]> git.lyx.org Git - features.git/blobdiff - src/output_docbook.cpp
DocBook: use the same normalisation for biblio IDs and their references.
[features.git] / src / output_docbook.cpp
index b80aaddf9b34903d697ea64d2112ed593bef40f5..e9bd621898ed7e485a4fc91cf79bf48ffc44f421 100644 (file)
 
 #include <config.h>
 
+#include "output_docbook.h"
+
 #include "Buffer.h"
 #include "buffer_funcs.h"
 #include "BufferParams.h"
-#include "Counters.h"
 #include "Font.h"
 #include "InsetList.h"
-#include "Layout.h"
-#include "OutputParams.h"
 #include "Paragraph.h"
 #include "ParagraphList.h"
 #include "ParagraphParameters.h"
 #include "TextClass.h"
 
 #include "insets/InsetBibtex.h"
+#include "insets/InsetBibitem.h"
 #include "insets/InsetLabel.h"
+#include "mathed/InsetMath.h"
 #include "insets/InsetNote.h"
 
-#include "support/convert.h"
-#include "support/debug.h"
 #include "support/lassert.h"
-#include "support/lstrings.h"
 #include "support/textutils.h"
 
 #include <stack>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace lyx::support;
@@ -47,584 +46,711 @@ namespace lyx {
 
 namespace {
 
-std::string const fontToDocBookTag(xml::FontTypes type) {
-    switch (type) {
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_EMPH:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_BOLD:
-        return "emphasis";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_NOUN:
-        return "person";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_UBAR:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_WAVE:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_DBAR:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SOUT:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_XOUT:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_ITALIC:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_UPRIGHT:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SLANTED:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SMALLCAPS:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_ROMAN:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SANS:
-        return "emphasis";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_TYPE:
-        return "code";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_TINY:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SCRIPT:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_FOOTNOTE:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SMALL:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_NORMAL:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGE:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGER:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGEST:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGE:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGER:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_INCREASE:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_DECREASE:
-        return "emphasis";
-    default:
-        return "";
-    }
+std::string fontToDocBookTag(xml::FontTypes type)
+{
+       switch (type) {
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_EMPH:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_BOLD:
+               return "emphasis";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_NOUN:
+               return "personname";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_UBAR:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_WAVE:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_DBAR:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SOUT:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_XOUT:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_ITALIC:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_UPRIGHT:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SLANTED:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SMALLCAPS:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_ROMAN:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SANS:
+               return "emphasis";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_TYPE:
+               return "code";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_TINY:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SCRIPT:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_FOOTNOTE:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SMALL:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_NORMAL:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGE:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGER:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGEST:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGE:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGER:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_INCREASE:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_DECREASE:
+               return "emphasis";
+       default:
+               return "";
+       }
 }
 
-string fontToRole(xml::FontTypes type) {
-    // Specific fonts are achieved with roles. The only common ones are "" for basic emphasis,
-    // and "bold"/"strong" for bold. With some specific options, other roles are copied into
-    // HTML output (via the DocBook XSLT sheets); otherwise, if not recognised, they are just ignored.
-    // Hence, it is not a problem to have many roles by default here.
-    // See https://www.sourceware.org/ml/docbook/2003-05/msg00269.html
-    switch (type) {
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_ITALIC:
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_EMPH:
-        return "";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_BOLD:
-        return "bold";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_NOUN:
-        return ""; // Outputs a <person>
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_TYPE:
-        return ""; // Outputs a <code>
-
-        // All other roles are non-standard for DocBook.
-
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_UBAR:
-        return "ubar";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_WAVE:
-        return "wave";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_DBAR:
-        return "dbar";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SOUT:
-        return "sout";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_XOUT:
-        return "xout";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_UPRIGHT:
-        return "upright";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SLANTED:
-        return "slanted";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SMALLCAPS:
-        return "smallcaps";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_ROMAN:
-        return "roman";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SANS:
-        return "sans";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_TINY:
-        return "tiny";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SCRIPT:
-        return "size_script";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_FOOTNOTE:
-        return "size_footnote";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SMALL:
-        return "size_small";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_NORMAL:
-        return "size_normal";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGE:
-        return "size_large";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGER:
-        return "size_larger";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGEST:
-        return "size_largest";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGE:
-        return "size_huge";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGER:
-        return "size_huger";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_INCREASE:
-        return "size_increase";
-    case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_DECREASE:
-        return "size_decrease";
-    default:
-        return "";
-    }
+
+string fontToRole(xml::FontTypes type)
+{
+       // Specific fonts are achieved with roles. The only common ones are "" for basic emphasis,
+       // and "bold"/"strong" for bold. With some specific options, other roles are copied into
+       // HTML output (via the DocBook XSLT sheets); otherwise, if not recognised, they are just ignored.
+       // Hence, it is not a problem to have many roles by default here.
+       // See https://www.sourceware.org/ml/docbook/2003-05/msg00269.html
+       switch (type) {
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_ITALIC:
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_EMPH:
+               return "";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_BOLD:
+               return "bold";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_NOUN: // Outputs a <person>
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_TYPE: // Outputs a <code>
+               return "";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_UBAR:
+               return "underline";
+
+       // All other roles are non-standard for DocBook.
+
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_WAVE:
+               return "wave";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_DBAR:
+               return "dbar";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SOUT:
+               return "sout";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_XOUT:
+               return "xout";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_UPRIGHT:
+               return "upright";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SLANTED:
+               return "slanted";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SMALLCAPS:
+               return "smallcaps";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_ROMAN:
+               return "roman";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SANS:
+               return "sans";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_TINY:
+               return "tiny";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SCRIPT:
+               return "size_script";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_FOOTNOTE:
+               return "size_footnote";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_SMALL:
+               return "size_small";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_NORMAL:
+               return "size_normal";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGE:
+               return "size_large";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGER:
+               return "size_larger";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_LARGEST:
+               return "size_largest";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGE:
+               return "size_huge";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_HUGER:
+               return "size_huger";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_INCREASE:
+               return "size_increase";
+       case xml::FontTypes::FT_SIZE_DECREASE:
+               return "size_decrease";
+       default:
+               return "";
+       }
 }
 
+
 string fontToAttribute(xml::FontTypes type) {
-    // If there is a role (i.e. nonstandard use of a tag), output the attribute. Otherwise, the sheer tag is sufficient
-    // for the font.
-    string role = fontToRole(type);
-    if (!role.empty()) {
-        return "role='" + role + "'";
-    } else {
-        return "";
-    }
+       // If there is a role (i.e. nonstandard use of a tag), output the attribute. Otherwise, the sheer tag is sufficient
+       // for the font.
+       string role = fontToRole(type);
+       if (!role.empty()) {
+               return "role='" + role + "'";
+       } else {
+               return "";
+       }
 }
 
-} // end anonymous namespace
-
 
-xml::FontTag docbookStartFontTag(xml::FontTypes type)
+// Convenience functions to open and close tags. First, very low-level ones to ensure a consistent new-line behaviour.
+// Block style:
+//       Content before
+//       <blocktag>
+//         Contents of the block.
+//       </blocktag>
+//       Content after
+// Paragraph style:
+//       Content before
+//         <paratag>Contents of the paragraph.</paratag>
+//       Content after
+// Inline style:
+//    Content before<inlinetag>Contents of the paragraph.</inlinetag>Content after
+
+void openInlineTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & attr)
 {
-    return xml::FontTag(from_utf8(fontToDocBookTag(type)), from_utf8(fontToAttribute(type)), type);
+       xs << xml::StartTag(tag, attr);
 }
 
 
-xml::EndFontTag docbookEndFontTag(xml::FontTypes type)
+void closeInlineTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag)
 {
-    return xml::EndFontTag(from_utf8(fontToDocBookTag(type)), type);
+       xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
 }
 
 
-namespace {
-
-// convenience functions
-
-void openParTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-    if (lay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE") {
-        xs << xml::StartTag(lay.docbookwrappertag(), lay.docbookwrapperattr());
-    }
-
-    string tag = lay.docbooktag();
-    if (tag == "Plain Layout")
-        tag = "para";
-
-    xs << xml::ParTag(tag, lay.docbookattr());
+void openParTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & attr)
+{
+       if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       xs << xml::StartTag(tag, attr);
 }
 
 
-void closeTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-    string tag = lay.docbooktag();
-    if (tag == "Plain Layout")
-        tag = "para";
-
-    xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
-    if (lay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE")
-        xs << xml::EndTag(lay.docbookwrappertag());
+void closeParTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag)
+{
+       xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
+       xs << xml::CR();
 }
 
 
-void openLabelTag(XMLStream & xs, Layout const & lay) // Mostly for definition lists.
+void openBlockTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & attr)
 {
-    xs << xml::StartTag(lay.docbookitemlabeltag(), lay.docbookitemlabelattr());
+       if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       xs << xml::StartTag(tag, attr);
+       xs << xml::CR();
 }
 
 
-void closeLabelTag(XMLStream & xs, Layout const & lay)
+void closeBlockTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag)
 {
-    xs << xml::EndTag(lay.docbookitemlabeltag());
-    xs << xml::CR();
+       if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
+       xs << xml::CR();
 }
 
 
-void openItemTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-       xs << xml::StartTag(lay.docbookitemtag(), lay.docbookitemattr());
+void openTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & attr, const std::string & tagtype)
+{
+       if (tag.empty() || tag == "NONE") // Common check to be performed elsewhere, if it was not here.
+               return;
+
+       if (tag == "para" || tagtype == "paragraph") // Special case for <para>: always considered as a paragraph.
+               openParTag(xs, tag, attr);
+       else if (tagtype == "block")
+               openBlockTag(xs, tag, attr);
+       else if (tagtype == "inline")
+               openInlineTag(xs, tag, attr);
+       else
+               xs.writeError("Unrecognised tag type '" + tagtype + "' for '" + tag + " " + attr + "'");
 }
 
 
-// Return true when new elements are output in a paragraph, false otherwise.
-bool openInnerItemTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-    if (lay.docbookiteminnertag() != "NONE") {
-        xs << xml::CR();
-        xs << xml::ParTag(lay.docbookiteminnertag(), lay.docbookiteminnerattr());
+void closeTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & tagtype)
+{
+       if (tag.empty() || tag == "NONE")
+               return;
 
-        if (lay.docbookiteminnertag() == "para") {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
+       if (tag == "para" || tagtype == "paragraph") // Special case for <para>: always considered as a paragraph.
+               closeParTag(xs, tag);
+       else if (tagtype == "block")
+               closeBlockTag(xs, tag);
+       else if (tagtype == "inline")
+               closeInlineTag(xs, tag);
+       else
+               xs.writeError("Unrecognised tag type '" + tagtype + "' for '" + tag + "'");
 }
 
 
-void closeInnerItemTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-       if (lay.docbookiteminnertag()!= "NONE") {
-               xs << xml::EndTag(lay.docbookiteminnertag());
+void compTag(XMLStream & xs, const std::string & tag, const std::string & attr, const std::string & tagtype)
+{
+       if (tag.empty() || tag == "NONE")
+               return;
+
+       // Special case for <para>: always considered as a paragraph.
+       if (tag == "para" || tagtype == "paragraph" || tagtype == "block") {
+               if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+                       xs << xml::CR();
+               xs << xml::CompTag(tag, attr);
                xs << xml::CR();
+       } else if (tagtype == "inline") {
+               xs << xml::CompTag(tag, attr);
+       } else {
+               xs.writeError("Unrecognised tag type '" + tagtype + "' for '" + tag + "'");
        }
 }
 
 
-inline void closeItemTag(XMLStream &xs, Layout const &lay) {
-    xs << xml::EndTag(lay.docbookitemtag()) << xml::CR();
-}
+// Higher-level convenience functions.
 
-// end of convenience functions
+void openParTag(XMLStream & xs, const Paragraph * par, const Paragraph * prevpar)
+{
+       Layout const & lay = par->layout();
+
+       if (par == prevpar)
+               prevpar = nullptr;
+
+       // When should the wrapper be opened here? Only if the previous paragraph has the SAME wrapper tag
+       // (usually, they won't have the same layout) and the CURRENT one allows merging.
+       // The main use case is author information in several paragraphs: if the name of the author is the
+       // first paragraph of an author, then merging with the previous tag does not make sense. Say the
+       // next paragraph is the affiliation, then it should be output in the same <author> tag (different
+       // layout, same wrapper tag).
+       bool openWrapper = lay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE";
+       if (prevpar != nullptr) {
+               Layout const & prevlay = prevpar->layout();
+               if (prevlay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE") {
+                       if (prevlay.docbookwrappertag() == lay.docbookwrappertag() &&
+                                       prevlay.docbookwrapperattr() == lay.docbookwrapperattr())
+                               openWrapper = !lay.docbookwrappermergewithprevious();
+                       else
+                               openWrapper = true;
+               }
+       }
 
-ParagraphList::const_iterator findLastParagraph(
-        ParagraphList::const_iterator p,
-        ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pend) {
-    for (++p; p != pend && p->layout().latextype == LATEX_PARAGRAPH; ++p);
+       // Main logic.
+       if (openWrapper)
+               openTag(xs, lay.docbookwrappertag(), lay.docbookwrapperattr(), lay.docbookwrappertagtype());
+
+       const string & tag = lay.docbooktag();
+       if (tag != "NONE") {
+               auto xmltag = xml::ParTag(tag, lay.docbookattr());
+               if (!xs.isTagOpen(xmltag, 1)) { // Don't nest a paragraph directly in a paragraph.
+                       // TODO: required or not?
+                       // TODO: avoid creating a ParTag object just for this query...
+                       openTag(xs, lay.docbooktag(), lay.docbookattr(), lay.docbooktagtype());
+                       openTag(xs, lay.docbookinnertag(), lay.docbookinnerattr(), lay.docbookinnertagtype());
+               }
+       }
 
-    return p;
+       openTag(xs, lay.docbookitemtag(), lay.docbookitemattr(), lay.docbookitemtagtype());
+       openTag(xs, lay.docbookiteminnertag(), lay.docbookiteminnerattr(), lay.docbookiteminnertagtype());
 }
 
 
-ParagraphList::const_iterator findEndOfEnvironment(
-        ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pstart,
-        ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pend) {
-    ParagraphList::const_iterator p = pstart;
-    Layout const &bstyle = p->layout();
-    size_t const depth = p->params().depth();
-    for (++p; p != pend; ++p) {
-        Layout const &style = p->layout();
-        // It shouldn't happen that e.g. a section command occurs inside
-        // a quotation environment, at a higher depth, but as of 6/2009,
-        // it can happen. We pretend that it's just at lowest depth.
-        if (style.latextype == LATEX_COMMAND)
-            return p;
-
-        // If depth is down, we're done
-        if (p->params().depth() < depth)
-            return p;
-
-        // If depth is up, we're not done
-        if (p->params().depth() > depth)
-            continue;
-
-        // FIXME I am not sure about the first check.
-        // Surely we *could* have different layouts that count as
-        // LATEX_PARAGRAPH, right?
-        if (style.latextype == LATEX_PARAGRAPH || style != bstyle)
-            return p;
-    }
-    return pend;
-}
-
+void closeParTag(XMLStream & xs, Paragraph const * par, Paragraph const * nextpar)
+{
+       if (par == nextpar)
+               nextpar = nullptr;
+
+       // See comment in openParTag.
+       Layout const & lay = par->layout();
+       bool closeWrapper = lay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE";
+       if (nextpar != nullptr) {
+               Layout const & nextlay = nextpar->layout();
+               if (nextlay.docbookwrappertag() != "NONE") {
+                       if (nextlay.docbookwrappertag() == lay.docbookwrappertag() &&
+                                       nextlay.docbookwrapperattr() == lay.docbookwrapperattr())
+                               closeWrapper = !nextlay.docbookwrappermergewithprevious();
+                       else
+                               closeWrapper = true;
+               }
+       }
 
-ParagraphList::const_iterator makeParagraphs(Buffer const &buf,
-                                             XMLStream &xs,
-                                             OutputParams const &runparams,
-                                             Text const &text,
-                                             ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pbegin,
-                                             ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pend) {
-    ParagraphList::const_iterator const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
-    ParagraphList::const_iterator par = pbegin;
-    for (; par != pend; ++par) {
-        Layout const &lay = par->layout();
-        if (!lay.counter.empty())
-            buf.masterBuffer()->params().
-                    documentClass().counters().step(lay.counter, OutputUpdate);
-
-        // We want to open the paragraph tag if:
-        //   (i) the current layout permits multiple paragraphs
-        //  (ii) we are either not already inside a paragraph (HTMLIsBlock) OR
-        //       we are, but this is not the first paragraph
-        //
-        // But there is also a special case, and we first see whether we are in it.
-        // We do not want to open the paragraph tag if this paragraph contains
-        // only one item, and that item is "inline", i.e., not HTMLIsBlock (such
-        // as a branch). On the other hand, if that single item has a font change
-        // applied to it, then we still do need to open the paragraph.
-        //
-        // Obviously, this is very fragile. The main reason we need to do this is
-        // because of branches, e.g., a branch that contains an entire new section.
-        // We do not really want to wrap that whole thing in a <div>...</div>.
-        bool special_case = false;
-        Inset const *specinset = par->size() == 1 ? par->getInset(0) : 0;
-        if (specinset && !specinset->getLayout().htmlisblock()) { // TODO: Convert htmlisblock to a DocBook parameter?
-            Layout const &style = par->layout();
-            FontInfo const first_font = style.labeltype == LABEL_MANUAL ?
-                                        style.labelfont : style.font;
-            FontInfo const our_font =
-                    par->getFont(buf.masterBuffer()->params(), 0,
-                                 text.outerFont(distance(begin, par))).fontInfo();
-
-            if (first_font == our_font)
-                special_case = true;
-        }
-
-        // Plain layouts must be ignored.
-        if (!special_case && buf.params().documentClass().isPlainLayout(lay) && !runparams.docbook_force_pars)
-            special_case = true;
-        // TODO: Could get rid of this with a DocBook equivalent to htmlisblock?
-        if (!special_case && par->size() == 1 && par->getInset(0)) {
-            Inset const * firstInset = par->getInset(0);
-
-            // Floats cannot be in paragraphs.
-            special_case = to_ascii(firstInset->layoutName()).substr(0, 6) == "Float:";
-
-            // Bibliographies cannot be in paragraphs.
-            if (!special_case && firstInset->asInsetCommand())
-                special_case = firstInset->asInsetCommand()->params().getCmdName() == "bibtex";
-
-            // Equations do not deserve their own paragraph (DocBook allows them outside paragraphs).
-            if (!special_case && firstInset->asInsetMath())
-                special_case = true;
-
-            // ERTs are in comments, not paragraphs.
-            if (!special_case && firstInset->lyxCode() == lyx::ERT_CODE)
-                special_case = true;
-
-            // Listings should not get into their own paragraph.
-               if (!special_case && firstInset->lyxCode() == lyx::LISTINGS_CODE)
-                       special_case = true;
-        }
-
-        bool const open_par = runparams.docbook_make_pars
-                              && (!runparams.docbook_in_par || par != pbegin)
-                              && !special_case;
-
-        // We want to issue the closing tag if either:
-        //   (i)  We opened it, and either docbook_in_par is false,
-        //        or we're not in the last paragraph, anyway.
-        //   (ii) We didn't open it and docbook_in_par is true,
-        //        but we are in the first par, and there is a next par.
-        ParagraphList::const_iterator nextpar = par;
-        ++nextpar;
-        bool const close_par =
-                ((open_par && (!runparams.docbook_in_par || nextpar != pend))
-                || (!open_par && runparams.docbook_in_par && par == pbegin && nextpar != pend));
-
-        if (open_par) {
-            openParTag(xs, lay);
-        }
-
-        par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, xs, runparams, text.outerFont(distance(begin, par)), open_par, close_par, 0);
-
-        if (close_par) {
-            closeTag(xs, lay);
-            xs << xml::CR();
-        }
-    }
-    return pend;
+       // Main logic.
+       closeTag(xs, lay.docbookiteminnertag(), lay.docbookiteminnertagtype());
+       closeTag(xs, lay.docbookitemtag(), lay.docbookitemtagtype());
+       closeTag(xs, lay.docbookinnertag(), lay.docbookinnertagtype());
+       closeTag(xs, lay.docbooktag(), lay.docbooktagtype());
+       if (closeWrapper)
+               closeTag(xs, lay.docbookwrappertag(), lay.docbookwrappertagtype());
 }
 
 
-bool isNormalEnv(Layout const &lay) {
-    return lay.latextype == LATEX_ENVIRONMENT
-           || lay.latextype == LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT;
-}
+void makeBibliography(
+               Text const & text,
+               Buffer const & buf,
+               XMLStream & xs,
+               OutputParams const & runparams,
+               ParagraphList::const_iterator const & par)
+{
+       // If this is the first paragraph in a bibliography, open the bibliography tag.
+       auto const * pbegin_before = text.paragraphs().getParagraphBefore(par);
+       if (pbegin_before == nullptr || (pbegin_before && pbegin_before->layout().latextype != LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT)) {
+               xs << xml::StartTag("bibliography");
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       }
 
+       // Start the precooked bibliography entry. This is very much like opening a paragraph tag.
+       // Don't forget the citation ID!
+       docstring attr;
+       for (auto i = 0; i < par->size(); ++i) {
+               Inset const *ip = par->getInset(i);
+               if (!ip)
+                       continue;
+               if (const auto * bibitem = dynamic_cast<const InsetBibitem*>(ip)) {
+                       auto id = xml::cleanID(bibitem->getParam("key"));
+                       attr = from_utf8("xml:id='") + id + from_utf8("'");
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       xs << xml::StartTag(from_utf8("bibliomixed"), attr);
 
-ParagraphList::const_iterator makeEnvironment(Buffer const &buf,
-                                              XMLStream &xs,
-                                              OutputParams const &runparams,
-                                              Text const &text,
-                                              ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pbegin,
-                                              ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pend) {
-       ParagraphList::const_iterator const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
-       ParagraphList::const_iterator par = pbegin;
-       Layout const &bstyle = par->layout();
-       depth_type const origdepth = pbegin->params().depth();
+       // Generate the entry. Concatenate the different parts of the paragraph if any.
+       auto const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
+       auto pars = par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, runparams, text.outerFont(std::distance(begin, par)), 0);
+       for (auto & parXML : pars)
+               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << parXML;
 
-       // open tag for this environment
-       openParTag(xs, bstyle);
+       // End the precooked bibliography entry.
+       xs << xml::EndTag("bibliomixed");
        xs << xml::CR();
 
-       // we will on occasion need to remember a layout from before.
-       Layout const *lastlay = nullptr;
+       // If this is the last paragraph in a bibliography, close the bibliography tag.
+       auto const end = text.paragraphs().end();
+       auto nextpar = par;
+       ++nextpar;
+       bool endBibliography = nextpar == end || nextpar->layout().latextype != LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT;
 
-       while (par != pend) {
-               Layout const & style = par->layout();
-               // the counter only gets stepped if we're in some kind of list,
-               // or if it's the first time through.
-               // note that enum, etc, are handled automatically.
-               // FIXME There may be a bug here about user defined enumeration
-               // types. If so, then we'll need to take the counter and add "i",
-               // "ii", etc, as with enum.
-               Counters & cnts = buf.masterBuffer()->params().documentClass().counters();
-               docstring const & cntr = style.counter;
-               if (!style.counter.empty()
-                   && (par == pbegin || !isNormalEnv(style))
-                   && cnts.hasCounter(cntr)
-                       )
-                   cnts.step(cntr, OutputUpdate);
-               ParagraphList::const_iterator send;
-
-               // Actual content of this paragraph.
-               switch (style.latextype) {
-               case LATEX_ENVIRONMENT:
-               case LATEX_LIST_ENVIRONMENT:
-               case LATEX_ITEM_ENVIRONMENT: {
-                       // There are two possibilities in this case.
-                       // One is that we are still in the environment in which we
-                       // started---which we will be if the depth is the same.
-                       if (par->params().depth() == origdepth) {
-                               LATTEST(bstyle == style);
-                               if (lastlay != nullptr) {
-                                       closeItemTag(xs, *lastlay);
-                                       lastlay = nullptr;
-                               }
+       if (endBibliography) {
+               xs << xml::EndTag("bibliography");
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       }
+}
 
-                               // this will be positive, if we want to skip the
-                               // initial word (if it's been taken for the label).
-                               pos_type sep = 0;
 
-                               // Open a wrapper tag if needed.
-                               if (style.docbookitemwrappertag() != "NONE") {
-                                       xs << xml::StartTag(style.docbookitemwrappertag(), style.docbookitemwrapperattr());
-                                       xs << xml::CR();
-                               }
+void makeParagraph(
+               Text const & text,
+               Buffer const & buf,
+               XMLStream & xs,
+               OutputParams const & runparams,
+               ParagraphList::const_iterator const & par)
+{
+       auto const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
+       auto const end = text.paragraphs().end();
+       auto prevpar = text.paragraphs().getParagraphBefore(par);
+
+       // We want to open the paragraph tag if:
+       //   (i) the current layout permits multiple paragraphs
+       //  (ii) we are either not already inside a paragraph (HTMLIsBlock) OR
+       //         we are, but this is not the first paragraph
+       //
+       // But there is also a special case, and we first see whether we are in it.
+       // We do not want to open the paragraph tag if this paragraph contains
+       // only one item, and that item is "inline", i.e., not HTMLIsBlock (such
+       // as a branch). On the other hand, if that single item has a font change
+       // applied to it, then we still do need to open the paragraph.
+       //
+       // Obviously, this is very fragile. The main reason we need to do this is
+       // because of branches, e.g., a branch that contains an entire new section.
+       // We do not really want to wrap that whole thing in a <div>...</div>.
+       bool special_case = false;
+       Inset const *specinset = par->size() == 1 ? par->getInset(0) : nullptr;
+       if (specinset && !specinset->getLayout().htmlisblock()) { // TODO: Convert htmlisblock to a DocBook parameter?
+               Layout const &style = par->layout();
+               FontInfo const first_font = style.labeltype == LABEL_MANUAL ?
+                                                                       style.labelfont : style.font;
+               FontInfo const our_font =
+                               par->getFont(buf.masterBuffer()->params(), 0,
+                                                        text.outerFont(std::distance(begin, par))).fontInfo();
+
+               if (first_font == our_font)
+                       special_case = true;
+       }
 
-                               // label output
-                               if (style.labeltype != LABEL_NO_LABEL &&
-                                               style.docbookitemlabeltag() != "NONE") {
-
-                                       if (isNormalEnv(style)) {
-                                               // in this case, we print the label only for the first
-                                               // paragraph (as in a theorem or an abstract).
-                                               if (par == pbegin) {
-                                                       docstring const lbl = pbegin->params().labelString();
-                                                       if (!lbl.empty()) {
-                                                               openLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                               xs << lbl;
-                                                               closeLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                       }
-                                                       xs << xml::CR();
-                                               }
-                                       } else { // some kind of list
-                                               if (style.labeltype == LABEL_MANUAL) {
-                                                       // Only variablelist gets here.
-
-                                                       openLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                       sep = par->firstWordDocBook(xs, runparams);
-                                                       closeLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                       xs << xml::CR();
-                                               } else {
-                                                       openLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                       xs << par->params().labelString();
-                                                       closeLabelTag(xs, style);
-                                                       xs << xml::CR();
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               } // end label output
-
-                               bool wasInParagraph = runparams.docbook_in_par;
-                               openItemTag(xs, style);
-                               bool getsIntoParagraph = openInnerItemTag(xs, style);
-                               OutputParams rp = runparams;
-                               rp.docbook_in_par = wasInParagraph | getsIntoParagraph;
-
-                               par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, xs, rp, text.outerFont(distance(begin, par)), true, true, sep);
-                               ++par;
-                               if (getsIntoParagraph)
-                                       closeInnerItemTag(xs, style);
-
-                               // We may not want to close the tag yet, in particular:
-                               // If we're not at the end of the item...
-                               if (par != pend
-                                       //  and are doing items...
-                                       && !isNormalEnv(style)
-                                       // and if the depth has changed...
-                                       && par->params().depth() != origdepth) {
-                                       // then we'll save this layout for later, and close it when
-                                       // we get another item.
-                                       lastlay = &style;
-                               } else {
-                                       closeItemTag(xs, style);
-
-                                       // Eventually, close the item wrapper.
-                                       if (style.docbookitemwrappertag() != "NONE") {
-                                               xs << xml::EndTag(style.docbookitemwrappertag());
-                                               xs << xml::CR();
-                                       }
-                               }
+       size_t nInsets = std::distance(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end());
+
+       // Plain layouts must be ignored.
+       special_case |= buf.params().documentClass().isPlainLayout(par->layout()) && !runparams.docbook_force_pars;
+       // Equations do not deserve their own paragraph (DocBook allows them outside paragraphs).
+       // Exception: any case that generates an <inlineequation> must still get a paragraph to be valid.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset && inset.inset->asInsetMath() && inset.inset->asInsetMath()->getType() != hullSimple;
+       });
+       // Floats cannot be in paragraphs.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == FLOAT_CODE;
+       });
+       // Bibliographies cannot be in paragraphs. Bibitems should still be handled as paragraphs, though
+       // (see makeParagraphBibliography).
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == BIBTEX_CODE;
+       });
+       // ERTs are in comments, not paragraphs.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == ERT_CODE;
+       });
+       // Listings should not get into their own paragraph.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == LISTINGS_CODE;
+       });
+       // Boxes cannot get into their own paragraph.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == BOX_CODE;
+       });
+       // Includes should not have a paragraph.
+       special_case |= nInsets == (size_t) par->size() && std::all_of(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end(), [](InsetList::Element inset) {
+               return inset.inset->lyxCode() == INCLUDE_CODE;
+       });
+
+       bool const open_par = runparams.docbook_make_pars
+                                                 && !runparams.docbook_in_par
+                                                 && !special_case;
+
+       // We want to issue the closing tag if either:
+       //   (i)  We opened it, and either docbook_in_par is false,
+       //              or we're not in the last paragraph, anyway.
+       //   (ii) We didn't open it and docbook_in_par is true,
+       //              but we are in the first par, and there is a next par.
+       bool const close_par = open_par && (!runparams.docbook_in_par);
+
+       // Determine if this paragraph has some real content. Things like new pages are not caught
+       // by Paragraph::empty(), even though they do not generate anything useful in DocBook.
+       // Thus, remove all spaces (including new lines: \r, \n) before checking for emptiness.
+       // std::all_of allows doing this check without having to copy the string.
+       // Open and close tags around each contained paragraph.
+       auto nextpar = par;
+       ++nextpar;
+       auto pars = par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, runparams, text.outerFont(distance(begin, par)), 0, nextpar == end, special_case);
+       for (docstring const & parXML : pars) {
+               if (xml::isNotOnlySpace(parXML)) {
+                       if (open_par)
+                               openParTag(xs, &*par, prevpar);
+
+                       xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << parXML;
+
+                       if (close_par)
+                               closeParTag(xs, &*par, (nextpar != end) ? &*nextpar : nullptr);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+void makeEnvironment(Text const &text,
+                                        Buffer const &buf,
+                     XMLStream &xs,
+                     OutputParams const &runparams,
+                     ParagraphList::const_iterator const & par)
+{
+       auto const end = text.paragraphs().end();
+       auto nextpar = par;
+       ++nextpar;
+
+       // Special cases for listing-like environments provided in layouts. This is quite ad-hoc, but provides a useful
+       // default. This should not be used by too many environments (only LyX-Code right now).
+       // This would be much simpler if LyX-Code was implemented as InsetListings...
+       bool mimicListing = false;
+       bool ignoreFonts = false;
+       if (par->layout().docbooktag() == "programlisting") {
+               mimicListing = true;
+               ignoreFonts = true;
+       }
+
+       // Output the opening tag for this environment, but only if it has not been previously opened (condition
+       // implemented in openParTag).
+       auto prevpar = text.paragraphs().getParagraphBefore(par);
+       openParTag(xs, &*par, prevpar); // TODO: switch in layout for par/block?
+
+       // Generate the contents of this environment. There is a special case if this is like some environment.
+       Layout const & style = par->layout();
+       if (style.latextype == LATEX_COMMAND) {
+               // Nothing to do (otherwise, infinite loops).
+       } else if (style.latextype == LATEX_ENVIRONMENT) {
+               // Generate the paragraph, if need be.
+               auto pars = par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, runparams, text.outerFont(std::distance(text.paragraphs().begin(), par)), 0, false, ignoreFonts);
+
+               if (mimicListing) {
+                       auto p = pars.begin();
+                       while (p != pars.end()) {
+                               openTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnerattr(), par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
+                               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << *p;
+                               closeTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
+                               ++p;
+
+                               // Insert a new line after each "paragraph" (i.e. line in the listing), except for the last one.
+                               // Otherwise, there would one more new line in the output than in the LyX document.
+                               if (p != pars.end())
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
                        }
-                       // The other possibility is that the depth has increased, in which
-                       // case we need to recurse.
-                       else {
-                               send = findEndOfEnvironment(par, pend);
-                               par = makeEnvironment(buf, xs, runparams, text, par, send);
+               } else {
+                       for (auto const & p : pars) {
+                               openTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnerattr(), par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
+                               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << p;
+                               closeTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
                        }
-                       break;
-               }
-               case LATEX_PARAGRAPH:
-                       send = findLastParagraph(par, pend);
-                       par = makeParagraphs(buf, xs, runparams, text, par, send);
-                       break;
-               case LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT:
-                       // Handled in InsetBibtex.
-                       break;
-               case LATEX_COMMAND:
-                       ++par;
-                       break;
                }
+       } else {
+               makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
        }
 
-       if (lastlay != 0)
-               closeItemTag(xs, *lastlay);
-       closeTag(xs, bstyle);
-       xs << xml::CR();
-       return pend;
+       // Close the environment.
+       closeParTag(xs, &*par, (nextpar != end) ? &*nextpar : nullptr); // TODO: switch in layout for par/block?
 }
 
 
-void makeCommand(Buffer const &buf,
-                 XMLStream &xs,
-                 OutputParams const &runparams,
-                 Text const &text,
-                 ParagraphList::const_iterator const &pbegin) {
-    Layout const &style = pbegin->layout();
-    if (!style.counter.empty())
-        buf.masterBuffer()->params().
-                documentClass().counters().step(style.counter, OutputUpdate);
-
-    // No need for labels, as they are handled by DocBook tags.
-
-    openParTag(xs, style);
+ParagraphList::const_iterator findEndOfEnvironment(
+               ParagraphList::const_iterator const & pstart,
+               ParagraphList::const_iterator const & pend)
+{
+       // Copy-paste from XHTML. Should be factored out at some point...
+       ParagraphList::const_iterator p = pstart;
+       Layout const & bstyle = p->layout();
+       size_t const depth = p->params().depth();
+       for (++p; p != pend; ++p) {
+               Layout const & style = p->layout();
+               // It shouldn't happen that e.g. a section command occurs inside
+               // a quotation environment, at a higher depth, but as of 6/2009,
+               // it can happen. We pretend that it's just at lowest depth.
+               if (style.latextype == LATEX_COMMAND)
+                       return p;
+
+               // If depth is down, we're done
+               if (p->params().depth() < depth)
+                       return p;
+
+               // If depth is up, we're not done
+               if (p->params().depth() > depth)
+                       continue;
 
-    ParagraphList::const_iterator const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
-    pbegin->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, xs, runparams,
-                                text.outerFont(distance(begin, pbegin)));
-    closeTag(xs, style);
-    xs << xml::CR();
+               // FIXME I am not sure about the first check.
+               // Surely we *could* have different layouts that count as
+               // LATEX_PARAGRAPH, right?
+               if (style.latextype == LATEX_PARAGRAPH || style != bstyle)
+                       return p;
+       }
+       return pend;
 }
 
-pair<ParagraphList::const_iterator, ParagraphList::const_iterator> makeAny(Text const &text,
-                                                                                  Buffer const &buf,
-                                                                                  XMLStream &xs,
-                                                                                  OutputParams const &ourparams,
-                                                                                  ParagraphList::const_iterator par,
-                                                                                  ParagraphList::const_iterator send,
-                                                                                  ParagraphList::const_iterator pend) {
-       Layout const &style = par->layout();
-
-       switch (style.latextype) {
-               case LATEX_COMMAND: {
-                       // The files with which we are working never have more than
-                       // one paragraph in a command structure.
-                       // FIXME
-                       // if (ourparams.docbook_in_par)
-                       //   fix it so we don't get sections inside standard, e.g.
-                       // note that we may then need to make runparams not const, so we
-                       // can communicate that back.
-                       // FIXME Maybe this fix should be in the routines themselves, in case
-                       // they are called from elsewhere.
-                       makeCommand(buf, xs, ourparams, text, par);
-                       ++par;
-                       break;
-               }
-               case LATEX_ENVIRONMENT:
-               case LATEX_LIST_ENVIRONMENT:
-               case LATEX_ITEM_ENVIRONMENT: {
-                       // FIXME Same fix here.
-                       send = findEndOfEnvironment(par, pend);
-                       par = makeEnvironment(buf, xs, ourparams, text, par, send);
-                       break;
-               }
-               case LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT: {
-                       // Handled in InsetBibtex.
+
+ParagraphList::const_iterator makeListEnvironment(Text const &text,
+                                                                                                 Buffer const &buf,
+                                                         XMLStream &xs,
+                                                         OutputParams const &runparams,
+                                                         ParagraphList::const_iterator const & begin)
+{
+       auto par = begin;
+       auto const end = text.paragraphs().end();
+       auto const envend = findEndOfEnvironment(par, end);
+
+       // Output the opening tag for this environment.
+       Layout const & envstyle = par->layout();
+       openTag(xs, envstyle.docbookwrappertag(), envstyle.docbookwrapperattr(), envstyle.docbookwrappertagtype());
+       openTag(xs, envstyle.docbooktag(), envstyle.docbookattr(), envstyle.docbooktagtype());
+
+       // Handle the content of the list environment, item by item.
+       while (par != envend) {
+               // Skip this paragraph if it is both empty and the last one (otherwise, there may be deeper paragraphs after).
+               auto nextpar = par;
+               ++nextpar;
+               if (par->empty() && nextpar == envend)
                        break;
+
+               // Open the item wrapper.
+               Layout const & style = par->layout();
+               openTag(xs, style.docbookitemwrappertag(), style.docbookitemwrapperattr(), style.docbookitemwrappertagtype());
+
+               // Generate the label, if need be. If it is taken from the text, sep != 0 and corresponds to the first
+               // character after the label.
+               pos_type sep = 0;
+               if (style.labeltype != LABEL_NO_LABEL && style.docbookitemlabeltag() != "NONE") {
+                       if (style.labeltype == LABEL_MANUAL) {
+                               // Only variablelist gets here (or similar items defined as an extension in the layout).
+                               openTag(xs, style.docbookitemlabeltag(), style.docbookitemlabelattr(), style.docbookitemlabeltagtype());
+                               sep = 1 + par->firstWordDocBook(xs, runparams);
+                               closeTag(xs, style.docbookitemlabeltag(), style.docbookitemlabeltagtype());
+                       } else {
+                               // Usual cases: maybe there is something specified at the layout level. Highly unlikely, though.
+                               docstring const lbl = par->params().labelString();
+
+                               if (!lbl.empty()) {
+                                       openTag(xs, style.docbookitemlabeltag(), style.docbookitemlabelattr(), style.docbookitemlabeltagtype());
+                                       xs << lbl;
+                                       closeTag(xs, style.docbookitemlabeltag(), style.docbookitemlabeltagtype());
+                               }
+                       }
                }
-               case LATEX_PARAGRAPH: {
-                       send = findLastParagraph(par, pend);
-                       par = makeParagraphs(buf, xs, ourparams, text, par, send);
-                       break;
+
+               // Open the item (after the wrapper and the label).
+               openTag(xs, style.docbookitemtag(), style.docbookitemattr(), style.docbookitemtagtype());
+
+               // Generate the content of the item.
+               if (sep < par->size()) {
+                       auto pars = par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, runparams,
+                                                            text.outerFont(std::distance(text.paragraphs().begin(), par)), sep);
+                       for (auto &p : pars) {
+                               openTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnerattr(),
+                                       par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
+                               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << p;
+                               closeTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       // DocBook doesn't like emptiness.
+                       compTag(xs, par->layout().docbookiteminnertag(), par->layout().docbookiteminnerattr(),
+                               par->layout().docbookiteminnertagtype());
                }
+
+               // If the next item is deeper, it must go entirely within this item (do it recursively).
+               // By construction, with findEndOfEnvironment, depth can only stay constant or increase, never decrease.
+               depth_type currentDepth = par->getDepth();
+               ++par;
+               while (par != envend && par->getDepth() != currentDepth)
+                       par = makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               // Usually, this loop only makes one iteration, except in complex scenarios, like an item with a paragraph,
+               // a list, and another paragraph; or an item with two types of list (itemise then enumerate, for instance).
+
+               // Close the item.
+               closeTag(xs, style.docbookitemtag(), style.docbookitemtagtype());
+               closeTag(xs, style.docbookitemwrappertag(), style.docbookitemwrappertagtype());
        }
 
-       return make_pair(par, send);
+       // Close this environment in exactly the same way as it was opened.
+       closeTag(xs, envstyle.docbooktag(), envstyle.docbooktagtype());
+       closeTag(xs, envstyle.docbookwrappertag(), envstyle.docbookwrappertagtype());
+
+       return envend;
 }
 
-} // end anonymous namespace
+
+void makeCommand(
+               Text const & text,
+               Buffer const & buf,
+               XMLStream & xs,
+               OutputParams const & runparams,
+               ParagraphList::const_iterator const & par)
+{
+       // Unlike XHTML, no need for labels, as they are handled by DocBook tags.
+       auto const begin = text.paragraphs().begin();
+       auto const end = text.paragraphs().end();
+       auto nextpar = par;
+       ++nextpar;
+
+       // Generate this command.
+       auto prevpar = text.paragraphs().getParagraphBefore(par);
+       openParTag(xs, &*par, prevpar);
+
+       auto pars = par->simpleDocBookOnePar(buf, runparams,text.outerFont(distance(begin, par)));
+       for (auto & parXML : pars)
+               // TODO: decide what to do with openParTag/closeParTag in new lines.
+               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << parXML;
+
+       closeParTag(xs, &*par, (nextpar != end) ? &*nextpar : nullptr);
+}
+
+
+bool isLayoutSectioning(Layout const & lay)
+{
+       if (lay.docbooksection()) // Special case: some DocBook styles must be handled as sections.
+               return true;
+       else if (lay.category() == from_utf8("Sectioning")) // Generic case.
+               return lay.toclevel != Layout::NOT_IN_TOC;
+       return false;
+}
 
 
 using DocBookDocumentSectioning = tuple<bool, pit_type>;
-using DocBookInfoTag = tuple<set<pit_type>, set<pit_type>, pit_type, pit_type>;
+
+
+struct DocBookInfoTag
+{
+       const set<pit_type> shouldBeInInfo;
+       const set<pit_type> mustBeInInfo; // With the notable exception of the abstract!
+       const set<pit_type> abstract;
+       const bool abstractLayout;
+       pit_type bpit;
+       pit_type epit;
+
+       DocBookInfoTag(const set<pit_type> & shouldBeInInfo, const set<pit_type> & mustBeInInfo,
+                                  const set<pit_type> & abstract, bool abstractLayout, pit_type bpit, pit_type epit) :
+                                  shouldBeInInfo(shouldBeInInfo), mustBeInInfo(mustBeInInfo), abstract(abstract),
+                                  abstractLayout(abstractLayout), bpit(bpit), epit(epit) {}
+};
 
 
 DocBookDocumentSectioning hasDocumentSectioning(ParagraphList const &paragraphs, pit_type bpit, pit_type const epit) {
@@ -632,11 +758,10 @@ DocBookDocumentSectioning hasDocumentSectioning(ParagraphList const &paragraphs,
 
        while (bpit < epit) {
                Layout const &style = paragraphs[bpit].layout();
-               documentHasSections |= style.category() == from_utf8("Sectioning");
+               documentHasSections |= isLayoutSectioning(style);
 
-               if (documentHasSections) {
+               if (documentHasSections)
                        break;
-               }
                bpit += 1;
        }
        // Paragraphs before the first section: [ runparams.par_begin ; eppit )
@@ -645,100 +770,186 @@ DocBookDocumentSectioning hasDocumentSectioning(ParagraphList const &paragraphs,
 }
 
 
-DocBookInfoTag getParagraphsWithInfo(ParagraphList const &paragraphs, pit_type const bpit, pit_type const epit) {
+bool hasOnlyNotes(Paragraph const & par)
+{
+       // Precondition: the paragraph is not empty. Otherwise, the function will always return true...
+       for (int i = 0; i < par.size(); ++i)
+               // If you find something that is not an inset (like actual text) or an inset that is not a note,
+               // return false.
+               if (!par.isInset(i) || par.getInset(i)->lyxCode() != NOTE_CODE)
+                       return false;
+
+       // An empty paragraph may still require some output.
+       if (par.layout().docbooksection())
+               return false;
+
+       // There should be really no content here.
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+DocBookInfoTag getParagraphsWithInfo(ParagraphList const &paragraphs,
+                                                                        pit_type bpit, pit_type const epit,
+                                                                        // Typically, bpit is the beginning of the document and epit the end of the
+                                                                        // document *or* the first section.
+                                                                        bool documentHasSections,
+                                                                        bool detectUnlayoutedAbstract
+                                                                        // Whether paragraphs with no specific layout should be detected as abstracts.
+                                                                        // For inner sections, an abstract should only be detected if it has a specific
+                                                                        // layout. For others, anything that might look like an abstract should be sought.
+                                                                        ) {
        set<pit_type> shouldBeInInfo;
        set<pit_type> mustBeInInfo;
+       set<pit_type> abstractWithLayout;
+       set<pit_type> abstractNoLayout;
+
+       // Find the first non empty paragraph by mutating bpit.
+       while (bpit < epit) {
+               Paragraph const &par = paragraphs[bpit];
+               if (par.empty() || hasOnlyNotes(par))
+                       bpit += 1;
+               else
+                       break;
+       }
 
+       // Traverse everything that might belong to <info>.
+       bool hasAbstractLayout = false;
        pit_type cpit = bpit;
-       while (cpit < epit) {
-               Layout const &style = paragraphs[cpit].layout();
-               if (style.docbookininfo() == "always") {
+       for (; cpit < epit; ++cpit) {
+               // Skip paragraphs that don't generate anything in DocBook.
+               Paragraph const & par = paragraphs[cpit];
+               Layout const &style = par.layout();
+               if (hasOnlyNotes(par))
+                       continue;
+
+               // There should never be any section here, except for the first paragraph (a title can be part of <info>).
+               // (Just a sanity check: if this fails, this function could end up processing the whole document.)
+               if (cpit != bpit && isLayoutSectioning(par.layout())) {
+                       LYXERR0("Assertion failed: section found in potential <info> paragraphs.");
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               // If this is marked as an abstract by the layout, put it in the right set.
+               if (style.docbookabstract()) {
+                       hasAbstractLayout = true;
+                       abstractWithLayout.emplace(cpit);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               // Based on layout information, store this paragraph in one set: should be in <info>, must be,
+               // or abstract (either because of layout or of position).
+               if (style.docbookininfo() == "always")
                        mustBeInInfo.emplace(cpit);
-               } else if (style.docbookininfo() == "maybe") {
+               else if (style.docbookininfo() == "maybe")
                        shouldBeInInfo.emplace(cpit);
-               } else {
-                       // Hypothesis: the <info> parts should be grouped together near the beginning bpit.
+               else if (documentHasSections && !hasAbstractLayout && detectUnlayoutedAbstract)
+                       abstractNoLayout.emplace(cpit);
+               else // This should definitely not be in <info>.
                        break;
-               }
-               cpit += 1;
        }
-       // Now, bpit points to the last paragraph that has things that could go in <info>.
+       // Now, cpit points to the first paragraph that no more has things that could go in <info>.
+       // bpit is the beginning of the <info> part.
 
-       return make_tuple(shouldBeInInfo, mustBeInInfo, bpit, cpit);
+       return DocBookInfoTag(shouldBeInInfo, mustBeInInfo,
+                                             hasAbstractLayout ? abstractWithLayout : abstractNoLayout,
+                                             hasAbstractLayout, bpit, cpit);
 }
 
+} // end anonymous namespace
 
-bool hasAbstractBetween(ParagraphList const &paragraphs, pit_type const bpitAbstract, pit_type const epitAbstract)
-{
-       // Hypothesis: the paragraphs between bpitAbstract and epitAbstract can be considered an abstract because they
-       // are just after a document or part title.
-       if (epitAbstract - bpitAbstract <= 0)
-               return false;
-
-       // If there is something between these paragraphs, check if it's compatible with an abstract (i.e. some text).
-       pit_type bpit = bpitAbstract;
-       while (bpit < epitAbstract) {
-               const Paragraph &p = paragraphs.at(bpit);
-
-               if (p.layout().name() == from_ascii("Abstract"))
-                       return true;
 
-               if (!p.insetList().empty()) {
-                       for (const auto &i : p.insetList()) {
-                               if (i.inset->getText(0) != nullptr) {
-                                       return true;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               bpit++;
+ParagraphList::const_iterator makeAny(Text const &text,
+                                      Buffer const &buf,
+                                      XMLStream &xs,
+                                      OutputParams const &runparams,
+                                      ParagraphList::const_iterator par)
+{
+       switch (par->layout().latextype) {
+       case LATEX_COMMAND:
+               makeCommand(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               break;
+       case LATEX_ENVIRONMENT:
+               makeEnvironment(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               break;
+       case LATEX_LIST_ENVIRONMENT:
+       case LATEX_ITEM_ENVIRONMENT:
+               // Only case when makeAny() might consume more than one paragraph.
+               return makeListEnvironment(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+       case LATEX_PARAGRAPH:
+               makeParagraph(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               break;
+       case LATEX_BIB_ENVIRONMENT:
+               makeBibliography(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               break;
        }
-       return false;
+       ++par;
+       return par;
 }
 
 
-pit_type generateDocBookParagraphWithoutSectioning(Text const &text,
-                                                   Buffer const &buf,
-                                                   XMLStream &xs,
-                                                   OutputParams const &runparams,
-                                                   ParagraphList const &paragraphs,
-                                                   pit_type bpit,
-                                                   pit_type epit) {
-       auto par = paragraphs.iterator_at(bpit);
-       auto lastStartedPar = par;
-       ParagraphList::const_iterator send;
-       auto const pend =
-                       (epit == (int) paragraphs.size()) ?
-                       paragraphs.end() : paragraphs.iterator_at(epit);
+xml::FontTag docbookStartFontTag(xml::FontTypes type)
+{
+       return xml::FontTag(from_utf8(fontToDocBookTag(type)), from_utf8(fontToAttribute(type)), type);
+}
 
-       while (bpit < epit) {
-               tie(par, send) = makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, par, send, pend);
-               bpit += distance(lastStartedPar, par);
-       }
 
-       return bpit;
+xml::EndFontTag docbookEndFontTag(xml::FontTypes type)
+{
+       return xml::EndFontTag(from_utf8(fontToDocBookTag(type)), type);
 }
 
 
-void outputDocBookInfo(Text const &text,
-                       Buffer const &buf,
-                       XMLStream &xs,
-                       OutputParams const &runparams,
-                       ParagraphList const &paragraphs,
-                       DocBookInfoTag const &info,
-                       pit_type bpitAbstract,
-                       pit_type const epitAbstract) {
-       // Consider everything between bpitAbstract and epitAbstract (excluded) as paragraphs for the abstract.
-       // Use bpitAbstract >= epitAbstract to indicate there is no abstract.
+void outputDocBookInfo(
+               Text const & text,
+               Buffer const & buf,
+               XMLStream & xs,
+               OutputParams const & runparams,
+               ParagraphList const & paragraphs,
+               DocBookInfoTag const & info)
+{
+       // Perform an additional check on the abstract. Sometimes, there are many paragraphs that should go
+       // into the abstract, but none generates actual content. Thus, first generate to a temporary stream,
+       // then only create the <abstract> tag if these paragraphs generate some content.
+       // This check must be performed *before* a decision on whether or not to output <info> is made.
+       bool hasAbstract = !info.abstract.empty();
+       docstring abstract;
+       if (hasAbstract) {
+               // Generate the abstract XML into a string before further checks.
+               // Usually, makeAny only generates one paragraph at a time. However, for the specific case of lists, it might
+               // generate more than one paragraph, as indicated in the return value.
+               odocstringstream os2;
+               XMLStream xs2(os2);
+
+               set<pit_type> doneParas;
+               for (auto const & p : info.abstract) {
+                       if (doneParas.find(p) == doneParas.end()) {
+                               auto oldPar = paragraphs.iterator_at(p);
+                               auto newPar = makeAny(text, buf, xs2, runparams, oldPar);
+
+                               // Insert the indices of all the paragraphs that were just generated (typically, one).
+                               // **Make the hypothesis that, when an abstract has a list, all its items are consecutive.**
+                               pit_type id = p;
+                               while (oldPar != newPar) {
+                                       doneParas.emplace(id);
+                                       ++oldPar;
+                                       ++id;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
 
-       set<pit_type> shouldBeInInfo;
-       set<pit_type> mustBeInInfo;
-       pit_type bpitInfo;
-       pit_type epitInfo;
-       tie(shouldBeInInfo, mustBeInInfo, bpitInfo, epitInfo) = info;
+               // Actually output the abstract if there is something to do. Don't count line feeds or spaces in this,
+               // even though they must be properly output if there is some abstract.
+               abstract = os2.str();
+               docstring cleaned = abstract;
+               cleaned.erase(std::remove_if(cleaned.begin(), cleaned.end(), lyx::isSpace), cleaned.end());
+
+               // Nothing? Then there is no abstract!
+               if (cleaned.empty())
+                       hasAbstract = false;
+       }
 
-       // The abstract must go in <info>.
-       bool hasAbstract = hasAbstractBetween(paragraphs, bpitAbstract, epitAbstract);
-       bool needInfo = !mustBeInInfo.empty() || hasAbstract;
+       // The abstract must go in <info>. Otherwise, decide whether to open <info> based on the layouts.
+       bool needInfo = !info.mustBeInInfo.empty() || hasAbstract;
 
        // Start the <info> tag if required.
        if (needInfo) {
@@ -747,25 +958,49 @@ void outputDocBookInfo(Text const &text,
                xs << xml::CR();
        }
 
-       // Output the elements that should go in <info>.
-       generateDocBookParagraphWithoutSectioning(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, bpitInfo, epitInfo);
+       // Output the elements that should go in <info>, before and after the abstract.
+       for (auto pit : info.shouldBeInInfo) // Typically, the title: these elements are so important and ubiquitous
+               // that mandating a wrapper like <info> would repel users. Thus, generate them first.
+               makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(pit));
+       for (auto pit : info.mustBeInInfo)
+               makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(pit));
+
+       // If there is no title, generate one (required for the document to be valid).
+       // This code is called for the main document, for table cells, etc., so be precise in this condition.
+       if (text.isMainText() && info.shouldBeInInfo.empty() && !runparams.inInclude) {
+               xs << xml::StartTag("title");
+               xs << "Untitled Document";
+               xs << xml::EndTag("title");
+               xs << xml::CR();
+       }
 
+       // Always output the abstract as the last item of the <info>, as it requires special treatment (especially if
+       // it contains several paragraphs that are empty).
        if (hasAbstract) {
-               string tag = paragraphs[bpitAbstract].layout().docbookforceabstracttag();
-               if (tag == "NONE")
-                       tag = "abstract";
+               if (info.abstractLayout) {
+                       xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << abstract;
+                       xs << xml::CR();
+               } else {
+                       string tag = paragraphs[*info.abstract.begin()].layout().docbookforceabstracttag();
+                       if (tag == "NONE")
+                               tag = "abstract";
 
-               xs << xml::StartTag(tag);
-               xs << xml::CR();
-               xs.startDivision(false);
-               generateDocBookParagraphWithoutSectioning(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, bpitAbstract, epitAbstract);
-               xs.endDivision();
-               xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
-               xs << xml::CR();
+                       if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+                               xs << xml::CR();
+
+                       xs << xml::StartTag(tag);
+                       xs << xml::CR();
+                       xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << abstract;
+                       xs << xml::EndTag(tag);
+                       xs << xml::CR();
+               }
        }
 
        // End the <info> tag if it was started.
        if (needInfo) {
+               if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+                       xs << xml::CR();
+
                xs << xml::EndTag("info");
                xs << xml::CR();
                xs.endDivision();
@@ -773,182 +1008,146 @@ void outputDocBookInfo(Text const &text,
 }
 
 
-void docbookFirstParagraphs(Text const &text,
-                               Buffer const &buf,
-                               XMLStream &xs,
-                               OutputParams const &runparams,
-                               pit_type epit) {
-       // Handle the beginning of the document, supposing it has sections.
-       // Major role: output the first <info> tag.
-
-       ParagraphList const &paragraphs = text.paragraphs();
-       pit_type bpit = runparams.par_begin;
-       DocBookInfoTag info = getParagraphsWithInfo(paragraphs, bpit, epit);
-       outputDocBookInfo(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, info, get<3>(info), epit);
-}
-
-
-bool isParagraphEmpty(const Paragraph &par)
+void docbookSimpleAllParagraphs(
+               Text const & text,
+               Buffer const & buf,
+               XMLStream & xs,
+               OutputParams const & runparams)
 {
-       InsetList const &insets = par.insetList();
-       size_t insetsLength = distance(insets.begin(), insets.end());
-       bool hasParagraphOnlyNote = insetsLength == 1 && insets.get(0) && insets.get(0)->asInsetCollapsible() &&
-                                   dynamic_cast<InsetNote *>(insets.get(0));
-       return hasParagraphOnlyNote;
-}
-
-
-void docbookSimpleAllParagraphs(Text const &text,
-                                   Buffer const &buf,
-                                   XMLStream &xs,
-                                   OutputParams const &runparams) {
-       // Handle the document, supposing it has no sections (i.e. a "simple" document).
-
-       // First, the <info> tag.
-       ParagraphList const &paragraphs = text.paragraphs();
-       pit_type bpit = runparams.par_begin;
+       // Handle the given text, supposing it has no sections (i.e. a "simple" text). The input may vary in length
+       // between a single paragraph to a whole document.
+       pit_type const bpit = runparams.par_begin;
        pit_type const epit = runparams.par_end;
-       DocBookInfoTag info = getParagraphsWithInfo(paragraphs, bpit, epit);
-       outputDocBookInfo(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, info, 0, 0);
-       bpit = get<3>(info); // Generate the content starting from the end of the <info> part.
-
-       // Then, the content.
-       ParagraphList::const_iterator const pend =
-                       (epit == (int) paragraphs.size()) ?
-                       paragraphs.end() : paragraphs.iterator_at(epit);
-
-       while (bpit < epit) {
-               auto par = paragraphs.iterator_at(bpit);
-               ParagraphList::const_iterator const lastStartedPar = par;
-               ParagraphList::const_iterator send;
+       ParagraphList const &paragraphs = text.paragraphs();
 
-               if (isParagraphEmpty(*par)) {
+       // First, the <info> tag.
+       DocBookInfoTag info = getParagraphsWithInfo(paragraphs, bpit, epit, false, true);
+       outputDocBookInfo(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, info);
+
+       // Then, the content. It starts where the <info> ends.
+       auto par = paragraphs.iterator_at(info.epit);
+       auto end = paragraphs.iterator_at(epit);
+       while (par != end) {
+               if (!hasOnlyNotes(*par))
+                       par = makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, par);
+               else
                        ++par;
-                       bpit += distance(lastStartedPar, par);
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               // Generate this paragraph.
-               tie(par, send) = makeAny(text, buf, xs, runparams, par, send, pend);
-               bpit += distance(lastStartedPar, par);
        }
 }
 
 
 void docbookParagraphs(Text const &text,
-                       Buffer const &buf,
-                       XMLStream &xs,
-                       OutputParams const &runparams) {
+                                          Buffer const &buf,
+                                          XMLStream &xs,
+                                          OutputParams const &runparams) {
        ParagraphList const &paragraphs = text.paragraphs();
        if (runparams.par_begin == runparams.par_end) {
-           runparams.par_begin = 0;
-           runparams.par_end = paragraphs.size();
+               runparams.par_begin = 0;
+               runparams.par_end = paragraphs.size();
        }
        pit_type bpit = runparams.par_begin;
        pit_type const epit = runparams.par_end;
        LASSERT(bpit < epit,
-               {
-                   xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << "<!-- DocBook output error! -->\n";
-                   return;
-               });
-
-       ParagraphList::const_iterator const pend =
-               (epit == (int) paragraphs.size()) ?
-               paragraphs.end() : paragraphs.iterator_at(epit);
+                       {
+                               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << "<!-- DocBook output error! -->\n";
+                               return;
+                       });
+
        std::stack<std::pair<int, string>> headerLevels; // Used to determine when to open/close sections: store the depth
        // of the section and the tag that was used to open it.
 
-       // Detect whether the document contains sections. If there are no sections, there can be no automatically
-       // discovered abstract.
+       // Detect whether the document contains sections. If there are no sections, treatment is largely simplified.
+       // In particular, there can't be an abstract, unless it is manually marked.
        bool documentHasSections;
        pit_type eppit;
        tie(documentHasSections, eppit) = hasDocumentSectioning(paragraphs, bpit, epit);
 
-       if (documentHasSections) {
-               docbookFirstParagraphs(text, buf, xs, runparams, eppit);
-               bpit = eppit;
-       } else {
+       // Deal with "simple" documents, i.e. those without sections.
+       if (!documentHasSections) {
                docbookSimpleAllParagraphs(text, buf, xs, runparams);
                return;
        }
 
+       // Output the first <info> tag (or just the title).
+       DocBookInfoTag info = getParagraphsWithInfo(paragraphs, bpit, eppit, true, true);
+       outputDocBookInfo(text, buf, xs, runparams, paragraphs, info);
+       bpit = info.epit;
+
+       // Then, iterate through the paragraphs of this document.
        bool currentlyInAppendix = false;
 
-       while (bpit < epit) {
+       auto par = text.paragraphs().iterator_at(bpit);
+       auto end = text.paragraphs().iterator_at(epit);
+       while (par != end) {
                OutputParams ourparams = runparams;
 
-               auto par = paragraphs.iterator_at(bpit);
                if (par->params().startOfAppendix())
                        currentlyInAppendix = true;
-               Layout const &style = par->layout();
-               ParagraphList::const_iterator const lastStartedPar = par;
-               ParagraphList::const_iterator send;
-
-               if (isParagraphEmpty(*par)) {
+               if (hasOnlyNotes(*par)) {
                        ++par;
-                       bpit += distance(lastStartedPar, par);
                        continue;
                }
 
+               Layout const &style = par->layout();
+
                // Think about adding <section> and/or </section>s.
-               const bool isLayoutSectioning = style.category() == from_utf8("Sectioning");
-               if (isLayoutSectioning) {
-                   int level = style.toclevel;
-
-                   // Need to close a previous section if it has the same level or a higher one (close <section> if opening a <h2>
-                   // after a <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5> or <h6>). More examples:
-                   //   - current: h2; back: h1; do not close any <section>
-                   //   - current: h1; back: h2; close two <section> (first the <h2>, then the <h1>, so a new <h1> can come)
-                   while (!headerLevels.empty() && level <= headerLevels.top().first) {
+               if (isLayoutSectioning(style)) {
+                       int level = style.toclevel;
+
+                       // Need to close a previous section if it has the same level or a higher one (close <section> if opening a
+                       // <h2> after a <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5> or <h6>). More examples:
+                       //   - current: h2; back: h1; do not close any <section>
+                       //   - current: h1; back: h2; close two <section> (first the <h2>, then the <h1>, so a new <h1> can come)
+                       while (!headerLevels.empty() && level <= headerLevels.top().first) {
+                               // Output the tag only if it corresponds to a legit section.
                                int stackLevel = headerLevels.top().first;
-                               docstring stackTag = from_utf8("</" + headerLevels.top().second + ">");
+                               if (stackLevel != Layout::NOT_IN_TOC) {
+                                       xs << xml::EndTag(headerLevels.top().second);
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
+                               }
                                headerLevels.pop();
+                       }
 
-                               // Output the tag only if it corresponds to a legit section.
-                               if (stackLevel != Layout::NOT_IN_TOC)
-                                       xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << stackTag << xml::CR();
-                   }
-
-                   // Open the new section: first push it onto the stack, then output it in DocBook.
-                   string sectionTag = (currentlyInAppendix && style.docbooksectiontag() == "chapter") ?
-                                       "appendix" : style.docbooksectiontag();
-                   headerLevels.push(std::make_pair(level, sectionTag));
+                       // Open the new section: first push it onto the stack, then output it in DocBook.
+                       string sectionTag = (currentlyInAppendix && style.docbooksectiontag() == "chapter") ?
+                                                               "appendix" : style.docbooksectiontag();
+                       headerLevels.push(std::make_pair(level, sectionTag));
 
-                   // Some sectioning-like elements should not be output (such as FrontMatter).
-                   if (level != Layout::NOT_IN_TOC) {
+                       // Some sectioning-like elements should not be output (such as FrontMatter).
+                       if (level != Layout::NOT_IN_TOC) {
                                // Look for a label in the title, i.e. a InsetLabel as a child.
                                docstring id = docstring();
                                for (pos_type i = 0; i < par->size(); ++i) {
                                        Inset const *inset = par->getInset(i);
-                                       if (inset && dynamic_cast<InsetLabel const *>(inset)) {
-                                               // Generate the attributes for the section if need be.
-                                               auto label = dynamic_cast<InsetLabel const *>(inset);
-                                               id += "xml:id=\"" + xml::cleanID(label->screenLabel()) + "\"";
+                                       if (inset) {
+                                               if (auto label = dynamic_cast<InsetLabel const *>(inset)) {
+                                                       // Generate the attributes for the section if need be.
+                                                       id += "xml:id=\"" + xml::cleanID(label->screenLabel()) + "\"";
 
-                                               // Don't output the ID as a DocBook <anchor>.
-                                               ourparams.docbook_anchors_to_ignore.emplace(label->screenLabel());
+                                                       // Don't output the ID as a DocBook <anchor>.
+                                                       ourparams.docbook_anchors_to_ignore.emplace(label->screenLabel());
 
-                                               // Cannot have multiple IDs per tag.
-                                               break;
+                                                       // Cannot have multiple IDs per tag. If there is another ID inset in the document, it will
+                                                       // be output as a DocBook anchor.
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
                                        }
                                }
 
                                // Write the open tag for this section.
-                               docstring tag = from_utf8("<" + sectionTag);
+                               docstring attrs;
                                if (!id.empty())
-                                       tag += from_utf8(" ") + id;
-                               tag += from_utf8(">");
-                               xs << XMLStream::ESCAPE_NONE << tag;
+                                       attrs = id;
+                               xs << xml::StartTag(sectionTag, attrs);
                                xs << xml::CR();
-                   }
+                       }
                }
 
                // Close all sections before the bibliography.
                // TODO: Only close all when the bibliography is at the end of the document? Or force to output the bibliography at the end of the document? Or don't care (as allowed by DocBook)?
-               auto insetsLength = distance(par->insetList().begin(), par->insetList().end());
-               if (insetsLength > 0) {
+               if (!par->insetList().empty()) {
                        Inset const *firstInset = par->getInset(0);
-                       if (firstInset && dynamic_cast<InsetBibtex const *>(firstInset)) {
+                       if (firstInset && (firstInset->lyxCode() == BIBITEM_CODE || firstInset->lyxCode() == BIBTEX_CODE)) {
                                while (!headerLevels.empty()) {
                                        int level = headerLevels.top().first;
                                        docstring tag = from_utf8("</" + headerLevels.top().second + ">");
@@ -963,9 +1162,85 @@ void docbookParagraphs(Text const &text,
                        }
                }
 
-               // Generate this paragraph.
-               tie(par, send) = makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, par, send, pend);
-               bpit += distance(lastStartedPar, par);
+               // Generate the <info> tag if a section was just opened.
+               // Some sections may require abstracts (mostly parts, in books: DocBookForceAbstractTag will not be NONE),
+               // others can still have an abstract (it must be detected so that it can be output at the right place).
+               // TODO: docbookforceabstracttag is a bit contrived here, but it does the job. Having another field just for this would be cleaner, but that's just for <part> and <partintro>, so it's probably not worth the effort.
+               if (isLayoutSectioning(style)) {
+                       // This abstract may be found between the next paragraph and the next title.
+                       pit_type cpit = std::distance(text.paragraphs().begin(), par);
+                       pit_type ppit = std::get<1>(hasDocumentSectioning(paragraphs, cpit + 1L, epit));
+
+                       // Generate this abstract (this code corresponds to parts of outputDocBookInfo).
+                       DocBookInfoTag secInfo = getParagraphsWithInfo(paragraphs, cpit, ppit, true,
+                                                                                                 style.docbookforceabstracttag() != "NONE");
+
+                       if (!secInfo.mustBeInInfo.empty() || !secInfo.shouldBeInInfo.empty() || !secInfo.abstract.empty()) {
+                               // Generate the <info>, if required. If DocBookForceAbstractTag != NONE, this abstract will not be in
+                               // <info>, unlike other ("standard") abstracts.
+                               bool hasStandardAbstract = !secInfo.abstract.empty() && style.docbookforceabstracttag() == "NONE";
+                               bool needInfo = !secInfo.mustBeInInfo.empty() || hasStandardAbstract;
+
+                               if (needInfo) {
+                                       xs.startDivision(false);
+                                       xs << xml::StartTag("info");
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
+                               }
+
+                               // Output the elements that should go in <info>, before and after the abstract.
+                               for (auto pit : secInfo.shouldBeInInfo) // Typically, the title: these elements are so important and ubiquitous
+                                       // that mandating a wrapper like <info> would repel users. Thus, generate them first.
+                                       makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(pit));
+                               for (auto pit : secInfo.mustBeInInfo)
+                                       makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(pit));
+
+                               // Deal with the abstract in <info> if it is standard (i.e. its tag is <abstract>).
+                               if (!secInfo.abstract.empty() && hasStandardAbstract) {
+                                       if (!secInfo.abstractLayout) {
+                                               xs << xml::StartTag("abstract");
+                                               xs << xml::CR();
+                                       }
+
+                                       for (auto const &p : secInfo.abstract)
+                                               makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(p));
+
+                                       if (!secInfo.abstractLayout) {
+                                               xs << xml::EndTag("abstract");
+                                               xs << xml::CR();
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               // End the <info> tag if it was started.
+                               if (needInfo) {
+                                       if (!xs.isLastTagCR())
+                                               xs << xml::CR();
+
+                                       xs << xml::EndTag("info");
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
+                                       xs.endDivision();
+                               }
+
+                               // Deal with the abstract outside <info> if it is not standard (i.e. its tag is layout-defined).
+                               if (!secInfo.abstract.empty() && !hasStandardAbstract) {
+                                       // Assert: style.docbookforceabstracttag() != NONE.
+                                       xs << xml::StartTag(style.docbookforceabstracttag());
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
+                                       for (auto const &p : secInfo.abstract)
+                                               makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, paragraphs.iterator_at(p));
+                                       xs << xml::EndTag(style.docbookforceabstracttag());
+                                       xs << xml::CR();
+                               }
+
+                               // Skip all the text that has just been generated.
+                               par = paragraphs.iterator_at(secInfo.epit);
+                       } else {
+                               // No <info> tag to generate, proceed as for normal paragraphs.
+                               par = makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, par);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       // Generate this paragraph, as it has nothing special.
+                       par = makeAny(text, buf, xs, ourparams, par);
+               }
        }
 
        // If need be, close <section>s, but only at the end of the document (otherwise, dealt with at the beginning
@@ -978,4 +1253,4 @@ void docbookParagraphs(Text const &text,
        }
 }
 
-} // namespace lyx
+} // namespace lyx
\ No newline at end of file