X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fdoc%2FMath.lyx;h=dbb03f10a324367ea9fa89079d254659ff8e6e67;hb=239b9919ffe28338d789e6dc9122228f77ab77a7;hp=f7ce572989dd0bdbff488d3c45323fbba336d775;hpb=986821f442da977d06c396ead4b142ffd22ca944;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/doc/Math.lyx b/lib/doc/Math.lyx index f7ce572989..dbb03f10a3 100644 --- a/lib/doc/Math.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/Math.lyx @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ #LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 503 +\lyxformat 508 \begin_document \begin_header -\origin unavailable +\save_transient_properties true +\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/ \textclass scrartcl \begin_preamble % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!! @@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here: \series bold -http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#Math +http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#Math \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1172,7 +1173,7 @@ pt) \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -böp +bp \end_layout \end_inset @@ -1492,10 +1493,6 @@ arg "math-superscript" \end_inset . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -1752,10 +1749,6 @@ A line with the fraction dfrac \series default . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -2290,10 +2283,6 @@ arg "math-insert \\root" \end_inset . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -2646,10 +2635,6 @@ brack \end_inset . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -3005,7 +2990,7 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" or the table toolbar button \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" +arg "tabular-feature append-row" \end_inset . @@ -3062,10 +3047,6 @@ not every character can be displayed canceled. The characters are quasi accentuated by a slash. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -3290,10 +3271,6 @@ reference "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset the following problem occurs: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -3414,10 +3391,6 @@ phantom The arrows indicate that the complete width and height of the box content will be created as placeholder. Phantom characters are accordingly placeholders with the size of the characters. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -4128,10 +4101,6 @@ dots , \SpecialChar LaTeX decides on the basis of the next character what type is used. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -4785,13 +4754,13 @@ To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" +arg "tabular-feature append-row" \end_inset , \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" +arg "tabular-feature delete-row" \end_inset , etc. @@ -6007,10 +5976,6 @@ Bigg \begin_layout Standard These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6091,10 +6056,6 @@ C \begin_layout Standard Here is an overview about all bracket sizes: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6218,10 +6179,6 @@ r \begin_layout Standard In the following table is a comparison of the variants: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6477,10 +6434,6 @@ right \series default the wanted bracket must be inserted. The bracket size will then automatically be calculated for the output. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6958,10 +6911,6 @@ Load always \family default , you have access to square backets: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -7202,10 +7151,6 @@ underbracket \series default you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the desired thickness in square brackets behind the command: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -8614,10 +8559,6 @@ always \end_inset -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -9142,10 +9083,6 @@ xrightleftharpoons \begin_layout Standard The command scheme is for all these arrows: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -10411,10 +10348,6 @@ undertilde \end_inset -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -11043,10 +10976,6 @@ arg "math-insert \\space" Space \family default afterwards. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -11520,10 +11449,6 @@ reference "subsec:Variable-Space" contrary to the other sizes, because it is a negative space. There are two more negative spaces: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -11653,10 +11578,6 @@ g. \end_inset useful for summation operators: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -11771,10 +11692,6 @@ Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a \SpecialChar TeX brace. The following example demonstrates this: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -12800,10 +12717,6 @@ framebox fbox \series default . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -13300,12 +13213,6 @@ raisebox \end_inset -\series default - -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -13683,12 +13590,6 @@ white and \series bold yellow -\series default - -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -14545,26 +14446,6 @@ linewidth times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from the line width. - As this is not automatically done by \SpecialChar LyX - due to a bug -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "LyX-bug #4483" -target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4483" - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -, \SpecialChar TeX - mode has to be used. To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the \SpecialChar LaTeX -package \series bold @@ -15992,10 +15873,6 @@ Operators ! Limits \begin_layout Standard Limits are created by super- and subscripts: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -18245,15 +18122,12 @@ Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles: \begin_layout Standard \align center -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Tabular - + + \begin_inset Text @@ -18271,6 +18145,15 @@ Command Result \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Shortcut +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18304,6 +18187,15 @@ ABC \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18335,6 +18227,20 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcut" +arg "font-bold" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18368,6 +18274,20 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcut" +arg "font-boldsymbol" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18403,6 +18323,15 @@ ABC \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18436,6 +18365,15 @@ AbC \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18444,15 +18382,16 @@ AbC \end_inset -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\align center \begin_inset Tabular - + + \begin_inset Text @@ -18470,6 +18409,15 @@ Command Result \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Shortcut +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18503,6 +18451,15 @@ AbC \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18534,6 +18491,20 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcut" +arg "font-roman" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18567,6 +18538,20 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcut" +arg "font-sans" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18600,6 +18585,20 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcut" +arg "font-typewriter" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18635,6 +18634,15 @@ ABC \end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + \end_inset @@ -18643,10 +18651,6 @@ ABC \end_inset -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -19179,10 +19183,6 @@ arg "math-insert \\style" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -20920,10 +20920,6 @@ boldsymbol \end_inset . -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -21951,13 +21947,6 @@ bot \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -22936,10 +22925,6 @@ eurosym \begin_layout Standard An overview about the different Euro symbols: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -23188,13 +23173,6 @@ fi \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -24622,10 +24600,6 @@ stackrel \end_inset : -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -24752,13 +24726,9 @@ italic \end_inset . - Therefore there are predefined functionswhich are additionally a bit separated + Therefore there are predefined functions which are additionally a bit separated from prefactors. They are inserted as commands starting with a backslash before their name. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -25442,10 +25412,6 @@ In \SpecialChar LyX \end_inset : -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -25587,10 +25553,6 @@ liminf limsup \series default the following functions are defined: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -25904,10 +25866,6 @@ The characters ^ and _ would normally create a superscript and subscript, To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading \backslash : -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -26154,7 +26112,7 @@ aa \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{å}$ \end_inset @@ -27573,10 +27531,6 @@ Formula ! styles \begin_layout Itemize There are two different alignment styles: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -27656,10 +27610,6 @@ pt will be used. \end_deeper \begin_layout Itemize And two different numbering styles: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -27754,27 +27704,27 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" inside a formula. This creates either an \series bold -eqnarray environment +align environment \series default that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment" +reference "subsec:Standard-align-Environment" \end_inset - or, when the option + or, when automatically loading the package \family sans -Use AMS math package + AMS math \family default - in the document settings is selected, an + is disabled in the document settings, an \series bold -align environment +eqnarray environment \series default that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "subsec:Standard-align-Environment" +reference "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment" \end_inset @@ -27806,13 +27756,13 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" +arg "tabular-feature append-row" \end_inset or \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" +arg "tabular-feature delete-row" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu @@ -28258,6 +28208,13 @@ C & \ne & A \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Subsubsection @@ -28815,13 +28772,13 @@ Change Formula Type To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular append-column" +arg "tabular-feature append-column" \end_inset or \begin_inset Info type "icon" -arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column" +arg "tabular-feature delete-column" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu @@ -30069,27 +30026,14 @@ end{subequations} An example: \begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=C-B\label{eq:a} +A=C-B \end{equation} \end_inset \begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -addtocounter{equation}{-1} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30125,7 +30069,7 @@ C=A+B\label{eq:c} \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30151,22 +30095,8 @@ first formula is inserted \series bold -\backslash -addtocounter{equation}{-1} \backslash begin{subequations} -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! A ! -\backslash -addtocounter -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -30206,36 +30136,13 @@ begin \backslash end \series default - is subnumbered as a, b, -\begin_inset Newline linebreak -\end_inset - -c, \SpecialChar ldots + will be subnumbered with a, b, c, \SpecialChar ldots + in the output. For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered. - All subnumbered formulas are treated as -\emph on -one -\emph default - numbered formula. - But as every numbered formula increases the counter -\series bold -equation -\series default - by one, the command -\series bold - -\backslash -addtocounter -\series default - is needed to decrease it. - Otherwise the formulas -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand eqref -reference "eq:a" - -\end_inset +\end_layout -, +\begin_layout Standard +Referencing subequations work like for normal equations: \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand eqref reference "eq:b" @@ -30249,34 +30156,29 @@ reference "eq:c" \end_inset - would be numbered as -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand eqref -reference "eq:a" - -\end_inset - -, -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand eqref -reference "eq:d" - -\end_inset - -, +. + If you want to reference the subequations collectively, insert a label + directly after +\series bold + +\backslash +begin{subequations} +\series default + and reference it. + Formula \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand eqref -reference "eq:f" +reference "eq:Here-is-an" \end_inset -. + is an example. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -By inserting the commands in \SpecialChar TeX - mode, a space is created between the first - two formulas. +By inserting commands in \SpecialChar TeX + mode, a space is created between the first two + formulas. To revert this -5 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -30317,8 +30219,57 @@ mm space is inserted instead. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Here is an example for a multiline formula where the numbering was turned - off for the second line: +To get another subnumber instead of small Latin letters, insert this command + as TeX code after +\series bold + +\backslash +begin{subequations} +\series default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +renewcommand{ +\backslash +theequation}{ +\backslash +theparentequation - +\backslash +roman{equation}} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +theparentequation +\series default + creates hereby the parent number and +\series bold + +\backslash +roman{equation} +\series default + adds a small Roman number as subnumber. + For more information about the customization of the numbering, see +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Numbering-with-Roman" + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Here is an example for a multiline formula where the numbering is customized + and turned off for the second line: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -30332,11 +30283,37 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "eq:Here-is-an" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +renewcommand{ +\backslash +theequation}{ +\backslash +theparentequation - +\backslash +roman{equation}} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} -A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\ +A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\\ & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\ - & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f} + & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2} \end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -31024,10 +31001,24 @@ makeatother \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "subsec:Numbering-with-Roman" + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed @@ -31617,10 +31608,6 @@ ce \series default to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted in an intuitive way. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -32932,10 +32919,6 @@ white \begin_layout Standard A test of the new defined commands: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34195,6 +34178,35 @@ Maxima \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\int\left(\frac{1}{1+x^{3}}\right)dx=-\frac{\log\left(x^{2}-x+1\right)}{6}+\frac{\arctan\left(\frac{2\,x-1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\log\left(x+1\right)}{3}$ +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Note Greyedout +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +Note: +\series default + One needs to use proper delimiter insets +\begin_inset Formula $\left(\right)$ +\end_inset + + instead of simple '(' ')' characters. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize @@ -34213,6 +34225,20 @@ Maxima \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $powerseries\left(-\log\left(5-x\right),x,1\right)=\sum_{{\mathit{i}_{2}}=0}^{\infty}{\frac{4^{-{\mathit{i}_{2}}-1}\,\left(x-1\right)^{{\mathit{i}_{2}}+1}}{{\mathit{i}_{2}}+1}}-\log4$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $solve\left(x_{1}+y_{1}^{3}=y_{1}+x_{1}^{2},x_{1}\right)=\left[x_{1}=-\frac{\sqrt{4\,y_{1}^{3}-4\,y_{1}+1}-1}{2},x_{1}=\frac{\sqrt{4\,y_{1}^{3}-4\,y_{1}+1}+1}{2}\right]$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -34302,10 +34328,6 @@ Thus, the problem disappears when converting the minus sign to mathematical \begin_layout Standard An example to visualize the problem: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34572,10 +34594,6 @@ braket \begin_layout Standard The following commands are defined: -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34889,10 +34907,6 @@ The style is a number in the range of 0 \end_inset 3. -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35117,6 +35131,13 @@ As one can see, the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the fraction bar is round about three times the bar thickness. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Canceled Formulas \begin_inset Index idx @@ -35164,10 +35185,6 @@ cancel \end_inset -\begin_inset Separator parbreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -37850,7 +37867,7 @@ key "Checklist" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Check list" -target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf" +target "http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec11.html" \end_inset