-#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 404
+#LyX 2.0.0beta1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 408
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
q & w & e & r
-\end{array}\right)\]
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
needed for physical vectors:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
in the following example:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
creates:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
using the mathematical textmode:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The default limits type is this:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
0<k<1000\\
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}
+\]
\end_inset
dialog.
Here is a formula in magenta:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/alpha.png
scale 85
\end_inset
.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
+ have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to create upright Greek letters is explained in
+How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- produces:
+ produces
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+ Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ is part of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset upright.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Letters
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Standard
In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\]
+\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
.
The chemical equation for this is:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
F@<<<E@<<<D
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
the same solution type occurs several times.
The general form of a quadratic equation is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
The general form of the solution is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
-#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 404
+#LyX 2.0.0beta1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 408
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\series default
zu kombinieren:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
q & w & e & r
-\end{array}\right)\]
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
ergibt
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
ergibt
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
B.
für physikalische Vektoren von Nutzen ist:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
ergibt:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
werden aber im Ausdruck nur mit einer Länge von etwa drei Zeichen gesetzt,
was folgendes Beispiel verdeutlicht:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
ergibt:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:rot}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:rot}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:rotgruen}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:rotgruen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
gewählt wurde:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{dunkelgruen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{dunkelgruen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
wurde:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{Dies ist eine Beschreibung. Sie ist nicht von der Formel getrennt ...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{Dies ist eine Beschreibung. Sie ist nicht von der Formel getrennt ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Die normalen Grenzen sehen so aus:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
So sieht die Formel aus, wenn man die Grenzen neben das Summenzeichen setzt:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
gesetzt und damit unter die Integrale geschrieben:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
0<k<1000\\
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
besteht:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Raute_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Raute_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
B.
nutzen, um eine Grenze für mehrere Operatoren zu verwenden:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Die Stilbefehle wirken auch auf Buchstaben in mathematischen Konstruktionen:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{Formel mit \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{Formel mit \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{Formel mit \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{Formel mit \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{Formel in boldmath-Umgebung}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{Formel in boldmath-Umgebung}
+\]
\end_inset
Dialog.
Hier ist eine Formel in Magenta:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Alle griechischen Buchstaben können auch über den Mathe-Werkzeugleistenknopf
+Griechischen Buchstaben können auch über den Mathe-Werkzeugleistenknopf
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../../images/math/alpha.png
\end_inset
eingefügt werden.
+ Alle internationalen Schriftsatz-Normen geben vor, dass griechische Buchstaben
+ in Formeln aufrecht gesetzt werden.
+ In einigen Sprachen, wie z.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+B: Französisch oder Russisch, werden sie dennoch manchmal aufrecht gesetzt.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Wie man aufrechte griechische Buchstaben erstellt, ist in
+Wie man spezielle, aufrechte griechische Buchstaben erstellt, ist in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Aufrechte-kleine-griechische"
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
-:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+ Eine andere Methode ist das Laden des Pakets
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ ist Teil des LaTeX-Paketes
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pakete ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pakete ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ mit der LaTeX-Vorspannzeile
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dann werden alle großen griechischen Buchstaben im Dokument automatisch
+ aufrecht ausgegeben.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace -7mm
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
In einer abgesetzten Formel steht der Grenzwert wie gewohnt darunter:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
weniger Leerraum gesetzt.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Sonderzeichen
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Unbestimmtheitsrelationen}\]
+\right\} \textrm{Unbestimmtheitsrelationen}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Dazu ein Beispiel:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{etwas}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{etwas}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
ein, verhindert der Stern die Klammern um den Ausdruck:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{etwas}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{etwas}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{römisch}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{römisch}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{Römisch}\label{eq:Roem}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{Römisch}\label{eq:Roem}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{lateinisch}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{lateinisch}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{Lateinisch}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{Lateinisch}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{arabisch}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{arabisch}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
.
Die Reaktionsgleichung dazu lautet:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chemische-Reaktion}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chemische-Reaktion}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
F@<<<E@<<<D
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
auf.
Die allgemeine Form einer quadratischen Gleichung ist
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
Die allgemeine Form der Lösung lautet
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
stellt sicher, dass alle senkrechten Striche in der Größe der umgebenden
Klammern gesetzt werden:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
eignet sich besonders, wenn man das Kürzen innerhalb einer Formel darstellen
will:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\rho & \textrm{Dichte}\\
V & \textrm{Volumen}\\
g & \textrm{Fallbeschleunigung}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:innerhalb}\end{flalign}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:innerhalb}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Damit kann man Elementarteilchenreaktionen erstellen:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
-#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 404
+#LyX 2.0.0beta1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 408
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
q & w & e & r
-\end{array}\right)\]
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
Bigg)^0,5
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Bigg(\exp\bigg<\Big[\big\{\ln(3x)\big\}^{2}\sen(x)\Big]^{A}\bigg>\Bigg)^{0,5}\]
+\Bigg(\exp\bigg<\Big[\big\{\ln(3x)\big\}^{2}\sen(x)\Big]^{A}\bigg>\Bigg)^{0,5}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
genera
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
genera
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
da lugar a:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
e., para vectores físicos:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\;\middle|\; J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\;\middle|\; J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
genera:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
genera:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
sólo pueden abarcar tres caracteres en la salida, como se muestra en este
ejemplo:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
da:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-{\color{red}\int A=B}\label{eq:rojo}\end{equation}
+{\color{red}\int A=B}\label{eq:rojo}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-{\color{green}{\color{red}\int A=B}}\label{eq:rojoverde}\end{equation}
+{\color{green}{\color{red}\int A=B}}\label{eq:rojoverde}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\color black
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{verdeoscuro}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[3]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{verdeoscuro}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[3]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
usando el modo texto matemático:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{ Esto es una descripción. No está separada de la ecuación...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{ Esto es una descripción. No está separada de la ecuación...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
El tipo de límites por omisión es:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
para poner el límite debajo:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:IntVol}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:IntVol}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
0<k<1000\\
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
se puede usar, p.e., para poner un límite a varios operadores:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Los comandos de estilo funcionan también en estructuras matemáticas:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
, porque no funciona con minúsculas griegas.
Además, siempre imprime en redonda las letras latinas, como en la ecuación:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{ecuación con \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{ecuación con \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{ecuación con \textbackslash boldsymbol}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{ecuación con \textbackslash boldsymbol}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{ecuación en un entorno boldmath}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{ecuación en un entorno boldmath}
+\]
\end_inset
.
Aquí hay una ecuación en magenta:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Todas las letras griegas se pueden insertar además mediante el botón
+Las letras griegas se pueden insertar además mediante el botón
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../../images/math/alpha.png
scale 85
\end_inset
de la barra de ecuaciones.
+
+\lang english
+All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math have
+ to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Cómo escribir letras griegas en redonda se explica en
+Cómo escribir
+\lang english
+special
+\lang spanish
+ letras griegas en redonda se explica en
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Griegas-en-redonda"
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- genera:
+ genera
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+
+\lang english
+Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+\lang spanish
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ forma parte del paquete LaTeX
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetes ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetes ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset upright.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Letras en negrita
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
En una ecuación presentada el límite se imprime debajo, como es habitual:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim\limits _{x\rightarrow A}=B\]
+\lim\limits _{x\rightarrow A}=B
+\]
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint_{V}X\mbox{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint_{V}X\mbox{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
\end{aligned}
-\right\} \mbox{Relaciones de incertidumbre}\]
+\right\} \mbox{Relaciones de incertidumbre}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Ejemplo:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{algo}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{algo}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
no se imprimen los paréntesis:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{algo}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{algo}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{romanos en minúscula}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{romanos en minúscula}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{romanos en mayúscula}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{romanos en mayúscula}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{latinas en minúscula}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{latinas en minúscula}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{latinas en mayúscula}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{latinas en mayúscula}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\mbox{arábigos}\end{equation}
+E=\mbox{arábigos}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
.
La ecuación química es:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:reaccion-quimica}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:reaccion-quimica}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@)))B@)))C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
F@(((E@(((D
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@)j))B@))k)C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
D@((j\,(E@)k))F@=C
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
el mismo tipo de solución se repite varias veces.
La forma general de una ecuación de segundo grado es:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
La forma general de la solución es:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
asegura que todas las barras verticales tienen el tamaño de los delimitadores
circundantes:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
es especialmente apropiada para visualizar la simplificación de fracciones
en una ecuación:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\rho & \mbox{densidad}\\
V & \mbox{volumen}\\
g & \mbox{aceleración gravitatoria}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Con estos comandos se pueden escribir reacciones entre partículas elementales:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\rightarrow\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\rightarrow\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
-#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 404
+#LyX 2.0.0beta1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 408
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
a & z & e & r
-\end{array}\right)\]
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
donne
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
donne
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
des parenthèses voisines, ce qui est nécessaire par exemple, pour les vecteurs
de la physique quantique:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
donne:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
donne:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
apparaîtront dans la sortie finale avec une longueur de seulement trois
caractères, comme on le voit dans l'exemple suivant:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
donne:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:rouge}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:rouge}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:rougevert}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:rougevert}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
):
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{vertfonce}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{vertfonce}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
dans cet exemple qui a été commenté en utilisant du texte mathématique:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{Ceci est une description. Elle n'est pas séparée de la formule ...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{Ceci est une description. Elle n'est pas séparée de la formule ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Implicitement les limites ont ce type:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\family default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
et elles sont donc placées sous les intégrales:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
0<k<1000\\
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Losange_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Losange_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
Les commandes de style fonctionnent aussi pour des caractères dans des construct
ions mathématiques:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{équation avec \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{équation avec \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{équation avec \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{équation avec \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{équation dans un environnement boldmath}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{équation dans un environnement boldmath}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
de la barre d'outils mathématiques.
+
+\lang english
+All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math have
+ to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-On explique comment obtenir des lettres grecques droites dans
+On explique comment obtenir des lettres grecques droites spéciales dans
+
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:minuscules-grecques-droites"
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- produit:
+ produit
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+
+\lang english
+Another way is to load the package
+\lang french
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ fait partie du paquetage
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paquetages ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Dans une formule hors ligne la valeur de la limite est placée comme d'habitude,
en dessous de la fonction:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
la fonction, quelque soit la variante.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Caractères spéciaux
\begin_inset Index idx
indentée:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Relations d'incertitude}\]
+\right\} \textrm{Relations d'incertitude}
+\]
\end_inset
doit être au début d'une ligne pour se trouver dans la sortie final au
dessus de celle-ci.
Un exemple où le texte a été inséré au début de la deuxième ligne:
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
\intertext{\text{l'intégrande est symétrique autour de \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, donc}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
\begin_layout Standard
Un exemple:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{quelquechose}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{quelquechose}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
à la place, l'astérisque supprime les parenthèses autour du texte:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{quelquechose}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{quelquechose}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{romains minuscules}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{romains minuscules}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{romains majuscules}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{romains majuscules}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{latines minuscules}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{latines minuscules}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{latines majuscules}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{latines majuscules}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabes}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabes}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
.
La réaction chimique peut être mise sous la forme:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:reaction-chimique}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:reaction-chimique}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
des formules chimiques de façon intuitive.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
F@<<<E@<<<D
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
apparaissent souvent dans votre document sous des formes variées.
La forme générale de l'équation du second degré est:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
La forme générale de ses solutions est:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
assure que toutes les barres verticales ont la même taille que les crochets
englobants:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
est particulièrement utile pour visionner des simplifications de fractions
dans les formules:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
Avec ces commandes, on peut typographier des réactions entre particules
élémentaires:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
-#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 404
+#LyX 2.0.0beta1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 408
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass jarticle
\series default
を組み合わせて使うと便利です。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
q & w & e & r
-\end{array}\right)\]
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドは
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドは
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
。このコマンドでは、物理ベクトル
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\biggm|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\biggm|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドを入力すると、
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドならば、
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
のアクセントは、以下の例のように、出力では3文字分の長さにしかなりません。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドは、
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
という色を持つ縁付きボックスを挙げておきます。
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
を使う利点は、数式テキストモードを使用して「コメントを付けた」以下の例と比較すると、よくわかるでしょう。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{これは説明です。数式本体から離れていません...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{これは説明です。数式本体から離れていません...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
既定の範囲形式は、以下のようになっています。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
に変更したときの表示です。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
にして積分記号の下に置くようにしています。
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
0<k<1000\\
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\\
k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
を定義します。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
書体様式コマンドは、以下のように数式構成要素内の文字に対しても機能します。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{\textbackslash mathbfを使用した数式}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{\textbackslash mathbfを使用した数式}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
コマンドを使用します。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{\textbackslash boldsymbolを使用した数式}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{\textbackslash boldsymbolを使用した数式}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{boldmath環境に置いた数式}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{boldmath環境に置いた数式}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
数式も、通常の本文と同様、色を付けることができます。数式あるいは数式の一部を選択して、文字様式ダイアログを使用して下さい。下記は、マゼンタ色にした数式です。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-からでも挿入することができます。
+からでも挿入することができます。
+\lang english
+All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math have
+ to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
-を生成します。
+を生成します。
+\lang english
+Another way is to load the package
+\lang japanese
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+は、LaTeXパッケージ
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ぱっけーじ@パッケージ ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+に含まれています。
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ぱっけーじ@パッケージ ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
別行建て数式では、極限は、以下のように通常どおり下に置かれます。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
式を行頭下げにしたものです。
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{不確定性原理}\]
+\right\} \textrm{不確定性原理}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
たとえば、
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
コマンドを使います。
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{何とかかんとか}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{何とかかんとか}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
というコマンドを使うと、星印は表現の周りの括弧を抑制するので、以下のようになります。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{小文字ローマ数字}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{小文字ローマ数字}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{大文字ローマ数字}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{大文字ローマ数字}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{小文字ラテン文字}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{小文字ラテン文字}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{大文字ラテン文字}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{大文字ラテン文字}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{アラビア数字}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{アラビア数字}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
を形成します。この化学式は以下のようになります。
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
F@<<<E@<<<D
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
-\end{CD}\]
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
ユーザー定義コマンドは、複雑な表現を使うときに特に便利です。たとえば、文書中で二次方程式を扱っているとすると、同じような解の形が何度も出てきます。二次方程式の一
般型は、
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
であり、その解の一般型は
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
コマンドを使うと、以下のように、すべての縦棒がそれを囲む括弧と同じ大きさに設定されます。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
は、以下のように、とくに数式中の分数を約分を表示するのに適しています。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
これらのコマンドを使えば、以下のような素粒子の反応を組版することができるようになります。
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
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