X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fdoc%2FMath.lyx;h=2ce9935b042295db7d0b8b4faaaefea7eda7db85;hb=867ecaad4f285166025a212a40ffa2f1dd05f06e;hp=f2936441b32b856e6a7b417a67d8b10991b6bc0c;hpb=f61f5b9192f2d82fe3f6a6877d1cc5dce960f1bf;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/doc/Math.lyx b/lib/doc/Math.lyx index f2936441b3..2ce9935b04 100644 --- a/lib/doc/Math.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/Math.lyx @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ -#LyX 1.6.8svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 345 +#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 504 \begin_document \begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/ \textclass scrartcl \begin_preamble % DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!! @@ -13,39 +15,24 @@ % the documentation team % email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org -% if pdflatex is used -\usepackage{ifpdf} -\ifpdf - -% set fonts for nicer pdf view -\IfFileExists{lmodern.sty} - {\usepackage{lmodern}}{} - -\fi % end if pdflatex is used - -% Folgendes Problem lösen: -% Besteht die Kapitelnummer aus zu vielen Ziffern, wird die -% Kapitelüberschrift im Inhaltsverzeichnis direkt an oder über -% die Kapitelnummer geschrieben. -% Als Lösung wird mehr Platz zwischen Nummer und -% Überschrift eingefügt. +% solves the following problem: +% If the dection number consits of too many numerals the section heading +% will be printed in the TOC without a space between it and the section number. +% As solution more space between the number and the heading is inserted: \renewcommand{\l@subsection}{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.8em}} \renewcommand{\l@subsubsection}{\@dottedtocline{3}{4.3em}{3.6em}} -% To be able to enter the character ° and · directly in LyX, -% see sec. 22.11 -\DeclareInputText{176}{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi} -\DeclareInputText{183}{\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi} - % increase link area for cross-references and autoname them, \AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}} -\newlength{\abc} -\settowidth{\abc}{\space} -\addto\extrasenglish{ - \renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}} - \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} - \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} - \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}} +\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{\usepackage[english]{babel}}{} +\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{ + \addto\extrasenglish{% + \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}% + \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% + \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% + \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% + } +}{} % don't load packages twice % see first footnote in sec. 9.3 @@ -62,21 +49,21 @@ \cleardoublepage \pagenumbering{arabic}} +% add 0.5 mm vertical space for table rows +\@ifundefined{extrarowheight} {\usepackage{array}}{} +\setlength{\extrarowheight}{0.5mm} + % insert additional vertical space of 1.5 mm between footnotes, \let\myFoot\footnote \renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\myFoot{#1\vspace{1.5mm}}} -% provides caption formatting +% makes caption labels bold \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries} -% used in Kap. 22.6 -\usepackage[samesize]{cancel} - -% enables calculation of values, +% enables calculation of values \usepackage{calc} -% for multiple table row and column cells -\usepackage{multirow} +% for multiple columns used in sec. 24.7 \usepackage{multicol} % needed in sec. 19.4 @@ -85,9 +72,6 @@ % for the Fourier transformation symbol \usepackage{mathrsfs} -% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3) -\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering} - % define a color, used in sec.9.3 \definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5} @@ -95,8 +79,6 @@ \DeclareMathOperator*{\Lozenge}{\blacklozenge} \DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn} -\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace} - % example definitions for sec. 20.1 \newcommand{\gr}{\Longrightarrow} \newcommand{\us}[1]{\underline{#1}} @@ -107,19 +89,19 @@ % example macro from sec. 19.4 %\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{|#1|}} -% macro from sec. 10.2 -\def\clap#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}} -\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal} -\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}} - -% redefine the greyed out note -\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout} - {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup} % ------------------------------------ % used to check for needed LaTeX packages \usepackage{ifthen} +% check for package undertilde +% used for the command \utilde +\newboolean{undertilde} +\IfFileExists{undertilde.sty} + {\usepackage{undertilde} + \setboolean{undertilde}{true}} + {\setboolean{undertilde}{false}} + % check for package eurosym % used for the Euro symbol \newboolean{eurosym} @@ -150,20 +132,28 @@ \setboolean{upgreek}{true}} {\setboolean{upgreek}{false}} \end_preamble -\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove +\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading \use_default_options false +\maintain_unincluded_children false \language english +\language_package default \inputencoding auto -\font_roman default -\font_sans default -\font_typewriter default +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "lmodern" "default" +\font_sans "lmss" "default" +\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" \font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false -\font_sf_scale 100 -\font_tt_scale 100 - +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 \graphics default +\default_output_format pdf2 +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \use_hyperref true @@ -180,14 +170,33 @@ \pdf_colorlinks true \pdf_backref false \pdf_pdfusetitle false -\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels" +\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false" \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false -\use_amsmath 2 -\use_esint 1 +\use_package amsmath 2 +\use_package amssymb 2 +\use_package cancel 0 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 2 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 0 +\use_package stmaryrd 0 +\use_package undertilde 0 \cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain \use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false \paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification true +\use_refstyle 0 +\notefontcolor #0000ff +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index \secnumdepth 4 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation skip @@ -201,25 +210,29 @@ \bullet 3 2 7 -1 \tracking_changes false \output_changes false -\author "" -\author "" +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body \begin_layout Title -LyX's detailed Math manual +\SpecialChar LyX +'s detailed Math manual \end_layout \begin_layout Author -by the LyX Team +by the \SpecialChar LyX + Team \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout \noindent -If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta -tion mailing list: +If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the \SpecialChar LyX + Documentatio +n mailing list: \family typewriter \begin_inset CommandInset href @@ -255,7 +268,7 @@ author: Uwe Stöhr \family sans -Version 2.0.x +Version 2.2.x \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -272,22 +285,19 @@ LatexCommand tableofcontents status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages -\series bold -braket, cancel, eurosym, -\series default - +To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-packages \series bold -mhchem, multirow +braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mathtools, mhchem, undertilde \series default and \series bold was \series default should be installed. - If they are not installed the document can be export anyway but the sections + If they are not installed the document can be exported anyway but the sections where the packages are required will not appear in the output. - An exeption is + An exception is \series bold mhchem \series default @@ -321,8 +331,10 @@ Introduction \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -This document explains LyX's math features and is furthermore a collection - of LaTeX-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs. +This document explains \SpecialChar LyX +'s math features and is furthermore a collection + of \SpecialChar LaTeX +-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs. The explanations are designed for the usage of commands. It is therefore required that you have read the section \family typewriter @@ -341,12 +353,12 @@ Most of the characters and many constructs explained in this manual are \family sans Insert \series bold -\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\SpecialChar menuseparator \series default Math \family default -, or the + or the \family sans math \family default @@ -369,10 +381,10 @@ If not specially mentioned the commands are only available within formulas. \family sans Use AMS math package \family default - must be used in the document settings (menu + must be checked in the document settings (menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator +Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator Math \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -401,7 +413,8 @@ AmS \end_inset --math when math constructs are found that are supported by LyX. +-math when math constructs are found that are supported by \SpecialChar LyX +. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -447,13 +460,14 @@ AmS \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "amsguide.ps" -target "ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex/doc/amsguide.ps" +target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amstex/amsguide.pdf" \end_inset \family default -, which is part of every LaTeX standard installation. +, which is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -467,7 +481,7 @@ General Instructions \begin_layout Standard To create an inline formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -483,18 +497,17 @@ arg "math-mode" \end_inset or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-mode.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-mode" \end_inset - +. \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset To create a display style formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -503,8 +516,8 @@ Formula ! display style \end_inset - that will appear bigger and in an own paragraph, use one of these shortcuts: - + which will appear bigger, has a different format, and will be in a separate + paragraph, use one of these shortcuts: \begin_inset Info type "shortcuts" arg "math-display" @@ -523,8 +536,8 @@ arg "math-mode" or the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Change formula type \family default . @@ -540,7 +553,7 @@ To display parts of an inline formula in the size of a display style formula, displaystyle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -566,7 +579,7 @@ math toolbar \family default can be turned on in the menu \family sans -View\SpecialChar \menuseparator +View\SpecialChar menuseparator Toolbars \family default . @@ -625,38 +638,28 @@ Math \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The TeX-mode -\begin_inset Index +The \SpecialChar TeX + mode +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -T@TeX-mode +T@\SpecialChar TeX +-mode \end_layout \end_inset is invoked by pressing the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/ert-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "ert-insert" \end_inset or by using the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Te -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -{} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -X Code +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +TeX Code \family default (shortcut \begin_inset Info @@ -665,59 +668,26 @@ arg "ert-insert" \end_inset ). -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -In LyX there are three -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -proper names -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX - and LyX -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair - is inserted. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To change the LaTeX-preamble -\begin_inset Index +To change the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -L@LaTeX-preamble +L@\SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble \end_layout \end_inset , use the menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator -LaT -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -{} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -eX +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator +Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator +LaTeX \family default \family sans @@ -728,14 +698,14 @@ Preamble \begin_layout Standard To edit matrices, case differentiations and multiline formulas subsequently, - the menus + use the menus \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Math \family default and \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Rows \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -750,7 +720,7 @@ Columns, \family sans table toolbar \family default - can be used. +. When lines and columns are swapped via the menu, the column or line where the cursor is in is exchanged with the column to the right or the line below, respectively. @@ -773,7 +743,7 @@ intertext is used, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Text-in-multiline" +reference "subsec:Text-in-multiline" \end_inset @@ -787,7 +757,7 @@ reference "sub:Text-in-multiline" mathematical text \emph default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -797,7 +767,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -820,7 +790,7 @@ arg "font-default" text \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -832,8 +802,9 @@ text \end_inset . - The text appears black in LyX and can therefore be distinguished from the - other formula parts that appear blue. + The text appears black in \SpecialChar LyX + and can therefore be distinguished from the + other formula parts which appear blue. In the output mathematical text is set upright, in contrary to other formula parts. \end_layout @@ -843,7 +814,8 @@ Command Scheme \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Most of the LaTeX-commands for math constructs have the following scheme: +Most of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-commands for math constructs have the following scheme: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -863,7 +835,7 @@ argument} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -A command starts always with a backslash +A command always starts with a backslash \begin_inset Quotes gld \end_inset @@ -880,36 +852,45 @@ A command starts always with a backslash . To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets. The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as - TeX-braces -\begin_inset Index + \SpecialChar TeX + braces +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -T@TeX-braces +T@\SpecialChar TeX +-braces \end_layout \end_inset . - If you add in a formula a left brace to a command name, LyX creates automatical -ly a TeX-brace. - In all other cases TeX-braces are created in formulas with the command - + If you add in a formula a left brace to a command name, \SpecialChar LyX + automatically + creates a \SpecialChar TeX + brace. + In all other cases \SpecialChar TeX + braces are created in formulas with the command \series bold \backslash { \series default . - TeX-braces appear red in LyX, in contrary to normal braces that appear - blue. - In TeX-mode no command is needed to get TeX-braces. - TeX-braces don't appear in the output. + \SpecialChar TeX + braces appear red in \SpecialChar LyX +, in contrary to normal braces which appear blue. + In \SpecialChar TeX + mode no command is needed to get \SpecialChar TeX + braces. + \SpecialChar TeX + braces don't appear in the output. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard When commands without arguments, like commands for symbols are entered in - TeX-mode, a space character must + \SpecialChar TeX + mode, a space character must \emph on always \emph default @@ -922,8 +903,8 @@ always \begin_layout Standard A protected space is inserted with \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "space-insert protected" +type "shortcuts" +arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space" \end_inset . @@ -937,60 +918,44 @@ Syntax Explanation \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -The symbol -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -This visible space character can be created with the command -\series bold - -\backslash -textvisiblespace -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! T ! -\backslash -textvisiblespace -\end_layout - +The symbol +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -, inserted in TeX-mode. + denotes a space character to be input. \end_layout +\begin_layout Itemize +An arrow like +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - + denotes the usage of the corresponding arrow key on the keyboard. + The +\family sans +Tab +\family default + key can often be used instead of +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset - -\begin_inset space ~ + and +\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ \end_inset -denotes a space character to be input. -\end_layout +, and +\family sans +Shift+Tab +\family default + instead of +\begin_inset Formula $\leftarrow$ +\end_inset -\begin_layout Itemize -An arrow like -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ + and +\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$ \end_inset - denotes the usage of the corresponding arrow key on the keyboard. +. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection* @@ -1007,7 +972,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \align center -\begin_inset Caption +\begin_inset Caption Standard \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -1028,11 +993,11 @@ Available units \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1041,7 +1006,7 @@ Unit \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1052,7 +1017,7 @@ Name / Description - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1061,7 +1026,7 @@ mm \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1072,7 +1037,7 @@ Millimeter - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1081,7 +1046,7 @@ cm \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1092,7 +1057,7 @@ Centimeter - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1101,7 +1066,7 @@ in \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1120,7 +1085,7 @@ cm) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1129,7 +1094,7 @@ pt \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1148,7 +1113,7 @@ in) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1157,7 +1122,7 @@ pc \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1176,7 +1141,7 @@ pt) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1185,7 +1150,7 @@ sp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1204,7 +1169,7 @@ pt) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1213,7 +1178,7 @@ bp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1232,7 +1197,7 @@ in) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1241,7 +1206,7 @@ dd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1264,7 +1229,7 @@ mm) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1273,7 +1238,7 @@ cc \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1292,7 +1257,7 @@ dd) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1301,7 +1266,7 @@ ex \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1324,7 +1289,7 @@ x - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1333,7 +1298,7 @@ em \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1356,7 +1321,7 @@ M - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1365,7 +1330,7 @@ mu \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1412,7 +1377,7 @@ Basic Functions \begin_layout Subsection Exponents -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1422,7 +1387,7 @@ Exponents \end_inset and Indices -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1432,7 +1397,7 @@ Indices \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1464,7 +1429,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1508,13 +1473,12 @@ _ \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-subscript.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-subscript" \end_inset - , exponents with a caret +, exponents with a caret \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset @@ -1523,60 +1487,47 @@ _ \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-superscript.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-superscript" \end_inset . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -command +Command \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1585,7 +1536,7 @@ B_V \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1598,8 +1549,8 @@ B_V \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1608,11 +1559,11 @@ B^V \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{V}$ +\begin_inset Formula $B^{V}$ \end_inset @@ -1621,22 +1572,13 @@ B^V \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout B^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1644,11 +1586,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $B^{A}$ \end_inset @@ -1671,14 +1613,14 @@ As the caret is in some languages an accent, vowels will be accentuated status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for other character -s than vowels. +Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for characters + other than vowels. \end_layout \end_inset . - To get in this case exponents, press + To get exponents in this case, press \family sans Space \family default @@ -1689,12 +1631,12 @@ Space Fractions \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Fractions" +name "subsec:Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1714,7 +1656,7 @@ Fractions are generated with the command frac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1726,20 +1668,18 @@ frac \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac.png - scale 50 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac" \end_inset . The font size is adjusted automatically, depending on whether the fraction is in an inline or display style formula. With the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac-square.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac-square" \end_inset you can select different fraction types. @@ -1753,7 +1693,7 @@ With the command dfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1764,8 +1704,7 @@ dfrac \end_inset - a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style - formula. + a fraction can be created that always has the size of a display style formula. With \series bold @@ -1773,7 +1712,7 @@ dfrac tfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1814,17 +1753,21 @@ A line with the fraction dfrac \series default . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1833,50 +1776,25 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1888,11 +1806,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{A}{B}$ \end_inset @@ -1901,24 +1819,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1930,11 +1839,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{A}{B}$ \end_inset @@ -1943,52 +1852,21 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 1 @@ -2004,11 +1882,11 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}$ \end_inset @@ -2039,7 +1917,7 @@ For nested fractions the command cfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2059,9 +1937,11 @@ cfrac \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\ -\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*} +\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -2078,16 +1958,7 @@ The command for the example above is: \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2097,31 +1968,13 @@ A B+ \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C+ \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset E @@ -2179,15 +2032,13 @@ cfrac \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}$ -\end_inset -, -\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac{A}{B+C}$ -\end_inset +\series bold +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}\,,\,\cfrac{A}{B+C}\,,\,\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C} +\] -, -\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}$ \end_inset @@ -2214,14 +2065,16 @@ cfracleft \backslash cfracright \series default - are no real LaTeX commands but represent the command + are no real \SpecialChar LaTeX + commands but represent the command \series bold \backslash cfrac[alignment]{numerator}{denominator} \series default . - Therefore you cannot use them in TeX code. + Therefore you cannot use them in \SpecialChar TeX + code. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2246,8 +2099,10 @@ cfrac frac \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} +\] \end_inset @@ -2263,7 +2118,7 @@ For inline fractions with a sloped fraction stroke you can use the command nicefrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2285,7 +2140,7 @@ nicefrac unitfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2328,7 +2183,8 @@ Note: \backslash unitfracthree \series default - is not a real LaTeX command but the command + is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX + command but the command \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -2339,7 +2195,8 @@ unitfracthree unitfrac[number]{numerator}{denominator} \series default . - Therefore you cannot use it in TeX code. + Therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX + code. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -2352,7 +2209,18 @@ How to define own fractions where the fraction stroke can be changed, is explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" +reference "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions" + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Multiline fractions are explained in +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Multiline-Fractions" \end_inset @@ -2361,7 +2229,7 @@ reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \begin_layout Subsection Roots -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2381,7 +2249,7 @@ Square roots are created with sqrt \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2393,10 +2261,9 @@ sqrt \end_inset or the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/sqrt.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\sqrt" \end_inset , all other roots with the command @@ -2406,7 +2273,7 @@ sqrt root \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2418,24 +2285,27 @@ root \end_inset or with the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/root.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\root" \end_inset . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2444,50 +2314,25 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash sqrt -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A-B @@ -2495,11 +2340,11 @@ A-B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{A-B}$ \end_inset @@ -2508,24 +2353,15 @@ A-B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash root -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 3 @@ -2537,11 +2373,11 @@ A-B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[3]{A-B}$ \end_inset @@ -2589,7 +2425,7 @@ The leftroot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2607,7 +2443,7 @@ leftroot uproot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2637,7 +2473,7 @@ uproot{distance} \begin_layout Standard Distance is the number of Big Points (unit bp; -\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\, bp=1\, inch}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\,bp=1\,inch}$ \end_inset ), that the index should be moved to the left or top, resp.. @@ -2665,16 +2501,7 @@ uproot{2 \backslash beta -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -2696,7 +2523,7 @@ produces a correct typeset formula: \begin_layout Subsection Binomial Coefficients -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2716,7 +2543,7 @@ Binomial coefficients are inserted with the command binom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2728,33 +2555,32 @@ binom \end_inset or with the submenu of the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac-square.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac-square" \end_inset . - Analog to fractions ( + As with fractions ( \series bold \backslash frac \series default -) there are besides +) in addition to \series bold \backslash binom \series default - the commands + there are the commands \series bold \backslash dbinom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2772,7 +2598,7 @@ dbinom tbinom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2791,7 +2617,7 @@ tbinom brace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2809,7 +2635,7 @@ brace brack \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2821,17 +2647,21 @@ brack \end_inset . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2840,50 +2670,25 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash binom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2895,11 +2700,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\binom{A}{B}$ \end_inset @@ -2908,24 +2713,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash dbinom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2937,11 +2733,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dbinom{A}{B}$ \end_inset @@ -2950,24 +2746,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash tbinom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2979,11 +2766,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\tbinom{A}{B}$ \end_inset @@ -2992,24 +2779,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash brack -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3021,11 +2799,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brack B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${A \brack B}$ \end_inset @@ -3034,24 +2812,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash brace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3063,11 +2832,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brace B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${A \brace B}$ \end_inset @@ -3085,7 +2854,7 @@ B \begin_layout Subsection Case Differentiations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3101,11 +2870,11 @@ Case differentiations \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3114,7 +2883,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3125,23 +2894,14 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash cases -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3149,7 +2909,7 @@ A \end_inset B>0 -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3165,7 +2925,7 @@ cases \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3179,24 +2939,15 @@ A & B>0\end{cases}$ \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash cases -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -3210,13 +2961,14 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases} A & \textrm{for }x>0\\ -B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$ +B & \textrm{for }x=0 +\end{cases}$ \end_inset @@ -3239,11 +2991,10 @@ After inserting \backslash cases \series default - or the usage of the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/cases.png - scale 85 - + or pressing the math toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\cases" \end_inset you can create new lines with the shortcut @@ -3253,10 +3004,9 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \end_inset or the table toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset . @@ -3271,8 +3021,8 @@ cases \series default is also available via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Cases-Environment \family default . @@ -3280,7 +3030,7 @@ Cases-Environment \begin_layout Subsection Negations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3293,14 +3043,14 @@ Negations \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -By inserting of +By inserting \series bold \backslash not \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3313,17 +3063,21 @@ not every character can be displayed canceled. The characters are quasi accentuated by a slash. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3332,7 +3086,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3343,7 +3097,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3354,7 +3108,7 @@ not= \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3368,7 +3122,7 @@ not= - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3381,7 +3135,7 @@ le \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3395,7 +3149,7 @@ le - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3408,7 +3162,7 @@ parallel \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3429,11 +3183,11 @@ parallel \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The last example shows, that not all negations look good. - Therefore there are for some negations special commands (see +The last example shows that not all negations look good. + Therefore there are special commands for some negations (see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Mathematical-Symbols" +reference "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols" \end_inset @@ -3451,12 +3205,12 @@ reference "sec:Relations" Placeholders \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Placeholders" +name "subsec:Placeholders" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3466,7 +3220,7 @@ Placeholders \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3476,7 +3230,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Isotopes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3527,7 +3281,7 @@ status collapsed Typesetting isotopes and chemical symbols is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" +reference "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset @@ -3537,13 +3291,17 @@ reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset the following problem occurs: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3560,7 +3318,7 @@ Indices created with sub- and superscripts: \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}$ \end_inset @@ -3569,7 +3327,7 @@ Indices created with sub- and superscripts: \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text @@ -3597,22 +3355,6 @@ correct indices: \end_inset -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -3625,7 +3367,7 @@ The shorter index is by default placed below or above the first character phantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3646,10 +3388,9 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/space.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\space" \end_inset @@ -3658,10 +3399,9 @@ can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button \end_inset -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/phantom.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math/phantom" \end_inset that creates one or more phantom characters. @@ -3675,17 +3415,21 @@ phantom The arrows indicate that the complete width and height of the box content will be created as placeholder. Phantom characters are accordingly placeholders with the size of the characters. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3694,63 +3438,29 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout ^19 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _ \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 1 @@ -3758,16 +3468,7 @@ spce \end_inset 9 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset F @@ -3775,11 +3476,11 @@ F \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}$ \end_inset @@ -3788,37 +3489,19 @@ F \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout ^235 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _ \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 23 @@ -3826,16 +3509,7 @@ spce \end_inset 9 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset F @@ -3843,11 +3517,11 @@ F \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}$ \end_inset @@ -3856,39 +3530,21 @@ F \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash Lambda^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ii @@ -3896,16 +3552,7 @@ ii \end_inset t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _MMt @@ -3913,11 +3560,11 @@ _MMt \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}$ \end_inset @@ -3941,7 +3588,7 @@ Furthermore there are the commands vphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3953,14 +3600,9 @@ vphantom \end_inset (toolbar button -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/vphantom.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math/vphantom" \end_inset ) and @@ -3970,7 +3612,7 @@ vphantom hphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3982,14 +3624,9 @@ hphantom \end_inset (toolbar button -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/hphantom.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math/hphantom" \end_inset ). @@ -4012,32 +3649,19 @@ vphantom \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -For example creates +For example the command \series bold \backslash vphantom -\series default - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset - -\series bold a \backslash int \series default - space for the height of the integral sign, + creates space for the height of the integral sign, \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -4051,7 +3675,7 @@ int creates an integral sign, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Big-Operators" +reference "subsec:Big-Operators" \end_inset @@ -4064,16 +3688,45 @@ reference "sub:Big-Operators" An example application is in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets" +reference "subsec:Multiline-Brackets" \end_inset . \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Placeholders can also be used for text when they are inserted via the menu + +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator +Phantom +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Phantom Phantom +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +This +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + is a sentence. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Lines -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4083,7 +3736,7 @@ Lines \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4099,11 +3752,11 @@ Formula ! underlined \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4112,54 +3765,29 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash overline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4175,11 +3803,11 @@ overline \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\overline{A+B}$ \end_inset @@ -4188,28 +3816,19 @@ overline \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash underline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4225,11 +3844,11 @@ underline \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}$ \end_inset @@ -4238,39 +3857,21 @@ underline \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash overline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash underline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B @@ -4278,11 +3879,11 @@ A+B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\underline{A+B}}$ \end_inset @@ -4315,15 +3916,7 @@ underline \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To double underline e. -\begin_inset space \thinspace{} -\end_inset - -g. -\begin_inset space \space{} -\end_inset - -results, one uses +To double underline use \series bold \backslash @@ -4347,7 +3940,7 @@ Custom lines can be created using the command rule \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4414,19 +4007,42 @@ This is a sentence \backslash rule \series default - can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode. + can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator +Horizontal +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Line +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence +\begin_inset CommandInset line +LatexCommand rule +offset "0.5ex" +width "3cm" +height "1pt" + +\end_inset + + with one line. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Ellipses \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Ellipses" +name "subsec:Ellipses" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4445,10 +4061,9 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/ldots.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\ldots" \end_inset @@ -4463,7 +4078,7 @@ In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button ldots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4482,7 +4097,7 @@ ldots cdots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4501,7 +4116,7 @@ cdots dots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4512,18 +4127,23 @@ dots \end_inset -, LaTeX decides on the basis of the next character what type is used. +, \SpecialChar LaTeX + decides on the basis of the next character what type is used. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4532,7 +4152,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4543,36 +4163,18 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset , \backslash dots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ,A_n @@ -4580,7 +4182,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4594,36 +4196,18 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + \backslash dots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +A_n @@ -4631,7 +4215,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4645,36 +4229,18 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset , \backslash ldots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ,A_n @@ -4682,7 +4248,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4696,36 +4262,18 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + \backslash cdots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +A_n @@ -4733,7 +4281,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4747,7 +4295,7 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4758,7 +4306,7 @@ vdots \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4772,7 +4320,7 @@ vdots - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4783,7 +4331,7 @@ ddots \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4797,7 +4345,32 @@ ddots - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +iddots +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4810,14 +4383,15 @@ matrix with the different dots \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ -A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$ +A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm} +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -4836,7 +4410,7 @@ A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$ \begin_layout Standard The ellipses available in menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Special \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -4856,6 +4430,40 @@ ldots \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset +To use +\series bold + +\backslash +iddots +\series default +, one of the options +\family sans +Use mathdots package (automatically) +\family default + must be set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default +. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Using the option +\family sans +Use mathdots package +\family default + will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font + style or size is not the default. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. They are created with the command \series bold @@ -4864,7 +4472,7 @@ Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. hdotsfor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4906,16 +4514,20 @@ hdotsfor[2]{4} dots \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left(\begin{array}{cccc} A & B & C & D\\ \hdotsfor[2]{4}\\ -q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\] +q & w & e & r +\end{array}\right) +\] \end_inset Note that the matrix fields that should be spanned must be empty, otherwise - you get LaTeX-errors. + you get \SpecialChar LaTeX +-errors. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -4929,7 +4541,7 @@ Furthermore you can fill with the command dotfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4941,7 +4553,7 @@ dotfill \end_inset the rest of a line with dots. - The effect of these commands is the same like with + The effect of these commands is the same as with \series bold \backslash @@ -4950,7 +4562,7 @@ hfill , see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Variable-Space" +reference "subsec:Variable-Space" \end_inset @@ -4963,16 +4575,7 @@ For example the command A \backslash dotfill -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -4988,7 +4591,7 @@ B \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Analog to +Similar to \series bold \backslash @@ -5001,7 +4604,7 @@ dotfill hrulefill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5023,7 +4626,8 @@ hrulefill \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To use the commands for text, they have to be inserted in TeX-mode. +To use the commands for text, they have to be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -5035,7 +4639,7 @@ name "sec:Matrices" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5049,22 +4653,21 @@ Matrices \begin_layout Standard Matrices can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show mathmatrix" \end_inset or the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Matrix \family default . - You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows and the alignment. - The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline - formulas: + In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the + alignment and the decoration. + The vertical alignment is only of importance for matrices in inline formulas: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -5072,21 +4675,24 @@ The first matrix is top \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset , the second middle \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset and the third bottom \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset aligned. @@ -5123,8 +4729,8 @@ matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are lccr \series default . - Normally are in a matrix all columns centered, therefore the default is - for every column is a + Normally in a matrix all columns are centered, therefore the default for + every column is a \series bold c \series default @@ -5144,7 +4750,8 @@ lll \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5155,7 +4762,8 @@ ccc \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5166,7 +4774,8 @@ rrr \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -5175,17 +4784,15 @@ C & F & 10000\end{array}$ \begin_layout Standard To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset , -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" \end_inset , etc. @@ -5194,7 +4801,7 @@ To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons , or the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Rows & Columns \family default can be used. @@ -5211,7 +4818,12 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands +The +\family sans +Decoration +\family default + adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix. + Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands \series bold @@ -5219,7 +4831,7 @@ Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5237,7 +4849,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5259,7 +4871,7 @@ Parenthesis ), see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" +reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset @@ -5277,11 +4889,11 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5290,50 +4902,25 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash bmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5349,13 +4936,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{bmatrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5364,24 +4952,15 @@ matrix \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash Bmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5397,13 +4976,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5413,23 +4993,14 @@ matrix - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash pmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5445,13 +5016,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{pmatrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5471,11 +5043,11 @@ matrix \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5484,7 +5056,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5494,24 +5066,15 @@ Result \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash vmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5527,13 +5090,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{vmatrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5542,24 +5106,15 @@ matrix \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash Vmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5575,13 +5130,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5591,23 +5147,14 @@ matrix - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash matrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5623,13 +5170,14 @@ matrix \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc} +\begin_inset Formula $\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{matrix}$ \end_inset @@ -5669,6 +5217,10 @@ vmatrix \series default is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix is inserted. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -5682,7 +5234,7 @@ As all multiline formulas are matrices, the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5696,7 +5248,7 @@ arraycolsep that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Column-Separation" +reference "subsec:Column-Separation" \end_inset @@ -5711,7 +5263,7 @@ To change the row separation, the command arraystretch \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5734,7 +5286,7 @@ arraystretch renewcommand{ \backslash arraystretch}{stretch factor} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5789,7 +5341,7 @@ To set matrices into a text line, the command smallmatrix \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5808,7 +5360,8 @@ smallmatrix \begin_layout Standard This is a matrix \begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\ -C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ +C & D +\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \end_inset in a text line. @@ -5816,7 +5369,7 @@ C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \begin_layout Section Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5826,7 +5379,7 @@ Brackets \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5840,7 +5393,7 @@ Delimiters \begin_layout Subsection Vertical Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5859,11 +5412,11 @@ Brackets ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5872,7 +5425,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5883,7 +5436,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5892,7 +5445,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5906,7 +5459,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5915,7 +5468,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5929,7 +5482,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5938,7 +5491,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5952,7 +5505,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5963,7 +5516,7 @@ langle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5977,7 +5530,7 @@ langle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5988,7 +5541,7 @@ lceil \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6002,7 +5555,7 @@ lceil - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6013,7 +5566,7 @@ lfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6027,7 +5580,7 @@ lfloor - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6036,7 +5589,7 @@ lfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6050,7 +5603,7 @@ lfloor - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6059,7 +5612,7 @@ lfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6083,11 +5636,11 @@ lfloor \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6096,7 +5649,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6107,7 +5660,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6116,7 +5669,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6130,7 +5683,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6139,7 +5692,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6153,7 +5706,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6162,7 +5715,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6176,7 +5729,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6187,7 +5740,7 @@ rangle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6201,7 +5754,7 @@ rangle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6212,7 +5765,7 @@ rceil \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6226,7 +5779,7 @@ rceil - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6237,7 +5790,7 @@ rfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6251,7 +5804,7 @@ rfloor - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6264,7 +5817,7 @@ rfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6278,7 +5831,7 @@ rfloor - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6289,7 +5842,7 @@ rfloor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6324,14 +5877,15 @@ status open \series bold Note: \series default - In TeX-mode the command + In \SpecialChar TeX + mode the command \series bold \backslash textbackslash \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6350,7 +5904,7 @@ textbackslash \backslash \series default - produces there a line break. + produces a line break there. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -6381,12 +5935,12 @@ rangle Manual Bracket Size \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size" +name "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6399,14 +5953,15 @@ Bracket size ! manual \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The bracket size can be specified manually by the LaTeX-commands +The bracket size can be specified manually by the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-commands \series bold \backslash big \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6453,13 +6008,17 @@ Bigg \begin_layout Standard These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6476,7 +6035,7 @@ all brackets in the same size: \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}$ \end_inset @@ -6485,7 +6044,7 @@ all brackets in the same size: \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text @@ -6513,22 +6072,6 @@ this looks better: \end_inset -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6539,16 +6082,7 @@ For the second formula the command Big((A+B)(A-B) \backslash Big)^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C @@ -6558,6 +6092,10 @@ C \begin_layout Standard Here is an overview about all bracket sizes: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -6577,16 +6115,7 @@ big{ ln(3x) \backslash big}^2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -6594,29 +6123,11 @@ spce sin(x) \backslash Big]^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -6648,7 +6159,7 @@ big bigm \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6673,7 +6184,7 @@ bigl bigr \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6708,17 +6219,21 @@ r \begin_layout Standard In the following table is a comparison of the variants: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6727,34 +6242,18 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6767,34 +6266,21 @@ bigm( ln(3x) \backslash bigm)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Bigm) \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)$ \end_inset @@ -6803,8 +6289,8 @@ Bigm) \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6817,34 +6303,21 @@ big( ln(3x) \backslash big)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Big) \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)$ \end_inset @@ -6853,8 +6326,8 @@ Big) \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6867,34 +6340,21 @@ bigl( ln(3x) \backslash bigr)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Bigr) \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)$ \end_inset @@ -6903,8 +6363,8 @@ Bigr) \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6919,11 +6379,11 @@ bigr( \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr($ \end_inset @@ -6943,12 +6403,12 @@ bigr( Automatic Bracket Size \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" +name "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6968,7 +6428,7 @@ Brackets with variable size can be inserted with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6986,7 +6446,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6998,10 +6458,9 @@ right \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter" \end_inset . @@ -7019,6 +6478,10 @@ right \series default the wanted bracket must be inserted. The bracket size will then automatically be calculated for the output. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -7030,16 +6493,7 @@ normal bracket: The command ln( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7047,23 +6501,16 @@ A \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln(\frac{A}{C})\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln(\frac{A}{C}) +\] \end_inset @@ -7081,16 +6528,7 @@ ln left( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7098,16 +6536,7 @@ A \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -7115,8 +6544,10 @@ spce right) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right) +\] \end_inset @@ -7145,7 +6576,8 @@ Alt+M Bracket \family default can be used. - This has the advantage that you can see in LyX immediately the real bracket + This has the advantage that you can see in \SpecialChar LyX + immediately the real bracket size and that the matching right bracket will be created too. \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -7161,16 +6593,7 @@ ln Alt+M ( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7189,16 +6612,7 @@ To omit a left or right bracket, a dot is inserted for the omitted bracket. left. \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7206,16 +6620,7 @@ A \end_inset B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -7225,8 +6630,10 @@ right} creates: \series bold -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} +\] \end_inset @@ -7244,23 +6651,27 @@ left \backslash right \series default - will be converted by LyX to brackets in the right size when the document - is reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line. + will be converted by \SpecialChar LyX + to brackets in the right size when the document is + reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -Because all popular LaTeX-Distributions use eTeX, an extension to LaTeX, - the command +Because all popular \SpecialChar LaTeX + distributions use e\SpecialChar TeX +, an extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX +, the command + \series bold \backslash middle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7282,15 +6693,18 @@ g. \end_inset needed for physical vectors: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\:J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}\right\rangle +\] \end_inset -For physical vectors there is a special LaTeX-package, described in +For physical vectors there is a special \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package, described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Physical-Vectors" +reference "subsec:Physical-Vectors" \end_inset @@ -7299,7 +6713,7 @@ reference "sub:Physical-Vectors" \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Brackets -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7315,26 +6729,52 @@ Brackets ! horizontal \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Command -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout -\series bold +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. +overbrace +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +^3 +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! O ! +\backslash +overbrace \end_layout \end_inset @@ -7344,179 +6784,334 @@ raisebox \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{A+B}^{3}$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\backslash +underbrace +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset +A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_5 +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! U ! \backslash -raisebox{2.3mm}{ +underbrace \end_layout \end_inset -\backslash -overbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{A+B}_{5}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset - -A+B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\backslash +overbrace +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + \backslash -spce -\end_layout +underbrace +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +A+B_w +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_7 +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +C +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{\underbrace{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + + -3 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\end_inset -\begin_layout Plain Layout -} \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +In the last example it doesn't matter if +\series bold + +\backslash +overbrace +\series default + or +\series bold + +\backslash +underbrace +\series default + is inserted at first. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! O ! -\backslash -overbrace +Packages ! mathtools \end_layout +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +, you have access to square backets: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak \end_inset \end_layout -\end_inset - - +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{A+B}^{3}$ -\end_inset +Command +\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - \backslash -raisebox{-2.2mm}{ -\end_layout +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +overbracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset - -\backslash -underbrace -\begin_inset ERT +^3 +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout - - +Commands ! O ! \backslash -spce +overbracket \end_layout \end_inset -A+B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset - -_5 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{A+B}^{3}$ +\end_inset + -} \end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\backslash +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\begin_inset Index +_5 +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout Commands ! U ! \backslash -underbrace +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket \end_layout \end_inset @@ -7526,11 +7121,11 @@ underbrace \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{A+B}_{5}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket{A+B}_{5}$ \end_inset @@ -7540,115 +7135,209 @@ underbrace - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -overbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - +overbracket{ \backslash -spce -\end_layout +underbracket{A+B_w +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +_7 +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\backslash -underbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset +^ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\backslash -spce +C \end_layout \end_inset - -A+B_w -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{\underbracket{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + + +\end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +For +\series bold \backslash -spce -\end_layout +overbracket +\series default + and +\series bold +\backslash +underbracket +\series default + you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the + desired thickness in square brackets behind the command: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak \end_inset -_7 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text -\backslash -spce +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\backslash +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +overbracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +[3pt] \backslash -spce +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +^3 \end_layout \end_inset - -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket[3pt]{A+B}^{3}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text -C +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +[1pt] +\backslash +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_5 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{\underbrace{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket[1pt]{A+B}_{5}$ \end_inset @@ -7664,28 +7353,12 @@ C \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -In the last example it doesn't matter if -\series bold - -\backslash -overbrace -\series default - or -\series bold - -\backslash -underbrace -\series default - is inserted at first. -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -When brackets are needed that overlap each other, multiline formulas, as - described in +When brackets should overlap each other, multiline formulas, as described + in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas" @@ -7693,9 +7366,11 @@ reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset , must be used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} -A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\ - & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} +A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd\\ + & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s} +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7708,7 +7383,7 @@ status collapsed Space commands are explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Predefined-Space" +reference "subsec:Predefined-Space" \end_inset @@ -7744,10 +7419,10 @@ reference "sub:Predefined-Space" status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -because a bracket is not handled as character, see +because a bracket is not handled as a character, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Binary-Operators" +reference "subsec:Binary-Operators" \end_inset @@ -7783,7 +7458,7 @@ hphantom see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Placeholders" +reference "subsec:Placeholders" \end_inset @@ -7811,8 +7486,8 @@ hphantom{bbqq+dddd} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other, like in the following - example: +It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under + the formula, like in the following example: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -7828,9 +7503,11 @@ jot}{-6pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\ -A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7853,8 +7530,9 @@ The first formula row is the same as the second row of the previous example, with the difference that the brace is above. The second row contains the formula together with the second brace. To avoid that there is space between the upper brace in the first row and - the formula, the row spacing need to be reduced. - This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX + the formula, the row spacing needs to be reduced. + This is not easily possible due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX +. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -7871,15 +7549,14 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505" \end_inset -. - As solution for the problem, the global formula row separation + As a solution for the problem, the global formula row separation \series bold \backslash jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7902,7 +7579,8 @@ setlength{ \backslash jot}{-6pt} \series default - in TeX-mode. + in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \series bold @@ -7917,7 +7595,7 @@ pt using the same command. More about the row separation in formulas is explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Line-Separation" +reference "subsec:Line-Separation" \end_inset @@ -7926,7 +7604,7 @@ reference "sub:Line-Separation" \begin_layout Section Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7940,25 +7618,17 @@ Arrows \begin_layout Standard Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/leftarrow.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leftarrow" \end_inset or the commands listed in the following subsections. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7977,11 +7647,11 @@ Arrows ! horizontal \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7990,7 +7660,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8001,7 +7671,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8012,7 +7682,7 @@ gets \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8026,7 +7696,7 @@ gets - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8037,7 +7707,7 @@ Leftarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8051,7 +7721,7 @@ Leftarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8062,7 +7732,7 @@ longleftarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8076,7 +7746,7 @@ longleftarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8087,7 +7757,7 @@ Longleftarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8101,7 +7771,7 @@ Longleftarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8112,7 +7782,7 @@ leftharpoonup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8126,7 +7796,7 @@ leftharpoonup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8137,7 +7807,7 @@ leftharpoondown \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8151,7 +7821,7 @@ leftharpoondown - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8162,7 +7832,7 @@ hookleftarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8186,11 +7856,11 @@ hookleftarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8199,7 +7869,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8210,7 +7880,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8221,7 +7891,7 @@ to \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8235,7 +7905,7 @@ to - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8246,7 +7916,7 @@ Rightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8260,7 +7930,7 @@ Rightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8271,7 +7941,7 @@ longrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8285,7 +7955,7 @@ longrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8296,7 +7966,7 @@ Longrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8310,7 +7980,7 @@ Longrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8321,7 +7991,7 @@ rightharpoonup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8335,7 +8005,7 @@ rightharpoonup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8346,7 +8016,7 @@ rightharpoondown \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8360,7 +8030,7 @@ rightharpoondown - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8371,7 +8041,7 @@ hookrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8402,11 +8072,11 @@ hookrightarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8415,7 +8085,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8426,7 +8096,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8437,7 +8107,7 @@ leftrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8451,7 +8121,7 @@ leftrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8462,7 +8132,7 @@ Leftrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8476,7 +8146,7 @@ Leftrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8487,7 +8157,7 @@ longleftrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8501,7 +8171,7 @@ longleftrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8512,7 +8182,7 @@ Longleftrightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8526,7 +8196,7 @@ Longleftrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8537,7 +8207,7 @@ rightleftharpoons \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8566,11 +8236,11 @@ rightleftharpoons \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8579,7 +8249,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8590,7 +8260,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8601,7 +8271,7 @@ mapsto \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8615,7 +8285,7 @@ mapsto - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8626,7 +8296,7 @@ longmapsto \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8640,7 +8310,7 @@ longmapsto - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8651,7 +8321,7 @@ leadsto \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8665,7 +8335,7 @@ leadsto - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8676,7 +8346,7 @@ dasharrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8704,7 +8374,7 @@ dasharrow \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -Arrows used as accent like e. +Arrows used as accents like e. \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -8727,7 +8397,7 @@ reference "sec:Accents" \end_inset Furthermore there are the labeled arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8743,7 +8413,7 @@ Arrows ! labeled xleftarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8761,7 +8431,7 @@ xleftarrow xrightarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8795,11 +8465,11 @@ vspace{4mm} \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8808,70 +8478,357 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +F(a) +\backslash +xleftarrow +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\series bold +x=a +\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ +\end_inset +x>0 +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +F(x) +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +F(x) \backslash -raisebox +xrightarrow +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +x=a +\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ +\end_inset + +x>0 +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +F(a) +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools \series default - is only used as spacer. + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +, you have access to the following labeled arrows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} \end_inset +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -F(a) + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + \backslash -xleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +xleftrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + \backslash -spce +xLeftarrow \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -x=a -\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ \end_inset -x>0 -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ + +\end_layout + \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text -F(x) +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xRightarrow \end_layout \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xLeftrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + +\backslash +xhookleftarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ \end_inset @@ -8880,44 +8837,368 @@ F(x) \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + +\backslash +xhookrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -F(x) +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + \backslash -xrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftharpoondown +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + \backslash -spce + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftharpoonup \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -x=a -\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$ \end_inset -x>0 -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightharpoondown +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightharpoonup +\end_layout + \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftrightharpoons +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightleftharpoons +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The command scheme is for all these arrows: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout F(a) +\backslash +xleftrightarrow[x=a] +\backslash +{x>0 +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +F(x) \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)$ \end_inset @@ -8935,7 +9216,7 @@ F(a) \begin_layout Subsection Vertical and diagonal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8945,7 +9226,7 @@ Arrows ! diagonal \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8964,11 +9245,11 @@ Arrows ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8977,7 +9258,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8988,7 +9269,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8999,7 +9280,7 @@ uparrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9013,7 +9294,7 @@ uparrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9024,7 +9305,7 @@ Uparrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9038,7 +9319,7 @@ Uparrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9049,7 +9330,7 @@ updownarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9063,7 +9344,7 @@ updownarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9074,7 +9355,7 @@ Updownarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9088,7 +9369,7 @@ Updownarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9099,7 +9380,7 @@ Downarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9113,7 +9394,7 @@ Downarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9124,7 +9405,7 @@ downarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9148,11 +9429,11 @@ downarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9161,7 +9442,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9172,7 +9453,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9183,7 +9464,7 @@ nearrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9197,7 +9478,7 @@ nearrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9208,7 +9489,7 @@ searrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9222,7 +9503,7 @@ searrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9233,7 +9514,7 @@ swarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9247,7 +9528,7 @@ swarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9258,7 +9539,7 @@ nwarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9286,31 +9567,24 @@ nwarrow \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiter together with the commands +Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiters together with the commands described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size" +reference "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size" \end_inset and \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" +reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset . \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Accents \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -9320,7 +9594,7 @@ name "sec:Accents" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9334,10 +9608,9 @@ Accents \begin_layout Standard Accents can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/hat.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\hat" \end_inset or the commands listed in the following subsections. @@ -9365,7 +9638,7 @@ status collapsed accents in text see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Accents-in-Text" +reference "subsec:Accents-in-Text" \end_inset @@ -9391,17 +9664,25 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. +texorpdfstring +\series default + is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout More about +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is in section +texorpdfstring +\series default + is in section \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" +reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset @@ -9413,12 +9694,12 @@ reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Accents-for-one" +name "subsec:Accents-for-one" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9437,11 +9718,11 @@ Accents ! for one character \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9450,50 +9731,25 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash dot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9501,11 +9757,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dot{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dot{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9514,24 +9770,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9539,11 +9786,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9552,24 +9799,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash dddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9577,11 +9815,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dddot{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dddot{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9590,24 +9828,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ddddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9615,11 +9844,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ddddot{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9628,28 +9857,19 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash vec -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9663,11 +9883,11 @@ Vectors \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\vec{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9676,24 +9896,15 @@ Vectors \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash bar -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9701,11 +9912,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\bar{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9714,24 +9925,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash mathring -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9739,11 +9941,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mathring{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9763,11 +9965,11 @@ A \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9776,7 +9978,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9786,24 +9988,15 @@ Result \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash tilde -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9811,11 +10004,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9824,24 +10017,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash hat -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9849,11 +10033,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\hat{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\hat{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9862,24 +10046,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash check -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9887,11 +10062,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\check{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\check{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9900,24 +10075,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash acute -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9925,11 +10091,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\acute{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\acute{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9938,24 +10104,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash grave -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9963,11 +10120,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\grave{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\grave{A}$ \end_inset @@ -9976,24 +10133,15 @@ A \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash breve -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10001,11 +10149,11 @@ A \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\breve{A}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\breve{A}$ \end_inset @@ -10034,9 +10182,10 @@ A \begin_layout Standard You can directly insert accents like é to formulas. - LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command. + \SpecialChar LyX + will transform them to the corresponding accent command. For umlauts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10046,7 +10195,8 @@ Umlauts \end_inset it is better to insert a quotation mark before the vowel. - These two characters are then treated by LaTeX as + These two characters are then treated by \SpecialChar LaTeX + as \emph on one \emph default @@ -10079,11 +10229,11 @@ real \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10092,43 +10242,21 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - and the 0 -\begin_inset space \thinspace{} -\end_inset - -pt space are only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\lang ngerman \begin_inset Quotes grd \end_inset @@ -10137,7 +10265,7 @@ i \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10157,24 +10285,15 @@ i \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset i @@ -10182,11 +10301,11 @@ i \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{i}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{i}$ \end_inset @@ -10237,160 +10356,126 @@ In mathematical text, umlauts and other accented characters can directly be inserted. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Accents for Operators -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Accents ! for operators -\end_layout - +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -With the commands +\SpecialChar LyX + also supports a tilde under the character if the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold - -\backslash -overset +undertilde \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! O ! -\backslash -overset +Packages ! undertilde \end_layout \end_inset - and -\series bold - -\backslash -underset -\series default + is installed on your system: +\end_layout -\begin_inset Index +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! U ! + + \backslash -underset +ifundertilde \end_layout \end_inset - characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively, to accent - it. - With the command -\series bold -\backslash -sideset -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed +\begin_inset Note Note +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! S ! -\backslash -sideset +The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package +\series bold +undertilde +\series default + is installed. \end_layout \end_inset - characters can be set before and behind an operator. - The command scheme is: -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset -\series bold -\backslash -sideset{character -\series default - -\series bold -before}{character -\series default - -\series bold -behind} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text -\series bold +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout -\backslash -sideset -\series default - must always be before the operator that should be accented. - You can accent with several characters and even with other operators and - symbols. - To place with -\series bold +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -\backslash -sideset -\series default - for example only characters behind an operator, write nothing between the - first braces but don't omit the braces. +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -For example the command -\series bold - -\backslash -sideset{ -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -{ -\series default -' -\series bold - -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +utilde +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +A +\end_layout -\backslash -sum_k=1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\utilde{A}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset - - -\series default -^ -\series bold -n -\series default - produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\] + + + \end_inset @@ -10398,11 +10483,6 @@ n \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The command -\series bold - -\backslash -overset \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -10410,66 +10490,64 @@ status collapsed \backslash -spce +else \end_layout \end_inset -\backslash -maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Note Note +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce +The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package +\series bold +undertilde +\series default + is not installed: \end_layout \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package +\series bold +undertilde \series default + to see the rest of this subsection in the output. +\end_layout -\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$ -\end_inset +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed +\begin_layout Plain Layout -\series bold -a -\series default - produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\overset{a}{\maltese}\] + +\backslash +fi +\end_layout \end_inset -As seen in the last example, with -\series bold -\backslash -overset -\series default - and -\series bold +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset -\backslash -underset -\series default - also symbols and characters can be accented; with -\series bold -\backslash -sideset -\series default - this is not possible. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Accents for several Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10488,7 +10566,7 @@ Accents ! for several characters \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10506,45 +10584,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash overleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10552,11 +10605,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\overleftarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10565,24 +10618,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash underleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10590,11 +10634,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underleftarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10603,24 +10647,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash overleftrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10628,11 +10663,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\overleftrightarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10641,24 +10676,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash underleftrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10670,7 +10696,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underleftrightarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10690,7 +10716,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10713,24 +10739,15 @@ Result \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash overrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10738,11 +10755,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10751,24 +10768,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash underrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10776,11 +10784,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\underrightarrow{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10789,24 +10797,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash widetilde -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10814,11 +10813,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\widetilde{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10827,24 +10826,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash widehat -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10856,7 +10846,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\widehat{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -10895,8 +10885,10 @@ widehat \series default will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown in the following example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\widetilde{A+B=C-D} +\] \end_inset @@ -10911,7 +10903,7 @@ With the commands overset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10929,7 +10921,7 @@ overset underset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10947,16 +10939,7 @@ underset \backslash underset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10966,8 +10949,10 @@ A=B *** \series default creates: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\underset{***}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\underset{***}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -10978,12 +10963,12 @@ A=B Space \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Space" +name "subsec:Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10999,12 +10984,12 @@ Space ! horizontal Predefined Space \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Predefined-Space" +name "subsec:Predefined-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11017,11 +11002,11 @@ Space ! horizontal ! predefined \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space to a formula. +Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space into a formula. This is done by inserting a protected space (shortcut \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" -arg "space-insert protected" +arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space" \end_inset ). @@ -11032,16 +11017,7 @@ arg "space-insert protected" \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11056,10 +11032,9 @@ Space \family default several times one can select one of eight different space sizes. The spaces can also be inserted using the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/space.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\space" \end_inset or special commands. @@ -11069,27 +11044,23 @@ Space Space \family default afterwards. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \noindent \align center -\begin_inset VSpace -5mm -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11098,7 +11069,31 @@ Command \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Number of +\family sans +Space +\family default + keystrokes +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11109,7 +11104,30 @@ Command \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\,B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11120,7 +11138,30 @@ Command \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +1 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\:B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11131,7 +11172,30 @@ Command \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\;B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11142,7 +11206,30 @@ quad \end_inset - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11153,20 +11240,54 @@ qquad \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$ +\end_inset + -\backslash -! \end_layout \end_inset + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11174,93 +11295,115 @@ Number of \family sans Space \family default - keystrokes after inserting the protected space + keystrokes \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -0 +Result \end_layout \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -1 + +\backslash +hfill \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -2 +5 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -3 +\begin_inset Formula $A\hfill B$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -4 + +\backslash +hspace*{1em} \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -5 +6 \end_layout \end_inset - - - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace*{1em}B$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$ -\end_inset +\backslash +hspace{1em} +\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +7 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$ +\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{1em}B$ \end_inset @@ -11268,11 +11411,16 @@ Result \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$ + +\backslash + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11280,11 +11428,20 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$ +8 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\ B$ \end_inset @@ -11292,23 +11449,33 @@ Result \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$ -\end_inset +\backslash +! +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +9 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\! B$ +\begin_inset Formula $A\!B$ \end_inset @@ -11325,17 +11492,46 @@ Result \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The last size seem to produce no space. - It is displayed red in LyX contrary to the other sizes, because it is a - negative space. +Space +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +5 +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +– +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +7 are variable spaces which are explained in +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Variable-Space" + +\end_inset + +. + Space +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +9 seems to produce no space. + It is displayed red in \SpecialChar LyX + contrary to the other sizes, because it is a negative + space. There are two more negative spaces: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11390,7 +11586,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -6 +10 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11399,7 +11595,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -7 +11 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11449,7 +11645,7 @@ Result \begin_layout Standard Negative spaces can lead to characters overlapping each other. - Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, what is e. + Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, which are e. \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -11457,16 +11653,20 @@ g. \begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset -useful for summation operators: +useful for summation operators: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -11482,29 +11682,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11513,16 +11697,7 @@ raisebox sum \backslash sum -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset f_kl @@ -11530,11 +11705,11 @@ f_kl \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\sum\sum f_{kl}$ \end_inset @@ -11544,7 +11719,7 @@ f_kl - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11555,16 +11730,7 @@ sum negmedspace \backslash sum -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset f_kl @@ -11572,11 +11738,11 @@ f_kl \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}$ \end_inset @@ -11593,16 +11759,30 @@ f_kl \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\noindent Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. - To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a TeX-brace. + To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a \SpecialChar TeX + brace. The following example demonstrates this: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11633,25 +11813,6 @@ normal equation \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}$ -\end_inset - equation without space \end_layout @@ -11694,12 +11855,16 @@ B \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard Spaces are needed for physical units, because the space between the value and the unit is the smallest one and not a normal space. For units in text, the smallest space is inserted via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator Thin \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -11722,9 +11887,9 @@ An example to visualize the difference: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -11806,7 +11971,7 @@ status collapsed for vertical space in formulas see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Line-Separation" +reference "subsec:Line-Separation" \end_inset @@ -11842,7 +12007,7 @@ More about texorpdfstring is in section \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" +reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset @@ -11854,12 +12019,12 @@ reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Variable-Space" +name "subsec:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11879,7 +12044,7 @@ Space with a defined length can be inserted with the command hspace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11898,16 +12063,7 @@ hspace \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11924,16 +12080,38 @@ spce \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\color inherit + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + The length may also be negative. + When a space would be the first character in a line it would be omitted. + To force its output use the command +\series bold \backslash -spce -\end_layout +hspace* +\series default + instead of +\series bold +\backslash +hspace +\series default + or left-click on the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + + +\color blue + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11942,17 +12120,22 @@ spce \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset + and check the option +\family sans +Protect +\family default . - The length may also be negative. - To insert so many space that the formula uses all available space, the - command +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +To insert as much space as is available, the command \series bold \backslash hfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11966,20 +12149,13 @@ hfill is used. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset VSpace -1mm -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -12003,27 +12179,14 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A=B \backslash hspace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -12037,7 +12200,7 @@ cm) \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12051,27 +12214,14 @@ cm) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A \backslash hspace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -12085,7 +12235,7 @@ mm) \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12106,16 +12256,7 @@ mm) A=A \backslash hfill -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B=B @@ -12198,7 +12339,7 @@ hrulefill that fill the space with a pattern, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Ellipses" +reference "subsec:Ellipses" \end_inset @@ -12208,8 +12349,8 @@ reference "sub:Ellipses" \begin_layout Standard For text, variable space can be inserted via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator Horizontal \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -12242,7 +12383,7 @@ maximum space. \begin_layout Subsection Space besides inline Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12263,7 +12404,7 @@ The space that surrounds inline formulas can be adjusted with the length mathsurround \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12282,7 +12423,7 @@ mathsurround setlength \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12293,7 +12434,7 @@ setlength \end_inset - that has the following scheme: + which has the following scheme: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -12329,7 +12470,8 @@ mathsurround}{5mm} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -is inserted in TeX-mode. +is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. 5 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -12393,9 +12535,16 @@ mathsurround pt. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Section Boxes and Frames -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12405,7 +12554,7 @@ Boxes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12459,12 +12608,12 @@ Objects Boxes with Frame \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame" +name "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12477,14 +12626,14 @@ Boxes ! with frame \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -It is possible to frame formulas or parts of it with the commands +It is possible to frame a formula or part of one with the commands \series bold \backslash fbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12502,7 +12651,7 @@ fbox boxed \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12517,7 +12666,7 @@ boxed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -When one of these commands is inserted to a formula, a blue box appears +When one of these commands is inserted in a formula, a blue box appears within a frame to enter formula parts. For \series bold @@ -12560,20 +12709,20 @@ boxed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -As extension to +An extension to \series bold \backslash fbox \series default - there is the command + is the command \series bold \backslash framebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12625,7 +12774,7 @@ r \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -Is no width given, also no position can be given. +If no width is given, also no position can be given. In this case the frame width is adjusted to the box content like for \series bold @@ -12652,15 +12801,19 @@ framebox fbox \series default . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -12676,45 +12829,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -12724,16 +12852,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -12741,11 +12860,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}$ \end_inset @@ -12754,39 +12873,21 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash boxed -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -12794,11 +12895,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox{-6.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\boxed{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -12807,24 +12908,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A+ \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -12832,11 +12924,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $A+\fbox{B}$ \end_inset @@ -12845,24 +12937,15 @@ B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash framebox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 20mm @@ -12880,16 +12963,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -12901,22 +12975,14 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}$ -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Formula $\framebox[20mm][]{\ensuremath{\frac{A}{B}}}$ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset @@ -12931,8 +12997,9 @@ B \begin_layout Standard The frame thickness can also be adjusted. - To do this the following commands have to be inserted in TeX-mode before - the formula + To do this the following commands have to be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before the + formula \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -12999,8 +13066,10 @@ fboxsep 3mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boxed{A+B=C}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boxed{A+B=C} +\] \end_inset @@ -13030,7 +13099,8 @@ fboxsep \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -were inserted in TeX-mode. +were inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The given values are used for all following boxes. \end_layout @@ -13078,19 +13148,20 @@ fboxsep 3pt \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -is inserted in TeX-mode before the next formula. +is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before the next formula. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Boxes without Frame \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" +name "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13110,7 +13181,7 @@ For boxes without a frame there are the following box commands: mbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13128,7 +13199,7 @@ mbox makebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13146,7 +13217,7 @@ makebox raisebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13217,7 +13288,8 @@ raisebox \family sans Ctrl+M \family default - twice instead of once because LyX doesn't yet support + twice instead of once because \SpecialChar LyX + doesn't yet support \series bold \backslash @@ -13229,15 +13301,21 @@ raisebox \end_inset +\series default + +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -13259,7 +13337,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13280,7 +13358,7 @@ raisebox{2mm \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13294,7 +13372,7 @@ raisebox{2mm - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13315,7 +13393,7 @@ lo \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13352,16 +13430,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash sqrt -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -13421,12 +13490,12 @@ framebox Colored Boxes \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Colored-Boxes" +name "subsec:Colored-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13439,8 +13508,8 @@ Boxes ! colored \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To be able to use all commands explained in this section, the LaTeX-package - +To be able to use all commands explained in this section, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold color \series default @@ -13449,17 +13518,19 @@ color status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -The LaTeX-package +The \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold color \series default - is part of every LaTeX standard installation. + is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13468,19 +13539,22 @@ Packages ! color \end_inset - has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line + has to be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble with the line \begin_inset Foot status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout When text is colored somewhere in the document with a predefined color, - LyX loads the LaTeX-package + \SpecialChar LyX + loads the \SpecialChar LaTeX + package \series bold color \series default automatically. - Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice, but this doesn't - arise problems. + Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice, but this does not + cause problems. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -13490,8 +13564,8 @@ color status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the LaTeX-pre -amble. +To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -13518,7 +13592,7 @@ To color boxes, the command colorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13610,15 +13684,21 @@ white and \series bold yellow +\series default + +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -13634,29 +13714,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13673,11 +13737,11 @@ colorbox{yellow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -13686,8 +13750,8 @@ colorbox{yellow \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13702,16 +13766,7 @@ colorbox{green { \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -13719,11 +13774,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}$ \end_inset @@ -13732,24 +13787,15 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -13771,16 +13817,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C=D @@ -13788,11 +13825,11 @@ C=D \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}\raisebox{-5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}$ \end_inset @@ -13816,7 +13853,7 @@ C=D colorbox \series default only colors the box but not the characters in the box. - To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the wanted + To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the desired color is chosen in the \family sans Text @@ -13827,24 +13864,23 @@ Style \family default dialog. The dialog can be called with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show character" \end_inset or the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Text \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Style\SpecialChar menuseparator Customized \family default . - The formula number has then the same color as the formula. + The formula number then has the same color as the formula. When the formula number should get another color than the formula characters, the color must be changed within the formula. \end_layout @@ -13856,16 +13892,20 @@ An example: \begin_layout Standard \color red -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A=B\label{eq:red} +\end{equation} \end_inset \color green -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -13906,7 +13946,7 @@ To color the frame different than the rest of the box, the command fcolorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13977,8 +14017,10 @@ fboxsep 1mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -14046,7 +14088,8 @@ darkgreen \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - with the LaTeX-preamble line: + with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -14069,7 +14112,7 @@ definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0.5} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14160,8 +14203,10 @@ darkgreen yellow \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14177,7 +14222,7 @@ Self-defined colors can also be used for text with the help of the command textcolor \series default : -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14232,7 +14277,7 @@ status collapsed textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14256,12 +14301,12 @@ textcolor{color}{characters to color} Paragraph Boxes \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" +name "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14274,17 +14319,16 @@ Boxes ! as paragraph \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs, a so called paragraph +A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs, a so-called paragraph box (parbox), can be created with the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Box \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/box-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "box-insert" \end_inset . @@ -14305,10 +14349,16 @@ hor_pos "c" has_inner_box 1 inner_pos "t" use_parbox 1 +use_makebox 0 width "5cm" special "none" height "1in" height_special "totalheight" +thickness "0.4pt" +separation "3pt" +shadowsize "4pt" +framecolor "black" +backgroundcolor "none" status open \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14343,7 +14393,7 @@ Such a box is created by right-clicking on the gray box inset. \emph on Decoration \emph default -: Recangular box, +: Rectangular box, \emph on Inner Box \emph default @@ -14366,14 +14416,15 @@ Vertical Box Alignment \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -In LaTeX a parbox is created with the command +In \SpecialChar LaTeX + a parbox is created with the command \series bold \backslash parbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14384,7 +14435,7 @@ parbox \end_inset - that has the following scheme: + which has the following scheme: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -14409,13 +14460,29 @@ t \emph on b \emph default - for bottom means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with - its last line. + for +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +bottom +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with its last + line. With \emph on t \emph default - for top this is done with the first line. + for +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +top +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + this is done with the first line. When no position is given, the box will be vertically centered, see section \emph on @@ -14452,7 +14519,8 @@ fboxsep-2 \backslash fboxrule}{ \series default - is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula. + is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before the formula. \series bold @@ -14460,7 +14528,7 @@ fboxrule}{ linewidth \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14478,7 +14546,8 @@ linewidth times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from the line width. - As this is not automatically done by LyX due to a bug + As this is not automatically done by \SpecialChar LyX + due to a bug \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -14495,8 +14564,10 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4483" \end_inset -, TeX-mode has to be used. - To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the LaTeX-package +, \SpecialChar TeX + mode has to be used. + To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold calc \series default @@ -14509,13 +14580,14 @@ status collapsed \series bold calc \series default - is part of every LaTeX standard installation. + is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14524,7 +14596,8 @@ Packages ! calc \end_inset - must be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line + must be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble with the line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -14540,7 +14613,8 @@ Behind the formula both boxes are closed by entering \series bold }} \series default - in TeX-mode. + in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. Here is an example: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -14581,8 +14655,10 @@ fboxrule}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14619,7 +14695,7 @@ fboxsep 3pt \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -As a parbox is used as argument of +As a parbox is used as the argument of \series bold \backslash @@ -14667,7 +14743,7 @@ tag see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering" +reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering" \end_inset @@ -14719,8 +14795,10 @@ status collapsed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Such a formula must be inserted completely in TeX-mode because LyX does - not yet support the command +Such a formula must be inserted completely in \SpecialChar TeX + mode because \SpecialChar LyX + does not yet + support the command \series bold \backslash @@ -14743,7 +14821,8 @@ tag* \backslash parbox{5cm}{ \series default - is inserted in TeX-mode. + is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -14785,7 +14864,8 @@ reference "sec:Formula-Styles" \backslash ] \series default - is inserted in TeX-mode. + is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The commands \series bold @@ -14817,8 +14897,10 @@ commented \end_inset using the mathematical textmode: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...} +\] \end_inset @@ -14827,7 +14909,7 @@ commented \begin_layout Section Operators -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14843,12 +14925,12 @@ Operators Big Operators \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Big-Operators" +name "subsec:Big-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14858,7 +14940,7 @@ Operators ! big \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14868,7 +14950,7 @@ Sums \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14903,7 +14985,7 @@ Options \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -14927,14 +15009,14 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash int -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14950,7 +15032,7 @@ int \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14964,7 +15046,7 @@ int - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14975,7 +15057,7 @@ oint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14989,7 +15071,7 @@ oint - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15000,7 +15082,7 @@ ointctrclockwise \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15014,7 +15096,7 @@ ointctrclockwise - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15025,7 +15107,7 @@ ointclockwise \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15039,7 +15121,7 @@ ointclockwise - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15050,7 +15132,7 @@ sqint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15064,7 +15146,7 @@ sqint - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15075,7 +15157,7 @@ fint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15090,7 +15172,7 @@ fint - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15101,7 +15183,7 @@ landupint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15116,7 +15198,7 @@ landupint - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15127,7 +15209,7 @@ landdownint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15142,7 +15224,7 @@ landdownint - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15153,7 +15235,7 @@ bigcap \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15167,7 +15249,7 @@ bigcap - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15178,7 +15260,7 @@ bigcup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15202,7 +15284,7 @@ bigcup \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15226,14 +15308,14 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash sum -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15249,7 +15331,7 @@ sum \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15263,20 +15345,33 @@ sum - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash prod -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout Commands ! P ! \backslash prod +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -15286,7 +15381,7 @@ prod \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15300,7 +15395,7 @@ prod - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15311,7 +15406,7 @@ coprod \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15325,7 +15420,7 @@ coprod - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15336,7 +15431,7 @@ bigodot \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15350,7 +15445,7 @@ bigodot - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15361,7 +15456,7 @@ bigotimes \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15375,7 +15470,7 @@ bigotimes - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15386,7 +15481,7 @@ bigoplus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15400,7 +15495,7 @@ bigoplus - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15411,7 +15506,7 @@ bigwedge \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15425,7 +15520,7 @@ bigwedge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15436,7 +15531,7 @@ bigvee \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15450,7 +15545,7 @@ bigvee - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15461,7 +15556,7 @@ bigsqcup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15475,7 +15570,7 @@ bigsqcup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15486,7 +15581,7 @@ biguplus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15512,10 +15607,9 @@ biguplus \begin_layout Standard All big operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/intop.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\intop" \end_inset . @@ -15528,7 +15622,7 @@ The operators are called big because they are bigger than the sometimes \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending on +For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending in \series bold op @@ -15559,7 +15653,7 @@ int in the style the operator limits are displayed, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Operator-Limits" +reference "subsec:Operator-Limits" \end_inset @@ -15599,7 +15693,7 @@ Font styles see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Styles" +reference "subsec:Font-Styles" \end_inset @@ -15627,14 +15721,11 @@ incorrect: \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -hphantom{in} +in \end_layout \end_inset @@ -15661,9 +15752,9 @@ For multiple integrals there are the following commands: \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -15679,29 +15770,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15712,11 +15787,11 @@ iint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\iint$ \end_inset @@ -15725,8 +15800,8 @@ iint \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15737,11 +15812,11 @@ oiint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\oiint$ \end_inset @@ -15750,8 +15825,8 @@ oiint \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15762,11 +15837,11 @@ sqiint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\sqiint$ \end_inset @@ -15786,9 +15861,9 @@ sqiint \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -15809,8 +15884,8 @@ Result \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15821,11 +15896,11 @@ iiint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\iiint$ \end_inset @@ -15834,8 +15909,8 @@ iiint \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15846,11 +15921,11 @@ iiiint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\iiiint$ \end_inset @@ -15859,8 +15934,8 @@ iiiint \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15871,11 +15946,11 @@ dotsint \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\dotsint$ \end_inset @@ -15899,12 +15974,12 @@ dotsint Operator Limits \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Operator-Limits" +name "subsec:Operator-Limits" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15918,13 +15993,17 @@ Operators ! Limits \begin_layout Standard Limits are created by super- and subscripts: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15942,29 +16021,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15973,16 +16036,7 @@ raisebox prod^ \backslash infty -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -15998,11 +16052,11 @@ A(x) \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)$ \end_inset @@ -16029,8 +16083,8 @@ To force that the limits are set beside the operator, the cursor is set directly behind the operator and the limits type is changed with the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Change Limits Type \family default to @@ -16050,49 +16104,373 @@ arg "math-limits" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The default limits type is this: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\] - +The default limits type is this: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] + +\end_inset + +This is how it looks when the limits type was changed to +\family sans +\series bold +Inline +\family default +\series default +: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] + +\end_inset + +For integrals, except those ending with +\series bold +op +\series default + like +\series bold + +\backslash +intop +\series default +, +\series bold + +\backslash +ointop +\series default + etc., the limits are by default set beside the operator. + But for multiple integrals the limits are often set below the operator. + In the following example the limits type was therefore set to +\series bold +Display +\series default + and so set below the integrals: +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt} +\end{equation} + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + +To specify conditions for limits, the commands +\series bold + +\backslash +subarray +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +subarray +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + and +\series bold + +\backslash +substack +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +substack +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + are used. + To create for example this expression +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c} +0 - + @@ -16516,7 +16889,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16525,7 +16898,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16539,7 +16912,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16548,7 +16921,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16562,7 +16935,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16573,7 +16946,7 @@ pm \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16587,7 +16960,7 @@ pm - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16598,7 +16971,7 @@ mp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16612,7 +16985,7 @@ mp - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16623,7 +16996,7 @@ cdot \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16637,7 +17010,7 @@ cdot - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16648,7 +17021,7 @@ times \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16662,7 +17035,7 @@ times - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16673,7 +17046,7 @@ div \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16687,7 +17060,7 @@ div - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16719,7 +17092,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16733,7 +17106,7 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16744,7 +17117,7 @@ star \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16758,7 +17131,7 @@ star - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16769,7 +17142,7 @@ circ \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16783,7 +17156,7 @@ circ - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16794,7 +17167,7 @@ diamond \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16808,7 +17181,7 @@ diamond - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16819,7 +17192,7 @@ bullet \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16843,7 +17216,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -16867,7 +17240,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16878,7 +17251,7 @@ nabla \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16892,7 +17265,7 @@ nabla - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16903,7 +17276,7 @@ bigtriangledown \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16917,7 +17290,7 @@ bigtriangledown - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16928,7 +17301,7 @@ bigtriangleup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16942,7 +17315,7 @@ bigtriangleup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16953,7 +17326,7 @@ Box \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16967,7 +17340,7 @@ Box - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16978,7 +17351,7 @@ cap \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16992,7 +17365,7 @@ cap - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17003,7 +17376,7 @@ cup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17017,7 +17390,7 @@ cup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17028,7 +17401,7 @@ dagger \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17042,7 +17415,7 @@ dagger - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17053,7 +17426,7 @@ ddagger \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17067,7 +17440,7 @@ ddagger - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17078,7 +17451,7 @@ wr \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17092,7 +17465,7 @@ wr - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17103,7 +17476,7 @@ bigcirc \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17117,7 +17490,7 @@ bigcirc - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17128,7 +17501,7 @@ wedge \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17142,7 +17515,7 @@ wedge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17153,7 +17526,7 @@ vee \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17177,7 +17550,7 @@ vee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17201,7 +17574,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17212,7 +17585,7 @@ oplus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17226,7 +17599,7 @@ oplus - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17237,7 +17610,7 @@ ominus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17251,7 +17624,7 @@ ominus - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17262,7 +17635,7 @@ otimes \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17276,7 +17649,7 @@ otimes - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17287,7 +17660,7 @@ oslash \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17301,7 +17674,7 @@ oslash - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17312,7 +17685,7 @@ odot \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17326,7 +17699,7 @@ odot - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17337,7 +17710,7 @@ amalg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17351,7 +17724,7 @@ amalg - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17362,7 +17735,7 @@ uplus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17376,7 +17749,7 @@ uplus - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17387,7 +17760,7 @@ setminus \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17401,7 +17774,7 @@ setminus - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17412,7 +17785,7 @@ sqcap \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17426,7 +17799,7 @@ sqcap - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17437,7 +17810,7 @@ sqcup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17451,7 +17824,7 @@ sqcup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17462,7 +17835,7 @@ triangleleft \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17476,7 +17849,7 @@ triangleleft - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17487,7 +17860,7 @@ triangleright \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17505,18 +17878,13 @@ triangleright \end_inset -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard All binary operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/pm.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\pm" \end_inset . @@ -17559,7 +17927,7 @@ Menu Separator \family default from the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Special Character \family default is the operator @@ -17575,12 +17943,12 @@ triangleright Self-defined Operators \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Self-defined-Operators" +name "subsec:Self-defined-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17600,7 +17968,7 @@ With the help of the command DeclareMathOperator \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17613,7 +17981,8 @@ DeclareMathOperator \end_inset - custom operators can be defined in the LaTeX-preamble. + custom operators can be defined in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble. Its command scheme is: \end_layout @@ -17632,7 +18001,7 @@ Display can be characters or symbols that define how the operator looks All self-defined big operators can have limits as described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Operator-Limits" +reference "subsec:Operator-Limits" \end_inset @@ -17640,7 +18009,8 @@ reference "sub:Operator-Limits" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -For example the LaTeX-preamble line +For example the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -17665,13 +18035,15 @@ Lozenge , that inserts a big operator consisting of the lozenge symbol from \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" +reference "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty} +\] \end_inset @@ -17704,7 +18076,7 @@ When self-defined operators are not used several times in the document, mathop \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17722,7 +18094,7 @@ mathop mathbin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17785,8 +18157,10 @@ be used to use one limit for several operators: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N} +\] \end_inset @@ -17811,16 +18185,7 @@ negmedspace sum \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -17832,16 +18197,7 @@ spce ^N \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -17851,7 +18207,7 @@ _i,j=1 \begin_layout Section Fonts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17867,12 +18223,12 @@ Fonts Font Styles \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Font-Styles" +name "subsec:Font-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17886,35 +18242,25 @@ Font ! style \begin_layout Standard Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles: -\begin_inset VSpace -2mm -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout -\end_inset - +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Command \end_layout \end_inset @@ -17923,14 +18269,14 @@ Result \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -shortcut +Result \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17939,16 +18285,7 @@ shortcut mathbb \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -17958,7 +18295,7 @@ ABC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17966,27 +18303,13 @@ ABC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-noun" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17995,16 +18318,7 @@ arg "font-noun" mathbf \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18014,7 +18328,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18022,27 +18336,13 @@ AbC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-bold" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18051,16 +18351,7 @@ arg "font-bold" boldsymbol \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18070,7 +18361,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18078,27 +18369,13 @@ AbC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcuts" -arg "font-boldsymbol" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18107,16 +18384,7 @@ arg "font-boldsymbol" mathcal \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18126,7 +18394,7 @@ ABC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18134,27 +18402,13 @@ ABC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-emph" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18163,16 +18417,7 @@ arg "font-emph" mathfrak \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18182,7 +18427,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18192,15 +18437,6 @@ AbC \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -- -\end_layout - \end_inset @@ -18209,16 +18445,15 @@ AbC \end_inset -\end_layout +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + -\begin_layout Standard -\align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - - - + + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -18227,29 +18462,20 @@ AbC Command \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Result -\end_layout - \end_inset \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -shortcut +Result \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18258,16 +18484,7 @@ shortcut mathit \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18277,7 +18494,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18287,20 +18504,11 @@ AbC \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -- -\end_layout - \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18309,16 +18517,7 @@ AbC mathrm \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18328,7 +18527,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18336,27 +18535,13 @@ AbC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-roman" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18365,16 +18550,7 @@ arg "font-roman" mathsf \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18384,7 +18560,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18392,27 +18568,13 @@ AbC \end_inset -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-sans" -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18421,44 +18583,54 @@ arg "font-sans" mathtt \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\backslash -spce +\series default +AbC \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{AbC}$ +\end_inset -\series default -AbC \end_layout \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{AbC}$ + +\backslash +mathscr +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +\series default +ABC \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" -arg "font-typewriter" +\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{ABC}$ \end_inset @@ -18472,6 +18644,10 @@ arg "font-typewriter" \end_inset +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -18489,11 +18665,17 @@ Note: \backslash mathbb \series default - and +, \series bold \backslash mathcal +\series default + and +\series bold + +\backslash +mathscr \series default can only be used for big letters. \end_layout @@ -18515,8 +18697,10 @@ mathnormal \begin_layout Standard The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18533,7 +18717,8 @@ textrm \series default . That their style can't be set correctly via the text style dialog is a - bug in LyX. + bug in \SpecialChar LyX +. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -18556,15 +18741,14 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4629" \begin_layout Standard Instead of the style commands the dialog \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Text Style \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/font.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\font" \end_inset can be used. @@ -18574,12 +18758,12 @@ Text Style Bold Formulas \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Bold-Formulas" +name "subsec:Bold-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18605,8 +18789,10 @@ mathbf \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf} +\] \end_inset @@ -18621,8 +18807,10 @@ To display the formula correctly, the command boldsymbol \series default is used: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18638,7 +18826,7 @@ boldmath environment boldmath \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18649,7 +18837,8 @@ boldmath \end_inset - in TeX-mode. + in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. To end the environment, the command \series bold @@ -18657,7 +18846,7 @@ boldmath unboldmath \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18668,7 +18857,8 @@ unboldmath \end_inset - is inserted in TeX-mode. + is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -18682,8 +18872,10 @@ boldmath \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment} +\] \end_inset @@ -18705,7 +18897,7 @@ unboldmath \begin_layout Subsection Colored Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18725,8 +18917,10 @@ Text Style \family default dialog. Here is a formula in magenta: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18737,19 +18931,20 @@ Text Style You can also define your own colors as described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Colored-Boxes" +reference "subsec:Colored-Boxes" \end_inset . - They can be used with the TeX code command + They can be used with the \SpecialChar TeX + code command \series bold \backslash textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18789,8 +18984,10 @@ textcolor{darkgreen}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\] \end_inset @@ -18809,7 +19006,8 @@ status collapsed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Due to a bug in LyX only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined +Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX + only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined colors. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -18834,12 +19032,12 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/5269" Font Sizes \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Font-Sizes" +name "subsec:Font-Sizes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18923,8 +19121,8 @@ tiny \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, that - corresponds with the command +The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, which + corresponds to the command \series bold \backslash @@ -18960,7 +19158,8 @@ huge \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size +A size command is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before the formula and sets the size for all following formula and text characters. To switch back to the initial size, the command \series bold @@ -18968,18 +19167,23 @@ A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size \backslash normalsize \series default - is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode. + is inserted behind the formula in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage +Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands + or the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\style" \end_inset +: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -18987,9 +19191,9 @@ Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -19005,36 +19209,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash displaystyle -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19050,11 +19238,11 @@ displaystyle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6.5mm}{}{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-5.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$ \end_inset @@ -19063,8 +19251,8 @@ displaystyle \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19075,11 +19263,11 @@ textstyle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$ \end_inset @@ -19089,7 +19277,7 @@ textstyle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19100,11 +19288,11 @@ scriptstyle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$ \end_inset @@ -19114,7 +19302,7 @@ scriptstyle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19125,11 +19313,11 @@ scriptscriptstyle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$ \end_inset @@ -19178,14 +19366,18 @@ huge \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese +\] \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}} +\] \end_inset @@ -19225,61 +19417,25 @@ huge \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A Alt+M M \backslash Large -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash textit -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -19306,46 +19462,19 @@ Alt+M M \backslash tiny -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash textit -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -19356,16 +19485,9 @@ If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed in the default size. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Greek Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19378,19 +19500,22 @@ Greek letters \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/alpha.png - scale 85 - +Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\alpha" \end_inset . + All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math + have to be typeset italic/slanted. + In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes + typeset upright. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Small Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19409,7 +19534,7 @@ Greek letters ! small \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19433,7 +19558,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19444,7 +19569,7 @@ alpha \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19458,7 +19583,7 @@ alpha - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19469,7 +19594,7 @@ beta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19483,7 +19608,7 @@ beta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19494,7 +19619,7 @@ gamma \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19508,7 +19633,7 @@ gamma - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19519,7 +19644,7 @@ delta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19533,7 +19658,7 @@ delta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19544,7 +19669,7 @@ epsilon \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19558,7 +19683,7 @@ epsilon - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19569,7 +19694,7 @@ varepsilon \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19583,7 +19708,7 @@ varepsilon - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19594,7 +19719,7 @@ zeta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19608,7 +19733,7 @@ zeta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19619,7 +19744,7 @@ eta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19633,7 +19758,7 @@ eta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19644,7 +19769,7 @@ theta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19658,7 +19783,7 @@ theta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19669,7 +19794,7 @@ vartheta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19693,7 +19818,7 @@ vartheta \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19717,7 +19842,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19728,7 +19853,7 @@ iota \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19742,7 +19867,7 @@ iota - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19753,7 +19878,7 @@ kappa \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19767,7 +19892,7 @@ kappa - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19778,7 +19903,7 @@ varkappa \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19792,7 +19917,7 @@ varkappa - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19803,7 +19928,7 @@ lambda \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19817,7 +19942,7 @@ lambda - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19828,7 +19953,7 @@ mu \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19842,7 +19967,7 @@ mu - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19853,7 +19978,7 @@ nu \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19867,7 +19992,7 @@ nu - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19878,7 +20003,7 @@ xi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19892,7 +20017,7 @@ xi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19901,7 +20026,7 @@ o \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19915,7 +20040,7 @@ o - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19926,7 +20051,7 @@ pi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19940,7 +20065,7 @@ pi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19951,7 +20076,7 @@ varpi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19965,7 +20090,7 @@ varpi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19976,7 +20101,7 @@ rho \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20000,7 +20125,7 @@ rho \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20024,7 +20149,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20035,7 +20160,7 @@ varrho \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20049,7 +20174,7 @@ varrho - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20060,7 +20185,7 @@ sigma \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20074,7 +20199,7 @@ sigma - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20085,7 +20210,7 @@ varsigma \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20099,7 +20224,7 @@ varsigma - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20110,7 +20235,7 @@ tau \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20124,7 +20249,7 @@ tau - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20135,7 +20260,7 @@ upsilon \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20149,7 +20274,7 @@ upsilon - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20160,7 +20285,7 @@ phi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20174,7 +20299,7 @@ phi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20185,7 +20310,7 @@ varphi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20199,7 +20324,7 @@ varphi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20210,7 +20335,7 @@ chi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20224,7 +20349,7 @@ chi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20235,7 +20360,7 @@ psi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20249,7 +20374,7 @@ psi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20260,7 +20385,7 @@ omega \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20292,10 +20417,10 @@ omega \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -How to create upright Greek letters is explained in +How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" +reference "subsec:Upright-small-Greek" \end_inset @@ -20304,7 +20429,7 @@ reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" \begin_layout Subsection Big Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20323,7 +20448,7 @@ Greek letters ! big \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20347,7 +20472,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20358,7 +20483,7 @@ Gamma \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20372,7 +20497,7 @@ Gamma - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20383,7 +20508,7 @@ Delta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20397,7 +20522,7 @@ Delta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20408,7 +20533,7 @@ Theta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20422,7 +20547,7 @@ Theta - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20433,7 +20558,7 @@ Lambda \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20447,7 +20572,7 @@ Lambda - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20458,7 +20583,7 @@ Xi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20472,7 +20597,7 @@ Xi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20483,7 +20608,7 @@ Pi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20507,7 +20632,7 @@ Pi \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20531,7 +20656,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20542,7 +20667,7 @@ Sigma \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20556,7 +20681,7 @@ Sigma - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20567,7 +20692,7 @@ Upsilon \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20581,7 +20706,7 @@ Upsilon - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20592,7 +20717,7 @@ Phi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20606,7 +20731,7 @@ Phi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20617,7 +20742,7 @@ Psi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20631,7 +20756,7 @@ Psi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20642,7 +20767,7 @@ Omega \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20671,7 +20796,8 @@ Omega \end_inset That the big Greek letters appear upright is caused by a design bug when - TeX was developed. + \SpecialChar TeX + was developed. To get correct italic big letters, begin every command with \series bold var @@ -20683,16 +20809,86 @@ var \backslash varGamma \series default - produces: + produces \begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$ \end_inset +. + Another way is to load the package +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package +\series bold +was +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! was +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! fixmath +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +usepackage{fixmath} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Bold Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20713,7 +20909,7 @@ Greek letters cannot be set with different font styles like Latin letters. boldsymbol \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20725,15 +20921,19 @@ boldsymbol \end_inset . +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -20755,7 +20955,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20770,7 +20970,7 @@ Upsilon \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20784,7 +20984,7 @@ Upsilon - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20799,7 +20999,7 @@ theta \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20838,7 +21038,8 @@ texorpdfstring{ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in +A list with all symbols of most of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-packages can be found in \begin_inset CommandInset citation LatexCommand cite key "Symbols" @@ -20877,7 +21078,7 @@ More about texorpdfstring is in section \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" +reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset @@ -20887,7 +21088,7 @@ reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20902,17 +21103,15 @@ Symbols \begin_layout Standard Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/nabla.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\nabla" \end_inset and -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/digamma.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\digamma" \end_inset . @@ -20922,12 +21121,12 @@ Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the Mathematical Symbols \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols" +name "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20940,13 +21139,9 @@ Symbols ! mathematical \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20963,14 +21158,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20981,7 +21176,7 @@ neg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20995,7 +21190,7 @@ neg - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21006,7 +21201,7 @@ Im \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21020,7 +21215,7 @@ Im - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21031,7 +21226,7 @@ Re \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21045,7 +21240,7 @@ Re - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21056,7 +21251,7 @@ aleph \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21070,7 +21265,7 @@ aleph - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21081,7 +21276,7 @@ partial \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21095,7 +21290,7 @@ partial - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21106,7 +21301,7 @@ infty \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21120,7 +21315,7 @@ infty - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21131,7 +21326,7 @@ wp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21145,7 +21340,7 @@ wp - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21156,7 +21351,7 @@ imath \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21205,7 +21400,7 @@ jmath \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21222,7 +21417,7 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \begin_inset Note Note status collapsed @@ -21245,7 +21440,7 @@ raisebox - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21256,7 +21451,7 @@ forall \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21270,7 +21465,7 @@ forall - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21281,7 +21476,7 @@ exists \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21295,7 +21490,7 @@ exists - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21306,7 +21501,7 @@ nexists \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21320,7 +21515,7 @@ nexists - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21331,7 +21526,7 @@ emptyset \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21345,7 +21540,7 @@ emptyset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21356,7 +21551,7 @@ varnothing \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21370,7 +21565,7 @@ varnothing - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21381,7 +21576,7 @@ dag \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21395,7 +21590,7 @@ dag - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21406,7 +21601,7 @@ ddag \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21420,7 +21615,7 @@ ddag - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21431,7 +21626,7 @@ complement \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21504,7 +21699,7 @@ Bbbk \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21521,14 +21716,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21539,7 +21734,7 @@ prime \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21553,7 +21748,7 @@ prime - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21564,7 +21759,7 @@ backprime \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21578,7 +21773,7 @@ backprime - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21589,7 +21784,7 @@ mho \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21603,7 +21798,7 @@ mho - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21614,7 +21809,7 @@ triangle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21628,7 +21823,7 @@ triangle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21639,7 +21834,7 @@ angle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21653,7 +21848,7 @@ angle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21664,7 +21859,7 @@ measuredangle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21678,7 +21873,7 @@ measuredangle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21689,7 +21884,7 @@ sphericalangle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21703,7 +21898,7 @@ sphericalangle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21714,7 +21909,7 @@ top \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21757,7 +21952,10 @@ bot \end_inset -\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -21767,12 +21965,12 @@ bot Miscellaneous Symbols \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" +name "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21789,11 +21987,11 @@ Symbols ! miscellaneous \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21806,14 +22004,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21824,7 +22022,7 @@ flat \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21838,7 +22036,7 @@ flat - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21849,7 +22047,7 @@ natural \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21863,7 +22061,7 @@ natural - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21874,7 +22072,7 @@ sharp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21888,7 +22086,7 @@ sharp - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21899,7 +22097,7 @@ surd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21913,7 +22111,7 @@ surd - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21924,7 +22122,7 @@ checkmark \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21938,7 +22136,7 @@ checkmark - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21949,7 +22147,7 @@ yen \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21963,7 +22161,7 @@ yen - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21974,7 +22172,7 @@ pounds \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21988,7 +22186,7 @@ pounds - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21997,7 +22195,7 @@ $ \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22011,7 +22209,7 @@ $ - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22038,11 +22236,15 @@ $ \end_inset +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -22057,14 +22259,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22075,7 +22277,7 @@ hbar \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22089,7 +22291,7 @@ hbar - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22100,7 +22302,7 @@ hslash \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22114,7 +22316,7 @@ hslash - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22125,7 +22327,7 @@ clubsuit \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22139,7 +22341,7 @@ clubsuit - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22150,7 +22352,7 @@ spadesuit \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22164,7 +22366,7 @@ spadesuit - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22175,7 +22377,7 @@ bigstar \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22189,7 +22391,7 @@ bigstar - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22200,7 +22402,7 @@ blacklozenge \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22214,7 +22416,7 @@ blacklozenge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22225,7 +22427,7 @@ blacktriangle \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22239,7 +22441,7 @@ blacktriangle - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22250,7 +22452,7 @@ blacktiangledown \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22264,7 +22466,7 @@ blacktiangledown - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22275,7 +22477,7 @@ bullet \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22293,9 +22495,13 @@ bullet \end_inset +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22312,14 +22518,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22330,7 +22536,7 @@ diamondsuit \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22344,7 +22550,7 @@ diamondsuit - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22355,7 +22561,7 @@ Diamond \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22369,7 +22575,7 @@ Diamond - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22380,7 +22586,7 @@ heartsuit \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22394,7 +22600,7 @@ heartsuit - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22405,7 +22611,7 @@ P \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22419,7 +22625,7 @@ P - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22430,7 +22636,7 @@ copyright \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22444,7 +22650,7 @@ copyright - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22455,7 +22661,7 @@ circledR \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22469,7 +22675,7 @@ circledR - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22480,7 +22686,7 @@ maltese \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22494,7 +22700,7 @@ maltese - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22505,7 +22711,7 @@ diagup \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22554,21 +22760,14 @@ diagdown \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -More symbols are listed in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" - -\end_inset -. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Sizes" +reference "subsec:Font-Sizes" \end_inset @@ -22577,7 +22776,7 @@ reference "sub:Font-Sizes" \begin_layout Subsection The Euro-Symbol € -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22587,7 +22786,7 @@ Symbols ! Euro-symbol \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22615,12 +22814,13 @@ officialeuro \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package +To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold eurosym \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22629,7 +22829,8 @@ Packages ! eurosym \end_inset - must be installed and loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line + must be installed and loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22648,7 +22849,7 @@ The Euro symbol can now be inserted with the command euro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22679,7 +22880,8 @@ eurosym \backslash euro \series default - can also be inserted in TeX-mode. + can also be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The official currency symbol can then be inserted with the command \series bold @@ -22687,7 +22889,7 @@ euro officialeuro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22698,7 +22900,8 @@ officialeuro \end_inset -, that is only available in TeX-mode. +, that is only available in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22719,7 +22922,8 @@ ifeurosym status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold eurosym \series default @@ -22733,27 +22937,43 @@ eurosym \begin_layout Standard An overview about the different Euro symbols: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +cmidrule[0.08em]{2-3} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22762,18 +22982,18 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Symbol \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22782,7 +23002,7 @@ formula \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22793,7 +23013,7 @@ euro \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22807,7 +23027,7 @@ euro - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22816,7 +23036,7 @@ mathematical text \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22825,7 +23045,7 @@ mathematical text \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22839,16 +23059,17 @@ mathematical text - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -TeX-mode +\SpecialChar TeX + mode \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22859,7 +23080,7 @@ officialeuro \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22886,6 +23107,32 @@ officialeuro \end_inset +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +cmidrule +\series default + is used here only for table borders. + See sec. + +\family sans +Formal Tables +\family default + of the +\emph on +EmbeddedObjects +\emph default + manual for details. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -22906,7 +23153,8 @@ else status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold eurosym \series default @@ -22919,7 +23167,8 @@ eurosym \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You need to install the LaTeX-package +You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold eurosym \series default @@ -22940,6 +23189,13 @@ fi \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -22951,7 +23207,7 @@ name "sec:Relations" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22961,7 +23217,7 @@ Relations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22996,24 +23252,19 @@ status collapsed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/leq.png - scale 85 - +All following relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leq" \end_inset . \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23030,14 +23281,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Relation \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23046,7 +23297,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23060,7 +23311,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23071,7 +23322,7 @@ le \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23085,7 +23336,7 @@ le - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23096,7 +23347,7 @@ ll \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23110,7 +23361,7 @@ ll - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23121,7 +23372,7 @@ prec \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23135,7 +23386,7 @@ prec - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23146,7 +23397,7 @@ preceq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23160,7 +23411,7 @@ preceq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23171,7 +23422,7 @@ subset \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23185,7 +23436,7 @@ subset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23196,7 +23447,7 @@ subseteq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23210,7 +23461,7 @@ subseteq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23221,7 +23472,7 @@ sqsubseteq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23235,7 +23486,7 @@ sqsubseteq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23246,7 +23497,7 @@ in \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23260,7 +23511,7 @@ in - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23271,7 +23522,7 @@ vdash \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23285,7 +23536,7 @@ vdash - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23296,7 +23547,7 @@ smile \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23310,7 +23561,7 @@ smile - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23321,7 +23572,7 @@ lhd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23335,7 +23586,7 @@ lhd - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23346,7 +23597,7 @@ unlhd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23360,7 +23611,7 @@ unlhd - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23371,7 +23622,7 @@ gtrless \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23385,7 +23636,7 @@ gtrless - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23396,7 +23647,7 @@ mid \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23410,7 +23661,7 @@ mid - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23421,7 +23672,7 @@ nmid \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23445,7 +23696,7 @@ nmid \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23462,14 +23713,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Relation \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23478,7 +23729,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23492,7 +23743,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23503,7 +23754,7 @@ not= \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23517,7 +23768,7 @@ not= - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23528,7 +23779,7 @@ equiv \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23542,7 +23793,7 @@ equiv - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23553,7 +23804,7 @@ sim \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23567,7 +23818,7 @@ sim - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23578,7 +23829,7 @@ simeq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23592,7 +23843,7 @@ simeq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23603,7 +23854,7 @@ approx \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23617,7 +23868,7 @@ approx - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23628,7 +23879,7 @@ cong \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23642,7 +23893,7 @@ cong - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23653,7 +23904,7 @@ bowtie \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23667,7 +23918,7 @@ bowtie - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23678,7 +23929,7 @@ notin \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23692,7 +23943,7 @@ notin - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23703,7 +23954,7 @@ perp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23717,7 +23968,7 @@ perp - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23728,7 +23979,7 @@ propto \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23742,7 +23993,7 @@ propto - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23753,7 +24004,7 @@ asymp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23767,7 +24018,7 @@ asymp - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23778,7 +24029,7 @@ doteq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23792,7 +24043,7 @@ doteq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23803,7 +24054,7 @@ circeq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23817,7 +24068,7 @@ circeq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23828,7 +24079,7 @@ models \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23842,7 +24093,7 @@ models - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23853,7 +24104,7 @@ widehat= \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23877,7 +24128,7 @@ widehat= \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23894,14 +24145,14 @@ Command \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +Relation \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23910,7 +24161,7 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23924,7 +24175,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23935,7 +24186,7 @@ ge \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23949,7 +24200,7 @@ ge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23960,7 +24211,7 @@ gg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23974,7 +24225,7 @@ gg - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23985,7 +24236,7 @@ succ \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23999,7 +24250,7 @@ succ - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24010,7 +24261,7 @@ succeq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24024,7 +24275,7 @@ succeq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24035,7 +24286,7 @@ supset \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24049,7 +24300,7 @@ supset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24060,7 +24311,7 @@ supseteq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24074,7 +24325,7 @@ supseteq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24085,7 +24336,7 @@ sqsupseteq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24099,7 +24350,7 @@ sqsupseteq - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24110,7 +24361,7 @@ ni \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24124,7 +24375,7 @@ ni - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24135,7 +24386,7 @@ dashv \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24149,7 +24400,7 @@ dashv - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24160,7 +24411,7 @@ frown \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24174,7 +24425,7 @@ frown - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24185,7 +24436,7 @@ rhd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24199,7 +24450,7 @@ rhd - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24210,7 +24461,7 @@ unrhd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24224,7 +24475,7 @@ unrhd - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24235,7 +24486,7 @@ lessgtr \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24249,7 +24500,7 @@ lessgtr - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24260,7 +24511,7 @@ parallel \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24274,7 +24525,7 @@ parallel - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24285,7 +24536,7 @@ nparallel \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24303,10 +24554,6 @@ nparallel \end_inset -\begin_inset space \hfill{} -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -24340,6 +24587,18 @@ triangleright , respectively. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\SpecialChar LyX + supports also many special relations. + Use the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leqq" +\end_inset + + to see a list of these relations. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space. \end_layout @@ -24352,7 +24611,7 @@ Relations with labels can be created with the command stackrel \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24364,15 +24623,19 @@ stackrel \end_inset : +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -24388,45 +24651,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A(r) \backslash stackrel -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset r @@ -24434,16 +24672,7 @@ r to \backslash infty -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -24453,29 +24682,11 @@ spce \backslash approx -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -24483,11 +24694,11 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$ +\begin_inset Formula $A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$ \end_inset @@ -24511,12 +24722,12 @@ Functions Predefined Functions \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Predefined-Functions" +name "subsec:Predefined-Functions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24542,22 +24753,24 @@ italic \end_inset . - Therefore there are predefined functions, that are additionally a bit separated + Therefore there are predefined functionswhich are additionally a bit separated from prefactors. They are inserted as commands starting with a backslash before their name. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - - + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24566,7 +24779,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24575,48 +24788,66 @@ Result \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Command +Asin(x)+B \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result +\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \quad{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Asin(x)+B +Command \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$ -\end_inset - - +Result \end_layout \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24627,7 +24858,7 @@ sin(x)+B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24662,7 +24893,7 @@ The following functions are predefined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24706,7 +24937,7 @@ Command - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24717,7 +24948,7 @@ sin \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24728,7 +24959,7 @@ sinh \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24739,7 +24970,7 @@ arcsin \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24752,7 +24983,7 @@ sup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24763,7 +24994,7 @@ cos \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24774,7 +25005,7 @@ cosh \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24785,7 +25016,7 @@ arccos \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24798,7 +25029,7 @@ inf - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24809,7 +25040,7 @@ tan \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24820,7 +25051,7 @@ tanh \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24831,7 +25062,7 @@ arctan \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24844,7 +25075,7 @@ lim - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24855,7 +25086,7 @@ cot \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24866,7 +25097,7 @@ coth \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24877,7 +25108,7 @@ arg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24890,7 +25121,7 @@ liminf - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24901,7 +25132,7 @@ sec \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24912,7 +25143,7 @@ min \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24923,7 +25154,7 @@ deg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24936,7 +25167,7 @@ limsup - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24947,7 +25178,7 @@ csc \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24958,7 +25189,7 @@ max \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24969,7 +25200,7 @@ det \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24982,7 +25213,7 @@ Pr - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24993,7 +25224,7 @@ ln \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25004,7 +25235,7 @@ exp \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25015,7 +25246,7 @@ dim \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25028,7 +25259,7 @@ hom - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25039,7 +25270,7 @@ lg \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25050,7 +25281,7 @@ log \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25061,7 +25292,7 @@ ker \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25082,10 +25313,9 @@ gcd \begin_layout Standard They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/functions.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\functions" \end_inset . @@ -25093,7 +25323,7 @@ They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button \begin_layout Subsection Self-defined Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25111,7 +25341,8 @@ To use a function that is not predefined, like for example the sign function \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -Define the function by inserting the following line to the LaTeX-preamble +Define the function by inserting the following line to the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -25125,7 +25356,7 @@ DeclareMathOperator see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators" +reference "subsec:Self-defined-Operators" \end_inset @@ -25155,7 +25386,7 @@ DeclareMathOperator{ sgn}{sgn} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25196,7 +25427,7 @@ Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters sgn \emph default , and change it to mathematical text. - At last a space is inserted between prefactor and function. + Finally, a space is inserted between prefactor and function. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -25205,19 +25436,24 @@ The result is the same with both methods as with a predefined function status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black. +In \SpecialChar LyX + self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black. \end_layout \end_inset : +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25241,7 +25477,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25252,7 +25488,7 @@ sgn(x)+B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25308,7 +25544,7 @@ The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should \begin_layout Subsection Limits -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25321,14 +25557,14 @@ Limits \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -For limits there are defined besides +For limits, in addition to the commands \series bold \backslash lim \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25351,16 +25587,20 @@ liminf \backslash limsup \series default - furthermore the following functions: + the following functions are defined: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -25376,29 +25616,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25409,7 +25633,7 @@ varliminf \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25422,8 +25646,8 @@ varliminf \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25447,8 +25671,8 @@ varlimsup \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25472,8 +25696,8 @@ varprojlim \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25492,10 +25716,6 @@ varinjlim \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset @@ -25520,11 +25740,11 @@ The limit is created by inserting a subscript. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25533,31 +25753,11 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset space \hspace{} -\length 1cm -\end_inset - Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -The space and -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - are used here as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset @@ -25573,29 +25773,11 @@ raisebox lim_x \backslash to -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset x=B @@ -25607,7 +25789,7 @@ x=B \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$ +\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\to A}x=B$ \end_inset @@ -25625,17 +25807,37 @@ x=B \begin_layout Standard In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lim_{x\to A}x=B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lim_{x\to A}x=B +\] \end_inset \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +How to adjust the typesetting of the limits see +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "subsec:Operator-Limits" + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Modulo-Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25649,16 +25851,15 @@ Functions ! modulo- \begin_layout Standard The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants. -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The variants in a displayed formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} + The variants in a displayed formula are: +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*} +\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\mod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pmod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\bmod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pod b +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -25668,11 +25869,25 @@ The variants in a displayed formula: \begin_layout Standard In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all variants. + By default the modulo-functions take only the first following character + into account. + To use more than one character, one has to put them into \SpecialChar TeX + braces: +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} +\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d +\end{align*} + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Section Special Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25682,6 +25897,107 @@ Special characters \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The characters ^ and _ would normally create a superscript and subscript, + respectively. + To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading +\backslash +: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +^ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +_ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\_$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -25689,7 +26005,8 @@ Special Characters in Mathematical Text \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode: +The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in \SpecialChar TeX + mode: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -25699,11 +26016,11 @@ The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode: \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25723,7 +26040,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25734,7 +26051,7 @@ oe \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25748,7 +26065,7 @@ oe - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25759,7 +26076,7 @@ OE \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25773,7 +26090,7 @@ OE - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25784,7 +26101,7 @@ ae \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25798,7 +26115,7 @@ ae - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25809,7 +26126,7 @@ AE \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25823,7 +26140,7 @@ AE - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25834,11 +26151,11 @@ aa \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{å}$ \end_inset @@ -25848,14 +26165,14 @@ aa - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash AA -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25886,7 +26203,7 @@ AA} \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25900,7 +26217,7 @@ AA} - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25935,15 +26252,15 @@ i \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -command +Command \begin_inset Note Note status collapsed @@ -25974,7 +26291,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25985,7 +26302,7 @@ o \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25999,7 +26316,7 @@ o - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26010,7 +26327,7 @@ O \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26024,7 +26341,7 @@ O - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26035,7 +26352,7 @@ l \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26049,7 +26366,7 @@ l - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26060,7 +26377,7 @@ L \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26074,7 +26391,7 @@ L - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26084,16 +26401,7 @@ L \end_inset ` -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -26101,7 +26409,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26115,7 +26423,7 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26125,16 +26433,7 @@ spce \end_inset ` -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -26142,7 +26441,7 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26156,7 +26455,7 @@ spce - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26201,10 +26500,9 @@ The characters \end_inset can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/digamma.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\digamma" \end_inset . @@ -26229,19 +26527,20 @@ An exception are the commands ` \series default -, because they can be inserted in LyX directly to text. +, because they can be inserted in \SpecialChar LyX + directly to text. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Accents in Text \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Accents-in-Text" +name "subsec:Accents-in-Text" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26255,7 +26554,8 @@ Accents ! in text \begin_layout Standard With the following commands all letters can be accented. - The commands must be inserted in TeX-mode. + The commands must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -26265,11 +26565,11 @@ With the following commands all letters can be accented. \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26289,7 +26589,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26304,7 +26604,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26327,7 +26627,7 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26338,7 +26638,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26361,23 +26661,14 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26385,7 +26676,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26408,7 +26699,7 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26419,7 +26710,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26442,23 +26733,14 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash u -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26466,7 +26748,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26489,23 +26771,14 @@ u e - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash b -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26513,7 +26786,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26536,23 +26809,14 @@ b e - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ee @@ -26593,11 +26857,11 @@ t ee \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26617,23 +26881,14 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash H -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26641,7 +26896,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26664,7 +26919,7 @@ H e - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26675,7 +26930,7 @@ H e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26698,14 +26953,14 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ~e -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26719,7 +26974,7 @@ Tilde \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26742,7 +26997,7 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26753,7 +27008,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26776,23 +27031,14 @@ status collapsed - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash v -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26800,7 +27046,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26823,23 +27069,14 @@ v e - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash d -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26847,7 +27084,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26870,23 +27107,14 @@ d e - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash c -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26894,7 +27122,7 @@ e \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26943,16 +27171,7 @@ t \backslash t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset sz @@ -26987,7 +27206,8 @@ The accents ^ \series default can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without - using TeX-mode. + using \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The same applies for the tilde \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -27066,7 +27286,7 @@ v see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Accents-for-one" +reference "subsec:Accents-for-one" \end_inset @@ -27084,7 +27304,7 @@ Furthermore, with the command textcircled \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27103,9 +27323,9 @@ textcircled \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -27121,29 +27341,13 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27154,7 +27358,7 @@ textcircled{w} \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27176,8 +27380,8 @@ textcircled{w} \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27196,14 +27400,10 @@ raisebox{-1.5pt}{W}} \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$ -\end_inset - - \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -27225,10 +27425,6 @@ raisebox{-1.5pt}W} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset @@ -27257,7 +27453,7 @@ status collapsed see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Sizes" +reference "subsec:Font-Sizes" \end_inset @@ -27281,7 +27477,7 @@ status collapsed see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" +reference "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame" \end_inset @@ -27294,12 +27490,12 @@ reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection -Minuscule Numbers -\begin_inset Index +Old-style Figures +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Minuscule numbers +Old-style Figures \end_layout \end_inset @@ -27308,14 +27504,15 @@ Minuscule numbers \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Minuscule numbers are created with the command +Old-style figures (also known as old-style numerals) are created with the + command \series bold \backslash oldstylenums \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27327,7 +27524,8 @@ oldstylenums \end_inset . - The command can be used in formulas and in TeX-mode. + The command can be used in formulas and in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The command scheme is: \end_layout @@ -27353,218 +27551,6 @@ oldstylenums{0123456789 \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Miscellaneous special Characters -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Special characters ! miscellaneous -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\align center -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Result -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -_ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\_$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\backslash -circ -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -@° -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble - contains the following line -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -More about this is described in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Text-Characters-in" - -\end_inset - -. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\series bold - -\backslash -DeclareInputtext{176}{ -\backslash -ifmmode^ -\backslash -circ -\backslash -else -\backslash -textdegree -\backslash -fi} -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Formula Styles \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -27574,7 +27560,7 @@ name "sec:Formula-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27588,6 +27574,10 @@ Formula ! styles \begin_layout Itemize There are two different alignment styles: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -27602,7 +27592,7 @@ fleqn \series default must be inserted in the menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator Settings \family default under @@ -27626,7 +27616,7 @@ Indented mathindent \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27642,7 +27632,8 @@ mathindent \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset -mm, the following command line is inserted in the LaTeX-preamble +mm, the following command line is inserted in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -27666,6 +27657,10 @@ pt will be used. \end_deeper \begin_layout Itemize And two different numbering styles: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_deeper @@ -27680,7 +27675,7 @@ leqno \series default must be inserted in the menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator Settings \family default under @@ -27717,7 +27712,7 @@ Centered The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Flalign-Environment" +reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment" \end_inset @@ -27733,7 +27728,7 @@ name "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27750,51 +27745,50 @@ General \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing -\series bold - +In \SpecialChar LyX + multiline formulas are created by pressing \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "newline-insert newline" \end_inset - -\series default inside a formula. This creates either an \series bold -eqnarray environment +align environment \series default that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Eqnarray-Environment" +reference "subsec:Standard-align-Environment" \end_inset - or, when the option + or, when automatically loading the package \family sans -Use AMS math package + AMS math \family default - in the document settings is selected, an + is disabled in the document settings, an \series bold -align environment +eqnarray environment \series default that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Standard-align-Environment" +reference "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment" \end_inset . + The align environment is recommended because it provides in any case a + typographically correct output. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Math \family default . @@ -27811,22 +27805,20 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" . To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset or -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Rows & Columns \family default can be used. @@ -27836,12 +27828,12 @@ Rows & Columns Line Separation \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Line-Separation" +name "subsec:Line-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27855,9 +27847,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! Line separation \begin_layout Standard There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -27865,9 +27859,11 @@ B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \te \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -In LaTeX additional line space is specified as optional argument of the - new line command. - This is not yet possible in LyX +In \SpecialChar LaTeX + additional line space is specified as optional argument of the new line + command. + This is not yet possible in \SpecialChar LyX + \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -27885,7 +27881,8 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505" \end_inset -, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in TeX-mode. +, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. To add in our example space, the command \series bold @@ -27958,7 +27955,7 @@ To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27971,7 +27968,7 @@ jot is changed. The definition is: -\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\, pt+\backslash jot}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\,pt+\backslash jot}$ \end_inset . @@ -28004,8 +28001,10 @@ jot}{3mm+3pt} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula. - This requires that the LaTeX-package +is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before the formula. + This requires that the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold calc \series default @@ -28018,13 +28017,14 @@ status collapsed \series bold calc \series default - is part of every LaTeX standard installation. + is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28033,7 +28033,8 @@ Packages ! calc \end_inset - was loaded in LaTeX-preamble with the line + was loaded in \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble with the line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -28061,9 +28062,11 @@ jot}{3mm+3pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28102,12 +28105,12 @@ pt. Column Separation \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Column-Separation" +name "subsec:Column-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28135,7 +28138,7 @@ The column separation is specified with the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28178,8 +28181,9 @@ arraycolsep}{1cm} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation - of 2 +inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation of + 2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -28218,9 +28222,11 @@ arraycolsep}{1cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28244,9 +28250,11 @@ arraycolsep}{5pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28255,7 +28263,7 @@ C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsubsection Long Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28272,17 +28280,19 @@ Long formulas can be typeset using these methods: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this +When one side of the equation is much shorter than the line width, this one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\ - & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray} + & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear - as operator because it is the first character of the line. + as an operator because it is the first character of the line. Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished from the fraction bar. To avoid this, 3 @@ -28300,7 +28310,7 @@ hspace status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -more about +for more about \series bold \backslash @@ -28309,7 +28319,7 @@ hspace see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Variable-Space" +reference "subsec:Variable-Space" \end_inset @@ -28319,7 +28329,7 @@ reference "sub:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28341,7 +28351,7 @@ When both sides of the equation are too long, the command lefteqn \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28353,12 +28363,14 @@ lefteqn \end_inset is used. - It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all - further insertions overwrite the following columns: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} + It is inserted in the first column of the first line and causes all further + insertions to overwrite the following columns: +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\ & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\ - & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray} + & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -28419,7 +28431,8 @@ the term \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -Due to a bug in LyX the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first +Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX + the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first line. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -28451,30 +28464,151 @@ Other methods to set long formulas are offered by the environments described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Multline-Environment" +reference "subsec:Multline-Environment" \end_inset and \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts" +reference "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts" \end_inset . \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Multiline Fractions +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "subsec:Multiline-Fractions" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Fractions ! multiline +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction + is so long that the fraction does not fit into one line. + It is then necessary to add a line break within the fraction. + This can be done using the command +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +splitfrac +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +. + To activate it, set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +. + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac +\series default + has the scheme +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac{first line}{second line} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +and is used as denominator and/or numerator: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +a=\frac{\splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy}{+wy+wy+wy+wy}}{z}\ne\frac{\splitdfrac{xy+\frac{xy}{z}+xy+xy+xy}{+xy+xy+xy+xy}}{z} +\] + +\end_inset + +The command for the first numerator above is: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\backslash +{+wy+wy+wy+wy +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsubsection Multiline Brackets \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Multiline-Brackets" +name "subsec:Multiline-Brackets" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28488,9 +28622,11 @@ Brackets ! for multiline expressions \begin_layout Standard For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28511,7 +28647,7 @@ To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is right. \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28546,7 +28682,7 @@ right see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" +reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset @@ -28558,7 +28694,7 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28584,16 +28720,7 @@ left. vphantom \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -28603,16 +28730,7 @@ spce prod \series default ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -28622,16 +28740,7 @@ spce infty \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -28643,7 +28752,7 @@ spce _R=1} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28661,9 +28770,11 @@ vphantom \begin_layout Standard The result is this: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28676,7 +28787,7 @@ Align Environments \begin_layout Standard Align environments can be used for every kind of multiline formulas. - They are specially useful to set several formulas side by side. + They are especially useful to set several formulas side by side. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -28688,14 +28799,14 @@ Align environments consist of columns. \begin_layout Standard Align environments are created via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Math \family default . With the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Change Formula Type \family default already existing formulas can be converted to Align environments. @@ -28703,22 +28814,20 @@ Change Formula Type \begin_layout Standard To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-column" \end_inset or -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator Rows & Columns \family default can be used. @@ -28728,12 +28837,12 @@ Rows & Columns Standard align Environment \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Standard-align-Environment" +name "subsec:Standard-align-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28746,7 +28855,7 @@ Formula ! multiline ! align environment \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -This Align environment is created by presssing +This Align environment is created by pressing \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "newline-insert newline" @@ -28754,8 +28863,8 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" in a formula or by the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator AMS align Environment \family default . @@ -28764,9 +28873,11 @@ AMS align Environment \begin_layout Standard An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four column align environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -28789,7 +28900,7 @@ hfill see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Variable-Space" +reference "subsec:Variable-Space" \end_inset @@ -28833,7 +28944,7 @@ hfill \begin_layout Subsubsection Alignat Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28850,7 +28961,7 @@ The alignat environment has no predefined column separation. It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Space" +reference "subsec:Space" \end_inset @@ -28863,9 +28974,11 @@ The above example in the alignat environment where 1 \end_inset cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{alignat*}{2} A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{alignat*} \end_inset @@ -28878,12 +28991,12 @@ Because the column separation can be set separately for every column, this Flalign Environment \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Flalign-Environment" +name "subsec:Flalign-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28899,9 +29012,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible to the left and the last two ones to the right. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign*} A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\ -X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*} +X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4 +\end{flalign*} \end_inset @@ -28910,7 +29025,8 @@ X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*} \begin_layout Standard By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an - empty TeX-brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document + empty \SpecialChar TeX + brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document can be set to the left, although the formula style \series bold Centered @@ -28924,8 +29040,10 @@ reference "eq:VolInt" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} -\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} +\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -28945,12 +29063,12 @@ pt space was inserted at the beginning of the first column. Eqnarray Environment \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment" +name "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28968,10 +29086,12 @@ When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear. one left aligned. The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because it is designed to insert there only relation characters. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\ AB & AB & AB\\ -A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28980,7 +29100,7 @@ A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsection Gather Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28995,9 +29115,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! gather environment \begin_layout Standard This environment consists of only one centered column. Every line can be numbered. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{gather} A=1\\ -X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather} +X=\textrm{-}1 +\end{gather} \end_inset @@ -29008,12 +29130,12 @@ X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather} Multline Environment \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Multline-Environment" +name "subsec:Multline-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29039,10 +29161,12 @@ reference "eq:lefteqn" \end_inset in the multline environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ -B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -29079,7 +29203,7 @@ With the commands shoveright \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29097,7 +29221,7 @@ shoveright shoveleft \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29137,7 +29261,7 @@ The length multlinegap \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29171,7 +29295,8 @@ multlinegap}{2cm} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -was inserted in TeX-mode before: +was inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode before: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -29187,10 +29312,12 @@ multlinegap}{2cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ \shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -29222,12 +29349,12 @@ shoveleft Multiline Formula Parts \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts" +name "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29241,7 +29368,7 @@ Formula ! multiline ! formula parts \begin_layout Standard To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines, one of the following - environments are used: + environments is used: \series bold aligned \series default @@ -29260,7 +29387,7 @@ split . They can be inserted via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Math \family default or by using the commands described in this section. @@ -29271,10 +29398,13 @@ The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside them. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\ -\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned} -\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\] +\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2} +\end{aligned} +\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations} +\] \end_inset @@ -29289,7 +29419,7 @@ To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command aligned \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29320,9 +29450,11 @@ reference "eq:shortlong" \end_inset in the aligned environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} \begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\ - & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned} + & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|} +\end{aligned} \end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29350,7 +29482,7 @@ split alignedat \series default , -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29368,7 +29500,7 @@ alignedat gathered \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29386,7 +29518,7 @@ gathered split \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29406,12 +29538,12 @@ split Text in multiline Formulas \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Text-in-multiline" +name "subsec:Text-in-multiline" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29421,7 +29553,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29444,7 +29576,7 @@ In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text intertext \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29468,7 +29600,8 @@ intertext{text} \begin_layout Standard The text should not be longer than a line because it cannot be hyphenated. - As LyX doesn't yet support + As \SpecialChar LyX + doesn't yet support \series bold \backslash @@ -29484,9 +29617,89 @@ intertext must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above this line. An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align} +I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ +\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{align} + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +intertext +\series default + always creates some vertical space between the text and the formula lines. + To avoid this space, set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +. + Then you can use the command +\series bold + +\backslash +shortintertext +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +shortintertext +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + instead of +\series bold + +\backslash +intertext +\series default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align} I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ -\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align} +\shortintertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{align} \end_inset @@ -29495,7 +29708,7 @@ I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ \begin_layout Section Formula Numbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29505,7 +29718,7 @@ Formula numbering \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29546,8 +29759,8 @@ General \begin_layout Standard Numbered formulas can be created with the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Numbered \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -29565,8 +29778,8 @@ N ). Existing formulas can be numbered with the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Toggle \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -29580,7 +29793,8 @@ arg "math-number-toggle" \end_inset ). - The formula number is displayed in LyX behind the formula as number sign + The formula number is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX + behind the formula as a number sign in parentheses. The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number. \end_layout @@ -29589,8 +29803,8 @@ arg "math-number-toggle" When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas, all lines will be numbered. But the numbering can be controlled with the menu \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Toggle \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -29605,7 +29819,7 @@ of Line \family default - (shortcut + (shortcut \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "math-number-line-toggle" @@ -29628,7 +29842,7 @@ reference "sec:Formula-Styles" \begin_layout Subsection Cross-References -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29644,18 +29858,22 @@ Cross-references ! to formulas All labeled formulas can be cross-referenced. A label is added by the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Label \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/label-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "label-insert" \end_inset . The cursor must hereby be inside a displayed formula. + Alternatively you can right-click on the formula and choose +\family sans +Equation Label +\family default +. A dialog pops up displaying the prefix \series bold eq: @@ -29682,29 +29900,32 @@ g. section labels. To change a label, the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Label \family default - is used again. + is used again or you right-click on a formula and then on +\family sans +Equation Label +\family default +. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The name of the label is displayed in LyX within two parentheses behind - formula. +The name of the label is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX + within two parentheses behind formula. A formula with a label is always numbered. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard Cross-references are inserted via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Cross-Reference \family default or with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref" \end_inset . @@ -29718,8 +29939,9 @@ Cross-Reference \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -By right-clicking on a cross-reference in LyX, one jumps to the formula - that is referenced. +By right-clicking on a cross-reference in \SpecialChar LyX +, one jumps to the formula that + is referenced. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -29791,7 +30013,7 @@ tag is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering" +reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering" \end_inset @@ -29805,7 +30027,7 @@ reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering" contains a box like in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" +reference "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes" \end_inset @@ -29814,7 +30036,7 @@ reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" \begin_layout Subsection Subnumbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29840,13 +30062,16 @@ begin{subequations} end{subequations} \series default formulas can be subnumbered. - Both commands are inserted in TeX-mode. + Both commands are inserted in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=C-B\label{eq:a} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29881,14 +30106,18 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=C-A\label{eq:b} +\end{equation} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=A+B\label{eq:c} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29927,7 +30156,7 @@ first formula is inserted addtocounter{equation}{-1} \backslash begin{subequations} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29982,7 +30211,7 @@ end \begin_inset Newline linebreak \end_inset -c, \SpecialChar \ldots{} +c, \SpecialChar ldots For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered. All subnumbered formulas are treated as \emph on @@ -30046,7 +30275,8 @@ reference "eq:f" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first +By inserting the commands in \SpecialChar TeX + mode, a space is created between the first two formulas. To revert this -5 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} @@ -30103,10 +30333,12 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\ & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\ - & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray} + & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -30130,12 +30362,12 @@ end{subequations} User-defined Numbering \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:User-defined-Numbering" +name "subsec:User-defined-Numbering" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30148,7 +30380,7 @@ Formula numbering ! user-defined \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30159,7 +30391,8 @@ Formula numbering ! self-defined delimiters With the standard numbering parentheses are set around the formula number. To replace the parentheses for example by vertical bars, the following - line is added to the LaTeX-preamble: + line is added to the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30178,7 +30411,8 @@ maketag@@@{|#1|}} status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -This macro is already declared in the LaTeX-preamble for testing. +This macro is already declared in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble for testing. To activate it, remove the percent sign at the beginning. \end_layout @@ -30208,7 +30442,7 @@ When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive tag \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30220,8 +30454,10 @@ tag \end_inset is used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30230,21 +30466,12 @@ In this example the command \backslash tag -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset something \series default - was inserted to the formula. + was inserted in the formula. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30253,23 +30480,16 @@ When the command \backslash tag* -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset something \series default is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A+B=C\tag*{something}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A+B=C\tag*{something} +\] \end_inset @@ -30292,7 +30512,7 @@ To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the @addtoreset{equation}{part} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30363,7 +30583,8 @@ resp. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To be able to use these commands in TeX-mode, the +To be able to use these commands in \SpecialChar TeX + mode, the \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset @@ -30379,7 +30600,8 @@ active \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - for LaTeX using the command + for \SpecialChar LaTeX + using the command \series bold \backslash @@ -30393,7 +30615,8 @@ makeatletter. makeatother \series default reverts this. - So the command sequence in TeX-mode is: + So the command sequence in \SpecialChar TeX + mode is: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30417,7 +30640,8 @@ makeatother \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -In the LaTeX-preamble +In the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble \series bold \backslash @@ -30429,7 +30653,8 @@ makeatletter \backslash makeatother \series default - can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by LyX. + can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by \SpecialChar LyX +. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30452,12 +30677,13 @@ status collapsed \series bold remreset \series default - is part of the LaTeX-package + is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold carlisle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30466,13 +30692,14 @@ Packages ! carlisle \end_inset - that is part of every LaTeX standard installation. + that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30481,7 +30708,8 @@ Packages ! remreset \end_inset - has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line + has to be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble with the line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30500,7 +30728,7 @@ Then the command @removefromreset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30597,7 +30825,7 @@ For this case there is the command numberwithin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30625,7 +30853,9 @@ Counter denotes what kind of numbering is affected, sectioning denotes what \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or TeX-Code line is used: +Thus in our case the following \SpecialChar LaTeX + preamble or \SpecialChar TeX + code line is used: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30651,8 +30881,10 @@ numberwithin{equation}{section} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30684,7 +30916,9 @@ numberwithin{table}{part} \begin_layout Standard To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted - as TeX-Code or to the LaTeX-preamble: + as \SpecialChar TeX + code or to the \SpecialChar LaTeX + preamble: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30697,7 +30931,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30795,7 +31029,7 @@ makeatother \begin_layout Subsection Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30805,7 +31039,7 @@ Formula numbering ! with letters \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30835,7 +31069,8 @@ roman{equation}} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode. +is inserted before the formula in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \series bold @@ -30843,7 +31078,7 @@ is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode. renewcommand \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30886,7 +31121,7 @@ newcommand that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand" +reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand" \end_inset @@ -30908,7 +31143,8 @@ the \series default is used as prefix for a counter, the value of the counter is output as Arabic number. - When a formula is numbered, LaTeX sets internally the command + When a formula is numbered, \SpecialChar LaTeX + sets internally the command \series bold \backslash @@ -30920,7 +31156,7 @@ theequation \backslash roman{equation} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30962,7 +31198,7 @@ roman Roman \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30991,7 +31227,7 @@ number alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31009,7 +31245,7 @@ alph Alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31032,9 +31268,14 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \series bold +\color none Note: \series default - Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document. + Only maximal 26 +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document. \end_layout \end_inset @@ -31063,8 +31304,10 @@ roman{equation}} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=\textrm{small roman} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31086,8 +31329,10 @@ Roman{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31109,8 +31354,10 @@ alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=\textrm{small Latin} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31132,8 +31379,10 @@ Alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31154,7 +31403,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31186,8 +31435,10 @@ arabic{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +E=\textrm{Arabic} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31224,12 +31475,12 @@ target "run:Formula-numbering.lyx" Chemical Symbols and Equations \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" +name "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31239,7 +31490,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31249,7 +31500,7 @@ Chemical equations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31280,8 +31531,10 @@ The . The chemical equation for this is: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\mathrm{2\,Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31309,7 +31562,7 @@ font styles see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Styles" +reference "subsec:Font-Styles" \end_inset @@ -31330,7 +31583,7 @@ A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command ce \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31341,12 +31594,13 @@ ce \end_inset - that is available when the LaTeX-package + that is available when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold mhchem \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31364,15 +31618,19 @@ ce \series default to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted in an intuitive way. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - - + + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -31388,45 +31646,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset H2CO3 @@ -31434,11 +31667,11 @@ H2CO3 \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{H2CO3}$ \end_inset @@ -31447,24 +31680,15 @@ H2CO3 \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset SO4^2- @@ -31472,11 +31696,11 @@ SO4^2- \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$ \end_inset @@ -31485,24 +31709,15 @@ SO4^2- \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset (NH4)2S @@ -31510,11 +31725,11 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{(NH4)2S}$ \end_inset @@ -31523,24 +31738,15 @@ spce \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset KCr(SO4)2.12H2O @@ -31548,11 +31754,11 @@ KCr(SO4)2.12H2O \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}$ \end_inset @@ -31561,54 +31767,27 @@ KCr(SO4)2.12H2O \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A-B \backslash dbond -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C \backslash tbond -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset D @@ -31616,11 +31795,11 @@ D \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}$ \end_inset @@ -31629,24 +31808,15 @@ D \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ^227 @@ -31662,11 +31832,11 @@ Th+ \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}$ \end_inset @@ -31676,75 +31846,71 @@ Th+ - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +mu +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -CO2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - \backslash -spce +hyphen +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +Cl \end_layout \end_inset - -+ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{\ensuremath{\mu\hyphen}Cl}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset - -C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout - \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +ce +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -<=> -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +CO2 +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset ++ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\backslash -spce -\end_layout +C +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset +<=> +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2CO @@ -31756,7 +31922,7 @@ spce \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}$ \end_inset @@ -31765,63 +31931,27 @@ spce \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset CO2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ->[ @@ -31829,16 +31959,7 @@ spce alpha][ \backslash beta] -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2CO} @@ -31846,11 +31967,11 @@ spce \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}$ \end_inset @@ -31873,43 +31994,27 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \series bold +\color none Note: \series default - Inserting a formula to a + It is not possible in \SpecialChar LyX + to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as described + in the \series bold - -\backslash -ce +mhchem \series default - box will lead to LaTeX errors. - In this case TeX code has to be used like for + manual. + One instead uses a negative thin space followed by the command \series bold \backslash -ce{$ -\backslash -mu -\backslash -hyphen$Cl} +uparrow \series default : -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -ce{$ -\backslash -mu -\backslash -hyphen$Cl} -\end_layout - +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{Fe + 2H+ -> Fe^{2+} + H2\negthinspace\uparrow}$ \end_inset - + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -31944,81 +32049,27 @@ reference "eq:chem-reaction" \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2Na+ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset SO4^2- -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -> -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset Na2SO4 @@ -32057,9 +32108,11 @@ reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2" are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation has its own number. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\ -\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}\end{eqnarray} +\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -32084,7 +32137,7 @@ mhchem cf \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32116,19 +32169,13 @@ key "mhchem" . \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Diagrams \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams: +\SpecialChar LyX + supports two types of commutative diagrams: \series bold amscd \series default @@ -32141,7 +32188,7 @@ xymatrix \begin_layout Subsection Amscd Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32156,10 +32203,13 @@ Diagrams ! amscd \begin_layout Standard Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines or arrows: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\ @AAA@.@VVV\\ -F@<<, resp., it is placed +If text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed above the arrow. When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under the arrow. @@ -32259,7 +32309,8 @@ When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow. When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right beside the arrow. - If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace. + If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a \SpecialChar TeX + brace. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -32267,10 +32318,13 @@ As example a diagram with all possible relations: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\ @AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\ -D@<k>>F@=C\end{CD}\] +D@<k>>F@=C +\end{CD} +\] \end_inset @@ -32287,16 +32341,7 @@ The command for this is: \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return @@ -32304,40 +32349,19 @@ A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32357,40 +32381,19 @@ V@| Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32400,7 +32403,7 @@ D@<k>>F@=C \begin_layout Subsection Xymatrix Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32413,7 +32416,8 @@ Diagrams ! xymatrix \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package +To be able to use xymatrices, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold xypic \series default @@ -32446,7 +32450,7 @@ XY-pic manual \emph default that you find in the menu \family sans -Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Help\SpecialChar menuseparator Specific \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -32462,7 +32466,7 @@ Manuals Feynman \noun default Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32479,7 +32483,8 @@ To be able to use \noun on Feynman \noun default --diagrams, the LaTeX-package +-diagrams, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold feyn \series default @@ -32511,13 +32516,14 @@ Examples how to create \noun on Feynman- \noun default -diagrams in LyX is given in the +diagrams in \SpecialChar LyX + is given in the \emph on Feynman-diagram manual \emph default that you find in the menu \family sans -Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Help\SpecialChar menuseparator Specific \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -32527,9 +32533,16 @@ Manuals . \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Section User-defined Commands -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32565,12 +32578,12 @@ The Command newcommand \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:The-Command-newcommand" +name "subsec:The-Command-newcommand" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32582,7 +32595,7 @@ newcommand \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32597,7 +32610,8 @@ newcommand \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Many LaTeX-commands are too long to be used frequently. +Many \SpecialChar LaTeX +-commands are too long to be used frequently. But it is possible to define with the command \series bold @@ -32631,27 +32645,15 @@ value] \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32669,7 +32671,8 @@ status open Note: \series default Assure that the name of the new command is not already used in your document - or by LaTeX-packages that you use. + or by \SpecialChar LaTeX +-packages that you use. When you for example define the command \series bold @@ -32747,7 +32750,8 @@ gr \backslash Longrightarrow \series default -, the LaTeX-preamble line is: +, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line is: \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset @@ -32873,7 +32877,7 @@ framebox , see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Boxes-with-Frame" +reference "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame" \end_inset @@ -32887,7 +32891,7 @@ To create a new command for \backslash fcolorbox \series default - where the color for the box needn't to be specified, the argument for the + where the color for the box need not be specified, the argument for the color is defined optional: \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset @@ -32929,15 +32933,19 @@ white \begin_layout Standard A test of the new defined commands: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -32953,45 +32961,20 @@ Command \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout A \backslash gr -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -32999,7 +32982,7 @@ B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33013,7 +32996,7 @@ B - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33024,11 +33007,11 @@ us{ABcd \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\us{ABcd}$ \end_inset @@ -33037,8 +33020,8 @@ us{ABcd \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33059,16 +33042,7 @@ fb{[2cm] { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33076,11 +33050,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -33089,8 +33063,8 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33105,16 +33079,7 @@ cb{red { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33122,11 +33087,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\cb{red}{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -33135,8 +33100,8 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33153,16 +33118,7 @@ cb[green] { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33170,11 +33126,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -33192,7 +33148,7 @@ A=B \begin_layout Subsection Math Macros -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33202,7 +33158,7 @@ User-defined commands! Math macros \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33216,17 +33172,21 @@ Macros \begin_layout Standard User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions. - When you are for example dealing in a document with quadratic equations, + When you are for example dealing with a document that has quadratic equations, the same solution type occurs several times. The general form of a quadratic equation is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q +\] \end_inset The general form of the solution is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q} +\] \end_inset @@ -33251,7 +33211,8 @@ To define a command for the solution formula where only the three parameters \begin_inset Formula $\lambda$ \end_inset - can be given optionally, the LaTeX-preamble line is + can be given optionally, the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line is \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -33272,27 +33233,15 @@ pm \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33336,7 +33285,8 @@ lambda \begin_layout Standard The definition of the new command is unintuitive because one has to know - the schemes of all used LaTeX commands, e. + the schemes of all used \SpecialChar LaTeX + commands, e. \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -33344,7 +33294,8 @@ g. \begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset -that a fraction is inserted in LaTeX as +that a fraction is inserted in \SpecialChar LaTeX + as \series bold \backslash @@ -33352,8 +33303,10 @@ frac{numerator}{denominator} \series default . Furthermore one can easily forget a brace in the definition and cannot - see in LyX what the new command is doing. - To avoid these problems LyX offers the possibility to use math macros instead + see in \SpecialChar LyX + what the new command is doing. + To avoid these problems \SpecialChar LyX + offers the possibility to use math macros instead of the command \series bold @@ -33366,15 +33319,14 @@ newcommand \begin_layout Standard A math macro is created by using the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro newmacroname_newcommand" \end_inset . @@ -33390,6 +33342,7 @@ Macro \begin_inset Graphics filename clipart/macrobox.png + scale 75 \end_inset @@ -33432,33 +33385,35 @@ g #1 \series default or by using the macro toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-param" \end_inset . Argument placeholders are displayed red. - Maximum 9 arguments are possible. - Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - scale 85 + A maximum of 9 +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset +arguments are possible. + Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-optional-param" \end_inset . The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-optional" \end_inset . - In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in LyX can be defined. + In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in \SpecialChar LyX + can be defined. Normally you want to see it as it is defined, so the box is kept empty. But when you have created a macro that needs lot of space on the screen, you can insert in the box for example @@ -33498,7 +33453,8 @@ qG: \series default For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will - then be displayed in LyX, leading to a better overview. + then be displayed in \SpecialChar LyX +, leading to a better overview. The formula appears in the output as defined in the first box. \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -33506,7 +33462,7 @@ For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will The appearance of macros in formulas can furthermore be changed for single macros by setting the cursor in the macro and using the menu \family sans -View\SpecialChar \menuseparator +View\SpecialChar menuseparator (Un)fold \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -33529,7 +33485,8 @@ To use a macro, the macro name is inserted as command to a formula, in our qG \series default . - Our macro looks in LyX like this: + Our macro looks in \SpecialChar LyX + like this: \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -33540,6 +33497,7 @@ qG \begin_inset Graphics filename clipart/macrouse.png + scale 75 \end_inset @@ -33567,8 +33525,10 @@ Here is our macro example with the arguments \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\qG x{\ln(x)}B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\qG x{\ln(x)}B +\] \end_inset @@ -33576,11 +33536,12 @@ Here is our macro example with the arguments \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -LyX offers in the menu +\SpecialChar LyX + offers in the menu \family sans -Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator +Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator +Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator Control \family default different styles to edit macros. @@ -33602,13 +33563,13 @@ newcommand \backslash newcommand \series default - command is not placed in the LaTeX-preamble, therefore macros can only - be used in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition - box. + command is not placed in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble, therefore macros can only be used + in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition box. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Math macros can also be directly be created from a +Math macros can also be directly created from a \series bold \backslash @@ -33633,7 +33594,8 @@ xleftarrow[#2]{#1}} \series default -in LyX as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut +in \SpecialChar LyX + as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut \family sans Ctrl+M @@ -33646,12 +33608,13 @@ Ctrl+M newcommand \series default command is typed correctly, otherwise you get a faulty macro leading to - LaTeX errors. + \SpecialChar LaTeX + errors. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Math macros currently yet have the problem that further formulas in macro - definitions are handled wrongly. +Math macros currently have the problem that further formulas in macro definition +s are handled wrongly. Therefore the example \series bold @@ -33661,7 +33624,7 @@ fb from \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand" +reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand" \end_inset @@ -33670,7 +33633,8 @@ reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand" \begin_layout Standard When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar - in LyX: + in \SpecialChar LyX +: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -33687,7 +33651,7 @@ When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33720,19 +33684,17 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-param" \end_inset @@ -33746,13 +33708,13 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Remove Last Argument \end_layout @@ -33764,11 +33726,9 @@ Remove Last Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-param" \end_inset @@ -33782,13 +33742,13 @@ Remove Last Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Append Argument \end_layout @@ -33800,11 +33760,9 @@ Append Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-optional" \end_inset @@ -33818,44 +33776,32 @@ Append Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Make First Non-Optional into +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator +Transform First Non-Optional to \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33871,11 +33817,9 @@ Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-nonoptional" \end_inset @@ -33889,44 +33833,32 @@ Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Make Last Optional into +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator +Transform Last Optional to \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33942,11 +33874,9 @@ Non-Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -33960,13 +33890,13 @@ Non-Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Remove Optional Argument \end_layout @@ -33978,11 +33908,9 @@ Remove Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -33996,13 +33924,13 @@ Remove Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Insert Optional Argument \end_layout @@ -34014,11 +33942,9 @@ Insert Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-greedy-param" \end_inset @@ -34032,44 +33958,32 @@ Insert Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Remove Last Argument \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34085,11 +33999,9 @@ Spitting Out To The Right \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-append-greedy-param" \end_inset @@ -34103,44 +34015,32 @@ Spitting Out To The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Append Argument \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34156,11 +34056,9 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -34174,75 +34072,202 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator Macro \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator Append Optional Argument \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator +Macro +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator -\backslash -hphantom{ \end_layout \end_inset -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Macro -\begin_inset space ~ +Eating From The Right +\end_layout + \end_inset + + + -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +\end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\end_layout -} +\begin_layout Section +Computer Algebra Systems +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\SpecialChar LyX + offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in \SpecialChar LyX +'s math + editor and external applications or user defined scripts. + Currently supported applications are +\family sans +Maple +\family default +, +\family sans +Mathematica +\family default +, +\family sans +Maxima +\family default + and +\family sans +Octave +\family default +. + Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only + to very simple cases. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Usage \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Write some expression in a formula, go to the +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar menuseparator +Use Computer Algebra System +\family default + menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer. + After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the + expression together with the +\begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset -Eating From The Right += +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + operator. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Here are few simple examples (with results from +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default +) to show what kind of computations can be performed: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$ \end_inset - - - + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc} +1 & 6 & 7\\ +2 & 5 & 8\\ +3 & 4 & 17 +\end{array}\right]=-56$ \end_inset \end_layout +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Keyboard shortcut +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage +Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications. + One can easily bind a shortcut to the +\family sans +math-extern +\family default + \SpecialChar LyX + function (see the +\family sans +\emph on +\SpecialChar LyX + Functions +\family default +\emph default + manual). + One could e. +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +g. +\begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset +bind the +\family sans +Return +\family default + key inside the math editor. + To bind it to +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default + one would use this shortcut definition command: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\series bold +command-alternatives paragraph-break;math-extern maxima \end_layout \begin_layout Section -Tips -\begin_inset Index +Miscellaneous +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Tips +Miscellaneous \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34252,7 +34277,7 @@ Tips \begin_layout Subsection Negative Numbers -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34278,17 +34303,21 @@ Thus, the problem disappears when converting the minus sign to mathematical \begin_layout Standard An example to visualize the problem: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34308,7 +34337,7 @@ x = -2 - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34317,7 +34346,7 @@ formula: \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34331,7 +34360,7 @@ formula: - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34362,7 +34391,7 @@ solution: \begin_layout Subsection Comma as decimal Separator -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34375,7 +34404,8 @@ Comma \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -In LaTeX a comma inside a formula is used, according to the English convention, +In \SpecialChar LaTeX + a comma inside a formula is used, according to the English convention, as number group separator. So there will be space added behind all commas in formulas. \end_layout @@ -34406,12 +34436,13 @@ status collapsed \series bold icomma \series default - is part of the LaTeX-package + is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34439,7 +34470,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34448,7 +34479,8 @@ Packages ! icomma \end_inset - is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line + is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34463,12 +34495,12 @@ usepackage{icomma} Physical Vectors \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Physical-Vectors" +name "subsec:Physical-Vectors" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34481,12 +34513,13 @@ Vectors ! physical \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Predefined vectors are offered by the LaTeX-package +Predefined vectors are offered by the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold braket \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34495,7 +34528,8 @@ Packages ! braket \end_inset - that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line + that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34524,7 +34558,8 @@ ifbraket status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold braket \series default @@ -34538,17 +34573,21 @@ braket \begin_layout Standard The following commands are defined: +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34557,7 +34596,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34568,7 +34607,7 @@ Result - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34581,7 +34620,7 @@ psi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34595,7 +34634,7 @@ psi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34608,7 +34647,7 @@ psi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34622,7 +34661,7 @@ psi - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34637,7 +34676,7 @@ phi \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34665,8 +34704,10 @@ The command Braket \series default assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}} +\] \end_inset @@ -34688,7 +34729,8 @@ else status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold braket \series default @@ -34701,7 +34743,8 @@ braket \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You need to install the LaTeX-package +You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold braket \series default @@ -34740,7 +34783,7 @@ middle , that is described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" +reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset @@ -34751,12 +34794,12 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" Self-defined Fractions \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" +name "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34776,13 +34819,26 @@ To define custom commands for fractions, the command genfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout Commands ! G ! \backslash genfrac +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34808,27 +34864,15 @@ bracket}{fraction bar thickness}{style} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash genfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34846,17 +34890,21 @@ The style is a number in the range of 0 \end_inset 3. +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34865,7 +34913,7 @@ Number \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34876,7 +34924,7 @@ Style (Size) - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34885,7 +34933,7 @@ Style (Size) \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34896,7 +34944,7 @@ display style formula - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34905,7 +34953,7 @@ display style formula \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34916,7 +34964,7 @@ inline formula - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34925,7 +34973,7 @@ inline formula \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34936,7 +34984,7 @@ small - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34945,7 +34993,7 @@ small \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35000,7 +35048,7 @@ tbinom from \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Fractions" +reference "subsec:Fractions" \end_inset @@ -35040,7 +35088,8 @@ genfrac{(}{)}{0pt}{1}{#1}{#2}} \end_inset To define a fraction where the fraction bar thickness can be given as optional - argument, the following line is inserted to the LaTeX-preamble: + argument, the following line is inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35057,9 +35106,11 @@ genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}} \begin_layout Standard A test: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\ -\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*} +\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -35069,7 +35120,7 @@ As one can see, the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the \begin_layout Subsection Canceled Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35082,29 +35133,7 @@ Formula ! canceled \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package -\series bold -cancel -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! cancel -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage[samesize]{cancel} +There are four ways to cancel formulas or parts of formulas: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35125,7 +35154,8 @@ ifcancel status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold cancel \series default @@ -35135,21 +35165,21 @@ cancel \end_inset -\end_layout +\begin_inset Separator parbreak +\end_inset + -\begin_layout Standard -There are four ways to cancel formulas: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35158,25 +35188,44 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout Result -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -The space and -\series bold - + \backslash -raisebox -\series default - are used here as spacer. +cancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\backslash +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +A=B \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\cancel{\int A=B}$ +\end_inset \end_layout @@ -35184,26 +35233,21 @@ raisebox \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -cancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +bcancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -35211,11 +35255,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\cancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\bcancel{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -35224,26 +35268,21 @@ A=B \end_inset - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -bcancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +xcancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -35251,11 +35290,11 @@ A=B \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\xcancel{\int A=B}$ \end_inset @@ -35265,37 +35304,36 @@ A=B - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -xcancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +cancelto +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +1 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\xcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\hspace{3mm}$ \end_inset @@ -35304,22 +35342,100 @@ A=B \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text + -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold \backslash -cancelto{1 -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +cancelto +\series default + is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}} +\] + \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To change the size of +\series bold + \backslash -{ +cancelto +\series default +'s +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +subscript +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + value one can add the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + \backslash -int +PassOptionsToPackage{option}{cancel} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +where +\series bold +option +\series default + is either +\series bold +samesize +\series default + which leads to the same size as for the canceled value, or +\series bold +Smaller +\series default + which makes is it a bit smaller than normal. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To color the cancellation bar one adds this command as \SpecialChar TeX + code: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +renewcommand{ +\backslash +CancelColor}{ +\backslash +color{red}} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +red +\series default + can be replaced by a color of your choice. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -35327,30 +35443,53 @@ status collapsed \backslash -spce +renewcommand{ +\backslash +CancelColor}{ +\backslash +color{red}} \end_layout \end_inset -A=B + \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}} +\] + \end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}\hspace{3mm}$ -\end_inset +\backslash +renewcommand{ +\backslash +CancelColor}{ +\backslash +color{black}} \end_layout \end_inset - - - + + +\begin_inset Note Note +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +reset the color +\end_layout \end_inset @@ -35358,15 +35497,24 @@ A=B \end_layout \begin_layout Standard - +For further customizations, see the documentation of the package \series bold - -\backslash -cancelto +cancel \series default - is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\] +, +\begin_inset CommandInset citation +LatexCommand cite +key "cancel" + +\end_inset + +. +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! cancel +\end_layout \end_inset @@ -35391,7 +35539,8 @@ else status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold cancel \series default @@ -35404,7 +35553,8 @@ cancel \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You need to install the LaTeX-package +You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold cancel \series default @@ -35431,12 +35581,12 @@ fi Formulas in Section Headings \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Formulas-in-Section" +name "subsec:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35463,7 +35613,7 @@ When hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35495,7 +35645,7 @@ s. Both problems can be solved by inserting at the end of the section heading a short title with the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator Short \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -35514,7 +35664,8 @@ When formulas should be used in the table of contents but \series bold hyperref \series default - is used, one can use the following command in TeX-mode: + is used, one can use the following command in \SpecialChar TeX + mode: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35523,7 +35674,7 @@ hyperref \backslash texorpdfstring{part}{alternative} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35570,7 +35721,7 @@ Heading without formula in table of contents \end_inset -\begin_inset OptArg +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35650,7 +35801,7 @@ status collapsed see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Bold-Formulas" +reference "subsec:Bold-Formulas" \end_inset @@ -35664,7 +35815,7 @@ reference "sub:Bold-Formulas" \begin_layout Subsection Formulas in multi-column Text -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35679,7 +35830,8 @@ Formula ! in multi-column text \begin_layout Standard Formulas in multi-column text are often too wide to fit into a column and thus need to be set over the whole page width. - This is done by using the LaTeX-package + This is done by using the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold multicol \series default @@ -35692,13 +35844,14 @@ status collapsed \series bold multicol \series default - is part of every LaTeX standard installation. + is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX + standard installation. \end_layout \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35707,7 +35860,8 @@ Packages ! multicol \end_inset -, that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line +, that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35723,7 +35877,7 @@ usepackage{multicol} status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -Note herby that the setting +Note that in this case the setting \family sans Two-column \begin_inset space ~ @@ -35733,7 +35887,7 @@ document \family default in the menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator Settings \family default under @@ -35772,7 +35926,8 @@ begin{multicols}{column number} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -is written in TeX-mode. +is written in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. The column number is a number in the range of 2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -35794,7 +35949,8 @@ end{multicols} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -in TeX-mode. +in \SpecialChar TeX + mode. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35838,7 +35994,7 @@ As example a multi-column text with a displayed formula: \begin_layout Standard -\lang german +\lang ngerman \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -35884,8 +36040,10 @@ end{multicols} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -35932,7 +36090,7 @@ wobei \begin_layout Standard -\lang german +\lang ngerman \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -35950,7 +36108,7 @@ end{multicols} \begin_layout Subsection Formulas with Description of Variables -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36025,7 +36183,7 @@ status collapsed font sizes see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Sizes" +reference "subsec:Font-Sizes" \end_inset @@ -36083,7 +36241,7 @@ Indented , see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Variable-Space" +reference "subsec:Variable-Space" \end_inset @@ -36104,7 +36262,7 @@ Centered is used, the method described in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Flalign-Environment" +reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment" \end_inset @@ -36116,13 +36274,17 @@ reference "eq:within" \end_inset - consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation, - the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} + consists of five columns where in the first two columns contain the equation, + the third the matrix and the last one an empty \SpecialChar TeX + brace. +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} \hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll} \rho & \textrm{density}\\ V & \textrm{volume}\\ -g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign} +g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration} +\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -36133,12 +36295,12 @@ g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{ Upright small Greek Letters \begin_inset CommandInset label LatexCommand label -name "sub:Upright-small-Greek" +name "subsec:Upright-small-Greek" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36167,12 +36329,13 @@ status collapsed \series bold upgreek \series default - is part of the LaTeX-package + is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36200,7 +36363,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36209,7 +36372,8 @@ Packages ! upgreek \end_inset - that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line + that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36240,7 +36404,8 @@ ifupgreek status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold upgreek \series default @@ -36249,8 +36414,8 @@ upgreek \end_inset - They are created when the command for a small Greek letters is started - with + They are created when the command for a small Greek letter is started with + \series bold up \series default @@ -36270,8 +36435,10 @@ uptau \begin_layout Standard With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu} +\] \end_inset @@ -36309,7 +36476,8 @@ else status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package +The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold upgreek \series default @@ -36322,7 +36490,8 @@ upgreek \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -You need to install the LaTeX-package +You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold upgreek \series default @@ -36347,14 +36516,7 @@ fi \begin_layout Subsection Text Characters in Formulas -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "sub:Text-Characters-in" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36386,7 +36548,7 @@ status collapsed see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Binary-Operators" +reference "subsec:Binary-Operators" \end_inset @@ -36397,7 +36559,8 @@ reference "sub:Binary-Operators" all the time, because this character is defined in all encodings as text character. - But the encoding can be changed by this LaTeX-preamble line: + But the encoding can be changed by this \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36415,15 +36578,15 @@ else \backslash textperiodcentered \backslash -f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{} +f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak i} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The character encoding (menu \family sans -Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Document\SpecialChar menuseparator +Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator Language \family default ) specifies what character appears when a keyboard key is pressed. @@ -36434,15 +36597,15 @@ Language textperiodcentered \series default is used. - But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get LaTeX-erro -rs. + But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get \SpecialChar LaTeX +-errors. With the changed encoding the right command is chosen automatically, depending on if the character was inserted into a formula or not. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard The encoding of several characters is saved in definition files. - Fore example the encoding + For example the encoding \series bold latin9 \series default @@ -36450,11 +36613,14 @@ latin9 \series bold latin9.def \series default - that is in the installation folder of LaTeX. - Encodings should only be changed via the LaTeX-preamble and not in the - definition files. - Otherwise own documents could not be edited by other LyX users working - on other computers. + which is in the installation folder of \SpecialChar LaTeX +. + Encodings should only be changed via the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble and not in the definition + files. + Otherwise documents could not be edited by other \SpecialChar LyX + users working on other + computers. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36462,8 +36628,9 @@ latin9.def \end_inset Besides the centered dot, in this document the degree sign ° is defined - with the following LaTeX-preamble line so that it can directly be inserted - to a formula: + with the following \SpecialChar LaTeX +-preamble line so that it can be directly inserted into + a formula: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36481,10 +36648,88 @@ else \backslash textdegree \backslash -f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{} +f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak i} \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +\SpecialChar LaTeX +-comments in formulas +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\SpecialChar LaTeX +-comments +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the \SpecialChar LaTeX + source + code of your file with the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Note\SpecialChar menuseparator +Comment +\family default +. + This is not possible in a formula but you can insert \SpecialChar LaTeX +-comments with the + command +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This creates a box in which you can write your comment. + Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX + +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset href +LatexCommand href +name "LyX-bug #9002" +target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + you cannot write normal text inside the comment, even when you use mathematical + text, you will see its \SpecialChar LaTeX +-commands in the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-output. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +This a formula with a \SpecialChar LaTeX +-comment: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A=B%\text{This is the comment} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -36495,7 +36740,7 @@ i} \begin_layout Section \start_of_appendix Typographic Advice -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36559,7 +36804,7 @@ status collapsed done with font styles, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Font-Styles" +reference "subsec:Font-Styles" \end_inset @@ -36579,7 +36824,7 @@ km/h Between the value and the unit is the smallest space, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Predefined-Space" +reference "subsec:Predefined-Space" \end_inset @@ -36611,13 +36856,15 @@ unittwo \backslash unittwo \series default - is not a real LaTeX command but the command + is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX + command but the command \series bold \backslash unit[value]{unit} \series default -, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code. +, therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX + code. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize @@ -36625,7 +36872,7 @@ Percent and perthousand signs are set like physical units: \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -1,2 +1.2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -36685,8 +36932,8 @@ times \series default or via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator Symbols \family default . @@ -36697,7 +36944,7 @@ Functions with names consisting of several letters are set upright to avoid confusions, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Predefined-Functions" +reference "subsec:Predefined-Functions" \end_inset @@ -36736,39 +36983,16 @@ Fourier \backslash mathscr -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset - -\backslash -{F +F \series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! M ! -\backslash -mathscr -\end_layout - -\end_inset - or via the menu \family sans -Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Symbols\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator +Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator +Symbols\SpecialChar menuseparator Letterlike \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset @@ -36780,36 +37004,6 @@ Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Newline newline -\end_inset - -To be able to use the command -\series bold - -\backslash -mathscr -\series default -, the LaTeX package -\series bold -mathrsfs -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! mathrsfs -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - needs to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage{mathrsfs} -\series default -. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36821,7 +37015,7 @@ usepackage{mathrsfs} \begin_layout Section Synonyms -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36849,11 +37043,11 @@ Some characters and symbols can be created with several commands. \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36862,34 +37056,18 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout equivalent to -\begin_inset Note Note -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -raisebox -\series default - is only used as spacer. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36900,41 +37078,18 @@ ast \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -raisebox{-1.2mm}{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - * -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36945,7 +37100,7 @@ choose \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36958,7 +37113,7 @@ binom - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36969,7 +37124,7 @@ geq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36982,7 +37137,7 @@ ge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36993,7 +37148,7 @@ lbrace \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37004,7 +37159,7 @@ lbrace - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37015,7 +37170,7 @@ lbracket \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37026,7 +37181,7 @@ lbracket - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37037,7 +37192,7 @@ leftarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37050,7 +37205,7 @@ gets - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37061,7 +37216,7 @@ leq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37074,7 +37229,7 @@ le - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37085,7 +37240,7 @@ lor \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37098,7 +37253,7 @@ vee - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37109,7 +37264,7 @@ neq \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37122,7 +37277,7 @@ not= - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37133,7 +37288,7 @@ slash \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37144,7 +37299,7 @@ slash - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37155,7 +37310,7 @@ vert \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37176,11 +37331,11 @@ vert \begin_inset Tabular - + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37189,7 +37344,7 @@ Command \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37200,7 +37355,7 @@ equivalent to - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37211,7 +37366,7 @@ backslash \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37226,7 +37381,7 @@ backslash - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37237,7 +37392,7 @@ dasharrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37250,7 +37405,7 @@ dashrightarrow - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37261,7 +37416,7 @@ land \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37274,7 +37429,7 @@ wedge - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37285,7 +37440,7 @@ rbrace \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37296,7 +37451,7 @@ rbrace - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37307,7 +37462,7 @@ rbracket \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37318,7 +37473,7 @@ rbracket - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37329,7 +37484,7 @@ rightarrow \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37342,7 +37497,7 @@ to - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37353,7 +37508,7 @@ lnot \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37366,7 +37521,7 @@ neg - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37377,7 +37532,7 @@ ne \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37390,7 +37545,7 @@ not= - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37401,7 +37556,7 @@ owns \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37414,7 +37569,7 @@ ni - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37425,7 +37580,7 @@ square \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37438,7 +37593,7 @@ Box - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37449,7 +37604,7 @@ Vert \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37493,7 +37648,8 @@ Mittelbach, F. \shape default : \shape italic -The LaTeX Companion +The \SpecialChar LaTeX + Companion \shape default . Addison Wesley, 2004 @@ -37514,7 +37670,8 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/math/voss/mathmode/Mathmode.pdf" \end_inset - of LaTeX's math abilities + of \SpecialChar LaTeX +'s math abilities \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography @@ -37528,7 +37685,7 @@ key "AMS" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Description" -target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf" +target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/amsldoc.pdf" \end_inset @@ -37545,7 +37702,8 @@ AmS \end_inset --LaTeX +-\SpecialChar LaTeX + \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography @@ -37563,13 +37721,14 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf \end_inset - of all symbols available with LaTeX-packages + of all symbols available with \SpecialChar LaTeX +-packages \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem -key "hyperref" +key "cancel" \end_inset @@ -37577,20 +37736,21 @@ key "hyperref" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Documentation" -target "http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/ftp/doc/manual.pdf" +target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/cancel/cancel.pdf" \end_inset - of the LaTeX-package + of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold -hyperref +cancel \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! hyperref +Packages ! cancel \end_layout \end_inset @@ -37601,7 +37761,7 @@ Packages ! hyperref \begin_layout Bibliography \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem -key "mhchem" +key "hyperref" \end_inset @@ -37609,20 +37769,21 @@ key "mhchem" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Documentation" -target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf" +target "http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/ftp/doc/manual.pdf" \end_inset - of the LaTeX-package + of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold -mhchem +hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! mhchem +Packages ! hyperref \end_layout \end_inset @@ -37633,39 +37794,29 @@ Packages ! mhchem \begin_layout Bibliography \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem -key "Mathclap" +key "mhchem" \end_inset \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href -name "Description" -target "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-4/tb72perlS.pdf" +name "Documentation" +target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf" \end_inset - of the command + of the \SpecialChar LaTeX +-package \series bold - -\backslash -mathclap +mhchem \series default -, described in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Operator-Limits" - -\end_inset - -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! M ! -\backslash -mathclap +Packages ! mhchem \end_layout \end_inset @@ -37700,7 +37851,7 @@ key "Checklist" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Check list" -target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf" +target "http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec11.html" \end_inset @@ -37710,6 +37861,7 @@ target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf" \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset CommandInset index_print LatexCommand printindex +type "idx" \end_inset