X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fexamples%2Fbeamerlyxexample1.lyx;h=922cee1048d4b2c31b9eb95db34ecd32d451f7c6;hb=6012beb90eb88011d1213c9ae38c4a77d711737e;hp=18c194f8422e17d0a49e7506c50fbabecea8e0b0;hpb=9f4cc3c9f07b3e3f67894bd21b3d605131f62025;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/examples/beamerlyxexample1.lyx b/lib/examples/beamerlyxexample1.lyx index 18c194f842..922cee1048 100644 --- a/lib/examples/beamerlyxexample1.lyx +++ b/lib/examples/beamerlyxexample1.lyx @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ -#LyX 1.4.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 245 +#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 544 \begin_document \begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin /systemlyxdir/examples/ \textclass beamer \begin_preamble \beamertemplateshadingbackground{red!5}{structure!5} @@ -26,6 +28,10 @@ \newcommand{\Lang}[1]{\operatorname{\text{\textsc{#1}}}} +% This gets defined by beamerbasecolor.sty, but only at the beginning of +% the document +\colorlet{averagebackgroundcolor}{normal text.bg} + \newcommand{\tape}[3]{% \color{structure!30!averagebackgroundcolor} \pgfmoveto{\pgfxy(-0.5,0)} @@ -145,35 +151,83 @@ } \end_preamble \options notes=show +\use_default_options false +\maintain_unincluded_children false \language english +\language_package default \inputencoding auto -\fontscheme times +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "lmodern" "default" +\font_sans "lmss" "default" +\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\use_microtype false +\use_dash_ligatures false \graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default \paperfontsize default \spacing single +\use_hyperref false \papersize default -\use_geometry false -\use_amsmath 2 +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 2 +\use_package amssymb 2 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 \cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain \use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false \paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification true +\use_refstyle 0 +\use_minted 0 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index \secnumdepth 2 \tocdepth 2 \paragraph_separation indent -\defskip medskip -\quotes_language english +\paragraph_indentation default +\is_math_indent 0 +\math_numbering_side default +\quotes_style english +\dynamic_quotes 0 \papercolumns 1 \papersides 1 \paperpagestyle default \tracking_changes false -\output_changes true +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Title The Complexity of -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Finding Paths in Tournaments \end_layout @@ -182,13 +236,15 @@ Till Tantau \end_layout \begin_layout Institute -International Computer Schience Institute -\newline +International Computer Science Institute +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Berkeley, California -\begin_inset OptArg +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout ICSI \end_layout @@ -201,12 +257,23 @@ ICSI January 30th, 2004 \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Outline \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{} +\begin_inset CommandInset toc +LatexCommand tableofcontents \end_inset @@ -214,7 +281,7 @@ Outline \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout [pausesections] \end_layout @@ -224,86 +291,55 @@ status collapsed \end_layout -\begin_layout EndFrame - -\end_layout - +\end_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout % Show the table of contents at the beginning \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout % of every subsection. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -AtBeginSubsection[]{ +AtBeginSubsection[]{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash frame{ \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash frametitle{Outline} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash tableofcontents[current,currentsubsection] \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout } \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout } \end_layout @@ -321,10 +357,20 @@ Introduction What are Tournaments? \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Tournaments Consist of Jousts Between Knights \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Columns \end_layout @@ -336,101 +382,89 @@ Tournaments Consist of Jousts Between Knights \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{1.25cm}{-1cm}{7cm}{4cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodebox{A}[virtual]{ \backslash -pgfxy(2,1)}{ -\backslash -pgfuseimage{knight1}}{2pt}{2pt} +pgfxy(2,1)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfuseimage{knight1}}{2pt}{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash pgfnodebox{B}[virtual]{ \backslash -pgfxy(6,1)}{ -\backslash -pgfuseimage{knight2}}{2pt}{2pt} +pgfxy(6,1)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfuseimage{knight2}}{2pt}{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash pgfnodebox{C}[virtual]{ \backslash -pgfxy(4,-1)}{ -\backslash -pgfuseimage{knight3}}{2pt}{2pt} +pgfxy(4,-1)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfuseimage{knight3}}{2pt}{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash pgfnodebox{D}[virtual]{ \backslash -pgfxy(4,3)}{ -\backslash -pgfuseimage{knight4}}{2pt}{2pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfxy(4,3)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfuseimage{knight4}}{2pt}{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<3->{ \backslash @@ -439,99 +473,68 @@ pgfsetendarrow{ pgfarrowto}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash -only<2->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +only<2->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D}{A} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{C}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{B}{D} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C}{D}} +pgfnodeconnline{C}{D} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -548,12 +551,11 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open -{What is a Tournament?} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +What is a Tournament? \end_layout \end_inset @@ -563,12 +565,12 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<1-> +1- \end_layout \end_inset @@ -577,12 +579,12 @@ A group of knights. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<2-> +2- \end_layout \end_inset @@ -591,12 +593,12 @@ Every pair has a joust. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<3-> +3- \end_layout \end_inset @@ -606,10 +608,28 @@ In every joust one knight wins. \end_deeper \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Tournaments are Complete Directed Graphs \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Columns \end_layout @@ -621,115 +641,75 @@ Tournaments are Complete Directed Graphs \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{1.5cm}{-1cm}{6.5cm}{4cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{A}{ \backslash pgfxy(2.5,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{B}{ \backslash pgfxy(5.5,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{C}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,-0.5)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{D}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,2.5)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{white} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -738,13 +718,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{A}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$v_2$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -753,13 +729,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{B}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$v_3$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -768,13 +740,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{C}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$v_4$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -783,131 +751,79 @@ pgfnodecenter{D}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$v_1$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetendarrow{ \backslash pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodesetsepstart{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodesetsepend{4pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D}{A} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{C}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{B}{D} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -924,21 +840,25 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_layout \begin_layout Definition -\begin_inset ERT +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<2-> +2- \end_layout \end_inset -A +A +\color none + \color red tournament -\color default - is a +\color none + +\color inherit +is a \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -948,33 +868,53 @@ directed graphs, \begin_layout Enumerate with exactly one edge between -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + any two different vertices. \end_layout \end_deeper \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame -\begin_inset ERT +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 2 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -[<+>] ++ \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Tournaments Arise Naturally in Different Situations \end_layout -\begin_layout ExampleBlock -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -{Applicatins in Ordering Theory} +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout ExampleBlock +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Applications in Ordering Theory \end_layout \end_inset @@ -986,22 +926,26 @@ status inlined \begin_layout Standard Elements in a set need to be sorted. -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + The comparison relation may be cyclic, however. \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout ExampleBlock -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Applications in Sociology} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Applications in Sociology \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1012,24 +956,27 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard Several candidates apply for a position. -\newline -Reviewers decide for any two candidates - whom they prefer. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Reviewers decide for any two candidates whom they prefer. \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout ExampleBlock -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Applications in Structural Complexity Theory} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Applications in Structural Complexity Theory \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1048,7 +995,9 @@ A language \end_inset . -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + It chooses from any two words the one more likely to be in \begin_inset Formula $f$ \end_inset @@ -1056,110 +1005,160 @@ It chooses from any two words the one more likely to be in . \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout Subsection What Does ``Finding Paths'' Mean? \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout ``Finding Paths'' is Ambiguous \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Input for +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open -{ -\backslash -strut Input for -\backslash -ignorespaces -\backslash -def -\backslash -par{}% because LyX inserts superfluous paragraphs +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +1 \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset +Path Finding Problems \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<1>{Path Finding Problems} -\backslash -ignorespaces +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +2-3 \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}$ +\end_inset + \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<2-3>{$ -\backslash -Lang{reach}$} -\backslash -ignorespaces +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +4-5 \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset +the Construction Problem \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<4-5>{the Construction Problem} -\backslash -ignorespaces +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +6-7 \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset +the Optimization Problem \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<6-7>{the Optimization Problem} -\backslash -ignorespaces +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +8-9 \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula $\Lang{distance}$ +\end_inset + \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<8-9>{$ -\backslash -Lang{distance}$} -\backslash -ignorespaces +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +10- \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset +the Approximation Problem \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -only<10->{the Approximation Problem}} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1169,27 +1168,39 @@ only<10->{the Approximation Problem}} \begin_deeper \begin_layout Itemize -A +A +\color none + \color red graph -\color default +\color none +\color inherit + \begin_inset Formula $G=(V,E)$ \end_inset -, a +, a +\color none + \color red source -\color default +\color none +\color inherit + \begin_inset Formula $s\in V$ \end_inset - and a + and a +\color none + \color red target -\color default +\color none +\color inherit + \begin_inset Formula $t\in V$ \end_inset @@ -1197,21 +1208,26 @@ target \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - +only@-9| visible@8- \end_layout \end_inset -A +A +\color none + \color red maximum distance -\color default -\InsetSpace ~ +\color inherit + +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $d$ \end_inset @@ -1220,7 +1236,7 @@ maximum distance \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1233,21 +1249,25 @@ phantom{p} \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - +only@10- \end_layout \end_inset -An +An +\color none + \color red approximation ratio -\color default +\color none +\color inherit + \begin_inset Formula $r>1$ \end_inset @@ -1259,7 +1279,7 @@ approximation ratio \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1272,19 +1292,12 @@ nointerlineskip \end_layout \begin_layout Overprint +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open -\end_layout - -\begin_deeper -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard - +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\backslash -onslide<1,3,5,7,9,11-12> +1,3,5,7,9,11-12 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1292,13 +1305,13 @@ onslide<1,3,5,7,9,11-12> \end_layout +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Columns -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin_layout Plain Layout +t,onlytextwidth \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1308,20 +1321,35 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Flex Alternative +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +1-2 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -alt<1-2>{ -\backslash -column{ -\backslash -textwidth}}{ +column{ \backslash -column{5cm}} +textwidth} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1329,13 +1357,35 @@ column{5cm}} \end_layout -\begin_layout ExampleBlock +\end_inset + + \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +column{5cm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -{Example Input} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout ExampleBlock +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example Input \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1346,42 +1396,42 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{2.5cm}{-0.6cm}{7.5cm}{2.6cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1390,11 +1440,11 @@ graphnode{A}{ pgfxy(3,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1403,11 +1453,11 @@ graphnode{B}{ pgfxy(5,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1416,11 +1466,11 @@ graphnode{C}{ pgfxy(4,0)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1429,30 +1479,30 @@ graphnode{D}{ pgfxy(4,2)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash color{white} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1463,11 +1513,11 @@ pgfnodecenter{B}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$t$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1478,30 +1528,30 @@ pgfnodecenter{D}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$s$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1510,107 +1560,107 @@ pgfsetendarrow{ pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodesetsepstart{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodesetsepend{4pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{A}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D}{A} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{C}{B} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{B}{D} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1623,11 +1673,11 @@ pgfxy(5.3,1)}{ pgfbox[left,center]{, $d=2$}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1640,11 +1690,11 @@ pgfxy(5.3,1)}{ pgfbox[left,center]{, $r=1.5$}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1657,11 +1707,11 @@ pgfxy(5.3,1)}{ pgfbox[left,center]{, $r=1.25$}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -1675,16 +1725,34 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_deeper \begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Flex Only +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +3- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<3->{ -\backslash -column{5cm}} +column{5cm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1693,12 +1761,22 @@ column{5cm}} \end_layout \begin_layout ExampleBlock -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +only@3- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Example Output} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example Output \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1709,126 +1787,82 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{2.5cm}{-0.6cm}{7.5cm}{2.6cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash -only<5-8,10->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +only<5-8,10->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{A}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{B}{ \backslash pgfxy(5,1)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{C}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,0)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{D}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,2)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash color{white} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -1837,13 +1871,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{B}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$t$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -1852,159 +1882,94 @@ pgfnodecenter{D}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$s$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfsetendarrow{ +\backslash +pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodesetsepstart{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -color{beamerexample} +pgfnodesetsepend{4pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +alert<7,12>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A}{B}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfsetendarrow{ +alert<5,11>{ \backslash -pgfarrowto} +pgfnodeconnline{A}{C}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +alert<5,7,11-12>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{D}{A}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodesetsepstart{2pt} +alert<5,11>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C}{B}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B}{D} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodesetsepend{4pt} +pgfnodeconnline{D}{C} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -alert<7,12>{ -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A}{B}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -alert<5,11>{ -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A}{C}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -alert<5,7,11-12>{ -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D}{A}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -alert<5,11>{ -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C}{B}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B}{D} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D}{C} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - \backslash only<3,9>{ \backslash @@ -2017,11 +1982,7 @@ pgfbox[left,center]{ alert{``Yes''}}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -2035,15 +1996,14 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_deeper \end_deeper -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Overprint +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\backslash -onslide<2,4,6,8,10> +2,4,6,8,10 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2051,13 +2011,13 @@ onslide<2,4,6,8,10> \end_layout +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Variants of Path Finding Problems} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Variants of Path Finding Problems \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2066,65 +2026,69 @@ status inlined \end_layout \begin_deeper -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Description +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\backslash -usedescriptionitemofwidthas{Approximation Problem:} +2- \end_layout \end_inset - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Description -Reachability\InsetSpace ~ -Problem: -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -<2-> -\end_layout - +Reachability +\begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Is there a path from +Problem: Is there a path from \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset ? +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Approximation Problem: +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Description -Construction\InsetSpace ~ -Problem: -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<4-> +4- \end_layout \end_inset -Construct a path from +Construction +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Problem: Construct a path from \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset @@ -2133,23 +2097,28 @@ Construct a path from \end_layout \begin_layout Description -Optimization\InsetSpace ~ -Problem: -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<6-> +6- \end_layout \end_inset -Construct a shortest path from +Optimization +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Problem: Construct a shortest path from \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset @@ -2158,28 +2127,36 @@ Construct a shortest path from \end_layout \begin_layout Description -Distance\InsetSpace ~ -Problem: -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<8-> +8- \end_layout \end_inset -Is the distance of +Distance +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Problem: Is the distance of \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - and\InsetSpace ~ + and +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset - at most\InsetSpace ~ + at most +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $d$ \end_inset @@ -2188,32 +2165,40 @@ Is the distance of \end_layout \begin_layout Description -Approximation\InsetSpace ~ -Problem: -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument item:1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<10-> +10- \end_layout \end_inset -Construct a path from +Approximation +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Problem: Construct a path from \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset of length -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + approximately their distance. \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout Section @@ -2226,9 +2211,9 @@ Standard Complexity Classes \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -2243,225 +2228,215 @@ pgfdeclareimage[height=2cm,mask=computer-mask,interpolate=true]{computer}{beamer \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Classes L and NL are Defined via -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Logspace Turing Machines \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status open +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{-0.5cm}{0cm}{8cm}{5cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash -pgfxy(0,4)}{ -\backslash -tape{input tape (read only), $n$ symbols}{}{3401234*3143223=}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfxy(0,4)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -uncover<2->{ +tape{input tape (read only), $n$ symbols}{}{3401234*3143223=}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +uncover<2->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash -pgfxy(0,0.5)}{ -\backslash -tape{}{output tape (write only)}{10690836937182}}} +pgfxy(0,0.5)}{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +tape{}{output tape (write only)}{10690836937182}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -uncover<3->{ +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +uncover<3->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash -pgfxy(7,2)}{ +pgfxy(7,2)}{% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + \backslash shorttape{work tape (read/write), $O( \backslash log n)$ symbols}{}{42}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash -pgfxy(1.75,2.5)}{ +pgfxy(1.75,2.5)}{% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + \backslash pgfbox[center,center]{ \backslash pgfuseimage{computer}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - } +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard +\backslash +color{structure} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -color{structure} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - \backslash pgfsetendarrow{ \backslash pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfxycurve(1.75,3.5)(1.75,3.75)(0,3.5)(0,3.85) \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash uncover<2->{ \backslash pgfxycurve(1.75,1.5)(1.75,1)(0,1.5)(0,1.05)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash uncover<3->{ \backslash pgfxycurve(2.65,2.5)(3.75,2.5)(7,1)(7,1.9)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +end{pgfpicture} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset -\backslash -end{pgfpicture} \end_layout +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain \end_inset \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Logspace Turing Machines Are Quite Powerful \end_layout -\begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\end_inset -\begin_layout Standard -{Deterministic logspace machines can compute} +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Block +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Deterministic logspace machines can compute \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2488,12 +2463,11 @@ reachability in forests. \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Non-deterministic logspace machines can compute} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Non-deterministic logspace machines can compute \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2515,73 +2489,86 @@ satisfiability with two literals per clause. \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - +\end_deeper \begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<1>[label=hierarchy] +1 \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Argument 3 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +label=hierarchy +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Complexity Class Hierarchy \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{-5.4cm}{0cm}{5.4cm}{5.5cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.8pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash heap{5.5}{3.5}{$ \backslash Class P$}{black}{1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetdash{{2pt}}{0pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<2->{ \backslash @@ -2590,137 +2577,105 @@ heap{4.5}{3}{$ Class{NC}^2$}{black!50!structure}{2}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash heap{3.5}{2.5}{$ \backslash Class{NL}$}{black!50!structure}{3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash heap{2.5}{2}{$ \backslash Class{L}$}{black!50!structure}{4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<2->{ \backslash heap{1.75}{1.5}{$ \backslash -vphantom{A} +vphantom{A}% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + \backslash smash{ \backslash -Class{NC}^1}$}{black!50!structure}{5}} +Class{NC}^1}$}{black!50!structure}{5} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash pgfsetdash{}{0pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<2->{ \backslash heap{1.1}{1}{$ \backslash -vphantom{A} -\backslash -smash{ -\backslash -Class{AC}^0}$}{black}{6}} +vphantom{A}% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +smash{ +\backslash +Class{AC}^0}$}{black}{6} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{1.0pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{black} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfxyline(-5,0)(5,0) \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<1-2>{ \backslash @@ -2729,13 +2684,9 @@ langat{3.375}{$ Lang{reach}$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<1-2>{ \backslash @@ -2746,21 +2697,9 @@ Lang{reach}_{ operatorname{forest}}$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<2>{ \backslash @@ -2769,13 +2708,9 @@ langat{0.975}{$ Lang{addition}$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<2>{ \backslash @@ -2792,13 +2727,9 @@ hbox{$ Lang{parity}$}}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<3-5>{ \backslash @@ -2815,13 +2746,9 @@ hbox{$ Lang{reach}$}}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<4->{ \backslash @@ -2832,13 +2759,9 @@ vbox{ ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash @@ -2849,13 +2772,9 @@ operatorname{forest}}$,} ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash @@ -2866,13 +2785,9 @@ operatorname{forest}}$,} ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash @@ -2883,28 +2798,25 @@ operatorname{path}}$,} ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash Lang{reach}_{ \backslash -operatorname{path}}$}}}} +operatorname{path}}$}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash only<5->{ \backslash @@ -2915,13 +2827,9 @@ Lang{reach}_{ operatorname{tourn}}$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash only<6->{ \backslash @@ -2932,13 +2840,9 @@ vbox{ ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash @@ -2949,13 +2853,9 @@ operatorname{tourn}}$,} ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash @@ -2964,43 +2864,46 @@ Lang{distance}$,} ignorespaces \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - + \backslash hbox{$ \backslash -Lang{reach}$}}}} +Lang{reach}$}}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash only<7->{ \backslash -pgfsetdash{{1pt}}{0pt} +pgfsetdash{{1pt}}{0pt}% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + \backslash langat{2.375}{``$ \backslash Lang{approx}_{ \backslash -operatorname{tourn}}$''}} +operatorname{tourn}}$''} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3012,7 +2915,19 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Circuit Complexity Classes AC \begin_inset Formula $^{0}$ \end_inset @@ -3026,15 +2941,23 @@ The Circuit Complexity Classes AC \end_inset -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Limit the Circuit Depth \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3043,11 +2966,7 @@ setlength leftmargini{1em} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3060,12 +2979,11 @@ nointerlineskip \end_layout \begin_layout Columns -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -[t] +\begin_layout Plain Layout +t \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3079,27 +2997,15 @@ status collapsed \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout Circuit Class \begin_inset Formula $\Class{AC}^{0}$ \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3149,27 +3055,15 @@ unbounded fan-in \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout Circuit Class \begin_inset Formula $\Class{NC}^{1}$ \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3226,27 +3120,15 @@ bounded fan-in \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout Circuit Class \begin_inset Formula $\Class{NC}^{2}$ \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3279,15 +3161,16 @@ bounded fan-in . \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<2> +2 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3299,12 +3182,24 @@ hierarchy Standard Complexity Results on Finding Paths \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout All Variants of Finding Paths in Directed Graphs -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Are Equally Difficult \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Fact \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}$ \end_inset @@ -3362,14 +3257,15 @@ the approximation problem in logspace iff . \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<3> +3 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3377,12 +3273,24 @@ status collapsed hierarchy \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame -FindingPaths in Forests and Directed Paths is Easy, -\newline +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Finding Paths in Forests and Directed Paths is Easy, +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + But Not Trivial \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Fact \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}_{\operatorname{forest}}$ \end_inset @@ -3398,7 +3306,10 @@ But Not Trivial -complete. \end_layout -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout @@ -3417,13 +3328,14 @@ But Not Trivial -complete. \end_layout +\end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<4> +4 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3439,20 +3351,34 @@ Finding Paths in Tournaments Complexity of: Does a Path Exist? \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Definition of the Tournament Reachability Problem \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Definition -Let +Let +\color none + \color red \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}_{\operatorname{tourn}}$ \end_inset -\color default - contain all triples +\color none + +\color inherit +contain all triples \begin_inset Formula $(T,s,t)$ \end_inset @@ -3468,12 +3394,18 @@ Let \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -there exists a path from\InsetSpace ~ +there exists a path from +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset @@ -3482,10 +3414,28 @@ there exists a path from\InsetSpace ~ \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Tournament Reachability Problem is Very Easy \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Theorem \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}_{\operatorname{tourn}}\in\Class{AC}^{0}$ \end_inset @@ -3498,12 +3448,11 @@ The Tournament Reachability Problem is Very Easy \end_layout \begin_layout AlertBlock -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Implications} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Implications \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3539,14 +3488,15 @@ easier . \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<5> +5 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3558,21 +3508,37 @@ hierarchy Complexity of: Construct a Shortest Path \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Finding a Shortest Path Is as Difficult as -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + the Distance Problem \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Definition -Let +Let +\color none + \color red \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{distance}_{\operatorname{tourn}}$ \end_inset + +\color none -\color default +\color inherit contain all tuples \begin_inset Formula $(T,s,t,d)$ \end_inset @@ -3593,12 +3559,18 @@ the distance of \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - and\InsetSpace ~ + and +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset - is at most\InsetSpace ~ + is at most +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $d$ \end_inset @@ -3607,10 +3579,28 @@ the distance of \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Tournament Distance Problem is Hard \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Theorem \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{distance}_{\operatorname{tourn}}$ \end_inset @@ -3623,13 +3613,14 @@ The Tournament Distance Problem is Hard \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset -\hfill \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3649,9 +3640,10 @@ beamerskipbutton{Skip Proof}} \begin_layout Corollary Shortest path in tournaments can be constructed -\newline -in logarithmic space, iff - +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +in logarithmic space, iff \begin_inset Formula $\Class{L}=\Class{NL}$ \end_inset @@ -3669,7 +3661,19 @@ in logarithmic space, iff . \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Proof That \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{distance}_{\operatorname{tourn}}$ \end_inset @@ -3677,11 +3681,17 @@ Proof That is NL-complete \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3694,12 +3704,11 @@ nointerlineskip \end_layout \begin_layout Columns -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin_layout Plain Layout +t,onlytextwidth \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3714,9 +3723,9 @@ status inlined \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -3731,16 +3740,10 @@ leftmargini{1.5em} \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout Reduce \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}$ \end_inset @@ -3750,12 +3753,6 @@ Reduce \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3765,12 +3762,12 @@ status collapsed \begin_deeper \begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - +alert@1 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3787,12 +3784,12 @@ Is input \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<2-| alert@2-8> +2-| alert@2-8 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3809,18 +3806,20 @@ Map \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<9-| alert@9> +9-| alert@9 \end_layout \end_inset Query: -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $(G',s',t',3)\in\Lang{distance}_{\operatorname{tourn}}$ \end_inset @@ -3829,39 +3828,30 @@ Query: \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout Correctness -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Standard - -} \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<10-> +10- \end_layout \end_inset @@ -3871,24 +3861,32 @@ status collapsed \begin_deeper \begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<10-| alert@10-11> +10-| alert@10-11 \end_layout \end_inset -A path in\InsetSpace ~ +A path in +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $G$ \end_inset induces -\newline -a length-3 path in\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +a length-3 path in +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $G'$ \end_inset @@ -3897,24 +3895,32 @@ a length-3 path in\InsetSpace ~ \end_layout \begin_layout Enumerate -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Argument item:2 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<12-| alert@12-13> +12-| alert@12-13 \end_layout \end_inset -A length-3 path in\InsetSpace ~ +A length-3 path in +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $G'$ \end_inset induces -\newline -a path in\InsetSpace ~ +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +a path in +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $G'$ \end_inset @@ -3929,115 +3935,75 @@ a path in\InsetSpace ~ \begin_layout Example \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash begin{pgfpicture}{0cm}{-1.25cm}{4.5cm}{3.75cm} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{A}{ \backslash pgfxy(1,3.3)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{B}{ \backslash pgfxy(2,3.3)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{C}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,3.3)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash graphnode{D}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,3.3)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{white} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4046,13 +4012,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{A}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$s$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4061,128 +4023,75 @@ pgfnodecenter{D}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$t$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfsetendarrow{ \backslash pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodesetsepstart{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfnodesetsepend{2pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash alert<3>{ \backslash pgfnodeconnline{B}{A}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash alert<4>{ \backslash pgfnodeconnline{B}{C}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash alert<5,10-11,13>{ \backslash pgfnodeconnline{C}{D}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash alert<6,10-11,13>{ \backslash pgfnodeconncurve{A}{C}{45}{135}{15pt}{15pt}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4193,32 +4102,16 @@ pgfbox[left,center]{$G colon$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash -only<2->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +only<2->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4229,240 +4122,160 @@ pgfbox[left,center]{$G' colon$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{A1}{ \backslash pgfxy(1,2.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{B1}{ \backslash pgfxy(2,2.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{C1}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,2.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{D1}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,2.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{A2}{ \backslash pgfxy(1,1.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{B2}{ \backslash pgfxy(2,1.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{C2}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,1.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{D2}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,1.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{A3}{ \backslash pgfxy(1,0.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{B3}{ \backslash pgfxy(2,0.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{C3}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,0.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{D3}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,0.25)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{A4}{ \backslash pgfxy(1,-.75)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{B4}{ \backslash pgfxy(2,-.75)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{C4}{ \backslash pgfxy(3,-.75)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash graphnode{D4}{ \backslash pgfxy(4,-.75)} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - { + { \backslash color{white} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4471,13 +4284,9 @@ pgfnodecenter{A1}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$s'$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfputat{ \backslash @@ -4486,1134 +4295,684 @@ pgfnodecenter{D4}}{ pgfbox[center,center]{$t'$}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + } \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - }} +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +only<8->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + +\backslash +pgfsetlinewidth{0.4pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +color{beamerexample!25!averagebackgroundcolor} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<8->{ +pgfnodeconnline{A2}{C1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A2}{D1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfsetlinewidth{0.4pt} +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{A1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -color{beamerexample!25!averagebackgroundcolor} +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{D1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A2}{C1} +pgfnodeconnline{D2}{A1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{D2}{B1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A2}{D1} +pgfnodeconnline{A3}{C2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A3}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{A1} +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{A2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C1} +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{D1} +pgfnodeconnline{D3}{A2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{D3}{B2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D1} +pgfnodeconnline{A4}{C3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A4}{D3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D2}{A1} +pgfnodeconnline{B4}{A3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B4}{C3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D2}{B1} +pgfnodeconnline{B4}{D3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C4}{D3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A3}{C2} +pgfnodeconnline{D4}{A3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{D4}{B3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A3}{D2} +pgfsetstartarrow{ +\backslash +pgfarrowto} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A1}{B1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{A2} +pgfnodeconnline{B1}{C1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C1}{D1} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C2} +pgfnodeconnline{A2}{B2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{D2} +pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A3}{B3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D2} +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D3}{A2} +pgfnodeconnline{A4}{B4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B4}{C4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D3}{B2} +pgfnodeconnline{C4}{D4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfclearstartarrow \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A4}{C3} +pgfnodeconncurve{A3}{A1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconncurve{A4}{A2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A4}{D3} +pgfnodeconncurve{A4}{A1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconncurve{B3}{B1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B4}{A3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B4}{C3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B4}{D3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C4}{D3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D4}{A3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D4}{B3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfsetstartarrow{ -\backslash -pgfarrowto} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A1}{B1} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B1}{C1} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C1}{D1} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A2}{B2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A3}{B3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A4}{B4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B4}{C4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C4}{D4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfclearstartarrow -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{A3}{A1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{A4}{A2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{A4}{A1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{B3}{B1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{B4}{B2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{B4}{B1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{C3}{C1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{C4}{C2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{C4}{C1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{D3}{D1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{D4}{D2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconncurve{D4}{D1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -color{beamerexample} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<3->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -color<3>{red} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B1}{A2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{B4}{B2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{A3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{B4}{B1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{A4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{C3}{C1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<4->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{C4}{C2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -color<4>{red} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{C4}{C1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B1}{C2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{D3}{D1}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C3} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{D4}{D2}{135}{-135}{10pt}{10pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconncurve{D4}{D1}{135}{-135}{15pt}{15pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\backslash +color{beamerexample} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<5->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfsetlinewidth{0.6pt} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -color<5>{red} +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C1}{D2} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +only<3->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -alert<11>{ + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D3}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +color<3>{red} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -alert<12-13>{ + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D4}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconnline{B1}{A2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -only<6->{ -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{A3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -color<6>{red} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{A4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -alert<11>{ -\backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A1}{C2}} +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\backslash -alert<12-13>{ \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A2}{C3}} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +only<4->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A3}{C4} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - +color<4>{red} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - } + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B1}{C2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{C3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{C4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash -only<7->{ +only<5->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +color<5>{red} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -color<7>{red} +pgfnodeconnline{C1}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +alert<11>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C2}{D3}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash alert<12-13>{ \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A1}{A2}} +pgfnodeconnline{C3}{D4}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A2}{A3} +only<6->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +color<6>{red} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{A3}{A4} +alert<11>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A1}{C2}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +alert<12-13>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A2}{C3}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B1}{B2} +pgfnodeconnline{A3}{C4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + - \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B2}{B3} +only<7->{% \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +color<7>{red} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{B3}{B4} +alert<12-13>{ +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A1}{A2}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{A2}{A3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C1}{C2} +pgfnodeconnline{A3}{A4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B1}{B2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C2}{C3} +pgfnodeconnline{B2}{B3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{B3}{B4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{C3}{C4} +pgfnodeconnline{C1}{C2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{C2}{C3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash -pgfnodeconnline{D1}{D2} +pgfnodeconnline{C3}{C4} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +pgfnodeconnline{D1}{D2} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D2}{D3} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout - + \backslash alert<11>{ \backslash pgfnodeconnline{D3}{D4}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - - } -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5625,14 +4984,15 @@ end{pgfpicture} \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<6> +6 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -5644,20 +5004,34 @@ hierarchy Complexity of: Approximating the Shortest Path \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Approximators Compute Paths that Are Nearly As Short As a Shortest Path \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Definition -An +An +\color none + \color red approximation scheme for \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{tournament-shortest-path}$ \end_inset -\color default - gets as input +\color none + +\color inherit +gets as input \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -5686,7 +5060,10 @@ a path from \begin_inset Formula $s$ \end_inset - to\InsetSpace ~ + to +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $t$ \end_inset @@ -5699,13 +5076,32 @@ a path from \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout There Exists a Logspace Approximation Scheme for -\newline -the Tournament Shortest - Path Problem +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +the Tournament Shortest Path Problem +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Theorem There exists an approximation scheme for \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{tournament-shortest-path}$ @@ -5716,8 +5112,10 @@ There exists an approximation scheme for \end_inset needs space -\begin_inset Formula \[ -O\left(\log|V|\log\frac{1}{r-1}\right).\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +O\left(\log|V|\log\frac{1}{r-1}\right). +\] \end_inset @@ -5733,13 +5131,14 @@ In tournaments, paths can be constructed in logarithmic space. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset -\hfill \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5753,13 +5152,14 @@ beamergotobutton{More Details}} \end_layout +\end_deeper \begin_layout AgainFrame -\begin_inset ERT +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<7> +7 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -5767,6 +5167,104 @@ status collapsed hierarchy \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Note Note +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +If a frame includes a program listing, the frame needs to be marked as +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +fragile +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + \SpecialChar LyX + has the FragileFrame layout for this. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout FragileFrame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Just a frame with a program code listing +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout FragileFrame +This is some program code: +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset listings +lstparams "extendedchars=true,language=Python,numbers=left,stepnumber=3,tabsize=4" +inline false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +def func(param): +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + 'this is a python function' +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + pass +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +def func(param): +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +'This is a German word: Tschüs' +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +pass +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +def func(param): +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +'this is a python function' +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +pass +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_deeper \begin_layout Section* Summary \end_layout @@ -5775,17 +5273,26 @@ Summary Summary \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame -Summary +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Summary +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Summary} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Summary \end_layout \end_inset @@ -5795,62 +5302,84 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Itemize -Tournament +Tournament +\color none + \color red reachability -\color default - is in -\color red +\color none + +\color inherit +is in +\color none +\color red + \begin_inset Formula $\Class{AC}^{0}$ \end_inset -\color default +\color inherit . \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -There exists a +There exists a +\color none + \color red logspace approximation scheme -\color default - for +\color none + +\color inherit +for +\color none + \color red approximating -\color default - shortest paths in tournaments. +\color none + +\color inherit +shortest paths in tournaments. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -Finding +Finding +\color none + \color red shortest paths -\color default - in tournaments is -\color red +\color none +\color inherit +in tournaments is +\color none + +\color red + \begin_inset Formula $\Class{NL}$ \end_inset -complete -\color default +\color inherit . \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout Block -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status collapsed -{Outlook} +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Outlook \end_layout \end_inset @@ -5861,14 +5390,18 @@ status inlined \begin_deeper \begin_layout Itemize The same results apply to graphs with -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + bounded independence number. -\hfill +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5884,14 +5417,18 @@ beamergotobutton{More Details}} \begin_layout Itemize The complexity of finding paths in undirected graphs -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + is partly open. -\hfill +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5905,20 +5442,31 @@ beamergotobutton{More Details}} \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout Subsection* For Further Reading \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout For Further Reading \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5931,15 +5479,23 @@ beamertemplatebookbibitems \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem +LatexCommand bibitem +key "Moon1968" +literal "true" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset -\bibitem {Moon1968} -\InsetSpace ~ John Moon. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5957,7 +5513,7 @@ Topics on Tournaments. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5969,9 +5525,9 @@ newblock Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1968. \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -5984,15 +5540,23 @@ beamertemplatearticlebibitems \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem +LatexCommand bibitem +key "NickelsenT2002" +literal "true" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset -\bibitem {NickelsenT2002} -\InsetSpace ~ Arfst Nickelsen and Till Tantau. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6005,7 +5569,7 @@ newblock \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6023,14 +5587,22 @@ Proc. \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem +LatexCommand bibitem +key "Tantau2004b" +literal "true" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset -\bibitem {Tantau2004b} -\InsetSpace ~ Till Tantau \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6044,7 +5616,7 @@ newblock \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6063,7 +5635,7 @@ Proc. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6075,20 +5647,17 @@ newblock In press. \end_layout -\begin_layout EndFrame - -\end_layout - +\end_deeper \begin_layout Standard \start_of_appendix \begin_inset ERT -status inlined +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -AtBeginSubsection[]{} +AtBeginSubsection[]{} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -6104,35 +5673,52 @@ Appendix Graphs With Bounded Independence Number \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 3 +status collapsed -[label=independence] +\begin_layout Plain Layout +label=independence \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout Definition of Independence Number of a Graph \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Definition -The +The +\color none + \color red independence number -\color default +\color none +\color inherit + \begin_inset Formula $\alpha(G)$ \end_inset of a directed graph -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + is the maximum number of vertices we can pick, -\newline -such that - there is no edge between them. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +such that there is no edge between them. \end_layout \begin_layout Example @@ -6140,26 +5726,57 @@ Tournaments have independence number 1. \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Results for Tournaments also Apply to -\newline -Graphs With Bounded Independence - Number +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Graphs With Bounded Independence Number \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Theorem -For each\InsetSpace ~ +For each +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset -, +, +\color none + \color red reachability -\color default - in graphs with independence number -\newline -at most\InsetSpace ~ +\color none + +\color inherit +in graphs with independence number +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +at most +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset @@ -6171,22 +5788,35 @@ at most\InsetSpace ~ . \end_layout -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout Theorem -For each\InsetSpace ~ +For each +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset -, there exists a +, there exists a +\color none + \color red logspace approximation scheme -\color default - for approximating the shortest path in graphs with independence number - at most\InsetSpace ~ +\color none + +\color inherit +for approximating the shortest path in graphs with independence number at + most +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset @@ -6194,56 +5824,95 @@ logspace approximation scheme \end_layout -\begin_layout Separator +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator plain +\end_inset + \end_layout \begin_layout Theorem -For each\InsetSpace ~ +For each +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset -, finding the +, finding the +\color none + \color red shortest path -\color default - in graphs with independence number at most\InsetSpace ~ +\color none + +\color inherit +in graphs with independence number at most +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + \begin_inset Formula $k$ \end_inset - is + is +\color none + \color red \begin_inset Formula $\Class{NL}$ \end_inset -complete -\color default +\color inherit . \end_layout +\end_deeper \begin_layout Subsection Finding Paths in Undirected Graphs \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout -<1-2>[label=undirected] +1-2 \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Argument 3 +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +label=undirected +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Complexity of Finding Paths in Undirected Graphs -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + Is Party Unknown. \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Fact \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{reach}_{\operatorname{undirected}}$ \end_inset @@ -6270,20 +5939,44 @@ the reachability problem in logspace iff \begin_layout Itemize the construction problem in logspace iff -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Flex Alternative +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +1 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +? +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Flex Alert +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\Class L=\Class{SL}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset -\backslash -alt<1>{?}{ -\backslash -alert{$ -\backslash -Class L = -\backslash -Class{SL}$}} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -6293,20 +5986,44 @@ Class{SL}$}} \begin_layout Itemize the optimization problem in logspace iff -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined +\begin_inset Flex Alternative +status open -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Argument 1 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +1 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Argument 2 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +? +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Flex Alert +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\Class L=\Class{NL}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset -\backslash -alt<1>{?}{ -\backslash -alert{$ -\backslash -Class L = -\backslash -Class{NL}$}} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -6319,25 +6036,36 @@ the approximation problem in logspace iff ?. \end_layout +\end_deeper \end_deeper \begin_layout Subsection The Approximation Scheme is Optimal \end_layout -\begin_layout BeginFrame -\begin_inset ERT -status inlined - -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Frame +\begin_inset Argument 3 +status collapsed -[label=optimality] +\begin_layout Plain Layout +label=optimality \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Argument 4 +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout The Approximation Scheme is Optimal \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper \begin_layout Theorem Suppose there exists an approximation scheme for \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{tournament-shortest-path}$ @@ -6362,7 +6090,9 @@ Suppose there exists an approximation scheme for \begin_deeper \begin_layout Enumerate Suppose the approximation scheme exists. -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + We show \begin_inset Formula $\Lang{distance}_{\operatorname{tourn}}\in\Class{DSPACE}\bigl[\log^{2-\epsilon}n\bigr]$ \end_inset @@ -6390,7 +6120,9 @@ Run the approximation scheme for \end_inset . -\newline +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + This needs space \begin_inset Formula $\smash{O(\log^{2-\epsilon}n)}$ \end_inset @@ -6404,7 +6136,7 @@ The resulting path has optimal length. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -6417,9 +6149,6 @@ qedhere \end_layout \end_deeper -\begin_layout EndFrame - -\end_layout - +\end_deeper \end_body \end_document