X-Git-Url: https://git.lyx.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2Fdoc%2FMath.lyx;h=064438495e4c7d744e06b45e99e3a4f7ed7fb040;hb=5fd5b8be71515fcf56fca05ec2be6ef68cd1647d;hp=7a6a29ff64e2f9513714a2fe760cae77e154b78e;hpb=b2e2f61495ec9ec6415e5b4b15b0436ef01a98b9;p=lyx.git diff --git a/lib/doc/Math.lyx b/lib/doc/Math.lyx index 7a6a29ff64..064438495e 100644 --- a/lib/doc/Math.lyx +++ b/lib/doc/Math.lyx @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -#LyX 1.6.6svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 345 +#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 413 \begin_document \begin_header \textclass scrartcl @@ -41,11 +41,13 @@ \AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}} \newlength{\abc} \settowidth{\abc}{\space} +\AtBeginDocument{% \addto\extrasenglish{ \renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}} \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace} \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}} +} % don't load packages twice % see first footnote in sec. 9.3 @@ -69,14 +71,13 @@ % provides caption formatting \setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries} -% used in Kap. 22.6 +% used in sec. 23.6 \usepackage[samesize]{cancel} -% enables calculation of values, +% enables calculation of values \usepackage{calc} -% for multiple table row and column cells -\usepackage{multirow} +% for multiple columns used in sec. 23.7 \usepackage{multicol} % needed in sec. 19.4 @@ -85,9 +86,6 @@ % for the Fourier transformation symbol \usepackage{mathrsfs} -% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3) -\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering} - % define a color, used in sec.9.3 \definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5} @@ -112,9 +110,6 @@ \def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal} \def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}} -% redefine the greyed out note -\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout} - {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup} % ------------------------------------ % used to check for needed LaTeX packages @@ -136,6 +131,13 @@ \setboolean{braket}{true}} {\setboolean{braket}{false}} +% check for package cancel +\newboolean{cancel} +\IfFileExists{cancel.sty} + {\usepackage{cancel} + \setboolean{cancel}{true}} + {\setboolean{cancel}{false}} + % check for package upgreek \newboolean{upgreek} \IfFileExists{upgreek.sty} @@ -143,20 +145,28 @@ \setboolean{upgreek}{true}} {\setboolean{upgreek}{false}} \end_preamble -\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove +\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading \use_default_options false +\maintain_unincluded_children false \language english +\language_package default \inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global \font_roman default \font_sans default \font_typewriter default \font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false \font_sc false \font_osf false \font_sf_scale 100 \font_tt_scale 100 \graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default \paperfontsize 12 \spacing single \use_hyperref true @@ -173,14 +183,24 @@ \pdf_colorlinks true \pdf_backref false \pdf_pdfusetitle false -\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels" +\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false" \papersize a4paper \use_geometry false \use_amsmath 2 \use_esint 1 +\use_mhchem 1 +\use_mathdots 1 \cite_engine basic \use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false \paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\use_refstyle 0 +\notefontcolor #0000ff +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index \secnumdepth 4 \tocdepth 3 \paragraph_separation skip @@ -194,8 +214,9 @@ \bullet 3 2 7 -1 \tracking_changes false \output_changes false -\author "" -\author "" +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false \end_header \begin_body @@ -248,7 +269,7 @@ author: Uwe Stöhr \family sans -Version 1.6.x +Version 2.0.x \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -267,36 +288,24 @@ status open \begin_layout Plain Layout To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages \series bold -eurosym, +braket, cancel, eurosym, \series default \series bold -mhchem, multirow +mhchem \series default and \series bold was \series default - must be installed. - If -\series bold -eurosym, -\series default - -\series bold -multirow -\series default - or -\series bold -was -\series default - are not installed you can export the document anyway but the sections where - the packages are required won't appear in the output. - If + should be installed. + If they are not installed the document can be export anyway but the sections + where the packages are required will not appear in the output. + An exeption is \series bold mhchem \series default - is not installed, this file cannot be exported. +; if it is not installed, this file cannot be exported. \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -472,7 +481,7 @@ General Instructions \begin_layout Standard To create an inline formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -499,7 +508,7 @@ arg "math-mode" \end_inset To create a display style formula -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -543,7 +552,9 @@ To display parts of an inline formula in the size of a display style formula, \backslash displaystyle -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -554,8 +565,6 @@ displaystyle \end_inset - -\series default to a formula. Then a new blue box appears in which the desired formula part is inserted. \end_layout @@ -631,7 +640,7 @@ Math \begin_layout Standard The TeX-mode -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -682,7 +691,7 @@ proper names \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset - that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX, + that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX and LyX \end_layout @@ -698,7 +707,7 @@ To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair \begin_layout Standard To change the LaTeX-preamble -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -732,7 +741,7 @@ Preamble \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -To edit matrices, case differentiations, and multiline formulas subsequently, +To edit matrices, case differentiations and multiline formulas subsequently, the menus \family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator @@ -792,7 +801,7 @@ reference "sub:Text-in-multiline" mathematical text \emph default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -802,7 +811,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -812,7 +821,7 @@ Mathematical text \end_inset is used. - This mode is invoked with the the shortcut + This mode is invoked with the shortcut \begin_inset Info type "shortcut" arg "font-default" @@ -823,7 +832,9 @@ arg "font-default" \backslash text -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -834,8 +845,6 @@ text \end_inset - -\series default . The text appears black in LyX and can therefore be distinguished from the other formula parts that appear blue. @@ -886,7 +895,7 @@ A command starts always with a backslash To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets. The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as TeX-braces -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -954,7 +963,7 @@ This visible space character can be created with the command textvisiblespace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1033,7 +1042,7 @@ Available units \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1417,7 +1426,7 @@ Basic Functions \begin_layout Subsection Exponents -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1427,7 +1436,7 @@ Exponents \end_inset and Indices -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1437,7 +1446,7 @@ Indices \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1469,7 +1478,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1541,7 +1550,7 @@ _ \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -1699,7 +1708,7 @@ name "sub:Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1719,7 +1728,7 @@ Fractions are generated with the command frac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1756,7 +1765,9 @@ With the command \backslash dfrac -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1767,8 +1778,6 @@ dfrac \end_inset - -\series default a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style formula. With @@ -1776,7 +1785,9 @@ dfrac \backslash tfrac -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -1787,8 +1798,6 @@ tfrac \end_inset - -\series default the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula. An example: \end_layout @@ -1825,7 +1834,7 @@ dfrac \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2044,7 +2053,7 @@ For nested fractions the command cfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2064,9 +2073,11 @@ cfrac \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\ -\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*} +\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -2251,8 +2262,10 @@ cfrac frac \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} +\] \end_inset @@ -2268,7 +2281,7 @@ For inline fractions with a sloped fraction stroke you can use the command nicefrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2290,7 +2303,7 @@ nicefrac unitfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2366,7 +2379,7 @@ reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \begin_layout Subsection Roots -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2386,7 +2399,7 @@ Square roots are created with sqrt \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2411,7 +2424,7 @@ sqrt root \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2436,7 +2449,7 @@ root \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -2594,7 +2607,7 @@ The leftroot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2612,7 +2625,7 @@ leftroot uproot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2701,7 +2714,7 @@ produces a correct typeset formula: \begin_layout Subsection Binomial Coefficients -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2721,7 +2734,7 @@ Binomial coefficients are inserted with the command binom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2757,7 +2770,9 @@ binom \backslash dbinom -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2768,8 +2783,6 @@ dbinom \end_inset - -\series default and \series bold @@ -2777,7 +2790,7 @@ dbinom tbinom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2796,7 +2809,7 @@ tbinom brace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2814,7 +2827,7 @@ brace brack \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -2832,7 +2845,7 @@ brack \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3090,7 +3103,7 @@ B \begin_layout Subsection Case Differentiations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3106,7 +3119,7 @@ Case differentiations \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3154,7 +3167,7 @@ A \end_inset B>0 -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3221,7 +3234,8 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases} A & \textrm{for }x>0\\ -B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$ +B & \textrm{for }x=0 +\end{cases}$ \end_inset @@ -3285,7 +3299,7 @@ Cases-Environment \begin_layout Subsection Negations -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3305,7 +3319,7 @@ By inserting of not \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3324,7 +3338,7 @@ not \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3461,7 +3475,7 @@ name "sub:Placeholders" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3471,7 +3485,7 @@ Placeholders \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3481,7 +3495,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Isotopes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3548,7 +3562,7 @@ reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3630,7 +3644,7 @@ The shorter index is by default placed below or above the first character phantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3686,7 +3700,7 @@ phantom \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -3946,7 +3960,7 @@ Furthermore there are the commands vphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -3975,7 +3989,7 @@ vphantom hphantom \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4076,9 +4090,38 @@ reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets" . \end_layout +\begin_layout Standard +Placeholders can also be used for text when it is inserted via the menu + +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Phantom +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Phantom Phantom +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +This +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + is a sentence. +\end_layout + \begin_layout Subsection Lines -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4088,7 +4131,7 @@ Lines \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4104,7 +4147,7 @@ Formula ! underlined \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -4164,7 +4207,7 @@ spce \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4214,7 +4257,7 @@ spce \end_inset A+B -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4352,7 +4395,7 @@ Custom lines can be created using the command rule \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4419,7 +4462,30 @@ This is a sentence \backslash rule \series default - can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode. + can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu +\family sans +Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Horizontal +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Line +\family default +: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +This is a sentence +\begin_inset CommandInset line +LatexCommand rule +offset "0.5ex" +width "3cm" +height "1pt" + +\end_inset + + with one line. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection @@ -4431,7 +4497,7 @@ name "sub:Ellipses" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4468,7 +4534,7 @@ In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button ldots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4487,7 +4553,7 @@ ldots cdots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4506,7 +4572,7 @@ cdots dots \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4523,8 +4589,8 @@ dots \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - + + @@ -4777,7 +4843,7 @@ vdots - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4788,7 +4854,7 @@ ddots \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4796,6 +4862,31 @@ ddots \end_inset +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +iddots +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$ +\end_inset + + \end_layout \end_inset @@ -4822,7 +4913,8 @@ matrix with the different dots \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ -A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$ +A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm} +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -4861,6 +4953,40 @@ ldots \begin_inset VSpace medskip \end_inset +To use +\series bold + +\backslash +iddots +\series default +, one of the options +\family sans +Use mathdots package (automatically) +\family default + must be set in the document settings under +\family sans +Math +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +Options +\family default +. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Using the option +\family sans +Use mathdots package +\family default + will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font + style or size is not the default. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset VSpace medskip +\end_inset + Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. They are created with the command \series bold @@ -4869,7 +4995,7 @@ Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns. hdotsfor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -4911,11 +5037,14 @@ hdotsfor[2]{4} dots \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left(\begin{array}{cccc} A & B & C & D\\ \hdotsfor[2]{4}\\ -q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\] +q & w & e & r +\end{array}\right) +\] \end_inset @@ -4934,7 +5063,7 @@ Furthermore you can fill with the command dotfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5006,7 +5135,7 @@ dotfill hrulefill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5040,7 +5169,7 @@ name "sec:Matrices" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5067,7 +5196,8 @@ Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Matrix \family default . - You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows, and the alignment. + In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the + alignment and the decoration. The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline formulas: \end_layout @@ -5077,21 +5207,24 @@ The first matrix is top \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset , the second middle \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset -, and the third bottom + and the third bottom \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc} A & D & G & J\\ B & E & H & K\\ -C & F & I & L\end{array}$ +C & F & I & L +\end{array}$ \end_inset aligned. @@ -5108,7 +5241,7 @@ l \emph on c \emph default - centered, and + centered and \emph on r \emph default @@ -5122,7 +5255,7 @@ r \end_inset matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are - centered, and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal + centered and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal alignment \series bold lccr @@ -5149,7 +5282,8 @@ lll \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5160,7 +5294,8 @@ ccc \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset , @@ -5171,7 +5306,8 @@ rrr \begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr} 10000 & D & G\\ B & 10000 & H\\ -C & F & 10000\end{array}$ +C & F & 10000 +\end{array}$ \end_inset @@ -5216,7 +5352,12 @@ arg "newline-insert newline" \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands +The +\family sans +Decoration +\family default + adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix. + Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands \series bold @@ -5224,7 +5365,7 @@ Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5242,7 +5383,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5282,7 +5423,7 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -5360,7 +5501,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5408,7 +5550,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5456,7 +5599,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5476,7 +5620,7 @@ matrix \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -5538,7 +5682,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5586,7 +5731,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5634,7 +5780,8 @@ matrix \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc} 0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\ -\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ +\mathrm{i} & 0 +\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$ \end_inset @@ -5674,6 +5821,48 @@ vmatrix \series default is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix is inserted. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Note Greyedout +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +Note: +\series default + LaTeX limits the number of matrix columns with decorations to 10. + If you need more than 10 +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +columns, you have to add this line to the document preamble: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{number} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +where +\emph on +number +\emph default + is the number of columns between 11 and 99. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -5687,7 +5876,7 @@ As all multiline formulas are matrices, the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5716,7 +5905,7 @@ To change the row separation, the command arraystretch \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5739,7 +5928,7 @@ arraystretch renewcommand{ \backslash arraystretch}{stretch factor} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5794,7 +5983,7 @@ To set matrices into a text line, the command smallmatrix \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5813,7 +6002,8 @@ smallmatrix \begin_layout Standard This is a matrix \begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\ -C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ +C & D +\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \end_inset in a text line. @@ -5821,7 +6011,7 @@ C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ \begin_layout Section Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5831,7 +6021,7 @@ Brackets \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5845,7 +6035,7 @@ Delimiters \begin_layout Subsection Vertical Brackets and Delimiters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -5864,7 +6054,7 @@ Brackets ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6088,7 +6278,7 @@ lfloor \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6336,7 +6526,7 @@ Note: textbackslash \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6391,7 +6581,7 @@ name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6411,7 +6601,7 @@ The bracket size can be specified manually by the LaTeX-commands big \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6434,7 +6624,7 @@ Big \backslash bigg \series default -, and + and \series bold \backslash @@ -6464,7 +6654,7 @@ These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6653,7 +6843,7 @@ big bigm \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6678,7 +6868,7 @@ bigl bigr \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6719,7 +6909,7 @@ In the following table is a comparison of the variants: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -6953,7 +7143,7 @@ name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6973,7 +7163,7 @@ Brackets with variable size can be inserted with the commands left \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -6991,7 +7181,7 @@ left right \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7067,8 +7257,10 @@ spce ) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln(\frac{A}{C})\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln(\frac{A}{C}) +\] \end_inset @@ -7120,8 +7312,10 @@ spce right) \series default creates -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right) +\] \end_inset @@ -7230,8 +7424,10 @@ right} creates: \series bold -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} +\] \end_inset @@ -7265,7 +7461,7 @@ Because all popular LaTeX-Distributions use eTeX, an extension to LaTeX, middle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7287,8 +7483,10 @@ g. \end_inset needed for physical vectors: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle +\] \end_inset @@ -7304,7 +7502,7 @@ reference "sub:Physical-Vectors" \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Brackets -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7320,7 +7518,7 @@ Brackets ! horizontal \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -7429,7 +7627,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7515,7 +7713,7 @@ status collapsed \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7698,9 +7896,11 @@ reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset , must be used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\ - & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*} + & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s} +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7833,9 +8033,11 @@ jot}{-6pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\ -A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -7884,7 +8086,7 @@ target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505" jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7931,7 +8133,7 @@ reference "sub:Line-Separation" \begin_layout Section Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7954,16 +8156,9 @@ Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button or the commands listed in the following subsections. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Subsection Horizontal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -7982,7 +8177,7 @@ Arrows ! horizontal \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8191,7 +8386,7 @@ hookleftarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8407,7 +8602,7 @@ hookrightarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8571,7 +8766,7 @@ rightleftharpoons \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8732,7 +8927,7 @@ reference "sec:Accents" \end_inset Furthermore there are the labeled arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8748,7 +8943,7 @@ Arrows ! labeled xleftarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8766,7 +8961,7 @@ xleftarrow xrightarrow \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8800,7 +8995,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -8940,7 +9135,7 @@ F(a) \begin_layout Subsection Vertical and diagonal Arrows -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8950,7 +9145,7 @@ Arrows ! diagonal \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -8969,7 +9164,7 @@ Arrows ! vertical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9153,7 +9348,7 @@ downarrow \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9309,13 +9504,6 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" . \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Accents \begin_inset CommandInset label @@ -9325,7 +9513,7 @@ name "sec:Accents" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9396,14 +9584,22 @@ status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. +texorpdfstring +\series default + is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark. \end_layout \begin_layout Plain Layout More about +\series bold + \backslash -texorpdfstring is in section +texorpdfstring +\series default + is in section \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" @@ -9423,7 +9619,7 @@ name "sub:Accents-for-one" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9442,7 +9638,7 @@ Accents ! for one character \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -9602,7 +9798,20 @@ A \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -ddddot{A +ddddot +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +spce +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +A \end_layout \end_inset @@ -9641,7 +9850,7 @@ spce \end_inset A -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -9755,7 +9964,7 @@ A \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10028,7 +10237,7 @@ A You can directly insert accents like é to formulas. LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command. For umlauts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10071,7 +10280,7 @@ real \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10231,7 +10440,7 @@ In mathematical text, umlauts and other accented characters can directly \begin_layout Subsection Accents for Operators -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10251,7 +10460,7 @@ With the commands overset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10269,7 +10478,7 @@ overset underset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10289,7 +10498,7 @@ underset sideset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10381,8 +10590,10 @@ spce n \series default produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n} +\] \end_inset @@ -10433,8 +10644,10 @@ spce a \series default produces: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\overset{a}{\maltese}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\overset{a}{\maltese} +\] \end_inset @@ -10461,7 +10674,7 @@ sideset \begin_layout Subsection Accents for several Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10480,7 +10693,7 @@ Accents ! for several characters \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10682,7 +10895,7 @@ A=B \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -10887,8 +11100,10 @@ widehat \series default will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown in the following example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\widetilde{A+B=C-D} +\] \end_inset @@ -10903,7 +11118,7 @@ With the commands overset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10921,7 +11136,7 @@ overset underset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10958,8 +11173,10 @@ A=B *** \series default creates: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\underset{***}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\underset{***}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -10975,7 +11192,7 @@ name "sub:Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -10996,7 +11213,7 @@ name "sub:Predefined-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11072,7 +11289,7 @@ Space \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11327,7 +11544,7 @@ The last size seem to produce no space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11456,7 +11673,7 @@ useful for summation operators: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11594,7 +11811,7 @@ Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11714,7 +11931,7 @@ An example to visualize the difference: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -11851,7 +12068,7 @@ name "sub:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11871,7 +12088,7 @@ Space with a defined length can be inserted with the command hspace \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11944,7 +12161,7 @@ spce hfill \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -11969,7 +12186,7 @@ hfill \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -12234,7 +12451,7 @@ maximum space. \begin_layout Subsection Space besides inline Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12253,7 +12470,9 @@ The space that surrounds inline formulas can be adjusted with the length \backslash mathsurround -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12264,15 +12483,15 @@ mathsurround \end_inset - -\series default . The value of a length is set with the command \series bold \backslash setlength -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12283,8 +12502,6 @@ setlength \end_inset - -\series default that has the following scheme: \end_layout @@ -12387,7 +12604,7 @@ pt. \begin_layout Section Boxes and Frames -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12397,7 +12614,7 @@ Boxes \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12456,7 +12673,7 @@ name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12476,7 +12693,7 @@ It is possible to frame formulas or parts of it with the commands fbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12494,7 +12711,7 @@ fbox boxed \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12565,7 +12782,7 @@ fbox framebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -12650,7 +12867,7 @@ fbox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -12991,8 +13208,10 @@ fboxsep 3mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boxed{A+B=C}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boxed{A+B=C} +\] \end_inset @@ -13082,7 +13301,7 @@ name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13102,7 +13321,7 @@ For boxes without a frame there are the following box commands: mbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13120,7 +13339,7 @@ mbox makebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13131,14 +13350,14 @@ makebox \end_inset -, and + and \series bold \backslash raisebox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13227,7 +13446,7 @@ raisebox \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -13418,7 +13637,7 @@ name "sub:Colored-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13451,7 +13670,7 @@ color \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13510,7 +13729,7 @@ To color boxes, the command colorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13599,7 +13818,7 @@ red \series bold white \series default -, and + and \series bold yellow \end_layout @@ -13608,7 +13827,7 @@ yellow \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -13848,16 +14067,20 @@ An example: \begin_layout Standard \color red -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A=B\label{eq:red} +\end{equation} \end_inset \color green -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -13898,7 +14121,7 @@ To color the frame different than the rest of the box, the command fcolorbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -13969,8 +14192,10 @@ fboxsep 1mm \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B} +\] \end_inset @@ -14061,7 +14286,7 @@ definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0.5} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14092,7 +14317,7 @@ magenta \series bold yellow \series default -, and + and \series bold black \series default @@ -14129,7 +14354,7 @@ red \series bold green \series default -, and + and \series bold blue \series default @@ -14152,8 +14377,10 @@ darkgreen yellow \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14169,7 +14396,7 @@ Self-defined colors can also be used for text with the help of the command textcolor \series default : -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14224,7 +14451,7 @@ status collapsed textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14253,7 +14480,7 @@ name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14297,6 +14524,7 @@ hor_pos "c" has_inner_box 1 inner_pos "t" use_parbox 1 +use_makebox 0 width "5cm" special "none" height "1in" @@ -14365,7 +14593,7 @@ In LaTeX a parbox is created with the command parbox \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14450,7 +14678,9 @@ fboxrule}{ \backslash linewidth -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14461,8 +14691,6 @@ linewidth \end_inset - -\series default is hereby the line width set for the document. Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} @@ -14507,7 +14735,7 @@ calc \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14573,8 +14801,10 @@ fboxrule}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -14771,7 +15001,7 @@ reference "sec:Formula-Styles" \end_inset - Then the description follows as normal text, and finally + Then the description follows as normal text and finally \series bold }} \backslash @@ -14809,8 +15039,10 @@ commented \end_inset using the mathematical textmode: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...} +\] \end_inset @@ -14819,7 +15051,7 @@ commented \begin_layout Section Operators -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14840,7 +15072,7 @@ name "sub:Big-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14850,7 +15082,7 @@ Operators ! big \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14860,7 +15092,7 @@ Sums \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -14895,7 +15127,7 @@ Options \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -14926,7 +15158,7 @@ Result \backslash int -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15194,7 +15426,7 @@ bigcup \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15225,7 +15457,7 @@ Result \backslash sum -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15262,7 +15494,7 @@ sum \backslash prod -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15619,14 +15851,11 @@ incorrect: \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - - -\backslash -hphantom{in} +in \end_layout \end_inset @@ -15653,7 +15882,7 @@ For multiple integrals there are the following commands: \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15778,7 +16007,7 @@ sqiint \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -15896,7 +16125,7 @@ name "sub:Operator-Limits" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -15916,7 +16145,7 @@ Limits are created by super- and subscripts: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -16043,8 +16272,10 @@ arg "math-limits" \begin_layout Standard The default limits type is this: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] \end_inset @@ -16055,8 +16286,10 @@ Inline \family default \series default : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}} +\] \end_inset @@ -16083,8 +16316,10 @@ ointop Display \series default and so set below the integrals: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -16102,7 +16337,7 @@ To specify conditions for limits, the commands subarray \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16120,7 +16355,7 @@ subarray substack \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -16133,10 +16368,14 @@ substack are used. To create for example this expression -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} \sum_{\begin{subarray}{c} 0 - + @@ -16835,7 +17085,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17169,7 +17419,7 @@ vee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -17572,7 +17822,7 @@ name "sub:Self-defined-Operators" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17592,7 +17842,7 @@ With the help of the command DeclareMathOperator \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17662,8 +17912,10 @@ reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty} +\] \end_inset @@ -17696,7 +17948,7 @@ When self-defined operators are not used several times in the document, mathop \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17714,7 +17966,7 @@ mathop mathbin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17777,8 +18029,10 @@ be used to use one limit for several operators: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N} +\] \end_inset @@ -17843,7 +18097,7 @@ _i,j=1 \begin_layout Section Fonts -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17864,7 +18118,7 @@ name "sub:Font-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -17887,8 +18141,8 @@ Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles: \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - - + + @@ -17967,7 +18221,7 @@ ABC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-noun" \end_inset @@ -18023,7 +18277,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-bold" \end_inset @@ -18135,7 +18389,7 @@ ABC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-emph" \end_inset @@ -18146,7 +18400,7 @@ arg "font-emph" - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18174,7 +18428,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18186,7 +18440,7 @@ AbC \end_inset - + \begin_inset Text \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18196,58 +18450,109 @@ AbC \end_inset - - -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\align center -\begin_inset Tabular - - - - - \begin_inset Text -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Command -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Result -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Text - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -shortcut -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - - - -\begin_inset Text - \begin_layout Plain Layout \backslash -mathit +mathscr +\series bold + +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +spce +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\series default +AbC +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +- +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +shortcut +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +mathit \series bold \begin_inset ERT @@ -18337,7 +18642,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-roman" \end_inset @@ -18393,7 +18698,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-sans" \end_inset @@ -18449,7 +18754,7 @@ AbC \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Info -type "shortcut" +type "shortcuts" arg "font-typewriter" \end_inset @@ -18507,8 +18812,10 @@ mathnormal \begin_layout Standard The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18571,7 +18878,7 @@ name "sub:Bold-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18597,8 +18904,10 @@ mathbf \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf} +\] \end_inset @@ -18613,8 +18922,10 @@ To display the formula correctly, the command boldsymbol \series default is used: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18628,7 +18939,9 @@ boldmath environment \backslash boldmath -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18639,15 +18952,15 @@ boldmath \end_inset - -\series default in TeX-mode. To end the environment, the command \series bold \backslash unboldmath -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18658,8 +18971,6 @@ unboldmath \end_inset - -\series default is inserted in TeX-mode. \begin_inset ERT status collapsed @@ -18674,8 +18985,10 @@ boldmath \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment} +\] \end_inset @@ -18697,7 +19010,7 @@ unboldmath \begin_layout Subsection Colored Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18717,8 +19030,10 @@ Text Style \family default dialog. Here is a formula in magenta: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}} +\] \end_inset @@ -18741,7 +19056,7 @@ reference "sub:Colored-Boxes" textcolor \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18781,8 +19096,10 @@ textcolor{darkgreen}{ \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)} +\] \end_inset @@ -18831,7 +19148,7 @@ name "sub:Font-Sizes" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -18907,7 +19224,7 @@ footnotesize \backslash scriptsize \series default -, and + and \series bold \backslash @@ -18964,9 +19281,182 @@ normalsize \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -Within a formula the size can only be changed for symbols or letters in - mathematical text. - To do this, the size command is inserted in mathematical text. +Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\noindent +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Command +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Result +\begin_inset Note Note +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold + +\backslash +raisebox +\series default + is only used as spacer. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +displaystyle +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Commands ! D ! +\backslash +displaystyle +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6.5mm}{}{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-5.5mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +textstyle +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +scriptstyle +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\backslash +scriptscriptstyle +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +After entering these commands, a blue box appears in which the formula parts + are inserted. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +There is a further method to change the font size, that though only works + for symbols or letters in mathematical text. + To use it, one of the above text size commands is inserted in mathematical + text. All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until another size command will have the selected size. Two examples: @@ -18990,14 +19480,18 @@ huge \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese +\] \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}} +\] \end_inset @@ -19170,7 +19664,7 @@ If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed \begin_layout Section Greek Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19183,7 +19677,7 @@ Greek letters \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button +Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math/alpha.png scale 85 @@ -19191,11 +19685,15 @@ All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button \end_inset . + All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math + have to be typeset italic/slanted. + In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes + typeset upright. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Small Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -19214,7 +19712,7 @@ Greek letters ! small \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19498,7 +19996,7 @@ vartheta \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -19805,7 +20303,7 @@ rho \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20097,7 +20595,7 @@ omega \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -How to create upright Greek letters is explained in +How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in \begin_inset CommandInset ref LatexCommand ref reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" @@ -20109,7 +20607,7 @@ reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek" \begin_layout Subsection Big Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20128,7 +20626,7 @@ Greek letters ! big \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20312,7 +20810,7 @@ Pi \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20488,16 +20986,84 @@ var \backslash varGamma \series default - produces: + produces \begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$ \end_inset +. + Another way is to load the package +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + +\begin_inset Foot +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +\series bold +fixmath +\series default + is part of the LaTeX-package +\series bold +was +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! was +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +vspace{4mm} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Packages ! fixmath +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + with the LaTeX-preamble line +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +\backslash +usepackage{fixmath} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic. \end_layout \begin_layout Subsection Bold Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20518,7 +21084,7 @@ Greek letters cannot be set with different font styles like Latin letters. boldsymbol \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20536,7 +21102,7 @@ boldsymbol \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -20622,6 +21188,13 @@ theta \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -20692,7 +21265,7 @@ reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20732,7 +21305,7 @@ name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -20751,7 +21324,7 @@ Symbols ! mathematical \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21010,7 +21583,7 @@ jmath \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21309,7 +21882,7 @@ Bbbk \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21577,7 +22150,7 @@ name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -21594,7 +22167,7 @@ Symbols ! miscellaneous \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -21845,7 +22418,7 @@ $ \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22100,7 +22673,7 @@ bullet \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22382,7 +22955,7 @@ reference "sub:Font-Sizes" \begin_layout Subsection The Euro-Symbol € -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22392,7 +22965,7 @@ Symbols ! Euro-symbol \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22425,7 +22998,7 @@ To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package eurosym \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22453,7 +23026,7 @@ The Euro symbol can now be inserted with the command euro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22492,7 +23065,7 @@ euro officialeuro \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22544,7 +23117,7 @@ An overview about the different Euro symbols: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -22745,13 +23318,6 @@ fi \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Section @@ -22763,7 +23329,7 @@ name "sec:Relations" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22773,7 +23339,7 @@ Relations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -22825,7 +23391,7 @@ All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23257,7 +23823,7 @@ nmid \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -23689,7 +24255,7 @@ widehat= \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24164,7 +24730,7 @@ Relations with labels can be created with the command stackrel \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24182,7 +24748,7 @@ stackrel \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24328,7 +24894,7 @@ name "sub:Predefined-Functions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24363,7 +24929,7 @@ italic \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24474,7 +25040,7 @@ The following functions are predefined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -24905,7 +25471,7 @@ They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button \begin_layout Subsection Self-defined Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -24967,7 +25533,7 @@ DeclareMathOperator{ sgn}{sgn} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25002,8 +25568,8 @@ sgn \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -Write the the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the - letters +Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters + \emph on sgn \emph default @@ -25029,7 +25595,7 @@ In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25120,7 +25686,7 @@ The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should \begin_layout Subsection Limits -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25140,7 +25706,7 @@ For limits there are defined besides lim \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25170,7 +25736,7 @@ limsup \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25332,7 +25898,7 @@ The limit is created by inserting a subscript. \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25437,8 +26003,10 @@ x=B \begin_layout Standard In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lim_{x\to A}x=B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lim_{x\to A}x=B +\] \end_inset @@ -25447,7 +26015,7 @@ In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual: \begin_layout Subsection Modulo-Functions -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25465,12 +26033,14 @@ The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants. \begin_layout Standard The variants in a displayed formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\ \mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\ \mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\ \mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\ -\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*} +\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -25482,16 +26052,9 @@ In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all variants. \end_layout -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage -\end_inset - - -\end_layout - \begin_layout Section Special Characters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25518,7 +26081,7 @@ The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode: \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -25674,7 +26237,7 @@ aa \backslash AA -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -25754,7 +26317,7 @@ i \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26060,7 +26623,7 @@ name "sub:Accents-in-Text" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26084,7 +26647,7 @@ With the following commands all letters can be accented. \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26412,7 +26975,7 @@ t ee \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -26524,7 +27087,7 @@ status collapsed \backslash ~e -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26801,7 +27364,7 @@ The accents \series bold ' \series default - , and + and \series bold ^ \series default @@ -26879,8 +27442,8 @@ u \backslash v \series default -, and accents inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in - mathematical text. + and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available + in mathematical text. For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas, see \begin_inset CommandInset ref @@ -26903,7 +27466,7 @@ Furthermore, with the command textcircled \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -26915,14 +27478,14 @@ textcircled \end_inset all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a - circle, similar to the the copyright symbol. + circle, similar to the copyright symbol. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -27114,7 +27677,7 @@ reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame" \begin_layout Subsection Minuscule Numbers -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27134,7 +27697,7 @@ Minuscule numbers are created with the command oldstylenums \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27181,7 +27744,7 @@ name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27201,7 +27764,7 @@ The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -27308,7 +27871,7 @@ spce \backslash circ -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27400,7 +27963,7 @@ name "sec:Formula-Styles" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27452,7 +28015,7 @@ Indented mathindent \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27559,7 +28122,7 @@ name "sec:Multiline-Formulas" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27667,7 +28230,7 @@ name "sub:Line-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27681,9 +28244,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! Line separation \begin_layout Standard There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -27777,14 +28342,14 @@ end{eqnarray*} \begin_inset VSpace bigskip \end_inset -To set the the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length +To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length \series bold \backslash jot \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27850,7 +28415,7 @@ calc \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27887,9 +28452,11 @@ jot}{3mm+3pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\ -4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*} +4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0 +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -27933,7 +28500,7 @@ name "sub:Column-Separation" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -27961,7 +28528,7 @@ The column separation is specified with the length arraycolsep \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28044,9 +28611,11 @@ arraycolsep}{1cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28070,9 +28639,11 @@ arraycolsep}{5pt} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & B\\ -C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} +C & \ne & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28081,7 +28652,7 @@ C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsubsection Long Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28101,9 +28672,11 @@ Long formulas can be typeset using these methods: When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two lines: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\ - & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray} + & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -28145,7 +28718,7 @@ reference "sub:Variable-Space" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28167,7 +28740,7 @@ When both sides of the equation are too long, the command lefteqn \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28181,10 +28754,12 @@ lefteqn is used. It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all further insertions overwrite the following columns: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\ & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\ - & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray} + & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -28300,7 +28875,7 @@ name "sub:Multiline-Brackets" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28314,9 +28889,11 @@ Brackets ! for multiline expressions \begin_layout Standard For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28337,7 +28914,7 @@ To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is right. \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28384,7 +28961,7 @@ reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size" \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28469,7 +29046,7 @@ spce _R=1} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28487,9 +29064,11 @@ vphantom \begin_layout Standard The result is this: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\ - & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*} + & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right] +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28559,7 +29138,7 @@ name "sub:Standard-align-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28590,9 +29169,11 @@ AMS align Environment \begin_layout Standard An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four column align environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -28659,7 +29240,7 @@ hfill \begin_layout Subsubsection Alignat Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28689,9 +29270,11 @@ The above example in the alignat environment where 1 \end_inset cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{alignat*}{2} A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\ -C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*} +C & \ne A & B & \ne D +\end{alignat*} \end_inset @@ -28709,7 +29292,7 @@ name "sub:Flalign-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28725,9 +29308,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible to the left and the last two ones to the right. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign*} A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\ -X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*} +X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4 +\end{flalign*} \end_inset @@ -28750,8 +29335,10 @@ reference "eq:VolInt" \end_inset : -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} -\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} +\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -28776,7 +29363,7 @@ name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28794,10 +29381,12 @@ When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear. one left aligned. The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because it is designed to insert there only relation characters. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray*} \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\ AB & AB & AB\\ -A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} +A & = & A +\end{eqnarray*} \end_inset @@ -28806,7 +29395,7 @@ A & = & A\end{eqnarray*} \begin_layout Subsection Gather Environment -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28821,9 +29410,11 @@ Formula ! multiline ! gather environment \begin_layout Standard This environment consists of only one centered column. Every line can be numbered. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{gather} A=1\\ -X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather} +X=\textrm{-}1 +\end{gather} \end_inset @@ -28839,7 +29430,7 @@ name "sub:Multline-Environment" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28865,10 +29456,12 @@ reference "eq:lefteqn" \end_inset in the multline environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ -B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -28903,7 +29496,9 @@ With the commands \backslash shoveright -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28914,14 +29509,14 @@ shoveright \end_inset - -\series default and \series bold \backslash shoveleft -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28932,8 +29527,6 @@ shoveleft \end_inset - -\series default a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively. The commands are used as follows: \end_layout @@ -28961,7 +29554,9 @@ The length \backslash multlinegap -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -28972,8 +29567,6 @@ multlinegap \end_inset - -\series default specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin. Predefined is the length 0 \begin_inset space \thinspace{} @@ -29013,10 +29606,12 @@ multlinegap}{2cm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{multline} 4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\ \shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\ -=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline} +=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}} +\end{multline} \end_inset @@ -29053,7 +29648,7 @@ name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29097,10 +29692,13 @@ The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside them. An example: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\ -\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned} -\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\] +\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2} +\end{aligned} +\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations} +\] \end_inset @@ -29113,7 +29711,9 @@ To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command \backslash aligned -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29124,8 +29724,6 @@ aligned \end_inset - -\series default is inserted. A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and lines can be added. @@ -29146,9 +29744,11 @@ reference "eq:shortlong" \end_inset in the aligned environment: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} \begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\ - & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned} + & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|} +\end{aligned} \end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29176,7 +29776,7 @@ split alignedat \series default , -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29194,7 +29794,7 @@ alignedat gathered \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29212,7 +29812,7 @@ gathered split \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29237,7 +29837,7 @@ name "sub:Text-in-multiline" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29247,7 +29847,7 @@ Text ! in formulas \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29268,7 +29868,9 @@ In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text \backslash intertext -\begin_inset Index +\series default + +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29279,8 +29881,6 @@ intertext \end_inset - -\series default is used in the following scheme: \end_layout @@ -29310,18 +29910,27 @@ intertext must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above this line. An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align} I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\ -\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align} +\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{align} \end_inset +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Newpage newpage +\end_inset + + \end_layout \begin_layout Section Formula Numbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29331,7 +29940,7 @@ Formula numbering \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29454,7 +30063,7 @@ reference "sec:Formula-Styles" \begin_layout Subsection Cross-References -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29640,7 +30249,7 @@ reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes" \begin_layout Subsection Subnumbering -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29671,8 +30280,10 @@ end{subequations} \begin_layout Standard An example: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=C-B\label{eq:a} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29707,14 +30318,18 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=C-A\label{eq:b} +\end{equation} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=A+B\label{eq:c} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -29753,7 +30368,7 @@ first formula is inserted addtocounter{equation}{-1} \backslash begin{subequations} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29929,10 +30544,12 @@ begin{subequations} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\ & = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\ - & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray} + & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -29961,7 +30578,7 @@ name "sub:User-defined-Numbering" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -29974,7 +30591,7 @@ Formula numbering ! user-defined \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30034,7 +30651,7 @@ When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive tag \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30046,8 +30663,10 @@ tag \end_inset is used: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30094,8 +30713,10 @@ spce something \series default is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -A+B=C\tag*{something}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +A+B=C\tag*{something} +\] \end_inset @@ -30118,7 +30739,7 @@ To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the @addtoreset{equation}{part} \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30283,7 +30904,7 @@ remreset carlisle \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30298,7 +30919,7 @@ Packages ! carlisle \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30326,7 +30947,7 @@ Then the command @removefromreset \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30423,7 +31044,7 @@ For this case there is the command numberwithin \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30477,8 +31098,10 @@ numberwithin{equation}{section} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A+B=C\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A+B=C +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30523,7 +31146,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30621,7 +31244,7 @@ makeatother \begin_layout Subsection Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30631,7 +31254,7 @@ Formula numbering ! with letters \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30669,7 +31292,7 @@ is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode. renewcommand \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30746,7 +31369,7 @@ theequation \backslash roman{equation} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30788,7 +31411,7 @@ roman Roman \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30817,7 +31440,7 @@ number alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30835,7 +31458,7 @@ alph Alph \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -30866,13 +31489,6 @@ Note: \end_inset -\end_layout - -\begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak -\end_inset - - \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -30896,8 +31512,10 @@ roman{equation}} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +A=\textrm{small roman} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30919,8 +31537,10 @@ Roman{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30942,8 +31562,10 @@ alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +C=\textrm{small Latin} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30965,8 +31587,10 @@ Alph{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -30987,7 +31611,7 @@ renewcommand{ theequation}{ \backslash arabic{equation}} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31019,8 +31643,10 @@ arabic{equation}} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +E=\textrm{Arabic} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31062,7 +31688,7 @@ name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31072,7 +31698,7 @@ Chemical characters ! Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31082,7 +31708,7 @@ Chemical equations \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31113,8 +31739,10 @@ The . The chemical equation for this is: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction} +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -31163,7 +31791,7 @@ A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command ce \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31179,7 +31807,7 @@ ce mhchem \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31203,7 +31831,7 @@ ce \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -31890,9 +32518,11 @@ reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2" are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation has its own number. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{eqnarray} \ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\ -\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}\end{eqnarray} +\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2} +\end{eqnarray} \end_inset @@ -31917,7 +32547,7 @@ mhchem cf \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31967,7 +32597,7 @@ xymatrix \begin_layout Subsection Amscd Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -31982,10 +32612,13 @@ Diagrams ! amscd \begin_layout Standard Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines or arrows: -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\ @AAA@.@VVV\\ -F@<<>> \series default - a right arrow, and + a right arrow and \series bold @= \series default @@ -32053,7 +32686,7 @@ To create the relations there are the following commands: \series bold @VVV \series default - an down arrow, and + an down arrow and \series bold @| \series default @@ -32093,10 +32726,13 @@ As example a diagram with all possible relations: \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ +\begin_inset Formula +\[ \begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\ @AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\ -D@<k>>F@=C\end{CD}\] +D@<k>>F@=C +\end{CD} +\] \end_inset @@ -32130,18 +32766,12 @@ A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD @@ -32158,12 +32788,6 @@ spce \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32183,18 +32807,12 @@ V@| Ctrl+Return \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash CD @@ -32211,12 +32829,6 @@ spce \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32226,7 +32838,7 @@ D@<k>>F@=C \begin_layout Subsection Xymatrix Diagrams -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32277,26 +32889,85 @@ Specific \begin_inset space ~ \end_inset -Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator -XY-pic -\begin_inset space ~ -\end_inset - -Manual +Manuals \family default . \end_layout +\begin_layout Subsection + +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default + Diagrams +\begin_inset Index idx +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Diagrams ! Feynman +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Newpage newpage +To be able to use +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default +-diagrams, the LaTeX-package +\series bold +feyn +\series default + must be installed. + A +\noun on +Feynman +\noun default +-diagram is created by inserting the command +\series bold + +\backslash +Diagram +\series default + in a formula. + Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices, + see +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "sec:Matrices" + \end_inset +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Examples how to create +\noun on +Feynman- +\noun default +diagrams in LyX is given in the +\emph on +Feynman-diagram manual +\emph default + that you find in the menu +\family sans +Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Specific +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset +Manuals +\family default +. \end_layout \begin_layout Section User-defined Commands -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32337,7 +33008,7 @@ name "sub:The-Command-newcommand" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32349,7 +33020,7 @@ newcommand \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32398,27 +33069,15 @@ value] \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -32702,7 +33361,7 @@ A test of the new defined commands: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -32959,7 +33618,7 @@ A=B \begin_layout Subsection Math Macros -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32969,7 +33628,7 @@ User-defined commands! Math macros \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -32986,14 +33645,18 @@ User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions. When you are for example dealing in a document with quadratic equations, the same solution type occurs several times. The general form of a quadratic equation is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q +\] \end_inset The general form of the solution is -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q} +\] \end_inset @@ -33010,7 +33673,7 @@ To define a command for the solution formula where only the three parameters \begin_inset Formula $p$ \end_inset -, and + and \begin_inset Formula $q$ \end_inset @@ -33039,27 +33702,15 @@ pm \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash newcommand -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33326,7 +33977,7 @@ Here is our macro example with the arguments \begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$ \end_inset -, and + and \begin_inset Formula $B$ \end_inset @@ -33334,8 +33985,10 @@ Here is our macro example with the arguments \end_layout \begin_layout Standard -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\qG x{\ln(x)}B\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\qG x{\ln(x)}B +\] \end_inset @@ -33454,7 +34107,7 @@ When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -33487,7 +34140,7 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -33497,7 +34150,6 @@ The macro toolbar contains from left to right the following buttons: \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33533,7 +34185,6 @@ Remove Last Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33569,7 +34220,6 @@ Append Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33597,18 +34247,12 @@ Make First Non-Optional into \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33617,12 +34261,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33640,7 +34278,6 @@ Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33668,18 +34305,12 @@ Make Last Optional into \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33688,12 +34319,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33711,7 +34336,6 @@ Non-Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33747,7 +34371,6 @@ Remove Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33783,7 +34406,6 @@ Insert Optional Argument \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33811,18 +34433,12 @@ Remove Last Argument \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33831,12 +34447,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33854,7 +34464,6 @@ Spitting Out To The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33882,18 +34491,12 @@ Append Argument \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33902,12 +34505,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33925,7 +34522,6 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_layout Plain Layout \begin_inset Graphics filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png - BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp rotateOrigin center \end_inset @@ -33953,18 +34549,12 @@ Append Optional Argument \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -hphantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\family sans Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator Macro @@ -33973,12 +34563,6 @@ Macro Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -33996,6 +34580,148 @@ Eating From The Right \end_layout +\begin_layout Section +Computer Algebra Systems +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's + math editor and external applications or user defined scripts. + Currently supported applications are +\family sans +Maple +\family default +, +\family sans +Mathematica +\family default +, +\family sans +Maxima +\family default + and +\family sans +Octave +\family default +. + Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only + to very simple cases. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Usage +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Write some expression in a formula, go to the +\family sans +Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator +Use Computer Algebra System +\family default + menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer. + After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the + expression together with the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + += +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + operator. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Here are few simple examples (with results from +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default +) to show what kind of computations can be performed: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc} +1 & 6 & 7\\ +2 & 5 & 8\\ +3 & 4 & 17 +\end{array}\right]=-56$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Keyboard shortcut +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications. + One can easily bind a shortcut to the +\family sans +math-extern +\family default + LyX function (see the +\family sans +\emph on +LyX Functions +\family default +\emph default + manual). + One could e. +\begin_inset space \thinspace{} +\end_inset + +g. +\begin_inset space ~ +\end_inset + +bind the +\family sans +Return +\family default + key inside the math editor. + To bind it to +\family typewriter +Maxima +\family default + one would use this shortcut definition command: +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold +command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima +\end_layout + \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset Newpage newpage \end_inset @@ -34005,7 +34731,7 @@ Eating From The Right \begin_layout Section Tips -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34019,7 +34745,7 @@ Tips \begin_layout Subsection Negative Numbers -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34051,7 +34777,7 @@ An example to visualize the problem: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34129,7 +34855,7 @@ solution: \begin_layout Subsection Comma as decimal Separator -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34178,7 +34904,7 @@ icomma was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34206,7 +34932,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34235,7 +34961,7 @@ name "sub:Physical-Vectors" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34253,21 +34979,7 @@ Predefined vectors are offered by the LaTeX-package braket \series default -\begin_inset Foot -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold -braket -\series default - should be part of every LaTeX standard installation. -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34314,6 +35026,10 @@ braket \end_inset + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard The following commands are defined: \end_layout @@ -34321,7 +35037,7 @@ The following commands are defined: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34442,8 +35158,10 @@ The command Braket \series default assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}} +\] \end_inset @@ -34533,7 +35251,7 @@ name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34553,7 +35271,7 @@ To define custom commands for fractions, the command genfrac \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34585,27 +35303,15 @@ bracket}{fraction bar thickness}{style} \end_inset -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed +\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom +status open \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\backslash -phantom{ -\end_layout - -\end_inset - +\series bold \backslash genfrac -\begin_inset ERT -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout - -} \end_layout \end_inset @@ -34629,7 +35335,7 @@ The style is a number in the range of 0 \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -34834,9 +35540,11 @@ genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}} \begin_layout Standard A test: -\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{align*} \text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\ -\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*} +\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B} +\end{align*} \end_inset @@ -34846,7 +35554,7 @@ As one can see, the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the \begin_layout Subsection Canceled Formulas -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -34864,38 +35572,54 @@ To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package cancel \series default -\begin_inset Foot +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout - -\series bold -cancel -\series default - is part of every LaTeX standard installation. +Packages ! cancel \end_layout \end_inset + has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line +\end_layout -\begin_inset Index +\begin_layout Standard + +\series bold + +\backslash +usepackage[samesize]{cancel} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! cancel + + +\backslash +ifcancel \end_layout \end_inset - has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\end_layout -\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Note Note +status open +\begin_layout Plain Layout +The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package \series bold +cancel +\series default + is installed. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + -\backslash -usepackage[samesize]{cancel} \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -34906,7 +35630,7 @@ There are four ways to cancel formulas: \align center \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -35126,8 +35850,64 @@ A=B cancelto \series default is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +else +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Note Note +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package +\series bold +cancel +\series default + is not installed: +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +You need to install the LaTeX-package +\series bold +cancel +\series default + to see the rest of this subsection in the output. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status collapsed + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +fi +\end_layout \end_inset @@ -35143,7 +35923,7 @@ name "sub:Formulas-in-Section" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35170,7 +35950,7 @@ When hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35230,7 +36010,7 @@ hyperref \backslash texorpdfstring{part}{alternative} -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35277,7 +36057,7 @@ Heading without formula in table of contents \end_inset -\begin_inset OptArg +\begin_inset Argument status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35371,7 +36151,7 @@ reference "sub:Bold-Formulas" \begin_layout Subsection Formulas in multi-column Text -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35405,7 +36185,7 @@ multicol \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35591,8 +36371,10 @@ end{multicols} \end_inset -\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation} -S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation} +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{equation} +S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi +\end{equation} \end_inset @@ -35657,7 +36439,7 @@ end{multicols} \begin_layout Subsection Formulas with Description of Variables -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35824,12 +36606,15 @@ reference "eq:within" \end_inset consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation, - the third the matrix, and the last one an empty TeX-brace. -\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign} + the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace. +\begin_inset Formula +\begin{flalign} \hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll} \rho & \textrm{density}\\ V & \textrm{volume}\\ -g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign} +g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration} +\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within} +\end{flalign} \end_inset @@ -35845,7 +36630,7 @@ name "sub:Upright-small-Greek" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35879,7 +36664,7 @@ upgreek was \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35907,7 +36692,7 @@ vspace{4mm} \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -35977,8 +36762,10 @@ uptau \begin_layout Standard With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset: -\begin_inset Formula \[ -\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\] +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu} +\] \end_inset @@ -36061,7 +36848,7 @@ name "sub:Text-Characters-in" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36202,7 +36989,7 @@ i} \begin_layout Section \start_of_appendix Typographic Advice -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36428,7 +37215,7 @@ Components of matrices are set italic: \end_layout \begin_layout Itemize -The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e', and +The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e' and the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright, to avoid mixing them up with other variables. \end_layout @@ -36455,22 +37242,8 @@ spce \end_inset - -\backslash -{F +F \series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Commands ! M ! -\backslash -mathscr -\end_layout - -\end_inset - or via the menu \family sans Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator @@ -36487,36 +37260,6 @@ Symbols \end_inset -\begin_inset Newline newline -\end_inset - -To be able to use the command -\series bold - -\backslash -mathscr -\series default -, the LaTeX package -\series bold -mathrsfs -\series default - -\begin_inset Index -status collapsed - -\begin_layout Plain Layout -Packages ! mathrsfs -\end_layout - -\end_inset - - needs to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line -\series bold - -\backslash -usepackage{mathrsfs} -\series default -. \end_layout \begin_layout Standard @@ -36528,7 +37271,7 @@ usepackage{mathrsfs} \begin_layout Section Synonyms -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -36556,7 +37299,7 @@ Some characters and symbols can be created with several commands. \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -36883,7 +37626,7 @@ vert \begin_inset Tabular - + @@ -37187,6 +37930,7 @@ Vert \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "TLC2" @@ -37207,6 +37951,7 @@ The LaTeX Companion \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Mathmode" @@ -37225,6 +37970,7 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/math/voss/mathmode/Mathmode.pdf" \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "AMS" @@ -37256,6 +38002,7 @@ AmS \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Symbols" @@ -37274,6 +38021,7 @@ target "ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "hyperref" @@ -37293,7 +38041,7 @@ target "http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref/ftp/doc/manual.pdf" hyperref \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37306,6 +38054,7 @@ Packages ! hyperref \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "mhchem" @@ -37325,7 +38074,7 @@ target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mhchem/mhchem.pdf" mhchem \series default -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37338,6 +38087,7 @@ Packages ! mhchem \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Mathclap" @@ -37366,7 +38116,7 @@ reference "sub:Operator-Limits" \end_inset -\begin_inset Index +\begin_inset Index idx status collapsed \begin_layout Plain Layout @@ -37381,6 +38131,7 @@ mathclap \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Duden" @@ -37397,6 +38148,7 @@ Duden Band 1 \end_layout \begin_layout Bibliography +\labelwidthstring References \begin_inset CommandInset bibitem LatexCommand bibitem key "Checklist" @@ -37417,6 +38169,7 @@ target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf" \begin_layout Standard \begin_inset CommandInset index_print LatexCommand printindex +type "idx" \end_inset