X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fdoc%2FMath.lyx;h=064438495e4c7d744e06b45e99e3a4f7ed7fb040;hb=5fd5b8be71515fcf56fca05ec2be6ef68cd1647d;hp=ff4f3121e9f19b42ee856c5b14383260f285087d;hpb=c61723b36cd756a57c0e60253d2577c7d69fce69;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/doc/Math.lyx b/lib/doc/Math.lyx index ff4f3121e9..064438495e 100644 --- a/lib/doc/Math.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/Math.lyx @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -#LyX 1.6.6svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 345 +#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 413 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass scrartcl @@ -41,11 +41,13 @@ \AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}} \newlength{\abc} \settowidth{\abc}{\space} +\AtBeginDocument{% \addto\extrasenglish{ \renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}} \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}} +} % don't load packages twice % see first footnote in sec. 9.3 @@ -69,14 +71,13 @@ % provides caption formatting \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries} -% used in Kap. 22.6 +% used in sec. 23.6 \usepackage[samesize]{cancel} -% enables calculation of values, +% enables calculation of values \usepackage{calc} -% for multiple table row and column cells -\usepackage{multirow} +% for multiple columns used in sec. 23.7 \usepackage{multicol} % needed in sec. 19.4 @@ -85,9 +86,6 @@ % for the Fourier transformation symbol \usepackage{mathrsfs} -% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3) -\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering} - % define a color, used in sec.9.3 \definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5} @@ -112,9 +110,6 @@ \def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal} \def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}} -% redefine the greyed out note -\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout} - {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup} % ------------------------------------ % used to check for needed LaTeX packages @@ -150,20 +145,28 @@ \setboolean{upgreek}{true}} {\setboolean{upgreek}{false}} \end_preamble -\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove +\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading \use_default_options false +\maintain_unincluded_children false \language english +\language_package default \inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global \font_roman default \font_sans default \font_typewriter default \font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 \font_tt_scale 100 \graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \use_hyperref true @@ -180,14 +183,24 @@ \pdf_colorlinks true \pdf_backref false \pdf_pdfusetitle false -\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels" +\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false" \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false \use_amsmath 2 \use_esint 1 +\use_mhchem 1 +\use_mathdots 1 \cite_engine basic \use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false \paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\use_refstyle 0 +\notefontcolor #0000ff +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index \secnumdepth 4 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation skip @@ -201,8 +214,9 @@ \bullet 3 2 7 -1 \tracking_changes false \output_changes false -\author "" -\author "" +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body @@ -255,7 +269,7 @@ author: Uwe Stöhr \family sans -Version 1.6.x +Version 2.0.x \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -278,7 +292,7 @@ braket, cancel, eurosym, \series default \series bold -mhchem, multirow +mhchem \series default and \series bold @@ -467,7 +481,7 @@ General Instructions \begin_layout Standard To create an inline formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -494,7 +508,7 @@ arg "math-mode" \end_inset To create a display style formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -540,7 +554,7 @@ To display parts of an inline formula in the size of a display style formula, displaystyle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -626,7 +640,7 @@ Math \begin_layout Standard The TeX-mode -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -693,7 +707,7 @@ To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair \begin_layout Standard To change the LaTeX-preamble -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -787,7 +801,7 @@ reference "sub:Text-in-multiline" mathematical text \emph default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -797,7 +811,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -820,7 +834,7 @@ arg "font-default" text \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -881,7 +895,7 @@ A command starts always with a backslash To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets. The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as TeX-braces -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -949,7 +963,7 @@ This visible space character can be created with the command textvisiblespace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1028,7 +1042,7 @@ Available units \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1412,7 +1426,7 @@ Basic Functions \begin_layout Subsection Exponents -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1422,7 +1436,7 @@ Exponents \end_inset and Indices -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1432,7 +1446,7 @@ Indices \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1464,7 +1478,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1536,7 +1550,7 @@ _ \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1694,7 +1708,7 @@ name "sub:Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1714,7 +1728,7 @@ Fractions are generated with the command frac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1751,7 +1765,9 @@ With the command \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1762,8 +1778,6 @@ dfrac \end_inset - -\series default a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style formula. With @@ -1771,7 +1785,9 @@ dfrac \backslash tfrac -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1782,8 +1798,6 @@ tfrac \end_inset - -\series default the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula. An example: \end_layout @@ -1820,7 +1834,7 @@ dfrac \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2039,7 +2053,7 @@ For nested fractions the command cfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2059,9 +2073,11 @@ cfrac \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\ -\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*} +\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -2246,8 +2262,10 @@ cfrac frac \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} +\] \end_inset @@ -2263,7 +2281,7 @@ For inline fractions with a sloped fraction stroke you can use the command nicefrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2285,7 +2303,7 @@ nicefrac unitfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2361,7 +2379,7 @@ reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \begin_layout Subsection Roots -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2381,7 +2399,7 @@ Square roots are created with sqrt \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2406,7 +2424,7 @@ sqrt root \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2431,7 +2449,7 @@ root \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2589,7 +2607,7 @@ The leftroot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2607,7 +2625,7 @@ leftroot uproot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2696,7 +2714,7 @@ produces a correct typeset formula: \begin_layout Subsection Binomial Coefficients -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2716,7 +2734,7 @@ Binomial coefficients are inserted with the command binom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2752,7 +2770,9 @@ binom \backslash dbinom -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2763,8 +2783,6 @@ dbinom \end_inset - -\series default and \series bold @@ -2772,7 +2790,7 @@ dbinom tbinom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2791,7 +2809,7 @@ tbinom brace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2809,7 +2827,7 @@ brace brack \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2827,7 +2845,7 @@ brack \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3085,7 +3103,7 @@ B \begin_layout Subsection Case Differentiations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3101,7 +3119,7 @@ Case differentiations \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3149,7 +3167,7 @@ A \end_inset B>0 -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3216,7 +3234,8 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases} A & \textrm{for }x>0\\ -B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$ +B & \textrm{for }x=0 +\end{cases}$ \end_inset @@ -3280,7 +3299,7 @@ Cases-Environment \begin_layout Subsection Negations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3300,7 +3319,7 @@ By inserting of not \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3319,7 +3338,7 @@ not \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3456,7 +3475,7 @@ name "sub:Placeholders" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3466,7 +3485,7 @@ Placeholders \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3476,7 +3495,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Isotopes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3543,7 +3562,7 @@ reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3625,7 +3644,7 @@ The shorter index is by default placed below or above the first character phantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3681,7 +3700,7 @@ phantom \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3941,7 +3960,7 @@ Furthermore there are the commands vphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3970,7 +3989,7 @@ vphantom hphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4071,9 +4090,38 @@ reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets" . \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Placeholders can also be used for text when it is inserted via the menu + +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Phantom +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Phantom Phantom +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +This +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + is a sentence. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Lines -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4083,7 +4131,7 @@ Lines \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4099,7 +4147,7 @@ Formula ! underlined \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -4159,7 +4207,7 @@ spce \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4209,7 +4257,7 @@ spce \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4347,7 +4395,7 @@ Custom lines can be created using the command rule \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4414,7 +4462,30 @@ This is a sentence \backslash rule \series default - can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode. + can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Horizontal +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Line +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence +\begin_inset CommandInset line +LatexCommand rule +offset "0.5ex" +width "3cm" +height "1pt" + +\end_inset + + with one line. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -4426,7 +4497,7 @@ name "sub:Ellipses" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4463,7 +4534,7 @@ In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button ldots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4482,7 +4553,7 @@ ldots cdots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4501,7 +4572,7 @@ cdots dots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4518,8 +4589,8 @@ dots \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - + + @@ -4772,7 +4843,7 @@ vdots - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4783,7 +4854,7 @@ ddots \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4791,6 +4862,31 @@ ddots \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +iddots +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -4817,7 +4913,8 @@ matrix with the different dots \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ -A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$ +A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm} +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -4856,6 +4953,40 @@ ldots \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset +To use +\series bold + +\backslash +iddots +\series default +, one of the options +\family sans +Use mathdots package (automatically) +\family default + must be set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default +. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Using the option +\family sans +Use mathdots package +\family default + will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font + style or size is not the default. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. They are created with the command \series bold @@ -4864,7 +4995,7 @@ Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. hdotsfor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4906,11 +5037,14 @@ hdotsfor[2]{4} dots \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left(\begin{array}{cccc} A & B & C & D\\ \hdotsfor[2]{4}\\ -q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\] +q & w & e & r +\end{array}\right) +\] \end_inset @@ -4929,7 +5063,7 @@ Furthermore you can fill with the command dotfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5001,7 +5135,7 @@ dotfill hrulefill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5035,7 +5169,7 @@ name "sec:Matrices" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5062,7 +5196,8 @@ Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Matrix \family default . - You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows and the alignment. + In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the + alignment and the decoration. The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline formulas: \end_layout @@ -5072,21 +5207,24 @@ The first matrix is top \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset , the second middle \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset and the third bottom \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset aligned. @@ -5144,7 +5282,8 @@ lll \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5155,7 +5294,8 @@ ccc \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5166,7 +5306,8 @@ rrr \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -5211,7 +5352,12 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands +The +\family sans +Decoration +\family default + adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix. + Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands \series bold @@ -5219,7 +5365,7 @@ Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5237,7 +5383,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5277,7 +5423,7 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -5355,7 +5501,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5403,7 +5550,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5451,7 +5599,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5471,7 +5620,7 @@ matrix \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -5533,7 +5682,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5581,7 +5731,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5629,7 +5780,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5669,6 +5821,48 @@ vmatrix \series default is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix is inserted. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Note Greyedout +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +Note: +\series default + LaTeX limits the number of matrix columns with decorations to 10. + If you need more than 10 +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +columns, you have to add this line to the document preamble: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{number} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +where +\emph on +number +\emph default + is the number of columns between 11 and 99. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -5682,7 +5876,7 @@ As all multiline formulas are matrices, the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5711,7 +5905,7 @@ To change the row separation, the command arraystretch \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5734,7 +5928,7 @@ arraystretch renewcommand{ \backslash arraystretch}{stretch factor} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5789,7 +5983,7 @@ To set matrices into a text line, the command smallmatrix \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5808,7 +6002,8 @@ smallmatrix \begin_layout Standard This is a matrix \begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\ -C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ +C & D +\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \end_inset in a text line. @@ -5816,7 +6011,7 @@ C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \begin_layout Section Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5826,7 +6021,7 @@ Brackets \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5840,7 +6035,7 @@ Delimiters \begin_layout Subsection Vertical Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5859,7 +6054,7 @@ Brackets ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6083,7 +6278,7 @@ lfloor \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6331,7 +6526,7 @@ Note: textbackslash \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6386,7 +6581,7 @@ name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6406,7 +6601,7 @@ The bracket size can be specified manually by the LaTeX-commands big \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6459,7 +6654,7 @@ These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6648,7 +6843,7 @@ big bigm \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6673,7 +6868,7 @@ bigl bigr \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6714,7 +6909,7 @@ In the following table is a comparison of the variants: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6948,7 +7143,7 @@ name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6968,7 +7163,7 @@ Brackets with variable size can be inserted with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6986,7 +7181,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7062,8 +7257,10 @@ spce ) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln(\frac{A}{C})\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln(\frac{A}{C}) +\] \end_inset @@ -7115,8 +7312,10 @@ spce right) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right) +\] \end_inset @@ -7225,8 +7424,10 @@ right} creates: \series bold -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} +\] \end_inset @@ -7260,7 +7461,7 @@ Because all popular LaTeX-Distributions use eTeX, an extension to LaTeX, middle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7282,8 +7483,10 @@ g. \end_inset needed for physical vectors: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle +\] \end_inset @@ -7299,7 +7502,7 @@ reference "sub:Physical-Vectors" \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Brackets -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7315,7 +7518,7 @@ Brackets ! horizontal \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -7424,7 +7627,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7510,7 +7713,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7693,9 +7896,11 @@ reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset , must be used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\ - & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*} + & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s} +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7828,9 +8033,11 @@ jot}{-6pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\ -A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7879,7 +8086,7 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505" jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7926,7 +8133,7 @@ reference "sub:Line-Separation" \begin_layout Section Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7949,16 +8156,9 @@ Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button or the commands listed in the following subsections. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7977,7 +8177,7 @@ Arrows ! horizontal \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8186,7 +8386,7 @@ hookleftarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8402,7 +8602,7 @@ hookrightarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8566,7 +8766,7 @@ rightleftharpoons \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8727,7 +8927,7 @@ reference "sec:Accents" \end_inset Furthermore there are the labeled arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8743,7 +8943,7 @@ Arrows ! labeled xleftarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8761,7 +8961,7 @@ xleftarrow xrightarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8795,7 +8995,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8935,7 +9135,7 @@ F(a) \begin_layout Subsection Vertical and diagonal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8945,7 +9145,7 @@ Arrows ! diagonal \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8964,7 +9164,7 @@ Arrows ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9148,7 +9348,7 @@ downarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9304,13 +9504,6 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" . \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Accents \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -9320,7 +9513,7 @@ name "sec:Accents" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9391,14 +9584,22 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. +texorpdfstring +\series default + is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout More about +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is in section +texorpdfstring +\series default + is in section \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" @@ -9418,7 +9619,7 @@ name "sub:Accents-for-one" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9437,7 +9638,7 @@ Accents ! for one character \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9597,7 +9798,20 @@ A \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -ddddot{A +ddddot +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +spce +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +A \end_layout \end_inset @@ -9636,7 +9850,7 @@ spce \end_inset A -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9750,7 +9964,7 @@ A \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10023,7 +10237,7 @@ A You can directly insert accents like é to formulas. LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command. For umlauts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10066,7 +10280,7 @@ real \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10226,7 +10440,7 @@ In mathematical text, umlauts and other accented characters can directly \begin_layout Subsection Accents for Operators -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10246,7 +10460,7 @@ With the commands overset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10264,7 +10478,7 @@ overset underset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10284,7 +10498,7 @@ underset sideset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10376,8 +10590,10 @@ spce n \series default produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n} +\] \end_inset @@ -10428,8 +10644,10 @@ spce a \series default produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\overset{a}{\maltese}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\overset{a}{\maltese} +\] \end_inset @@ -10456,7 +10674,7 @@ sideset \begin_layout Subsection Accents for several Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10475,7 +10693,7 @@ Accents ! for several characters \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10677,7 +10895,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10882,8 +11100,10 @@ widehat \series default will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown in the following example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\widetilde{A+B=C-D} +\] \end_inset @@ -10898,7 +11118,7 @@ With the commands overset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10916,7 +11136,7 @@ overset underset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10953,8 +11173,10 @@ A=B *** \series default creates: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\underset{***}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\underset{***}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -10970,7 +11192,7 @@ name "sub:Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10991,7 +11213,7 @@ name "sub:Predefined-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11067,7 +11289,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11322,7 +11544,7 @@ The last size seem to produce no space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11451,7 +11673,7 @@ useful for summation operators: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11589,7 +11811,7 @@ Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11709,7 +11931,7 @@ An example to visualize the difference: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11846,7 +12068,7 @@ name "sub:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11866,7 +12088,7 @@ Space with a defined length can be inserted with the command hspace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11939,7 +12161,7 @@ spce hfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11964,7 +12186,7 @@ hfill \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -12229,7 +12451,7 @@ maximum space. \begin_layout Subsection Space besides inline Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12248,7 +12470,9 @@ The space that surrounds inline formulas can be adjusted with the length \backslash mathsurround -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12259,15 +12483,15 @@ mathsurround \end_inset - -\series default . The value of a length is set with the command \series bold \backslash setlength -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12278,8 +12502,6 @@ setlength \end_inset - -\series default that has the following scheme: \end_layout @@ -12382,7 +12604,7 @@ pt. \begin_layout Section Boxes and Frames -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12392,7 +12614,7 @@ Boxes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12451,7 +12673,7 @@ name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12471,7 +12693,7 @@ It is possible to frame formulas or parts of it with the commands fbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12489,7 +12711,7 @@ fbox boxed \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12560,7 +12782,7 @@ fbox framebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12645,7 +12867,7 @@ fbox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -12986,8 +13208,10 @@ fboxsep 3mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boxed{A+B=C}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boxed{A+B=C} +\] \end_inset @@ -13077,7 +13301,7 @@ name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13097,7 +13321,7 @@ For boxes without a frame there are the following box commands: mbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13115,7 +13339,7 @@ mbox makebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13133,7 +13357,7 @@ makebox raisebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13222,7 +13446,7 @@ raisebox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -13413,7 +13637,7 @@ name "sub:Colored-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13446,7 +13670,7 @@ color \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13505,7 +13729,7 @@ To color boxes, the command colorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13603,7 +13827,7 @@ yellow \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -13843,16 +14067,20 @@ An example: \begin_layout Standard \color red -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A=B\label{eq:red} +\end{equation} \end_inset \color green -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -13893,7 +14121,7 @@ To color the frame different than the rest of the box, the command fcolorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13964,8 +14192,10 @@ fboxsep 1mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -14056,7 +14286,7 @@ definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0.5} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14147,8 +14377,10 @@ darkgreen yellow \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14164,7 +14396,7 @@ Self-defined colors can also be used for text with the help of the command textcolor \series default : -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14219,7 +14451,7 @@ status collapsed textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14248,7 +14480,7 @@ name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14292,6 +14524,7 @@ hor_pos "c" has_inner_box 1 inner_pos "t" use_parbox 1 +use_makebox 0 width "5cm" special "none" height "1in" @@ -14360,7 +14593,7 @@ In LaTeX a parbox is created with the command parbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14445,7 +14678,9 @@ fboxrule}{ \backslash linewidth -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14456,8 +14691,6 @@ linewidth \end_inset - -\series default is hereby the line width set for the document. Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} @@ -14502,7 +14735,7 @@ calc \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14568,8 +14801,10 @@ fboxrule}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14804,8 +15039,10 @@ commented \end_inset using the mathematical textmode: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...} +\] \end_inset @@ -14814,7 +15051,7 @@ commented \begin_layout Section Operators -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14835,7 +15072,7 @@ name "sub:Big-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14845,7 +15082,7 @@ Operators ! big \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14855,7 +15092,7 @@ Sums \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14890,7 +15127,7 @@ Options \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -14921,7 +15158,7 @@ Result \backslash int -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15189,7 +15426,7 @@ bigcup \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15220,7 +15457,7 @@ Result \backslash sum -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15257,7 +15494,7 @@ sum \backslash prod -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15614,14 +15851,11 @@ incorrect: \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -hphantom{in} +in \end_layout \end_inset @@ -15648,7 +15882,7 @@ For multiple integrals there are the following commands: \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15773,7 +16007,7 @@ sqiint \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15891,7 +16125,7 @@ name "sub:Operator-Limits" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15911,7 +16145,7 @@ Limits are created by super- and subscripts: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -16038,8 +16272,10 @@ arg "math-limits" \begin_layout Standard The default limits type is this: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] \end_inset @@ -16050,8 +16286,10 @@ Inline \family default \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] \end_inset @@ -16078,8 +16316,10 @@ ointop Display \series default and so set below the integrals: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -16097,7 +16337,7 @@ To specify conditions for limits, the commands subarray \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16115,7 +16355,7 @@ subarray substack \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16128,10 +16368,14 @@ substack are used. To create for example this expression -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} \sum_{\begin{subarray}{c} 0 - + @@ -16830,7 +17085,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17164,7 +17419,7 @@ vee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17567,7 +17822,7 @@ name "sub:Self-defined-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17587,7 +17842,7 @@ With the help of the command DeclareMathOperator \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17657,8 +17912,10 @@ reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty} +\] \end_inset @@ -17691,7 +17948,7 @@ When self-defined operators are not used several times in the document, mathop \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17709,7 +17966,7 @@ mathop mathbin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17772,8 +18029,10 @@ be used to use one limit for several operators: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N} +\] \end_inset @@ -17838,7 +18097,7 @@ _i,j=1 \begin_layout Section Fonts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17859,7 +18118,7 @@ name "sub:Font-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17882,8 +18141,8 @@ Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles: \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - + + @@ -17962,7 +18221,7 @@ ABC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-noun" \end_inset @@ -18018,7 +18277,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-bold" \end_inset @@ -18130,7 +18389,7 @@ ABC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-emph" \end_inset @@ -18141,7 +18400,7 @@ arg "font-emph" - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18169,7 +18428,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18177,6 +18436,57 @@ AbC \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathscr +\series bold + +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +spce +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -18202,7 +18512,7 @@ AbC \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -18332,7 +18642,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-roman" \end_inset @@ -18388,7 +18698,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-sans" \end_inset @@ -18444,7 +18754,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-typewriter" \end_inset @@ -18502,8 +18812,10 @@ mathnormal \begin_layout Standard The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18566,7 +18878,7 @@ name "sub:Bold-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18592,8 +18904,10 @@ mathbf \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf} +\] \end_inset @@ -18608,8 +18922,10 @@ To display the formula correctly, the command boldsymbol \series default is used: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18623,7 +18939,9 @@ boldmath environment \backslash boldmath -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18634,15 +18952,15 @@ boldmath \end_inset - -\series default in TeX-mode. To end the environment, the command \series bold \backslash unboldmath -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18653,8 +18971,6 @@ unboldmath \end_inset - -\series default is inserted in TeX-mode. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -18669,8 +18985,10 @@ boldmath \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment} +\] \end_inset @@ -18692,7 +19010,7 @@ unboldmath \begin_layout Subsection Colored Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18712,8 +19030,10 @@ Text Style \family default dialog. Here is a formula in magenta: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18736,7 +19056,7 @@ reference "sub:Colored-Boxes" textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18776,8 +19096,10 @@ textcolor{darkgreen}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\] \end_inset @@ -18826,7 +19148,7 @@ name "sub:Font-Sizes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18958,13 +19280,6 @@ normalsize is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Standard Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: \end_layout @@ -18974,7 +19289,7 @@ Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19021,7 +19336,7 @@ raisebox \backslash displaystyle -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19165,14 +19480,18 @@ huge \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese +\] \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}} +\] \end_inset @@ -19343,16 +19662,9 @@ If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed in the default size. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Greek Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19365,7 +19677,7 @@ Greek letters \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button +Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math/alpha.png scale 85 @@ -19373,11 +19685,15 @@ All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button \end_inset . + All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math + have to be typeset italic/slanted. + In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes + typeset upright. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Small Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19396,7 +19712,7 @@ Greek letters ! small \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19680,7 +19996,7 @@ vartheta \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19987,7 +20303,7 @@ rho \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20279,7 +20595,7 @@ omega \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -How to create upright Greek letters is explained in +How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" @@ -20291,7 +20607,7 @@ reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" \begin_layout Subsection Big Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20310,7 +20626,7 @@ Greek letters ! big \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20494,7 +20810,7 @@ Pi \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20670,16 +20986,84 @@ var \backslash varGamma \series default - produces: + produces \begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$ \end_inset +. + Another way is to load the package +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + is part of the LaTeX-package +\series bold +was +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! was +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! fixmath +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + with the LaTeX-preamble line +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +usepackage{fixmath} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Bold Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20700,7 +21084,7 @@ Greek letters cannot be set with different font styles like Latin letters. boldsymbol \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20718,7 +21102,7 @@ boldsymbol \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20804,6 +21188,13 @@ theta \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -20874,7 +21265,7 @@ reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20914,7 +21305,7 @@ name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20933,7 +21324,7 @@ Symbols ! mathematical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21192,7 +21583,7 @@ jmath \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21491,7 +21882,7 @@ Bbbk \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21759,7 +22150,7 @@ name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21776,7 +22167,7 @@ Symbols ! miscellaneous \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22027,7 +22418,7 @@ $ \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22282,7 +22673,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22564,7 +22955,7 @@ reference "sub:Font-Sizes" \begin_layout Subsection The Euro-Symbol € -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22574,7 +22965,7 @@ Symbols ! Euro-symbol \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22607,7 +22998,7 @@ To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package eurosym \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22635,7 +23026,7 @@ The Euro symbol can now be inserted with the command euro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22674,7 +23065,7 @@ euro officialeuro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22726,7 +23117,7 @@ An overview about the different Euro symbols: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22938,7 +23329,7 @@ name "sec:Relations" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22948,7 +23339,7 @@ Relations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -23000,7 +23391,7 @@ All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23432,7 +23823,7 @@ nmid \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23864,7 +24255,7 @@ widehat= \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24339,7 +24730,7 @@ Relations with labels can be created with the command stackrel \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24357,7 +24748,7 @@ stackrel \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24503,7 +24894,7 @@ name "sub:Predefined-Functions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24538,7 +24929,7 @@ italic \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24649,7 +25040,7 @@ The following functions are predefined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25080,7 +25471,7 @@ They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button \begin_layout Subsection Self-defined Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25142,7 +25533,7 @@ DeclareMathOperator{ sgn}{sgn} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25204,7 +25595,7 @@ In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25295,7 +25686,7 @@ The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should \begin_layout Subsection Limits -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25315,7 +25706,7 @@ For limits there are defined besides lim \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25345,7 +25736,7 @@ limsup \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25507,7 +25898,7 @@ The limit is created by inserting a subscript. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25612,8 +26003,10 @@ x=B \begin_layout Standard In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lim_{x\to A}x=B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lim_{x\to A}x=B +\] \end_inset @@ -25622,7 +26015,7 @@ In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: \begin_layout Subsection Modulo-Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25640,12 +26033,14 @@ The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants. \begin_layout Standard The variants in a displayed formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ \mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\ \mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\ \mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*} +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -25659,7 +26054,7 @@ In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all \begin_layout Section Special Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25686,7 +26081,7 @@ The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode: \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25842,7 +26237,7 @@ aa \backslash AA -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25922,7 +26317,7 @@ i \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26228,7 +26623,7 @@ name "sub:Accents-in-Text" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26252,7 +26647,7 @@ With the following commands all letters can be accented. \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26580,7 +26975,7 @@ t ee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26692,7 +27087,7 @@ status collapsed \backslash ~e -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27071,7 +27466,7 @@ Furthermore, with the command textcircled \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27090,7 +27485,7 @@ textcircled \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -27282,7 +27677,7 @@ reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" \begin_layout Subsection Minuscule Numbers -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27302,7 +27697,7 @@ Minuscule numbers are created with the command oldstylenums \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27349,7 +27744,7 @@ name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27369,7 +27764,7 @@ The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -27476,7 +27871,7 @@ spce \backslash circ -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27552,6 +27947,13 @@ textdegree fi} \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Section Formula Styles \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -27561,7 +27963,7 @@ name "sec:Formula-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27613,7 +28015,7 @@ Indented mathindent \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27720,7 +28122,7 @@ name "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27828,7 +28230,7 @@ name "sub:Line-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27842,9 +28244,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! Line separation \begin_layout Standard There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -27945,7 +28349,7 @@ To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28011,7 +28415,7 @@ calc \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28048,9 +28452,11 @@ jot}{3mm+3pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28094,7 +28500,7 @@ name "sub:Column-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28122,7 +28528,7 @@ The column separation is specified with the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28205,9 +28611,11 @@ arraycolsep}{1cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28231,9 +28639,11 @@ arraycolsep}{5pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28242,7 +28652,7 @@ C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsubsection Long Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28262,9 +28672,11 @@ Long formulas can be typeset using these methods: When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\ - & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray} + & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -28306,7 +28718,7 @@ reference "sub:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28328,7 +28740,7 @@ When both sides of the equation are too long, the command lefteqn \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28342,10 +28754,12 @@ lefteqn is used. It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all further insertions overwrite the following columns: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\ & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\ - & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray} + & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -28461,7 +28875,7 @@ name "sub:Multiline-Brackets" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28475,9 +28889,11 @@ Brackets ! for multiline expressions \begin_layout Standard For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28498,7 +28914,7 @@ To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is right. \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28545,7 +28961,7 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28630,7 +29046,7 @@ spce _R=1} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28648,9 +29064,11 @@ vphantom \begin_layout Standard The result is this: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28720,7 +29138,7 @@ name "sub:Standard-align-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28751,9 +29169,11 @@ AMS align Environment \begin_layout Standard An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four column align environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -28820,7 +29240,7 @@ hfill \begin_layout Subsubsection Alignat Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28850,9 +29270,11 @@ The above example in the alignat environment where 1 \end_inset cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{alignat*}{2} A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{alignat*} \end_inset @@ -28870,7 +29292,7 @@ name "sub:Flalign-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28886,9 +29308,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible to the left and the last two ones to the right. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign*} A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\ -X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*} +X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4 +\end{flalign*} \end_inset @@ -28911,8 +29335,10 @@ reference "eq:VolInt" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} -\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} +\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -28937,7 +29363,7 @@ name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28955,10 +29381,12 @@ When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear. one left aligned. The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because it is designed to insert there only relation characters. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\ AB & AB & AB\\ -A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28967,7 +29395,7 @@ A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsection Gather Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28982,9 +29410,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! gather environment \begin_layout Standard This environment consists of only one centered column. Every line can be numbered. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{gather} A=1\\ -X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather} +X=\textrm{-}1 +\end{gather} \end_inset @@ -29000,7 +29430,7 @@ name "sub:Multline-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29026,10 +29456,12 @@ reference "eq:lefteqn" \end_inset in the multline environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ -B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -29064,7 +29496,9 @@ With the commands \backslash shoveright -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29075,14 +29509,14 @@ shoveright \end_inset - -\series default and \series bold \backslash shoveleft -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29093,8 +29527,6 @@ shoveleft \end_inset - -\series default a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively. The commands are used as follows: \end_layout @@ -29122,7 +29554,9 @@ The length \backslash multlinegap -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29133,8 +29567,6 @@ multlinegap \end_inset - -\series default specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin. Predefined is the length 0 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} @@ -29174,10 +29606,12 @@ multlinegap}{2cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ \shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -29214,7 +29648,7 @@ name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29258,10 +29692,13 @@ The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside them. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\ -\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned} -\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\] +\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2} +\end{aligned} +\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations} +\] \end_inset @@ -29274,7 +29711,9 @@ To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command \backslash aligned -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29285,8 +29724,6 @@ aligned \end_inset - -\series default is inserted. A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and lines can be added. @@ -29307,9 +29744,11 @@ reference "eq:shortlong" \end_inset in the aligned environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} \begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\ - & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned} + & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|} +\end{aligned} \end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29337,7 +29776,7 @@ split alignedat \series default , -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29355,7 +29794,7 @@ alignedat gathered \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29373,7 +29812,7 @@ gathered split \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29398,7 +29837,7 @@ name "sub:Text-in-multiline" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29408,7 +29847,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29429,7 +29868,9 @@ In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text \backslash intertext -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29440,8 +29881,6 @@ intertext \end_inset - -\series default is used in the following scheme: \end_layout @@ -29471,10 +29910,19 @@ intertext must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above this line. An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align} I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ -\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align} +\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{align} + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -29482,7 +29930,7 @@ I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ \begin_layout Section Formula Numbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29492,7 +29940,7 @@ Formula numbering \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29615,7 +30063,7 @@ reference "sec:Formula-Styles" \begin_layout Subsection Cross-References -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29801,7 +30249,7 @@ reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" \begin_layout Subsection Subnumbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29832,8 +30280,10 @@ end{subequations} \begin_layout Standard An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=C-B\label{eq:a} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29868,14 +30318,18 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=C-A\label{eq:b} +\end{equation} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=A+B\label{eq:c} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29914,7 +30368,7 @@ first formula is inserted addtocounter{equation}{-1} \backslash begin{subequations} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30090,10 +30544,12 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\ & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\ - & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray} + & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -30122,7 +30578,7 @@ name "sub:User-defined-Numbering" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30135,7 +30591,7 @@ Formula numbering ! user-defined \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30195,7 +30651,7 @@ When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive tag \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30207,8 +30663,10 @@ tag \end_inset is used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30255,8 +30713,10 @@ spce something \series default is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A+B=C\tag*{something}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A+B=C\tag*{something} +\] \end_inset @@ -30279,7 +30739,7 @@ To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the @addtoreset{equation}{part} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30444,7 +30904,7 @@ remreset carlisle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30459,7 +30919,7 @@ Packages ! carlisle \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30487,7 +30947,7 @@ Then the command @removefromreset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30584,7 +31044,7 @@ For this case there is the command numberwithin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30638,8 +31098,10 @@ numberwithin{equation}{section} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30684,7 +31146,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30782,7 +31244,7 @@ makeatother \begin_layout Subsection Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30792,7 +31254,7 @@ Formula numbering ! with letters \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30830,7 +31292,7 @@ is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode. renewcommand \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30907,7 +31369,7 @@ theequation \backslash roman{equation} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30949,7 +31411,7 @@ roman Roman \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30978,7 +31440,7 @@ number alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30996,7 +31458,7 @@ alph Alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31050,8 +31512,10 @@ roman{equation}} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=\textrm{small roman} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31073,8 +31537,10 @@ Roman{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31096,8 +31562,10 @@ alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=\textrm{small Latin} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31119,8 +31587,10 @@ Alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31141,7 +31611,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31173,8 +31643,10 @@ arabic{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +E=\textrm{Arabic} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31216,7 +31688,7 @@ name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31226,7 +31698,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31236,7 +31708,7 @@ Chemical equations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31267,8 +31739,10 @@ The . The chemical equation for this is: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31317,7 +31791,7 @@ A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command ce \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31333,7 +31807,7 @@ ce mhchem \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31357,7 +31831,7 @@ ce \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -32044,9 +32518,11 @@ reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2" are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation has its own number. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\ -\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}\end{eqnarray} +\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -32071,7 +32547,7 @@ mhchem cf \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32103,13 +32579,6 @@ key "mhchem" . \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Diagrams \end_layout @@ -32128,7 +32597,7 @@ xymatrix \begin_layout Subsection Amscd Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32143,10 +32612,13 @@ Diagrams ! amscd \begin_layout Standard Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines or arrows: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\ @AAA@.@VVV\\ -F@<<j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\ @AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\ -D@<k>>F@=C\end{CD}\] +D@<k>>F@=C +\end{CD} +\] \end_inset @@ -32291,18 +32766,12 @@ A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD @@ -32319,12 +32788,6 @@ spce \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32344,18 +32807,12 @@ V@| Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD @@ -32372,12 +32829,6 @@ spce \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32387,7 +32838,7 @@ D@<k>>F@=C \begin_layout Subsection Xymatrix Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32438,19 +32889,85 @@ Specific \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator -XY-pic +Manuals +\family default +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection + +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default + Diagrams +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Diagrams ! Feynman +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +To be able to use +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default +-diagrams, the LaTeX-package +\series bold +feyn +\series default + must be installed. + A +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default +-diagram is created by inserting the command +\series bold + +\backslash +Diagram +\series default + in a formula. + Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices, + see +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Matrices" + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Examples how to create +\noun on +Feynman- +\noun default +diagrams in LyX is given in the +\emph on +Feynman-diagram manual +\emph default + that you find in the menu +\family sans +Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Specific \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Manual +Manuals \family default . \end_layout \begin_layout Section User-defined Commands -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32491,7 +33008,7 @@ name "sub:The-Command-newcommand" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32503,7 +33020,7 @@ newcommand \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32552,27 +33069,15 @@ value] \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32856,7 +33361,7 @@ A test of the new defined commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -33113,7 +33618,7 @@ A=B \begin_layout Subsection Math Macros -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33123,7 +33628,7 @@ User-defined commands! Math macros \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33140,14 +33645,18 @@ User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions. When you are for example dealing in a document with quadratic equations, the same solution type occurs several times. The general form of a quadratic equation is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q +\] \end_inset The general form of the solution is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q} +\] \end_inset @@ -33193,27 +33702,15 @@ pm \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33488,8 +33985,10 @@ Here is our macro example with the arguments \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\qG x{\ln(x)}B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\qG x{\ln(x)}B +\] \end_inset @@ -33608,7 +34107,7 @@ When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33641,7 +34140,7 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -33651,7 +34150,6 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33687,7 +34185,6 @@ Remove Last Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33723,7 +34220,6 @@ Append Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33751,18 +34247,12 @@ Make First Non-Optional into \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33771,12 +34261,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33794,7 +34278,6 @@ Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33822,18 +34305,12 @@ Make Last Optional into \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33842,12 +34319,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33865,79 +34336,6 @@ Non-Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Macro -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Remove Optional Argument -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp - rotateOrigin center - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\family sans -Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Macro -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - -Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Insert Optional Argument -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -\begin_inset Graphics - filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33960,23 +34358,69 @@ Macro \end_inset Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -Remove Last Argument -\begin_inset Newline newline +Remove Optional Argument +\end_layout + \end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Graphics + filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png + rotateOrigin center -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Macro +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Insert Optional Argument +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Graphics + filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png + rotateOrigin center + +\end_inset + -\backslash -hphantom{ \end_layout \end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33984,13 +34428,25 @@ Macro \end_inset Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Remove Last Argument +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed + +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout -} +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Macro +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34008,7 +34464,6 @@ Spitting Out To The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -34036,18 +34491,12 @@ Append Argument \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -34056,12 +34505,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34079,7 +34522,6 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -34107,18 +34549,12 @@ Append Optional Argument \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -34127,12 +34563,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34150,6 +34580,148 @@ Eating From The Right \end_layout +\begin_layout Section +Computer Algebra Systems +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's + math editor and external applications or user defined scripts. + Currently supported applications are +\family sans +Maple +\family default +, +\family sans +Mathematica +\family default +, +\family sans +Maxima +\family default + and +\family sans +Octave +\family default +. + Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only + to very simple cases. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Usage +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Write some expression in a formula, go to the +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Use Computer Algebra System +\family default + menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer. + After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the + expression together with the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + += +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + operator. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Here are few simple examples (with results from +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default +) to show what kind of computations can be performed: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc} +1 & 6 & 7\\ +2 & 5 & 8\\ +3 & 4 & 17 +\end{array}\right]=-56$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Keyboard shortcut +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications. + One can easily bind a shortcut to the +\family sans +math-extern +\family default + LyX function (see the +\family sans +\emph on +LyX Functions +\family default +\emph default + manual). + One could e. +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +g. +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +bind the +\family sans +Return +\family default + key inside the math editor. + To bind it to +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default + one would use this shortcut definition command: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -34159,7 +34731,7 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_layout Section Tips -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34173,7 +34745,7 @@ Tips \begin_layout Subsection Negative Numbers -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34205,7 +34777,7 @@ An example to visualize the problem: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34283,7 +34855,7 @@ solution: \begin_layout Subsection Comma as decimal Separator -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34332,7 +34904,7 @@ icomma was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34360,7 +34932,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34389,7 +34961,7 @@ name "sub:Physical-Vectors" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34407,7 +34979,7 @@ Predefined vectors are offered by the LaTeX-package braket \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34465,7 +35037,7 @@ The following commands are defined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34586,8 +35158,10 @@ The command Braket \series default assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}} +\] \end_inset @@ -34677,7 +35251,7 @@ name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34697,7 +35271,7 @@ To define custom commands for fractions, the command genfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34729,27 +35303,15 @@ bracket}{fraction bar thickness}{style} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash genfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34773,7 +35335,7 @@ The style is a number in the range of 0 \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34978,9 +35540,11 @@ genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}} \begin_layout Standard A test: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\ -\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*} +\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -34990,7 +35554,7 @@ As one can see, the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the \begin_layout Subsection Canceled Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35008,7 +35572,7 @@ To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package cancel \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35066,7 +35630,7 @@ There are four ways to cancel formulas: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -35286,8 +35850,10 @@ A=B cancelto \series default is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}} +\] \end_inset @@ -35357,7 +35923,7 @@ name "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35384,7 +35950,7 @@ When hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35444,7 +36010,7 @@ hyperref \backslash texorpdfstring{part}{alternative} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35491,7 +36057,7 @@ Heading without formula in table of contents \end_inset -\begin_inset OptArg +\begin_inset Argument status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35585,7 +36151,7 @@ reference "sub:Bold-Formulas" \begin_layout Subsection Formulas in multi-column Text -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35619,7 +36185,7 @@ multicol \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35805,8 +36371,10 @@ end{multicols} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -35871,7 +36439,7 @@ end{multicols} \begin_layout Subsection Formulas with Description of Variables -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36039,11 +36607,14 @@ reference "eq:within" consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation, the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} \hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll} \rho & \textrm{density}\\ V & \textrm{volume}\\ -g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign} +g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration} +\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -36059,7 +36630,7 @@ name "sub:Upright-small-Greek" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36093,7 +36664,7 @@ upgreek was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36121,7 +36692,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36191,8 +36762,10 @@ uptau \begin_layout Standard With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu} +\] \end_inset @@ -36275,7 +36848,7 @@ name "sub:Text-Characters-in" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36416,7 +36989,7 @@ i} \begin_layout Section \start_of_appendix Typographic Advice -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36669,22 +37242,8 @@ spce \end_inset - -\backslash -{F +F \series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! M ! -\backslash -mathscr -\end_layout - -\end_inset - or via the menu \family sans Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator @@ -36701,36 +37260,6 @@ Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Newline newline -\end_inset - -To be able to use the command -\series bold - -\backslash -mathscr -\series default -, the LaTeX package -\series bold -mathrsfs -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! mathrsfs -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - needs to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage{mathrsfs} -\series default -. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36742,7 +37271,7 @@ usepackage{mathrsfs} \begin_layout Section Synonyms -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36770,7 +37299,7 @@ Some characters and symbols can be created with several commands. \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -37097,7 +37626,7 @@ vert \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -37401,6 +37930,7 @@ Vert \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "TLC2" @@ -37421,6 +37951,7 @@ The LaTeX Companion \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Mathmode" @@ -37439,6 +37970,7 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/math/voss/mathmode/Mathmode.pdf" \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "AMS" @@ -37470,6 +38002,7 @@ AmS \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Symbols" @@ -37488,6 +38021,7 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "hyperref" @@ -37507,7 +38041,7 @@ target "http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/ftp/doc/manual.pdf" hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37520,6 +38054,7 @@ Packages ! hyperref \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "mhchem" @@ -37539,7 +38074,7 @@ target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf" mhchem \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37552,6 +38087,7 @@ Packages ! mhchem \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Mathclap" @@ -37580,7 +38116,7 @@ reference "sub:Operator-Limits" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37595,6 +38131,7 @@ mathclap \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Duden" @@ -37611,6 +38148,7 @@ Duden Band 1 \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Checklist" @@ -37631,6 +38169,7 @@ target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf" \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset CommandInset index_print LatexCommand printindex +type "idx" \end_inset