X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fdoc%2FMath.lyx;h=18b503b549848d8499472978f0926f642443d563;hb=a264d50faae0765932485cc5caee39c20a5115da;hp=dc31bc48bc0b1538ec4e1ce8e6f2281b414a6e6c;hpb=67bfa2f87e620365714a961a31fee1a9620c0155;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/doc/Math.lyx b/lib/doc/Math.lyx index dc31bc48bc..18b503b549 100644 --- a/lib/doc/Math.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/Math.lyx @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 413 +#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 474 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass scrartcl @@ -23,27 +23,21 @@ \fi % end if pdflatex is used -% Folgendes Problem lösen: -% Besteht die Kapitelnummer aus zu vielen Ziffern, wird die -% Kapitelüberschrift im Inhaltsverzeichnis direkt an oder über -% die Kapitelnummer geschrieben. -% Als Lösung wird mehr Platz zwischen Nummer und -% Überschrift eingefügt. +% solves the following problem: +% If the dection number consits of too many numerals the section heading +% will be printed in the TOC without a space between it and the section number. +% As solution more space between the number and the heading is inserted: \renewcommand{\l@subsection}{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.8em}} \renewcommand{\l@subsubsection}{\@dottedtocline{3}{4.3em}{3.6em}} -% To be able to enter the character ° and · directly in LyX, -% see sec. 22.11 -\DeclareInputText{176}{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi} -\DeclareInputText{183}{\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi} - % increase link area for cross-references and autoname them, \AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}} +\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{\usepackage[english]{babel}}{} \addto\extrasenglish{% - \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{} - \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} - \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} - \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} + \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}% + \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% + \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% + \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}% } % don't load packages twice @@ -68,9 +62,6 @@ % provides caption formatting \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries} -% used in sec. 24.5 -\usepackage[samesize]{cancel} - % enables calculation of values \usepackage{calc} @@ -90,8 +81,6 @@ \DeclareMathOperator*{\Lozenge}{\blacklozenge} \DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn} -\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace} - % example definitions for sec. 20.1 \newcommand{\gr}{\Longrightarrow} \newcommand{\us}[1]{\underline{#1}} @@ -102,16 +91,19 @@ % example macro from sec. 19.4 %\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{|#1|}} -% macro from sec. 10.2 -\def\clap#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}} -\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal} -\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}} - % ------------------------------------ % used to check for needed LaTeX packages \usepackage{ifthen} +% check for package undertilde +% used for the command \utilde +\newboolean{undertilde} +\IfFileExists{undertilde.sty} + {\usepackage{undertilde} + \setboolean{undertilde}{true}} + {\setboolean{undertilde}{false}} + % check for package eurosym % used for the Euro symbol \newboolean{eurosym} @@ -152,13 +144,13 @@ \font_roman default \font_sans default \font_typewriter default +\font_math auto \font_default_family default \use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 \font_tt_scale 100 - \graphics default \default_output_format default \output_sync 0 @@ -183,15 +175,24 @@ \pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false" \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false -\use_amsmath 2 -\use_esint 1 -\use_mhchem 1 -\use_mathdots 1 +\use_package amsmath 2 +\use_package amssymb 2 +\use_package cancel 0 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 2 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 0 +\use_package stmaryrd 0 +\use_package undertilde 0 \cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain \use_bibtopic false \use_indices false \paperorientation portrait \suppress_date false +\justification true \use_refstyle 0 \notefontcolor #0000ff \index Index @@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ author: Uwe Stöhr \family sans -Version 2.0.x +Version 2.1.x \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages \series bold -braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mhchem +braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mathtools, mhchem, undertilde \series default and \series bold @@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ AmS \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "amsguide.ps" -target "ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex/doc/amsguide.ps" +target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amstex/amsguide.pdf" \end_inset @@ -490,10 +491,9 @@ arg "math-mode" \end_inset or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-mode.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-mode" \end_inset . @@ -643,10 +643,9 @@ T@TeX-mode \end_inset is invoked by pressing the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/ert-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "ert-insert" \end_inset or by using the menu @@ -944,52 +943,11 @@ Syntax Explanation \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -The symbol -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -This visible space character can be created with the command -\series bold - -\backslash -textvisiblespace -\series default - -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! T ! -\backslash -textvisiblespace -\end_layout - +The symbol +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -, inserted in TeX-mode. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - -denotes a space character to be input. + denotes a space character to be input. \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize @@ -1039,7 +997,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \align center -\begin_inset Caption +\begin_inset Caption Standard \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -1060,9 +1018,9 @@ Available units \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -1540,10 +1498,9 @@ _ \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-subscript.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-subscript" \end_inset , exponents with a caret @@ -1555,10 +1512,9 @@ _ \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-superscript.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-superscript" \end_inset . @@ -1568,7 +1524,7 @@ _ \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1659,16 +1615,7 @@ B^V \begin_layout Plain Layout B^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1758,20 +1705,18 @@ frac \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac.png - scale 50 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac" \end_inset . The font size is adjusted automatically, depending on whether the fraction is in an inline or display style formula. With the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac-square.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac-square" \end_inset you can select different fraction types. @@ -1851,7 +1796,7 @@ dfrac \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1898,16 +1843,7 @@ raisebox \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1940,16 +1876,7 @@ B \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -1982,31 +1909,13 @@ B \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e^ \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 1 @@ -2098,16 +2007,7 @@ The command for the example above is: \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2117,31 +2017,13 @@ A B+ \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C+ \backslash cfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset E @@ -2380,10 +2262,14 @@ reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset +Multiline fractions are explained in +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Multiline-Fractions" +\end_inset +. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -2420,10 +2306,9 @@ sqrt \end_inset or the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/sqrt.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\sqrt" \end_inset , all other roots with the command @@ -2445,10 +2330,9 @@ root \end_inset or with the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/root.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\root" \end_inset . @@ -2458,7 +2342,7 @@ root \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2505,16 +2389,7 @@ raisebox \backslash sqrt -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A-B @@ -2543,16 +2418,7 @@ A-B \backslash root -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 3 @@ -2692,16 +2558,7 @@ uproot{2 \backslash beta -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -2755,10 +2612,9 @@ binom \end_inset or with the submenu of the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/frac-square.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\frac-square" \end_inset . @@ -2854,7 +2710,7 @@ brack \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2901,16 +2757,7 @@ raisebox \backslash binom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2943,16 +2790,7 @@ B \backslash dbinom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -2985,16 +2823,7 @@ B \backslash tbinom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3027,16 +2856,7 @@ B \backslash brack -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3069,16 +2889,7 @@ B \backslash brace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3128,7 +2939,7 @@ Case differentiations \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3159,16 +2970,7 @@ Result \backslash cases -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -3214,16 +3016,7 @@ A & B>0\end{cases}$ \backslash cases -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -3268,10 +3061,9 @@ After inserting cases \series default or pressing the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/cases.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\cases" \end_inset you can create new lines with the shortcut @@ -3281,10 +3073,9 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \end_inset or the table toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset . @@ -3347,7 +3138,7 @@ not \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3571,7 +3362,7 @@ reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3674,10 +3465,9 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/space.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\space" \end_inset @@ -3709,9 +3499,9 @@ phantom \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -3754,31 +3544,13 @@ raisebox \begin_layout Plain Layout ^19 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _ \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 1 @@ -3786,16 +3558,7 @@ spce \end_inset 9 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset F @@ -3822,31 +3585,13 @@ F \begin_layout Plain Layout ^235 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _ \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 23 @@ -3854,16 +3599,7 @@ spce \end_inset 9 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset F @@ -3892,31 +3628,13 @@ F \backslash Lambda^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash phantom -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ii @@ -3924,16 +3642,7 @@ ii \end_inset t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _MMt @@ -4045,22 +3754,9 @@ For example the command \backslash vphantom -\series default - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset - -\series bold a \backslash int @@ -4156,7 +3852,7 @@ Formula ! underlined \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -4203,16 +3899,7 @@ raisebox \backslash overline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B @@ -4253,16 +3940,7 @@ overline \backslash underline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B @@ -4303,31 +3981,13 @@ underline \backslash overline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash underline -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B @@ -4517,10 +4177,9 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/ldots.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\ldots" \end_inset @@ -4591,7 +4250,7 @@ dots \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -4620,31 +4279,13 @@ Result \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset , \backslash dots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ,A_n @@ -4671,31 +4312,13 @@ spce \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + \backslash dots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +A_n @@ -4722,31 +4345,13 @@ spce \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset , \backslash ldots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ,A_n @@ -4773,31 +4378,13 @@ spce \begin_layout Plain Layout A_1 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + \backslash cdots -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset +A_n @@ -5098,16 +4685,7 @@ For example the command A \backslash dotfill -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -5184,10 +4762,9 @@ Matrices \begin_layout Standard Matrices can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show mathmatrix" \end_inset or the menu @@ -5316,17 +4893,15 @@ C & F & 10000 \begin_layout Standard To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset , -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" \end_inset , etc. @@ -5423,9 +4998,9 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -5470,16 +5045,7 @@ raisebox \backslash bmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5519,16 +5085,7 @@ matrix \backslash Bmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5568,16 +5125,7 @@ matrix \backslash pmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5620,9 +5168,9 @@ matrix \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -5651,16 +5199,7 @@ Result \backslash vmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5700,16 +5239,7 @@ matrix \backslash Vmatrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5749,16 +5279,7 @@ matrix \backslash matrix -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2 @@ -5827,44 +5348,6 @@ vmatrix Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Note Greyedout -status open - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold -Note: -\series default - LaTeX limits the number of matrix columns with decorations to 10. - If you need more than 10 -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - -columns, you have to add this line to the document preamble: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold - -\backslash -setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{number} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -where -\emph on -number -\emph default - is the number of columns between 11 and 99. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset @@ -6054,7 +5537,7 @@ Brackets ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6278,7 +5761,7 @@ lfloor \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6654,7 +6137,7 @@ These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6734,16 +6217,7 @@ For the second formula the command Big((A+B)(A-B) \backslash Big)^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C @@ -6772,16 +6246,7 @@ big{ ln(3x) \backslash big}^2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -6789,29 +6254,11 @@ spce sin(x) \backslash Big]^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -6909,9 +6356,9 @@ In the following table is a comparison of the variants: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -6962,23 +6409,10 @@ bigm( ln(3x) \backslash bigm)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Bigm) \end_layout @@ -7012,23 +6446,10 @@ big( ln(3x) \backslash big)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Big) \end_layout @@ -7062,23 +6483,10 @@ bigl( ln(3x) \backslash bigr)^2 -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\series default - \backslash Bigr) \end_layout @@ -7193,10 +6601,9 @@ right \end_inset or via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter" \end_inset . @@ -7225,16 +6632,7 @@ normal bracket: The command ln( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7242,16 +6640,7 @@ A \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ) @@ -7278,16 +6667,7 @@ ln left( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7295,16 +6675,7 @@ A \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -7360,16 +6731,7 @@ ln Alt+M ( \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7388,16 +6750,7 @@ To omit a left or right bracket, a dot is inserted for the omitted bracket. left. \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -7405,16 +6758,7 @@ A \end_inset B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -7518,7 +6862,7 @@ Brackets ! horizontal \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -7577,45 +6921,14 @@ raisebox{2.3mm}{ \backslash overbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -3 +^3 \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -7676,29 +6989,11 @@ raisebox{-2.2mm}{ \backslash underbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _5 @@ -7750,96 +7045,33 @@ underbrace \backslash overbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash underbrace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A+B_w -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _7 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C @@ -7883,12 +7115,561 @@ underbrace is inserted at first. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +, you have access to square backets: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +raisebox{2.3mm}{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +overbracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +^3 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! O ! +\backslash +overbracket +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{A+B}^{3}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +raisebox{-2.2mm}{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\backslash +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_5 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! U ! +\backslash +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket{A+B}_{5}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +overbracket{ +\backslash +underbracket{A+B_w +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_7 +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +^ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +C +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{\underbracket{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +For +\series bold + +\backslash +overbracket +\series default + and +\series bold + +\backslash +underbracket +\series default + you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the + desired thickness in square brackets behind the command: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +raisebox{2.3mm}{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +overbracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +[3pt] +\backslash +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +^3 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket[3pt]{A+B}^{3}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +raisebox{-2.2mm}{ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\backslash +under +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +bracket +\family default +\series default +\shape default +\size default +\emph default +\bar default +\strikeout default +\uuline default +\uwave default +\noun default +\color inherit +[1pt] +\backslash +{A+B +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +_5 +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket[1pt]{A+B}_{5}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -When brackets are needed that overlap each other, multiline formulas, as - described in +When brackets should overlap each other, multiline formulas, as described + in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas" @@ -8016,8 +7797,8 @@ hphantom{bbqq+dddd} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other, like in the following - example: +It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under + the formula, like in the following example: \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -8061,7 +7842,7 @@ The first formula row is the same as the second row of the previous example, The second row contains the formula together with the second brace. To avoid that there is space between the upper brace in the first row and the formula, the row spacing needs to be reduced. - This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX + This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX. \begin_inset Foot status collapsed @@ -8078,7 +7859,6 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505" \end_inset -. As a solution for the problem, the global formula row separation \series bold @@ -8147,10 +7927,9 @@ Arrows \begin_layout Standard Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/leftarrow.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leftarrow" \end_inset or the commands listed in the following subsections. @@ -8177,7 +7956,7 @@ Arrows ! horizontal \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8386,7 +8165,7 @@ hookleftarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8602,7 +8381,7 @@ hookrightarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8766,7 +8545,7 @@ rightleftharpoons \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8995,7 +8774,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9042,16 +8821,44 @@ raisebox F(a) \backslash xleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + +x=a +\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ +\end_inset + +x>0 +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +F(x) +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +F(x) +\backslash +xrightarrow +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset x=a @@ -9062,7 +8869,294 @@ x>0 \begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset -F(x) +F(a) +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +If you set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +, you have access to the following labeled arrows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + +\backslash +xleftrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + +\backslash +xLeftarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xRightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xLeftrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + +\backslash +xhookleftarrow \end_layout \end_inset @@ -9071,7 +9165,7 @@ F(x) \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -9085,30 +9179,382 @@ F(x) \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -F(x) + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none + \backslash -xrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT +xhookrightarrow +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Example +\begin_inset Note Note status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout +\series bold \backslash -spce +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. \end_layout \end_inset -x=a -\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$ + +\end_layout + \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftharpoondown +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftharpoonup +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightharpoondown +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightharpoonup +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout -x>0 -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xleftrightharpoons +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash + +\family roman +\series medium +\shape up +\size normal +\emph off +\bar no +\strikeout off +\uuline off +\uwave off +\noun off +\color none +xrightleftharpoons +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill} +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The command scheme is for all these arrows: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout F(a) +\backslash +xleftrightarrow[x=a] +\backslash +{x>0 +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +F(x) \end_layout \end_inset @@ -9117,7 +9563,7 @@ F(a) \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -9164,7 +9610,7 @@ Arrows ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9348,7 +9794,7 @@ downarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9527,10 +9973,9 @@ Accents \begin_layout Standard Accents can be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/hat.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\hat" \end_inset or the commands listed in the following subsections. @@ -9638,7 +10083,7 @@ Accents ! for one character \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9685,16 +10130,7 @@ raisebox \backslash dot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9723,16 +10159,7 @@ A \backslash ddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9761,16 +10188,7 @@ A \backslash dddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9799,16 +10217,7 @@ A \backslash ddddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9837,16 +10246,7 @@ A \backslash vec -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9885,16 +10285,7 @@ Vectors \backslash bar -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9923,16 +10314,7 @@ A \backslash mathring -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -9964,7 +10346,7 @@ A \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9995,16 +10377,7 @@ Result \backslash tilde -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10033,16 +10406,7 @@ A \backslash hat -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10071,16 +10435,7 @@ A \backslash check -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10109,16 +10464,7 @@ A \backslash acute -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10147,16 +10493,7 @@ A \backslash grave -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10185,16 +10522,7 @@ A \backslash breve -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -10280,9 +10608,9 @@ real \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -10366,16 +10694,7 @@ i \backslash ddot -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset i @@ -10438,139 +10757,126 @@ In mathematical text, umlauts and other accented characters can directly be inserted. \end_layout -\begin_layout Subsection -Accents for Operators -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Accents ! for operators -\end_layout - +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -With the commands +LyX also supports a tilde under the character if the LaTeX-package \series bold - -\backslash -overset +undertilde \series default \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! O ! -\backslash -overset +Packages ! undertilde \end_layout \end_inset - and -\series bold - -\backslash -underset -\series default + is installed on your system: +\end_layout -\begin_inset Index idx +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! U ! + + \backslash -underset +ifundertilde \end_layout \end_inset - characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively, to accent - it. - With the command -\series bold - -\backslash -sideset -\series default -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed +\begin_inset Note Note +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! S ! -\backslash -sideset +The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package +\series bold +undertilde +\series default + is installed. \end_layout \end_inset - characters can be set before and behind an operator. - The command scheme is: + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text -\series bold +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout -\backslash -sideset{character -\series default - -\series bold -before}{character -\series default - -\series bold -behind} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text -\series bold +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -sideset -\series default - must always be before the operator that should be accented. - You can accent with several characters and even with other operators and - symbols. - To place with -\series bold +utilde +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\backslash -sideset -\series default - for example only characters behind an operator, write nothing between the - first braces but don't omit the braces. +A \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -For example the command -\series bold +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text -\backslash -sideset{ -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\utilde{A}$ \end_inset -\backslash -{ -\series default -' -\series bold +\end_layout -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ \end_inset + + + +\end_inset -\backslash -sum_k=1 + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -10578,22 +10884,22 @@ status collapsed \backslash -spce +else \end_layout \end_inset -\series default -^ +\begin_inset Note Note +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package \series bold -n +undertilde \series default - produces: -\begin_inset Formula -\[ -\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n} -\] + is not installed: +\end_layout \end_inset @@ -10601,26 +10907,14 @@ n \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The command +You need to install the LaTeX-package \series bold - -\backslash -overset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce +undertilde +\series default + to see the rest of this subsection in the output. \end_layout -\end_inset - - -\backslash -maltese +\begin_layout Standard \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -10628,48 +10922,19 @@ status collapsed \backslash -spce +fi \end_layout \end_inset -\series default - -\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$ -\end_inset - - -\series bold -a -\series default - produces: -\begin_inset Formula -\[ -\overset{a}{\maltese} -\] +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset -As seen in the last example, with -\series bold -\backslash -overset -\series default - and -\series bold - -\backslash -underset -\series default - symbols and characters can also be accented; with -\series bold - -\backslash -sideset -\series default - this is not possible. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -10693,7 +10958,7 @@ Accents ! for several characters \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10740,16 +11005,7 @@ raisebox \backslash overleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10778,16 +11034,7 @@ A=B \backslash underleftarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10816,16 +11063,7 @@ A=B \backslash overleftrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10854,16 +11092,7 @@ A=B \backslash underleftrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10895,7 +11124,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10926,16 +11155,7 @@ Result \backslash overrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -10964,16 +11184,7 @@ A=B \backslash underrightarrow -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -11002,16 +11213,7 @@ A=B \backslash widetilde -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -11040,16 +11242,7 @@ A=B \backslash widehat -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -11154,16 +11347,7 @@ underset \backslash underset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -11241,16 +11425,7 @@ arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space" \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11265,10 +11440,9 @@ Space \family default several times one can select one of eight different space sizes. The spaces can also be inserted using the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/space.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\space" \end_inset or special commands. @@ -11283,22 +11457,14 @@ Space \begin_layout Standard \noindent \align center -\begin_inset VSpace -5mm -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11307,6 +11473,30 @@ Command \end_inset + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Number of +\family sans +Space +\family default + keystrokes +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -11321,6 +11511,29 @@ Command \begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -11332,6 +11545,29 @@ Command \begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +1 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -11343,6 +11579,29 @@ Command \begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -11354,6 +11613,29 @@ quad \begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash @@ -11362,20 +11644,54 @@ qquad \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$ +\end_inset + -\backslash -! \end_layout \end_inset + + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset space \hfill{} +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + - + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11383,25 +11699,29 @@ Number of \family sans Space \family default - keystrokes after inserting the protected space + keystrokes \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -0 +Result \end_layout \end_inset + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -1 + +\backslash +hfill \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11410,16 +11730,32 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -2 +5 \end_layout \end_inset + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\hfill B$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -3 + +\backslash +hspace*{1em} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11428,7 +11764,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -4 +6 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11437,39 +11773,41 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -5 +\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace*{1em}B$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -Result + +\backslash +hspace{1em} \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$ -\end_inset - - +7 \end_layout \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$ +\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{1em}B$ \end_inset @@ -11477,11 +11815,16 @@ Result \end_inset - + + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$ + +\backslash + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -11489,11 +11832,20 @@ Result \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$ +8 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $A\ B$ \end_inset @@ -11501,14 +11853,24 @@ Result \end_inset + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$ -\end_inset +\backslash +! +\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +9 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11534,7 +11896,31 @@ Result \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -The last size seem to produce no space. +Space +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +5 +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +-- +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +7 are variable spaces which are explained in +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Variable-Space" + +\end_inset + +. + Space +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +9 seems to produce no space. It is displayed red in LyX contrary to the other sizes, because it is a negative space. There are two more negative spaces: @@ -11544,7 +11930,7 @@ The last size seem to produce no space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11599,7 +11985,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -6 +10 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11608,7 +11994,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -7 +11 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -11673,9 +12059,9 @@ useful for summation operators: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -11722,16 +12108,7 @@ raisebox sum \backslash sum -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset f_kl @@ -11764,16 +12141,7 @@ sum negmedspace \backslash sum -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset f_kl @@ -11802,6 +12170,15 @@ f_kl \end_layout \begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\noindent Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a TeX-brace. The following example demonstrates this: @@ -11811,7 +12188,7 @@ Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11903,6 +12280,10 @@ B \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard Spaces are needed for physical units, because the space between the value and the unit is the smallest one and not a normal space. For units in text, the smallest space is inserted via the menu @@ -11931,9 +12312,9 @@ An example to visualize the difference: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -12107,16 +12488,7 @@ hspace \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -12133,16 +12505,38 @@ spce \color blue -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset -\begin_layout Plain Layout +\color inherit + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + The length may also be negative. + When a space would be the first character in a line it would be omitted. + To force its output use the command +\series bold \backslash -spce -\end_layout +hspace* +\series default + instead of +\series bold +\backslash +hspace +\series default + or left-click on the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + + +\color blue + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -12151,9 +12545,15 @@ spce \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset + and check the option +\family sans +Protect +\family default . - The length may also be negative. - To insert as much space as is available, the command +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +To insert as much space as is available, the command \series bold \backslash @@ -12185,9 +12585,9 @@ hfill \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -12218,20 +12618,7 @@ Result A=B \backslash hspace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -12266,20 +12653,7 @@ cm) A \backslash hspace -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -12314,16 +12688,7 @@ mm) A=A \backslash hfill -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B=B @@ -12866,9 +13231,9 @@ fbox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -12913,16 +13278,7 @@ raisebox \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -12932,16 +13288,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -12970,31 +13317,13 @@ A=B \backslash boxed -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -13023,16 +13352,7 @@ A=B A+ \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -13061,16 +13381,7 @@ B \backslash framebox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 20mm @@ -13088,16 +13399,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash frac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -13445,9 +13747,9 @@ raisebox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -13562,16 +13864,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash sqrt -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -13826,9 +14119,9 @@ yellow \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -13912,16 +14205,7 @@ colorbox{green { \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -13950,16 +14234,7 @@ A=B \backslash fbox -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -13981,16 +14256,7 @@ Ctrl+M \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C=D @@ -14037,10 +14303,9 @@ Style \family default dialog. The dialog can be called with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show character" \end_inset or the menu @@ -14499,10 +14764,9 @@ Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator Box \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/box-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "box-insert" \end_inset . @@ -15142,7 +15406,7 @@ Options \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15441,7 +15705,7 @@ bigcup \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15516,6 +15780,19 @@ status collapsed Commands ! P ! \backslash prod +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -15751,10 +16028,9 @@ biguplus \begin_layout Standard All big operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/intop.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\intop" \end_inset . @@ -15897,9 +16173,9 @@ For multiple integrals there are the following commands: \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -16022,9 +16298,9 @@ sqiint \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -16160,7 +16436,7 @@ Limits are created by super- and subscripts: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -16209,16 +16485,7 @@ raisebox prod^ \backslash infty -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -16411,16 +16678,7 @@ sum ^ \series bold n -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset _ @@ -16432,16 +16690,7 @@ _ \backslash subarray -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -16491,16 +16740,7 @@ Rows &Columns \backslash hfill -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -16537,137 +16777,418 @@ reference "eq:substack" there can be too much space beside an operator, because the characters following the operator are set beside the limits. + To avoid this the command +\series bold + +\backslash +smashoperator +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +smashoperator \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -To avoid this, the following macro can be used in the LaTeX-preamble: +\end_inset + + can be used. + To activate it, set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset +always +\family default +. + \series bold \backslash -def -\backslash -clap#1{ -\backslash -hbox to 0pt{ -\backslash -hss #1 -\backslash -hss}} +smashoperator +\series default + sets the space besides the operator to 0 +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +pt. \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset +Applied on formula +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand eqref +reference "eq:substack" -\backslash -def -\backslash -mathclap { -\backslash -mathpalette -\backslash -mathclapinternal} -\begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset +, one uses the command +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold \backslash -def -\backslash -mathclapinternal #1#2{ +smashoperator{ +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +and inserts the operator with its limits into the braces. + Behind the brace one continues the formula: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\smashoperator{\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c} +0 - + @@ -17100,7 +17668,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17434,7 +18002,7 @@ vee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17770,10 +18338,9 @@ triangleright \begin_layout Standard All binary operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/pm.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\pm" \end_inset . @@ -18072,16 +18639,7 @@ negmedspace sum \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18093,16 +18651,7 @@ spce ^N \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -18157,380 +18706,10 @@ Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Result -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -shortcut -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -mathbb -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -ABC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{ABC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcuts" -arg "font-noun" -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -mathbf -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -AbC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{AbC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcuts" -arg "font-bold" -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -boldsymbol -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -AbC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\boldsymbol{AbC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcuts" -arg "font-boldsymbol" -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -mathcal -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -ABC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{ABC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Info -type "shortcuts" -arg "font-emph" -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -mathfrak -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -AbC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{AbC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -- -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -mathscr -\series bold - -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\series default -AbC -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -- -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\align center -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - + + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -18567,20 +18746,58 @@ shortcut \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -mathit +mathbb \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +ABC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{ABC}$ +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcuts" +arg "font-noun" +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathbf +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \series default @@ -18593,7 +18810,7 @@ AbC \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{AbC}$ \end_inset @@ -18605,7 +18822,12 @@ AbC \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -- +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcuts" +arg "font-bold" +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18618,24 +18840,62 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -mathrm +boldsymbol \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\boldsymbol{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcuts" +arg "font-boldsymbol" +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathcal +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \series default -AbC +ABC \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18644,7 +18904,7 @@ AbC \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{ABC}$ \end_inset @@ -18658,7 +18918,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info type "shortcuts" -arg "font-roman" +arg "font-emph" \end_inset @@ -18674,20 +18934,181 @@ arg "font-roman" \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -mathsf +mathfrak \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathscr +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +shortcut +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -spce +mathit +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathrm +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \series default @@ -18700,7 +19121,7 @@ AbC \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$ +\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$ \end_inset @@ -18714,7 +19135,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info type "shortcuts" -arg "font-sans" +arg "font-roman" \end_inset @@ -18724,26 +19145,64 @@ arg "font-sans" - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -mathtt +mathsf \series bold -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Info +type "shortcuts" +arg "font-sans" +\end_inset -\backslash -spce \end_layout \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathtt +\series bold + +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \series default @@ -18875,10 +19334,9 @@ Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Text Style \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/font.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\font" \end_inset can be used. @@ -19296,7 +19754,14 @@ normalsize \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: +Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands + or the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\style" +\end_inset + +: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -19304,9 +19769,9 @@ Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -19546,61 +20011,25 @@ huge \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A Alt+M M \backslash Large -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash textit -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -19627,46 +20056,19 @@ Alt+M M \backslash tiny -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash maltese -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset \backslash textit -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A @@ -19693,10 +20095,9 @@ Greek letters \begin_layout Standard Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/alpha.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\alpha" \end_inset . @@ -19727,7 +20128,7 @@ Greek letters ! small \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20011,7 +20412,7 @@ vartheta \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20318,7 +20719,7 @@ rho \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20641,7 +21042,7 @@ Greek letters ! big \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20825,7 +21226,7 @@ Pi \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21117,9 +21518,9 @@ boldsymbol \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -21203,13 +21604,6 @@ theta \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -21295,17 +21689,15 @@ Symbols \begin_layout Standard Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/nabla.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\nabla" \end_inset and -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/digamma.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\digamma" \end_inset . @@ -21339,7 +21731,7 @@ Symbols ! mathematical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21598,7 +21990,7 @@ jmath \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21897,7 +22289,7 @@ Bbbk \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22182,7 +22574,7 @@ Symbols ! miscellaneous \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22433,9 +22825,9 @@ $ \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -22688,7 +23080,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22947,14 +23339,7 @@ diagdown \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset -More symbols are listed in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" - -\end_inset -. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -23132,7 +23517,7 @@ An overview about the different Euro symbols: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23389,11 +23774,10 @@ status collapsed \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/leq.png - scale 85 - +All following relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leq" \end_inset . @@ -23406,7 +23790,7 @@ All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23838,7 +24222,7 @@ nmid \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24270,7 +24654,7 @@ widehat= \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24733,6 +25117,17 @@ triangleright , respectively. \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +LyX supports also many special relations. + Use the toolbar button +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\leqq" +\end_inset + + to see a list of these relations. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space. \end_layout @@ -24763,9 +25158,9 @@ stackrel \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -24810,16 +25205,7 @@ raisebox A(r) \backslash stackrel -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset r @@ -24827,16 +25213,7 @@ r to \backslash infty -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -24846,29 +25223,11 @@ spce \backslash approx -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -24944,7 +25303,7 @@ italic \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25055,7 +25414,7 @@ The following functions are predefined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25475,10 +25834,9 @@ gcd \begin_layout Standard They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/functions.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\functions" \end_inset . @@ -25610,7 +25968,7 @@ In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25751,9 +26109,9 @@ limsup \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -25913,7 +26271,7 @@ The limit is created by inserting a subscript. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25966,29 +26324,11 @@ raisebox lim_x \backslash to -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset x=B @@ -26028,6 +26368,24 @@ In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +How to adjust the typesetting of the limits see +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "sub:Operator-Limits" + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Modulo-Functions \begin_inset Index idx @@ -26048,10 +26406,10 @@ The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants. \begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} \underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b +\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\mod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pmod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\bmod b\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pod b \end{align*} \end_inset @@ -26068,7 +26426,7 @@ In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all \begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} \underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\ +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\ \mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d \end{align*} @@ -26089,6 +26447,103 @@ Special characters \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +The characters ^ and _ would normally create a subscript and subscript, + respectively. + To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading +\backslash +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +^ +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +_ +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\_$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -26106,9 +26561,9 @@ The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode: \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -26342,9 +26797,9 @@ i \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -26491,16 +26946,7 @@ L \end_inset ` -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -26532,16 +26978,7 @@ spce \end_inset ` -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -26608,10 +27045,9 @@ The characters \end_inset can also be inserted via the math toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math/digamma.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-insert \\digamma" \end_inset . @@ -26672,9 +27108,9 @@ With the following commands all letters can be accented. \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -26775,16 +27211,7 @@ status collapsed \backslash ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26856,16 +27283,7 @@ status collapsed \backslash u -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26903,16 +27321,7 @@ u e \backslash b -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -26950,16 +27359,7 @@ b e \backslash t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ee @@ -27000,9 +27400,9 @@ t ee \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -27031,16 +27431,7 @@ Result \backslash H -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -27190,16 +27581,7 @@ status collapsed \backslash v -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -27237,16 +27619,7 @@ v e \backslash d -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -27284,16 +27657,7 @@ d e \backslash c -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset e @@ -27350,16 +27714,7 @@ t \backslash t -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset sz @@ -27510,9 +27865,9 @@ textcircled \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -27759,225 +28114,6 @@ oldstylenums{0123456789 \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Subsection -Miscellaneous special Characters -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Special characters ! miscellaneous -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\align center -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Result -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -_ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $\_$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\backslash -circ -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -@° -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$ -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble - contains the following line -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -More about this is described in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Text-Characters-in" - -\end_inset - -. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - -: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\series bold - -\backslash -DeclareInputtext{176}{ -\backslash -ifmmode^ -\backslash -circ -\backslash -else -\backslash -textdegree -\backslash -fi} -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -28166,15 +28302,11 @@ General \begin_layout Standard In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing -\series bold - \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "newline-insert newline" \end_inset - -\series default inside a formula. This creates either an \series bold @@ -28228,17 +28360,15 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" . To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-row" \end_inset or -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu @@ -28894,6 +29024,127 @@ reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts" . \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Multiline Fractions +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "sub:Multiline-Fractions" + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Fractions ! multiline +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction + is so long that the fraction does not fit into one line. + It is then necessary to add a line break within the fraction. + This can be done using the command +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +splitfrac +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +. + To activate it, set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +. + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac +\series default + has the scheme +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac{first line}{second line} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +and is used as denominator and/or numerator: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +a=\frac{\splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy}{+wy+wy+wy+wy}}{z}\ne\frac{\splitdfrac{xy+\frac{xy}{z}+xy+xy+xy}{+xy+xy+xy+xy}}{z} +\] + +\end_inset + +The command for the first numerator above is: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset + + +\backslash +{+wy+wy+wy+wy +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsubsection Multiline Brackets \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -29015,16 +29266,7 @@ left. vphantom \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -29034,16 +29276,7 @@ spce prod \series default ^ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -29053,16 +29286,7 @@ spce infty \series default -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -29136,17 +29360,15 @@ Change Formula Type \begin_layout Standard To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular append-column" \end_inset or -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column" \end_inset , respectively, or the menu @@ -29179,7 +29401,7 @@ Formula ! multiline ! align environment \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -This Align environment is created by presssing +This Align environment is created by pressing \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "newline-insert newline" @@ -29950,7 +30172,78 @@ I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage + +\series bold + +\backslash +intertext +\series default + always creates some vertical space between the text and the formula lines. + To avoid this space, set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default + for the package +\series bold +mathtools +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! mathtools +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + the option +\family sans +Load +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +always +\family default +. + Then you can use the command +\series bold + +\backslash +shortintertext +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! S ! +\backslash +shortintertext +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + instead of +\series bold + +\backslash +intertext +\series default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align} +I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ +\shortintertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{align} + \end_inset @@ -30111,10 +30404,9 @@ Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator Label \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/label-insert.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "label-insert" \end_inset . @@ -30173,10 +30465,9 @@ Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator Cross-Reference \family default or with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref" \end_inset . @@ -30712,16 +31003,7 @@ In this example the command \backslash tag -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset something @@ -30735,16 +31017,7 @@ When the command \backslash tag* -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset something @@ -31518,14 +31791,26 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \series bold +\color none Note: \series default - Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document. + Only maximal 26 +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document. \end_layout \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -31868,9 +32153,9 @@ ce \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -31915,16 +32200,7 @@ raisebox \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset H2CO3 @@ -31953,16 +32229,7 @@ H2CO3 \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset SO4^2- @@ -31991,16 +32258,7 @@ SO4^2- \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset (NH4)2S @@ -32029,16 +32287,7 @@ spce \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset KCr(SO4)2.12H2O @@ -32067,46 +32316,19 @@ KCr(SO4)2.12H2O \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A-B \backslash dbond -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C \backslash tbond -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset D @@ -32135,16 +32357,7 @@ D \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ^227 @@ -32181,68 +32394,23 @@ Th+ \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset CO2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset <=> -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2CO @@ -32271,55 +32439,19 @@ spce \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset CO2 -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset C -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset ->[ @@ -32327,16 +32459,7 @@ spce alpha][ \backslash beta] -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2CO} @@ -32371,6 +32494,7 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout \series bold +\color none Note: \series default Inserting a formula to a @@ -32379,7 +32503,27 @@ Note: \backslash ce \series default - box will lead to LaTeX errors. + box will lead to LaTeX errors due to a LyX bug. +\color inherit + +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset href +LatexCommand href +name "LyX-bug #8566" +target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/8566" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\color none In this case TeX code has to be used like for \series bold @@ -32413,6 +32557,40 @@ hyphen$Cl} \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Note Greyedout +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +\color none +Note: +\series default + It is not possible in LyX to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as + described in the +\series bold +mhchem +\series default + manual. + One instead uses a negative thin space followed by the command +\series bold + +\backslash +uparrow +\series default +: +\begin_inset Formula $\ce{Fe + 2H+ -> Fe^{2+} + H2\negthinspace\uparrow}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -32442,81 +32620,27 @@ reference "eq:chem-reaction" \backslash ce -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset 2Na+ -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset + -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset SO4^2- -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -> -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset Na2SO4 @@ -32786,16 +32910,7 @@ The command for this is: \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return @@ -32812,16 +32927,7 @@ status open \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -32853,16 +32959,7 @@ status open \backslash CD -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset @@ -33398,9 +33495,9 @@ A test of the new defined commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -33445,16 +33542,7 @@ raisebox A \backslash gr -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset B @@ -33522,16 +33610,7 @@ fb{[2cm] { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33568,16 +33647,7 @@ cb{red { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33616,16 +33686,7 @@ cb[green] { \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -33826,10 +33887,9 @@ Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro \family default or the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro newmacroname_newcommand" \end_inset . @@ -33887,10 +33947,9 @@ g #1 \series default or by using the macro toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-param" \end_inset . @@ -33901,19 +33960,17 @@ g arguments are possible. Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-optional-param" \end_inset . The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with the toolbar button -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - scale 85 - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-optional" \end_inset . @@ -34181,18 +34238,17 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - - + + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-param" \end_inset @@ -34224,10 +34280,9 @@ Remove Last Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-param" \end_inset @@ -34259,10 +34314,9 @@ Append Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-optional" \end_inset @@ -34283,7 +34337,7 @@ Macro \end_inset Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Make First Non-Optional into +Transform First Non-Optional to \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -34317,10 +34371,9 @@ Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-make-nonoptional" \end_inset @@ -34341,7 +34394,7 @@ Macro \end_inset Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Make Last Optional into +Transform Last Optional to \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset @@ -34375,10 +34428,9 @@ Non-Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -34410,10 +34462,9 @@ Remove Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -34445,10 +34496,9 @@ Insert Optional Argument \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-remove-greedy-param" \end_inset @@ -34503,10 +34553,9 @@ Spitting Out To The Right \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-append-greedy-param" \end_inset @@ -34561,10 +34610,9 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png - rotateOrigin center - +\begin_inset Info +type "icon" +arg "math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param" \end_inset @@ -34742,7 +34790,7 @@ LyX Functions \end_inset g. -\begin_inset space ~ +\begin_inset space \space{} \end_inset bind the @@ -34760,23 +34808,16 @@ Maxima \begin_layout Standard \series bold -command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - +command-alternatives paragraph-break;math-extern maxima \end_layout \begin_layout Section -Tips +Miscellaneous \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Tips +Miscellaneous \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34818,9 +34859,9 @@ An example to visualize the problem: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -35078,9 +35119,9 @@ The following commands are defined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -35319,6 +35360,19 @@ status collapsed Commands ! G ! \backslash genfrac +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -35376,9 +35430,9 @@ The style is a number in the range of 0 \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -35579,13 +35633,6 @@ fracS}[3][]{ genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}} \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard A test: \begin_inset Formula @@ -35615,29 +35662,7 @@ Formula ! canceled \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package -\series bold -cancel -\series default - -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! cancel -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage{cancel} +There are four ways to cancel formulas or parts of formulas: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -35670,17 +35695,13 @@ cancel \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -There are four ways to cancel formulas: -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - - + + + \begin_inset Text @@ -35724,19 +35745,14 @@ raisebox \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -cancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +cancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -35764,19 +35780,14 @@ A=B \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -bcancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +bcancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -35804,19 +35815,14 @@ A=B \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -xcancel{ -\backslash -int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout +xcancel +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} +\end_inset \backslash -spce -\end_layout - +int +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B @@ -35844,28 +35850,21 @@ A=B \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -cancelto{1 -\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +cancelto +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset -\backslash -{ \backslash int -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset A=B +\begin_inset Formula $\to$ +\end_inset + +1 \end_layout \end_inset @@ -35923,34 +35922,31 @@ subscript \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - value one can load the package + value one can add the LaTeX-preamble line +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + \series bold -cancel + +\backslash +PassOptionsToPackage{option}{cancel} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +where +\series bold +option \series default - with either the option + is either \series bold samesize \series default - which leads to the same size as for the canceled value or with the option - + which leads to the same size as for the canceled value, or \series bold Smaller \series default - which makes is it a bit smaller than the size one gets without using a - package option. - In this document -\series bold -cancel -\series default - was loaded with this line: -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard - -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage[samesize]{cancel} + which makes is it a bit smaller than normal. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36051,6 +36047,16 @@ key "cancel" \end_inset . +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! cancel +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36250,7 +36256,7 @@ Heading without formula in table of contents \end_inset -\begin_inset Argument +\begin_inset Argument 1 status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37030,24 +37036,10 @@ fi \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Text Characters in Formulas -\begin_inset CommandInset label -LatexCommand label -name "sub:Text-Characters-in" - -\end_inset - - \begin_inset Index idx status collapsed @@ -37179,6 +37171,76 @@ f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{} i} \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection +LaTeX-comments in formulas +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +LaTeX-comments +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the LaTeX + source code of your file with the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Comment +\family default +. + This is not possible in a formula but you can insert LaTeX-comments with + the command +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +% +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This creates a box in which you can write your comment. + Due to a bug in LyX +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset href +LatexCommand href +name "LyX-bug #9002" +target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + you cannot write normal text into the comment, even when you use mathematical + text, you will see its LaTeX-commands in the LaTeX-output. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +This a formula with a LaTeX-comment: +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A=B%\text{This is the comment} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -37319,7 +37381,7 @@ Percent and perthousand signs are set like physical units: \begin_inset Newline newline \end_inset -1,2 +1.2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} \end_inset @@ -37430,16 +37492,7 @@ Fourier \backslash mathscr -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -spce -\end_layout - +\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{} \end_inset F @@ -37499,7 +37552,7 @@ Some characters and symbols can be created with several commands. \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -37826,7 +37879,7 @@ vert \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -38130,7 +38183,6 @@ Vert \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "TLC2" @@ -38151,7 +38203,6 @@ The LaTeX Companion \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Mathmode" @@ -38170,7 +38221,6 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/math/voss/mathmode/Mathmode.pdf" \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "AMS" @@ -38181,7 +38231,7 @@ key "AMS" \begin_inset CommandInset href LatexCommand href name "Description" -target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf" +target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/amsldoc.pdf" \end_inset @@ -38202,7 +38252,6 @@ AmS \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Symbols" @@ -38221,7 +38270,6 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "cancel" @@ -38254,7 +38302,6 @@ Packages ! cancel \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "hyperref" @@ -38287,7 +38334,6 @@ Packages ! hyperref \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "mhchem" @@ -38320,51 +38366,6 @@ Packages ! mhchem \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References -\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem -LatexCommand bibitem -key "Mathclap" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset CommandInset href -LatexCommand href -name "Description" -target "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-4/tb72perlS.pdf" - -\end_inset - - of the command -\series bold - -\backslash -mathclap -\series default -, described in -\begin_inset CommandInset ref -LatexCommand ref -reference "sub:Operator-Limits" - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Index idx -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! M ! -\backslash -mathclap -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Duden" @@ -38381,7 +38382,6 @@ Duden Band 1 \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography -\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Checklist"