambahan untuk melihat propertinya.
+ Anda perlu membaca pada bab tertentu di buku panduan ini untuk penjelasan
+ lebin terperinci.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Section
+Navigasi
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Navigating"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Navigasi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you several ways to navigate in documents:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+The
+\family sans
+Navigate
+\family default
+ menu lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can
+ click to jump to the corresponding document part.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+The `Outline', which is accessed either by the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Outline
+\family default
+ or by the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+You can set bookmarks in your document under
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ and use the same menu to return to them.
+ Note that bookmarks are saved between sessions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+\end_inset
+
+ (also
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
+NavigateBack
+\family default
+) jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.
+ This is useful when you have a large document and have navigated or scrolled
+ to another document part to look for something, and want to go back to
+ your last editing position.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\lang english
+The Outliner
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The Outline was known in earlier versions of \SpecialChar LyX
+ as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+TOC
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, since its original purpose was to display the document's table of contents.
+ The Outline has become much more powerful now, however.
+ In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
+ several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
+ of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
+ces (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand formatted
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or notes, or citations (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand formatted
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your
+ document.
+ The Outline has become much more powerful now, however.
+ In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
+ several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
+ of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
+ces (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand formatted
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or notes, or of citations (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand formatted
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your
+ document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Right-clicking on elements in the Outline will in many cases open a context
+ menu that will allow for direct modification of those elements.
+ For example, with citations, the context menu allows you to open the citation
+ dialog and to modify the citation.
+ Right-clicking a change will allow you to accept or reject it.
+ And so on.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The `Filter' field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
+ in the Outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
+ wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sub:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the filter, and only entries containing that text will be displayed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+At the bottom of the outline are several buttons and the like that allow
+ you further to control the display.
+ The
+\family sans
+Sort
+\family default
+ option sorts the current list alphabetically.
+ Otherwise, the elements appear in the order in which they occur in the
+ document.The
+\family sans
+Keep
+\family default
+ option keeps it in the current view state.
+ Keeping means that when you have e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and 4 shown and click on section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3, the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and 4 will still be shown.
+ Without the
+\family sans
+Keep
+\family default
+ option they will be hidden to highlight the clicked section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3.
+ Finally, the slider at the left can be used to open the Outline to a given
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+depth
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is best just to experiment with it to see how it works.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "reload"
+\end_inset
+
+ button refreshes the TOC (though this should not usually be necessary).
+ Next to it are buttons that allow you to change the position of sections
+ in your document.
+ The
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "outline-down"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "outline-up"
+\end_inset
+
+ buttons move sections up and down in the document.
+ So, for example, you can move section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 before section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4 or after section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.6.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.
+ With the buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "outline-out"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "outline-in"
+\end_inset
+
+ (or the corresponding key bindings
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Shift-Tab
+\family default
+) you can change the level of sections.
+ So you can for example make section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3 or to subsection
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4.1.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Masukan / Melengkapi Kata
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Input-Completion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Masukan kata
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Melengkapi kata|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Masukan kata
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ menyediakan data kata-kata untuk mempercepat proses penyuntingan dari hasil
+ memindai kata-kata dalam dokumen yang sedang dibuka.
+ Semua kata-kata yang ada dalam dokumen disimpan dalam basis data untuk
+ digunakan melengkapi kata saat proses penyuntingan.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Pengaturan bawaan \SpecialChar LyX
+ untuk melengkapi kata adalah dalam bentuk yang paling
+ sederhana yaitu menggunakan tampilan kursor segitiga sebagai tanda bahwa
+ sudah ada kata tersedia.
+ Anda tinggal menggunakan tombol
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ untuk melengkapi kata.
+ Apabila ada beberapa pilihan kata tersedia, jendela kecil akan muncul dan
+ menampilkan kata-kata tersebut.
+ Anda dapat memilih dengan menggunakan tetikus atau tombol panah, kemudian
+ menetapkan pilihan dengan menekan tombol
+\family sans
+Enter
+\family default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Untuk menghilangkan tanda melengkapi segitiga, anda perlu mengubah pengaturan
+ bawaan dari menu
+\family sans
+AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferensi
+\family default
+ kemudian dari seksi Penyuntingan
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cara
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Melengkapi
+\family default
+anda perlu melepaskan pilihan
+\family sans
+ Indikator kursor
+\family default
+.
+ Sedangkan pengaturan
+\family sans
+Melengkapi kata otomatis pada baris
+\family default
+, pilihan kata akan ditampilkan pada baris dibelakang posisi kursor.
+ Untuk menerima saran kata yang muncul pada baris, anda cukup menekan tombol
+
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+.
+ Apabila menggunakan pengaturan
+\family sans
+Menampilkan jendela pilihan otomatis
+\family default
+, maka jendela pilihan kata akan selalu ditampilkan.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ mempunyai berbagai pengaturan melengkapi kata untuk yang sudah mahir.
+ Pengaturan lanjut akan dapat ditemui di subbab.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Input-Completion-Appendix"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Gabungan tombol ketik
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Gabungan tombol ketik
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Gabungan tombol|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Gabungan tombol ketik
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pintasan|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Gabungan tombol
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ada dua peta utama untuk gabungan tombol ketik: CUA dan Emacs.
+ Bawaan \SpecialChar LyX
+ menggunakan CUA.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Beberapa tombol ketik, seperti
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Up
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Down
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Left
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Right
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+, dan
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+, sudah dapat berfungsi seperti yang anda harapkan.
+ Namun demikian beberapa tombol ketik mungkin perlu dipahami fungsinya.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Tab
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Tab"
+description "Tombol ketik Tabulator"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ LyC tidak memfungsikan tombol ini sebagai hentian tab.
+ Apabila anda belum memahaminya anda silahkan sekarang membaca terlebih
+ dahulu subbab
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dan
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, juga subbab
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Ya, sekarang juga.
+ Apabila anda masih merasa belum mengerti juga, mungkin anda perlu membaca
+ dan mengikuti
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Esc
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Esc"
+description "Tombol ketik Escape"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Tombol ini digunakan sebagai
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+tombol pembatalan.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ Secara umum tombol ini memang digunakan untuk membatalkan penyuntingan.
+ Buku petunjuk ini juga akan membahas lebih terperinci tentang pemanfaatannya.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Home
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dan
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+ Tombol
+\family sans
+Home
+\family default
+ akan memindahkan kursor ke bagian awal dari baris dan tombol
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+ memindah kursor ke bagian akhir baris.
+ Jika anda menggunakan peta Emacs,
+\family sans
+Home
+\family default
+ memindah ke bagian awal berkas sementara
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+ memindah kursor ke bagian akhir berkas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ada tiga tombol ketik pengubah:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Control
+\family default
+ (Diseluruh buku petunjuk Disingkat dengan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Ctrl"
+description "Tombol ketik Control"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) Tombol ini mempunyai beberapa fungsi, tergantung dengan tombol ketik lain
+ yang dikombinasikan:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Dengan
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ atau
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+, akan menghapus seluruh kata bukan hanya satu karakter.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Dengan
+\family sans
+Left
+\family default
+ atau
+\family sans
+Right
+\family default
+, akan menggerakkan kursor satu kata kekiri atau kekanan.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Dengan
+\family sans
+Home
+\family default
+ atau
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+, akan memindah kursor ke bagian awal dokumen atau ke bagian akhir dokumen.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ (Dalam buku petunjuk disebut dengan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Shift"
+description "Tombol ketik Shift"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) Tombol ini digunakan untuk menandai teks dengan tombol panah, dimulai
+ dari posisi awal ke sampai berhenti menggerakkan.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+ (Dalam buku petunjuk disebut dengan
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Alt"
+description "Tombol ketik Alt atau tombol ketik Meta"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) Sebagian besar papan ketik mempunyai tombol Alt, hanya beberapa papan
+ ketik yang menggunakan tombol Meta.
+ Jika anda memiliki keduanya, anda harus mencoba untuk memastikan tombol
+ yang benar-benar aktif sebagai
+\family sans
+ Alt+
+\family default
+ fungsi.
+ Tombol ini memiliki berbagai kegunaan selain berfungsi sebagai tombol
+\emph on
+pemercepat menu
+\emph default
+.
+ Apabila anda menggunakan dengan kombinasi huruf dibawah menu, berarti and
+ memilih menu tersebut.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Misalnya, urutan menekan tombol
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Alt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+u
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+p
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ akan membawa anda ke dialog
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Corak dan Gaya Teks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Menekan tombol
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Alt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+e
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ akan membuka menu
+\family sans
+Berkas
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Buku petunjuk
+\emph on
+Pintasan
+\emph default
+ memberikan daftar berbagai kombinasi perintah yang dinyatakan dengan tombol
+ ketik
+\family sans
+ Alt
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Anda akan banyak menemukan berbagai gabungan tombol ketik serta pintasan
+ yang digunakan di \SpecialChar LyX
+, karena setiap perintah gabungan akan menampilkan aksi
+ yang anda lakukan serta pilihan gabungan tombol ketik lain yang bisa anda
+ pilih di jendela status bawah.
+ Notasi gabungan tombol ketik yang muncul akan mirip dengan yang digunakan
+ di buku petunjuk, sehingga tidak membingungkan anda.
+ Namun demikian untuk tombol Shift akan dinyatakan secara eksplisit, sehingga
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Alt+P Shift-A
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ berarti
+\family sans
+Alt+P
+\family default
+ diikuti dengan menulis huruf besar
+\family sans
+A
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Anda bisa melihat berbagai perintah gabungan melalui menu
+\family sans
+AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferensi
+\family default
+ kemudian dari
+\family sans
+Penyuntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cara
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pintas
+\family default
+ seperti dijelaskan di subbab
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ Dasar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Dasar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tipe Dokumen
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dokumen ! Tipe
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Pendahuluan
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
+ need to decide what type of document you want to edit.
+ Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,
+ numbering schemes, and so on.
+ Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,
+ and format the title of your document differently.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A
+\emph on
+document class
+\emph default
+ describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.
+ By setting the document class, you automatically select these properties,
+ making it easier to create the type of document you want.
+ If you don't choose a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
+ picks one for you by default.
+ So it is up to you to change the class of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from \SpecialChar LyX
+, and how
+ to adjust their properties.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Classes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Classes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Document-Classes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can select a class using the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document Class
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+ Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
+ you may need.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Overview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are four standard document classes in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ They are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Article for basic articles
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Report for basic reports
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Book for writing a book
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Letter for US-style letters
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also some non-standard classes, which \SpecialChar LyX
+ only uses if you have installed
+ the corresponding \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ class files, though most \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distributions will include
+ many of these.
+ Here are some of the classes.
+ The full list with detailed explanations can be found in chapter
+\emph on
+Special Document Classes
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+A&A Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysics
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+ACS For submissions to the journals published by the American Chemistry
+ Society
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+AGU For submissions to the journals published by the American Geophysical
+ Union
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+AMS Layouts for articles and books in the style and format used by the American
+ Mathematical Society (AMS).
+ There are three article layouts available.
+ The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems etc., that
+ prepends the section number to the number of the result.
+ All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced
+ together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sequential numbering
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers
+ them throughout the article in a single sequence.
+ Each type of result gets its own sequence.
+ There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Beamer Layout for presentations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Broadway Layout for writing plays.
+ It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ document class, but a new one which is distributed
+ with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Chess Layout to write about chess games
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Curriculum
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+vitae classes to create curriculum vitae
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Elsarticle Layout for journals of the Elsevier publishing group
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Foils Used to make transparencies
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Hollywood Used to type spec scripts for the US film industry.
+ It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ document class, but a new one which is distributed
+ with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+IEEEtran Layout for the journals published by the Institute of Electrical
+ and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+IOP Layout for journals of the Institute of Physics publishing group
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Kluwer Layout for journals of the Kluwer publishing group
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+KOMA-Script a replacement for the standard classes, offers many useful features
+ like caption formatting, automatic print space calculation etc.
+ (Is used by this document.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Memoir another replacement for the standard classes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Powerdot Layout for presentations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+REVTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+X is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
+ Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
+ of America (OSA).
+ This class is not completely compatible with all \SpecialChar LyX
+ features.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Slides Used to make transparencies
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+SPIE
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society
+ for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Springer Layouts for journals of the Springer publishing group
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We won't go into any detail about how to use these different document classes
+ here.
+ You can find all the details about the non-standard classes in Chapter
+ 6 of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ Here, we will settle with a list of some of the common properties of all
+ of the document classes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Availability
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+New users are sometimes puzzled by the fact that many of the document classes
+ listed under
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document Class
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+are marked as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Unavailable
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Or they are surprised that, when they open e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+the
+\family sans
+iop-article
+\family default
+ template, they receive a warning saying that the document requires files
+ that are not installed to produce output.
+ So it seems that something is wrong.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+But nothing is wrong.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ includes many more document classes than you will ever need to use, and
+ some of them, like
+\family sans
+IOP
+\family default
+, are highly specialized.\SpecialChar LyX
+ tries to support as many different types of documents
+ as possible, and it includes almost one hundred different layout files,
+ with a growing number.
+ No \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution will install by default all files that might be needed
+ by some document class.
+ There are just too many of them.
+ That is why some of the document classes are unavailable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If there is a document class you would like to use that is marked as `Unavailabl
+e', you need to install the appropriate package files.
+ The easiest way to find out which files you need to install is to use that
+ document class for a new file.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will display a dialog that will list the missing files.
+ See section
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual for information on how to install them.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides support for many different sorts of documents, it does
+ not include support for every document class people might want to use.
+ For example, many universities provide \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ class files to be used for dissertation
+s submitted to those universities.
+ The \SpecialChar LyX
+ team cannot write layout files to support every one of these.
+ There are too many.
+ Fortunately, users can write their own layout files, and many users have
+ done so.
+ Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual contains information on how to create layout files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Modules
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Modules"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Modules load additional features that are not by default available in the
+ chosen document class.
+ For example you might want to write Braille (embossed printing) in a document.
+ This is not available in any document class, so you have to load the correspond
+ing module in the
+\family sans
+Modules
+\family default
+ section of the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+ Highlighting a module in the dialog will bring up a description of the
+ module.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some modules require \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages that are not always installed by default.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will warn you if you do not have the needed package.
+ You can still use the module while editing your file, but you will not
+ be able to export to PDF or print your document, since \SpecialChar LyX
+ will not be able
+ to compile the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file without the missing package.
+ If you want to be able to produce output, then you need to install the
+ missing package and then reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
+ by selecting
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Reconfigure
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ See section
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual for more information on installing needed packages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules are incompatible.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will advise you about these things.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Local Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Local Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Modules are to \SpecialChar LyX
+ much as packages are to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+: They are intended to be used in
+ a variety of different documents, and if you often find yourself needing
+ the same sort of thing in different documents, you should consider writing
+ a module for this purpose.
+ Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, and you
+ find yourself wanting a specific inset or character style, but only that
+ one time.
+ You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+ What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Local Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ See section
+\emph on
+Local Layout
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual for information on how to use it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Properties
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Each class has a default set of options.
+ Here's a quick table describing them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Page style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Sides
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Columns
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Max.
+ sectioning level
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+article
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Section
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+report
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+book
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Headings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Two
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+letter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+none
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You're probably also wondering what
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Max.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sectioning level
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means.
+ There are several paragraph environments used to create section headings.
+ Different document classes allow different types of section headings.
+ Only two use the
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+ heading.
+ Some document classes, such as the ones for letters, don't use any section
+ headings.
+ In addition to
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+ headings, there are also
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\family default
+ headings,
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+ headings, and so on.
+ We'll describe these headings fully in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Headings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Document-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The most important properties of documents classes are set in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+ There in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field under
+\family sans
+Documents
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Class
+\family default
+, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated
+ list.
+ This is only necessary if \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't support special options you want to
+ use for your document.
+ To learn more about your favorite \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-class and its options, you have to read
+ its manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The drop box
+\family sans
+Headings style
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page.
+ You can choose between the following five options:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ Use default page style of current class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Empty
+\family default
+ No page numbers or headings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Plain
+\family default
+ Page numbers only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Headings
+\family default
+ Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.
+ Whether \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the current chapter or the current section depends on the
+ maximum sectioning level of the class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Fancy
+\family default
+ This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
+ have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! fancyhdr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+ How they are defined is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The separation of paragraphs is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paper Size and Orientation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Paper size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You'll find the following options in the menu
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ of the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog
+\family sans
+:
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Paper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+ What size paper to print on.
+ The choices are
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+A3, A4,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+A5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+B3, B4, B5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+US letter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+US legal
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+US executive
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Custom
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Orientation
+\family default
+ To choose whether to output as
+\family sans
+Landscape
+\family default
+ or as
+\family sans
+Portrait
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Two-sided
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+document
+\family default
+ Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.
+ That means that the print space for odd- and even-numbered pages is different.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Margins
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Margins"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Margins
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margins
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Paper margins are set in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use a KOMA-Script document class, you can use the default settings.
+ Because KOMA-Script calculates then the printspace automatically by taking
+ the paper format and the font size into account.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Important Note
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you change a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
+ has to convert
+\emph on
+everything
+\emph default
+ into the new class.
+ That includes the paragraph environments.
+ Some paragraph environments are standard, in so far as all of the document
+ classes have them; but some classes have special paragraph environments.
+ If this is the case, and you change the document class, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will mark the
+ paragraphs whose styles it no longer understands as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unknown
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The name of the style is retained, in case you should want to go back to
+ the old class.
+ But these paragraphs will be output with no special formatting, so you
+ will either need to create a new style yourself or else to convert these
+ paragraphs manually to a style present in your new document class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Paragraph Indentation and Separation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Indentation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Par-indent-intro"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
+ say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
+ Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
+ Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
+ If you choose indentation for paragraphs the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+ paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,
+ etc., is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ indented.
+ Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
+ Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document
+ language than English.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the used language.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
+ and text — in fact, all of the spacings for just about everything are pre-coded
+ into \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ takes care of that.
+ In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a
+ range.
+ That way, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure figures
+ fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom of
+ a page, and so on.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does this when \SpecialChar LyX
+ goes to produce a printable file.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you the ability to globally change
+\emph on
+all
+\emph default
+ of these pre-coded spacings.
+ We'll explain more later.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Separation
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Separation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To separate paragraphs, select
+\family sans
+Indent
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Skip
+\family default
+ in the submenu
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ of the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to indent paragraphs or add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
+ The size of the skips can be defined in the dialog, for the indentation
+ you have to add this line to your document preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+parindent}{Length}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where length is a value in one of the units listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The default length is 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
+ Open the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog and toggle the
+\family sans
+Indent
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Paragraph
+\family default
+ option to change the state of the current paragraph (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\indent-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
+ button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling
+ this).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
+ if you need to do some fine-tuning.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Line Spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Line spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\noun on
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\noun default
+ dialog you can set the line spacing in the submenu
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You need to have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+setspace
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! setspace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed to use this feature.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Paragraph Environments
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|(
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Overview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Paragraph environments correspond to the
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+begin{
+\emph on
+environment
+\emph default
+} ...
+
+\backslash
+end{
+\emph on
+environment
+\emph default
+}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+command sequence in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files.
+ If you don't know \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
+ alien to you, we urge you to read the
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+.
+ The
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+ also contains many more examples than this section does.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A paragraph environment is simply a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+container
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.
+ This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering
+ scheme, labels, and so on.
+ Additionally, you can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+nest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment
+ to inherit some of the properties of another.
+ The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy
+ tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hold-overs from the
+ days of typewriters.
+ There are several paragraph environments which are specific to a particular
+ document type.
+ We'll only be covering the most common ones here.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ scale 70
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+ at the left end of the toolbar.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will change the environment of the
+\emph on
+entire
+\emph default
+ paragraph in which the cursor sits.
+ You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if
+ you select them before choosing the new environment.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ will
+\emph on
+typically
+\emph default
+ create a new paragraph using the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ We say
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+typically
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ because if you are in one of these environments:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ keeps the old paragraph environment when you hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, rather than resetting it to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will still reset the nesting depth, however.
+ Usually, starting a new paragraph resets both the paragraph environment
+ and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ At the moment, all this is context-specific; you're better off expecting
+
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ to reset the paragraph environment and depth.
+ If you want a new paragraph to keep the current environment and depth,
+ use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default paragraph environment is
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ for most classes.
+ It creates a plain paragraph.
+ If \SpecialChar LyX
+ resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.
+ In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now (and most of the ones in
+ this manual) are in the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can nest a paragraph using the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything
+ in a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Title
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Title
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ title page has three parts: the title itself, the name(s) of the author(s)
+ and a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+footnote
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for thanks or contact information.
+ For certain types of documents, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ places all of this on a separate page
+ along with today's date.
+ For other types of documents, the title
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ goes at the top of the first page of the document.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
+ environments
+\family sans
+Title
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Author
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Date
+\family default
+.
+ Here's how you use them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Put the title of your document in the
+\family sans
+Title
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Put the author name in the
+\family sans
+Author
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
+ or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
+ the
+\family sans
+Date
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Note that using this environment is optional.
+ If you don't provide any, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ will automatically insert today's date.
+ If you don't want any date, add the line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+date{}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+to the preamble of your document (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use footnotes to insert
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+thanks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or contact information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Headings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Headings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several paragraph environments for producing section headings.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ takes care of the numbering for you.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Numbered Headings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Numbered
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are 7 numbered types of section headings.
+ They are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Part
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
+ The numbers describe where in the document you are.
+ Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
+ For example, suppose you're writing a book.
+ You group the book into chapters.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does similar grouping:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part
+\family default
+ is divided in either
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+s or
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Not all document types use the
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ heading as the maximum sectioning level.
+ In that case the
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+ is the top-level heading.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So, if you use the
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+ environment to label a new sub-subsection, \SpecialChar LyX
+ labels it with its number,
+ along with the number of the subsection, section, and, if applicable, chapter
+ that it's in.
+ For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the
+ label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+2.5
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Unnumbered Headings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Unnumbered
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The unnumbered section headings have a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+*
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at the end of their name.
+ They work the same as their numbered counterparts but will not appear in
+ the table of contents, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:toc"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changing the Numbering
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
+ in the Table of Contents.
+ Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
+ class.
+ Certain classes start with
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ and go down to the
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+ level.
+ Others start at
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+.
+ Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.
+ Most don't number
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+.
+ This is something you can change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Open the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Under
+\family sans
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC
+\family default
+ you'll see two counters.
+ The one named
+\family sans
+Numbering
+\family default
+ controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy \SpecialChar LyX
+ numbers a section heading.
+ The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table
+ of contents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Short Titles of Headings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Short titles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Short Titles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Short-Titles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
+ This can cause trouble when there is limited horizontal space.
+ For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
+ title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
+ This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
+ avoiding the problem mentioned.
+ To specify a short title, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Short
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Title
+\family default
+.
+ This will insert a box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+opt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+optional
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) which you can use to enter the short title text.
+ This also works for captions inside floats.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Special Information
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following information applies to all section headings:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can only use inline math in these environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Quotes and Poetry line spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
+ They are
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+.
+ Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
+ These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
+ They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
+ the text they contain.
+ They also allow nesting, so you can put a
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ in a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
+
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ reset to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ when you start a new paragraph.
+ So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
+ Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
+ to change back to the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment yourself.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Quote"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
+ time for the differences.
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ are identical except for one difference:
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.
+
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+always
+\emph default
+ indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example of the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+This is in the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it
+ wraps.
+ See – no indentation!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
+ Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
+ the other paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's another example, this time in the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+This is in the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ environment.
+ If I keep writing, you'll see the indentation.
+ If your country uses a writing style that shows off new paragraphs by indenting
+ the first line, then
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it
+\emph on
+if
+\emph default
+ you were quoting other text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+Here's a new paragraph.
+ I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
+ If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As the examples show,
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.
+ They should put quotes in the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ paragraph environment for quoted text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Verse
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Poetry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Verse"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.
+ Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+This is in Verse
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Which I did not rehearse!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+It could be much worse.
+ This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
+ around.
+ It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are
+ indented a bit more than the first.
+ Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.
+ So sue me.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+To break a line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+And make things look fine
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see,
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ does not indent both margins.
+ Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.
+ To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ function
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
+ of lists.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments, \SpecialChar LyX
+ labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environments, \SpecialChar LyX
+ lets you provide your own label.
+ We'll present the individual details of each type of list next after describing
+ some general features of all four of them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+General Features
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
+ in several ways.
+ First, \SpecialChar LyX
+ treats each paragraph as a list item.
+ Hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ reset the environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
+ The nesting depth is hereby kept.
+ If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting
+ depth, you can use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ to break paragraphs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
+ In fact, \SpecialChar LyX
+ changes the labels on some list items depending on how it is
+ nested.
+ If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
+ you read all of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The first type of list we'll describe in detail is the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ It has the following properties:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The items can have any length.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
+ The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list may be in.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you nest an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment inside another
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, the label changes to a new symbol.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ always shows the same symbol on screen.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a full explanation of nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list.
+ The
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
+ Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the first level
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ is a large black dot, or bullet.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the second level is a dash.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the third is an asterisk.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back out to the third level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back to the second level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back to the outermost level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These are the default labels for an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list.
+ You can customize these labels in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog in the submenu
+\family sans
+Bullets
+\family default
+.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
+ We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Enumerate"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment is used to create numbered lists and outlines.
+ It has these properties:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Each item has a numeral as its label.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The label type depends on the nesting depth.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Each new
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment resets the counter to one.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Like the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
+ Items can have any length.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unlike the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment,
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ shows the different labels for each item in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Here is how \SpecialChar LyX
+ labels the four different levels in an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The first level of an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
+ increases.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the third level
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the second level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the outermost level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Once again, you can customize the type of numbering used in the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+ It involves adding commands to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble (see the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ As stated earlier, such customization only shows up in the printed version,
+ not in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is more to nesting
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments than we've stated here.
+ You should read section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unlike the previous two environments, the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ list has no fixed label.
+ Instead, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the first
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+word
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the first line as the label.
+ Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Example: This is an example of the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
+ rest of the line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the first
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+word
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ it is meant that the first hit of the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an
+ item.
+ If you need to use more than one word in the label use a
+\family sans
+Protected Blank
+\family default
+.
+ (Use either
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more info.) Here is an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Second
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Example: This one shows how to use a
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Blank
+\family default
+ in the label of a
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ list item.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Usage: You should use the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment for things like definitions and theorems.
+ Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text
+ that describes it.
+ It's not a good idea to use a
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.
+ You're better off using
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and nesting several
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraphs into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Nesting: You can nest
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
+ so on.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice that after the first line, \SpecialChar LyX
+ indents subsequent lines, offsetting
+ them from the first line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! \SpecialChar LyX
+ list
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment is a \SpecialChar LyX
+ extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you are using a KOMA-Script document class, like in this document,
+ the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment is named
+\family sans
+Labeling
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Like the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment has user-defined labels for each list item.
+ There are the following properties of this list environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+labels \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the first
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+word
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of each line as the item label.
+ The first
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.
+ If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected
+ blank as described above.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+margins As you can see, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses different margins for the item label and the
+ body of the item text.
+ The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
+ label width plus a little extra space.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is larger.
+ If the label width is larger, the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+extends
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ into the first line.
+ In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left
+ margin of the rest of the item text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all
+ items in a
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment have the same left margin.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To change the default width, select all items in the list.
+ Now open the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ The text in the box
+\family sans
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label
+\family default
+ determines the default label width.
+ You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the
+ letter
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+M
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ multiple times instead.
+ The M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ By using
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+M
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of
+\family sans
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label
+\family default
+ every time you alter a label in a
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The predefined default width is the length of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (equal to 6 M).
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Setting the cursor into a list item to change only its label width will
+ only change the width inside \SpecialChar LyX
+ but not in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should use the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment the same way like the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
+ it.
+ The
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall
+ layout.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can nest
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
+ so on.
+ They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
+ Read section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn about nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is yet another feature of the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment: As you can see in the examples, \SpecialChar LyX
+ left-justifies the item labels
+ by default.
+ You can use additional
+\family sans
+HFills
+\family default
+ to change how \SpecialChar LyX
+ justifies the item label.
+
+\family sans
+Hfills
+\family default
+ are documented in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here are some examples:
+\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+Left The default for
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ item labels.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right One
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+ at the beginning of the label right justifies it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Center
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+ One
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+ at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Customized Lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Customized
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use the features described in this section, you must load the module
+
+\family sans
+Customisable Lists (enumitem)
+\family default
+ in the document settings.
+ This loads the features of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! enumitem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Custom Enumerate Lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Enumerate ! Custom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional
+ argument (menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Short Title
+\family default
+) to the first item of each level in the list.
+ There you add the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+label=
+\backslash
+roman{enumi}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+in \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "ert-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more about \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+ enumi
+\emph default
+ is hereby the counter of the enumeration in the first level.
+ The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ outputs the counter as small Roman numeral.
+ For capital Roman numerals replace in the command above
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Roman
+\series default
+.
+ For Arabic numerals use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+arabic
+\series default
+.
+ To
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+number
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ items with capital or small Latin letters use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Alph
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alph
+\series default
+, respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can only number 26
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+items with Latin letters, because this numbering is limited to single letters.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To change the numbering for the list sublevels, replace the 'i' in the command
+ by the small Roman numeral of the level (enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As example a list with custom numbering:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+#
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}
+\backslash
+#
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Level 1
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}.
+\backslash
+arabic{enumii}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Level 2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Level 2
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+bf{
+\backslash
+arabic{enumiii}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Level 3
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+emph{
+\backslash
+roman{enumiv})}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Level 4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+For this list these commands were used:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+
+\series bold
+label=
+\backslash
+#
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}
+\backslash
+#
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+label=
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}.
+\backslash
+arabic{enumii}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+label=
+\backslash
+bf{
+\backslash
+arabic{enumiii}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+label=
+\backslash
+emph{
+\backslash
+roman{enumiv})}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+emph{}
+\series default
+ makes the label emphasized and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bf{}
+\series default
+ makes it bold.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you changed the label of a list level, it will be used for all following
+ lists until you change the definition.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Resumed Enumeration
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Lists ! Enumerate ! Resumed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+arabic{enumi}.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+first
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+goes back to default numbering
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+second
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+regular text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate-Resume
+resumed
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To resume an enumeration, use the style
+\family sans
+Enumerate-Resume
+\family default
+.
+ Its numbering appears in blue within \SpecialChar LyX
+ to indicate that it is a resumed
+ list and that the numbering will not be correct in \SpecialChar LyX
+, but in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ If there is no previous enumeration to resume, you will get a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ error.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number than the
+ next one.
+ Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.
+ This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item
+ of a normal new enumeration.
+ There insert the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+start=number
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where
+\emph on
+number
+\emph default
+ is the number with which you want to resume the list.
+ An example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+first item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+second item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Enumeration starting at a given value:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+start=4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+This enumeration starts at 4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+List Spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items
+ of a list.
+ For example the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A bullet list
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+with standard spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item
+ of the list.
+ There add the command
+\series bold
+nolistsep
+\series default
+ to get no additional list space like in this example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+nolistsep
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A bullet list
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+without additional
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+vertical space
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To add space you can use several other commands provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! enumitem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For more info see its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "enumitem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing
+ and indentation.
+ Here is an example where the indentation was changed to the one of the
+ paragraphs in the document and the label separation was set to 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm so that the number is in the page margin:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+labelindent=
+\backslash
+parindent, labelsep=2cm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+An enumeration
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+with negative indentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Further Customization
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Description
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also change the style of description lists.
+ The command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+font=definition
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+changes the description label font, the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+style=definition
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+sets the list style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example where the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+font=
+\backslash
+itshape, style=nextline
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+is used:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ionizing
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+radiation:
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+labelindent=0pt, labelsep=1cm, font=
+\backslash
+itshape, style=nextline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are
+ energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, therefore
+ ionizing them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Reference
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+counting: In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing
+ the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an
+ object, block of memory, disk space or other resource.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are many more commands and features provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! enumitem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For more info see its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "enumitem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Letters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+: An Overview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although \SpecialChar LyX
+ has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
+ environments called
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
+ in a specific order, otherwise \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ gags on the document.
+ In contrast, you can use the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
+ You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
+ anything in them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course, you're not limited to using
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ for letters only.
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
+ some European academic papers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Usage
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Address-Usage"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
+ for the opening and signature in some countries.
+ Similarly, the
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
+ is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
+ Here's an example of each:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Right Address
+Right Address
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Who I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Where I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+When is it? What is today?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which \SpecialChar LyX
+ sets to fit
+ the largest block of text on a single line.
+ Here's an example of the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Who are you
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Where do I send this
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Your post office and country
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, both
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
+ If you hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ in either of these environments, \SpecialChar LyX
+ resets the nesting depth and sets the
+ environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ This makes sense, since
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ is the
+\family typewriter
+paragraph-break
+\family default
+ function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
+ Thus, you have to use
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\family sans
+Formatting
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+ menu) to start a new line in an
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Academic Writing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
+ or list of references.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ contains paragraph environments for both of these.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Abstracts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is used for the abstract of an article.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
+ Also, don't bother trying to nest
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa.
+ It won't work.
+ The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
+ The book document classes ignores the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ completely, and it's utterly silly to use
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in a letter document class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment does several things for you.
+ First, it puts the centered label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Abstract
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ above the text.
+ The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
+ space.
+ Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
+ Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
+ the subsequent text.
+ Well, that's how it will appear on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ screen.
+ The appearance in the output depends on the used article or report class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Starting a new paragraph by hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ The new paragraph will still be in the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment.
+ So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
+ finish entering the abstract of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/Abstract.pdf
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Paragraph in the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We'd love to give you directly an example of the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment, but since this document is in the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+book
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ class, we can't do this.
+ We inserted it therefore as figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you've never heard of an
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+abstract
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ before, you can safely ignore this environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is used to list references.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the end of the document.
+ Nesting
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa won't work.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you first open a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, \SpecialChar LyX
+ adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+References,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ depending on the document class.
+ The heading is in a large boldface font.
+ Each paragraph of the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is a bibliography entry.
+ Thus, hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ Each new paragraph is still in the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is another, usually better way to include references in your document
+ by using a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database.
+ For more information on that, and for a detailed description of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s bibliography
+ handling, have a look at in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+-Code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! \SpecialChar LyX
+ code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+ environment is another \SpecialChar LyX
+ extension.
+ It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
+ It also treats the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key as a fixed whitespace;
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+ environment, the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key is treated as a
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Blank
+\family default
+ instead of an end-of-word marker.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ (the
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ function).
+
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ breaks paragraphs.
+ Note, however, that
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ So, when you finish using the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+ environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
+ Also, you can nest the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+ environment inside of others.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are a few quirks with this environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+you can't follow
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ with a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't follow a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ with a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use a
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Or: use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
+ instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
+ You must put at least one
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ in any line you want blank.
+ Otherwise, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ generates errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ since that will insert
+\emph on
+real
+\emph default
+ quotes.
+ You get the typewriter double quotes with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "self-insert \""
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <stdio.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+int main(void)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ printf("Hello World!
+\backslash
+n");
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ return 0;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is just the standard
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Hello world!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ program.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+ has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
+ rc-files, and so on.
+ Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
+ as if you used a typewriter.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ For longer parts of programming code, use the listings inset that is described
+ in the chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Nesting Environments
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific propertie
+s.
+ This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of
+ another block.
+ For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
+ has two subpoints.
+ In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
+ list
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+attached
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to item #2:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+one
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+two
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+sublist – item #1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+sublist – item #2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+three
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.
+ Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
+\family sans
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Edit
+\family default
+ menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
+ will tell you how far you are nested).
+ Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the convenient key bindings
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Shift-Tab
+\family default
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ to change the nesting level.
+ The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
+ you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
+ paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ only changes the nesting depth if it can.
+ If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
+ Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
+ depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Nesting isn't limited to lists.
+ In \SpecialChar LyX
+, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're about
+ to find out.
+ This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What You Can and Can't Nest
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
+ you a little bit more about how nesting works.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The question if nesting a paragraph environment is possible, is a bit more
+ complicated than a simple yes or no.
+ There are three types of paragraph environments:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Completely unnestable
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other
+ things inside them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
+ anything into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
+ environments have them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unnestable Can't nest them.
+ Can't nest into them.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Title
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Author
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Date
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Fully
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Nestable You can nest them.
+ You can nest other things into them.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.
+ You can't nest anything into them.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Address
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to create
+ well structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas nested
+ section headings violate this.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Tables etc.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
+ affected by nesting anyhow.
+ They are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+equations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+tables
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+figures
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Figures and tables in
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+ are not affected by this.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more information about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
+ If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
+ it is in goes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+paragraph
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of its own, it behaves just like a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+nestable-inside
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ paragraph environment.
+ You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
+ into it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example with a table:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside (a).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ nested inside (a).
+ In fact, it's not nested at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
+ item of a new list!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
+ deep enough.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ inside (a).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
+ new list
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ item 1.
+ The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
+ So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
+ depth!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Usage and General Features
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Speaking of levels, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
+ In other words,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+level #6
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is the innermost possible depth.
+ Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #1 – outermost
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #2
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #3
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #4
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #5
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #6
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
+ both of them in the example.
+ Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
+ nesting with the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ For example, if we tried to nest another
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list inside item
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+A.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, we would get errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Some Examples
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
+ We have several examples of nested environments.
+ In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
+ them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-a This is the outermost level.
+ It's a
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-a This is level #2.
+ We created it by using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-a This is level #3.
+ This time, we just hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then used
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+ twice in a row.
+ We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
+ by hitting
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is actually a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment, nested inside of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ So, it's at level #4.
+ We did this by hitting
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+, then changing the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works
+ for the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's another
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-a This is level #4.
+ We hit
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ and changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+.
+ Remember — we can't nest anything inside a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
+ However, we
+\emph on
+can
+\emph default
+ keep nesting things inside
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#6-a \SpecialChar ldots
+and this is level #6.
+ By now, you should know how we made these two.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-b Back to level #5.
+ Just hit
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-b After another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+, we're back at level #4.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-b Back to level #3.
+ By now it should be obvious how we did this.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-b Back to level #2.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
+ After this sentence, we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ and change the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ to end the list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We could have also used the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, or even the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment in place of the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+ The example would have worked exactly the same.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 2: Inheritance
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+This is the \SpecialChar LyX
+-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+level.
+ Now we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+, after which, we'll change to the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment, at level #2.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Notice how the nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
+\family default
+), but also inherits its font and spacing!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+We ended this example by hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+.
+ After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ and reset the nesting depth by using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ Environments
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #1, in an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #2.
+ We used
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Now, what happens if we nest an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
+ label be? An asterisk?
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+No! It's a bullet.
+ This is the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, even though it's at level #3.
+ So, its label is a bullet.
+ (We got here by using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+, then changing the environment to
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+.)
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Here's level #4, produced using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ We'll do that again\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\SpecialChar ldots
+to get to level #5.
+ This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+.
+ Notice the type of numbering, it is
+\emph on
+lowercase Roman
+\emph default
+, because we are in the
+\emph on
+thirdfold
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ it is an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+What happens if we
+\emph on
+don't
+\emph default
+ change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
+ type of numbering does \SpecialChar LyX
+ use?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Let's use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ to decrease the depth after the next
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #4.
+ Look what type of label \SpecialChar LyX
+ is using!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #3.
+ Even though we've changed levels, \SpecialChar LyX
+ is still using a lowercase Roman numeral
+ as the label.Why?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
+\emph on
+still
+\emph default
+ a thirdfold
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Notice, however, that \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\emph on
+did
+\emph default
+ reset the counter for the label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ sequence, and we're back to level #2.
+ This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
+ into the twofold-nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The same thing happens if we do another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Lastly, we reset the environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses for the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ The number of other
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments surrounding it determines what kind of label \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses for an
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ item.
+ The same rule applies for the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, as well.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 4: Going Bonkers
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+We're going to go totally nuts now.
+ We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
+ same detail with how we did it.
+ (level #1:
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\family sans
+Return,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, Standard
+\family default
+: level #2) We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
+ example in parentheses someplace.
+ For example, the two keybindings are how we changed the depth.
+ The environment name is the name of the current environment.
+ Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is the next item in the list.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+Now we'll add verse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+It will get much worse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\family sans
+Return,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, Verse
+\family default
+: level #2)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bippitey boppitey boo!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+Here comes a table:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+one-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+two-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+red-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+blue-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, Table,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+ 3 times,
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, Verse,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is another item.
+ Note that selecting a
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+ resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
+ 3 times to put the table inside the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We're now ending the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list and changing to
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+.
+ We're still at level #1.
+ We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
+ The next set of paragraphs is a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+quoted letter.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ We'll nest both the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environments inside of this one, then use another nested
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ for the letter body.
+ We'll use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break inverse"
+\end_inset
+
+ to preserve the depth.
+ Remember that you need to use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ to create multiple lines inside the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environments.
+ Here it goes:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Right Address
+1234 Nowhere Rd.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Moosegroin, MT 00100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+9-6-96
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Dear Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Fizlewitz:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
+ Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
+ a backlog in our orders for methane.
+ We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
+ as soon as possible.
+ In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We do, however, now have a special on beef.
+ If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
+ with your order, along with payment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We thank you again for your patience.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Sincerely,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bill Hick
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Quotation
+That ends that example!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, nesting environments in \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a lot of power with just
+ a few keystrokes.
+ We could have easily nested an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list inside of a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+, or put a
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ inside of an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list.
+ You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Spacing, pagination and line breaks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime
+ you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you
+ more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot be
+ broken at the end of a line.
+ The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
+ useful.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Protected Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Protected
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The protected space: It is used to tell \SpecialChar LyX
+ (and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+) not to break the line at
+ that point.
+ This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Further documentation is given in section
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A protected space is set with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected
+\bar under
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\bar default
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Horizontal Space
+\family default
+.
+ The length units are listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Inter-word Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Inter-word
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
+ntence punctuation mark, and \SpecialChar LyX
+ honors those conventions (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
+ In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert normal"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Thin Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Thin-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+thin space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+protected
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
+ thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
+ inside abbreviations:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+D.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+E.
+ Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+or between values and units.
+ Compare for example this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kg (thin space)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10 kg (normal space
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+More Spaces
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:More-Spaces"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore insert the following space types:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Negative
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+space A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Negative thin space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Enspace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \enskip{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+space A line with
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 2cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ lists the different space sizes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Width of the different horizontal spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Space
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Normal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Protected
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Negative thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quad (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+QQuad (2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special \SpecialChar LyX
+ feature for adding extra space
+ in a uniform fashion.
+ An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
+ the remaining space between the left and right margins.
+ If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
+ equally between themselves.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here a few examples what you can do with them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+This is on the left side
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+This is on the right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Middle
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+1/3 Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was an example in the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Here
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+is one in a standard paragraph.
+ It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
+\emph on
+is
+\emph default
+ sitting in-between the two arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
+\family sans
+Fill
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pattern
+\family default
+ in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dots:
+\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rule:
+\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Left arrow:
+\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Right arrow:
+\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up brace:
+\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Down brace:
+\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ in the first line in a paragraph, \SpecialChar LyX
+ ignores it.
+ This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
+ If you need space in this case anyway, set the
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
+ option in the space dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Phantom Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Phantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+you want to create the following multiple choice question:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+What is correct English?:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Edge would have been jumps the gun.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mr.
+ Edge
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+has to be jumped
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mr.
+ Edge
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+jumps
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+.
+ In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two
+ lines and insert
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ into the phantom inset (note the space after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Edge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).
+ That is why it is named
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+phantom
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The normal phantom ouputs the width and heigth of the content as space,
+ while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding
+ dimension.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Vertical Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Vertical-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Vertical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There you find the following sizes:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+SmallSkip
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+MedSkip
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+BigSkip
+\family default
+ are \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ sizes which depend on the font size of the document.
+
+\family sans
+DefSkip
+\family default
+ is the skip adjusted in the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for the paragraph separation.
+ If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
+\family sans
+DefSkip
+\family default
+ is equal to
+\family sans
+MedSkip
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
+ An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
+ between them.
+ Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
+ one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
+
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s work like
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+s are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ If there are several
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
+ You can therefore use
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
+\series medium
+When the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
+ a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Alignment
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the paragraph alignment with the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There are five possibilities:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Justified
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align block"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Left
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align left"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align right"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Center
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align center"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align default"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
+ spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
+ the left and right margins.
+ The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align right
+This paragraph is right aligned,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+this one is centered,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+this one is left aligned.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Page Breaks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Page breaks ! Forced
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like the way \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does the pagebreaks in your document, you can
+ force a page break where you want one.
+ Normally this will not be necessary, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is good at page breaking.
+ Only if you use a lot of
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s page breaking algorithm can fail.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend not to use forced pagebreaks until the text is finished and
+ until you have checked in the preview to see if you
+\emph on
+really
+\emph default
+ have to change the page breaking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of pagebreaks: One that ends the page without any special
+ action.
+ This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ The second type, that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
+ the complete page.
+ This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page
+ on which only the last few lines are absent.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears
+ at the top of a page.
+ This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
+ appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
+ having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
+ See chapter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Clear Page Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Page breaks ! Clear
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rather than forced pagebreaks where the content behind the break is placed
+ directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.
+ That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including
+ unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed behind
+ it, if necessary by adding pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a clear page break with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+ to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand
+ page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Line Breaks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Line breaks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: One that simply
+ breaks the line.
+ You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Ragged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ or with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Another type that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Justified
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
+ the page margins.
+ This is necessary to avoid
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+fringes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by line breaks.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s line breaking, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is
+ very good at line breaking.
+ There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
+ set a line break, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+in a poem or for an address (see sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quote"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Verse"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Address-Usage"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Lines
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Horizontal lines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "100line%"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the dialog
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+ you can insert horizontal lines.
+ The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline
+ of the current text line or the paragraph.
+ The line settings can be changed by left-clicking on the line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "100line%"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Characters and Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
+ You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for information on how this is done.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
+ can use the
+\family sans
+Symbols
+\family default
+ dialog via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
+ when you are using a special screen font in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s preferences.
+ But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fonts and Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Types
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Types
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of fonts:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Vector
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Vector-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ characters) in the font.
+ This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
+ well suited for scaling to any requested size.
+ This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
+ curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
+ This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
+ Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed
+ to provide a good image, it might be hard to provide a good rendering.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
+ But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
+ That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font
+ sizes than at small ones.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The font types
+\family typewriter
+TrueType
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+OpenType
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\family default
+ are vector fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Bitmap-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
+ will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
+ However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
+ pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
+ It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
+ picture manipulation program.
+ In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
+ several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
+ or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
+ The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
+ to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
+ fonts.
+ The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have
+ to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bitmap fonts are named
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\family default
+ in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they
+ are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
+ So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.
+ That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs
+ use scalable fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
+ its document properties.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
+ specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
+ font to emphasize text, you use an
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+emphasized style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ instead.
+ This concept fits in perfectly with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ In \SpecialChar LyX
+, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
+ details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ font support
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Traditionally, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ uses its own fonts.
+ That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your
+ operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ distribution.
+ The reason is that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ needs some extra information about the fonts, which
+ have to be provided by additional files and packages.
+ The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited, compared
+ to usual word processors.
+ On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts
+ are generally of very good quality, and that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files are very portable across
+ different machines.
+ Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ was increased a lot
+ meanwhile so that you can find packages for many free and commercial fonts.
+ In \SpecialChar LyX
+, only a subset of these are directly selectable via the user interface
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details).
+ However, all others are available if you enter the respective \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ code in
+ the document preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired
+ font).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Furthermore, recent developments brought some new \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ engines that are also
+ able to directly access fonts that are installed for your operating system
+ (OS), namely Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ Both engines are now supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ By using them, you can use theoretically any OpenType or TrueType font
+ that is installed on your system.
+ The next section describes how to use these OS fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
+es; so you might have to experiment.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ and especially Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+, are still rather new and thus not as mature as tradition
+al \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ or PDF\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Font and Font size
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Font
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the document fonts in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+ There you can specify which font should be used for the three different
+ font shapes roman (serif),
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ and its scalings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The possible options for the font include
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ and a list of fonts available on your system.
+
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ uses the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts, known as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+) or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+European Computer Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+ are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixelated in PDF output, especially
+ when you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Reader
+\family default
+ version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
+ renderer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.
+ There are three ways to use one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+select the
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of
+
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+.
+
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ was developed for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ community in order to replace
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ as the default font.
+ It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.
+ Except for some details, where the appearance was improved,
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ looks identical to
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+.;
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+One difference is improved kerning.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or select the
+\family sans
+AE
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Almost
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European)
+\family default
+ fonts in (the rare) case that
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
+ the look of
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+.
+
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ is a virtual font.
+ Virtual means that it
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+steals
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ outline
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+-glyphs from other fonts.
+ This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
+ guillemets (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+«
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+»
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+aeguill
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! aeguill
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the document preamble line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+will fix the guillemet problem.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and that accented characters are not
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ glyph, but build of
+\emph on
+two
+\emph default
+ characters, the accent and the letter.
+ Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
+ using the
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ fonts.
+ If you search for example for the French word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+rève
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
+ the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ è
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and not for the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ e +
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ ̀
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you do not like the look of
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+, you can of course select one of the other provided vector fonts, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+
+\family sans
+Palatino
+\family default
+.
+ Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif and typewriter fonts
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ selects
+\family sans
+Helvetica
+\family default
+ for sans serif text), or different shapes of the same font, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+a real font
+\emph on
+family
+\emph default
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+in case of
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ oder
+\family sans
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, but you can also select your own.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The differences between roman,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The font
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ was originally designed for newspapers.
+ That means its glyphs are smaller than the ones from other fonts to fit
+ into the small newspaper columns.
+ Therefore
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the font size there are four possible values:
+\family sans
+default, 10
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+11
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+12
+\family default
+.
+ The size of
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ depends on your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font sizes are the
+\emph on
+base size
+\emph default
+.
+ That means that \SpecialChar LyX
+ scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used
+ in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
+ You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog if needed.
+ The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The field
+\family sans
+CJK
+\family default
+ allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify
+ a font to display the script characters.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The font will be the argument for the commands of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+.
+ So this has no effect for the document language
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\family default
+ that doesn't use
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you choose a new font or font size, \SpecialChar LyX
+ does
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
+ this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s screen fonts can be adjusted in the
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using Different Character Styles
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Character Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically changes the character style for certain
+ paragraph environments.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two character styles,
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+.
+ You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
+ toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To activate the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style, do one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These commands are all toggles.
+ That is, if
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style is already active, they deactivate it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One typically uses the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style for proper names.
+ For example:
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\noun on
+Matthias Ettrich
+\noun default
+ is the original author of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A more widely used character style is the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style.
+ You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style by:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+clicking on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using the keybindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages
+ use a different font.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We've been using the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style all over the place in this document.
+ Here's one more example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+
+\emph on
+Don't overuse character styles!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It's also a warning in addition to an example.
+ One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
+ Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
+ the common tendency to overuse character style.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-default"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the dialog
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning with the Text Style dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning, so
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+ For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
+ requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
+ Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
+ from ordinary dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
+ warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
+ tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use custom character styles, open the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog or press the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+ font property which you can choose.
+ You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\family default
+, which keeps the current state of that property.
+ The item
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+ will reset the property to whatever is the default.
+ You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
+ environments in a snap.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+) are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Family
+\family default
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+overall look
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the font.
+ The possible options are:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Roman
+\family default
+ This is the Roman font family.
+ Normally a serif font.
+ It's also the default family.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Serif
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+This is the Sans Serif font family.
+
+\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-sans"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
+This is the Typewriter font family.
+
+\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-typewriter"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Series
+\family default
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
+
+\series default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-bold"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Shape
+\family default
+ As the name implies.
+ Options are:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Upright
+\family default
+ This is the Upright font shape.
+ It's also the default shape.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Italic
+\family default
+
+\shape italic
+This
+\shape default
+
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+i
+\family default
+s the Italic font shape
+\shape default
+\emph on
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Slanted
+\family default
+
+\shape slanted
+This is the Slanted font shape
+\shape default
+ (although it might not be visible in \SpecialChar LyX
+, this is different from italic).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Caps
+\family default
+
+\shape smallcaps
+This is the Small caps font shape
+\shape default
+\noun on
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Size
+\family default
+ Alters the size of the font.
+ You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
+nal to the document font size.
+ Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
+ the details, but a general description of what
+ you want to do.
+ The options are:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Tiny
+\family default
+
+\size tiny
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Tiny
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size tiny"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Smallest
+\family default
+
+\size scriptsize
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Smallest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size
+\size default
+.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size scriptsize"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Smaller
+\family default
+
+\size footnotesize
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Smaller
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size footnotesize"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Small
+\family default
+
+\size small
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Small
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size small"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Normal
+\family default
+ This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Normal
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+ It's also the default size.
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size normal"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Large
+\family default
+
+\size large
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Large
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size large"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Larger
+\family default
+
+\size larger
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Larger
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size larger"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Largest
+\family default
+
+\size largest
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size largest"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Huge
+\family default
+
+\size huge
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Huge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size huge"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Huger
+\family default
+
+\size giant
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Huger
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size giant"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+We warn you
+\emph on
+yet again
+\emph default
+: don't go crazy with this feature.
+ You should almost never need to change the font size.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
+ — use that instead.
+ This is here for fine-tuning only!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Misc
+\family default
+ Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
+ Options are:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+ This might seem like the same as
+\shape italic
+Italic
+\shape default
+, but it is actually a bit different.
+ Emphasized is a
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+ attribute.
+ That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
+ text.
+ Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Underbar
+\family default
+
+\bar under
+This is text with Underbar on.
+
+\bar default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-underline"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a hangover from the typewriter days,
+ when you couldn't change fonts.
+ We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ It is only included in \SpecialChar LyX
+ because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+underbar
+\family default
+ This is text with Double underbar on.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-underunderline"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
+ about double underbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Wavy
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+underbar
+\family default
+ This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-underwave"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
+ Keep antinausea pills handy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Strikeout
+\family default
+
+\strikeout on
+This is text with Strikeout on.
+
+\strikeout default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-strikeout"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has since
+ changed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+
+\noun on
+This is text with Noun on.
+
+\noun default
+ Like
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+, this is a logical attribute.
+ Normally it's equivalent to
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Caps
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Color
+\family default
+ You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
+ Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Besides
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+color
+\family default
+, which is the default
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+color
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and means normally black, you can choose between
+\family sans
+Black
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+White
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Red
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Green
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Blue
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cyan
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Magenta
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Yellow
+\family default
+ text.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! Text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
+ the language of the document.
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ (only within \SpecialChar LyX
+).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you have for example a longer German Text in your document, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ respects
+ the German hyphenation rules automatically.
+ When using the spell checking (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
+ Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog, the settings are saved.
+ You can activate them using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style even
+ when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-default"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
+ (suppose you just set the shape to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+slanted
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and the series to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+), set the
+\family sans
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+all
+\family default
+ switch and press
+\family sans
+Apply
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should also know something about the differences between the three main
+ font types
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, that means every character has the same width, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:More-Spaces"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Serif
+\family default
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example will show the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ don't use serifs.
+ This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
+ They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Printing and Previewing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Overview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation
+ using \SpecialChar LyX
+, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
+ Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
+ goes on behind-the-scenes.
+ We cover this information in much greater detail in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual as well.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the program \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as its backend.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is just a macro package for the \SpecialChar TeX
+ typesetting system, but to prevent confusion,
+ we'll only refer to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ is what you use to do your actual writing.
+ Then, \SpecialChar LyX
+ calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ to turn your writing into printable output.
+ This happens in two stages:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First, \SpecialChar LyX
+ converts your document to a series of text commands for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, generating
+ a file with the extension,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Next, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ uses the commands in the
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+ file to produce printable output.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Output file formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+ASCII
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! ASCII
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.txt
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+American Standard Code for Information Interchange
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (ASCII).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+ASCII
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and contains all commands that are necessary for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ program to process
+ your document.
+ If you know \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, you can use it to find out \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-Errors or to process it manually
+ with console commands.
+ The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-file is automatically created in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s temporary directory whenever you
+ view or export your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-file using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+DVI
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! DVI
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.dvi
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+device-independent
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
+ to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
+ DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
+ like PostScript.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+DVI files do not contain images, they only link them.
+ So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
+ Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
+ it visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer when
+ you view the DVI.
+ So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to DVI by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PostScript
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PostScript
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.ps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ PostScript was developed by the company
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as a printer language.
+ The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
+ file.
+ PostScript can be seen as a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+programming language
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+When you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+
+\series bold
+pstricks
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! pstricks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PostScript can only contain images in the format
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has to
+ convert them in the background to EPS.
+ If you have e.g 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+images in your document, \SpecialChar LyX
+ has to do 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+conversions whenever you view or export your document.
+ This will slow down your workflow with \SpecialChar LyX
+ drastically.
+ So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
+ EPS to avoid this problem.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PostScript
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PDF
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF) developed by
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ was derived from PostScript.
+ It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.
+ As the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+portable
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
+ looks exactly the same.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ You can although use any other image format, because \SpecialChar LyX
+ converts them in
+ the background to one of these formats.
+ But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
+ will slow down your workflow.
+ So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PDF via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export
+\family default
+ in three different ways:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
+\family default
+ that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
+ The PostScript-version is produced by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
+ So this export variant consist of three conversions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(dvipdfm) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
+ PDF.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex) This uses the program pdftex that converts your file directly
+ to PDF.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+X) This uses the program Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
+ Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for
+ direct font access (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+X) This uses the program Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
+ Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ is an even newer engine, derived from pdflatex, that also provides
+ direct Unicode support and support for direct font access (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend to use
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ because
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and
+ works without problems.
+ The program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ is no longer under development and therefore a bit outdated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+XHTML
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+FileFormats ! XHTML
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HTML
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.xhtml
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.
+ It does not itself contain images and the like but only links them, and
+ when \SpecialChar LyX
+ produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats
+ suitable for the purpose.
+ Math is output as MathML, which renders nicely in browsers that support
+ it, but not all do.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+XHTML output remains
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+under development
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and not all \SpecialChar LyX
+ features are supported yet.
+ See the chapter
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ and the World Wide Web
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual, for more information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LyX
+HTML
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Previewing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page
+ breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
+
+\family sans
+Document
+\family default
+ and choose
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ or use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
+ output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
+ (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Further output formats can be selected via
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+View (Other Formats)
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/view-others.svgz
+ scale 85
+ groupId toolbarbuttons
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
+ viewer window using the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update (Other Formats)
+\family default
+, respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s temporary
+ directory.
+ To have a real output, export your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+A few Words about Typography
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphens
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphens
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character comes in four lengths: the
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+, and the minus sign:
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+output
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+inserted with
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+hyphen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+en dash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+em dash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+—
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+minus sign
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in math mode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character multiple times in a row.
+ They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
+ the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ gives a en dash,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ a em dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
+ math mode and has a length of its own.
+ Here are some examples of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ in use:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+line- and page-breaks
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+From A–Z
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh — there's a dash.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphenation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Hyphenation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Words aren't hyphenated within \SpecialChar LyX
+ but automatically in the output.
+ Hyphenation is done by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ following the rules of the document language
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For German readers: That's one of the main differences between the languages
+
+\family sans
+German
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+German
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(new
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+spelling)
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates almost perfectly, it only has problems with text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and with unusual constructs, like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+h3knix/m0n0wall
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
+ This is done with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Point
+\family default
+.
+ These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ If no hyphenation is necessary, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ will ignore them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.
+ Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document
+ in the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+A-b c
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ would then see the hyphen
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as a hyphenation possibility.
+ Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the
+\emph on
+EmbeddedObjects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Punctuation Marks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Punctuation marks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Abbreviations and End of Sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When \SpecialChar LyX
+ calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ to generate the final version of your document, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ automatically
+ distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ then adds the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appropriate amount of space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
+ the next word.
+ Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does
+ not work in all cases.
+ If a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
+ at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are some examples of
+\emph on
+correct
+\emph default
+ abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+M.
+ Butterfly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Don't worry.
+ Be happy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I.
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To fix this problem, use one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ after lowercase abbreviations (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! inter-word
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use a
+\family sans
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sentence
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+period
+\family default
+ found under the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character
+\family default
+ menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
+ This function is also bound to
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"
+\end_inset
+
+ for easy access.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I\SpecialChar endofsentence
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
+ If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ will take care of this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
+ Check out the
+\family sans
+Check
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+ feature described in section
+\emph on
+Checking \SpecialChar TeX
+
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Quotes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Quotes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotes | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ usually sets quotes correctly.
+ Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
+ and use a closing quote at the end.
+ For example,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+open close
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The keyboard character,
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+, generates this automatically.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the behavior of the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key using the submenu
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ of the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
+\family sans
+Type
+\family default
+ option.
+ There are six choices:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+single
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ or 'this
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These settings affect what character the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key produces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Ligatures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
+.
+ Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
+ output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ To break a ligature, use
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break.
+
+\family default
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorffest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ logos
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Proper names
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters
+\family default
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the following program logos with special formatting:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ The name of the game.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ macro colletion used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
+ The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
+ converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
+
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.14159
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Units
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for units use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example to show the differences:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+
+h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+space between number and unit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+
+h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
+ for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
+ of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
+ of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there to
+ specifically prevent widows and orphans.
+ This is the advantage \SpecialChar LyX
+ has in using \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as its backend.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's no way we can go into how \SpecialChar TeX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ decide to break a page, or how you
+ can tweak that behavior.
+ Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books listed in the bibliography [such as
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+] may have more information.
+ You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it appears as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment,
+ when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(xxx)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-files.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
+ set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Greyed-out
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+notes
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of a comment that appears in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
+ indented and greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note
+\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the appearing note box to select the note type.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Footnotes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you will see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ the following box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/footnoteQt4.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again, will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
+ on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ The numbers are consecutive, no matter in which chapter the footnote is
+ in.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get other schemes
+ using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+, you will see a box with the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+margin
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your marginal note.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the side is an example marginal note.
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a marginal note.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For further information about marginal notes see section
+\emph on
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Graphics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Graphics"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+ or select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and \SpecialChar LyX
+ options
+\family default
+ tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ options.
+ You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/mobius.eps
+ scale 70
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images ! Formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses therefore the program
+\family typewriter
+ImageMagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Graphics Interchange Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (GIF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.gif
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GIF|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PNG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
+ or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
+ In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
+ image
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
+ versa.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping of Image Settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images ! Settings grouping
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
+ group.
+ Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
+ of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
+ the same way.
+ So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
+ need to manually change each of them.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A new group can be set by entering a name in the
+\family sans
+Group
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name
+\family default
+ field in the Graphics dialog.
+ Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
+ by checking the name of the desired group.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Tables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
+ from the rest of the table.
+ This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
+ have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
+ them.
+ Here's an example table:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size normal
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Table dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
+ brings up the table dialog.
+ Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
+ where the cursor is placed currently.
+ Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
+ This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
+ done on all of your selection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally to the table dialog, the
+\family sans
+table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+ helps you in setting table properties.
+ It appears when the cursor is inside a table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
+ If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
+ current cell respectively.
+ The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
+ is given.
+ A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
+ of text, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Table-Cells"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
+ using the check box
+\family sans
+Multicolumn
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Multirow
+\family default
+.
+ This will merge the cells to
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ cell, spread over more than one column/row.
+ Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
+ and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
+ Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
+ in the last row without the upper border:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+abc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+def ghi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+jkl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Adept users can declare special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-arguments for the table.
+ They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
+ explained in the tables section of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+degrees counterclockwise.
+ These rotations are not visible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ but in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Most DVI-viewers are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ able to display rotations.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Borders
+\family default
+ tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
+ The button
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ adds lines for all cell borders.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Longtables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Longtables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Longtables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+long
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
+\family default
+ in the tab
+\family sans
+Longtable
+\family default
+ of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
+ Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the first page, if
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the last page, if
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
+ You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Caption
+\family default
+.
+ More about longtable captions can be found in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify a row where the table is split.
+ If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
+ of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
+ The others will then be defined as
+\emph on
+empty
+\emph default
+.
+ In this context, first means first in this order:
+\family sans
+Footer, Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Header,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header.
+
+\family default
+ See the following longtable to see how it works:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Example Phone List (ignore the names)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+NAME
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Example Phone List
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+NAME
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+continue ...
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Annovi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Silvia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Bertoli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Stefano
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Bozzi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Walter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cachia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maria
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cachia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cinquemani
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giusi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Colin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bernard
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Concli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Gianfranco
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Dal Bosco
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Carolina
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Dalpiaz
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Annamaria
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Feliciello
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Domenico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Focarelli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Galletti
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oreste
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Gasparini
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franca
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Rizzardi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Lassini
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giancarlo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Malfatti
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Luciano
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Malfatti
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Valeriano
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Erich
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Stuffer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tacchelli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tezzele
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frieda
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Vieider
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Vigna
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jürgen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+999
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Weber
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Winkler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franz
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endlastfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+End
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table Cells
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Cells
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Table-Cells"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
+ All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
+ Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
+ But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
+\family sans
+Section*
+\family default
+, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
+ for the cell's paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
+ for the column in the table dialog.
+ Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
+ is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
+ An example:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+6
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+7
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
+ This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+9
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
+ You can cut and paste even more than one row.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note, that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would
+ not be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Selection with the mouse or with
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ plus the arrow keys works as usual.
+ You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
+ the selection from outside the table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Floats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
+ have a fixed location.
+ It can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
+
+\family sans
+Footnotes
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\family default
+ are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
+ too many notes on the page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
+ Images and tables can be spread evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
+ and pages without text.
+ As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
+, every float can be referenced in the text.
+ Floats are therefore numbered.
+ Referencing is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert a float, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Floats
+\family default
+.
+ A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.
+ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
+ the output.
+ After the label you can insert the caption text.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Floats ! Captions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
+ paragraph within the float.
+ To keep your \SpecialChar LyX
+-document readable, you can open and close the float box by
+ left-clicking on the box label.
+ A closed float box looks like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/floatQt4.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+ – a gray button with a red label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Figure Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Floats ! Figure floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ was created using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Figure
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert figure"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and
+ using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor
+ in front of or behind the image and using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 50
+ width 50col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
+ to it.
+ As described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+ and refer to it using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
+ references like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+the figure above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, because, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ will reposition the floats in the final document, it might
+ not be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
+ might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
+ This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
+ Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
+ You can also set the images one below the other.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are the subfigures.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Undefinable
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ width 45col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Platypus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Two distorted images.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Table Floats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Floats ! Table floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table floats can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+ or the toolbar botton
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert table"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ They have the same properties as figure floats except for the different
+ label.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Joe
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mary
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ted
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+a & b\\
+c & d
+\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+More Information
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Floats ! Details
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
+ It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
+ float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
+ caption.
+ All these features are explained in detail with many examples in chapter
+
+\emph on
+Floats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Minipages
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Minipages
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Minipages"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page, called
+ minipage.
+ Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+apply.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Minipages in \SpecialChar LyX
+ have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Box
+\family default
+.
+ Right-clicking on the box allows you to alter the width of the minipage
+ and its alignment within the page.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "30col%"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+This is a minipage.
+ The text is set in an italic style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
+ another formatting.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you right-click on a minipage box, you can change the box from a minipage
+ to other box types.
+ All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Mathematical Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formulas | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Math Editing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Basics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode on"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
+ corners.
+ That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
+ what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
+ You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
+ with the
+\family sans
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears when the cursor is in a formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two main types of formulas: Inline formulas appear within a text
+ line, like this one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with an inline formula
+\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
+\end_inset
+
+ in it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in an own paragraph
+, like this one:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=B
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports also many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ math commands.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+typing
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alpha
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ So typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Navigating in Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Navigating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
+ achieved with the arrow keys.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
+ The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ will leave a formula construct (a square root
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, or parentheses
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+, or a matrix
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4
+\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Escape
+\family default
+ will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
+
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
+ cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+, printed in this document as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command will appear in the output as official character denoting the
+ space character (visible space).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
+ characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
+ For this reason, you have to be careful about using
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2x+1
+\series default
+ and not
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2x
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++1
+\series default
+, since in the latter case only the
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Formula $2x$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ will be under the square root sign:
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
+ in, such as:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+\lambda_{1}\\
+ & \ddots\\
+ & & \lambda_{n}
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
+ in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Selecting Text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
+ Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ and a cursor movement key to select text.
+ It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
+ Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
+ That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
+ but not in a normal text region in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Exponents and Subscripts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Exponents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Subscripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-superscript"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-subscript"
+\end_inset
+
+), but it is often much easier to use a command.
+ To get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type in a formula
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+ The final
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
+ If you type
+\series bold
+x^2y
+\series default
+, you will get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
+\end_inset
+
+, to get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\series default
+.
+ If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
+ circumflex
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+^
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, you have to use an extra
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ to separate the circumflex and the character.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+.
+ Subscripts are similar: To get
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+a_1
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fractions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Fractions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Create a fraction with either the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac
+\series default
+ or using the icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac"
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+ You will be presented with an empty fraction.
+ The cursor is above the fraction line.
+ To move it to the bottom, simply press
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+.
+ To move back up, press
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+.
+ Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
+2 & 3\\
+4 & 5
+\end{array}\right)}\right]
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Roots
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Roots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Roots can be created using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\root"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+.
+ With the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+ you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ always produces a square root.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Operators with Limits
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Sums
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Integrals
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sum (
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\end_inset
+
+) and integral (
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\end_inset
+
+) operators are very often decorated with limits.
+ These limits can be entered in \SpecialChar LyX
+ by entering them as you would enter a super-
+ or subscript, directly after the symbol.
+ The sum operator will automatically place its
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline
+ formulas, as in
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+\end_inset
+
+, versus
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula
+ types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
+ display mode.
+ The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
+ behind the operator and using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Limits
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Type
+\family default
+ or entering
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-limits"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Certain other mathematical expressions also have this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+moving limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ feature, such as
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Limits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+which will place the
+\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+\end_inset
+
+ underneath the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lim
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in display mode.
+ In inline formulas it looks like this:
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+lim
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation of function macros.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Symbols
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most math symbols can be found in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ under one of several categories; including
+\family sans
+Greek
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Operators
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Relations
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Arrows
+\family default
+.
+ There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
+ Society (AMS).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you know the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use, you
+ don't have to use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+; you can type the command directly into the formula.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Altering Spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides.
+ To do this, press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
+ or use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
+ For example, the sequence
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\,b$
+\end_inset
+
+ appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/SpaceMarker.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
+ the space marker and enter space again several times.
+ With every space enter the size will be changed.
+ Some markers for the space size appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
+, because they are negative
+ spaces.
+ Here are two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+ and 3×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+ and 5×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\!b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Functions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Functions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ contains under the button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
+\end_inset
+
+ a number of function macros, such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\emph on
+etc
+\emph default
+.
+ (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sin
+\series default
+ etc.).
+ Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to
+ avoid confusions, because
+\begin_inset Formula $sin$
+\end_inset
+
+ does normally mean
+\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
+\end_inset
+
+ is different from
+\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts
+ are placed, as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Accents
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Accents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
+ mode.
+ This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
+ You can also use \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands, for example, to enter
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+ even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.
+ Our example is entered by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+circumflex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+umlaut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ddot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+caron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+check
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+macron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vector
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+vec
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
+\family sans
+Frame
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+decorations
+\family default
+ symbol set button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
+\end_inset
+
+ in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within
+ a formula too.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Brackets and Delimiters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Brackets
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Delimiters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several brackets available through \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ For some purposes, using just the keys
+\family typewriter
+[]{}()|<>
+\family default
+ should suffice.
+ But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
+ or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math
+ toolbar delimiter icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4
+\end{array}\right]
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.
+ Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
+\end_inset
+
+ and the expression on the right was entered using the
+\family typewriter
+()
+\family default
+ keys.
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from
+ that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is
+ inside.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
+ left side and right side.
+ If you use the option
+\family sans
+Keep
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+matched
+\family default
+, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
+ The selection will be shown as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ If you want one side not to have a bracket, use
+\family sans
+(none)
+\family default
+.
+ It will appear in \SpecialChar LyX
+ with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to place brackets around existing math structures, like a square
+ root, you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that
+ is to go inside the brackets.
+ Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+.
+ The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and
+ braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.
+ For example, to insert a pair of parentheses, select the structure and
+ enter
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-delim ( )"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Arrays and Multi-line Equations
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Arrays
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Matrices
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
+ using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ matrix button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 2 & 3\\
+4 & 5 & 6\\
+7 & 8 & 9
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
+ will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
+ This alignment is set in the box
+\family sans
+Horizontal
+\family default
+ with the letters
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+l
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+r
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ proposes a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for every column as default.
+ For example, the sequence
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+lcr
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
+ centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
+ corresponds to the relevant column.
+ The result will look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\begin{array}{lcr}
+this & this\,column & this\,column\\
+column & has & has\,right\\
+has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
+\end{array}.
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ while the cursor is in the matrix.
+ Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ or the math toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
+ It can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Environment
+\family default
+ or the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cases
+\series default
+.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+-1 & x<0\\
+0 & x=0\\
+1 & x>0
+\end{cases}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Multi-line formulas are created when you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ within a formula.
+ In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
+ column.
+ When you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
+ is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
+ A new row is created by every further entry of
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
+a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
+ in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The multi-line formula type described here is called
+\family typewriter
+eqnarray
+\family default
+.
+ There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
+ for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:asquared"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The other types are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering and Referencing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Formula numbering
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Referencing formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ within parentheses.
+ The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
+ The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
+ the document class.
+ In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
+ separated by a dot:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+1+1=2
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+ in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
+ You can only number displayed formulas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+This
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-line-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+ will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+1 & = & 3-2\\
+2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
+4 & \leq & 7
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+To number all lines use the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
+ A label is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+) when the cursor is in the formula.
+ This opens a dialog to enter the label.
+ It is recommended that you use the suggested
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+eq:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
+ label type when you have many labels in your document.
+ We inserted in the following example the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+eq:tanhExp
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
+ & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
+ Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
+ You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Reference
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
+ The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
+ as the formula number:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a cross-reference to equation (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s cross-reference box are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
+ press
+\family sans
+Del
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+User defined math macros
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Macros
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
+ have equations of the same form in a document several times.
+ Math macros are explained in section
+\emph on
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Macros
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Typefaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Typefaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
+ To set a font in a formula, use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
+\end_inset
+
+, or enter its command, listed in table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, directly.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathbf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathtt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathbb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathfrak
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\emph on
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathcal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathsf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
+\family sans
+Blackboard
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Calligraphic
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
+ Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
+ space when you need a space in the box.
+ Here is an example where
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+N
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in
+\family sans
+Blackboard
+\family default
+ denotes the set of numbers:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
+ You can, for example, put a character in
+\family sans
+Fraktur
+\family default
+ in a box for
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+So it is better not to use this feature.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can only print them emboldened using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+, which works like the other typeface commands:
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+ works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Text
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
+ not for text.
+ For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
+ the entry
+\family sans
+Normal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ of the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ in black instead of blue.
+ You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
+-x & \mbox{under Umständen}
+\end{cases}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Font sizes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
+ automatically chosen in most situations.
+ These are called
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+scriptstyle
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+scriptscriptstyle
+\family default
+.
+ For most characters,
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+ are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
+ and certain other structures, are set larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+.
+ Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
+ situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ thinks are appropriate.
+ These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\style"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
+ For example, you can set
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, which is normally in
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+, larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The four styles are used in the following example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
+ is set in a particular size with the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
+ Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
+ will be adjusted to correspond.
+ As an example here is a formula in the font size
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\size largest
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+AMS math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! AMS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
+ that are in common use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling AMS-Support
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
+ the document by selecting the checkbox
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+.
+ AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors in formulas,
+ ensure that you have enabled AMS.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides a selection of different formula types.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to choose between
+\family typewriter
+align
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+alignat
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+flalign
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+gather
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+multline
+\family default
+.
+ We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "AMS"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, for an explanation of these formula types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+More Tools
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Cross-References
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Cross references
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s strengths is cross-references.
+ You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
+ the document.
+ To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
+ The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
+ We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "enu:Second-item"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Second item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Third item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or by pressing the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray label box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/labelQt4.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
+ the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+enumerate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
+ example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
+ will be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+sec:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray cross-reference box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/referenceQt4.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
+ in the document.
+ We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
+ in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As an alternative to
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
+\family sans
+Copy as Reference
+\family default
+.
+ The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
+ to the actual cursor position via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is our cross-reference: Item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "enu:Second-item"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to use a protected space
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
+ line breaks between them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are six formats of cross-references:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
+ normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is omitted:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<page>: prints the page number: Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand pageref
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
+ is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
+ if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
+ the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
+ it prints “on the next page”.
+ The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
+\family sans
+\series bold
+<reference>
+\family default
+\series default
+; otherwise it behaves like
+\family sans
+\series bold
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>
+\family default
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Formatted
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! prettyref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package should be used for this feature by setting
+ the option
+\family sans
+Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document Class
+\family default
+.
+ The package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ is the default and preferred because
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ supports only English documents.
+ The format is specified by using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newrefformat
+\series default
+ (prettyref) or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newref
+\series default
+ (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of the document.
+ For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
+ shortcut
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+fig
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) can be done with this command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
+\backslash
+pageref{#1}}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "prettyref,refstyle"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Textual
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand nameref
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
+ is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The varieties are adjusted in the field
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
+ce.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can only use the style
+\family sans
+<reference>
+\family default
+ to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
+\family sans
+<page>
+\family default
+ is always possible.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
+ for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
+ it.
+ Referencing formulas is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
+ The entry
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Label
+\family default
+ sets the cursor before the referenced label.
+ This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Back
+\family default
+ so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
+ You can also go back with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change labels at any time.
+ References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
+ do not need to think about this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ “BROKEN”
+ in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
+ of the reference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+References are described in detail in the section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Referencing Floats
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Table of Contents and other Listings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Table of contents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Outline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:toc"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table of Contents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Contents
+\family default
+.
+ It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray box.
+ If you click on it, the
+\family sans
+Outline
+\family default
+ window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
+ to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
+ So this operation is an alternative to the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pane
+\family default
+ that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
+ If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
+ of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC
+\family default
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+URLs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URLs
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:URLs"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+URL
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
+'s homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+.
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hyperlink
+\family default
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "href-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
+\family sans
+Target
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+.
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or a link to a file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
+ adding the prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+run:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to the link target.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
+\family sans
+Color links
+\family default
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PDF Properties
+\family default
+).
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Appendix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendices are created with the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Start
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Here
+\family default
+.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as the appendix part of the book.
+ This part is marked with a red borderline.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Credits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
+-document.
+ You can include a bibliography database,
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Known under the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
+ manually, using the paragraph environment
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+, which was described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
+ this document, like author-year citations, then you must
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+use a bibliography database.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Bibliography Environment
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
+\family sans
+Key
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+.
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and
+ we used
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+latexcompanion
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, a short form of its title, as the key.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ containing the available citations.
+ Select one or more keys from the list and
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ them.
+ Then press
+\family sans
+OK
+\family default
+.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
+ If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
+ the reference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
+ entry with surrounding brackets.
+ If you set a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
+ Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Companion Second Edition
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+-Team members are listed in the Credits:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
+ label via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Bibliography ! Databases
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
+ documents.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
+ them.
+ Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
+ and reviews along with bibliographical information.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
+ the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
+ list for that document.
+ This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
+ you have cited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bib
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX-2"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
+ special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
+ A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Wiki at
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use a database, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+BibTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
+ In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
+\family sans
+style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Add bibliography to TOC
+\family default
+ adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Content
+\family default
+ drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
+ in the document or just the cited references.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bst
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
+ Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
+ provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
+ layout.
+ It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
+ for experts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For information on how this is done, have a look at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
+ as the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ either in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ or in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+.
+ The following variants are possible:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
+ with other bibliography packages (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+), only with the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
+ letters
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
+ with all bibliography packages, except
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
+ larger memory than
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+, works with all bibliography packages
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
+ of the variants.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
+ of
+\family sans
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you select the option
+\family sans
+Sectioned bibliography
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
+ This and other options are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
+ the two methods of creating them.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ We used the style file
+\family sans
+alphadin.bst
+\family default
+ to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation Format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Bibliography ! Citation format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
+ For this feature you need to enable the option
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
+ For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style files as explained in
+ the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
+ the citation reference window.
+ Here is an example where the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appears after the reference:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index generation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An index entry is created if you use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "index-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A box is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.
+ The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
+ as the index entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\family default
+.
+ A light blue box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Index
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
+ The index list box is not clickable like other \SpecialChar LyX
+-boxes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.
+ For a detailed description of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s index mechanism, have a look at one of
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping Index Entries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Grouping
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the
+ index.
+ We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
+ lists under the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ First we create the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, we insert the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+for the enumerated list in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Enumerate"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The exclamation mark
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ marks the grouping levels.
+ You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
+ An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
+ If we don't have an index entry for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Page Ranges
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Page ranges
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
+ section.
+ But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
+ For example, if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create
+ an index entry in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|(
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and another entry at the end of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The commands
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|(
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|)
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ respectively start and end the index range.
+ You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
+ They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
+ the pages of the indexed document parts.
+ An example is the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Document ! Settings
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross referencing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Cross referencing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
+ We referred for example in the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+GIF
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the same section using the entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+GIF|see{Image formats}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where the braces have to be inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code.
+ The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
+ The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Order
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Entry order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use accented characters in the index entry the entries might not
+ follow the rules for the index order.
+ The index entries are sorted alphabetically but \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ does not know how to sort accents in different languages.
+ We have created as an example the three dummy index entries
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maison
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maïs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maître
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries ! maïs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries ! maître
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries ! maïs@maison
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison but we want the order
+ maïs, maison, maître.
+ To achieve this, we use the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+previous entry@current entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In our case we want to have
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maison
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maïs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+maïs@maison
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The previous entry need not be a real existing entry.
+ You can also use another word to tell \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ the entry order.
+ See the next subsection for an example.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
+ program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+to generate the index (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package aeguill in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages although all these index
+ commands start with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages !
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
+ To fix this
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+OrgIndex
+\backslash
+index
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+index}[1]{
+\backslash
+OrgIndex{#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Entry layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries !
+\shape italic
+This is an italic dummy entry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ You can also format the page number using the character
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+|
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command without a backslash.
+ We can write for example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+italic page number:|textit
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to get the page number in italic.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Normally all \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands begin with a backslash, but in this special case
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|command
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+command{page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+number}
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-syntax.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+to generate the index, see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you use
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+, this will not work for anything other than bold or italic text.
+ This is because
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+ requires you to define semantic elements before they can be used, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "p. 678 ff."
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown
+ above.
+ Instead, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.
+ Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of
+ the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.
+ If so, put the following in the preamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+IndexDef}[1]{
+\backslash
+textit{#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and write
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+my entry|IndexDef
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+in the index entry.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher
+ insists that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to
+ change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also change the layout for the whole index.
+ For example, we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get
+ a bold font for all index entries.
+ For more advanced tasks you have to set up a so-called
+\emph on
+Index Style File
+\emph default
+, see the
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+ documentation for details,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex,xindy"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Program
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Index ! Program
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the index generation program
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+ is installed, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses it for index generation; otherwise the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+, the program that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution, is used.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Makeindex
+\family default
+ is very old, no longer under development and has many pitfalls, notably
+ that it was developed with only the English language in mind.
+ So it fails to sort anything other than a monolingual English text correctly.
+ We have shown above how to fix this sorting.
+ However, if you are writing in another than the English language, consider
+ to use
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s preferences
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The available options are listed and explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In this dialog, you can also specify an alternative program to generate
+ the index.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need specific options or an alternative index program only for a
+ given document, you can define the program and\SpecialChar breakableslash
+or the options in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Indexes
+\family default
+.
+ This is especially useful if you need to pass language-specific options
+ to the index program or if you need a specific layout style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Multiple Indexes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In many fields it is common to have more than one index.
+ For instance, you might need to set up a separate
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Index of Names
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ next to the standard index.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not provide this possibility out of the box, but there are packages
+ that add this feature.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the
+\series bold
+splitidx
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! splitidx
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ package to generate multiple indexes.
+ The package is included in all recent \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distributions.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If yours does not ship it, consult the \SpecialChar TeX
+ catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that the package does not only consist of a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ style, but it also includes
+ specific preprocessor programs that need to be installed as well.
+ Please consult the package's manual for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for the use of multiple indexes, go to
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Indexes
+\family default
+ and select the option
+\family sans
+Use multiple Indexes
+\family default
+.
+ Note that the list
+\family sans
+Available Indexes
+\family default
+ already contains the standard index
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Index
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To add further indexes, add the name of the index (in the form that should
+ also appear as a heading) to the
+\family sans
+New
+\family default
+ input field and press the
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ button.
+ The new index now also appears in the list.
+ If you like, you can attribute an alternative \SpecialChar LyX
+ label color to the new index.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Once the document changes have been applied, you can find the new index
+ list in
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC
+\family default
+ and the
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+ menu has a separate entry for each of the defined indexes.
+ The workflow is basically the same as for the default index, but there
+ are additional features:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you want to change the attribution of a specific index entry, right-clicking
+ on the entry's label will open a dialog where you can do that.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
+ Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Subindex.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
+ For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
+ is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
+ thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Nomenclature/Glossary
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Glossary|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nomenclature"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you need to provide a list of technical terms or symbols that
+ are mentioned in your document with a brief explanation of them – a so
+ called nomenclature or glossary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to create nomenclatures or glossaries, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! nomencl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+ You find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry
+ and then use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\family default
+N
+\family sans
+omenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "nomencl-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Nom
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.
+ The first is the term or
+\family sans
+Symbol
+\family default
+ that you wish to define.
+ The second is the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ of the term or symbol.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Definition and Layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the
+\family sans
+Symbol
+\family default
+ field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-formulas.
+ For example to get
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, insert this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character starts/ends the formula.
+ The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning with
+ a backslash
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,
+ like
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Sigma
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot use the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog to format the description text; you have to use \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in this document is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+dummy entry for the character
+\backslash
+textsf{sigma}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textsf
+\series default
+ sets the fonts to
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+.
+ To get
+\series bold
+bold
+\series default
+ font use the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textbf
+\series default
+, for
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+texttt
+\series default
+, for
+\emph on
+emphasized
+\emph default
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+emph
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To customize the appearance of all symbols add e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+the command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomlabel}[1]{
+\backslash
+textsf{
+\backslash
+textbf{#1}}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+to the LaTeX preamble in the document settings.
+ This command will make the font of all symbols
+\series bold
+bold
+\series default
+ and
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the characters |
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+, @ and
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+"
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
+ a quote character in front of them.
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
+description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature ! Sort order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-code of the symbol
+ definition.
+ This leads to undesired results when you, for example, have symbols in
+ formulas.
+ Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols
+\emph on
+a
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "a"
+description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+prefix "sigma"
+symbol "$\\sigma$"
+description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ They will be sorted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+a
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ – the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+ will be sorted before the
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ since the character
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is considered in sorting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To control the sort order, you can edit the
+\family sans
+Sort
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+as
+\family default
+ field of the nomenclature dialog.
+ Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol
+ definition.
+ For the example given, you can insert
+\family typewriter
+sigma
+\family default
+ in this field for the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+, then
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ will be located before
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "nomencl"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature ! Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.
+ Here are some of its options; for more have a look at its documentation:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+refeq Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, see equation (
+\emph on
+eq
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
+\family sans
+\emph on
+eq
+\family default
+\emph default
+ is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+refpage Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, page (
+\emph on
+page
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
+\family sans
+\emph on
+page
+\family default
+\emph default
+ is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document
+ class options list in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ In this document the options
+\series bold
+refpage, intoc
+\series default
+ are used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature
+ entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ field in the nomenclature dialog:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq Like the
+\series bold
+refeq
+\series default
+ option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefpage Like the
+\series bold
+refpage
+\series default
+ option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeqpage Short notation of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq
+\backslash
+nomrefpage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeq,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefpage,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Words like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ are automatically translated for some document languages.
+ If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace(#1)}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+and replace
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+see equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ by their translation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printing the Nomenclature
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature ! Printing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To print the nomenclature, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+.
+ A box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.
+ By right-clicking on it, the amount of space for symbols can be altered.
+ You can choose between these settings:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default a space of 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm is used
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width the width of the widest symbol of all nomenclature entries is used
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom custom space
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the
+ command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomname
+\series default
+ in the preamble.
+ For example, in order to change the name to
+\emph on
+List of Symbols
+\emph default
+, add the following line to the preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomname}{List of Symbols}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Program
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Nomenclature ! Program
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+, that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution, to generate the nomenclature.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s preferences dialog allows you to specify another program or to control
+
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ by adding options, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The available options are listed and explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "nomencl,makeindex"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Branches
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Branches
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Branches
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Branches"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.
+ For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the
+ pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same
+ document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For these cases \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to put text into branches.
+ The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.
+ To create a branch, either select the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Branch\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Insert New Branch
+\family default
+ (if you just want to specify a new branch) or go in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog to
+\family sans
+Branches
+\family default
+, where you can specify and change the name of the branch, its activation
+ state (whether the content of the branch is shown in the output or not),
+ its background color inside \SpecialChar LyX
+ and whether the name of the branch should
+ be appended to the document file name on export if the branch is active
+ (see below for an example).
+ Furthermore, the dialog lets you merge two branches (just rename one branch
+ to the name of the other) and to add
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unknown branches
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+branches that were added to the document via copy and paste from other documents
+, without having been defined) to the document's branch list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.
+ These boxes are inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Branch
+\family default
+ where you can choose a branch.
+ You can later change the activation state of the branch by right-clicking
+ on them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch
+ is deactivated and therefore does not appear in the output:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you activate
+\family sans
+Filename Suffix
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Branches
+\family default
+, the name of the active branches will be appended to the file name at export.
+ Consider for example a file
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Exam.lyx
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ which has the above branches.
+ If
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Filename Suffix
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is active, the PDF export file would be called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Exam.pdf
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ if both the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Question
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Answer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ branch were inactive,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Exam-Question.pdf
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ if only the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Question
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ branch was active, likewise
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Exam-Answer.pdf
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ if only the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Answer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ branch was active, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Exam-Question-Answer.pdf
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ if both branches were active.
+ This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,
+ like inside equations, you can code special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definitions for each branch.
+ For example you can define for the question branch
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For an introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-syntax, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and for the answer branch
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now it is possible to use the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question{\SpecialChar ldots
+}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+answer{\SpecialChar ldots
+}
+\series default
+ commands to obtain conditional output.
+ Here is an example formula where only the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question
+\series default
+ part appears:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see the
+
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Each type of branch is allowed to have its specific style defined in layout
+ files (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+any branch inset can be automatically wrapped by your own \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands.).
+ For this advanced usage, see the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual, section
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Flex insets and InsetLayout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+PDF Properties
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:PDF-Properties"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+PDF properties
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PDF Properties
+\family default
+ dialog allows you to set up special options for the PDF output of your
+ document.
+ All these options are provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+hyperref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! hyperref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which will link all cross-references in the DVI- and PDF-output.
+ This means that the reader of your document will be able to click on a
+ table of contents entry or on a reference to move to the cross-referenced
+ part of the document.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The header information in the dialog tab
+\family sans
+General
+\family default
+ is saved together with the PDF as file properties.
+ Many programs are able to extract this information, for example, automatically
+ to recognize who the author is and what the PDF is about.
+ This is very useful to sort, classify or use PDFs for bibliography issues.
+ When the option
+\family sans
+Automatically
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fill
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+ is set, \SpecialChar LyX
+ tries to extract the header information from your document title
+ and author entries.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fullscreen
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ will open the PDF in fullscreen mode, which is useful for presentations.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can specify in the dialog tab
+\family sans
+Hyperlinks
+\family default
+ how the links will look and if links for bibliographical backreferences
+ are created.
+ The
+\family sans
+Break
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+links
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+over
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lines
+\family default
+ option allows long links to be split;
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+frames
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+around
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+links
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Color
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+links
+\family default
+ both turn off the default behavior of enclosing all links in frames;
+\family sans
+Color
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+links
+\family default
+ colors the different links.
+ The default colors are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\color magenta
+magenta
+\color inherit
+ for hyperlinks and URLs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\color red
+red
+\color inherit
+ for links
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\color green
+green
+\color inherit
+ for citations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+but you can change these in the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+.
+ For example, in this document they were changed with the additional options:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the option
+\family sans
+Backreferences
+\family default
+ is set, the hyperlinks will appear in the bibliography after the different
+ entries, showing, depending on the option selected, the number of the section,
+ slide or page where the entry is referenced.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the dialog tab
+\family sans
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ you can specify if PDF-bookmarks should be created for every section of
+ your document to make it easier for readers to navigate through the document.
+ You can decide if the bookmarks should be numbered like your document sections
+ or not.
+ With the
+\family sans
+Open bookmarks
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Level
+\family default
+ you can specify what sectioning level should be displayed in the bookmarks
+ when opening the PDF.
+ For example level
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 will display all sections and subsections, while level
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1 will only display the sections.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PDF properties are also used in this document.
+ When you look in its document settings, you can see that some additional
+
+\series bold
+hyperref
+\series default
+ options are used.
+ For an explanation of all them we refer you to the hyperref manual
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "hyperref"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Code and the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Syntax
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Code Boxes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in the background, it supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands and constructs,
+ but not all.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ contains hundreds of packages that provide different commands.
+ All the time packages are being updated and new ones added.
+ This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there
+ is a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package for every problem, though \SpecialChar LyX
+ cannot support all packages and
+ their commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+But don't worry, you can use any \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command directly in \SpecialChar LyX
+ inside the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code
+ box.
+ A \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box is created by the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
+\family default
+ or by the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "ert-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on
+ it and selecting
+\family sans
+Close Inset
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert complete or incomplete commands as \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code.
+ Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
+ text.
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
+ using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fbox
+\series default
+, you can write the command part
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fbox{
+\series default
+ in a \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box before the word and the closing brace
+\series bold
+}
+\series default
+ in a second \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box behind the word.
+ The word between the two \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code boxes is then the argument as it is in the
+ following example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ERT.png
+ scale 89
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+gives
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with a
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+framed
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ word.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ At the end of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands without parameters, you have to insert a space
+ to let \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ know that the command is finished.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+A Short Introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Syntax
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
+ about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands that \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses in the background.
+ Because \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is based on commands, you can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+program
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ your text.
+ This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
+ any time if you know the right commands.
+ For example, imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline
+ is the end of the day.
+ Your boss has just complimented you for your good work but wants to have
+ all caption labels bold.
+ But you have over a hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
+ in your manual.
+ Of course it is impossible to change all caption labels manually in one
+ day.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ comes into play.
+ As mentioned above, for every problem there exists a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package.
+ First you have to find out which and therefore look in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package database,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Catalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As result you find that the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! caption
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is what you need.
+ To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preamble
+\family default
+) with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[options]{package name}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
+ two braces and the options are set within two brackets.
+ Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In your case the package name is
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+.
+ After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option
+
+\series bold
+labelfont=bf
+\series default
+ will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
+ So you add the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to the preamble and the problem is solved.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more commands provided by the
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+ package, have a look at its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "caption"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well-known problems
+ like your case.
+ For example if you use a
+\family sans
+KOMA-Script
+\family default
+ class, you don't need the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+, you can instead write
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont{captionlabel}{
+\backslash
+bfseries}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+in the preamble and the problem is solved.
+ So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
+ documentation of the document class you want to use.
+ (
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont
+\series default
+ is an example of a command with more than one argument.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Commands in the preamble affect the whole document, while commands in the
+ text affect only the text after the command or only the text used as command
+ argument.
+ To insert a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command in text, use the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box as described in the previous
+ section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to learn more about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and its syntax, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-books
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+pagestyle{fancy}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+switches temporarily to a page style with custom header and footer line
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Left Header
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+rightmark
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+defines the header line as described below
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Center Header
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Right Header
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+leftmark
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Left Footer
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+thepage
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Center Footer
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series bold
+\color red
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+'s user guide
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Magic code:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Right Footer
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+Roman{page}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Customized Page Headers and Footers
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Header/Footer line
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Header/Footer line
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To define a custom page header and footer line for your document, you need
+ to set the
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+style
+\family default
+ to
+\family sans
+Fancy
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+.
+ As a second step add in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Modules
+\family default
+ the module
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Custom Header/Footerlines
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This module offers the following 6
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+styles:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Center
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Center
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+for the different positions in the header/footer.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally, headers and footers are set up at the beginning of the document.
+ But you can change them anywhere you want to.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Page-layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the page layout and where the header/footer styles will appear.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+placement h
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30line%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="30line%">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="30line%">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Left Header
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Center Header
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Right Header
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none" width="90line%">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The normal text on the page goes here.
+ The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
+ footnotes).
+ Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
+ the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Left Footer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Center Footer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Right Footer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Page-layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Page layout with custom header and footer line.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note
+\series default
+: some document classes implement their own customized page headers and
+ footers if
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+style
+\family default
+ is set to “Default”.
+ Check what these are before you specify your own customized page headers
+ and footers.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Definition
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To define your header line, add all three header styles.
+ The things you add to the styles appear on odd numbered pages, the things
+ in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
+ For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and
+ can be omitted.
+ If you leave a style or its argument empty, nothing appears in the output.
+ Defining the footer line works similarly.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the definition, you will need some \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands that are inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code
+ (menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
+\family default
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+thepage prints the current page number
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+Roman{page} prints the current page number with capital roman numerals
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+roman{page} prints the current page number with small roman numerals
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+leftmark prints the current section number and title.
+ If the document has chapters, it prints the current chapter number and
+ title instead.
+ It is called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+leftmark
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+ because it usually goes in a left header.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+rightmark prints the current subsection number and title.
+ If the document has chapters, it prints the current section number and
+ title instead.
+ It is normally used in the right header.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Default header/footer
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The custom header/footer is not empty by default.
+ The default header contains the chapter and section title and the center
+ footer has the page number.
+ In order to remove unwanted entries from the header/footer, include the
+ relevant header/footer style in your document, but leave it blank.
+ So, if you do not want a page number in the footer, include a blank
+\family sans
+Center
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer
+\family default
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Appearance
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The header and footer will appear on normal pages.
+ Some pages are different.
+ The title page has a style of its own, and so does any page that starts
+ a new part or chapter in your book.
+ Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.
+ There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on
+ the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Header and footer decoration line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, you get a 0.4
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt thick line below the header and no footer line.
+ This can be changed in the document preamble with the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+headrulewidth
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+footrulewidth
+\series default
+ in the following way:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+headrulewidth}{thickness}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where thickness is a size in standard units like
+\family sans
+pt
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+mm
+\family default
+.
+ If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The lines can also be colored, but this requires more knowledge of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ If you really need this, have a look at the Internet or in sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+4.4 of the book
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Several header/footer lines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
+ this by adding a normal line break in the style definition.
+ However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
+ text line.
+ To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ length
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+headheight
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+footheight
+\series default
+ in this entry in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Lat
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preamble
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+headheight}{height}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where height is a size in standard units.
+ If you don't know which amount of space is needed for the height, define
+ your header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
+ Then open the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ logfile with the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX Log
+\family default
+ and use the button
+\family sans
+Next
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Warning
+\family default
+ to see if you can find a warning about the package
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! fancyhdr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If there is such a warning, it contains the space that you need at least
+ for your header/footer.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+This example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This example demonstrates what can be done with custom header/footers.
+ Don't use it for your document as it is just an example.
+ This example consists of the following definition:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rightmark
+\series default
+, empty optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Center
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header empty, empty optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Header empty,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+leftmark
+\series default
+ in the optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer empty,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+thepage
+\series default
+ in the optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Center
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer
+\family sans
+\series bold
+\color red
+\SpecialChar LyX
+'s user guide
+\family default
+\series default
+\color inherit
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Magic code:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Footer
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Roman{page}
+\series default
+, empty optional argument
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+headrulewidth set to 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In principle you can use almost everything in headers/footers, except floats.
+ For more specialized features, for example, thumb-indexes, see the manual
+ of the
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+ package,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "fancyhdr"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+pagestyle{headings}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+switches back to page style with the default headings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Previewing Snippets of your Document
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Instant preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the fly
+ so you can see how they will look in the final document without having
+ to break your train of thought with viewing the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Prerequisites
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get previews working, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+preview-latex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! preview-latex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (on some systems named simply
+\series bold
+preview
+\series default
+) installed.
+ If it is not already installed, you will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
+-catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system.
+ You obtain prettier results if you install the program
+\family typewriter
+pnmcrop
+\family default
+ from the
+\family typewriter
+netpbm
+\family default
+ package; for \SpecialChar LyX
+ on Windows this program and also the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package are automatically
+ installed together with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling previews
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you would for example like to see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+,
+ activate the option
+\family sans
+Display
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Graphics
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+dialog under
+\family sans
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Display
+\family default
+.
+ Then set
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preview
+\family default
+ to
+\family sans
+On
+\family default
+.
+ The
+\family sans
+Preview
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Size
+\family default
+ is the multiplication factor for the size.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you would like to see everything but your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+,
+ set
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preview
+\family default
+ to
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Previews are generated when you load a document into \SpecialChar LyX
+ and when you finish
+ editing an inset.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Previews of an already loaded document are not in every case immediately
+ generated by activating the option
+\family sans
+Display
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Graphics
+\family default
+.
+ Reopening the document will fix such problems.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Selected document parts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides math there are other cases where you might like to see a preview,
+ for example things that \SpecialChar LyX
+ cannot render like rotated parts or things that
+ are not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ To do this, insert a preview inset via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preview
+\family default
+.
+ Insert or paste the stuff that you want to preview into this inset.
+ The preview will be generated when the cursor is outside the preview inset.
+ If you click on the preview, you can edit the previewed stuff.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example: To create rotated boxes, you use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rotatebox
+\series default
+ which is not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rotatebox
+\series default
+ is explained in section
+\emph on
+Rotated and Scaled Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Instead of the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code boxes you want to see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ the final rotated boxes,
+ for example to adjust the rotation angle to fit with the surrounding text.
+ Therefore you create a preview inset and copy the text with the rotated
+ boxes into it.
+ Here is the result:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Preview
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+This is a line
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+rotatebox[origin=r]{-60}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Doublebox
+position "c"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 0
+inner_pos "c"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "1in"
+special "width"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+with rotated
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ framed text
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+rotatebox[origin=lb]{60}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and a formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Previewing works also for colors.
+ In this example a special framed, colored box was created using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fcolorbox
+\series default
+ is explained in section
+\emph on
+Colored Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Preview
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fboxrule 1mm
+\backslash
+fboxsep 1mm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+This is text within a colored, framed box.
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not show a preview, make sure that you enabled previews as described
+ above and also make sure that \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code in the preview inset is valid and that
+ you loaded the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages in your document preamble that are required by
+ the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code.
+ If \SpecialChar LyX
+ cannot create a preview, you will in most cases also not be able to
+ view your document due to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+ So if you have to use some \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code and don't know if it is correct, the preview
+ inset is a nice method to check it without the need to view the whole document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source code
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can preview the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source of the whole document or parts of it.
+ Use the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Source
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pane
+\family default
+ and a window will be shown where you can see the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-source code.
+ The window shows the source of the whole paragraph in which the cursor
+ currently sits.
+ You can also select document parts in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s main window, then only this selection
+ (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.
+ To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in
+ the source view window.
+ If you check
+\family sans
+Automatic update
+\family default
+, you can see the changes as you make them in \SpecialChar LyX
+; but note that if you have
+ several documents open, this will slow things down as \SpecialChar LyX
+ updates them all,
+ not just the one which is open at the time.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Advanced Find and Replace
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Replace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Find
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The advanced find and replace feature of \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows for searching of complex,
+ format-sensitive text segments and mathematics contents within \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents.
+ It is an enhancement of the standard (quick) find and replace feature.
+ The key-features are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Both searching of text and of mathematical formulas is allowed, where the
+ latter is done by entering mathematics in the usual way; not only entire
+ mathematical formulas are found, but also parts occurring within more complex
+ formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Search may be format-insensitive, so that the searched text is found in
+ any context/style (standard text, section headings, notes, and even mathematics
+), or it may be format-sensitive, so that, for example, a word entered with
+ a section heading will only be found within section headings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Search may be restricted to mathematics environments only; this is useful
+ for remangling math notation where one does not want to match any text
+ outside of mathematics environments
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Search may be widened to a specific
+\emph on
+scope
+\emph default
+, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a set of files which may be all the children of the document being edited,
+ all the open files, or all the manuals available from the
+\family sans
+Help
+\family default
+ menu
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Replace may optionally preserve capitalization, so that the replaced text
+ capitalization is adapted to the matching text (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+all lowercase, all uppercase, first letter uppercase followed by lowercase)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Basic usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The advanced find and replace feature is activated through the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Find & Replace
+\noun on
+ (
+\noun default
+Advanced
+\noun on
+)
+\family default
+\noun default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "dialog-show findreplaceadv"
+\end_inset
+
+) or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This opens the
+\family sans
+Advanced Find and Replace
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Searching for text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Enter into the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ mini-editor a simple word, and search for occurrences of it by clicking
+ on the
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Next
+\family default
+ button at the bottom of the dialog (or just press the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break"
+\end_inset
+
+ key).
+ The entered word is found both in text mode and in math mode, and in emphasized
+, bold or normal face, and in both in section titles and in standard text.
+ Pressing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break"
+\end_inset
+
+ repeatedly keeps searching forward while pressing
+\family sans
+Shift+Return
+\family default
+ searches backwards.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Case
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sensitive
+\family default
+ option allows matches to occur only with the same case as entered in the
+
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor.
+ The
+\family sans
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+words
+\family default
+ option allows matches to occur only at word boundaries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Searching for mathematics
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Mathematical formulas, such as
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+ or something more complex like
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+, may be searched for by typing them in the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor.
+ When searching for a formula, it is found both when it is alone and when
+ it occurs in sub-formulas and nested parts of sub-formulas.
+ For example the mentioned segments would be found in something like
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}.$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Style-aware search
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to search for text with specific styles.
+ This is done by switching to the
+\family sans
+Settings
+\family default
+ tab of the dialog and unchecking the
+\family sans
+Ignore format
+\family default
+ option.
+ This way, entering in the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+a normal word and searching for it would not find instances of the word
+ occurring in emphasized or boldface.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+an emphasized or boldface word and searching for it would find the respective
+ instances with the same face only, and within the same text style only.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+a normal word in a section heading, and searching for it, would find occurrences
+ of it only within section headings.
+ Also, if the text to search is given an emphasized or bold face, in addition
+ to a section style, then it is found only when occurring with the same
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+a displayed formula will only find instances of this formula that are also
+ displayed formulas (and not inline formulas).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Replace
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The entries made in the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor can be replaced with entries made in the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+with
+\family default
+ editor.
+ In order to find the next occurrence and replace it, click on the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\family default
+ button or alternatively press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-break"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\family sans
+Shift+Return
+\family default
+ while the cursor is in the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+with
+\family default
+ editor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can replace with fully-featured formatted \SpecialChar LyX
+ entries.
+ Typical scenarios in which to use this capability might be (just to mention
+ two):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+replacing occurrences of a word with a customized formatted version of the
+ same word, for example replacing occurrences of a name like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+func()
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ with its typewriter version
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+func()
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+performing a notation rework of mathematical symbols, for example replacing
+ occurrences of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $R$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{R}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (you may want to enable the
+\family sans
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+words
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Case
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sensitive
+\family default
+ options and disable the
+\family sans
+Ignore format
+\family default
+ option in the
+\family sans
+Settings
+\family default
+ tab, in order to avoid replacing all
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+R
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ letters occurring in normal text), or occurrences of
+\begin_inset Formula $x_{j}^{i}$
+\end_inset
+
+ with
+\begin_inset Formula $x_{i,\,j}$
+\end_inset
+
+, or occurrences of
+\begin_inset Formula $x[k]$
+\end_inset
+
+ with
+\begin_inset Formula $x_{k}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Advanced usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is a regular expression (regexp) based searching facility.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A good explanation of regular expressions is given in this Wikipedia entry:
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ You can search for a regular expression by inserting a regexp inset into
+ the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor.
+ This is done with the context menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Insert Regular Expression
+\family default
+ while the cursor is in the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor.
+ Characters entered within regexp insets are matched according to the regular
+ expression matching rules
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Under the constraint that any (sub)expression must match a well-formed \SpecialChar LyX
+
+ segment, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+when matching \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ code, no segments with unbalanced {} braces are allowed to
+ match expressions.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, while text entered outside regexp insets is matched exactly against the
+ same text in the document.
+ You can cut and paste regexp-mode insets.
+ Examples of using such a feature may be:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Searching for all fractions with a given denominator: for example, entering
+ in the
+\family sans
+Find
+\family default
+ editor the fraction
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{.*}{1+x^{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+ (where the
+\begin_inset Formula $.*$
+\end_inset
+
+ on the numerator is the match-everything regular expression) finds all
+ fractions with the given denominator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Searching for all text with a given style: for example, after unchecking
+ the
+\family sans
+Ignore format
+\family default
+ option from the
+\family sans
+Settings
+\family default
+ tab, entering a
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Formula $.*$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ regular expression and giving it an emphasized or bold face, finds all
+ emphasized or bold face text respectively.
+ Also, by inserting a
+\begin_inset Formula $.*$
+\end_inset
+
+ regular expression in a bullet or enumerated list or a section heading,
+ you can find all bullet or enumerated lists or section headings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Finally, references to (sub)expressions in regexp may be used as usual:
+ Enclosing parts of the expression within round braces
+\begin_inset Formula $()$
+\end_inset
+
+, and referring back to them through
+\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\backslash2$
+\end_inset
+
+, etc..
+ For example, try searching with the regexp
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+[[:space:]]([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]
+\backslash
+1[[:space:]]
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+in order to find word repetitions, if there are any.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The usage of back references in the replaced text is not (yet) implemented.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Back references work both when occurring within the same regexp, and when
+ occurring in multiple different regexps, where the numbering of back-referenced
+ sub-expressions is absolute.
+ That is,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
+\end_inset
+
+ always refers to the first occurrence of
+\begin_inset Formula $()$
+\end_inset
+
+ in all entered regexps.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Spell Checking
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Spell checking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has a built-in spell checker.
+ The menu
+\family sans
+ Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Spellchecker
+\family default
+, the
+\family sans
+F7
+\family default
+ key or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
+\end_inset
+
+ start the spell checking from either the current cursor position or the
+ beginning of the currently selected text.
+ A sidebar will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found, allowing
+ you to edit and replace it in a second line.
+ Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text
+ scrolled so that it is visible.
+ In the spellchecker sidebar, there is a box showing suggestions for a correctio
+n, if any could be found.
+ Clicking on one of the corrections will copy it to the
+\family sans
+Replacement
+\family default
+ field, double-clicking directly invokes the replacement.
+ Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the dictionary file used is determined by the document language
+ that is set in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ You can specify the language of a word in the spellchecker dialog by choosing
+ a different one at the top of the dialog.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ can correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
+ This works if you have set the language of the text parts using the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) and have the spell checker dictionaries installed.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically switches to the appropriate dictionary file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All spell-checker dictionaries supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+ can be downloaded from here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+There are 2
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+files for each language.
+ To install a dictionary on Windows, copy the 2
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+files into \SpecialChar LyX
+'s installation subfolder
+\family sans
+~
+\backslash
+Resources
+\backslash
+dicts
+\family default
+ and restart \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+With Linux one needs to install the packages for the desired language.
+ The number of these packages vary depending on the Linux distribution,
+ but in most cases these are
+\family typewriter
+aspell-xx
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+hunspell-xx
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+ myspell-xx
+\family default
+, etc., where
+\family sans
+xx
+\family default
+ is the language code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Further Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Spellchecker
+\family default
+ you can set the following things:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Spellchecker
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+engine Select the library \SpecialChar LyX
+ should use for spell checking.
+ Depending on your platform,
+\family typewriter
+aspell
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+hunspell
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+enchant
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Enchant itself is a wrapper library having different configurable back-ends.
+ Please consult the documentation or man-page of it to learn more.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ are available.
+ On Windows only
+\family typewriter
+hunspell
+\family default
+ is available.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ on Mac
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+OS can also use Mac's own spellchecker and will use it by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Alternative
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+language If this field is not empty, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will always use the given language
+ for the spell checking, no matter what the document language is.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Escape
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker
+ should escape, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+German umlauts.
+ This should normally not be needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+compound
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+words Prevents the spell checker from complaining about compounded words
+ like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+passthrough
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Spellcheck
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+continuously Checks the spelling of your document as you type it.
+ Misspelled words get underlined with a dotted red line.
+ By right-clicking on an underlined word, suggestions from the spellchecker
+ appear in a context menu.
+ Choosing one of them will replace the misspelled word with the suggested
+ word.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Spellcheck
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+notes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+comments If enabled, the spelling of non-printed document content is checked
+ as well.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Thesaurus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ provides a multilingual thesaurus.
+ It uses the same thesaurus framework as LibreOffice, OpenOffice and Firefox
+ (namely the
+\family sans
+MyThes
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ thesaurus library, which is included in \SpecialChar LyX
+).
+ Therefore, \SpecialChar LyX
+ is able to directly access OpenOffice thesaurus dictionaries,
+ which are available for many languages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section describes how new dictionaries are installed and set up for
+ the use with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Setting up the thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+MyThes
+\emph on
+/
+\emph default
+OpenOffice
+\family default
+ thesauri consist of two files per language: A file with the suffix
+\emph on
+*.dat
+\emph default
+ containing the data and an index file with the suffix
+\emph on
+*.idx
+\emph default
+.
+ The standardized file names include the language code for the given language
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+en_US
+\family default
+ for US English).
+ For instance, the US English files are named:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+th_en_EN_v2.idx
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+th_en_EN_v2.dat
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have
+\family sans
+LibreOffice
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+OpenOffice
+\family default
+ and its thesaurus installed, these files should be already on your system
+ and you just need to point \SpecialChar LyX
+ (in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionaries
+\family default
+) to the path where they are installed.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Linux, depending on your distribution and the way you installed the dictionar
+ies, typical locations are
+\family typewriter
+/usr/share/mythes/
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+/usr/share/myspell/dicts/
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+/usr/share/ooo/thesaurus/
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+ ~/.config/libreoffice/<version>/user/
+\family default
+ or alike.
+ On Windows, dictionaries are to be found at
+\family typewriter
+~
+\backslash
+Program Files
+\backslash
+LibreOffice-<Version>
+\backslash
+share
+\backslash
+extensions
+\family default
+or similar.
+ On the Mac, the default location is
+\family typewriter
+/Users\SpecialChar breakableslash
+<user name>\SpecialChar breakableslash
+Library\SpecialChar breakableslash
+Application Support\SpecialChar breakableslash
+libreoffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
+<version>\SpecialChar breakableslash
+user
+\family default
+/.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ On Windows, you can alternatively also select dictionaries for installation
+ during the \SpecialChar LyX
+ installation process, which will then be installed in the correct
+ place right away.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
+further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
+ them from here:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To install a new dictionary, download the two files for this dictionary
+ into the thesaurus path (which is set in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionaries
+\family default
+) and restart \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ If this path is not defined yet, you can use a dictionary of your choice
+ and point \SpecialChar LyX
+ there.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Alternatively, you can also install new dictionaries via
+\family sans
+LibreOffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
+OpenOffice
+\family default
+ or, on Linux, via your package manager (look for
+\emph on
+mythes-*
+\emph default
+ or
+\emph on
+libreoffice-thesaurus-*
+\emph default
+ packages).
+ If you do this, make sure that \SpecialChar LyX
+ is able to find the installed dictionaries,
+ i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+ that
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionaries
+\family default
+ points to the path where you installed these dictionaries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using the thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To start the thesaurus, use the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "thesaurus-entry"
+\end_inset
+
+ while the cursor is at the word you want to look up or while a word is
+ selected.
+ A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as
+ a replacement.
+ The suggestions are grouped into categories.
+ Note that, for some languages (such as English), the thesaurus does not
+ only show equivalent words (synonyms), but also generic terms (such as
+
+\emph on
+organism
+\emph default
+ for
+\emph on
+plant
+\emph default
+), related terms (such as
+\emph on
+political
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+theory
+\emph default
+ for
+\emph on
+anarchistic
+\emph default
+), compounds (such as
+\emph on
+tree
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+diagram
+\emph default
+, if you look for
+\emph on
+tree
+\emph default
+) and opposites (antonyms) (such as
+\emph on
+girl
+\emph default
+ for
+\emph on
+boy
+\emph default
+).
+ Generic terms, related terms and antonyms are marked as such.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The language is automatically chosen from the language at the cursor, but
+ you can also switch it in the dialog, as you can enter new words to look
+ up directly there.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the thesaurus cannot handle phrases (only compounds that are in
+ the dictionary, such as the above
+\emph on
+tree diagram
+\emph default
+), and you have to use the so called lemma form, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+the form that is used in the dictionaries (for many languages: first person
+ singular indicative active for nouns, infinitive for verbs).
+ For example, looking up the word form
+\emph on
+reporting
+\emph default
+ yields no results, while results are shown for the word form
+\emph on
+report
+\emph default
+.
+ Your best bet is to highlight only the relevant part of such a word (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+report
+\emph default
+ in
+\emph on
+report
+\emph default
+s); then you will get suggestions without needing to adjust the query in
+ the dialog, and also the replacement will probably be correct (as only
+ the highlighted part will be replaced; thus the ending remains).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Change Tracking
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you work on a document collaboratively it is extremely useful to be
+ able to see changes that others have made highlighted in the document.
+ You can then decide if you want to accept a change or not.
+ This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by strokes and colors:
+
+\bar under
+\color blue
+underlined text
+\bar default
+\color inherit
+ is an addition,
+\strikeout on
+\color blue
+canceled text
+\strikeout default
+\color inherit
+ is a deletion.
+ The color depends on the author that made the change.
+ You can change the color in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+feel
+\family default
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\family sans
+Colors
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! Change tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The author and the date of the change are shown in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s status bar when the
+ cursor is in changed text.
+ The same information is shown when you use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "changes-merge"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in \SpecialChar LyX
+:
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! Review
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ChangesToolbar.png
+ scale 90
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The review toolbar as shown above contains the following buttons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "changes-track"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "changes-output"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "change-next"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jumps to the next change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "change-accept"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "change-reject"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "changes-merge"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Merge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "all-changes-accept"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "all-changes-reject"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-next"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Next
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Not all changes are (yet) visualized, especially no format changes like
+ from
+\emph on
+normal
+\emph default
+ to
+\emph on
+bold
+\emph default
+ font or
+\emph on
+Standard
+\emph default
+ to
+\emph on
+Description
+\emph default
+ paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes – highlight
+ the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.
+ When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you information about
+ the next change after the current cursor position.
+ So you don't need to highlight a certain change.
+ Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and
+ step to the next change.
+ This way you can jump through all the changes in the document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important
+ to describe a change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To show the changes made in the output you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+dvipost
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! dvipost
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+ You will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ Catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Comparison of Documents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Comparison of documents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can compare two different \SpecialChar LyX
+ files via the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Compare
+\family default
+.
+ The comparison result is a \SpecialChar LyX
+ file with change tracking enabled showing the
+ differences.
+ In the comparison dialog you can select from which document \SpecialChar LyX
+ should take
+ the document settings for the resulting difference file with the option
+
+\family sans
+Copy
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Enable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+tracking
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+features
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+the
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+output
+\family default
+ enables the change tracking option
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\family default
+ to visualize the differences also in the PDF output of the difference file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+International Support
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+International support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section describes how to use \SpecialChar LyX
+ with any language you want.
+ For some languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain how to set
+ up \SpecialChar LyX
+ to use them:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides languages, \SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports phonetic symbols, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Special-Character"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language Options
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Language ! Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Language
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+ dialog lets you set the language, the quote style and character encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Under
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ you can choose the character encoding map you want to use for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ export.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Default
+\family default
+ is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.
+ For details about the different encoding options see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Language-encodings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard mapping configuration
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have for example a U.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language other than English, you
+ can use an alternate keymap.
+ For example, if you want to write in Italian, you can configure \SpecialChar LyX
+ to use
+ an Italian keymap.
+ The
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Keyboard/Mouse
+\family default
+ dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
+ which one you want to use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
+ different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
+ You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+S.-style keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
+ In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
+ one to support the characters you want.
+ This and many other customizations are explained in the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+\start_of_appendix
+The User Interface
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:The-User-Interface"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This appendix lists all the available menus and describes their functionality.
+ It is designed as a quick reference if you are searching for a special
+ topic inside the user's guide.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The File Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! File
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Under the
+\family sans
+File
+\family default
+ menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Creates a new document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New from Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
+ the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open Recent
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.
+ Click there on a file to open it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Close
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Closes the current document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Close All
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Closes all opened documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves the actual document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save As
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save All
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves all opened documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Revert to saved
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Reloads the actual document from disk.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Version Control
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is used when multiple people are working on the same document or when
+ one person wants to keep a careful archive of changes.
+ It is described in the section
+\emph on
+Version Control in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Import
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can import files from older \SpecialChar LyX
+ versions, HTML files, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files, NoWeb
+ files, plain text files and comma separated, table-like text files (CSV).
+ The files will be imported as a new \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When using the menu entry
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+, line breaks in the text will start a new paragraph; when using the menu
+ entry
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Text,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lines
+\family default
+, consecutive lines of text will be imported to one big paragraph.
+ A new paragraph will begin when there is a blank line in the file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Export
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to various file formats.
+ The resulting files are placed in the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
+ file.
+ The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
+ They depend on the programs found by \SpecialChar LyX
+ during its configuration.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list of all available entries; some of them are explained in detail
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+CJK
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LyX format of the special \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+ Since \SpecialChar LyX
+ 1.5.0 CJK support has been fully integrated into \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DocBook text file with code in the language SGML that is used for the markup
+ language
+\family typewriter
+DocBook
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DocBook
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XML) text file with code in the language XML that is used for the markup
+ language
+\family typewriter
+DocBook
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DraftDVI \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s native DVI-format.
+ This format is not suitable if you have special characters or spaces in
+ files paths or file names in your document.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ use this format internally as a pre-stage to export to
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI DVI-format that also allows the useage of special characters or spaces
+ in files paths or file names
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTeX) DVI-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+; supports Unicode and the usage of non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts;
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ not all DVI-viewers are currently able to display this output format properly.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+EPS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(cropped) the same as
+\family sans
+PostScript
+\family default
+ but with cropped page margins.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Graphviz
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Dot text file with code in the programming language
+\family typewriter
+Dot
+\family default
+ which is used to draw visualizations of graphs via the program
+\family typewriter
+Graphviz
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML HTML-format;
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ the exported file will be stored in a subdirectory.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(MS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to
+\family sans
+MS Word
+\family default
+; as a consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and
+ not in the format
+\family sans
+MathML
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source that is compilable with the program
+
+\family typewriter
+Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source, additionally all images used in the
+ document will be converted to a format that is readable by the
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+ program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(plain) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source code, additionally all images used in
+ the document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable
+ by the
+\family typewriter
+latex
+\family default
+ program
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source that is compilable with the program
+\family typewriter
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LilyPond
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+book
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LaTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source and also code in the syntax of the music
+ notation software
+\family typewriter
+LilyPond
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+z.y.x \SpecialChar LyX
+-Document in a format readable by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ versions z.y.x (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+"\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1.x";
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+z
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ represent the version number)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Archive
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(zip|tar.gz) creates a zip-archive or a tar.gz-archive file (depending upon
+ your system) that contains your document and all files that are necessary
+ to compile it (images, child documents, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ files, etc.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyXHTML HTML-format using \SpecialChar LyX
+'s internal XHTML engine
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+NoWeb text file with code in the format of the literate programming language
+\family typewriter
+ NoWeb
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted file, to be opened with
+\family sans
+LibreOffice, OpenOffice, KOffice, Abiword
+\family default
+, etc.
+ (The OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and may not work in
+ all cases)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(cropped) the same as
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ but with cropped page margins
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(dvipdfm) PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+, produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(lower
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+resolution) the same as
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ but with a reduced pixel resolution of 150
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dpi (e.g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+useful for e-books to be read on tablet PCs or for large documents as intermedia
+te preview)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTeX) PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex) PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ps2pdf) PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
+\family default
+, produces internally a PostScript-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTeX) PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text text format
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ps2ascii) text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript
+ format and then exported as text using the program
+\family sans
+ps2ascii
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Postscript PostScript format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Sweave text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source and also code in the statistical programming
+ language
+\family typewriter
+R
+\family default
+.
+ Using the
+\family typewriter
+R
+\family default
+-function
+\family typewriter
+Sweave
+\family default
+ it is possible to use
+\family typewriter
+R
+\family default
+-commands in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If one of the menu entries
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Postscript
+\family default
+ is missing, you need to update your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu entry will only appear if you have a fax program installed (on
+ Windows you additionally need to register its program path to \SpecialChar LyX
+'s PATH prefix,
+ see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ With this menu entry you can send your document to a fax program like
+\family typewriter
+hylapex
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+kdeprintfax
+\family default
+.
+ The default format of the sent file is PostScript.
+ The format can be changed in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s preferences as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Converters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New and Close Window
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens or closes a new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Exit
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Prompts you to save all unsaved documents and then exits.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Edit Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Edit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Undo and Redo
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Select Whole Inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Selects the content of the inset in which the cursor currently is.
+ If the cursor is outside an inset, the whole document will be selected.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Select All
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Selects the whole document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Find & Replace (Quick)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Find & Replace (Advanced)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Move Paragraph Up/Down
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This shifts the paragraph in which the cursor currently is one paragraph
+ up or down.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Paragraph ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Enables you to set the paragraph alignment, line spacing and label width.
+ These settings only affect the paragraph in which the cursor is currently
+ in.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also prevent the first line of the paragraph being indented if you
+ have chosen to separate paragraphs with
+\family sans
+Indentation
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu only appears if the cursor is inside a table.
+ It allows you to create multicolumn and multirow cells, add or remove borders
+ of a cell and to set the vertical alignment of the cell.Table Settings and
+ Math
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These two menus are only fully active if the cursor is inside a table or
+ a formula.
+ Here you can change the properties of tables and formulas.
+ The properties of tables are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Tables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the properties of formulas in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Increase/Decrease List Depth
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus are only active if the cursor is in an environment that can
+ be nested.
+ They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
+nts of the same type.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The View Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! View
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the bottom of the
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu the opened documents are listed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open/Close all Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens/closes all insets in your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Unfold/Fold Math Macros
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unfolds/folds the current math macro.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Math macros are described in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Outline Pane
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Shows the outline window as described in sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Navigating"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Source Pane
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Messages Pane
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a window showing console messages.
+ This is useful for debugging \SpecialChar LyX
+ (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., hunt for errors in the program) or to see what is going on in the background
+ while \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is processing the document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Toolbars"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+ All toolbars and the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Buffer
+\family default
+ can be turned on and off.
+ The
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.
+ The
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Math,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Macros,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Review
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panels
+\family default
+ toolbars can additionally be set to the state
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+, denoted in the menu with the suffix
+\family sans
+(auto)
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is permanently shown; in the
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment
+ or when a certain feature is enabled.
+ That means that the review toolbar will only be shown if change tracking
+ is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown if the cursor
+ is inside a formula or table respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+'s toolbars and their buttons are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Toolbars"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Split View
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Split
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+into
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Half
+\family default
+ will split \SpecialChar LyX
+'s main window vertically while
+\family sans
+Split
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+into
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Upper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lower
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Half
+\family default
+ will split it horizontally.
+ This allows you to view documents at the same time to compare them, or
+ to view the same document, but at different positions.
+ You can even split the main window several times to view, for example,
+ three or more documents at the same time.
+ To close a split view, use the menu
+\family sans
+Close
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Current
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+View
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Close Current View
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Closes a split view.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fullscreen
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using this menu entry or pressing F11 removes the menu bar and all toolbars
+ so that you will see nothing but your text.
+ It furthermore displays \SpecialChar LyX
+'s main window fullscreen.
+ To return from fullscreen to the normal view, press F11, or right-click
+ and turn off the fullscreen mode in the context menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Insert Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Insert
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Special Character
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Special-Character"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert the following characters:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Symbols Opens the
+\family sans
+Symbols
+\family default
+ dialog which allows you to insert any character that can be output by your
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ system.
+ By default groups of characters are displayed in character categories;
+ the available characters depend on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages you have installed.
+ You can get a complete display by checking
+\family sans
+Display
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+all
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Not all characters will be visible in the
+\family sans
+Symbols
+\family default
+ dialog because none of the screen fonts that you can set in the preferences
+ dialog (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) can display every character.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar ldots
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Sentence Inserts an end of sentence period as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ordinary
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Quote Inserts this quote: ", no matter what quote style you selected in
+ the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Single
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Quote Inserts a single quote in the quotation marks style selected in the
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Hyphen Inserts a hyphen that is protected from line breaks: \SpecialChar nobreakdash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Breakable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Slash Inserts a slash where a line break can also occur: \SpecialChar breakableslash
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Visible
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts a character representing a single space (the one you get when
+ pressing the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key):
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Menu
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Phonetic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Symbols
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Phonetic symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Language ! Phonetic symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Inserts a box where you can insert symbols from the International Phonetic
+ Alphabet (IPA) and opens a toolbar which provides a large set of these
+ symbols.
+ To use this feature you must have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! tipa
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+More information about this feature can be found in the
+\emph on
+Linguistics
+\emph default
+ manual (
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Specific Manuals
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Formatting
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a submenu with the following options:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Superscript Inserts a superscript: test
+\begin_inset script superscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+a, b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Subscript Inserts a subscript: test
+\begin_inset script subscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+3x
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts a protected space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts an inter-word space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts a thin space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Visible
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts a character to visualize that there is or should be a space.
+ This is e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+useful if you need to indicate a space in a command sequence.
+ An example from the \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual:
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+To insert a fraction use the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+A
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+B.
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ The visible space is hereby the character before the
+\series bold
+A
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts horizontal space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line Inserts a horizontal line as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts vertical space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Vertical-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Phantom Inserts a Phantom space as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Point Inserts a hyphenation point as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a ligature break as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Ligatures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ragged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a forced line break as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Justified
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a forced line break that right justifies the remaining text
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page Inserts a forced page break as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a forced page break that shares the extra space among paragraph
+ breaks instead of leaving it at the bottom of the page, as described in
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page Inserts a clear page break as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page Inserts a clear doublepage break as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List/TOC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Various lists can be inserted with this menu entry.
+ The
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of Contents
+\family default
+, the
+\family sans
+List of Algorithms
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+List of Figures,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+List of Tables
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+List of Listings
+\family default
+ are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:toc"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The
+\family sans
+Index List
+\family default
+ is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the
+\family sans
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+ is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nomenclature"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and the
+\family sans
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ Bibliography
+\family default
+ is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert floats, as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and in detail the chapter
+\emph on
+Floats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert notes, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Branch
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a branch inset, if any, and allowing you to create and insert a
+ new branch.
+ Branches are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Branches"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Custom Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts document class-specific insets.
+ Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
+ document class.
+ An example is the document class
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+article (Elsevier)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ with three custom insets.
+ The section
+\emph on
+Flex insets and InsetLayout
+\emph default
+ in
+\emph on
+Installing New Document Classes, The Layout file format
+\emph default
+of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual explains how custom insets are defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+File
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+External Material
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu entry allows you to insert or include the contents of other files
+ in your document.
+ For more information see chapter
+\emph on
+External Document Parts
+\emph default
+ of the Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Box
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Boxes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a box in a certain style.
+ Boxes are described in detail in the chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens the
+\family sans
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross-Reference
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a
+\family sans
+cross-reference
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Label
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a
+\family sans
+label
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Caption
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Captions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Longtables ! Caption
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a caption in a float or longtable.
+ Floats are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+; captions in longtables are described in the section
+\emph on
+Longtable Captions
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts an index entry as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nomenclature"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a dialog allowing you to specify the rows and columns of the table.
+ Tables are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Tables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and in detail in the chapter
+\emph on
+Tables
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Graphics
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens the
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Graphics are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Graphics"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URL
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a URL as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:URLs"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a hyperlink as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Footnote
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a footnote as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Footnotes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Marginal Note
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a marginal note as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Short Title
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Is only visible if the cursor is in front, in or behind a section heading,
+ title or caption of a float.
+ Inserts a short title as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Code
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code box as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Program Listing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Program listings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a program listings box.
+ Program listings are explained in the chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Date
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts the actual date.
+ The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s menus.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
+ in the section
+\emph on
+External Material
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a preview inset as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Navigate Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Navigate
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu lists the existing chapters, sections, figures, tables, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of the current document.
+ This allows you to navigate easily through your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bookmarks
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu entry you are able to define your own bookmarks.
+ This is useful when you are working on a large document and often have
+ to jump, for example, between section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 and 6.3.
+ To create bookmarks for this example, go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 and use the submenu
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\family default
+.
+ Then go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+6.3 and use
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+2.
+ Now you can jump easily between these sections by using the menu or by
+ the key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "bookmark-goto 1"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "bookmark-goto 2"
+\end_inset
+
+.You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
+ The submenu
+\family sans
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ allows you to clear bookmarks while the submenu
+\family sans
+Navigate
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Back
+\family default
+ jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Next Note, Change, Cross-reference
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference after the current cursor
+ position.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Go to Label
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Only active if the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.
+ Sets the cursor before the referenced label.
+ (It is the same as if you right-click on a cross-reference box and use
+
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Label)
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forward Search
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Allows you to jump directly to the corresponding text part in the output,
+ see section
+\emph on
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+ Server\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+search
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual for a detailed description.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Document Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Document
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Change Tracking is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaTeX Log
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After running \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be enabled.
+ It shows the logfile of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-program used.
+ You can go to the next error or the next warning, search, copy something
+ to the clipboard or update the view.
+ With the help of the logfile experts can find in it reasons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Start Appendix Here
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sets the start of the appendices of the document at the current cursor position
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Appendices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+[<output format>]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu entry generates the output in the format you have specified as
+ default output format for the document (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) or in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ preferences (menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) and opens it in an appropriate viewer.
+ The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Viewer
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
+ when it is first configured.
+ The default output format is
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View (Other Formats)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu you can view your document in alternative output formats.
+ The menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the
+ actual document with an external program.
+ The menu entries are not the same on all installations — it depends on
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ programs that are found when \SpecialChar LyX
+ was configured.
+ All possible formats are listed in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You should at least see the menu entry
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+.
+ If it is missing, you need to update or repair your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Invoking a view menu will start a viewer program.
+ The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Viewer
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
+ when it is first configured.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Update
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+[<output format>]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu entry allows you to update the view with your latest changes (in
+ the default output format) without opening a new viewer window.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Update (Other Formats)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu you can update the view of alternative output formats of
+ your document without opening a new viewer window.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View Master Document
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
+ which is then its
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+master
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (see section
+\emph on
+Child Documents
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information on this topic).
+ This item allows you to view the master document from within its child.
+ That is, if you are working on a child document which is a chapter of a
+ book,
+\family sans
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Master
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\family default
+ generates the output of the whole book, while
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ will just output the chapter alone.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
+ in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) or in the preferences (menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Update Master Document
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
+ which is then its
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+master
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (see section
+\emph on
+Child Documents
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information on this topic).
+ This item allows you to update the view of a master document from within
+ its child without the need to switch to the master document itself.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
+ in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) or in the preferences (menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\family default
+; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compressed
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Compressed"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Un/compresses the current document.
+ For documents under version control it is strongly recommended to disable
+ compression (see the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual for details).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The document settings are described in appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Tools Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Tools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Spell checking is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The thesaurus is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Thesaurus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Statistics
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Word count
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Character count
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Returns the number of the words and characters in the actual document or
+ the highlighted document part.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Check TeX
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Chk\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Generates with the help of the program
+\family typewriter
+Chk\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+ a log of possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors and displays it in a dialog.
+ This feature is not available on Windows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Information
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Information
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Shows you a list of the document classes and styles installed in your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system.
+ Use the option
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+path
+\family default
+ to see the full filename paths.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compare
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Compare
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a dialog to compare \SpecialChar LyX
+ files as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Reconfigure
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Reconfigure|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Reconfigures \SpecialChar LyX
+; that is, \SpecialChar LyX
+ looks for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages and programs it needs; see
+ also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preferences
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens the
+\family sans
+Preferences
+\family default
+ dialog as described in detail in appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Help Menu
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Menu ! Help
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu lists the documentation files of \SpecialChar LyX
+ in the language of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s menus.
+ If a file is not available in this language, the English version will be
+ listed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Configuration
+\family default
+ shows a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document with information about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages and classes found
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
+ (see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+About
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LyX
+\family default
+ gives information about the copyright, the credits and the \SpecialChar LyX
+ version you
+ are using.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Toolbars"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Toolbars"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to define custom toolbars.
+ This is described in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Standard Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/StandardToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+LTleft}{0pt}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+This is necessary to left align the following longtables.
+ See the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pull-down box for the environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace -10mm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-new"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+New
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Open
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-write"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Save
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show print"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Print
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Spellchecker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Undo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Redo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Copy
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+(Quick)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+(Advanced)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Navigate Back
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Emphasize text, function of the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
+\family default
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Set text to noun style, function of the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
+\family default
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Format text using the current settings in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
+\family default
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Inline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle outline window on/off,
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Outline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle math"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle math toolbar on/off
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle table"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle table toolbar on/off
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Extra Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! Extra
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Enumerate"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Numbered list
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Itemized list
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout List"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Description"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description list
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert figure"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Figure
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert table"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "index-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "nomencl-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Footnote
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "box-insert Frameless"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Box
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "href-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hyperlink
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro newmacroname newcommand"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Macro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset include"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Child
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "thesaurus-entry"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View/Update Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! View / Update
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../clipart/ViewToolbar.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The view/update toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+View
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-update"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "master-buffer-view"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Master
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "master-buffer-update"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Master
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-toggle-output-sync"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Synchronize with Output
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/view-others.svgz
+ scale 85
+ groupId toolbarbuttons
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+*
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+View (Other Formats)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/update-others.svgz
+ scale 85
+ groupId toolbarbuttons
+
+\end_inset
+
+*
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update (Other Formats)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
+ icon set.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other Toolbars
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The change tracking toolbar is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the table toolbar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! Table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual and the math macro toolbar
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Toolbar ! Macro
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+The Document Settings
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:The-Document-Settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Setting
+\family default
+s dialog contains submenus to set properties for the whole document and
+ is called with the menu
+\family sans
+ Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+ You can save your document settings as default with the
+\family sans
+ Save as Document Defaults
+\family default
+ button in any dialog.
+ This will create a template named
+\family typewriter
+defaults.lyx
+\family default
+ which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
+ when you create a new document without
+ using a template.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The button
+\family sans
+Use Class Defaults
+\family default
+ resets the document settings to the default of the document class.
+ This affects mostly class options, the page layout and Numbering & TOC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The different submenus of the dialog are explained in the following sections.
+ There are so many document settings available that it might take a while
+ to find the one you are looking for.
+ To find a setting quicker, you can use the search field which is above
+ the submenus of the dialog.
+ If you search e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, you will see that some submenus will be grayed-out and disabled.
+ Only the submenus with page settings stay enabled.
+ The found page settings are labeled red in these submenus.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Document Class
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you set the document class, class options, a graphics driver, and a
+ master document.
+ Document classes are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the button
+\family sans
+Local
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ you can load you own layout-file, that is not in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s
+\emph on
+layouts
+\emph default
+ folder and thus not recognized by \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a layout for a document class.
+ For more about layout-files, see the chapter
+\emph on
+Installing New Document Classes, Types of Layout Files
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ Handbook.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some classes use special class options by default.
+ If this is the case, they are listed in the field
+\family sans
+Predefined
+\family default
+ and you can decide to use them or not.
+ If you do not know exactly what the default class options are for, it is
+ recommended you leave them untouched.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics driver
+\family default
+ is used for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s graphics, color and page layout packages.
+ If using
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+, the default driver for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages is used.
+ It is recommended that you use the default unless you know what you are
+ doing.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+When you want to use one of the following drivers
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+dvi2ps, dvialw, dvilaser, dvitops, psprint, pubps, ln
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+you first have to activate them in your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution, see section
+\emph on
+Driver support
+\emph default
+ in
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Specifying a
+\family sans
+Master
+\family default
+ document is necessary if the current document is a child or subdocument.
+ The master document will be used by \SpecialChar LyX
+ in the background if the child document
+ is opened without its master.
+ This way child documents are always compilable.
+ More about master and child documents is explained in the section
+\emph on
+Child Documents
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is also an option to suppress the date and one to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ instead of
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! prettyref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for cross-references, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Child Documents
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This submenu is only visible when your document includes child documents.
+ Please refer to the section
+\emph on
+Child
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Documents
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Modules are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Modules"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Local Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a description.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fonts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The document font settings are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Text Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can specify if paragraphs should be separated by
+\family sans
+Indentation
+\family default
+ or by
+\family sans
+Vertical space
+\family default
+.
+ The
+\family sans
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+spacing
+\family default
+ and whether it should be a
+\family sans
+Two-column
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+document
+\family default
+ can also be specified here.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ will not show two columns or the specified line spacing on screen.
+ That would be impractical, often unreadable, and is not part of the WYSIWYM
+ concept.
+ However, it will be as you specified in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Use justification in \SpecialChar LyX
+ work area
+\family default
+ you can decide if \SpecialChar LyX
+ justifies the text on screen.
+ This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
+ not in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Page Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog is described in sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Document-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Page Margins
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the page margins as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Margins"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Language
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Language-encodings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Language ! Encoding
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The document language and quote styles are set here.
+ The encoding specifies how the document content is exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ (the \SpecialChar LyX
+ file
+ is always encoded in utf8).
+ All characters that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding will
+ be exported as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands (this can fail if a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command is not known for
+ a particular character).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use the option
+\family sans
+Language Default
+\family default
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.
+ If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
+ than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file.
+ If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+ exactly one encoding.
+ Checking this option is the preferred setting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
+ lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
+ If you want to use this (and your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ installation supports Unicode), choose
+ one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.
+ Unfortunately the Unicode support of standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is quite incomplete, so
+ it is not uncommon that a file with lots of Unicode symbols works fine
+ with
+\family sans
+Language Default
+\family default
+ (when \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses its list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands), but does not work with a fixed
+ utf8 encoding (when the list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands is not used, because all
+ Unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).
+ The situation is much better with Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+, two new alternative engines
+ to standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ Both engines support Unicode natively.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ now also supports these two engines (via the output formats
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTeX)
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTeX)
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTeX)
+\family default
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ So if you are using many special or accented characters and
+\family sans
+Language Default
+\family default
+ fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
+\family default
+ determines the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package that is used for hyphenation and the translation
+ of strings like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Part
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The possible settings are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default uses the language package that is selected in
+\family sans
+ Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language Settings
+\family default
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Prefs-Language"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Automatic selects the most suitable language package for the view/export
+ format you will use.
+ In many cases this will be
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If the newer package
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! polyglossia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is more appropriate (is the case when using Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ and non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts),
+ this package will be used instead of
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Always
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Babel uses
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ even if
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+ would be more appropriate.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom allows you to specify a language package command of your choice.
+ For example if you want to use a language-specific package like
+\series bold
+ngerman
+\series default
+ (for German texts), type in
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{ngerman}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+None will not use a language package.
+ This is necessary for some document classes for scientific articles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list with the important encodings:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(no
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inputenc) Same as
+\family sans
+Language Default
+\family default
+, but the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is not used.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+ASCII the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English (7-bit ASCII).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ converts all other characters into \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands, which may result in a big
+ file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands are needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Arabic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1256) MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Arabic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-6) for Arabic and Farsi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Armenian
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ArmSCII8) for Armenian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Baltic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1257) MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, the same
+ as the ISO-8859-13 encoding
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Baltic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-13) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a superset of the ISO-8859-4
+ encoding
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Baltic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-4) (latin 4) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a subset of the
+ ISO-8859-13 encoding
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Central
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1250) MS Windows code page for ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-2 (latin2)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Central
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-2) (latin 2) covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish,
+ Romanian, Slovak and Slovenian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Chinese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(simplified)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(EUC-CN) for simplified Chinese, used especially on UNIX OSes, since 2001
+ this encoding is officially replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030
+ is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ you should try to use the encoding Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Chinese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(simplified)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(GBK) for simplified Chinese, is the same as the Windows code page CP 936
+ except for the Euro currency sign, since 2001 this encoding is officially
+ replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030 is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ you
+ should try to use the encoding Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Chinese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(traditional)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(EUC-TW) for traditional Chinese
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cyrillic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1251) MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cyrillic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-5) covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cyrillic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(KOI8-R) standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cyrillic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(KOI8-U) Cyrillic for Ukrainian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cyrillic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+154) Cyrillic for Kazakh
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Greek
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-7) for Greek
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Hebrew
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1255) MS Windows code page for Hebrew, a superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Hebrew
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-8) for Hebrew
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! CJK
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, when using this, set the document language to
+\family sans
+Japanese (CJK)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+, when using this, set the document language to
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(non-CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+japanese
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, when using this, set the document language to
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(non-CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+japanese
+\series default
+, when using this, set the document language to
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Japanese
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(non-CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(SJIS) SJIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+japanese
+\series default
+, when using this, set the document language to
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Korean
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(EUC-KR) for Korean
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Southern
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-3) (latin 3) covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+South-Eastern
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-16) (latin 10) covers Albanian, Croatian, Finnish, French, German,
+ Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Polish, Romanian and Slovenian, is designed
+ to cover many languages and characters with diacritics
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Thai
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(TIS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+620-0) for Thai
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Turkish
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-9) (latin 5) for Turkish, is like the ISO-8859-1 encoding where the
+ Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CJK)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8) Unicode utf8 with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! CJK
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTeX)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8) Unicode utf8 to be used with
+\family sans
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+, which use Unicode directly, without the help of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically selects this encoding if you export or preview Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ucs-extended)
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8x) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+ucs
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! ucs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+ is supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Western
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(CP
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1252) MS Windows code page for ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-1 (latin1)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Western
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-1) (latin 1) covers the languages Albanian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,
+ English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish,
+ Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish; better use the ISO-8859-15
+ encoding instead
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Western
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+European
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ISO
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+8859-15) (latin 9) like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with the Euro currency
+ sign, the œ-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Colors
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! main text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! background
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! Shaded boxes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! Greyed-out notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can alter the font color for the
+\family sans
+Main text
+\family default
+ (default: black), for
+\family sans
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out notes
+\family default
+ (default: light grey)for the background color for the
+\family sans
+Page
+\family default
+ (default: white) and for
+\family sans
+Shaded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+boxes
+\family default
+ (default: red).
+ The button
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+ sets the color back to the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clicking any button showing
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Change
+\family default
+ opens a dialog enabling you to choose from a selection of colors or from
+ a color-picker or to specify a color using HSL or RGB values.
+ In the dialog you can add any color to the custom colors to select them
+ later more quickly.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, if you change the
+\family sans
+Main
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+ font color and use the option
+\family sans
+Color
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+links
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+properties
+\family default
+, you probably also need to change the link font color as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can adapt the
+\family sans
+Main
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+ font color and the
+\family sans
+Page
+\family default
+ background for every page in your document if you use these commands as
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code after a forced page break:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the page color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+pagecolor{color name}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the text color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+color{color name}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You are restricted to one of
+\series bold
+black
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+blue
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+cyan
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+green
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+magenta
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+red
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+white
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+yellow
+\series default
+ for the
+\series bold
+color name
+\series default
+ unless you have defined your own color (see the section
+\emph on
+Colored Tables
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ Manual).
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you have changed a text or background color, you can use the following
+ names to refer to them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the
+\family sans
+Page
+\family default
+ background color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+page_backgroundcolor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the
+\family sans
+Main
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+ color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+document_fontcolor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the
+\family sans
+Shaded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+boxes
+\family default
+ background color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+shadecolor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+For the
+\family sans
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out notes
+\family default
+ text color:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+note_fontcolor
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To see how to define and use custom colors, see section
+\emph on
+Colored
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Cells
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Numbering & TOC
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the
+\family sans
+Numbering
+\family default
+ depth of section headings and the section depth in the
+\family sans
+Table of Contents
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can specify if a citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! jurabib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ should be used.
+ You can enable a
+\family sans
+Sectioned bibliography
+\family default
+ using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+bibtopic
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! bibtopic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and you can select a
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ for the generation of the bibliography.
+ For a further description see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Indexes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can define the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ that will generate your index and you can define additional indexes (see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+PDF Properties
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The PDF properties are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Math Options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These options will force \SpecialChar LyX
+ to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages
+\series bold
+amsmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! amsmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+amssymb
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! amssymb
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+ cancel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! cancel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+ esint
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! esint
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+mathdots
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! mathdots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+stackrel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! stackrel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
+stmaryrd
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! stmaryrd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+undertilde
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! undertilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or to use them automatically when they are needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+amsmath is needed for many constructs, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors in formulas,
+ ensure that you have this enabled.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+amssymb is needed for some special math symbols like bold or upright Greek
+ letters, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors in formulas, ensure that you have this
+ enabled.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+cancel is used for canceled formulas, see section
+\emph on
+Canceled
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formulas
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+esint is used for special integral characters, see section
+\emph on
+Big
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Operators
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mathdots is used for special ellipses, see section
+\emph on
+Ellipses
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mathtools is used for the math commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overbracket
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underbracket
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+smashoperator
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+adjustlimits
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shortintertext
+\series default
+ and labeled arrows, see the corresponding sections in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mhchem is used for chemical equations, see section
+\emph on
+Chemical Symbols and Equations
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stackrel is used for the math command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+stackrel
+\series default
+, see section
+\emph on
+Relations
+\emph default
+of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stmaryrd is used for a few special math symbols.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+undertilde is used for the math command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+utilde
+\series default
+, see section
+\emph on
+Accents for one Character
+\emph default
+of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Float Placement
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The float placement options are described in the section
+\emph on
+Float
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Placement
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Listings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The listings settings are explained in the chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bullets
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the characters used for the itemize
+\family sans
+Level
+\family default
+s, specify the
+\family sans
+Font
+\family default
+ set to be used and set the
+\family sans
+Size
+\family default
+ of the bullets.
+ The itemize environment is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore specify a
+\family sans
+Custom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bullet
+\family default
+ by inserting in this field the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command of the desired character.
+ For example to use the € sign, you have to insert the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+texteuro
+\series default
+.
+ For math symbols you additionally need to enclose the command with $ signs.
+ To use e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+the symbol
+\begin_inset Formula $\circlearrowright$
+\end_inset
+
+ you need to enter
+\series bold
+$
+\backslash
+circlearrowright$
+\series default
+.
+ To find the command for a math symbol, create a formula and hover the mouse
+ over the desired symbol in the math toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Some characters require to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages in the preamble (menu
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preamble
+\family default
+).
+ For example for the € sign one needs to add the line
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{textcomp}
+\series default
+ to the preamble.
+ For most math symbols it is sufficient to add the line
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{amssymb}
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Branches
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Branches are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Branches"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Output
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Doc-Output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can define some output specifics for the current document:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format: The format that is used when you enter
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+View
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Update
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+View Master Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Update Master Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document
+\family default
+ menu or the toolbar.
+ The default is set in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
+File Formats
+\family default
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Synchronize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+with
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output settings for the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+search
+\family default
+.
+ For a detailed description see section
+\emph on
+Reverse DVI/PDF search
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+XHTML
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options offers settings for the export format
+\family sans
+LyXHTML
+\family default
+.
+
+\family sans
+Strict XHTML
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1.1
+\family default
+ will assure that the output follows exactly version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1.1 of the XHTML standard.
+ The different
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+output
+\family default
+ settings are described in detail in section
+\emph on
+Math Output in XHTML
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+image
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+scaling
+\family default
+ is used for the size of equations in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+LaTeX Preamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this text field you can enter commands to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages or to
+ define \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ The preamble is a thing for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-experts.
+ You should not enter commands here until you know exactly what you are
+ doing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+The Preferences Dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Preferences
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The preferences dialog is called with the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+.
+ It has the following submenus.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Look and Feel
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+User Interface
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+User Interface File
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Customization ! of toolbars
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Customization ! of menus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing a user
+ interface (ui) file.
+ A ui-file is a text file where the toolbars and menus are listed.
+ The file
+\emph on
+default.ui
+\emph default
+ loads three files:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stdmenus.inc
+\shape italic
+
+\emph on
+specifies the menu entries for the standard menus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stdcontext.inc
+\shape italic
+\emph on
+specifies
+\shape default
+\emph default
+ the menu entries in popup context menus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+stdtoolbars.inc
+\shape italic
+
+\emph on
+specifies the toolbar buttons
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these files
+ and edit the entries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: the
+\family sans
+Menubar
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Menu
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ entries must be finished with an explicit
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+.
+ They may contain
+\family sans
+Submenu
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Item
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+OptItem
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Separator
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Icon,
+\family default
+ and in the case of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+file_lastfiles
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ menu a
+\family sans
+Lastfiles
+\family default
+ entry.
+ The syntax for the entries is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+Item
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+menu
+\series default
+or
+\series bold
+ button name
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
+
+All the \SpecialChar LyX
+-functions are listed in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Functions
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For example, assuming you use the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the
+ line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+Item
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Save Bookmark 6
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bookmark-save 6
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
+
+to the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+navigate_bookmarks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ menu in
+\emph on
+stdmenus.inc
+\emph default
+ to have the sixth bookmark.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Icon
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Set
+\family default
+ allows you to change the appearance of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s toolbar buttons.
+ The currently available icon sets are compared in
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this image"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Context help
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Enable tool tips in main work area
+\family default
+ enables tool tips showing the content of closed insets like index entries
+ or footnotes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Menus
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Maximum last files
+\family default
+ is the number of last opened files that \SpecialChar LyX
+ should display in the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Recent
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Handling
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Session handling
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Restore window layouts and geometries
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s main window will be opened with the size and layout that was used in
+ the last \SpecialChar LyX
+ session.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Restore cursor positions
+\family default
+ sets the cursor to the position in the file where it was at the end of
+ the last session.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Load opened files from last session
+\family default
+ opens all files that were opened in the last \SpecialChar LyX
+ session.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The button
+\family sans
+Clear all session information
+\family default
+ deletes all information from previous \SpecialChar LyX
+ sessions (cursor positions, names
+ of last opened documents, etc.).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Backup & saving
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Backup documents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Backup ! Documents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Backup original documents when saving
+\family default
+ creates a backup copy of the file in the state when it was opened or when
+ it was saved the last time.
+ It is stored in the
+\family sans
+Backup
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory
+\family default
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) or in the same folder as your document if no
+\family sans
+Backup
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory
+\family default
+ is specified.
+ The backup file has the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.lyx~
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Backup documents, every
+\family default
+, you can specify the time between backup saves.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Save documents compressed by default
+\family default
+ always saves files in a compressed format (see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Compressed"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This applies to newly created documents only.
+ The compression status of existing documents is not changed when saving.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Windows & work area
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the option
+\family sans
+Open documents in tabs
+\family default
+ is not checked, every file will be opened in its own new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Single instance
+\family default
+ is only active if a \SpecialChar LyX
+Server pipe
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for information about \SpecialChar LyX
+Server pipes.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is specified.
+ If it is checked, \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents will be opened in the same running instance
+ of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ Otherwise a new \SpecialChar LyX
+ instance is created for each file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the option
+\family sans
+Single close-tab button
+\family default
+ is checked, there will only be one close button (
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../../images/closetab.svgz
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
+ Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ For this option you have to restart \SpecialChar LyX
+ before the change takes effect.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the setting
+\family sans
+Closing last view
+\family default
+ you one can decide if a document is closed or hidden when its tab or view
+ is closed.
+ Hidden documents are accessible via the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hidden
+\family default
+.
+ Not to close documents can be useful if you open files parallel in several
+ instances of \SpecialChar LyX
+ and only want to close the view in once instance.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Screen Fonts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Font ! Screen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These fonts are used to display your documents within \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This section only deals with the fonts
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ the \SpecialChar LyX
+ window.
+ The fonts that appear in the output are independent of these fonts, and
+ set in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses
+\family typewriter
+Times
+\family default
+ as its
+\family sans
+Roman
+\family default
+ (serif) font,
+\family typewriter
+Arial
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+Helvetica
+\family default
+ (depends on the system) as its
+\family sans
+Sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Serif
+\family default
+ font and
+\family typewriter
+Courier
+\family default
+ as its
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ font.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the font size with the
+\family sans
+Zoom
+\family default
+ setting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Font Sizes
+\family default
+ are calculated as letter height in units of points.
+ 72.27
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+points have the size of 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+inch, see Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The default font sizes are the same as if a document font size of 10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt were used.
+ The sizes are explained in detail in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
+\family default
+ enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
+ needs to redraw the screen less often.
+ This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
+ On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
+ So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
+ aesthetics.
+ Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+OS and Windows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Colors
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Color ! \SpecialChar LyX
+ screen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Color
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can change the screen colors used by \SpecialChar LyX
+ by choosing an item in the
+ list and selecting the
+\family sans
+Alter
+\family default
+ button.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By checking the option
+\family sans
+Use system colors
+\family default
+ the color scheme of your OS or window manager is used.
+ The colors
+\family sans
+cursor, selection, table line, text, URL
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label and URL
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+ are then not customizable and thus not listed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Display
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Display
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can specify if graphics are displayed inside \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Instant Preview
+\family default
+ enables previewing snippets of your document.
+ This feature is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Checking the option
+\family sans
+Mark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+paragraphs
+\family default
+ displays a pilcrow (¶) at the end of every paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Editing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Editing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Control
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Editing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Cursor follows scrollbar
+\family default
+ sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when
+ scrolling.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can adjust the width of the cursor.
+ If you set the value to zero, the thickness of the cursor scales relative
+ to the zoom value you choose for the screen fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Scroll below end of document
+\family default
+ is self-explanatory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+ one can jump from word to word by pressing
+\family sans
+Ctrl+arrow key
+\family default
+.
+ With the option
+\family sans
+ Use Mac-style for cursor moving between words
+\family default
+ the cursor jumps from the end of a word to the end of the next word.
+ Normally it jumps from the beginning to the beginning.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Sort environments alphabetically
+\family default
+ sorts the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Group environments by their category
+\family default
+ groups the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Edit math macros
+\family default
+ options determine the editing style for math macros, see the section
+\emph on
+Math Macros
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Fullscreen
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can specify what is hidden in the fullscreen mode.
+ With the option
+\family sans
+Limit text width
+\family default
+ you can specify the width of the text in fullscreen mode.
+ This way you can display the text smaller than the screen; the text then
+ appears centered.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Shortcuts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Key Bindings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Shortcuts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Bind File
+\family default
+ specifies the file to be used to bind a \SpecialChar LyX
+ function to a key.
+ Several binding files are available, among them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+cua.bind a typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+(x)emacs.bind a set of bindings similar to those used in the editor programs
+
+\family sans
+Emacs
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+XEmacs
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mac.bind a set of bindings for
+\family sans
+Mac
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+OS
+\family default
+ systems.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also binding files designed for special document classes, like
+
+\shape italic
+broadway.bind
+\shape default
+, and binding files for special languages.
+ The names of language binding files begin with a language code, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+pt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for Portuguese.
+ If you use \SpecialChar LyX
+ in a certain language, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will try to use the appropriate binding
+ file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some binding files, like
+\shape italic
+math.bind
+\shape default
+, only have a limited scope.
+ When looking at the end of the file
+\shape italic
+cua.bind
+\shape default
+, you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The field
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+key-bindings
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+containing
+\family default
+ allows you to search for the shortcut provided for a particular function
+ in the selected key binding file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Editing Shortcuts
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Key Bindings ! Editing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
+ the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
+ functions and the bound shortcuts.
+ To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
+ provides the field
+\family sans
+Show key-bindings containing
+\family default
+.
+ In this field you can insert a keyword for a function you want to edit.
+ Insert there for example as keyword
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+paste
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and you get the four different existing shortcuts for the three different
+ functions that contain
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+paste
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in their name.
+ As you can see, one function can have more than one shortcut.
+ All \SpecialChar LyX
+ functions are also listed in the file
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ Functions
+\family default
+ that you will find in the
+\family sans
+Help
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For example, to add the shortcut
+\family sans
+Alt+Q
+\family default
+ for the function
+\family sans
+textstyle-apply
+\family default
+, select the function and press the
+\family sans
+Modify
+\family default
+ button.
+ A dialog pops up where you can add the shortcut by using it.
+ So press Alt+Q to define the shortcut.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Modifying an existing shortcut is done the same way.
+ You can also bind multiple functions to one shortcut by starting the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Function
+ definition with “command alternatives” and following it with the different
+ function names as a semicolon separated list.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will then use the first function that is enabled in the current document
+ part.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like a particular shortcut, you can remove it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Alternatively you can also edit shortcuts by modifying binding files with
+ a text editor.
+ The syntax of the entries is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bind
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+key combination
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard/Mouse
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Keyboard Map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Keyboard Map
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally keyboard settings are made in a menu of your operating system.
+ For the case thatWhere this is not possible, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides keyboard maps.
+ If, for example, you have a Czech keyboard but want to use it as if it
+ is a Romanian one, you can enable
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+keyboard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+map
+\family default
+ and select the keyboard map file named
+\shape italic
+romanian.kmap
+\shape default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can specify a
+\family sans
+First
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Second
+\family default
+ keyboard map and, if you use the
+\emph on
+cua
+\emph default
+ bindings, you can select the first and second with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "keymap-primary"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "keymap-secondary"
+\end_inset
+
+ respectively or toggle between them with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "keymap-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Keyboard maps can only provide a makeshift solution and don't work on all
+ systems.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify the mouse
+\family sans
+Wheel scrolling speed
+\family default
+.
+ The standard value is 1.0; higher values speed up the scrolling, lower ones
+ slow it down.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you
+\family sans
+Enable
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Scroll
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+wheel
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+zoom,
+\family default
+ you can select a key for zooming.
+ When this key is pressed and the mouse wheel is rotated, the text is zoomed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Input Completion
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Input completion is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Input-Completion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Paths
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Paths"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Paths
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Paths
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The paths to the various resources used by \SpecialChar LyX
+ are normally determined during
+ the installation.
+ But there may be reasons why you might want to modify them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Working
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory This is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s working directory.
+ It is the default when you
+\family sans
+Open
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Save
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\family default
+ files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Example
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+files This directory will be opened when you use the button
+\family sans
+Examples
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Open
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ The
+\family sans
+Examples
+\family default
+ button does not exist when using \SpecialChar LyX
+ on Mac OS and Windows systems.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Backup
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Backup ! Directory
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Backup copies will be saved to this directory.
+ If no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Backup documents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the
+\family sans
+Working directory
+\family default
+ will be used to save the backups.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Backup files have the ending
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+.lyx~
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyXServer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+pipe Here you can enter the name of a so-called UNIX-pipe.
+ This pipe is used to send data from external programs to \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+Example:
+\series default
+ You add a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database
+\emph on
+test.bib
+\emph default
+ to your document.
+ You can edit this file with the program
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+.
+ In
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ you have to use the same Unix-Pipe for \SpecialChar LyX
+ in its preferences under
+\family sans
+External
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+programs
+\family default
+.
+ If you want to get one entry of the database as citation, select it in
+
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ and click on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ symbol.
+ The entry will now be inserted as a citation at the current cursor position
+ in your \SpecialChar LyX
+ file.
+ Of course,
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ and \SpecialChar LyX
+ need to be running the same time.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The pipe is also used for the
+\family sans
+Single instance
+\family default
+ feature, see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Backup documents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To use the \SpecialChar LyX
+Server-Pipe on Windows, you must use this pipe name:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+
+\backslash
+.
+\backslash
+pipe
+\backslash
+lyxpipe
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Temporary
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionary Directory where the thesaurus dictionaries are located.
+ You only need to specify it if the thesaurus does not work or if you want
+ to use custom/alternative dictionaries.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Hunspell
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionary Directory where the dictionaries of the spell checker program
+
+\family typewriter
+Hunspell
+\family default
+ are located.
+ You only need to specify it if you are using
+\family typewriter
+Hunspell
+\family default
+ and spell checking does not work or if you want to use custom/alternative
+ dictionaries.
+ For \SpecialChar LyX
+ on Windows
+\family typewriter
+Hunspell
+\family default
+ is the only available spell checker and should work without specifying
+ a directory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PATH
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.
+ When \SpecialChar LyX
+ needs to use an external program, it looks in this list to see where
+ to find it on the system.
+ The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems when \SpecialChar LyX
+
+ is configured; so you normally don't have to modify it.
+ On Unix
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external
+ programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+TEXINPUTS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+prefix The TEXINPUTS environment variable allows you to use external files
+ which are included in a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document via commands in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code or in the document
+ preamble.
+ This prefix includes by default the document directory (represented by
+ a single dot '.').
+ The prefix can contain any list of paths separated by the default separator
+ of the OS (':' on UNIX like systems and ';' on Windows).
+ If files are included, the paths listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix will be
+ scanned for the input files.
+ Note that any non-absolute path listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix is considered
+ to be relative to the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
+ file.
+ It is recommended that you always include ‘.' as one of the paths; otherwise
+ compilation may fail for some documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Identity
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert your
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+E-mail
+\family default
+ address.
+ These will be used when you have enabled change tracking, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, to mark changes you make as yours.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Language Settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Language ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Language
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Prefs-Language"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+interface
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+language Here you can select the language for \SpecialChar LyX
+'s menus.
+ You can find its actual translation status here:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package determines which \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package should be loaded to handle language issues.
+ Language issues that are handled by this package include proper hyphenation
+ as well as localization of dates and text strings such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The most widespread language package is
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+; it is the default language package in classic \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ More recent typesetting engines such as Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ come with the alternative
+ language package
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! polyglossia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that is more suited to the multi-script support of these engines.
+ Furthermore, there are also specific language packages for languages not
+ covered by
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+ The available selections are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Language-encodings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start If a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package is needed to write in a certain document language,
+ you can here specify the command to start the package.
+ An example is the start command
+\family sans
+
+\backslash
+begin{arabtext}
+\family default
+ that is needed to write Arabic using the package
+\series bold
+Arab\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\series default
+, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The default is the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ command
+\family sans
+
+\backslash
+selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Command start
+\family default
+.
+ Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
+ command toggles the package on and off.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+decimal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+separator Defines the default decimal point for use in tables (decimal point
+ alignment).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+length
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unit Defines the unit that is used as default for lengths in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dialogs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Set
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+languages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+globally When this option is set, the languages used in the document will
+ be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be
+ used by all \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages.
+ Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ package.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+begin When this option is set, documents start with the chosen document
+ language.
+ When this option is not set, the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ is explicitly set to the beginning of the document in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-output.
+ This assures that the correct language is used when you use another
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ than the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+begin
+\family default
+.
+ When it is not set, the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end
+\family default
+ is set to the end of the document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Mark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+foreign
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document
+ language will be underlined in blue.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Enable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+RTL
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left (RTL),
+ like Arabic, Hebrew or Farsi.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Cursor
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movement When writing RTL, you can define if the left and right arrow keys
+ move the cursor visually to the left or right, respectively, or logically.
+ Logical means that the cursor is moved to the left when pressing the right
+ arrow key and the cursor is inside text in an RTL language.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The spellchecker settings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Outputs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+General
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
+ the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+.
+ Setting the line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Date Format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Date format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/date.1.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For example the format
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+%d/%m/%y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+prints the date as day/month/year.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Overwrite
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+export Setting what \SpecialChar LyX
+ is allowed to overwrite on export.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+search Commands that will be used for the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
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+search
+\family default
+.
+ For a detailed description see section
+\emph on
+Reverse DVI/PDF search
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+font
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+encoding This is the default encoding of the document font.
+
+\family sans
+T1
+\family default
+ is the default and covers western languages and symbols.
+
+\family sans
+T2A
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2B
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2C
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+LCY
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+X2
+\family default
+ are used for Cyrillic.
+ Combinations of the encodings are possible, like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+T1, T2B
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The font encoding is normally automatically loaded by the language packages
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ sets up in the background.
+ So there is no need to change the default encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+paper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+size This is the paper size that is used for new documents.
+ The
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ value depends on your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-system setup.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+viewer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+paper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+size
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+options They only have an effect when the program
+\family sans
+xdvi
+\family default
+ is used as DVI-viewer, read its manual to find out more.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can also specify options and commands with parameters for processors.
+ But before you change something, it is strongly recommended to read the
+ manuals of the applications.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+generation Settings for the generation of the bibliography, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+generation Settings for the generation of the index, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+command Command for the program that generates the nomenclature, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+CheckTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+command Command for the program
+\family sans
+Check\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+ that is described in the section
+\emph on
+Checking \SpecialChar TeX
+
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are additionally the following options:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Windows-style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+paths
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+files Uses paths in the notation of Windows, that means that
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is used instead of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to separate folders.
+ This option is enabled by default when you use \SpecialChar LyX
+ on Windows.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Paths
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Settings ! Paths
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Reset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+class
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+options
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+when
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+class
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+changes Removes all manually set
+\family sans
+Class options
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Class
+\family default
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+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Handling
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+File handling
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Converters
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Converters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Converters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you find the list of defined converter commands to convert material
+ from one format to another.
+ You can modify converters or create new ones.
+ To modify a converter, select it, change the entry of the
+\family sans
+Converter
+\family default
+ and/or
+\family sans
+Extra
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+flag
+\family default
+ field and press the
+\family sans
+Modify
+\family default
+ button.
+ To create a new converter, select an existing one, select a different format
+ in the
+\family sans
+To
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ drop-down list, modify the
+\family sans
+Converter
+\family default
+ field and press the
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ button.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the
+\family sans
+Converter File Cache
+\family default
+ is
+\family sans
+Enabled
+\family default
+, conversions will be cached as long as specified in the field
+\family sans
+Maximum Age (in days
+\family default
+).
+ This means that images don't need to be converted again when you reopen
+ a document; the converted images from the cache will be used instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+More about converters, like the flags that can be used in the converter
+ definition, is described in the section
+\emph on
+Converters
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+File Formats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:File-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+File formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Copiers
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you find the list of defined file formats that \SpecialChar LyX
+ can handle.
+ You can modify the
+\family sans
+Editor
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Viewer
+\family default
+ programs that should be used for certain formats.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also define the
+\family sans
+Default output format
+\family default
+ that is used when you use
+\family sans
+View, Update, View Master Document
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Update Master Document
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document
+\family default
+ menu or the toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+More about formats and their options is described in the section
+\emph on
+Formats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since all conversions from one format to another take place in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s temporary
+ directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it
+ to the temporary directory so that the conversion may be performed.
+ This is done by specifying a
+\family sans
+Copier
+\family default
+.
+ More about this is described in the section
+\emph on
+Copiers
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Units available in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Units
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ explains all the units available in \SpecialChar LyX
+ and used in this documentation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+placement h
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Units
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
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+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+millimeter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+centimeter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+inch
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+point (72.27
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+in)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pica (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+scaled point (65536
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+sp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bp
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+big point (72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+bp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+in)
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+dd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+didot (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dd
+\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
+\end_inset
+
+ 0.376
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mm)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cicero (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dd)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Scale Graphics %
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+% of original image width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+% of text width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+% of column width
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+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+columnwidth
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Page Width %
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
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+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mu
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+math unit (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mu = 1/18
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Credits
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Credits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The documentation is a collaborative effort between many different people
+ (and we would encourage people to contribute!).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Alejandro Aguilar Sierra
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Amir Karger
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+David Johnson
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Hartmut Haase
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Ignacio García
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Ivan Schreter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+John Raithel
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+John Weiss
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Lars Gullik Bjønnes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Matthias Ettrich
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Matthias Zenker
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Rich Fields
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Pascal André
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Paul Evans
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Paul Russel
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Robin Socha
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\noun on
+Uwe Stöhr
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+ Team:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+The bibliography on the following page was created with the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+label "Credits"
+key "lyxcredit"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+ Team:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Credits"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/Credits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org/Credits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens:
+\emph on
+The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Companion Second Edition.
+
+\emph default
+ Addison-Wesley, 2004
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Helmut Kopka and Patrick W.
+ Daly:
+\emph on
+A Guide to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Fourth Edition.
+
+\emph default
+ Addison-Wesley, 2003
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "latexbook"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Leslie Lamport:
+\emph on
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+: A Document Preparation System.
+
+\emph default
+ Addison-Wesley, second edition, 1994
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "texbook"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Donald E.
+ Knuth.
+
+\emph on
+The \SpecialChar TeX
+book.
+
+\emph default
+ Addison-Wesley, 1984
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The \SpecialChar TeX
+ Catalogue:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "LaTeXFAQ"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ FAQ:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "BibTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the program
+\family sans
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "BibTeX-2"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to use the program
+\family sans
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf
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+
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+\begin_layout Bibliography
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+LatexCommand href
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+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"
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+\end_inset
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+ of the program
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+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
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+http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf
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+\begin_layout Bibliography
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+LatexCommand bibitem
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+\begin_inset CommandInset href
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+\end_inset
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+ for the program
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+http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
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+\begin_layout Bibliography
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+LatexCommand bibitem
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+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the program
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
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+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
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+\begin_inset Newline newline
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+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex
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+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "caption"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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+\series bold
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+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
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+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "enumitem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf
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+
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+key "fancyhdr"
+
+\end_inset
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+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
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+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! fancyhdr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+\end_layout
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+\end_inset
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+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "hyperref"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+hyperref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! hyperref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "nomencl"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! nomencl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "prettyref"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! prettyref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "refstyle"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
+\end_layout
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+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Arabic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Arabic:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Armenian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Armenian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Cyrillic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Cyrillic languages:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Farsi"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Farsi:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Hebrew"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Hebrew:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Japanese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Japanese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Latvian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Latvian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Lithuanian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Lithuanian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Mongolian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Mongolian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Vietnamese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Vietnamese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "NewInLyX20"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ about new features in
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ 2.0
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+bibname
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+bibname}{
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+; 2}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bibname
+\series default
+ is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.
+ It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following
+ bibliography is the second one:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
+LatexCommand bibtex
+bibfiles "../biblio/LyXDocs"
+options "../biblio/alphadin"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above bibliography is created from a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
+LatexCommand printnomenclature
+set_width "auto"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
+LatexCommand printindex
+type "idx"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_body
+\end_document
+++ /dev/null
-#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 503
-\begin_document
-\begin_header
-\origin unavailable
-\textclass scrbook
-\begin_preamble
-% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
-%
-% This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints
-% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
-% parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you
-% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
-% the documentation team
-% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
-
-% for correct jump positions whe clicking on a link to a float
-\usepackage[figure]{hypcap}
-
-% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
-% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
-\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
-\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
- \frontmatter
- \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
- \myTOC
- \mainmatter }
-
-% define a short command for \textvisiblespace
-\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
-
-% macro for italic page numbers in the index
-\newcommand{\IndexDef}[1]{\textit{#1}}
-
-% for customized page headers/footers
-% only needed because they are only used in one section of the document
-\usepackage{fancyhdr}
-% change header rule width
-\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{2pt}
-
-% workaround for a makeindex bug,
-% see sec. "Index Entry Order"
-% only uncomment this when you are using makindex
-%\let\OrgIndex\index
-%\renewcommand*{\index}[1]{\OrgIndex{#1}}
-
-% the following added in Bahasa Indonesia Version
-% to follow the most common style (centered chapters) in Indonesia
-\addtokomafont{chapterentry}{\centering}
-\addtokomafont{chapter}{\centering}
-\end_preamble
-\options refpage,intoc,bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,captions=tableheading
-\use_default_options false
-\begin_modules
-customHeadersFooters
-enumitem
-\end_modules
-\maintain_unincluded_children false
-\language bahasa
-\language_package default
-\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
-\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
-\font_sans "lmss" "default"
-\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
-\font_math "auto" "auto"
-\font_default_family default
-\use_non_tex_fonts false
-\font_sc false
-\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100 100
-\font_tt_scale 100 100
-\graphics default
-\default_output_format pdf2
-\output_sync 0
-\bibtex_command bibtex
-\index_command default
-\paperfontsize 12
-\spacing single
-\use_hyperref true
-\pdf_title "Petunjuk Penggunaan LyX"
-\pdf_author "Tim LyX"
-\pdf_subject "LyX"
-\pdf_keywords "LyX"
-\pdf_bookmarks true
-\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
-\pdf_bookmarksopen false
-\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
-\pdf_breaklinks false
-\pdf_pdfborder false
-\pdf_colorlinks true
-\pdf_backref false
-\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
-\papersize default
-\use_geometry false
-\use_package amsmath 1
-\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
-\use_package esint 1
-\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
-\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
-\use_package undertilde 0
-\cite_engine basic
-\cite_engine_type default
-\biblio_style plain
-\use_bibtopic false
-\use_indices false
-\paperorientation portrait
-\suppress_date false
-\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
-\notefontcolor #0000ff
-\branch Question
-\selected 1
-\filename_suffix 0
-\color #00ff00
-\end_branch
-\branch Answer
-\selected 0
-\filename_suffix 0
-\color #aa55ff
-\end_branch
-\index Index
-\shortcut idx
-\color #008000
-\end_index
-\secnumdepth 3
-\tocdepth 2
-\paragraph_separation indent
-\paragraph_indentation default
-\quotes_language english
-\papercolumns 1
-\papersides 2
-\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes false
-\output_changes false
-\html_math_output 0
-\html_css_as_file 0
-\html_be_strict true
-\end_header
-
-\begin_body
-
-\begin_layout Title
-Petunjuk Penggunaan \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Author
-oleh Tim \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\noindent
-Petunjuk dalam Bahasa Indonesia ini disunting oleh
-\noun on
-Waluyo Adi Siswanto
-\noun default
-.
- Apabila anda mempunyai komentar atau menemukan kesalahan yang perlu dikoreksi,
- silakan kirim komentar ke mailing list \SpecialChar LyX
-,
-\family typewriter
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
-type "mailto:"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Versi 2.0.x
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Versi PDF terkini dapat diperoleh disini:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset CommandInset toc
-LatexCommand tableofcontents
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Pendahuluan
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Apakah \SpecialChar LyX
-?
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- adalah suatu sistem pengaturan dokumen yang digunakan untuk menyiapkan
- manuskrip makalah, buku, surat bisnis, proposal, juga dapat digunakan untuk
- menulis puisi.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- tidak seperti
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-pengolah kata
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- lainnya.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- menggunakan paradigma bahasa perubahan sebagai inti dari gaya penyuntingan,
- yaitu apabila anda menulis judul bab, maka anda hanya perlu menandainya
- sebagai
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Bab
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, tidak perlu menyatakan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Huruf Tebal, ukuran 17
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt, rata kiri, jarak ke baris berikutnya 5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-mm
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- yang akan mengatur semuanya itu.
- Anda hanya perlu memikirkan tentang isi dan konsep, bukan bagaimana pengaturan
- penulisannya.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Filosopi ini dijelaskan pada buku panduan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph on
-Pengantar
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Apabila belum membacanya, sangat disarankan anda membacanya terlebih dahulu
- sebelum melanjutkan mempelajari buku panduan ini.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Dalam buku panduan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph on
-Pengantar
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, selain menjelaskan tentang filosofi \SpecialChar LyX
-, juga menjelaskan tentang format
- penulisan yang digunakan di semua buku panduan.
- Oleh karena itu anda perlu meluangkan waktu untuk membacanya terlebih dahulu.
- Buku panduan lain yang disarankan dipelajari sebelum membaca buku panduan
- ini adalah buku panduan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Bagaimana Tampilan \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Seperti umumnya aplikasi program lain, \SpecialChar LyX
- mempunyai kotak menu utama di bagian
- atas jendela kerja.
- Dibagian bawahnya ada kotak bantuan yang berisi satu kotak pilihan serta
- berbagai tombol bantuan.
- Selain itu, ada gulungan vertikal dan area kerja utama untuk menyunting
- dokumen.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ada satu hal yang perlu anda ketahui, anda tidak akan menemukan gulungan
- horisontal.
- Hal ini bukanlah karena kutu program atau fitur yang terlupakan, tetapi
- merupakan kesengajaan.
- Teks yang ditulis dalam area kerja \SpecialChar LyX
- akan selalu diteruskan di baris bawahnya
- apabila melewati batas jendela kerja.
- Oleh karena itu, \SpecialChar LyX
- tidak memerlukan gulungan horisontal, cukup menggunakan
- gulungan vertikal.
- Mungkin ada tiga alasan mengapa anda masih memerlukan gulungan horisontal.
- Yang pertama adalah apabila anda mempunyai gambar yang berukuran besar.
- Untuk mengatasi hal ini, yang anda perlu lakukan adalah mengatur skala
- gambar di \SpecialChar LyX
- agar bisa ditampilan seluruhnya di area kerja \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Alasan yang kedua dan ketiga adalah berkaitan dengan tabel dan persamaan
- yang melebihi area kerja.
- Untuk tabel, anda bisa menggunakan tombol panah untuk menggeser kursor
- dalam tabel pada arah horisontal.
- Namun demikian, hal ini belum dapat dilakukan untuk persamaan yang panjang
- dan melebihi area kerja.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Penjelasan ringkas tentang semua menu \SpecialChar LyX
- serta tombol bantuan yang ada, silahkan
- membaca di Lampiran
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:The-User-Interface"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Hampir semua menu dapat dipahami dengan sendirinya dari nama menu.
- Namun demikian anda dapat memperoleh penjelasan lanjut pada sub-bab dalam
- Lampiran
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:The-User-Interface"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-BANTUAN
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bantuan yang disediakan adalah dalam bentuk buku panduan \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Anda dapat membaca
-\emph on
-semua
-\emph default
- buku panduan dalam \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Caranya sangat mudah, dari menu
-\family sans
-Bantuan
-\family default
-, kemudian pilihlah buku panduan yang ingin anda baca.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Pengaturan \SpecialChar LyX
- Dasar
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ada beberapa fitur \SpecialChar LyX
- dapat diatur dari dalam \SpecialChar LyX
-, tanpa melakukan perubahan
- atau menyunting secara langsung pada berkas konfigurasinya.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- mampu memeriksa sistem anda untuk melihat perangkat lunak, class dokumen
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, serta paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
- yang tersedia.
- Dengan kemampuan ini, \SpecialChar LyX
- menggunakannya untuk menentukan pengaturan bawaan
- yang ada dalam
-\family sans
-Preferensi
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Preferensi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Walaupun pengaturan konfigurasi bawaan sudah dilakukan ketika proses instalasi
- \SpecialChar LyX
-, anda masih mempunyai keleluasaan untuk menambah program tambahan secara
- lokal, misalnya \SpecialChar LaTeX
- class, yang sebelumnya belum dikenal oleh \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Untuk memaksa \SpecialChar LyX
- untuk memeriksa ulang sistem anda, maka anda perlu menggunakan
-
-\family sans
-AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Konfigurasi Ulang
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Konfigurasi Ulang \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Setelah proses konfigurasi ulang, anda harus menjalankan ulang \SpecialChar LyX
- untuk memastika
-n semua perubahan diterapkan dalam \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Pengaturan \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Anda dapat menyunting dokumen dalam \SpecialChar LyX
- tanpa instalasi \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, namun demikian anda
- tidak akan bisa melihat atau mebuat PDF atau mencetak dokumen tanpa \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- Apabila dokumen anda menggunakan DocBook, maka anda akan dapat menghasilkan
- PDF atau yang setara, selain itu semua dokumen dalam DocBook akan mempunyai
- keluaran sebagai plain text atau XHTML.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Beberapa class dokumen menggunakan kombinasi class \SpecialChar LaTeX
- atau DocBook atau paket
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- Anda dapat menggunakan class dokumen tersebut walaupun anda tidak memiliki
- berkas yang seharusnya sudah dipasang.
- Tentu saja anda tidak dapat melihat hasil keluaran tanpa semua berkas terpasang
- di sistem anda.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Semua paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
- yang sudah dideteksi ada dalam sistem anda dapat dilihat melalui
- menu
-\family sans
-Bantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Konfigurasi
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX
-\family default
-.
- Apabila ada paket-paket yang belum terpasang, anda perlu melakukan instalasi
- paket kemudian konfigurasi ulang (menu
-\family sans
-AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Konfigurasi
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Ulang
-\family default
-).
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The two braces in the \SpecialChar TeX
- Code box prevent that the term
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- from being printed with sub- and superscript letters.
- More about \SpecialChar TeX
- Code is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:TeX-Code"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, the printout of proper names like \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Konfigurasi Ulang \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Informasi tentang bagaimana melakukan instalasi tambahan paket \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, silahkan
- lihat sub-bab 5.1 dari buku panduan
-\emph on
-Perubahan dan Pengaturan
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Bagaimana Menggunakan \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Dasar Penggunaan Berkas
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Penggunaan Berkas
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Semua penggunaan berkas dapat dimulai dari menu
-\family sans
-Berkas
-\family default
- serta ada di kotak bantuan dalam bentuk ikon tombol bantuan.
- Beberapa menu yang berkaitan dengan berkas adalah:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Baru
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-new"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Baru
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dari
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Templet
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Buka
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-berkas
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "file-open"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Tutup
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Simpan
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-write"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Simpan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-ke
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Nama
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Lain
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Berkas
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Kontrol
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Versi
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Impor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Ekspor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Keluar
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Secara umum, hampir semua operasi berkas mirip dengan yang ada di pengolah
- kata.
- Hanya saja di \SpecialChar LyX
- ada sedikit perbedaan.
- Apabila membuka berkas baru dari The
-\family sans
-Berkas\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Baru
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-dari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Templet,
-\family default
-bukan hanya menuntun anda untuk memberi nama berkas tetapi juga memilih
- templet yang akan anda gunakan.
- Dengan memilih templet secara otomatis akan mengatur fitur utama tataletak
- dokumen, sedangkan fitur lainnya dapat anda atur sendiri.
- Templet mungkin menggunakan kelas dokumen tertentu (lihat subbab
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Document-Classes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-berkas
-\family default
- serta
-\family sans
-Kontrol
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Versi
-\family default
- sangat berguna apabila anda bersama teman-teman anda menyunting berkas
- dokumen yang sama
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Apabila anda akan melakukan hal ini, anda perlu mempelajari fitur Kontrol
- Versi yang ditulis di buku panduan
-\emph on
-Fitur Tambahan
-\emph default
-\SpecialChar endofsentence
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-berkas
-\family default
- akan memuat ulang dokumen dari cakra.
- Anda dapat menggunakan operasi
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-berkas
-\family default
- untuk mengabaikan perubahan yang sudah anda lakukan dan mengembalikan ke
- berkas terakhir yang anda simpan.
- Dengan operasi berkas
-\family sans
-Kontrol
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Versi,
-\family default
-anda dapat mendaftarkan catatan perubahan pada dokumen sehingga orang lain
- akan dapat mengenali perubahan yang telah anda lakukan.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Dasar Fitur Penyuntingan
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Penyuntingan
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Seperti pengolah kata modern lainnya, operasi penyuntingan dengan potong
- dan tempel dalam \SpecialChar LyX
- dapat dipraktekkan untuk teks, berupa karakter, kata,
- maupun keseluruhan halaman atau bahkan lebih dari satu halaman.
- Pada empat subbab berikut akan menjelaskan fitur penyuntingan yang ada
- dalam \SpecialChar LyX
- dan bagaimana memanfaatkannya.
- Kita akan memulai dari potong dan tempel.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Seperti yang anda perkirakan, menu
-\family sans
-Suntingan
-\family default
- dan kotak bantuan standar menyediakan perintah potong dan tempelkan serta
- fitur suntingan lainnya.
- Beberapa perintah suntingan perlu pembahasan khusus sehingga dikelompokkan
- dalam pembahasan subbab berikutnya.
- Perintah suntingan utama adalah:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Potong
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "cut"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Salin
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "copy"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Tempelkan
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "paste"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Tempelkan
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-yg
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-terkini
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Tempelkan
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Spesial
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Cari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show findreplace"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Tiga perintah suntingan yang pertama dapat dipahami dari nama perintahnya
- sendiri.
- Hanya ada beberapa catatan: apabila anda memilih dan menandai teks di dokumen
- anda, maka secara otomatis akan tersimpam di papan klip.
- Tombol
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- dan
-\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
- juga berfungsi sebagai perintah
-\family sans
-Potong
-\family default
-.
- Selain itu yang paling penting, jika anda memilih dan menandai teks, harap
- hati-hati: jika anda menekan salah satu tombol, maka \SpecialChar LyX
- akan menghapus teks
- yang anda pilih tadi dan mengganti dengan dengan huruf atau karakter yang
- anda tekan.
- Untuk mengembalikannya, anda perlu melakukan perintah
-\family sans
-Batalkan
-\family default
- agar teks dikembalikan seperti semula.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tempelkan
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Anda dapat dapat menyalin teks di \SpecialChar LyX
- juga dari program lainnya menggunakan
-
-\family sans
-Potong
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Salin
-\family default
- dan
-\family sans
-Tempelkan
-\family default
-.
- Anak menu
-\family sans
-Tempelkan
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-yg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-terkini
-\family default
- akan menampilkan daftar teks yang terakhir anda tempelkan.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Dari menu Suntingan
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Tempelkan
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-spesial, Teks
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-biasa,
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Disambungkan
-\family default
-akan menyisipkan teks yang tersimpan di papan klip sedemikian sehingga teks
- yang disisipkan dalam
-\emph on
-satu
-\emph default
- paragraf.
- Paragraf baru akan dimulai apabila ada baris kosong.
- Tanpa pilihan
-\family sans
-Disambungkan
-\family default
-, teks disisipkan sebagai paragraf baru, dimana setiap ganti baris menjadi
- awal paragraf.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ganti
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Cari
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Menu
-\family sans
-Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-(Cepat)
-\family default
- akan membuka jendela dialog
-\family sans
-Cari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Ganti
-\family default
-.
- Apabila anda sudah menemukan kata atau ekspresi yang anda cari, \SpecialChar LyX
- akan menandain
-ya.
- Dengan menekan tombol
-\family sans
-Ganti
-\family default
-, kata yang ditemukan tadi akan digantikan dengan teks yang ada di area
-
-\family sans
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-dengan
-\family default
-.
- Anda bisa meneruskan pencarian dengan menekan tombol Berikutnya.
- Jika anda menekan tombol
-\family sans
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Semua
-\family default
- maka semua kata yang ada di dokumen akan diganti seketika secara otomatis.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Apabila anda ingin mempertimbangkan huruf besar/kecil, anda perlu menggunakan
- menu
-\family sans
-Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-(Lengkap)
-\family default
-.
- Pada dialog
-\family sans
-Cari
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Ganti
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-(Lengkap)
-\family default
-anda bisa mengatur pencarian yang anda inginkan.
- Apabila anda mengkatifkan pilihan
-\family sans
-Pertimbangkan
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-huruf
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-besar/kecil
-\family default
- , maka pencarian kata
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-Test
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- akan berbeda dengan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-test
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Pilihan
-\family sans
-Seluruh
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-kata
-\family default
- akan memaksa \SpecialChar LyX
- hanya mencari kata tersebut, misalnya pencarian
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-star
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- tidak akan menemukan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-starlet
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers also an advanced
-\family sans
-Find
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Replace
-\family default
- feature that is described in sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Beberapa sisipan tambahan berformat, seperti nota, ambangan, dll., dapat
- diuraikan.
- Maknanya apabila tanda sisipan dihilangkan, maka isinya akan berubah menjadi
- teks normal.
- Cara menguraikan sisipan tambahan adalah dengan meletakkan kursor di lokasi
- paling depan dalam kotak sisipan kemudian menekan tombol ketik
-\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
- atau meletakkan kursor di bagian akhir dalam kotak sisipan kemudian menekan
- tombol ketik
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-The content of an inset is selected using the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "inset-select-all"
-\end_inset
-
-, the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "command-sequence buffer-begin ; buffer-end-select"
-\end_inset
-
- selects the whole document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Batalkan dan Kembalikan
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Kembalikan
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Batalkan
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Jika anda membuat kesalahan anda dapat dengan mudah membatalkannya.
- Anda perlu ke menu Suntingan
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Batalkan
-\family default
-atau dari tombol bantuan
-\family sans
-
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "undo"
-\end_inset
-
- untuk membatalkan apa yang baru saja anda lakukan.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- mempunyai kemampunyan menyimpan dalam kapasitas yang besar untuk membatalkan/m
-engembalikan.
- Saat ini mekanisme simpanan maksimum adalah sampai 100
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-kali.
- Apabila secara tidak sengaja anda melakukan proses pembatalan yang terlebih,
- anda bisa mengembalikannya dari menu
-\family sans
-Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Kembalikan
-\family default
- atau dengan menekan tombol
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "redo"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Apabila anda mengembalikan perubahan sampai ke kondisi dokumen saat terakhir
- disimpan, status dokumen
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-ada perubahan
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- tidak akan menjadi normal kembali seperti tidak ada perubahan.
- Hal ini karena anda sebenarnya melakukan perubahan pada dokumen.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Proses
-\family sans
-Batalkan
-\family default
- dan
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\family default
- dapat dilakukan untuk apa saja di \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Namun demikian proses
-\family sans
-Batalkan
-\family default
- dan
-\family sans
-Kembalikan
-\family default
- pada teks tidak dilakukan untuk setiap karakter, tetapi berlaku untuk kumpulan
- teks.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Penggunaan Tetikus
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Penggunaan Tetikus
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Berikut ini adalah dasar pengunaan tetikus.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Memindah Kursor
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Tekan atau klik
-\emph on
-tombol tetikus kiri
-\emph default
- sekali di daerah jendela kerja \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Kursor akan mengikuti dan berkedip tepat di tempat anda menekan tombol
- kiri tetikus.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Memilih dan Menandai Teks
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Tekan dan tahan
-\emph on
-tombol kiri tetikus
-\emph default
- kemudian seret tetikus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- akan menandai teks mulai dari awal kursor sebelum diseret sampai ke tempat
- posisi kursor setelah diseret.
- Gunakan
-\family sans
-Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Salin
-\family default
- untuk membuat salinan teks dalam simpanan \SpecialChar LyX
- (dan papan klip).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Pindahkan kursor ke tempat lain kemudian tempelkan teks yang disimpan ke
- lokasi baru, menggunakan
-\family sans
-Suntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\family default
-Tempelkan.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Sisipan Tambahan (Catatan kaki, Nota, Ambangan, etc.)
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\emph on
-Klik-kanan
-\emph default
- pada sisipan tambahan untuk melihat propertinya.
- Anda perlu membaca pada bab tertentu di buku panduan ini untuk penjelasan
- lebin terperinci.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Section
-Navigasi
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Navigating"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Navigasi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you several ways to navigate in documents:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\lang english
-The
-\family sans
-Navigate
-\family default
- menu lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can
- click to jump to the corresponding document part.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\lang english
-The `Outline', which is accessed either by the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Outline
-\family default
- or by the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-toggle toc"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\lang english
-You can set bookmarks in your document under
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bookmarks
-\family default
- and use the same menu to return to them.
- Note that bookmarks are saved between sessions.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-The toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
-\end_inset
-
- (also
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
-NavigateBack
-\family default
-) jumps to the position in the document where you recently changed something.
- This is useful when you have a large document and have navigated or scrolled
- to another document part to look for something, and want to go back to
- your last editing position.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\lang english
-The Outliner
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-The Outline was known in earlier versions of \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-TOC
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, since its original purpose was to display the document's table of contents.
- The Outline has become much more powerful now, however.
- In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
- several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
- of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
-ces (see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand formatted
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-), or notes, or citations (see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand formatted
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your
- document.
- The Outline has become much more powerful now, however.
- In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
- several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
- of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
-ces (see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand formatted
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-), or notes, or of citations (see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand formatted
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Clicking on any of these will take you to the corresponding object in your
- document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-Right-clicking on elements in the Outline will in many cases open a context
- menu that will allow for direct modification of those elements.
- For example, with citations, the context menu allows you to open the citation
- dialog and to modify the citation.
- Right-clicking a change will allow you to accept or reject it.
- And so on.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-The `Filter' field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-sub:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the filter, and only entries containing that text will be displayed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-At the bottom of the outline are several buttons and the like that allow
- you further to control the display.
- The
-\family sans
-Sort
-\family default
- option sorts the current list alphabetically.
- Otherwise, the elements appear in the order in which they occur in the
- document.The
-\family sans
-Keep
-\family default
- option keeps it in the current view state.
- Keeping means that when you have e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the subsections of section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2 and 4 shown and click on section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3, the subsections of section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2 and 4 will still be shown.
- Without the
-\family sans
-Keep
-\family default
- option they will be hidden to highlight the clicked section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3.
- Finally, the slider at the left can be used to open the Outline to a given
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-depth
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It is best just to experiment with it to see how it works.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-The
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "reload"
-\end_inset
-
- button refreshes the TOC (though this should not usually be necessary).
- Next to it are buttons that allow you to change the position of sections
- in your document.
- The
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "outline-down"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "outline-up"
-\end_inset
-
- buttons move sections up and down in the document.
- So, for example, you can move section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.5 before section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.4 or after section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.6.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.
- With the buttons
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "outline-out"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "outline-in"
-\end_inset
-
- (or the corresponding key bindings
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Shift-Tab
-\family default
-) you can change the level of sections.
- So you can for example make section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.5 chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3 or to subsection
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.4.1.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Masukan / Melengkapi Kata
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Input-Completion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Masukan kata
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Melengkapi kata|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Masukan kata
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- menyediakan data kata-kata untuk mempercepat proses penyuntingan dari hasil
- memindai kata-kata dalam dokumen yang sedang dibuka.
- Semua kata-kata yang ada dalam dokumen disimpan dalam basis data untuk
- digunakan melengkapi kata saat proses penyuntingan.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pengaturan bawaan \SpecialChar LyX
- untuk melengkapi kata adalah dalam bentuk yang paling
- sederhana yaitu menggunakan tampilan kursor segitiga sebagai tanda bahwa
- sudah ada kata tersedia.
- Anda tinggal menggunakan tombol
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- untuk melengkapi kata.
- Apabila ada beberapa pilihan kata tersedia, jendela kecil akan muncul dan
- menampilkan kata-kata tersebut.
- Anda dapat memilih dengan menggunakan tetikus atau tombol panah, kemudian
- menetapkan pilihan dengan menekan tombol
-\family sans
-Enter
-\family default
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Untuk menghilangkan tanda melengkapi segitiga, anda perlu mengubah pengaturan
- bawaan dari menu
-\family sans
-AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferensi
-\family default
- kemudian dari seksi Penyuntingan
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cara
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Melengkapi
-\family default
-anda perlu melepaskan pilihan
-\family sans
- Indikator kursor
-\family default
-.
- Sedangkan pengaturan
-\family sans
-Melengkapi kata otomatis pada baris
-\family default
-, pilihan kata akan ditampilkan pada baris dibelakang posisi kursor.
- Untuk menerima saran kata yang muncul pada baris, anda cukup menekan tombol
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
-.
- Apabila menggunakan pengaturan
-\family sans
-Menampilkan jendela pilihan otomatis
-\family default
-, maka jendela pilihan kata akan selalu ditampilkan.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- mempunyai berbagai pengaturan melengkapi kata untuk yang sudah mahir.
- Pengaturan lanjut akan dapat ditemui di subbab.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Input-Completion-Appendix"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Gabungan tombol ketik
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gabungan tombol ketik
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gabungan tombol|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Gabungan tombol ketik
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Pintasan|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Gabungan tombol
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ada dua peta utama untuk gabungan tombol ketik: CUA dan Emacs.
- Bawaan \SpecialChar LyX
- menggunakan CUA.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Beberapa tombol ketik, seperti
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Up
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Down
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Left
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Right
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
-, dan
-\family sans
-Down
-\family default
-, sudah dapat berfungsi seperti yang anda harapkan.
- Namun demikian beberapa tombol ketik mungkin perlu dipahami fungsinya.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "Tab"
-description "Tombol ketik Tabulator"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- LyC tidak memfungsikan tombol ini sebagai hentian tab.
- Apabila anda belum memahaminya anda silahkan sekarang membaca terlebih
- dahulu subbab
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
-
-\end_inset
-
- dan
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, juga subbab
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Lists"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Ya, sekarang juga.
- Apabila anda masih merasa belum mengerti juga, mungkin anda perlu membaca
- dan mengikuti
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Esc
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "Esc"
-description "Tombol ketik Escape"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Tombol ini digunakan sebagai
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-tombol pembatalan.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- Secara umum tombol ini memang digunakan untuk membatalkan penyuntingan.
- Buku petunjuk ini juga akan membahas lebih terperinci tentang pemanfaatannya.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Home
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dan
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-End
-\family default
- Tombol
-\family sans
-Home
-\family default
- akan memindahkan kursor ke bagian awal dari baris dan tombol
-\family sans
-End
-\family default
- memindah kursor ke bagian akhir baris.
- Jika anda menggunakan peta Emacs,
-\family sans
-Home
-\family default
- memindah ke bagian awal berkas sementara
-\family sans
-End
-\family default
- memindah kursor ke bagian akhir berkas.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ada tiga tombol ketik pengubah:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Control
-\family default
- (Diseluruh buku petunjuk Disingkat dengan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Ctrl
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "Ctrl"
-description "Tombol ketik Control"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) Tombol ini mempunyai beberapa fungsi, tergantung dengan tombol ketik lain
- yang dikombinasikan:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Dengan
-\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
- atau
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
-, akan menghapus seluruh kata bukan hanya satu karakter.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Dengan
-\family sans
-Left
-\family default
- atau
-\family sans
-Right
-\family default
-, akan menggerakkan kursor satu kata kekiri atau kekanan.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Dengan
-\family sans
-Home
-\family default
- atau
-\family sans
-End
-\family default
-, akan memindah kursor ke bagian awal dokumen atau ke bagian akhir dokumen.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- (Dalam buku petunjuk disebut dengan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "Shift"
-description "Tombol ketik Shift"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) Tombol ini digunakan untuk menandai teks dengan tombol panah, dimulai
- dari posisi awal ke sampai berhenti menggerakkan.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Alt
-\family default
- (Dalam buku petunjuk disebut dengan
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Alt
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "Alt"
-description "Tombol ketik Alt atau tombol ketik Meta"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) Sebagian besar papan ketik mempunyai tombol Alt, hanya beberapa papan
- ketik yang menggunakan tombol Meta.
- Jika anda memiliki keduanya, anda harus mencoba untuk memastikan tombol
- yang benar-benar aktif sebagai
-\family sans
- Alt+
-\family default
- fungsi.
- Tombol ini memiliki berbagai kegunaan selain berfungsi sebagai tombol
-\emph on
-pemercepat menu
-\emph default
-.
- Apabila anda menggunakan dengan kombinasi huruf dibawah menu, berarti and
- memilih menu tersebut.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Misalnya, urutan menekan tombol
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Alt
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-u
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-c
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-p
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- akan membawa anda ke dialog
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Corak dan Gaya Teks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Menekan tombol
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Alt
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-e
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- akan membuka menu
-\family sans
-Berkas
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Buku petunjuk
-\emph on
-Pintasan
-\emph default
- memberikan daftar berbagai kombinasi perintah yang dinyatakan dengan tombol
- ketik
-\family sans
- Alt
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Anda akan banyak menemukan berbagai gabungan tombol ketik serta pintasan
- yang digunakan di \SpecialChar LyX
-, karena setiap perintah gabungan akan menampilkan aksi
- yang anda lakukan serta pilihan gabungan tombol ketik lain yang bisa anda
- pilih di jendela status bawah.
- Notasi gabungan tombol ketik yang muncul akan mirip dengan yang digunakan
- di buku petunjuk, sehingga tidak membingungkan anda.
- Namun demikian untuk tombol Shift akan dinyatakan secara eksplisit, sehingga
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Alt+P Shift-A
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- berarti
-\family sans
-Alt+P
-\family default
- diikuti dengan menulis huruf besar
-\family sans
-A
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Anda bisa melihat berbagai perintah gabungan melalui menu
-\family sans
-AlatBantuan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferensi
-\family default
- kemudian dari
-\family sans
-Penyuntingan\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cara
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pintas
-\family default
- seperti dijelaskan di subbab
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-\SpecialChar LyX
- Dasar
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Dasar
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Tipe Dokumen
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Dokumen ! Tipe
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Pendahuluan
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
- need to decide what type of document you want to edit.
- Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,
- numbering schemes, and so on.
- Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,
- and format the title of your document differently.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\emph on
-document class
-\emph default
- describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.
- By setting the document class, you automatically select these properties,
- making it easier to create the type of document you want.
- If you don't choose a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
- picks one for you by default.
- So it is up to you to change the class of your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from \SpecialChar LyX
-, and how
- to adjust their properties.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Classes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Classes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Document-Classes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can select a class using the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Document Class
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog.
- Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
- you may need.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four standard document classes in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- They are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Article for basic articles
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Report for basic reports
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Book for writing a book
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Letter for US-style letters
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also some non-standard classes, which \SpecialChar LyX
- only uses if you have installed
- the corresponding \SpecialChar LaTeX
- class files, though most \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distributions will include
- many of these.
- Here are some of the classes.
- The full list with detailed explanations can be found in chapter
-\emph on
-Special Document Classes
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-A&A Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysics
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-ACS For submissions to the journals published by the American Chemistry
- Society
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-AGU For submissions to the journals published by the American Geophysical
- Union
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-AMS Layouts for articles and books in the style and format used by the American
- Mathematical Society (AMS).
- There are three article layouts available.
- The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems etc., that
- prepends the section number to the number of the result.
- All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced
- together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-sequential numbering
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers
- them throughout the article in a single sequence.
- Each type of result gets its own sequence.
- There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Beamer Layout for presentations
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Broadway Layout for writing plays.
- It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
- document class, but a new one which is distributed
- with \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Chess Layout to write about chess games
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Curriculum
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-vitae classes to create curriculum vitae
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Elsarticle Layout for journals of the Elsevier publishing group
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Foils Used to make transparencies
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Hollywood Used to type spec scripts for the US film industry.
- It is not an existing \SpecialChar LaTeX
- document class, but a new one which is distributed
- with \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-IEEEtran Layout for the journals published by the Institute of Electrical
- and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-IOP Layout for journals of the Institute of Physics publishing group
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Kluwer Layout for journals of the Kluwer publishing group
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-KOMA-Script a replacement for the standard classes, offers many useful features
- like caption formatting, automatic print space calculation etc.
- (Is used by this document.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Memoir another replacement for the standard classes
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Powerdot Layout for presentations
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-REVTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
- Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
- of America (OSA).
- This class is not completely compatible with all \SpecialChar LyX
- features.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Slides Used to make transparencies
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-SPIE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society
- for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Springer Layouts for journals of the Springer publishing group
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We won't go into any detail about how to use these different document classes
- here.
- You can find all the details about the non-standard classes in Chapter
- 6 of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
- Here, we will settle with a list of some of the common properties of all
- of the document classes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Availability
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-New users are sometimes puzzled by the fact that many of the document classes
- listed under
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Document Class
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-are marked as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Unavailable
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Or they are surprised that, when they open e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-the
-\family sans
-iop-article
-\family default
- template, they receive a warning saying that the document requires files
- that are not installed to produce output.
- So it seems that something is wrong.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-But nothing is wrong.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- includes many more document classes than you will ever need to use, and
- some of them, like
-\family sans
-IOP
-\family default
-, are highly specialized.\SpecialChar LyX
- tries to support as many different types of documents
- as possible, and it includes almost one hundred different layout files,
- with a growing number.
- No \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution will install by default all files that might be needed
- by some document class.
- There are just too many of them.
- That is why some of the document classes are unavailable.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If there is a document class you would like to use that is marked as `Unavailabl
-e', you need to install the appropriate package files.
- The easiest way to find out which files you need to install is to use that
- document class for a new file.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will display a dialog that will list the missing files.
- See section
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
- files
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for information on how to install them.
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Although \SpecialChar LyX
- provides support for many different sorts of documents, it does
- not include support for every document class people might want to use.
- For example, many universities provide \SpecialChar LaTeX
- class files to be used for dissertation
-s submitted to those universities.
- The \SpecialChar LyX
- team cannot write layout files to support every one of these.
- There are too many.
- Fortunately, users can write their own layout files, and many users have
- done so.
- Chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-5 of the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual contains information on how to create layout files.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Modules
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Modules"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Modules
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Modules load additional features that are not by default available in the
- chosen document class.
- For example you might want to write Braille (embossed printing) in a document.
- This is not available in any document class, so you have to load the correspond
-ing module in the
-\family sans
-Modules
-\family default
- section of the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog.
- Highlighting a module in the dialog will bring up a description of the
- module.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some modules require \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages that are not always installed by default.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will warn you if you do not have the needed package.
- You can still use the module while editing your file, but you will not
- be able to export to PDF or print your document, since \SpecialChar LyX
- will not be able
- to compile the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- file without the missing package.
- If you want to be able to produce output, then you need to install the
- missing package and then reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
- by selecting
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Reconfigure
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- See section
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Installing new \SpecialChar LaTeX
- files
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for more information on installing needed packages.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules are incompatible.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will advise you about these things.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Local Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Local-Layout"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Local Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Modules are to \SpecialChar LyX
- much as packages are to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-: They are intended to be used in
- a variety of different documents, and if you often find yourself needing
- the same sort of thing in different documents, you should consider writing
- a module for this purpose.
- Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, and you
- find yourself wanting a specific inset or character style, but only that
- one time.
- You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble.
- What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Local Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- See section
-\emph on
-Local Layout
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for information on how to use it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Properties
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Each class has a default set of options.
- Here's a quick table describing them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Page style
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Sides
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Columns
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Max.
- sectioning level
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-article
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Section
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-report
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Chapter
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-book
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Headings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Two
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Chapter
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-letter
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-none
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You're probably also wondering what
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Max.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sectioning level
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- means.
- There are several paragraph environments used to create section headings.
- Different document classes allow different types of section headings.
- Only two use the
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- heading.
- Some document classes, such as the ones for letters, don't use any section
- headings.
- In addition to
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- headings, there are also
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
- headings,
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
- headings, and so on.
- We'll describe these headings fully in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Headings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Document-Layout"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The most important properties of documents classes are set in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-.
- There in the
-\family sans
-Options
-\family default
- field under
-\family sans
-Documents
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Class
-\family default
-, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated
- list.
- This is only necessary if \SpecialChar LyX
- doesn't support special options you want to
- use for your document.
- To learn more about your favorite \SpecialChar LaTeX
--class and its options, you have to read
- its manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The drop box
-\family sans
-Headings style
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
- controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page.
- You can choose between the following five options:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- Use default page style of current class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Empty
-\family default
- No page numbers or headings.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Plain
-\family default
- Page numbers only.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Headings
-\family default
- Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.
- Whether \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the current chapter or the current section depends on the
- maximum sectioning level of the class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Fancy
-\family default
- This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
- have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-fancyhdr
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed.
- How they are defined is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The separation of paragraphs is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paper Size and Orientation
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Paper size
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You'll find the following options in the menu
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
- of the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog
-\family sans
-:
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Paper
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
- What size paper to print on.
- The choices are
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Default
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-A3, A4,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-A5
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-B3, B4, B5
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-US letter
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-US legal
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-US executive
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Custom
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Orientation
-\family default
- To choose whether to output as
-\family sans
-Landscape
-\family default
- or as
-\family sans
-Portrait
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Two-sided
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-document
-\family default
- Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.
- That means that the print space for odd- and even-numbered pages is different.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Margins
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Margins"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Margins
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Margins
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paper margins are set in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you use a KOMA-Script document class, you can use the default settings.
- Because KOMA-Script calculates then the printspace automatically by taking
- the paper format and the font size into account.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Important Note
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you change a document class, \SpecialChar LyX
- has to convert
-\emph on
-everything
-\emph default
- into the new class.
- That includes the paragraph environments.
- Some paragraph environments are standard, in so far as all of the document
- classes have them; but some classes have special paragraph environments.
- If this is the case, and you change the document class, \SpecialChar LyX
- will mark the
- paragraphs whose styles it no longer understands as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-unknown
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The name of the style is retained, in case you should want to go back to
- the old class.
- But these paragraphs will be output with no special formatting, so you
- will either need to create a new style yourself or else to convert these
- paragraphs manually to a style present in your new document class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Paragraph Indentation and Separation
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! Indentation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Par-indent-intro"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
- say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
- Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
- Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
- If you choose indentation for paragraphs the
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
- paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,
- etc., is
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- indented.
- Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
- Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document
- language than English.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the used language.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
- and text — in fact, all of the spacings for just about everything are pre-coded
- into \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- takes care of that.
- In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a
- range.
- That way, \SpecialChar LyX
- can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure figures
- fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom of
- a page, and so on.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- does this when \SpecialChar LyX
- goes to produce a printable file.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you the ability to globally change
-\emph on
-all
-\emph default
- of these pre-coded spacings.
- We'll explain more later.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Separation
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Paragraph-Separation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! Separation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To separate paragraphs, select
-\family sans
-Indent
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Skip
-\family default
- in the submenu
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
- of the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- to indent paragraphs or add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
- The size of the skips can be defined in the dialog, for the indentation
- you have to add this line to your document preamble:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-parindent}{Length}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where length is a value in one of the units listed in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Units"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The default length is 30
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
- Open the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog and toggle the
-\family sans
-Indent
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Paragraph
-\family default
- option to change the state of the current paragraph (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\indent-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
- button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling
- this).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
- if you need to do some fine-tuning.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Line Spacing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! Line spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\noun on
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-\noun default
- dialog you can set the line spacing in the submenu
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You need to have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-setspace
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed to use this feature.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Paragraph Environments
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! Environments
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph environments|(
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paragraph environments correspond to the
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-begin{
-\emph on
-environment
-\emph default
-} ...
-
-\backslash
-end{
-\emph on
-environment
-\emph default
-}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-command sequence in \SpecialChar LaTeX
- files.
- If you don't know \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
- alien to you, we urge you to read the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
- The
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- also contains many more examples than this section does.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A paragraph environment is simply a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-container
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.
- This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering
- scheme, labels, and so on.
- Additionally, you can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-nest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment
- to inherit some of the properties of another.
- The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy
- tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hold-overs from the
- days of typewriters.
- There are several paragraph environments which are specific to a particular
- document type.
- We'll only be covering the most common ones here.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
- scale 70
- clip
-
-\end_inset
-
- at the left end of the toolbar.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will change the environment of the
-\emph on
-entire
-\emph default
- paragraph in which the cursor sits.
- You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if
- you select them before choosing the new environment.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- will
-\emph on
-typically
-\emph default
- create a new paragraph using the
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraph environment.
- We say
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-typically
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- because if you are in one of these environments:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Verse
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Description
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-List
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- keeps the old paragraph environment when you hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, rather than resetting it to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will still reset the nesting depth, however.
- Usually, starting a new paragraph resets both the paragraph environment
- and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- At the moment, all this is context-specific; you're better off expecting
-
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- to reset the paragraph environment and depth.
- If you want a new paragraph to keep the current environment and depth,
- use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- instead.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Standard
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The default paragraph environment is
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- for most classes.
- It creates a plain paragraph.
- If \SpecialChar LyX
- resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.
- In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now (and most of the ones in
- this manual) are in the
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can nest a paragraph using the
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything
- in a
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Title
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Title
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A \SpecialChar LaTeX
- title page has three parts: the title itself, the name(s) of the author(s)
- and a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-footnote
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for thanks or contact information.
- For certain types of documents, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- places all of this on a separate page
- along with today's date.
- For other types of documents, the title
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- goes at the top of the first page of the document.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
- environments
-\family sans
-Title
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Author
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Date
-\family default
-.
- Here's how you use them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Put the title of your document in the
-\family sans
-Title
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Put the author name in the
-\family sans
-Author
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
- or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
- the
-\family sans
-Date
-\family default
- environment.
- Note that using this environment is optional.
- If you don't provide any, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- will automatically insert today's date.
- If you don't want any date, add the line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-date{}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-to the preamble of your document (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use footnotes to insert
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-thanks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or contact information.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Headings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Section headings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Headings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are several paragraph environments for producing section headings.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- takes care of the numbering for you.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Numbered Headings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Section headings ! Numbered
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are 7 numbered types of section headings.
- They are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Part
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Section
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
- The numbers describe where in the document you are.
- Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
- For example, suppose you're writing a book.
- You group the book into chapters.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- does similar grouping:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Part
-\family default
- is divided in either
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-s or
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Not all document types use the
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- heading as the maximum sectioning level.
- In that case the
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- is the top-level heading.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-So, if you use the
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
- environment to label a new sub-subsection, \SpecialChar LyX
- labels it with its number,
- along with the number of the subsection, section, and, if applicable, chapter
- that it's in.
- For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the
- label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-2.5
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Unnumbered Headings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Section headings ! Unnumbered
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The unnumbered section headings have a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-*
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at the end of their name.
- They work the same as their numbered counterparts but will not appear in
- the table of contents, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:toc"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Changing the Numbering
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Numbering-depth"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
- in the Table of Contents.
- Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
- class.
- Certain classes start with
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- and go down to the
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\family default
- level.
- Others start at
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-.
- Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.
- Most don't number
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\family default
-.
- This is something you can change.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Open the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
-\family sans
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Under
-\family sans
-Numbering
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-TOC
-\family default
- you'll see two counters.
- The one named
-\family sans
-Numbering
-\family default
- controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy \SpecialChar LyX
- numbers a section heading.
- The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table
- of contents.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Short Titles of Headings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Section headings ! Short titles
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Short Titles
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Short-Titles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
- This can cause trouble when there is limited horizontal space.
- For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
- title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
- This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
- avoiding the problem mentioned.
- To specify a short title, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Short
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Title
-\family default
-.
- This will insert a box labeled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-opt
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-optional
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-) which you can use to enter the short title text.
- This also works for captions inside floats.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Special Information
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following information applies to all section headings:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can only use inline math in these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Quotes and Poetry line spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
- They are
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
-.
- Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
- These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
- They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
- the text they contain.
- They also allow nesting, so you can put a
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- in a
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
-
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- when you start a new paragraph.
- So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
- Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
- to change back to the
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment yourself.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Quote"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
- time for the differences.
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- are identical except for one difference:
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.
-
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-
-\emph on
-always
-\emph default
- indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example of the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-This is in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it
- wraps.
- See – no indentation!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
- Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
- the other paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's another example, this time in the
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- environment:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-This is in the
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- environment.
- If I keep writing, you'll see the indentation.
- If your country uses a writing style that shows off new paragraphs by indenting
- the first line, then
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it
-\emph on
-if
-\emph default
- you were quoting other text.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-Here's a new paragraph.
- I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
- If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As the examples show,
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.
- They should put quotes in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- paragraph environment for quoted text.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! Verse
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Poetry
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Verse"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.
- Here's an example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Verse
-This is in Verse
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Which I did not rehearse!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Verse
-It could be much worse.
- This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
- around.
- It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are
- indented a bit more than the first.
- Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.
- So sue me.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Verse
-To break a line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-And make things look fine
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see,
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- does not indent both margins.
- Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.
- To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- function
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Lists
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Lists"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
- of lists.
- In the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments, \SpecialChar LyX
- labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.
- In the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environments, \SpecialChar LyX
- lets you provide your own label.
- We'll present the individual details of each type of list next after describing
- some general features of all four of them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-General Features
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
- in several ways.
- First, \SpecialChar LyX
- treats each paragraph as a list item.
- Hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
- The nesting depth is hereby kept.
- If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting
- depth, you can use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- to break paragraphs.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
- In fact, \SpecialChar LyX
- changes the labels on some list items depending on how it is
- nested.
- If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
- you read all of section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Itemize"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The first type of list we'll describe in detail is the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- paragraph environment.
- It has the following properties:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The items can have any length.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
- The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list may be in.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you nest an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment inside another
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, the label changes to a new symbol.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\SpecialChar LyX
- always shows the same symbol on screen.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for a full explanation of nesting.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- The
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
- Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the first level
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- is a large black dot, or bullet.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the second level is a dash.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the third is an asterisk.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back out to the third level.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back to the second level.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back to the outermost level.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These are the default labels for an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- You can customize these labels in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog in the submenu
-\family sans
-Bullets
-\family default
-.
-\family sans
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
- We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Enumerate"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment is used to create numbered lists and outlines.
- It has these properties:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Each item has a numeral as its label.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The label type depends on the nesting depth.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\SpecialChar LyX
- automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Each new
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment resets the counter to one.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Like the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
- Items can have any length.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unlike the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment,
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- shows the different labels for each item in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Here is how \SpecialChar LyX
- labels the four different levels in an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The first level of an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
- increases.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the third level
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the second level.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the outermost level.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once again, you can customize the type of numbering used in the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
- It involves adding commands to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble (see the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual).
- As stated earlier, such customization only shows up in the printed version,
- not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is more to nesting
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments than we've stated here.
- You should read section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
- to learn more about nesting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Description
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unlike the previous two environments, the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- list has no fixed label.
- Instead, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the first
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-word
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the first line as the label.
- Here's an example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Example: This is an example of the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
- rest of the line.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the first
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-word
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- it is meant that the first hit of the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an
- item.
- If you need to use more than one word in the label use a
-\family sans
-Protected Blank
-\family default
-.
- (Use either
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
-, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for more info.) Here is an example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Second
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Example: This one shows how to use a
-\family sans
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Blank
-\family default
- in the label of a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- list item.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Usage: You should use the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment for things like definitions and theorems.
- Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text
- that describes it.
- It's not a good idea to use a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.
- You're better off using
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and nesting several
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraphs into them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Nesting: You can nest
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
- so on.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice that after the first line, \SpecialChar LyX
- indents subsequent lines, offsetting
- them from the first line.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-The \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! \SpecialChar LyX
- list
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment is a \SpecialChar LyX
- extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- When you are using a KOMA-Script document class, like in this document,
- the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment is named
-\family sans
-Labeling
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Like the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment has user-defined labels for each list item.
- There are the following properties of this list environment:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-item
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-labels \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the first
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-word
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of each line as the item label.
- The first
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.
- If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected
- blank as described above.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-margins As you can see, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses different margins for the item label and the
- body of the item text.
- The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
- label width plus a little extra space.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-label
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-width \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is larger.
- If the label width is larger, the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-extends
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- into the first line.
- In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left
- margin of the rest of the item text.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all
- items in a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment have the same left margin.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-To change the default width, select all items in the list.
- Now open the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The text in the box
-\family sans
-Longest
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-label
-\family default
- determines the default label width.
- You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the
- letter
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-M
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- multiple times instead.
- The M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- By using
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-M
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of
-\family sans
-Longest
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-label
-\family default
- every time you alter a label in a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The predefined default width is the length of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-00.00.0000
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (equal to 6 M).
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Setting the cursor into a list item to change only its label width will
- only change the width inside \SpecialChar LyX
- but not in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should use the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment the same way like the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
- it.
- The
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall
- layout.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can nest
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
- so on.
- They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
- Read section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
- to learn about nesting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is yet another feature of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment: As you can see in the examples, \SpecialChar LyX
- left-justifies the item labels
- by default.
- You can use additional
-\family sans
-HFills
-\family default
- to change how \SpecialChar LyX
- justifies the item label.
-
-\family sans
-Hfills
-\family default
- are documented in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Here are some examples:
-\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-Left The default for
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- item labels.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-Right One
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- at the beginning of the label right justifies it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-Center
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
- One
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Customized Lists
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Customized
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use the features described in this section, you must load the module
-
-\family sans
-Customisable Lists (enumitem)
-\family default
- in the document settings.
- This loads the features of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-enumitem
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Custom Enumerate Lists
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Enumerate ! Custom
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional
- argument (menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Short Title
-\family default
-) to the first item of each level in the list.
- There you add the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-label=
-\backslash
-roman{enumi}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-in \SpecialChar TeX
- Code (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "ert-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For more about \SpecialChar TeX
- Code, look at section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:TeX-Code"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph on
- enumi
-\emph default
- is hereby the counter of the enumeration in the first level.
- The command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-roman
-\series default
- outputs the counter as small Roman numeral.
- For capital Roman numerals replace in the command above
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-roman
-\series default
- by
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Roman
-\series default
-.
- For Arabic numerals use
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-arabic
-\series default
-.
- To
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-number
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- items with capital or small Latin letters use
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Alph
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-alph
-\series default
-, respectively.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- You can only number 26
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-items with Latin letters, because this numbering is limited to single letters.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To change the numbering for the list sublevels, replace the 'i' in the command
- by the small Roman numeral of the level (enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As example a list with custom numbering:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-label=
-\backslash
-#
-\backslash
-Alph{enumi}
-\backslash
-#
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Level 1
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-label=
-\backslash
-Alph{enumi}.
-\backslash
-arabic{enumii}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Level 2
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Level 2
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-label=
-\backslash
-bf{
-\backslash
-arabic{enumiii}}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Level 3
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-label=
-\backslash
-emph{
-\backslash
-roman{enumiv})}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Level 4
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-For this list these commands were used:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-
-\series bold
-label=
-\backslash
-#
-\backslash
-Alph{enumi}
-\backslash
-#
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-label=
-\backslash
-Alph{enumi}.
-\backslash
-arabic{enumii}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-label=
-\backslash
-bf{
-\backslash
-arabic{enumiii}}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-label=
-\backslash
-emph{
-\backslash
-roman{enumiv})}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-emph{}
-\series default
- makes the label emphasized and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-bf{}
-\series default
- makes it bold.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- When you changed the label of a list level, it will be used for all following
- lists until you change the definition.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Resumed Enumeration
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Lists ! Enumerate ! Resumed
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-label=
-\backslash
-arabic{enumi}.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-first
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-goes back to default numbering
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-second
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-regular text
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate-Resume
-resumed
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To resume an enumeration, use the style
-\family sans
-Enumerate-Resume
-\family default
-.
- Its numbering appears in blue within \SpecialChar LyX
- to indicate that it is a resumed
- list and that the numbering will not be correct in \SpecialChar LyX
-, but in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- If there is no previous enumeration to resume, you will get a \SpecialChar LaTeX
- error.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number than the
- next one.
- Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.
- This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item
- of a normal new enumeration.
- There insert the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-start=number
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where
-\emph on
-number
-\emph default
- is the number with which you want to resume the list.
- An example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-first item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-second item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Enumeration starting at a given value:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-start=4
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-This enumeration starts at 4
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-List Spacing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items
- of a list.
- For example the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-A bullet list
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-with standard spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item
- of the list.
- There add the command
-\series bold
-nolistsep
-\series default
- to get no additional list space like in this example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-nolistsep
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-A bullet list
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-without additional
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-vertical space
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add space you can use several other commands provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-
-\series bold
-enumitem
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- For more info see its documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "enumitem"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing
- and indentation.
- Here is an example where the indentation was changed to the one of the
- paragraphs in the document and the label separation was set to 2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-cm so that the number is in the page margin:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-labelindent=
-\backslash
-parindent, labelsep=2cm
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-An enumeration
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-with negative indentation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Further Customization
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Lists ! Description
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the style of description lists.
- The command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-font=definition
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-changes the description label font, the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-style=definition
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-sets the list style.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example where the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-font=
-\backslash
-itshape, style=nextline
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-is used:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Ionizing
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-radiation:
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-labelindent=0pt, labelsep=1cm, font=
-\backslash
-itshape, style=nextline
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are
- energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, therefore
- ionizing them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Reference
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-counting: In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing
- the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an
- object, block of memory, disk space or other resource.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are many more commands and features provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-enumitem
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- For more info see its documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "enumitem"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Letters
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Letters
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
-: An Overview
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Although \SpecialChar LyX
- has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
- environments called
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
-.
- To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
- in a specific order, otherwise \SpecialChar LaTeX
- gags on the document.
- In contrast, you can use the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
- You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
- anything in them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, you're not limited to using
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- for letters only.
-
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
-, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
- some European academic papers.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Usage
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Address-Usage"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
- for the opening and signature in some countries.
- Similarly, the
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
- is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
- Here's an example of each:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Right Address
-Right Address
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Who I am
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Where I am
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-When is it? What is today?
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
-.
- Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which \SpecialChar LyX
- sets to fit
- the largest block of text on a single line.
- Here's an example of the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- environment:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Address
-Who are you
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Where do I send this
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Your post office and country
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, both
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
- If you hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- in either of these environments, \SpecialChar LyX
- resets the nesting depth and sets the
- environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- This makes sense, since
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- is the
-\family typewriter
-paragraph-break
-\family default
- function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
- Thus, you have to use
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\family sans
-Formatting
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
- menu) to start a new line in an
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Academic Writing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
- or list of references.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- contains paragraph environments for both of these.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Abstracts
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is used for the abstract of an article.
- Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
- only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
- Also, don't bother trying to nest
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa.
- It won't work.
- The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
- The book document classes ignores the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- completely, and it's utterly silly to use
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in a letter document class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment does several things for you.
- First, it puts the centered label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- above the text.
- The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
- space.
- Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
- Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
- the subsequent text.
- Well, that's how it will appear on the \SpecialChar LyX
- screen.
- The appearance in the output depends on the used article or report class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Starting a new paragraph by hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- The new paragraph will still be in the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment.
- So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
- finish entering the abstract of your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/Abstract.pdf
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Paragraph in the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We'd love to give you directly an example of the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment, but since this document is in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-book
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- class, we can't do this.
- We inserted it therefore as figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you've never heard of an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- before, you can safely ignore this environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Biblio_environment"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is used to list references.
- Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
- only use it at the end of the document.
- Nesting
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa won't work.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you first open a
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment, \SpecialChar LyX
- adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-References,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- depending on the document class.
- The heading is in a large boldface font.
- Each paragraph of the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is a bibliography entry.
- Thus, hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- Each new paragraph is still in the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is another, usually better way to include references in your document
- by using a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database.
- For more information on that, and for a detailed description of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s bibliography
- handling, have a look at in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LyX
-
-\family sans
--Code
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! \SpecialChar LyX
- code
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX-Code"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
- environment is another \SpecialChar LyX
- extension.
- It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
- It also treats the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key as a fixed whitespace;
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
- environment, the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key is treated as a
-\family sans
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Blank
-\family default
- instead of an end-of-word marker.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- (the
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- function).
-
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- breaks paragraphs.
- Note, however, that
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- So, when you finish using the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
- environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
- Also, you can nest the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
- environment inside of others.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few quirks with this environment:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-you can't follow
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- with a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't follow a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- with a
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Use a
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Or: use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
-\end_inset
-
- instead.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
- You must put at least one
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- in any line you want blank.
- Otherwise, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- generates errors.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- since that will insert
-\emph on
-real
-\emph default
- quotes.
- You get the typewriter double quotes with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "self-insert \""
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-#include <stdio.h>
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-int main(void)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- printf("Hello World!
-\backslash
-n");
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- return 0;
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is just the standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Hello world!
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- program.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
- has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
- rc-files, and so on.
- Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
- as if you used a typewriter.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph environments|)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- For longer parts of programming code, use the listings inset that is described
- in the chapter
-\emph on
-Program Code Listings
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Nesting Environments
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Environments
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific propertie
-s.
- This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of
- another block.
- For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
- has two subpoints.
- In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
- list
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-attached
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to item #2:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-one
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-two
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist – item #1
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist – item #2
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-three
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.
- Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
-\family sans
-Increase
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Depth
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Decrease
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Depth
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-Edit
-\family default
- menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
- will tell you how far you are nested).
- Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- or the convenient key bindings
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Shift-Tab
-\family default
- or
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- to change the nesting level.
- The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
- you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
- paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that \SpecialChar LyX
- only changes the nesting depth if it can.
- If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
- Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
- depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Nesting isn't limited to lists.
- In \SpecialChar LyX
-, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're about
- to find out.
- This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-What You Can and Can't Nest
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
- you a little bit more about how nesting works.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The question if nesting a paragraph environment is possible, is a bit more
- complicated than a simple yes or no.
- There are three types of paragraph environments:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Completely unnestable
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other
- things inside them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
- anything into them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
- environments have them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Unnestable Can't nest them.
- Can't nest into them.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Title
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Author
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Date
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Fully
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Nestable You can nest them.
- You can nest other things into them.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Verse
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Description
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-List
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.
- You can't nest anything into them.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Standard
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Part
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Section
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Part*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Chapter*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Section*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsection*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Subsubsection*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Address
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-, etc.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-to e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to create
- well structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas nested
- section headings violate this.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Tables etc.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
- affected by nesting anyhow.
- They are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-equations
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-tables
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-figures
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-(
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Figures and tables in
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
- are not affected by this.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Have a look at section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for more information about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
- If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
- it is in goes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-paragraph
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of its own, it behaves just like a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-nestable-inside
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- paragraph environment.
- You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
- into it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example with a table:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside (a).
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- nested inside (a).
- In fact, it's not nested at all.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
- item of a new list!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
- deep enough.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- inside (a).
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
- new list
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- item 1.
- The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
- So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
- depth!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Usage and General Features
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Speaking of levels, \SpecialChar LyX
- can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
- In other words,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-level #6
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is the innermost possible depth.
- Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #1 – outermost
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #2
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #3
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #4
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #5
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #6
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
- both of them in the example.
- Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
- nesting with the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments.
- For example, if we tried to nest another
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- list inside item
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-A.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, we would get errors.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Some Examples
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Examples
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
- We have several examples of nested environments.
- In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
- them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-a This is the outermost level.
- It's a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-a This is level #2.
- We created it by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-a This is level #3.
- This time, we just hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then used
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- twice in a row.
- We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
- by hitting
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is actually a
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment, nested inside of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-#3-a
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- So, it's at level #4.
- We did this by hitting
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-, then changing the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works
- for the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's another
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-a This is level #4.
- We hit
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- and changed the paragraph environment back to
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
-.
- Remember — we can't nest anything inside a
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
- However, we
-\emph on
-can
-\emph default
- keep nesting things inside
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-#3-a
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar ldots
-
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#6-a \SpecialChar ldots
-and this is level #6.
- By now, you should know how we made these two.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-b Back to level #5.
- Just hit
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-b After another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
-, we're back at level #4.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-b Back to level #3.
- By now it should be obvious how we did this.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-b Back to level #2.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
- After this sentence, we'll hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- and change the paragraph environment back to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- to end the list.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We could have also used the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, or even the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment in place of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
- The example would have worked exactly the same.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 2: Inheritance
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-This is the \SpecialChar LyX
--Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-level.
- Now we'll hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-, after which, we'll change to the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment, at level #2.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Notice how the nested
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
--Code
-\family default
-), but also inherits its font and spacing!
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We ended this example by hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-.
- After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- and reset the nesting depth by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- once.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- Environments
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #1, in an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- paragraph environment.
- We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #2.
- We used
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Now, what happens if we nest an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
- label be? An asterisk?
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-No! It's a bullet.
- This is the
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, even though it's at level #3.
- So, its label is a bullet.
- (We got here by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-, then changing the environment to
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
-.)
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Here's level #4, produced using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- We'll do that again\SpecialChar ldots
-
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\SpecialChar ldots
-to get to level #5.
- This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-.
- Notice the type of numbering, it is
-\emph on
-lowercase Roman
-\emph default
-, because we are in the
-\emph on
-thirdfold
-\emph default
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- it is an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- inside an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- inside an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-What happens if we
-\emph on
-don't
-\emph default
- change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
- type of numbering does \SpecialChar LyX
- use?
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Let's use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- to decrease the depth after the next
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #4.
- Look what type of label \SpecialChar LyX
- is using!
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #3.
- Even though we've changed levels, \SpecialChar LyX
- is still using a lowercase Roman numeral
- as the label.Why?
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
-\emph on
-still
-\emph default
- a thirdfold
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
- Notice, however, that \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\emph on
-did
-\emph default
- reset the counter for the label.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- sequence, and we're back to level #2.
- This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
- into the twofold-nested
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The same thing happens if we do another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
-sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Lastly, we reset the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
- \SpecialChar LyX
- uses for the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments.
- The number of other
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments surrounding it determines what kind of label \SpecialChar LyX
- uses for an
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- item.
- The same rule applies for the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, as well.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 4: Going Bonkers
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-We're going to go totally nuts now.
- We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
- same detail with how we did it.
- (level #1:
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-)
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-(
-\family sans
-Return,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, Standard
-\family default
-: level #2) We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
- example in parentheses someplace.
- For example, the two keybindings are how we changed the depth.
- The environment name is the name of the current environment.
- Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-(
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1) This is the next item in the list.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-Now we'll add verse.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-It will get much worse.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\family sans
-Return,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, Verse
-\family default
-: level #2)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Verse
-Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Bippitey boppitey boo!
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Verse
-Here comes a table:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-one-fish
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-two-fish
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-red-fish
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-blue-fish
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-(
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, Table,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- 3 times,
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, Verse,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-(
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1) This is another item.
- Note that selecting a
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
- 3 times to put the table inside the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We're now ending the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- list and changing to
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-.
- We're still at level #1.
- We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
- The next set of paragraphs is a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-quoted letter.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- We'll nest both the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- environments inside of this one, then use another nested
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- for the letter body.
- We'll use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- to preserve the depth.
- Remember that you need to use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- to create multiple lines inside the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- environments.
- Here it goes:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Right Address
-1234 Nowhere Rd.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Moosegroin, MT 00100
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-9-6-96
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Address
-Dear Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Fizlewitz:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
- Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
- a backlog in our orders for methane.
- We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
- as soon as possible.
- In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We do, however, now have a special on beef.
- If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
- with your order, along with payment.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We thank you again for your patience.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Address
-Sincerely,
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Bill Hick
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Quotation
-That ends that example!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, nesting environments in \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a lot of power with just
- a few keystrokes.
- We could have easily nested an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list inside of a
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-, or put a
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- inside of an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Spacing, pagination and line breaks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime
- you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, \SpecialChar LyX
- offers you
- more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot be
- broken at the end of a line.
- The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
- useful.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Protected Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Protected-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Protected
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The protected space: It is used to tell \SpecialChar LyX
- (and \SpecialChar LaTeX
-) not to break the line at
- that point.
- This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-Further documentation is given in section
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-section
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A protected space is set with
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Protected
-\bar under
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\bar default
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Horizontal Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Horizontal
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Horizontal Space
-\family default
-.
- The length units are listed in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Inter-word Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Inter-word
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
-ntence punctuation mark, and \SpecialChar LyX
- honors those conventions (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
- In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert normal"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Thin Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Thin-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Thin
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-thin space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-protected
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
- thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
- inside abbreviations:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-D.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-E.
- Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-or between values and units.
- Compare for example this:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-10
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-kg (thin space)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-10 kg (normal space
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-More Spaces
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:More-Spaces"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can furthermore insert the following space types:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Negative
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-space A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
- Negative thin space between the arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Enspace
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \enskip{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
- Enspace (0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) space between the arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Quad
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \quad{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
- Quad
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) space between the arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-QQuad
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \qquad{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
- QQuad
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em) space between the arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Custom
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-space A line with
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hspace{}
-\length 2cm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
- 2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-cm space between the arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Width-of-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
- lists the different space sizes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Width-of-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Width of the different horizontal spaces.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Space
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Width
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Normal
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/3
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Protected
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/3
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Thin
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/6
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Negative thin
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--1/6
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Enspace (0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quad (1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-QQuad (2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-em
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Fills
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special \SpecialChar LyX
- feature for adding extra space
- in a uniform fashion.
- An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
- the remaining space between the left and right margins.
- If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
- equally between themselves.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here a few examples what you can do with them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-This is on the left side
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-This is on the right
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-Middle
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-Right
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-1/3 Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-Right
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was an example in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Here
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
-is one in a standard paragraph.
- It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- sitting in-between the two arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
-\family sans
-Fill
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Pattern
-\family default
- in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Dots:
-\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Rule:
-\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Left arrow:
-\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right arrow:
-\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Up brace:
-\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Down brace:
-\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- in the first line in a paragraph, \SpecialChar LyX
- ignores it.
- This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
- If you need space in this case anyway, set the
-\family sans
-Protect
-\family default
- option in the space dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Phantom Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Phantom-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Phantom
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
- E.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-you want to create the following multiple choice question:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-What is correct English?:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Edge would have been jumps the gun.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mr.
- Edge
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-has to be jumped
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mr.
- Edge
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-jumps
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Edge
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Phantom
-\family default
-.
- In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two
- lines and insert
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Edge
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- into the phantom inset (note the space after
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Edge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
- A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).
- That is why it is named
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-phantom
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The normal phantom ouputs the width and heigth of the content as space,
- while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding
- dimension.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Vertical Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Vertical-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Vertical
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Vertical
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
- dialog.
- There you find the following sizes:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-SmallSkip
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BigSkip
-\family default
- are \SpecialChar LaTeX
- sizes which depend on the font size of the document.
-
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is the skip adjusted in the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- for the paragraph separation.
- If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is equal to
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Fills
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
- An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
- between them.
- Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
- one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
-
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s work like
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- If there are several
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
- You can therefore use
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
-
-\series medium
-When the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
- a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
-\family sans
-Protect
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Alignment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the paragraph alignment with the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are five possibilities:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Justified
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align block"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Left
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align left"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Right
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align right"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Center
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align center"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align default"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
- spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
- the left and right margins.
- The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align right
-This paragraph is right aligned,
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-this one is centered,
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align left
-this one is left aligned.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Page Breaks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Page breaks ! Forced
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like the way \SpecialChar LaTeX
- does the pagebreaks in your document, you can
- force a page break where you want one.
- Normally this will not be necessary, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is good at page breaking.
- Only if you use a lot of
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-, \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s page breaking algorithm can fail.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend not to use forced pagebreaks until the text is finished and
- until you have checked in the preview to see if you
-\emph on
-really
-\emph default
- have to change the page breaking.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of pagebreaks: One that ends the page without any special
- action.
- This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-New
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page
-\family default
-.
- The second type, that is inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break
-\family default
-, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
- the complete page.
- This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page
- on which only the last few lines are absent.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears
- at the top of a page.
- This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
- appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
- having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
- See chapter
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
- to learn more about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Clear Page Breaks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Page breaks ! Clear
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Rather than forced pagebreaks where the content behind the break is placed
- directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.
- That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including
- unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed behind
- it, if necessary by adding pages.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a clear page break with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page
-\family default
-.
- When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Double
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page
-\family default
- to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand
- page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Line Breaks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Line breaks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: One that simply
- breaks the line.
- You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Ragged
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break
-\family default
- or with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Another type that is inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Justified
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break
-\family default
- breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
- the page margins.
- This is necessary to avoid
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-fringes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by line breaks.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s line breaking, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is
- very good at line breaking.
- There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
- set a line break, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-in a poem or for an address (see sections
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Quote"
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Verse"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Address-Usage"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Horizontal Lines
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Horizontal lines
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset CommandInset line
-LatexCommand rule
-offset "0.5ex"
-width "100line%"
-height "1pt"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the dialog
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Horizontal
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\family default
- you can insert horizontal lines.
- The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline
- of the current text line or the paragraph.
- The line settings can be changed by left-clicking on the line.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset CommandInset line
-LatexCommand rule
-offset "0.5ex"
-width "100line%"
-height "1pt"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Characters and Symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
- You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
- See section
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for information on how this is done.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
- can use the
-\family sans
-Symbols
-\family default
- dialog via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
- when you are using a special screen font in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s preferences.
- But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Fonts and Text Styles
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Types
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! Types
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of fonts:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Vector
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-fonts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fonts ! Vector-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- characters) in the font.
- This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
- well suited for scaling to any requested size.
- This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
- curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
- This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
- Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed
- to provide a good image, it might be hard to provide a good rendering.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
- But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
- That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font
- sizes than at small ones.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The font types
-\family typewriter
-TrueType
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-OpenType
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-Type
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1
-\family default
- are vector fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-fonts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fonts ! Bitmap-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
- will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
- However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
- pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
- It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
- picture manipulation program.
- In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
- several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
- or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
- The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
- to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
- fonts.
- The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have
- to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Bitmap fonts are named
-\family typewriter
-Type
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3
-\family default
- in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they
- are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
- So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.
- That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs
- use scalable fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
- its document properties.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
- For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
- font to emphasize text, you use an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-emphasized style
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- instead.
- This concept fits in perfectly with \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- In \SpecialChar LyX
-, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
- details.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- font support
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Traditionally, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- uses its own fonts.
- That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your
- operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
- distribution.
- The reason is that \SpecialChar LaTeX
- needs some extra information about the fonts, which
- have to be provided by additional files and packages.
- The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited, compared
- to usual word processors.
- On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts
- are generally of very good quality, and that \SpecialChar LaTeX
- files are very portable across
- different machines.
- Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
- was increased a lot
- meanwhile so that you can find packages for many free and commercial fonts.
- In \SpecialChar LyX
-, only a subset of these are directly selectable via the user interface
- (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for details).
- However, all others are available if you enter the respective \SpecialChar LaTeX
- code in
- the document preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired
- font).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Furthermore, recent developments brought some new \SpecialChar LaTeX
- engines that are also
- able to directly access fonts that are installed for your operating system
- (OS), namely Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- Both engines are now supported by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- By using them, you can use theoretically any OpenType or TrueType font
- that is installed on your system.
- The next section describes how to use these OS fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- and especially Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-, are still rather new and thus not as mature as tradition
-al \SpecialChar LaTeX
- or PDF\SpecialChar TeX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Font and Font size
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! Size
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Font
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the document fonts in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog.
- There you can specify which font should be used for the three different
- font shapes roman (serif),
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
- and its scalings.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The possible options for the font include
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- and a list of fonts available on your system.
-
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- uses the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- fonts, known as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-Computer
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-) or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-European Computer Modern
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixelated in PDF output, especially
- when you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Reader
-\family default
- version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
- renderer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.
- There are three ways to use one:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-select the
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of
-
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- was developed for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- community in order to replace
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- as the default font.
- It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.
- Except for some details, where the appearance was improved,
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- looks identical to
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-.;
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-One difference is improved kerning.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but build of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
- the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you do not like the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-, you can of course select one of the other provided vector fonts, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Times
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Roman
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-
-\family sans
-Palatino
-\family default
-.
- Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif and typewriter fonts
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.,
-\family sans
-Times
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Roman
-\family default
- selects
-\family sans
-Helvetica
-\family default
- for sans serif text), or different shapes of the same font, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-a real font
-\emph on
-family
-\emph default
- (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-in case of
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- oder
-\family sans
-Computer
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, but you can also select your own.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The differences between roman,
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
- fonts are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The font
-\family sans
-Times
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Roman
-\family default
- was originally designed for newspapers.
- That means its glyphs are smaller than the ones from other fonts to fit
- into the small newspaper columns.
- Therefore
-\family sans
-Times
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Roman
-\family default
- is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For the font size there are four possible values:
-\family sans
-default, 10
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-11
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-12
-\family default
-.
- The size of
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- depends on your \SpecialChar LaTeX
--system, normally it is equal to the font size 10.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The font sizes are the
-\emph on
-base size
-\emph default
-.
- That means that \SpecialChar LyX
- scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used
- in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
- You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
- dialog if needed.
- The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The field
-\family sans
-CJK
-\family default
- allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify
- a font to display the script characters.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The font will be the argument for the commands of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-.
- So this has no effect for the document language
-\family sans
-Japanese
-\family default
- that doesn't use
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- When you choose a new font or font size, \SpecialChar LyX
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
- this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- \SpecialChar LyX
-'s screen fonts can be adjusted in the
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Character Styles
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text Style
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the character style for certain
- paragraph environments.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- supports two character styles,
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-.
- You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
- toolbar.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To activate the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style, do one of the following:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-click on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-use the key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These commands are all toggles.
- That is, if
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style is already active, they deactivate it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-One typically uses the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style for proper names.
- For example:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\noun on
-Matthias Ettrich
-\noun default
- is the original author of \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style.
- You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style by:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-clicking on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-using the keybindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages
- use a different font.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We've been using the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style all over the place in this document.
- Here's one more example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Quotation
-
-\emph on
-Don't overuse character styles!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It's also a warning in addition to an example.
- One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
- Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character style.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-default"
-\end_inset
-
- or the dialog
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the Text Style dialog
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text Style
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning, so
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way to create a custom character style.
- For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
- requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
- Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
- from ordinary dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
- tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
- dialog or press the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show character"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property which you can choose.
- You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-change
-\family default
-, which keeps the current state of that property.
- The item
-\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
- will reset the property to whatever is the default.
- You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
- environments in a snap.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-change
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
-) are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Family
-\family default
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-overall look
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the font.
- The possible options are:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Roman
-\family default
- This is the Roman font family.
- Normally a serif font.
- It's also the default family.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-roman"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Serif
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-This is the Sans Serif font family.
-
-\family default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-sans"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-This is the Typewriter font family.
-
-\family default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-typewriter"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Series
-\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Medium
-\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
- It's also the default series.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Bold
-\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
-
-\series default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-bold"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Shape
-\family default
- As the name implies.
- Options are:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Upright
-\family default
- This is the Upright font shape.
- It's also the default shape.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Italic
-\family default
-
-\shape italic
-This
-\shape default
-
-\family sans
-\shape italic
-i
-\family default
-s the Italic font shape
-\shape default
-\emph on
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Slanted
-\family default
-
-\shape slanted
-This is the Slanted font shape
-\shape default
- (although it might not be visible in \SpecialChar LyX
-, this is different from italic).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Small
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Caps
-\family default
-
-\shape smallcaps
-This is the Small caps font shape
-\shape default
-\noun on
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Size
-\family default
- Alters the size of the font.
- You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
-nal to the document font size.
- Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
- the details, but a general description of what
- you want to do.
- The options are:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Tiny
-\family default
-
-\size tiny
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Tiny
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size tiny"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Smallest
-\family default
-
-\size scriptsize
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Smallest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size
-\size default
-.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size scriptsize"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Smaller
-\family default
-
-\size footnotesize
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Smaller
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size footnotesize"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Small
-\family default
-
-\size small
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Small
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size small"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Normal
-\family default
- This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Normal
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
- It's also the default size.
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size normal"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Large
-\family default
-
-\size large
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Large
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size large"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Larger
-\family default
-
-\size larger
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Larger
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size larger"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Largest
-\family default
-
-\size largest
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size largest"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Huge
-\family default
-
-\size huge
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Huge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size huge"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Huger
-\family default
-
-\size giant
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Huger
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size giant"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We warn you
-\emph on
-yet again
-\emph default
-: don't go crazy with this feature.
- You should almost never need to change the font size.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
- — use that instead.
- This is here for fine-tuning only!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Misc
-\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Emph
-\family default
-
-\emph on
-This is text with emphasize on
-\emph default
-.
- This might seem like the same as
-\shape italic
-Italic
-\shape default
-, but it is actually a bit different.
- Emphasized is a
-\emph on
-logical
-\emph default
- attribute.
- That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
- text.
- Normally this font is equal to italic.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Underbar
-\family default
-
-\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
-
-\bar default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-underline"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a hangover from the typewriter days,
- when you couldn't change fonts.
- We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
- It is only included in \SpecialChar LyX
- because some people
-\emph on
-may
-\emph default
- need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Double
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-underbar
-\family default
- This is text with Double underbar on.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-underunderline"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Wavy
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-underbar
-\family default
- This is text with Wavy underbar on.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-underwave"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
- Keep antinausea pills handy.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Strikeout
-\family default
-
-\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
-
-\strikeout default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-strikeout"
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has since
- changed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-
-\noun on
-This is text with Noun on.
-
-\noun default
- Like
-\family sans
-Emph
-\family default
-, this is a logical attribute.
- Normally it's equivalent to
-\family sans
-Small
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Caps
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Color
-\family default
- You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
- Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
- Besides
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-color
-\family default
-, which is the default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-color
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and means normally black, you can choose between
-\family sans
-Black
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-White
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Red
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Green
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Blue
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Cyan
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Magenta
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Yellow
-\family default
- text.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Color ! Text
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
- the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
- (only within \SpecialChar LyX
-).
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-If you have for example a longer German Text in your document, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- respects
- the German hyphenation rules automatically.
- When using the spell checking (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Spellchecking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you've chosen a new character style via the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
- dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "textstyle-apply"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style even
- when the dialog isn't visible.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-default"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-slanted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and the series to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-bold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-), set the
-\family sans
-Toggle
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-all
-\family default
- switch and press
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should also know something about the differences between the three main
- font types
-\family sans
-serif
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-typewriter
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
- is a so called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-monospaced
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font, that means every character has the same width, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-i
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is as wide as the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-m
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Here is an example
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-no
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-typewriter text
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For more on phantoms see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:More-Spaces"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-no typewriter text
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Serif
-\family default
- fonts use characters with serifs.
- These are the small
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-appendices
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
- The following example will show the difference:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-text with serifs
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-text without serifs
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
- These fonts are therefore used as default (named
-\family sans
-roman
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Sans serif
-\family default
- don't use serifs.
- This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
- We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Printing and Previewing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation
- using \SpecialChar LyX
-, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
- Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
- goes on behind-the-scenes.
- We cover this information in much greater detail in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual as well.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program \SpecialChar LaTeX
- as its backend.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is just a macro package for the \SpecialChar TeX
- typesetting system, but to prevent confusion,
- we'll only refer to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- is what you use to do your actual writing.
- Then, \SpecialChar LyX
- calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
- to turn your writing into printable output.
- This happens in two stages:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First, \SpecialChar LyX
- converts your document to a series of text commands for \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, generating
- a file with the extension,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Next, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- uses the commands in the
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
- file to produce printable output.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Output file formats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-ASCII
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! ASCII
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.txt
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (ASCII).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-ASCII
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and contains all commands that are necessary for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- program to process
- your document.
- If you know \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, you can use it to find out \SpecialChar LaTeX
--Errors or to process it manually
- with console commands.
- The \SpecialChar LaTeX
--file is automatically created in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s temporary directory whenever you
- view or export your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--file using the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-DVI
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! DVI
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It is called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-device-independent
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
- to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
- DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
- like PostScript.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-DVI files do not contain images, they only link them.
- So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
- Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
- it visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer when
- you view the DVI.
- So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to DVI by the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-DVI
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PostScript
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! PostScript
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.ps
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- PostScript was developed by the company
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\family default
- as a printer language.
- The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
- file.
- PostScript can be seen as a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-programming language
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-When you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-
-\series bold
-pstricks
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-PostScript can only contain images in the format
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (EPS, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.eps
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
- As \SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has to
- convert them in the background to EPS.
- If you have e.g 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-images in your document, \SpecialChar LyX
- has to do 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-conversions whenever you view or export your document.
- This will slow down your workflow with \SpecialChar LyX
- drastically.
- So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
- EPS to avoid this problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PostScript
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PDF
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! PDF
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (PDF) developed by
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\family default
- was derived from PostScript.
- It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.
- As the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-portable
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
- looks exactly the same.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-) and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
- You can although use any other image format, because \SpecialChar LyX
- converts them in
- the background to one of these formats.
- But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
- will slow down your workflow.
- So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PDF via the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export
-\family default
- in three different ways:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ps2pdf
-\family default
- that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
- The PostScript-version is produced by the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
- So this export variant consist of three conversions.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(dvipdfm) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
- PDF.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex) This uses the program pdftex that converts your file directly
- to PDF.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XeTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X) This uses the program Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
- Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for
- direct font access (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X) This uses the program Lua\SpecialChar TeX
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
- Lua\SpecialChar TeX
- is an even newer engine, derived from pdflatex, that also provides
- direct Unicode support and support for direct font access (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-font-support"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Lua\SpecialChar TeX
- is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
- \SpecialChar TeX
- processor.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend to use
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- because
-\family typewriter
-pdftex
-\family default
- supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and
- works without problems.
- The program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- is no longer under development and therefore a bit outdated.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-XHTML
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-FileFormats ! XHTML
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-HTML
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.xhtml
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.
- It does not itself contain images and the like but only links them, and
- when \SpecialChar LyX
- produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats
- suitable for the purpose.
- Math is output as MathML, which renders nicely in browsers that support
- it, but not all do.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-XHTML output remains
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-under development
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, and not all \SpecialChar LyX
- features are supported yet.
- See the chapter
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar LyX
- and the World Wide Web
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual, for more information.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\SpecialChar LyX
-HTML
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Previewing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Preview
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page
- breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
-
-\family sans
-Document
-\family default
- and choose
-\family sans
-View
-\family default
- or use the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-view"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
- output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
- (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Further output formats can be selected via
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-View (Other Formats)
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/view-others.svgz
- scale 85
- groupId toolbarbuttons
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
- viewer window using the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Update
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Update (Other Formats)
-\family default
-, respectively.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s temporary
- directory.
- To have a real output, export your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-A few Words about Typography
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphens
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyphens
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In \SpecialChar LyX
-, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- character comes in four lengths: the
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-name
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-output
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-inserted with
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-hyphen
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in text
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-en dash
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-–
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-em dash
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-—
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-minus sign
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in math mode
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- gives a en dash,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- a em dash.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
- Here are some examples of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- in use:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-line- and page-breaks
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-minus sign
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphenation
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyphenation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Hyphenation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Words aren't hyphenated within \SpecialChar LyX
- but automatically in the output.
- Hyphenation is done by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-babel
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- following the rules of the document language
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For German readers: That's one of the main differences between the languages
-
-\family sans
-German
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-German
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(new
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-spelling)
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- hyphenates almost perfectly, it only has problems with text in the
-\family sans
-typewriter
-\family default
- font and with unusual constructs, like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-h3knix/m0n0wall
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If \SpecialChar LaTeX
- can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
- This is done with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hyphenation
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Point
-\family default
-.
- These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- If no hyphenation is necessary, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- will ignore them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.
- Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document
- in the form
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-A-b c
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- would then see the hyphen
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Prevent Hyphenation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the
-\emph on
-EmbeddedObjects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Punctuation Marks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Punctuation marks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Abbreviations and End of Sentence
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Abbreviations"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When \SpecialChar LyX
- calls \SpecialChar LaTeX
- to generate the final version of your document, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- automatically
- distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- then adds the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-appropriate amount of space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
- the next word.
- Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does
- not work in all cases.
- If a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
- at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are some examples of
-\emph on
-correct
-\emph default
- abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-M.
- Butterfly
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Don't worry.
- Be happy.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- this is too much space!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I.
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To fix this problem, use one of the following:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
-\family sans
-Inter-word
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
- after lowercase abbreviations (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! inter-word
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use a
-\family sans
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
- between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! thin
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
-\family sans
-End
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sentence
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-period
-\family default
- found under the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character
-\family default
- menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
- This function is also bound to
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"
-\end_inset
-
- for easy access.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-this is too much space!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I\SpecialChar endofsentence
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
- If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
- will take care of this.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
- Check out the
-\family sans
-Check
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
- feature described in section
-\emph on
-Checking \SpecialChar TeX
-
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
- For example,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-open close
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The keyboard character,
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
-, generates this automatically.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the behavior of the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key using the submenu
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- of the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
-\family sans
-Type
-\family default
- option.
- There are six choices:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-double
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes els
-\end_inset
-
-single
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
-
- or 'this
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes gls
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grs
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes pls
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prs
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes fls
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frs
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes als
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ars
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These settings affect what character the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key produces.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Ligatures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
- knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
- output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- To break a ligature, use
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Ligature
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break.
-
-\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LyX
- and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logos
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Proper names
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Via
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special Characters
-\family default
-, \SpecialChar LyX
- provides the following program logos with special formatting:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
- The name of the game.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar TeX
- The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- The \SpecialChar TeX
- macro colletion used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
- The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
- world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
- converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
-\end_inset
-
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, the previous one was
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Units
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example to show the differences:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
-\end_inset
-
-h
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between number and unit
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
-\end_inset
-
-h
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-half space between number and unit
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Widows and orphans
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
- for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
- of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
- of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
- can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
- governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there to
- specifically prevent widows and orphans.
- This is the advantage \SpecialChar LyX
- has in using \SpecialChar LaTeX
- as its backend.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's no way we can go into how \SpecialChar TeX
- and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- decide to break a page, or how you
- can tweak that behavior.
- Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books listed in the bibliography [such as
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
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-
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-
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-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
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-
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-\SpecialChar LyX
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-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset Newline newline
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-\begin_inset Newline newline
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-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
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-\end_inset
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-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
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-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
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-As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
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- or the menu
-\family sans
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-Note
-\family default
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Section
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-\begin_inset Index idx
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Footnotes
-\end_layout
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-\end_inset
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-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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-\end_inset
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-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
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-
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset Info
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-arg "footnote-insert"
-\end_inset
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-,
-\family roman
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-you will see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
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-\begin_inset Graphics
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family roman
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- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
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- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
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-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again, will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
- on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
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-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-.
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-
-\begin_inset Foot
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- The numbers are consecutive, no matter in which chapter the footnote is
- in.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get other schemes
- using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
-\family default
-ey are described in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Marginal notes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Marginal
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Note
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-, you will see a box with the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- appearing within your text.
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side is an example marginal note.
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a marginal note.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-For further information about marginal notes see section
-\emph on
-Margin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-Objects
-\emph default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Graphics
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
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-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
- or select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
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- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
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- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
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-
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-from
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-to
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-\family default
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- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
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-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
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-\family default
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- You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- The option
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-mode
-\family default
- has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
- The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
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- This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
-
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/mobius.eps
- scale 70
- rotateOrigin center
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
-
-\end_inset
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-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Formats
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Image-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- uses therefore the program
-\family typewriter
-ImageMagick
-\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
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-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
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-Graphics Interchange Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
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- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
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-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
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-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_inset ERT
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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-\end_layout
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
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-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
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- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
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-
-\family typewriter
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-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
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-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_inset ERT
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
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-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
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- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
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-
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-JPG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
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-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Scalable image formats can be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Scalable Vector Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (SVG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.svg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-SVG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
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-\end_inset
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-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (EPS, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.eps
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-EPS|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (PDF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
- or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
- In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
- image
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Settings grouping
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
- group.
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- of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
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- So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
- need to manually change each of them.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A new group can be set by entering a name in the
-\family sans
-Group
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Name
-\family default
- field in the Graphics dialog.
- Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Tables
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "tabular-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\family default
-.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
- The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
- from the rest of the table.
- This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
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-\end_inset
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-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
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-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\family roman
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-\shape up
-\size normal
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-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
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-</cell>
-</row>
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
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-\emph off
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\size normal
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-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table dialog
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
- brings up the table dialog.
- Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
- where the cursor is placed currently.
- Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
- This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
- done on all of your selection.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Additionally to the table dialog, the
-\family sans
-table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-toolbar
-\family default
- helps you in setting table properties.
- It appears when the cursor is inside a table.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
- If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
- current cell respectively.
- The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
- is given.
- A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
- of text, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Table-Cells"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
- using the check box
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Multirow
-\family default
-.
- This will merge the cells to
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- cell, spread over more than one column/row.
- Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
- and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
- Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
- in the last row without the upper border:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
-<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-abc
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-def ghi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-jkl
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-B
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-C
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-D
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-4
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Adept users can declare special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--arguments for the table.
- They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
- explained in the tables section of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-degrees counterclockwise.
- These rotations are not visible in \SpecialChar LyX
- but in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Most DVI-viewers are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- able to display rotations.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Borders
-\family default
- tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
- The button
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- adds lines for all cell borders.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Longtables
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Longtables
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Longtables
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-long
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-table
-\family default
- in the tab
-\family sans
-Longtable
-\family default
- of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
- Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the first page, if
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-header
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the last page, if
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-footer
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
- You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Caption
-\family default
-.
- More about longtable captions can be found in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also specify a row where the table is split.
- If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
- of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
- The others will then be defined as
-\emph on
-empty
-\emph default
-.
- In this context, first means first in this order:
-\family sans
-Footer, Last
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-footer,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Header,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-header.
-
-\family default
- See the following longtable to see how it works:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Example Phone List (ignore the names)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-NAME
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-TEL.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Example Phone List
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-NAME
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-TEL.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-continue ...
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Annovi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Silvia
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Bertoli
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Stefano
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Bozzi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Walter
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Cachia
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maria
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Cachia
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Cinquemani
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giusi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Colin
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bernard
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Concli
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gianfranco
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Dal Bosco
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Carolina
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Dalpiaz
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Annamaria
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Feliciello
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Domenico
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Focarelli
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
-
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-
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-
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-
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-
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-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
- to it.
- As described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- and refer to it using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
- references like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-the figure above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, because, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
- will reposition the floats in the final document, it might
- not be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at all.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
- might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
- This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
- Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
- You can also set the images one below the other.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Undefinable"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
-
-\end_inset
-
- are the subfigures.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Undefinable"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Undefinable
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- width 45col%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Platypus
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 60
- width 45col%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Two distorted images.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Table Floats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Floats ! Table floats
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table floats can be inserted using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\family default
- or the toolbar botton
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "float-insert table"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- They have the same properties as figure floats except for the different
- label.
- Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is a table float.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
-A table float.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Joe
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mary
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ted
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-a & b\\
-c & d
-\end{array}\right]$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-More Information
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Floats ! Details
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
- It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
- float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
- caption.
- All these features are explained in detail with many examples in chapter
-
-\emph on
-Floats
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Minipages
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Minipages
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Minipages"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page, called
- minipage.
- Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-apply.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Minipages in \SpecialChar LyX
- have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Box
-\family default
-.
- Right-clicking on the box allows you to alter the width of the minipage
- and its alignment within the page.
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "30col%"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\shape italic
-This is a minipage.
- The text is set in an italic style.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\shape italic
-Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
- another formatting.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\family default
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you right-click on a minipage box, you can change the box from a minipage
- to other box types.
- All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
-\emph on
-Boxes
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Mathematical Formulas
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formulas | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Math
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Basic Math Editing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Basics
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-mode on"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
- corners.
- That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
- what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
- You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- menu.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
- with the
-\family sans
-math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-toolbar
-\family default
-, that appears when the cursor is in a formula.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two main types of formulas: Inline formulas appear within a text
- line, like this one:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with an inline formula
-\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
-\end_inset
-
- in it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in an own paragraph
-, like this one:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-A=B
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- supports also many \SpecialChar LaTeX
- math commands.
- E.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-typing
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-alpha
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
-\end_inset
-
-.
- So typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Navigating in Formulas
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Navigating
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
- achieved with the arrow keys.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
- The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- will leave a formula construct (a square root
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
-\end_inset
-
-, or parentheses
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
-\end_inset
-
-, or a matrix
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4
-\end{array}\right]$
-\end_inset
-
-).
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Escape
-\family default
- will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
- cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-, printed in this document as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This command will appear in the output as official character denoting the
- space character (visible space).
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
- characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
- For this reason, you have to be careful about using
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-2x+1
-\series default
- and not
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-2x
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-+1
-\series default
-, since in the latter case only the
-\family typewriter
-
-\begin_inset Formula $2x$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- will be under the square root sign:
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
- in, such as:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-\lambda_{1}\\
- & \ddots\\
- & & \lambda_{n}
-\end{array}\right)
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
- in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Selecting Text
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
- Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- and a cursor movement key to select text.
- It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
- Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
- That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
- but not in a normal text region in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Exponents and Subscripts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Exponents
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Subscripts
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-superscript"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-subscript"
-\end_inset
-
-), but it is often much easier to use a command.
- To get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type in a formula
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-.
- The final
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
- If you type
-\series bold
-x^2y
-\series default
-, you will get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
-\end_inset
-
-, to get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-y
-\series default
-.
- If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
- circumflex
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-^
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, you have to use an extra
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- to separate the circumflex and the character.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-x^
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-a
-\series default
-.
- Subscripts are similar: To get
-\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-a_1
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fractions
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Fractions
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Create a fraction with either the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-frac
-\series default
- or using the icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\frac"
-\end_inset
-
- in the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
-.
- You will be presented with an empty fraction.
- The cursor is above the fraction line.
- To move it to the bottom, simply press
-\family sans
-Down
-\family default
-.
- To move back up, press
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
-.
- Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-2 & 3\\
-4 & 5
-\end{array}\right)}\right]
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Roots
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Roots
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Roots can be created using the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- buttons
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\root"
-\end_inset
-
- or the commands
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
-.
- With the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
- you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- always produces a square root.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Operators with Limits
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Sums
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Integrals
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sum (
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
-\end_inset
-
-) and integral (
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
-\end_inset
-
-) operators are very often decorated with limits.
- These limits can be entered in \SpecialChar LyX
- by entering them as you would enter a super-
- or subscript, directly after the symbol.
- The sum operator will automatically place its
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline
- formulas, as in
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
-\end_inset
-
-, versus
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula
- types.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
- display mode.
- The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
- behind the operator and using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Limits
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Type
-\family default
- or entering
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-limits"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Certain other mathematical expressions also have this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-moving limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- feature, such as
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Limits
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-which will place the
-\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
-\end_inset
-
- underneath the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-lim
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in display mode.
- In inline formulas it looks like this:
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-lim
-\series default
-.
- Have a look at section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Functions"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation of function macros.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Symbols
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most math symbols can be found in the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- under one of several categories; including
-\family sans
-Greek
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Operators
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Relations
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Arrows
-\family default
-.
- There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
- Society (AMS).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you know the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command for a construct or symbol you wish to use, you
- don't have to use the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
-; you can type the command directly into the formula.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Altering Spacing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Spaces
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides.
- To do this, press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
-\end_inset
-
- or use the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\space"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
- For example, the sequence
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\,b$
-\end_inset
-
- appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- as
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/SpaceMarker.png
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
- the space marker and enter space again several times.
- With every space enter the size will be changed.
- Some markers for the space size appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
-, because they are negative
- spaces.
- Here are two examples:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
- and 3×
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
- and 5×
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\!b$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Functions
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Functions
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Functions"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- contains under the button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\functions"
-\end_inset
-
- a number of function macros, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\emph on
-etc
-\emph default
-.
- (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sin
-\series default
- etc.).
- Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to
- avoid confusions, because
-\begin_inset Formula $sin$
-\end_inset
-
- does normally mean
-\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
-
-\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
-\end_inset
-
- is different from
-\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts
- are placed, as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Accents
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
- mode.
- This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
- You can also use \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands, for example, to enter
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
-\end_inset
-
- even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.
- Our example is entered by typing
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hat
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-a
-\series default
- in a formula.
- Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Accent-names-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
- shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Accent-names-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Accent names and the corresponding commands.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Name
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Example
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-circumflex
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hat
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-grave
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-grave
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-acute
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-acute
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-umlaut
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-ddot
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-tilde
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-tilde
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-dot
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-dot
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-breve
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-breve
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-caron
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-check
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-macron
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-bar
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-vector
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-vec
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
-\family sans
-Frame
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-decorations
-\family default
- symbol set button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\hat"
-\end_inset
-
- in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within
- a formula too.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Brackets
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Delimiters
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are several brackets available through \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- For some purposes, using just the keys
-\family typewriter
-[]{}()|<>
-\family default
- should suffice.
- But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
- or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math
- toolbar delimiter icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4
-\end{array}\right]
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.
- Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
-\end_inset
-
- and the expression on the right was entered using the
-\family typewriter
-()
-\family default
- keys.
-
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from
- that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is
- inside.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
- left side and right side.
- If you use the option
-\family sans
-Keep
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-matched
-\family default
-, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
- The selection will be shown as \SpecialChar TeX
- code.
- If you want one side not to have a bracket, use
-\family sans
-(none)
-\family default
-.
- It will appear in \SpecialChar LyX
- with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to place brackets around existing math structures, like a square
- root, you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that
- is to go inside the brackets.
- Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
-.
- The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and
- braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.
- For example, to insert a pair of parentheses, select the structure and
- enter
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-delim ( )"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Arrays and Multi-line Equations
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Arrays
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Matrices
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
- using the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- matrix button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 2 & 3\\
-4 & 5 & 6\\
-7 & 8 & 9
-\end{array}\right)
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
- will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
- This alignment is set in the box
-\family sans
-Horizontal
-\family default
- with the letters
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-l
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-r
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- proposes a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for every column as default.
- For example, the sequence
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-lcr
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
- centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
- corresponds to the relevant column.
- The result will look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\begin{array}{lcr}
-this & this\,column & this\,column\\
-column & has & has\,right\\
-has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
-\end{array}.
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- while the cursor is in the matrix.
- Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- or the math toolbar.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
- It can be created with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cases
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Environment
-\family default
- or the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-cases
-\series default
-.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
--1 & x<0\\
-0 & x=0\\
-1 & x>0
-\end{cases}
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-Multi-line formulas are created when you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- within a formula.
- In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
- column.
- When you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-=
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
- is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
- A new row is created by every further entry of
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
-a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-\end_inset
-
-Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
- in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray*}
-\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
-\end{eqnarray*}
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The multi-line formula type described here is called
-\family typewriter
-eqnarray
-\family default
-.
- There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
- for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:asquared"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The other types are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Formula Numbering and Referencing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Formula numbering
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Referencing formulas
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Whole
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formula
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- within parentheses.
- The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
- The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
- the document class.
- In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
- separated by a dot:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-1+1=2
-\end{equation}
-
-\end_inset
-
-Using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
- in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
- You can only number displayed formulas.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-This
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-line-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
- will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 3-2\\
-2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
-4 & \leq & 7
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-\end_inset
-
-To number all lines use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
- A label is inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-) when the cursor is in the formula.
- This opens a dialog to enter the label.
- It is recommended that you use the suggested
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-eq:
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
- label type when you have many labels in your document.
- We inserted in the following example the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-eq:tanhExp
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
- & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-\end_inset
-
-Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
- Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
- You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Reference
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
- The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
- as the formula number:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a cross-reference to equation (
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s cross-reference box are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
- press
-\family sans
-Del
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-User defined math macros
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Macros
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
- have equations of the same form in a document several times.
- Math macros are explained in section
-\emph on
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Macros
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Fine-Tuning
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Typefaces
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Typefaces
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
- To set a font in a formula, use the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
-\end_inset
-
-, or enter its command, listed in table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, directly.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathrm
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathbf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathit
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathtt
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathbb
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathfrak
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\emph on
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathcal
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathsf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Calligraphic
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
- Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
- space when you need a space in the box.
- Here is an example where
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-N
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- denotes the set of numbers:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
- You can, for example, put a character in
-\family sans
-Fraktur
-\family default
- in a box for
-\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-So it is better not to use this feature.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-You can only print them emboldened using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
-, which works like the other typeface commands:
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
- works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Text
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Text
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
- not for text.
- For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
- the entry
-\family sans
-Normal
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-mode
-\family default
- of the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- in black instead of blue.
- You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
-x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
--x & \mbox{under Umständen}
-\end{cases}
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Font sizes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
- automatically chosen in most situations.
- These are called
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-scriptstyle
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-scriptscriptstyle
-\family default
-.
- For most characters,
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
- are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
- and certain other structures, are set larger in
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-.
- Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
- situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
- thinks are appropriate.
- These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\style"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
- For example, you can set
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
-\end_inset
-
-, which is normally in
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-, larger in
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The four styles are used in the following example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
- is set in a particular size with the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
-, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
- Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
- will be adjusted to correspond.
- As an example here is a formula in the font size
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\size largest
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-AMS math
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! AMS
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
- that are in common use.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling AMS-Support
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
- the document by selecting the checkbox
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-AMS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-package
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Options
-\family default
-.
- AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors in formulas,
- ensure that you have enabled AMS.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Formula Types
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides a selection of different formula types.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to choose between
-\family typewriter
-align
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-alignat
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-flalign
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gather
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-multline
-\family default
-.
- We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "AMS"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, for an explanation of these formula types.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-More Tools
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Cross-References
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Cross references
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-One of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s strengths is cross-references.
- You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
- the document.
- To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
- The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
- We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "enu:Second-item"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Second item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Third item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- or by pressing the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A gray label box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/labelQt4.png
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-
- is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
- the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-enu:
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-enumerate
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
- example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
- will be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-sec:
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A gray cross-reference box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/referenceQt4.png
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-
- is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
- in the document.
- We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
- in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As an alternative to
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
-, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
-\family sans
-Copy as Reference
-\family default
-.
- The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
- to the actual cursor position via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paste
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paste"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is our cross-reference: Item
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "enu:Second-item"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to use a protected space
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
- line breaks between them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
- normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is omitted:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-<page>: prints the page number: Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand pageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
- is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
- if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
- the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
- it prints “on the next page”.
- The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
-\family sans
-\series bold
-<reference>
-\family default
-\series default
-; otherwise it behaves like
-\family sans
-\series bold
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-<page>
-\family default
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Formatted
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package should be used for this feature by setting
- the option
-\family sans
-Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
-\family default
- in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Document Class
-\family default
-.
- The package
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
- is the default and preferred because
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- supports only English documents.
- The format is specified by using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newrefformat
-\series default
- (prettyref) or
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newref
-\series default
- (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of the document.
- For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
- shortcut
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-fig
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-) can be done with this command
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
-\backslash
-pageref{#1}}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "prettyref,refstyle"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Textual
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand nameref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- The varieties are adjusted in the field
-\family sans
-Format
-\family default
- of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
-ce.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can only use the style
-\family sans
-<reference>
-\family default
- to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
-\family sans
-<page>
-\family default
- is always possible.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
- for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
- it.
- Referencing formulas is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
- The entry
-\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Label
-\family default
- sets the cursor before the referenced label.
- This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
-\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Back
-\family default
- so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
- You can also go back with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change labels at any time.
- References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
- do not need to think about this.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
- “BROKEN”
- in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
- of the reference.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-References are described in detail in the section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Referencing Floats
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Table of Contents and other Listings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Table of contents
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Outline
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:toc"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table of Contents
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Contents
-\family default
-.
- It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray box.
- If you click on it, the
-\family sans
-Outline
-\family default
- window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
- to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
- So this operation is an alternative to the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Outline
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Pane
-\family default
- that is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
- If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
- Section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
-
-\end_inset
-
- describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
- listed in the TOC.
- Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
- of contents.
- You can insert them via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
-\family default
- submenus.
- The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs and Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-URLs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Hyperlinks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-URLs
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:URLs"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-URL
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
-'s homepage:
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.lyx.org
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
- in the style
-\family typewriter
-Typewriter
-\family default
-.
- To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
- subsection.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
- errors.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hyperlink
-\family default
- or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "href-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The appearing dialog has two fields:
-\family sans
-Target
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Name
-\family default
-.
- The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
- The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, an Email address like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "lyx-docs mailing list"
-target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
-type "mailto:"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, or a link to a file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
- adding the prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-run:
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to the link target.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
- and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
- To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
- the text style dialog.
- This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
-\family sans
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The link text color can be changed, when the option
-\family sans
-Color links
-\family default
- is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PDF Properties
-\family default
-).
- The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
- option
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-urlcolor=blue
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-to the field
-\family sans
-Additional options
-\family default
- in the PDF Properties dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Appendices
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Appendix
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Appendices"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Appendices are created with the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Here
-\family default
-.
- This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
- as the appendix part of the book.
- This part is marked with a red borderline.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
- numbered with a capital Latin letter.
- The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
- and the subsection number.
- All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
- here two examples:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Credits"
-
-\end_inset
-
-; Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Export"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Bibliography
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Bibliography
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
--document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
- manually, using the paragraph environment
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-, which was described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document, like author-year citations, then you must
-\emph on
-
-\emph default
-use a bibliography database.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Bibliography Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Within the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
- with a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
-\family sans
-Key
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and
- we used
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, a short form of its title, as the key.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Citation
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
- containing the available citations.
- Select one or more keys from the list and
-\family sans
-Add
-\family default
- them.
- Then press
-\family sans
-OK
-\family default
-.
- The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
- If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
- the reference.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
- entry with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
- Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Credits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Companion Second Edition
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The \SpecialChar LyX
--Team members are listed in the Credits:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
- label via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout-paragraph"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Bibliography ! Databases
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
- documents.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
- them.
- Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
- and reviews along with bibliographical information.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
- entries.
- You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
- your working field in a database.
- This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
- the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
- list for that document.
- This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
- you have cited.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The database is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-.bib
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, containing the bibliography in a special format.
- The format is explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX-2"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
- special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
- A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
- Wiki at
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-BibTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
-\family default
-.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
-\family sans
-style
-\family default
- file.
- The option
-\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
-\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
-\family sans
-Content
-\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-.bst
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
- Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
- provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
- layout.
- It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
- for experts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For information on how this is done, have a look at
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- either in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- or in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\family default
-.
- The following variants are possible:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
- with other bibliography packages (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-natbib
-\series default
-), only with the package
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\series default
-; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
- that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages, except
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
- larger memory than
-\family sans
-bibtex
-\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
- of the variants.
- Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
- of
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you select the option
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
- This and other options are explained in detail in section
-\emph on
-Customizing Bibliographies
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
-\family sans
-alphadin.bst
-\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation Format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Bibliography ! Citation format
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
- For this feature you need to enable the option
-\family sans
-Natbib
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
- the citation reference window.
- Here is an example where the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- appears after the reference:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Index
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index generation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Index"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An index entry is created if you use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Index
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Entry
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "index-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A box is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.
- The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed
- by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the index entry.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Index
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-List
-\family default
-.
- A light blue box labeled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Index
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
- The index list box is not clickable like other \SpecialChar LyX
--boxes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.
- For a detailed description of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s index mechanism, have a look at one of
- the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Grouping Index Entries
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Grouping
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the
- index.
- We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
- lists under the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Lists
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- First we create the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Lists
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Lists"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Itemize"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, we insert the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Lists ! Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-and the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Lists ! Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-for the enumerated list in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Enumerate"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The exclamation mark
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-!
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- marks the grouping levels.
- You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
- An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
- If we don't have an index entry for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Lists
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Page Ranges
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Page ranges
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
- section.
- But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
- For example, if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create
- an index entry in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Paragraph environments|(
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-and another entry at the end of section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LyX-Code"
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Paragraph environments|)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The commands
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-|(
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-|)
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- respectively start and end the index range.
- You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
- They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
- the pages of the indexed document parts.
- An example is the index entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Document ! Settings
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cross referencing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Cross referencing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
- We referred for example in the index entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-GIF
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Image-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) to the index entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Image formats
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the same section using the entry
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-GIF|see{Image formats}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where the braces have to be inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
- Code.
- The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
- The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Entry Order
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Entry order
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you use accented characters in the index entry the entries might not
- follow the rules for the index order.
- The index entries are sorted alphabetically but \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see
- section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- does not know how to sort accents in different languages.
- We have created as an example the three dummy index entries
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-maison
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-maïs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-maître
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries ! maïs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries ! maître
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries ! maïs@maison
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison but we want the order
- maïs, maison, maître.
- To achieve this, we use the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-previous entry@current entry
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In our case we want to have
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-maison
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- after
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-maïs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-maïs@maison
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The previous entry need not be a real existing entry.
- You can also use another word to tell \SpecialChar LaTeX
- the entry order.
- See the next subsection for an example.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
- program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package aeguill in sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages although all these index
- commands start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages !
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
- To fix this
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-OrgIndex
-\backslash
-index
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand*{
-\backslash
-index}[1]{
-\backslash
-OrgIndex{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Entry Layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Entry layout
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries !
-\shape italic
-This is an italic dummy entry
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- You can also format the page number using the character
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-|
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- followed by a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command without a backslash.
- We can write for example
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-italic page number:|textit
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-to get the page number in italic.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Normally all \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands begin with a backslash, but in this special case
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-|command
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- means
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-command{page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-number}
-\series default
-.
- Have a look at section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
-
-\end_inset
-
- to learn more about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index, see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you use
-\family sans
-xindy
-\family default
-, this will not work for anything other than bold or italic text.
- This is because
-\family sans
-xindy
-\family default
- requires you to define semantic elements before they can be used, see
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-after "p. 678 ff."
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for details.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown
- above.
- Instead, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.
- Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of
- the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.
- If so, put the following in the preamble
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-IndexDef}[1]{
-\backslash
-textit{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-and write
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-my entry|IndexDef
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-in the index entry.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher
- insists that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to
- change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the layout for the whole index.
- For example, we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get
- a bold font for all index entries.
- For more advanced tasks you have to set up a so-called
-\emph on
-Index Style File
-\emph default
-, see the
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-xindy
-\family default
- documentation for details,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "makeindex,xindy"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Program
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Index ! Program
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the index generation program
-\family sans
-xindy
-\family default
- is installed, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses it for index generation; otherwise the program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-, the program that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution, is used.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Makeindex
-\family default
- is very old, no longer under development and has many pitfalls, notably
- that it was developed with only the English language in mind.
- So it fails to sort anything other than a monolingual English text correctly.
- We have shown above how to fix this sorting.
- However, if you are writing in another than the English language, consider
- to use
-\family sans
-xindy
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s preferences
- dialog, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The available options are listed and explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "makeindex-man,xindy"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- In this dialog, you can also specify an alternative program to generate
- the index.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you need specific options or an alternative index program only for a
- given document, you can define the program and\SpecialChar breakableslash
-or the options in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Indexes
-\family default
-.
- This is especially useful if you need to pass language-specific options
- to the index program or if you need a specific layout style.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Multiple Indexes
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In many fields it is common to have more than one index.
- For instance, you might need to set up a separate
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Index of Names
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- next to the standard index.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- does not provide this possibility out of the box, but there are packages
- that add this feature.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the
-\series bold
-splitidx
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- package to generate multiple indexes.
- The package is included in all recent \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distributions.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-If yours does not ship it, consult the \SpecialChar TeX
- catalogue,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "TeXCatalogue"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Note that the package does not only consist of a \SpecialChar LaTeX
- style, but it also includes
- specific preprocessor programs that need to be installed as well.
- Please consult the package's manual for details.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for the use of multiple indexes, go to
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Indexes
-\family default
- and select the option
-\family sans
-Use multiple Indexes
-\family default
-.
- Note that the list
-\family sans
-Available Indexes
-\family default
- already contains the standard index
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Index
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- To add further indexes, add the name of the index (in the form that should
- also appear as a heading) to the
-\family sans
-New
-\family default
- input field and press the
-\family sans
-Add
-\family default
- button.
- The new index now also appears in the list.
- If you like, you can attribute an alternative \SpecialChar LyX
- label color to the new index.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once the document changes have been applied, you can find the new index
- list in
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
-\family default
- and the
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
- menu has a separate entry for each of the defined indexes.
- The workflow is basically the same as for the default index, but there
- are additional features:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you want to change the attribution of a specific index entry, right-clicking
- on the entry's label will open a dialog where you can do that.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
- Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Subindex.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
- For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
- is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
- thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Nomenclature/Glossary
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Glossary|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Nomenclature
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Nomenclature"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you need to provide a list of technical terms or symbols that
- are mentioned in your document with a brief explanation of them – a so
- called nomenclature or glossary.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to create nomenclatures or glossaries, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package
-
-\series bold
-nomencl
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed.
- You find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
- catalogue,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "TeXCatalogue"
-
-\end_inset
-
- or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
--system.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry
- and then use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\family default
-N
-\family sans
-omenclature
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Entry
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "nomencl-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A gray box labeled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Nom
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.
- The first is the term or
-\family sans
-Symbol
-\family default
- that you wish to define.
- The second is the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- of the term or symbol.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nomenclature Definition and Layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature ! Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the
-\family sans
-Symbol
-\family default
- field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--formulas.
- For example to get
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, insert this:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-$
-\backslash
-sigma$
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-$
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- character starts/ends the formula.
- The \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning with
- a backslash
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,
- like
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Sigma
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot use the
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
- dialog to format the description text; you have to use \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in this document is:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-dummy entry for the character
-\backslash
-textsf{sigma}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-textsf
-\series default
- sets the fonts to
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
-.
- To get
-\series bold
-bold
-\series default
- font use the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-textbf
-\series default
-, for
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
- use
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-texttt
-\series default
-, for
-\emph on
-emphasized
-\emph default
- use
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-emph
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To customize the appearance of all symbols add e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the command
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-nomlabel}[1]{
-\backslash
-textsf{
-\backslash
-textbf{#1}}}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-to the LaTeX preamble in the document settings.
- This command will make the font of all symbols
-\series bold
-bold
-\series default
- and
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the characters |
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-!
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-, @ and
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-"
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
- a quote character in front of them.
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
-description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature ! Sort order
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code of the symbol
- definition.
- This leads to undesired results when you, for example, have symbols in
- formulas.
- Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols
-\emph on
-a
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-symbol "a"
-description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph default
- and
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
-LatexCommand nomenclature
-prefix "sigma"
-symbol "$\\sigma$"
-description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- They will be sorted by
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-a
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-$
-\backslash
-sigma$
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- – the
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
- will be sorted before the
-\emph on
-a
-\emph default
- since the character
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-$
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is considered in sorting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To control the sort order, you can edit the
-\family sans
-Sort
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-as
-\family default
- field of the nomenclature dialog.
- Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol
- definition.
- For the example given, you can insert
-\family typewriter
-sigma
-\family default
- in this field for the
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
-, then
-\emph on
-a
-\emph default
- will be located before
-\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the
-\series bold
-nomencl
-\series default
- documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "nomencl"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nomenclature Options
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature ! Options
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\series bold
-nomencl
-\series default
- package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.
- Here are some of its options; for more have a look at its documentation:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-refeq Appends the phrase
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, see equation (
-\emph on
-eq
-\emph default
-)
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to every nomenclature entry, where
-\family sans
-\emph on
-eq
-\family default
-\emph default
- is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-refpage Appends the phrase
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-, page (
-\emph on
-page
-\emph default
-)
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to every nomenclature entry, where
-\family sans
-\emph on
-page
-\family default
-\emph default
- is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document
- class options list in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- In this document the options
-\series bold
-refpage, intoc
-\series default
- are used.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature
- entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the
-
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- field in the nomenclature dialog:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-nomrefeq Like the
-\series bold
-refeq
-\series default
- option
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-nomrefpage Like the
-\series bold
-refpage
-\series default
- option
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-nomrefeqpage Short notation of
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-nomrefeq
-\backslash
-nomrefpage
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-nomnorefeq,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-nomnorefpage,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Words like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- are automatically translated for some document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
-\backslash
-nobreakspace(#1)}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
-\backslash
-nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- by their translation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Printing the Nomenclature
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature ! Printing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To print the nomenclature, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Nomenclature
-\family default
-.
- A box labeled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-Nomenclature
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.
- By right-clicking on it, the amount of space for symbols can be altered.
- You can choose between these settings:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Default a space of 1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-cm is used
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Longest
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-label
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-width the width of the widest symbol of all nomenclature entries is used
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Custom custom space
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Nomenclature
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the
- command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-nomname
-\series default
- in the preamble.
- For example, in order to change the name to
-\emph on
-List of Symbols
-\emph default
-, add the following line to the preamble:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-nomname}{List of Symbols}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nomenclature Program
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Nomenclature ! Program
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Nomenclature-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-, that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution, to generate the nomenclature.
- \SpecialChar LyX
-'s preferences dialog allows you to specify another program or to control
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- by adding options, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-settings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The available options are listed and explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "nomencl,makeindex"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Branches
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Branches
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Branches
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Branches"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.
- For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the
- pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same
- document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For these cases \SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to put text into branches.
- The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.
- To create a branch, either select the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Branch\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Insert New Branch
-\family default
- (if you just want to specify a new branch) or go in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog to
-\family sans
-Branches
-\family default
-, where you can specify and change the name of the branch, its activation
- state (whether the content of the branch is shown in the output or not),
- its background color inside \SpecialChar LyX
- and whether the name of the branch should
- be appended to the document file name on export if the branch is active
- (see below for an example).
- Furthermore, the dialog lets you merge two branches (just rename one branch
- to the name of the other) and to add
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-unknown branches
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-branches that were added to the document via copy and paste from other documents
-, without having been defined) to the document's branch list.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.
- These boxes are inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Branch
-\family default
- where you can choose a branch.
- You can later change the activation state of the branch by right-clicking
- on them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch
- is deactivated and therefore does not appear in the output:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Branch Question
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Branch Answer
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you activate
-\family sans
-Filename Suffix
-\family default
- in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Branches
-\family default
-, the name of the active branches will be appended to the file name at export.
- Consider for example a file
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Exam.lyx
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- which has the above branches.
- If
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Filename Suffix
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is active, the PDF export file would be called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Exam.pdf
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- if both the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Question
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Answer
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch were inactive,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Exam-Question.pdf
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- if only the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Question
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch was active, likewise
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Exam-Answer.pdf
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- if only the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Answer
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch was active, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Exam-Question-Answer.pdf
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- if both branches were active.
- This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,
- like inside equations, you can code special \SpecialChar LaTeX
- definitions for each branch.
- For example you can define for the question branch
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For an introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-question}[1]{#1}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-answer}[1]{}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-and for the answer branch
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-question}[1]{}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-answer}[1]{#1}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Branch Question
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-question}[1]{#1}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-answer}[1]{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Branch Answer
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-question}[1]{}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-answer}[1]{#1}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now it is possible to use the
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-question{\SpecialChar ldots
-}
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-answer{\SpecialChar ldots
-}
-\series default
- commands to obtain conditional output.
- Here is an example formula where only the
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-question
-\series default
- part appears:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.
-\]
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see the
-
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Each type of branch is allowed to have its specific style defined in layout
- files (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-any branch inset can be automatically wrapped by your own \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands.).
- For this advanced usage, see the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual, section
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Flex insets and InsetLayout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-PDF Properties
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:PDF-Properties"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-PDF properties
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PDF Properties
-\family default
- dialog allows you to set up special options for the PDF output of your
- document.
- All these options are provided by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- which will link all cross-references in the DVI- and PDF-output.
- This means that the reader of your document will be able to click on a
- table of contents entry or on a reference to move to the cross-referenced
- part of the document.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The header information in the dialog tab
-\family sans
-General
-\family default
- is saved together with the PDF as file properties.
- Many programs are able to extract this information, for example, automatically
- to recognize who the author is and what the PDF is about.
- This is very useful to sort, classify or use PDFs for bibliography issues.
- When the option
-\family sans
-Automatically
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-fill
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-header
-\family default
- is set, \SpecialChar LyX
- tries to extract the header information from your document title
- and author entries.
- The option
-\family sans
-Load
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-in
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-fullscreen
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-mode
-\family default
- will open the PDF in fullscreen mode, which is useful for presentations.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can specify in the dialog tab
-\family sans
-Hyperlinks
-\family default
- how the links will look and if links for bibliographical backreferences
- are created.
- The
-\family sans
-Break
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-links
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-over
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-lines
-\family default
- option allows long links to be split;
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-frames
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-around
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-links
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Color
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-links
-\family default
- both turn off the default behavior of enclosing all links in frames;
-\family sans
-Color
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-links
-\family default
- colors the different links.
- The default colors are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\color magenta
-magenta
-\color inherit
- for hyperlinks and URLs
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\color red
-red
-\color inherit
- for links
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\color green
-green
-\color inherit
- for citations
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-but you can change these in the field
-\family sans
-Additional options
-\family default
-.
- For example, in this document they were changed with the additional options:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the option
-\family sans
-Backreferences
-\family default
- is set, the hyperlinks will appear in the bibliography after the different
- entries, showing, depending on the option selected, the number of the section,
- slide or page where the entry is referenced.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the dialog tab
-\family sans
-Bookmarks
-\family default
- you can specify if PDF-bookmarks should be created for every section of
- your document to make it easier for readers to navigate through the document.
- You can decide if the bookmarks should be numbered like your document sections
- or not.
- With the
-\family sans
-Open bookmarks
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Level
-\family default
- you can specify what sectioning level should be displayed in the bookmarks
- when opening the PDF.
- For example level
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2 will display all sections and subsections, while level
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1 will only display the sections.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-PDF properties are also used in this document.
- When you look in its document settings, you can see that some additional
-
-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
- options are used.
- For an explanation of all them we refer you to the hyperref manual
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "hyperref"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-\SpecialChar TeX
- Code and the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- Syntax
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:TeX-Code"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar TeX
- Code Boxes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar TeX
- Code
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As \SpecialChar LyX
- uses \SpecialChar LaTeX
- in the background, it supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands and constructs,
- but not all.
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- contains hundreds of packages that provide different commands.
- All the time packages are being updated and new ones added.
- This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there
- is a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package for every problem, though \SpecialChar LyX
- cannot support all packages and
- their commands.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-But don't worry, you can use any \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command directly in \SpecialChar LyX
- inside the \SpecialChar TeX
- Code
- box.
- A \SpecialChar TeX
- Code box is created by the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-TeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Code
-\family default
- or by the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "ert-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "ert-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on
- it and selecting
-\family sans
-Close Inset
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert complete or incomplete commands as \SpecialChar TeX
- Code.
- Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
- text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fbox
-\series default
-, you can write the command part
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fbox{
-\series default
- in a \SpecialChar TeX
- Code box before the word and the closing brace
-\series bold
-}
-\series default
- in a second \SpecialChar TeX
- Code box behind the word.
- The word between the two \SpecialChar TeX
- Code boxes is then the argument as it is in the
- following example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-gives
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with a
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-fbox{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-framed
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- word.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- At the end of \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands without parameters, you have to insert a space
- to let \SpecialChar LaTeX
- know that the command is finished.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-A Short Introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- Syntax
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-The \SpecialChar LaTeX
- Syntax
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Syntax
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
- about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands that \SpecialChar LyX
- uses in the background.
- Because \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is based on commands, you can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-program
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- your text.
- This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
- any time if you know the right commands.
- For example, imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline
- is the end of the day.
- Your boss has just complimented you for your good work but wants to have
- all caption labels bold.
- But you have over a hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
- in your manual.
- Of course it is impossible to change all caption labels manually in one
- day.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now \SpecialChar LaTeX
- comes into play.
- As mentioned above, for every problem there exists a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package.
- First you have to find out which and therefore look in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package database,
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Catalogue"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As result you find that the package
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is what you need.
- To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\family sans
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Preamble
-\family default
-) with the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[options]{package name}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
- two braces and the options are set within two brackets.
- Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In your case the package name is
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
-.
- After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option
-
-\series bold
-labelfont=bf
-\series default
- will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
- So you add the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-to the preamble and the problem is solved.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For more commands provided by the
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
- package, have a look at its documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "caption"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well-known problems
- like your case.
- For example if you use a
-\family sans
-KOMA-Script
-\family default
- class, you don't need the package
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
-, you can instead write
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setkomafont{captionlabel}{
-\backslash
-bfseries}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-in the preamble and the problem is solved.
- So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
- documentation of the document class you want to use.
- (
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setkomafont
-\series default
- is an example of a command with more than one argument.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Commands in the preamble affect the whole document, while commands in the
- text affect only the text after the command or only the text used as command
- argument.
- To insert a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command in text, use the \SpecialChar TeX
- Code box as described in the previous
- section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to learn more about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and its syntax, have a look at the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--books
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-pagestyle{fancy}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-switches temporarily to a page style with custom header and footer line
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Left Header
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-rightmark
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-defines the header line as described below
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Center Header
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Right Header
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-leftmark
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Left Footer
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-thepage
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Center Footer
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\series bold
-\color red
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LyX
-'s user guide
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Magic code:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Right Footer
-\begin_inset Argument 1
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-Roman{page}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Customized Page Headers and Footers
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Header/Footer line
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Header/Footer line
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To define a custom page header and footer line for your document, you need
- to set the
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-style
-\family default
- to
-\family sans
-Fancy
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
-.
- As a second step add in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Modules
-\family default
- the module
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Custom Header/Footerlines
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- This module offers the following 6
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-styles:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Left
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Center
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Left
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Center
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-for the different positions in the header/footer.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally, headers and footers are set up at the beginning of the document.
- But you can change them anywhere you want to.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Page-layout"
-
-\end_inset
-
- shows the page layout and where the header/footer styles will appear.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-placement h
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\noindent
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="30line%">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="30line%">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="30line%">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Left Header
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Center Header
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Right Header
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none" width="90line%">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The normal text on the page goes here.
- The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
- footnotes).
- Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
- the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Left Footer
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Center Footer
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Right Footer
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Page-layout"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Page layout with custom header and footer line.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note
-\series default
-: some document classes implement their own customized page headers and
- footers if
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-style
-\family default
- is set to “Default”.
- Check what these are before you specify your own customized page headers
- and footers.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Definition
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To define your header line, add all three header styles.
- The things you add to the styles appear on odd numbered pages, the things
- in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
- For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and
- can be omitted.
- If you leave a style or its argument empty, nothing appears in the output.
- Defining the footer line works similarly.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For the definition, you will need some \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands that are inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
- code
- (menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-TeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Code
-\family default
-):
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-thepage prints the current page number
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-Roman{page} prints the current page number with capital roman numerals
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-roman{page} prints the current page number with small roman numerals
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-leftmark prints the current section number and title.
- If the document has chapters, it prints the current chapter number and
- title instead.
- It is called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-leftmark
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
-
- because it usually goes in a left header.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-rightmark prints the current subsection number and title.
- If the document has chapters, it prints the current section number and
- title instead.
- It is normally used in the right header.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Default header/footer
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The custom header/footer is not empty by default.
- The default header contains the chapter and section title and the center
- footer has the page number.
- In order to remove unwanted entries from the header/footer, include the
- relevant header/footer style in your document, but leave it blank.
- So, if you do not want a page number in the footer, include a blank
-\family sans
-Center
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer
-\family default
- style.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Appearance
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The header and footer will appear on normal pages.
- Some pages are different.
- The title page has a style of its own, and so does any page that starts
- a new part or chapter in your book.
- Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.
- There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on
- the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Header and footer decoration line
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, you get a 0.4
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt thick line below the header and no footer line.
- This can be changed in the document preamble with the commands
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-headrulewidth
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-footrulewidth
-\series default
- in the following way:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-headrulewidth}{thickness}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where thickness is a size in standard units like
-\family sans
-pt
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-mm
-\family default
-.
- If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The lines can also be colored, but this requires more knowledge of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- If you really need this, have a look at the Internet or in sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-4.4 of the book
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Several header/footer lines
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
- this by adding a normal line break in the style definition.
- However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
- text line.
- To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- length
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-headheight
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-footheight
-\series default
- in this entry in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Lat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Preamble
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-headheight}{height}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-where height is a size in standard units.
- If you don't know which amount of space is needed for the height, define
- your header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
- Then open the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logfile with the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX Log
-\family default
- and use the button
-\family sans
-Next
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Warning
-\family default
- to see if you can find a warning about the package
-\series bold
-fancyhdr
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If there is such a warning, it contains the space that you need at least
- for your header/footer.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-This example
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This example demonstrates what can be done with custom header/footers.
- Don't use it for your document as it is just an example.
- This example consists of the following definition:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Left
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-rightmark
-\series default
-, empty optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Center
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header empty, empty optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Header empty,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-leftmark
-\series default
- in the optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Left
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer empty,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-thepage
-\series default
- in the optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Center
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer
-\family sans
-\series bold
-\color red
-\SpecialChar LyX
-'s user guide
-\family default
-\series default
-\color inherit
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Magic code:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\Upsilon=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\aleph}}{\spadesuit}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Footer
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Roman{page}
-\series default
-, empty optional argument
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\backslash
-headrulewidth set to 2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In principle you can use almost everything in headers/footers, except floats.
- For more specialized features, for example, thumb-indexes, see the manual
- of the
-\series bold
-fancyhdr
-\series default
- package,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "fancyhdr"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-pagestyle{headings}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-switches back to page style with the default headings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Previewing Snippets of your Document
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Instant preview
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Preview
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the fly
- so you can see how they will look in the final document without having
- to break your train of thought with viewing the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Prerequisites
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get previews working, you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package
-\series bold
-preview-latex
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- (on some systems named simply
-\series bold
-preview
-\series default
-) installed.
- If it is not already installed, you will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
--catalogue,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "TeXCatalogue"
-
-\end_inset
-
- or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
--system.
- You obtain prettier results if you install the program
-\family typewriter
-pnmcrop
-\family default
- from the
-\family typewriter
-netpbm
-\family default
- package; for \SpecialChar LyX
- on Windows this program and also the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package are automatically
- installed together with \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling previews
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you would for example like to see in \SpecialChar LyX
- your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
-,
- activate the option
-\family sans
-Display
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Graphics
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences
-\family default
-dialog under
-\family sans
-Look
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-feel\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Display
-\family default
-.
- Then set
-\family sans
-Instant
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Preview
-\family default
- to
-\family sans
-On
-\family default
-.
- The
-\family sans
-Preview
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Size
-\family default
- is the multiplication factor for the size.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you would like to see everything but your math formulas typeset by \SpecialChar LaTeX
-,
- set
-\family sans
-Instant
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Preview
-\family default
- to
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-math
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Previews are generated when you load a document into \SpecialChar LyX
- and when you finish
- editing an inset.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Previews of an already loaded document are not in every case immediately
- generated by activating the option
-\family sans
-Display
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Graphics
-\family default
-.
- Reopening the document will fix such problems.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Selected document parts
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Besides math there are other cases where you might like to see a preview,
- for example things that \SpecialChar LyX
- cannot render like rotated parts or things that
- are not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- To do this, insert a preview inset via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preview
-\family default
-.
- Insert or paste the stuff that you want to preview into this inset.
- The preview will be generated when the cursor is outside the preview inset.
- If you click on the preview, you can edit the previewed stuff.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An example: To create rotated boxes, you use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-rotatebox
-\series default
- which is not yet supported by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-rotatebox
-\series default
- is explained in section
-\emph on
-Rotated and Scaled Boxes
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Instead of the \SpecialChar TeX
- Code boxes you want to see in \SpecialChar LyX
- the final rotated boxes,
- for example to adjust the rotation angle to fit with the surrounding text.
- Therefore you create a preview inset and copy the text with the rotated
- boxes into it.
- Here is the result:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Preview
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-This is a line
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-rotatebox[origin=r]{-60}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Box Doublebox
-position "c"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 0
-inner_pos "c"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "1in"
-special "width"
-height "1in"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-with rotated
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- framed text
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-rotatebox[origin=lb]{60}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=B$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and a formula.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Previewing works also for colors.
- In this example a special framed, colored box was created using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- command
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fcolorbox
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-fcolorbox
-\series default
- is explained in section
-\emph on
-Colored Boxes
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Preview
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\lang english
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-fboxrule 1mm
-\backslash
-fboxsep 1mm
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-This is text within a colored, framed box.
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If \SpecialChar LyX
- does not show a preview, make sure that you enabled previews as described
- above and also make sure that \SpecialChar TeX
- Code in the preview inset is valid and that
- you loaded the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages in your document preamble that are required by
- the \SpecialChar TeX
- Code.
- If \SpecialChar LyX
- cannot create a preview, you will in most cases also not be able to
- view your document due to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- errors.
- So if you have to use some \SpecialChar TeX
- Code and don't know if it is correct, the preview
- inset is a nice method to check it without the need to view the whole document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- source code
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can preview the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source of the whole document or parts of it.
- Use the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Source
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Pane
-\family default
- and a window will be shown where you can see the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--source code.
- The window shows the source of the whole paragraph in which the cursor
- currently sits.
- You can also select document parts in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s main window, then only this selection
- (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.
- To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in
- the source view window.
- If you check
-\family sans
-Automatic update
-\family default
-, you can see the changes as you make them in \SpecialChar LyX
-; but note that if you have
- several documents open, this will slow things down as \SpecialChar LyX
- updates them all,
- not just the one which is open at the time.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Advanced Find and Replace
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Replace
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Find
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The advanced find and replace feature of \SpecialChar LyX
- allows for searching of complex,
- format-sensitive text segments and mathematics contents within \SpecialChar LyX
- documents.
- It is an enhancement of the standard (quick) find and replace feature.
- The key-features are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Both searching of text and of mathematical formulas is allowed, where the
- latter is done by entering mathematics in the usual way; not only entire
- mathematical formulas are found, but also parts occurring within more complex
- formulas
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Search may be format-insensitive, so that the searched text is found in
- any context/style (standard text, section headings, notes, and even mathematics
-), or it may be format-sensitive, so that, for example, a word entered with
- a section heading will only be found within section headings
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Search may be restricted to mathematics environments only; this is useful
- for remangling math notation where one does not want to match any text
- outside of mathematics environments
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Search may be widened to a specific
-\emph on
-scope
-\emph default
-, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-a set of files which may be all the children of the document being edited,
- all the open files, or all the manuals available from the
-\family sans
-Help
-\family default
- menu
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Replace may optionally preserve capitalization, so that the replaced text
- capitalization is adapted to the matching text (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-all lowercase, all uppercase, first letter uppercase followed by lowercase)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Basic usage
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The advanced find and replace feature is activated through the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Find & Replace
-\noun on
- (
-\noun default
-Advanced
-\noun on
-)
-\family default
-\noun default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "dialog-show findreplaceadv"
-\end_inset
-
-) or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- This opens the
-\family sans
-Advanced Find and Replace
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Searching for text
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Enter into the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- \SpecialChar LyX
- mini-editor a simple word, and search for occurrences of it by clicking
- on the
-\family sans
-Find
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Next
-\family default
- button at the bottom of the dialog (or just press the
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break"
-\end_inset
-
- key).
- The entered word is found both in text mode and in math mode, and in emphasized
-, bold or normal face, and in both in section titles and in standard text.
- Pressing
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break"
-\end_inset
-
- repeatedly keeps searching forward while pressing
-\family sans
-Shift+Return
-\family default
- searches backwards.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Case
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sensitive
-\family default
- option allows matches to occur only with the same case as entered in the
-
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor.
- The
-\family sans
-Whole
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-words
-\family default
- option allows matches to occur only at word boundaries.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Searching for mathematics
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Mathematical formulas, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
-\end_inset
-
- or something more complex like
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}$
-\end_inset
-
-, may be searched for by typing them in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor.
- When searching for a formula, it is found both when it is alone and when
- it occurs in sub-formulas and nested parts of sub-formulas.
- For example the mentioned segments would be found in something like
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}.$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Style-aware search
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is also possible to search for text with specific styles.
- This is done by switching to the
-\family sans
-Settings
-\family default
- tab of the dialog and unchecking the
-\family sans
-Ignore format
-\family default
- option.
- This way, entering in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-a normal word and searching for it would not find instances of the word
- occurring in emphasized or boldface.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-an emphasized or boldface word and searching for it would find the respective
- instances with the same face only, and within the same text style only.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-a normal word in a section heading, and searching for it, would find occurrences
- of it only within section headings.
- Also, if the text to search is given an emphasized or bold face, in addition
- to a section style, then it is found only when occurring with the same
- style.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-a displayed formula will only find instances of this formula that are also
- displayed formulas (and not inline formulas).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Replace
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The entries made in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor can be replaced with entries made in the
-\family sans
-Replace
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-with
-\family default
- editor.
- In order to find the next occurrence and replace it, click on the
-\family sans
-Replace
-\family default
- button or alternatively press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-break"
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\family sans
-Shift+Return
-\family default
- while the cursor is in the
-\family sans
-Replace
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-with
-\family default
- editor.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can replace with fully-featured formatted \SpecialChar LyX
- entries.
- Typical scenarios in which to use this capability might be (just to mention
- two):
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-replacing occurrences of a word with a customized formatted version of the
- same word, for example replacing occurrences of a name like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-func()
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- with its typewriter version
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-func()
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-performing a notation rework of mathematical symbols, for example replacing
- occurrences of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $R$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{R}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (you may want to enable the
-\family sans
-Whole
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-words
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Case
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sensitive
-\family default
- options and disable the
-\family sans
-Ignore format
-\family default
- option in the
-\family sans
-Settings
-\family default
- tab, in order to avoid replacing all
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-R
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- letters occurring in normal text), or occurrences of
-\begin_inset Formula $x_{j}^{i}$
-\end_inset
-
- with
-\begin_inset Formula $x_{i,\,j}$
-\end_inset
-
-, or occurrences of
-\begin_inset Formula $x[k]$
-\end_inset
-
- with
-\begin_inset Formula $x_{k}$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Advanced usage
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is a regular expression (regexp) based searching facility.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-A good explanation of regular expressions is given in this Wikipedia entry:
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- You can search for a regular expression by inserting a regexp inset into
- the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor.
- This is done with the context menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Insert Regular Expression
-\family default
- while the cursor is in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor.
- Characters entered within regexp insets are matched according to the regular
- expression matching rules
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Under the constraint that any (sub)expression must match a well-formed \SpecialChar LyX
-
- segment, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-when matching \SpecialChar LaTeX
- code, no segments with unbalanced {} braces are allowed to
- match expressions.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, while text entered outside regexp insets is matched exactly against the
- same text in the document.
- You can cut and paste regexp-mode insets.
- Examples of using such a feature may be:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Searching for all fractions with a given denominator: for example, entering
- in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- editor the fraction
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{.*}{1+x^{2}}$
-\end_inset
-
- (where the
-\begin_inset Formula $.*$
-\end_inset
-
- on the numerator is the match-everything regular expression) finds all
- fractions with the given denominator.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Searching for all text with a given style: for example, after unchecking
- the
-\family sans
-Ignore format
-\family default
- option from the
-\family sans
-Settings
-\family default
- tab, entering a
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Formula $.*$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
- regular expression and giving it an emphasized or bold face, finds all
- emphasized or bold face text respectively.
- Also, by inserting a
-\begin_inset Formula $.*$
-\end_inset
-
- regular expression in a bullet or enumerated list or a section heading,
- you can find all bullet or enumerated lists or section headings.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, references to (sub)expressions in regexp may be used as usual:
- Enclosing parts of the expression within round braces
-\begin_inset Formula $()$
-\end_inset
-
-, and referring back to them through
-\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\backslash2$
-\end_inset
-
-, etc..
- For example, try searching with the regexp
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-[[:space:]]([[:alpha:]]+)[[:space:]]
-\backslash
-1[[:space:]]
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-in order to find word repetitions, if there are any.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The usage of back references in the replaced text is not (yet) implemented.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Back references work both when occurring within the same regexp, and when
- occurring in multiple different regexps, where the numbering of back-referenced
- sub-expressions is absolute.
- That is,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\backslash1$
-\end_inset
-
- always refers to the first occurrence of
-\begin_inset Formula $()$
-\end_inset
-
- in all entered regexps.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Spell Checking
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Spellchecking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Spell checking
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- has a built-in spell checker.
- The menu
-\family sans
- Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Spellchecker
-\family default
-, the
-\family sans
-F7
-\family default
- key or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
-\end_inset
-
- start the spell checking from either the current cursor position or the
- beginning of the currently selected text.
- A sidebar will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found, allowing
- you to edit and replace it in a second line.
- Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text
- scrolled so that it is visible.
- In the spellchecker sidebar, there is a box showing suggestions for a correctio
-n, if any could be found.
- Clicking on one of the corrections will copy it to the
-\family sans
-Replacement
-\family default
- field, double-clicking directly invokes the replacement.
- Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, the dictionary file used is determined by the document language
- that is set in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- You can specify the language of a word in the spellchecker dialog by choosing
- a different one at the top of the dialog.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- can correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
- This works if you have set the language of the text parts using the
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style
-\family default
- dialog (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show character"
-\end_inset
-
-) and have the spell checker dictionaries installed.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically switches to the appropriate dictionary file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All spell-checker dictionaries supported by \SpecialChar LyX
- can be downloaded from here:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-There are 2
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-files for each language.
- To install a dictionary on Windows, copy the 2
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-files into \SpecialChar LyX
-'s installation subfolder
-\family sans
-~
-\backslash
-Resources
-\backslash
-dicts
-\family default
- and restart \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-With Linux one needs to install the packages for the desired language.
- The number of these packages vary depending on the Linux distribution,
- but in most cases these are
-\family typewriter
-aspell-xx
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-hunspell-xx
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
- myspell-xx
-\family default
-, etc., where
-\family sans
-xx
-\family default
- is the language code.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Further Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Spellchecker
-\family default
- you can set the following things:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Spellchecker
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-engine Select the library \SpecialChar LyX
- should use for spell checking.
- Depending on your platform,
-\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-hunspell
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-enchant
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Enchant itself is a wrapper library having different configurable back-ends.
- Please consult the documentation or man-page of it to learn more.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
- are available.
- On Windows only
-\family typewriter
-hunspell
-\family default
- is available.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- on Mac
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-OS can also use Mac's own spellchecker and will use it by default.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Alternative
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-language If this field is not empty, \SpecialChar LyX
- will always use the given language
- for the spell checking, no matter what the document language is.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Escape
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker
- should escape, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-German umlauts.
- This should normally not be needed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Accept
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-compound
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-words Prevents the spell checker from complaining about compounded words
- like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-passthrough
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Spellcheck
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-continuously Checks the spelling of your document as you type it.
- Misspelled words get underlined with a dotted red line.
- By right-clicking on an underlined word, suggestions from the spellchecker
- appear in a context menu.
- Choosing one of them will replace the misspelled word with the suggested
- word.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Spellcheck
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-notes
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-comments If enabled, the spelling of non-printed document content is checked
- as well.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Thesaurus
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Thesaurus
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Thesaurus"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- provides a multilingual thesaurus.
- It uses the same thesaurus framework as LibreOffice, OpenOffice and Firefox
- (namely the
-\family sans
-MyThes
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- thesaurus library, which is included in \SpecialChar LyX
-).
- Therefore, \SpecialChar LyX
- is able to directly access OpenOffice thesaurus dictionaries,
- which are available for many languages.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This section describes how new dictionaries are installed and set up for
- the use with \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Setting up the thesaurus
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-MyThes
-\emph on
-/
-\emph default
-OpenOffice
-\family default
- thesauri consist of two files per language: A file with the suffix
-\emph on
-*.dat
-\emph default
- containing the data and an index file with the suffix
-\emph on
-*.idx
-\emph default
-.
- The standardized file names include the language code for the given language
- (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-en_US
-\family default
- for US English).
- For instance, the US English files are named:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.idx
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.dat
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have
-\family sans
-LibreOffice
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-OpenOffice
-\family default
- and its thesaurus installed, these files should be already on your system
- and you just need to point \SpecialChar LyX
- (in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thesaurus
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dictionaries
-\family default
-) to the path where they are installed.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-On Linux, depending on your distribution and the way you installed the dictionar
-ies, typical locations are
-\family typewriter
-/usr/share/mythes/
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-/usr/share/myspell/dicts/
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-/usr/share/ooo/thesaurus/
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
- ~/.config/libreoffice/<version>/user/
-\family default
- or alike.
- On Windows, dictionaries are to be found at
-\family typewriter
-~
-\backslash
-Program Files
-\backslash
-LibreOffice-<Version>
-\backslash
-share
-\backslash
-extensions
-\family default
-or similar.
- On the Mac, the default location is
-\family typewriter
-/Users\SpecialChar breakableslash
-<user name>\SpecialChar breakableslash
-Library\SpecialChar breakableslash
-Application Support\SpecialChar breakableslash
-libreoffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
-<version>\SpecialChar breakableslash
-user
-\family default
-/.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- On Windows, you can alternatively also select dictionaries for installation
- during the \SpecialChar LyX
- installation process, which will then be installed in the correct
- place right away.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
-further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
- them from here:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To install a new dictionary, download the two files for this dictionary
- into the thesaurus path (which is set in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thesaurus
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dictionaries
-\family default
-) and restart \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- If this path is not defined yet, you can use a dictionary of your choice
- and point \SpecialChar LyX
- there.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alternatively, you can also install new dictionaries via
-\family sans
-LibreOffice\SpecialChar breakableslash
-OpenOffice
-\family default
- or, on Linux, via your package manager (look for
-\emph on
-mythes-*
-\emph default
- or
-\emph on
-libreoffice-thesaurus-*
-\emph default
- packages).
- If you do this, make sure that \SpecialChar LyX
- is able to find the installed dictionaries,
- i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
- that
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paths\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thesaurus
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dictionaries
-\family default
- points to the path where you installed these dictionaries.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Using the thesaurus
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To start the thesaurus, use the menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thesaurus
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "thesaurus-entry"
-\end_inset
-
- while the cursor is at the word you want to look up or while a word is
- selected.
- A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as
- a replacement.
- The suggestions are grouped into categories.
- Note that, for some languages (such as English), the thesaurus does not
- only show equivalent words (synonyms), but also generic terms (such as
-
-\emph on
-organism
-\emph default
- for
-\emph on
-plant
-\emph default
-), related terms (such as
-\emph on
-political
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-theory
-\emph default
- for
-\emph on
-anarchistic
-\emph default
-), compounds (such as
-\emph on
-tree
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-diagram
-\emph default
-, if you look for
-\emph on
-tree
-\emph default
-) and opposites (antonyms) (such as
-\emph on
-girl
-\emph default
- for
-\emph on
-boy
-\emph default
-).
- Generic terms, related terms and antonyms are marked as such.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The language is automatically chosen from the language at the cursor, but
- you can also switch it in the dialog, as you can enter new words to look
- up directly there.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the thesaurus cannot handle phrases (only compounds that are in
- the dictionary, such as the above
-\emph on
-tree diagram
-\emph default
-), and you have to use the so called lemma form, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the form that is used in the dictionaries (for many languages: first person
- singular indicative active for nouns, infinitive for verbs).
- For example, looking up the word form
-\emph on
-reporting
-\emph default
- yields no results, while results are shown for the word form
-\emph on
-report
-\emph default
-.
- Your best bet is to highlight only the relevant part of such a word (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\emph on
-report
-\emph default
- in
-\emph on
-report
-\emph default
-s); then you will get suggestions without needing to adjust the query in
- the dialog, and also the replacement will probably be correct (as only
- the highlighted part will be replaced; thus the ending remains).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Change Tracking
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Change Tracking
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Change Tracking
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Change-Tracking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you work on a document collaboratively it is extremely useful to be
- able to see changes that others have made highlighted in the document.
- You can then decide if you want to accept a change or not.
- This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Track
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by strokes and colors:
-
-\bar under
-\color blue
-underlined text
-\bar default
-\color inherit
- is an addition,
-\strikeout on
-\color blue
-canceled text
-\strikeout default
-\color inherit
- is a deletion.
- The color depends on the author that made the change.
- You can change the color in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Look
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-feel
-\family default
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\family sans
-Colors
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! Change tracking
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- The author and the date of the change are shown in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s status bar when the
- cursor is in changed text.
- The same information is shown when you use the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "changes-merge"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in \SpecialChar LyX
-:
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Toolbar ! Review
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/ChangesToolbar.png
- scale 90
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The review toolbar as shown above contains the following buttons:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "changes-track"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Track
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "changes-output"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Show
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-in
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "change-next"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Jumps to the next change
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "change-accept"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Accept
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Change
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "change-reject"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Reject
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Change
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "changes-merge"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Merge
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "all-changes-accept"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Accept
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-All
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "all-changes-reject"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Tracking\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Reject
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-All
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Note
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-next"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Next
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Note
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Not all changes are (yet) visualized, especially no format changes like
- from
-\emph on
-normal
-\emph default
- to
-\emph on
-bold
-\emph default
- font or
-\emph on
-Standard
-\emph default
- to
-\emph on
-Description
-\emph default
- paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes – highlight
- the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.
- When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you information about
- the next change after the current cursor position.
- So you don't need to highlight a certain change.
- Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and
- step to the next change.
- This way you can jump through all the changes in the document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important
- to describe a change.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To show the changes made in the output you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package
-\series bold
-dvipost
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed.
- You will find it in the \SpecialChar TeX
- Catalogue,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "TeXCatalogue"
-
-\end_inset
-
- or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
--system.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Comparison of Documents
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Comparison of documents
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can compare two different \SpecialChar LyX
- files via the menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Compare
-\family default
-.
- The comparison result is a \SpecialChar LyX
- file with change tracking enabled showing the
- differences.
- In the comparison dialog you can select from which document \SpecialChar LyX
- should take
- the document settings for the resulting difference file with the option
-
-\family sans
-Copy
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Document
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-from
-\family default
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Enable
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-tracking
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-features
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-in
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-the
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-output
-\family default
- enables the change tracking option
-\family sans
-Show
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Changes
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-in
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\family default
- to visualize the differences also in the PDF output of the difference file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-International Support
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-International support
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This section describes how to use \SpecialChar LyX
- with any language you want.
- For some languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain how to set
- up \SpecialChar LyX
- to use them:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Besides languages, \SpecialChar LyX
- also supports phonetic symbols, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Special-Character"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Language Options
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Language ! Options
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Document ! Language
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language
-\family default
- dialog lets you set the language, the quote style and character encoding.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Under
-\family sans
-Encoding
-\family default
- you can choose the character encoding map you want to use for \SpecialChar LaTeX
- export.
- The option
-\family sans
-Language
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Default
-\family default
- is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.
- For details about the different encoding options see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Language-encodings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Keyboard mapping configuration
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Keyboard-mapping"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have for example a U.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language other than English, you
- can use an alternate keymap.
- For example, if you want to write in Italian, you can configure \SpecialChar LyX
- to use
- an Italian keymap.
- The
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Keyboard/Mouse
-\family default
- dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
- which one you want to use.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
- different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
- You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-S.-style keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
- In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
- one to support the characters you want.
- This and many other customizations are explained in the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-\start_of_appendix
-The User Interface
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:The-User-Interface"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This appendix lists all the available menus and describes their functionality.
- It is designed as a quick reference if you are searching for a special
- topic inside the user's guide.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The File Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! File
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Under the
-\family sans
-File
-\family default
- menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-New
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Creates a new document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-New from Template
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Open
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Open Recent
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.
- Click there on a file to open it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Close
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Closes the current document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Close All
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Closes all opened documents.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Save
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Saves the actual document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Save As
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Save All
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Saves all opened documents.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Revert to saved
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Reloads the actual document from disk.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Version Control
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is used when multiple people are working on the same document or when
- one person wants to keep a careful archive of changes.
- It is described in the section
-\emph on
-Version Control in \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Import
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can import files from older \SpecialChar LyX
- versions, HTML files, \SpecialChar LaTeX
- files, NoWeb
- files, plain text files and comma separated, table-like text files (CSV).
- The files will be imported as a new \SpecialChar LyX
- document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When using the menu entry
-\family sans
-Plain
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\family default
-, line breaks in the text will start a new paragraph; when using the menu
- entry
-\family sans
-Plain
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Text,
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Join
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Lines
-\family default
-, consecutive lines of text will be imported to one big paragraph.
- A new paragraph will begin when there is a blank line in the file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Export
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Export"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to various file formats.
- The resulting files are placed in the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
- file.
- The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
- They depend on the programs found by \SpecialChar LyX
- during its configuration.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a list of all available entries; some of them are explained in detail
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-CJK
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-LyX format of the special \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
- Since \SpecialChar LyX
- 1.5.0 CJK support has been fully integrated into \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-DocBook text file with code in the language SGML that is used for the markup
- language
-\family typewriter
-DocBook
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-DocBook
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XML) text file with code in the language XML that is used for the markup
- language
-\family typewriter
-DocBook
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-DraftDVI \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s native DVI-format.
- This format is not suitable if you have special characters or spaces in
- files paths or file names in your document.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- use this format internally as a pre-stage to export to
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-DVI DVI-format that also allows the useage of special characters or spaces
- in files paths or file names
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-DVI
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTeX) DVI-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
-; supports Unicode and the usage of non-\SpecialChar TeX
- fonts;
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- not all DVI-viewers are currently able to display this output format properly.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-EPS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(cropped) the same as
-\family sans
-PostScript
-\family default
- but with cropped page margins.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Graphviz
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Dot text file with code in the programming language
-\family typewriter
-Dot
-\family default
- which is used to draw visualizations of graphs via the program
-\family typewriter
-Graphviz
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-HTML HTML-format;
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- the exported file will be stored in a subdirectory.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-HTML
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(MS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to
-\family sans
-MS Word
-\family default
-; as a consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and
- not in the format
-\family sans
-MathML
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source that is compilable with the program
-
-\family typewriter
-Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source, additionally all images used in the
- document will be converted to a format that is readable by the
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
-\family default
- program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(plain) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source code, additionally all images used in
- the document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable
- by the
-\family typewriter
-latex
-\family default
- program
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XeTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source that is compilable with the program
-\family typewriter
-Xe\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LilyPond
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-book
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LaTeX) text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source and also code in the syntax of the music
- notation software
-\family typewriter
-LilyPond
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-z.y.x \SpecialChar LyX
--Document in a format readable by the \SpecialChar LyX
- versions z.y.x (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-"\SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.1.x";
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-z
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-y
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- represent the version number)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Archive
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(zip|tar.gz) creates a zip-archive or a tar.gz-archive file (depending upon
- your system) that contains your document and all files that are necessary
- to compile it (images, child documents, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- files, etc.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LyXHTML HTML-format using \SpecialChar LyX
-'s internal XHTML engine
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-NoWeb text file with code in the format of the literate programming language
-\family typewriter
- NoWeb
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted file, to be opened with
-\family sans
-LibreOffice, OpenOffice, KOffice, Abiword
-\family default
-, etc.
- (The OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and may not work in
- all cases)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(cropped) the same as
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- but with cropped page margins
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(dvipdfm) PDF-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
-, produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(lower
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-resolution) the same as
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- but with a reduced pixel resolution of 150
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-dpi (e.g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-useful for e-books to be read on tablet PCs or for large documents as intermedia
-te preview)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTeX) PDF-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
-, produces PDF-files directly
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex) PDF-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
-\family default
-, produces PDF-files directly
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ps2pdf) PDF-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-ps2pdf
-\family default
-, produces internally a PostScript-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XeTeX) PDF-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-Xe\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
-, produces PDF-files directly
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Plain
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text text format
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Plain
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ps2ascii) text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript
- format and then exported as text using the program
-\family sans
-ps2ascii
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Postscript PostScript format using the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Sweave text file with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- source and also code in the statistical programming
- language
-\family typewriter
-R
-\family default
-.
- Using the
-\family typewriter
-R
-\family default
--function
-\family typewriter
-Sweave
-\family default
- it is possible to use
-\family typewriter
-R
-\family default
--commands in \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If one of the menu entries
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Postscript
-\family default
- is missing, you need to update your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- installation.
- After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
-, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fax
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu entry will only appear if you have a fax program installed (on
- Windows you additionally need to register its program path to \SpecialChar LyX
-'s PATH prefix,
- see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paths"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- With this menu entry you can send your document to a fax program like
-\family typewriter
-hylapex
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-kdeprintfax
-\family default
-.
- The default format of the sent file is PostScript.
- The format can be changed in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s preferences as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Converters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-New and Close Window
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens or closes a new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Exit
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Prompts you to save all unsaved documents and then exits.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The Edit Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Edit
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Undo and Redo
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Select Whole Inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Selects the content of the inset in which the cursor currently is.
- If the cursor is outside an inset, the whole document will be selected.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Select All
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Selects the whole document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Find & Replace (Quick)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Find & Replace (Advanced)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Move Paragraph Up/Down
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This shifts the paragraph in which the cursor currently is one paragraph
- up or down.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Text Style
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Settings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Paragraph ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Enables you to set the paragraph alignment, line spacing and label width.
- These settings only affect the paragraph in which the cursor is currently
- in.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also prevent the first line of the paragraph being indented if you
- have chosen to separate paragraphs with
-\family sans
-Indentation
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Layout
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu only appears if the cursor is inside a table.
- It allows you to create multicolumn and multirow cells, add or remove borders
- of a cell and to set the vertical alignment of the cell.Table Settings and
- Math
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These two menus are only fully active if the cursor is inside a table or
- a formula.
- Here you can change the properties of tables and formulas.
- The properties of tables are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Tables"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, the properties of formulas in chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Increase/Decrease List Depth
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only active if the cursor is in an environment that can
- be nested.
- They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The View Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! View
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the bottom of the
-\family sans
-View
-\family default
- menu the opened documents are listed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Open/Close all Insets
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens/closes all insets in your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Unfold/Fold Math Macros
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unfolds/folds the current math macro.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Math macros are described in the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Outline Pane
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Shows the outline window as described in sections
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Navigating"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Source Pane
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Messages Pane
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a window showing console messages.
- This is useful for debugging \SpecialChar LyX
- (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-e., hunt for errors in the program) or to see what is going on in the background
- while \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is processing the document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Toolbars
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Toolbars"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Toolbar
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
- All toolbars and the
-\family sans
-Command
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Buffer
-\family default
- can be turned on and off.
- The
-\emph on
-on
-\emph default
- state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.
- The
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Math,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Macros,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Review
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panels
-\family default
- toolbars can additionally be set to the state
-\emph on
-automatic
-\emph default
-, denoted in the menu with the suffix
-\family sans
-(auto)
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\emph on
-on
-\emph default
- state the toolbar is permanently shown; in the
-\emph on
-automatic
-\emph default
- state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment
- or when a certain feature is enabled.
- That means that the review toolbar will only be shown if change tracking
- is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown if the cursor
- is inside a formula or table respectively.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
-'s toolbars and their buttons are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Toolbars"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Split View
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Split
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-View
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-into
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Left
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Half
-\family default
- will split \SpecialChar LyX
-'s main window vertically while
-\family sans
-Split
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-View
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-into
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Upper
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Lower
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Half
-\family default
- will split it horizontally.
- This allows you to view documents at the same time to compare them, or
- to view the same document, but at different positions.
- You can even split the main window several times to view, for example,
- three or more documents at the same time.
- To close a split view, use the menu
-\family sans
-Close
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Current
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-View
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Close Current View
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Closes a split view.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fullscreen
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Using this menu entry or pressing F11 removes the menu bar and all toolbars
- so that you will see nothing but your text.
- It furthermore displays \SpecialChar LyX
-'s main window fullscreen.
- To return from fullscreen to the normal view, press F11, or right-click
- and turn off the fullscreen mode in the context menu.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The Insert Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Insert
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Special Character
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Special-Character"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can insert the following characters:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Symbols Opens the
-\family sans
-Symbols
-\family default
- dialog which allows you to insert any character that can be output by your
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- system.
- By default groups of characters are displayed in character categories;
- the available characters depend on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages you have installed.
- You can get a complete display by checking
-\family sans
-Display
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-all
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Not all characters will be visible in the
-\family sans
-Symbols
-\family default
- dialog because none of the screen fonts that you can set in the preferences
- dialog (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) can display every character.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar ldots
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-End
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Sentence Inserts an end of sentence period as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Abbreviations"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Ordinary
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Quote Inserts this quote: ", no matter what quote style you selected in
- the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language
-\family default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Single
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Quote Inserts a single quote in the quotation marks style selected in the
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Description
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Hyphen Inserts a hyphen that is protected from line breaks: \SpecialChar nobreakdash
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Breakable
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
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-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Visible
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts a character representing a single space (the one you get when
- pressing the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key):
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Menu
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Phonetic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Symbols
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Phonetic symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Language ! Phonetic symbols
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Inserts a box where you can insert symbols from the International Phonetic
- Alphabet (IPA) and opens a toolbar which provides a large set of these
- symbols.
- To use this feature you must have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-tipa
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- installed.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-More information about this feature can be found in the
-\emph on
-Linguistics
-\emph default
- manual (
-\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Specific Manuals
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Formatting
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a submenu with the following options:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Superscript Inserts a superscript: test
-\begin_inset script superscript
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-a, b
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Subscript Inserts a subscript: test
-\begin_inset script subscript
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-3x
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts a protected space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Inter-word
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts an inter-word space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Inter-word-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts a thin space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Thin-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Visible
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts a character to visualize that there is or should be a space.
- This is e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-useful if you need to indicate a space in a command sequence.
- An example from the \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-To insert a fraction use the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-frac
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-A
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
-\end_inset
-
-B.
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- The visible space is hereby the character before the
-\series bold
-A
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Horizontal
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts horizontal space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Horizontal
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line Inserts a horizontal line as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Lines"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Vertical
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space Inserts vertical space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Vertical-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Phantom Inserts a Phantom space as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Hyphenation
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Point Inserts a hyphenation point as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Ligature
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break Inserts a ligature break as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Ligatures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Ragged
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break Inserts a forced line break as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Justified
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break Inserts a forced line break that right justifies the remaining text
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Forced-Line-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-New
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page Inserts a forced page break as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break Inserts a forced page break that shares the extra space among paragraph
- breaks instead of leaving it at the bottom of the page, as described in
- section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Forced-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page Inserts a clear page break as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Double
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Page Inserts a clear doublepage break as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Clear-Page-Breaks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List/TOC
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Various lists can be inserted with this menu entry.
- The
-\family sans
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of Contents
-\family default
-, the
-\family sans
-List of Algorithms
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-List of Figures,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-List of Tables
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-List of Listings
-\family default
- are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:toc"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The
-\family sans
-Index List
-\family default
- is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Index"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, the
-\family sans
-Nomenclature
-\family default
- is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nomenclature"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and the
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- Bibliography
-\family default
- is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Float
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert floats, as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and in detail the chapter
-\emph on
-Floats
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Note
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert notes, described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Branch
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a branch inset, if any, and allowing you to create and insert a
- new branch.
- Branches are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Branches"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Custom Insets
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts document class-specific insets.
- Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
- document class.
- An example is the document class
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-article (Elsevier)
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- with three custom insets.
- The section
-\emph on
-Flex insets and InsetLayout
-\emph default
- in
-\emph on
-Installing New Document Classes, The Layout file format
-\emph default
-of the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual explains how custom insets are defined.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-File
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-External Material
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu entry allows you to insert or include the contents of other files
- in your document.
- For more information see chapter
-\emph on
-External Document Parts
-\emph default
- of the Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Box
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Boxes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a box in a certain style.
- Boxes are described in detail in the chapter
-\emph on
-Boxes
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens the
-\family sans
-Citation
-\family default
- dialog as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cross-Reference
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a
-\family sans
-cross-reference
-\family default
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Label
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a
-\family sans
-label
-\family default
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Captions
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Longtables ! Caption
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a caption in a float or longtable.
- Floats are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-; captions in longtables are described in the section
-\emph on
-Longtable Captions
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Entry
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts an index entry as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Index"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nomenclature Entry
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nomenclature"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a dialog allowing you to specify the rows and columns of the table.
- Tables are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Tables"
-
-\end_inset
-
- and in detail in the chapter
-\emph on
-Tables
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Graphics
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens the
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- dialog.
- Graphics are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Graphics"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-URL
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a URL as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:URLs"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyperlinks
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a hyperlink as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Hyperlinks"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Footnote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a footnote as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Footnotes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Marginal Note
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a marginal note as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Short Title
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Is only visible if the cursor is in front, in or behind a section heading,
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- Inserts a short title as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar TeX
- Code
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a \SpecialChar TeX
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:TeX-Code-Boxes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Program listings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a program listings box.
- Program listings are explained in the chapter
-\emph on
-Program Code Listings
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Date
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts the actual date.
- The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
- \SpecialChar LyX
-'s menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a preview inset as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
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-\begin_inset Index idx
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Navigate
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu lists the existing chapters, sections, figures, tables, etc.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of the current document.
- This allows you to navigate easily through your document.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bookmarks
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With this menu entry you are able to define your own bookmarks.
- This is useful when you are working on a large document and often have
- to jump, for example, between section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.5 and 6.3.
- To create bookmarks for this example, go to section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
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-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bookmark
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1
-\family default
-.
- Then go to section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-6.3 and use
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bookmark
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
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-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-.You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
- The submenu
-\family sans
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bookmarks
-\family default
- allows you to clear bookmarks while the submenu
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Back
-\family default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Next Note, Change, Cross-reference
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference after the current cursor
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Go to Label
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Only active if the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.
- Sets the cursor before the referenced label.
- (It is the same as if you right-click on a cross-reference box and use
-
-\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Label)
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forward Search
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Allows you to jump directly to the corresponding text part in the output,
- see section
-\emph on
-The \SpecialChar LyX
- Server\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Forward
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-search
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Additional
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Features
-\emph default
- manual for a detailed description.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The Document Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Document
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Change Tracking
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Change Tracking is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-LaTeX Log
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-After running \SpecialChar LaTeX
- by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be enabled.
- It shows the logfile of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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- You can go to the next error or the next warning, search, copy something
- to the clipboard or update the view.
- With the help of the logfile experts can find in it reasons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sets the start of the appendices of the document at the current cursor position
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Appendices"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-View
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-[<output format>]
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu entry generates the output in the format you have specified as
- default output format for the document (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
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-
-\end_inset
-
-) or in the \SpecialChar LyX
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-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) and opens it in an appropriate viewer.
- The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Viewer
-\family default
-; see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
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- The default output format is
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With this menu you can view your document in alternative output formats.
- The menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the
- actual document with an external program.
- The menu entries are not the same on all installations — it depends on
- the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- programs that are found when \SpecialChar LyX
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- All possible formats are listed in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Export"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- You should at least see the menu entry
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
-.
- If it is missing, you need to update or repair your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- installation.
- After updating you have to reconfigure \SpecialChar LyX
- (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Invoking a view menu will start a viewer program.
- The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences (menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Viewer
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The default viewers are set by \SpecialChar LyX
- when it is first configured.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Update
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-[<output format>]
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu entry allows you to update the view with your latest changes (in
- the default output format) without opening a new viewer window.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Update (Other Formats)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With this menu you can update the view of alternative output formats of
- your document without opening a new viewer window.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-View Master Document
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
- which is then its
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-master
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (see section
-\emph on
-Child Documents
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual for more information on this topic).
- This item allows you to view the master document from within its child.
- That is, if you are working on a child document which is a chapter of a
- book,
-\family sans
-View
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Master
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Document
-\family default
- generates the output of the whole book, while
-\family sans
-View
-\family default
- will just output the chapter alone.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
- in the document settings (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) or in the preferences (menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Update Master Document
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu item is only visible if your document is included to another document,
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-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-master
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (see section
-\emph on
-Child Documents
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual for more information on this topic).
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
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-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) or in the preferences (menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formats\SpecialChar menuseparator
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format
-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-LatexCommand label
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
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- For documents under version control it is strongly recommended to disable
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-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The document settings are described in appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The Tools Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Tools
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Spellchecker
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Spell checking is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Spellchecking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The thesaurus is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Thesaurus"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Statistics
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-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Word count
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Character count
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Subsection
-Check TeX
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Chk\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generates with the help of the program
-\family typewriter
-Chk\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
- a log of possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
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- This feature is not available on Windows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX Information
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar TeX
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-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Shows you a list of the document classes and styles installed in your \SpecialChar LaTeX
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- Use the option
-\family sans
-Show
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-path
-\family default
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Compare
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
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-\end_layout
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens a dialog to compare \SpecialChar LyX
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Comparison-of-Documents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Reconfigure
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Reconfigure|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Reconfiguration of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Reconfigures \SpecialChar LyX
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- looks for \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages and programs it needs; see
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Preferences
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Opens the
-\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog as described in detail in appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-The Help Menu
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Menu ! Help
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu lists the documentation files of \SpecialChar LyX
- in the language of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s menus.
- If a file is not available in this language, the English version will be
- listed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Configuration
-\family default
- shows a \SpecialChar LyX
- document with information about the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages and classes found
- by \SpecialChar LyX
- (see also section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-About
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-LyX
-\family default
- gives information about the copyright, the credits and the \SpecialChar LyX
- version you
- are using.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Toolbars
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Toolbars"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Toolbars"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is also possible to define custom toolbars.
- This is described in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Standard Toolbar
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Toolbar ! Standard
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
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-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
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-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-This is necessary to left align the following longtables.
- See the
-\emph on
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-\emph default
- manual for more information.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
- clip
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-pull-down box for the environments
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace -10mm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align left
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-new"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-New
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "file-open"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Open
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-write"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Save
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show print"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Print
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show spellchecker"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Spellchecker
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "undo"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Undo
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "redo"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Redo
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "cut"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cut
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "copy"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Copy
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "paste"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paste
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show findreplace"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Find
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Replace
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-(Quick)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Find
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Replace
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-(Advanced)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Navigate Back
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Emphasize text, function of the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Customized
-\family default
- dialog
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Set text to noun style, function of the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Customized
-\family default
- dialog
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "textstyle-apply"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Format text using the current settings in the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Customized
-\family default
- dialog
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-mode"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Inline
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formula
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
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-arg "tabular-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
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-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Toggle outline window on/off,
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Outline
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-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
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-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Toggle math toolbar on/off
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Toggle table toolbar on/off
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Extra Toolbar
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Toolbar ! Extra
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
- width 100col%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
- buttons:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
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-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Default
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Numbered list
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout Itemize"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Itemized list
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-List
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-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
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-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Description list
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-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Increase
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Depth
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Decrease
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Depth
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Figure
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "float-insert table"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
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-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
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-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Citation
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "index-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Index
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Entry
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_layout Section
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- If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
- than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- file.
- If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
- exactly one encoding.
- Checking this option is the preferred setting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
- lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
- If you want to use this (and your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- installation supports Unicode), choose
- one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.
- Unfortunately the Unicode support of standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
- is quite incomplete, so
- it is not uncommon that a file with lots of Unicode symbols works fine
- with
-\family sans
-Language Default
-\family default
- (when \SpecialChar LyX
- uses its list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands), but does not work with a fixed
- utf8 encoding (when the list of known \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands is not used, because all
- Unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).
- The situation is much better with Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- and Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-, two new alternative engines
- to standard \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- Both engines support Unicode natively.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- now also supports these two engines (via the output formats
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XeTeX)
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTeX)
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-DVI
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTeX)
-\family default
-, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- So if you are using many special or accented characters and
-\family sans
-Language Default
-\family default
- fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Language
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-package
-\family default
- determines the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package that is used for hyphenation and the translation
- of strings like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Part
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The possible settings are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Default uses the language package that is selected in
-\family sans
- Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language Settings
-\family default
- (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Prefs-Language"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Automatic selects the most suitable language package for the view/export
- format you will use.
- In many cases this will be
-\series bold
-babel
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If the newer package
-\series bold
-polyglossia
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is more appropriate (is the case when using Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
- and non-\SpecialChar TeX
- fonts),
- this package will be used instead of
-\series bold
-babel
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Always
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Babel uses
-\series bold
-babel
-\series default
- even if
-\series bold
-polyglossia
-\series default
- would be more appropriate.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Custom allows you to specify a language package command of your choice.
- For example if you want to use a language-specific package like
-\series bold
-ngerman
-\series default
- (for German texts), type in
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{ngerman}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-None will not use a language package.
- This is necessary for some document classes for scientific articles.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a list with the important encodings:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Language
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(no
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-inputenc) Same as
-\family sans
-Language Default
-\family default
-, but the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-inputenc
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is not used.
- When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
- in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
- languages in \SpecialChar TeX
- code.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-ASCII the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English (7-bit ASCII).
- \SpecialChar LyX
- converts all other characters into \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands, which may result in a big
- file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands are needed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Arabic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1256) MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Arabic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-6) for Arabic and Farsi
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Armenian
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ArmSCII8) for Armenian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Baltic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1257) MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, the same
- as the ISO-8859-13 encoding
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Baltic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-13) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a superset of the ISO-8859-4
- encoding
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Baltic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-4) (latin 4) for Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian, a subset of the
- ISO-8859-13 encoding
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Central
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1250) MS Windows code page for ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-2 (latin2)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Central
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-2) (latin 2) covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish,
- Romanian, Slovak and Slovenian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Chinese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(simplified)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(EUC-CN) for simplified Chinese, used especially on UNIX OSes, since 2001
- this encoding is officially replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030
- is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
- you should try to use the encoding Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Chinese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(simplified)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(GBK) for simplified Chinese, is the same as the Windows code page CP 936
- except for the Euro currency sign, since 2001 this encoding is officially
- replaced by the encoding GB18030, as GB18030 is not available for \SpecialChar LaTeX
- you
- should try to use the encoding Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Chinese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(traditional)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(EUC-TW) for traditional Chinese
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Cyrillic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1251) MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Cyrillic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-5) covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Cyrillic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(KOI8-R) standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Cyrillic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(KOI8-U) Cyrillic for Ukrainian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Cyrillic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pt
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-154) Cyrillic for Kazakh
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Greek
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-7) for Greek
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Hebrew
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1255) MS Windows code page for Hebrew, a superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Hebrew
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-8) for Hebrew
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, when using this, set the document language to
-\family sans
-Japanese (CJK)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-, when using this, set the document language to
-\family sans
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(non-CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(EUC-JP) EUC-JP encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-japanese
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, when using this, set the document language to
-\family sans
-Japanese
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(non-CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(JIS) JIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-japanese
-\series default
-, when using this, set the document language to
-\family sans
-Japanese
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Japanese
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(non-CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(SJIS) SJIS encoding for Japanese, uses the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-japanese
-\series default
-, when using this, set the document language to
-\family sans
-Japanese
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Korean
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(EUC-KR) for Korean
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Southern
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-3) (latin 3) covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese and Turkish
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-South-Eastern
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-16) (latin 10) covers Albanian, Croatian, Finnish, French, German,
- Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Polish, Romanian and Slovenian, is designed
- to cover many languages and characters with diacritics
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Thai
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(TIS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-620-0) for Thai
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Turkish
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-9) (latin 5) for Turkish, is like the ISO-8859-1 encoding where the
- Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CJK)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8) Unicode utf8 with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(XeTeX)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8) Unicode utf8 to be used with
-\family sans
-Xe\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\family default
-, which use Unicode directly, without the help of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-inputenc
-\series default
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically selects this encoding if you export or preview Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ucs-extended)
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8x) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-ucs
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! ucs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Unicode
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(utf8) Unicode utf8 based on the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-inputenc
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
- is supported.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Western
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(CP
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1252) MS Windows code page for ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-1 (latin1)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Western
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-1) (latin 1) covers the languages Albanian, Catalan, Danish, Dutch,
- English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish,
- Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish; better use the ISO-8859-15
- encoding instead
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Western
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(ISO
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-8859-15) (latin 9) like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with the Euro currency
- sign, the œ-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Colors
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! main text
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! background
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! Shaded boxes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! Greyed-out notes
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can alter the font color for the
-\family sans
-Main text
-\family default
- (default: black), for
-\family sans
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-out notes
-\family default
- (default: light grey)for the background color for the
-\family sans
-Page
-\family default
- (default: white) and for
-\family sans
-Shaded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-boxes
-\family default
- (default: red).
- The button
-\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
- sets the color back to the default.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clicking any button showing
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Change
-\family default
- opens a dialog enabling you to choose from a selection of colors or from
- a color-picker or to specify a color using HSL or RGB values.
- In the dialog you can add any color to the custom colors to select them
- later more quickly.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note, if you change the
-\family sans
-Main
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\family default
- font color and use the option
-\family sans
-Color
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-links
-\family default
- in the document settings under
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-properties
-\family default
-, you probably also need to change the link font color as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can adapt the
-\family sans
-Main
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\family default
- font color and the
-\family sans
-Page
-\family default
- background for every page in your document if you use these commands as
- \SpecialChar TeX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Code after a forced page break:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the page color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-pagecolor{color name}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the text color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-color{color name}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You are restricted to one of
-\series bold
-black
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-blue
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-cyan
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-green
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-magenta
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-red
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-white
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-yellow
-\series default
- for the
-\series bold
-color name
-\series default
- unless you have defined your own color (see the section
-\emph on
-Colored Tables
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- Manual).
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-If you have changed a text or background color, you can use the following
- names to refer to them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the
-\family sans
-Page
-\family default
- background color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-page_backgroundcolor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the
-\family sans
-Main
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\family default
- color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-document_fontcolor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the
-\family sans
-Shaded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-boxes
-\family default
- background color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-shadecolor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-For the
-\family sans
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-out notes
-\family default
- text color:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-note_fontcolor
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To see how to define and use custom colors, see section
-\emph on
-Colored
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Cells
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Numbering & TOC
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can adjust the
-\family sans
-Numbering
-\family default
- depth of section headings and the section depth in the
-\family sans
-Table of Contents
-\family default
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Bibliography
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if a citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages
-\series bold
-natbib
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! natbib
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- or
-\series bold
-jurabib
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! jurabib
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- should be used.
- You can enable a
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package
-\series bold
-bibtopic
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! bibtopic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and you can select a
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- for the generation of the bibliography.
- For a further description see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Indexes
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can define the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- that will generate your index and you can define additional indexes (see
- section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Index"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for details).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-PDF Properties
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The PDF properties are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:PDF-Properties"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Math Options
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These options will force \SpecialChar LyX
- to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages
-\series bold
-amsmath
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amsmath
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-amssymb
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amssymb
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
- cancel
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! cancel
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
- esint
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! esint
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-mathdots
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathdots
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-mathtools
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathtools
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-mhchem
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mhchem
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-stackrel
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stackrel
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\series bold
-stmaryrd
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stmaryrd
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\series bold
-undertilde
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! undertilde
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, or to use them automatically when they are needed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-amsmath is needed for many constructs, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors in formulas,
- ensure that you have this enabled.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-amssymb is needed for some special math symbols like bold or upright Greek
- letters, so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors in formulas, ensure that you have this
- enabled.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-cancel is used for canceled formulas, see section
-\emph on
-Canceled
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Formulas
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-esint is used for special integral characters, see section
-\emph on
-Big
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Operators
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-mathdots is used for special ellipses, see section
-\emph on
-Ellipses
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-mathtools is used for the math commands
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-overbracket
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-underbracket
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-smashoperator
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-adjustlimits
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-splitfrac
-\series default
-,
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-shortintertext
-\series default
- and labeled arrows, see the corresponding sections in the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-mhchem is used for chemical equations, see section
-\emph on
-Chemical Symbols and Equations
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-stackrel is used for the math command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-stackrel
-\series default
-, see section
-\emph on
-Relations
-\emph default
-of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-stmaryrd is used for a few special math symbols.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-undertilde is used for the math command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-utilde
-\series default
-, see section
-\emph on
-Accents for one Character
-\emph default
-of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Float Placement
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The float placement options are described in the section
-\emph on
-Float
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Placement
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Listings
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The listings settings are explained in the chapter
-\emph on
-Program Code Listings
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Bullets
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can adjust the characters used for the itemize
-\family sans
-Level
-\family default
-s, specify the
-\family sans
-Font
-\family default
- set to be used and set the
-\family sans
-Size
-\family default
- of the bullets.
- The itemize environment is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Itemize"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can furthermore specify a
-\family sans
-Custom
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bullet
-\family default
- by inserting in this field the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- command of the desired character.
- For example to use the € sign, you have to insert the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-texteuro
-\series default
-.
- For math symbols you additionally need to enclose the command with $ signs.
- To use e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the symbol
-\begin_inset Formula $\circlearrowright$
-\end_inset
-
- you need to enter
-\series bold
-$
-\backslash
-circlearrowright$
-\series default
-.
- To find the command for a math symbol, create a formula and hover the mouse
- over the desired symbol in the math toolbar.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Some characters require to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages in the preamble (menu
-
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Preamble
-\family default
-).
- For example for the € sign one needs to add the line
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{textcomp}
-\series default
- to the preamble.
- For most math symbols it is sufficient to add the line
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{amssymb}
-\series default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Branches
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Branches are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Branches"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Output
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Doc-Output"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can define some output specifics for the current document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Format: The format that is used when you enter
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-View
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Update
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-View Master Document
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Update Master Document
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in the
-\family sans
-Document
-\family default
- menu or the toolbar.
- The default is set in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Handling\SpecialChar menuseparator
-File Formats
-\family default
-, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Synchronize
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-with
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output settings for the menu
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Forward
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-search
-\family default
-.
- For a detailed description see section
-\emph on
-Reverse DVI/PDF search
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-XHTML
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Options offers settings for the export format
-\family sans
-LyXHTML
-\family default
-.
-
-\family sans
-Strict XHTML
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1.1
-\family default
- will assure that the output follows exactly version
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-1.1 of the XHTML standard.
- The different
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-output
-\family default
- settings are described in detail in section
-\emph on
-Math Output in XHTML
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-image
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-scaling
-\family default
- is used for the size of equations in the output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-LaTeX Preamble
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In this text field you can enter commands to load special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages or to
- define \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- The preamble is a thing for \SpecialChar LaTeX
--experts.
- You should not enter commands here until you know exactly what you are
- doing.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-An introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:LaTeX-Syntax"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
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-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Preferences
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The preferences dialog is called with the menu
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences
-\family default
-.
- It has the following submenus.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Look and Feel
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-User Interface
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-User Interface File
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Customization ! of toolbars
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Customization ! of menus
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing a user
- interface (ui) file.
- A ui-file is a text file where the toolbars and menus are listed.
- The file
-\emph on
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-\emph default
- loads three files:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-stdmenus.inc
-\shape italic
-
-\emph on
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-stdcontext.inc
-\shape italic
-\emph on
-specifies
-\shape default
-\emph default
- the menu entries in popup context menus
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-stdtoolbars.inc
-\shape italic
-
-\emph on
-specifies the toolbar buttons
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these files
- and edit the entries.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: the
-\family sans
-Menubar
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Menu
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Toolbar
-\family default
- entries must be finished with an explicit
-\family sans
-End
-\family default
-.
- They may contain
-\family sans
-Submenu
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Item
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-OptItem
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Separator
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Icon,
-\family default
- and in the case of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-file_lastfiles
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- menu a
-\family sans
-Lastfiles
-\family default
- entry.
- The syntax for the entries is:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-Item
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-menu
-\series default
-or
-\series bold
- button name
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar LyX
- function
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
-\end_inset
-
-All the \SpecialChar LyX
--functions are listed in the menu
-\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Functions
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For example, assuming you use the menu
-\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bookmarks
-\family default
- quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the
- line
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-Item
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Save Bookmark 6
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-bookmark-save 6
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
-\end_inset
-
-to the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-navigate_bookmarks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- menu in
-\emph on
-stdmenus.inc
-\emph default
- to have the sixth bookmark.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Icon
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Set
-\family default
- allows you to change the appearance of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s toolbar buttons.
- The currently available icon sets are compared in
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "this image"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Context help
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Enable tool tips in main work area
-\family default
- enables tool tips showing the content of closed insets like index entries
- or footnotes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Menus
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Maximum last files
-\family default
- is the number of last opened files that \SpecialChar LyX
- should display in the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Open
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Recent
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Handling
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Session handling
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Restore window layouts and geometries
-\family default
- \SpecialChar LyX
-'s main window will be opened with the size and layout that was used in
- the last \SpecialChar LyX
- session.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Restore cursor positions
-\family default
- sets the cursor to the position in the file where it was at the end of
- the last session.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Load opened files from last session
-\family default
- opens all files that were opened in the last \SpecialChar LyX
- session.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The button
-\family sans
-Clear all session information
-\family default
- deletes all information from previous \SpecialChar LyX
- sessions (cursor positions, names
- of last opened documents, etc.).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Backup & saving
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Backup documents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Backup ! Documents
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Backup original documents when saving
-\family default
- creates a backup copy of the file in the state when it was opened or when
- it was saved the last time.
- It is stored in the
-\family sans
-Backup
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-directory
-\family default
- (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paths"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) or in the same folder as your document if no
-\family sans
-Backup
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-directory
-\family default
- is specified.
- The backup file has the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-.lyx~
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Backup documents, every
-\family default
-, you can specify the time between backup saves.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Save documents compressed by default
-\family default
- always saves files in a compressed format (see also section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Compressed"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- This applies to newly created documents only.
- The compression status of existing documents is not changed when saving.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Windows & work area
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the option
-\family sans
-Open documents in tabs
-\family default
- is not checked, every file will be opened in its own new instance of \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Single instance
-\family default
- is only active if a \SpecialChar LyX
-Server pipe
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-See sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paths"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for information about \SpecialChar LyX
-Server pipes.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is specified.
- If it is checked, \SpecialChar LyX
- documents will be opened in the same running instance
- of \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- Otherwise a new \SpecialChar LyX
- instance is created for each file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the option
-\family sans
-Single close-tab button
-\family default
- is checked, there will only be one close button (
-\family sans
-
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../../images/closetab.svgz
- scale 75
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family default
-) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
- Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- For this option you have to restart \SpecialChar LyX
- before the change takes effect.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the setting
-\family sans
-Closing last view
-\family default
- you one can decide if a document is closed or hidden when its tab or view
- is closed.
- Hidden documents are accessible via the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hidden
-\family default
-.
- Not to close documents can be useful if you open files parallel in several
- instances of \SpecialChar LyX
- and only want to close the view in once instance.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Screen Fonts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Font ! Screen
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Screen-Fonts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These fonts are used to display your documents within \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- This section only deals with the fonts
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- the \SpecialChar LyX
- window.
- The fonts that appear in the output are independent of these fonts, and
- set in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses
-\family typewriter
-Times
-\family default
- as its
-\family sans
-Roman
-\family default
- (serif) font,
-\family typewriter
-Arial
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-Helvetica
-\family default
- (depends on the system) as its
-\family sans
-Sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Serif
-\family default
- font and
-\family typewriter
-Courier
-\family default
- as its
-\family typewriter
-Typewriter
-\family default
- font.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the font size with the
-\family sans
-Zoom
-\family default
- setting.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Font Sizes
-\family default
- are calculated as letter height in units of points.
- 72.27
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-points have the size of 1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-inch, see Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The default font sizes are the same as if a document font size of 10
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt were used.
- The sizes are explained in detail in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
-\family default
- enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
- needs to redraw the screen less often.
- This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
- On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
- So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
- aesthetics.
- Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-OS and Windows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Colors
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Color ! \SpecialChar LyX
- screen
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Color
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can change the screen colors used by \SpecialChar LyX
- by choosing an item in the
- list and selecting the
-\family sans
-Alter
-\family default
- button.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-By checking the option
-\family sans
-Use system colors
-\family default
- the color scheme of your OS or window manager is used.
- The colors
-\family sans
-cursor, selection, table line, text, URL
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-label and URL
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-text
-\family default
- are then not customizable and thus not listed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Display
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Display
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if graphics are displayed inside \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Instant Preview
-\family default
- enables previewing snippets of your document.
- This feature is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Checking the option
-\family sans
-Mark
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-end
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-paragraphs
-\family default
- displays a pilcrow (¶) at the end of every paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Editing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Editing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Control
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Editing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Cursor follows scrollbar
-\family default
- sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when
- scrolling.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can adjust the width of the cursor.
- If you set the value to zero, the thickness of the cursor scales relative
- to the zoom value you choose for the screen fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Scroll below end of document
-\family default
- is self-explanatory.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In \SpecialChar LyX
- one can jump from word to word by pressing
-\family sans
-Ctrl+arrow key
-\family default
-.
- With the option
-\family sans
- Use Mac-style for cursor moving between words
-\family default
- the cursor jumps from the end of a word to the end of the next word.
- Normally it jumps from the beginning to the beginning.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Sort environments alphabetically
-\family default
- sorts the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The option
-\family sans
-Group environments by their category
-\family default
- groups the entries in the pull-down box for the paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Edit math macros
-\family default
- options determine the editing style for math macros, see the section
-\emph on
-Math Macros
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Fullscreen
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify what is hidden in the fullscreen mode.
- With the option
-\family sans
-Limit text width
-\family default
- you can specify the width of the text in fullscreen mode.
- This way you can display the text smaller than the screen; the text then
- appears centered.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Shortcuts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Key Bindings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Shortcuts
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Bind File
-\family default
- specifies the file to be used to bind a \SpecialChar LyX
- function to a key.
- Several binding files are available, among them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-cua.bind a typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-(x)emacs.bind a set of bindings similar to those used in the editor programs
-
-\family sans
-Emacs
-\family default
- (
-\family sans
-XEmacs
-\family default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-mac.bind a set of bindings for
-\family sans
-Mac
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-OS
-\family default
- systems.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also binding files designed for special document classes, like
-
-\shape italic
-broadway.bind
-\shape default
-, and binding files for special languages.
- The names of language binding files begin with a language code, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-pt
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- for Portuguese.
- If you use \SpecialChar LyX
- in a certain language, \SpecialChar LyX
- will try to use the appropriate binding
- file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some binding files, like
-\shape italic
-math.bind
-\shape default
-, only have a limited scope.
- When looking at the end of the file
-\shape italic
-cua.bind
-\shape default
-, you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The field
-\family sans
-Show
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-key-bindings
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-containing
-\family default
- allows you to search for the shortcut provided for a particular function
- in the selected key binding file.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Editing Shortcuts
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Key Bindings ! Editing
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
- the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
- functions and the bound shortcuts.
- To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
- provides the field
-\family sans
-Show key-bindings containing
-\family default
-.
- In this field you can insert a keyword for a function you want to edit.
- Insert there for example as keyword
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-paste
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and you get the four different existing shortcuts for the three different
- functions that contain
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-paste
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in their name.
- As you can see, one function can have more than one shortcut.
- All \SpecialChar LyX
- functions are also listed in the file
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- Functions
-\family default
- that you will find in the
-\family sans
-Help
-\family default
- menu.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For example, to add the shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt+Q
-\family default
- for the function
-\family sans
-textstyle-apply
-\family default
-, select the function and press the
-\family sans
-Modify
-\family default
- button.
- A dialog pops up where you can add the shortcut by using it.
- So press Alt+Q to define the shortcut.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Modifying an existing shortcut is done the same way.
- You can also bind multiple functions to one shortcut by starting the \SpecialChar LyX
- Function
- definition with “command alternatives” and following it with the different
- function names as a semicolon separated list.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will then use the first function that is enabled in the current document
- part.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like a particular shortcut, you can remove it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Alternatively you can also edit shortcuts by modifying binding files with
- a text editor.
- The syntax of the entries is:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-bind
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-key combination
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar LyX
- function
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Keyboard/Mouse
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Keyboard-Map"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Keyboard Map
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Keyboard Map
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally keyboard settings are made in a menu of your operating system.
- For the case thatWhere this is not possible, \SpecialChar LyX
- provides keyboard maps.
- If, for example, you have a Czech keyboard but want to use it as if it
- is a Romanian one, you can enable
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-keyboard
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-map
-\family default
- and select the keyboard map file named
-\shape italic
-romanian.kmap
-\shape default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can specify a
-\family sans
-First
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-Second
-\family default
- keyboard map and, if you use the
-\emph on
-cua
-\emph default
- bindings, you can select the first and second with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "keymap-primary"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "keymap-secondary"
-\end_inset
-
- respectively or toggle between them with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "keymap-toggle"
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Keyboard maps can only provide a makeshift solution and don't work on all
- systems.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also specify the mouse
-\family sans
-Wheel scrolling speed
-\family default
-.
- The standard value is 1.0; higher values speed up the scrolling, lower ones
- slow it down.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you
-\family sans
-Enable
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Scroll
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-wheel
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-zoom,
-\family default
- you can select a key for zooming.
- When this key is pressed and the mouse wheel is rotated, the text is zoomed.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Input Completion
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Input completion is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Input-Completion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Paths
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Paths"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Paths
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Paths
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The paths to the various resources used by \SpecialChar LyX
- are normally determined during
- the installation.
- But there may be reasons why you might want to modify them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Working
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-directory This is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s working directory.
- It is the default when you
-\family sans
-Open
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Save
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Save
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-As
-\family default
- files.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Document
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-New
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-from
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Template
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Example
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-files This directory will be opened when you use the button
-\family sans
-Examples
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Open
-\family default
- dialog.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- The
-\family sans
-Examples
-\family default
- button does not exist when using \SpecialChar LyX
- on Mac OS and Windows systems.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Backup
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-directory
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Backup ! Directory
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Backup copies will be saved to this directory.
- If no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Backup documents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, the
-\family sans
-Working directory
-\family default
- will be used to save the backups.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Backup files have the ending
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-.lyx~
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LyXServer
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-pipe Here you can enter the name of a so-called UNIX-pipe.
- This pipe is used to send data from external programs to \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-Example:
-\series default
- You add a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
-\emph on
-test.bib
-\emph default
- to your document.
- You can edit this file with the program
-\family typewriter
-JabRef
-\family default
-.
- In
-\family typewriter
-JabRef
-\family default
- you have to use the same Unix-Pipe for \SpecialChar LyX
- in its preferences under
-\family sans
-External
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-programs
-\family default
-.
- If you want to get one entry of the database as citation, select it in
-
-\family typewriter
-JabRef
-\family default
- and click on the \SpecialChar LyX
- symbol.
- The entry will now be inserted as a citation at the current cursor position
- in your \SpecialChar LyX
- file.
- Of course,
-\family typewriter
-JabRef
-\family default
- and \SpecialChar LyX
- need to be running the same time.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The pipe is also used for the
-\family sans
-Single instance
-\family default
- feature, see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Backup documents"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-To use the \SpecialChar LyX
-Server-Pipe on Windows, you must use this pipe name:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-
-\backslash
-.
-\backslash
-pipe
-\backslash
-lyxpipe
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Temporary
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Thesaurus
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dictionary Directory where the thesaurus dictionaries are located.
- You only need to specify it if the thesaurus does not work or if you want
- to use custom/alternative dictionaries.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Hunspell
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-dictionary Directory where the dictionaries of the spell checker program
-
-\family typewriter
-Hunspell
-\family default
- are located.
- You only need to specify it if you are using
-\family typewriter
-Hunspell
-\family default
- and spell checking does not work or if you want to use custom/alternative
- dictionaries.
- For \SpecialChar LyX
- on Windows
-\family typewriter
-Hunspell
-\family default
- is the only available spell checker and should work without specifying
- a directory.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PATH
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.
- When \SpecialChar LyX
- needs to use an external program, it looks in this list to see where
- to find it on the system.
- The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems when \SpecialChar LyX
-
- is configured; so you normally don't have to modify it.
- On Unix
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-/
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external
- programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-TEXINPUTS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-prefix The TEXINPUTS environment variable allows you to use external files
- which are included in a \SpecialChar LyX
- document via commands in \SpecialChar TeX
- code or in the document
- preamble.
- This prefix includes by default the document directory (represented by
- a single dot '.').
- The prefix can contain any list of paths separated by the default separator
- of the OS (':' on UNIX like systems and ';' on Windows).
- If files are included, the paths listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix will be
- scanned for the input files.
- Note that any non-absolute path listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix is considered
- to be relative to the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
- file.
- It is recommended that you always include ‘.' as one of the paths; otherwise
- compilation may fail for some documents.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Identity
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can insert your
-\family sans
-Name
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-E-mail
-\family default
- address.
- These will be used when you have enabled change tracking, as described
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, to mark changes you make as yours.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Language Settings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Language ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-Settings ! Language
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Language
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Prefs-Language"
-
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\end_layout
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-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Description
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-\family sans
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-\family default
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-\family sans
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-\family default
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-\family sans
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-\family default
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_layout Description
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-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-
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-\begin_layout Description
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset space ~
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-in
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
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-Paths
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-Converters
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-
-\end_layout
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-\family sans
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-File formats
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-\begin_inset Index idx
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-\lang english
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-
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-
-\end_layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-\family sans
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-\family default
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-\family sans
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-Units
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-
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-
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-
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-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\lang english
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
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-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "nomencl"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
- of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-nomencl
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "prettyref"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
- of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "refstyle"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
- of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Arabic"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Arabic:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Armenian:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Cyrillic"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Cyrillic languages:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Farsi"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Farsi:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Hebrew"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Hebrew:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Japanese"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Japanese:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Latvian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Latvian:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Lithuanian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Lithuanian:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mongolian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Mongolian:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Vietnamese"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Vietnamese:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "NewInLyX20"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
-
-\end_inset
-
- about new features in
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- 2.0
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-mybibname
-\backslash
-bibname
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-bibname}{
-\backslash
-mybibname
-\backslash
-; 2}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang english
-The command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-bibname
-\series default
- is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.
- It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following
- bibliography is the second one:
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
-LatexCommand bibtex
-bibfiles "../biblio/LyXDocs"
-options "../biblio/alphadin"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The above bibliography is created from a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
-LatexCommand printnomenclature
-set_width "auto"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
-LatexCommand printindex
-type "idx"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_body
-\end_document
projects / lyx.git / commitdiff