]> git.lyx.org Git - lyx.git/blobdiff - src/mathed/math_extern.C
Get rid of lyxstring, remove usage of STRCONV.
[lyx.git] / src / mathed / math_extern.C
index a8fc186a10955cfbf68272b9cb801bb8f43da62f..8f26fd7c5e5e3d66da7cd2fe0b33cdf398dcfb9f 100644 (file)
@@ -1,37 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * \file math_extern.C
+ * This file is part of LyX, the document processor.
+ * Licence details can be found in the file COPYING.
+ *
+ * \author André Pönitz
+ *
+ * Full author contact details are available in file CREDITS.
+ */
+
 // This file contains most of the magic that extracts "context
 // information" from the unstructered layout-oriented stuff in an
 // MathArray.
 
 #include <config.h>
 
-#include "math_amsarrayinset.h"
+#include "math_extern.h"
 #include "math_arrayinset.h"
 #include "math_charinset.h"
 #include "math_deliminset.h"
+#include "math_data.h"
 #include "math_diffinset.h"
 #include "math_exfuncinset.h"
 #include "math_exintinset.h"
 #include "math_fracinset.h"
+#include "math_liminset.h"
 #include "math_matrixinset.h"
 #include "math_mathmlstream.h"
 #include "math_numberinset.h"
 #include "math_scriptinset.h"
 #include "math_stringinset.h"
 #include "math_symbolinset.h"
-#include "math_unknowninset.h"
 #include "math_parser.h"
-#include "Lsstream.h"
+#include "support/std_sstream.h"
 #include "debug.h"
-#include "support/lyxlib.h"
-#include "support/systemcall.h"
 #include "support/filetools.h"
+#include "support/lstrings.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
-using std::ostream;
-using std::istringstream;
-using std::find_if;
+using lyx::support::cmd_ret;
+using lyx::support::getVectorFromString;
+using lyx::support::LibFileSearch;
+using lyx::support::RunCommand;
+using lyx::support::subst;
+
 using std::endl;
+using std::find_if;
+
+using std::istringstream;
+using std::ostream;
+using std::ostringstream;
 
 
 ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, MathArray const & ar)
@@ -43,10 +61,10 @@ ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, MathArray const & ar)
 
 
 // define a function for tests
-typedef bool TestItemFunc(MathInset *);
+typedef bool TestItemFunc(MathAtom const &);
 
 // define a function for replacing subexpressions
-typedef MathInset * ReplaceArgumentFunc(const MathArray & ar);
+typedef MathAtom ReplaceArgumentFunc(const MathArray & ar);
 
 
 
@@ -112,20 +130,6 @@ MathArray::iterator extractArgument(MathArray & ar,
 }
 
 
-MathScriptInset const * asScript(MathArray::const_iterator it)
-{
-       if (!it->nucleus())
-               return 0;
-       if (it->nucleus()->asScriptInset())
-               return 0;
-       ++it;
-       if (!it->nucleus())
-               return 0;
-       return it->nucleus()->asScriptInset();
-}
-
-
-
 // returns sequence of char with same code starting at it up to end
 // it might be less, though...
 string charSequence
@@ -140,60 +144,50 @@ string charSequence
 
 void extractStrings(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nStrings from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nStrings from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
                if (!ar[i]->asCharInset())
                        continue;
                string s = charSequence(ar.begin() + i, ar.end());
-               ar[i].reset(new MathStringInset(s));
+               ar[i] = MathAtom(new MathStringInset(s));
                ar.erase(i + 1, i + s.size());
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nStrings to: " << ar << "\n";
-}
-
-
-MathInset * singleItem(MathArray & ar)
-{
-       return ar.size() == 1 ? ar.begin()->nucleus() : 0;
+       //lyxerr << "\nStrings to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
 void extractMatrices(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nMatrices from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nMatrices from: " << ar << endl;
        // first pass for explicitly delimited stuff
-       for (MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathDelimInset * del = (*it)->asDelimInset();
-               if (!del)
+       for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
+               if (!ar[i]->asDelimInset())
+                       continue;
+               MathArray const & arr = ar[i]->asDelimInset()->cell(0);
+               if (arr.size() != 1)
                        continue;
-               MathInset * arr = singleItem(del->cell(0));
-               if (!arr || !arr->asGridInset())
+               if (!arr.front()->asGridInset())
                        continue;
-               *it = MathAtom(new MathMatrixInset(*(arr->asGridInset())));
+               ar[i] = MathAtom(new MathMatrixInset(*(arr.front()->asGridInset())));
        }
 
        // second pass for AMS "pmatrix" etc
-       for (MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathAMSArrayInset * ams = (*it)->asAMSArrayInset();
-               if (!ams)
-                       continue;
-               *it = MathAtom(new MathMatrixInset(*ams));
-       }
-       //lyxerr << "\nMatrices to: " << ar << "\n";
+       for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i)
+               if (ar[i]->asAMSArrayInset())
+                       ar[i] = MathAtom(new MathMatrixInset(*(ar[i]->asGridInset())));
+       //lyxerr << "\nMatrices to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
 // convert this inset somehow to a string
-bool extractString(MathInset * p, string & str)
+bool extractString(MathAtom const & at, string & str)
 {
-       if (!p)
-               return false;
-       if (p->getChar()) {
-               str = string(1, p->getChar());
+       if (at->getChar()) {
+               str = string(1, at->getChar());
                return true;
        }
-       if (p->asStringInset()) {
-               str = p->asStringInset()->str();
+       if (at->asStringInset()) {
+               str = at->asStringInset()->str();
                return true;
        }
        return false;
@@ -217,10 +211,10 @@ bool extractNumber(MathArray const & ar, double & d)
 }
 
 
-bool testString(MathInset * p, const string & str)
+bool testString(MathAtom const & at, string const & str)
 {
        string s;
-       return extractString(p, s) && str == s;
+       return extractString(at, s) && str == s;
 }
 
 
@@ -233,9 +227,9 @@ MathArray::iterator endNestSearch(
 )
 {
        for (int level = 0; it != last; ++it) {
-               if (testOpen(it->nucleus()))
+               if (testOpen(*it))
                        ++level;
-               if (testClose(it->nucleus()))
+               if (testClose(*it))
                        --level;
                if (level == 0)
                        break;
@@ -256,21 +250,18 @@ void replaceNested(
        // to modify the array.
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
                // check whether this is the begin of the sequence
-               MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
-               if (!testOpen(it->nucleus()))
+               if (!testOpen(ar[i]))
                        continue;
 
                // search end of sequence
+               MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
                MathArray::iterator jt = endNestSearch(it, ar.end(), testOpen, testClose);
                if (jt == ar.end())
                        continue;
 
-               // create a proper inset as replacement
-               MathInset * p = replaceArg(MathArray(it + 1, jt));
-
                // replace the original stuff by the new inset
+               ar[i] = replaceArg(MathArray(it + 1, jt));
                ar.erase(it + 1, jt + 1);
-               (*it).reset(p);
        }
 }
 
@@ -283,30 +274,29 @@ void replaceNested(
 
 void splitScripts(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nScripts from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nScripts from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
-               MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
-
                // is this script inset?
-               MathScriptInset * p = (*it)->asScriptInset();
-               if (!p)
+               if (!ar[i]->asScriptInset())
                        continue;
 
                // no problem if we don't have both...
-               if (!p->hasUp() || !p->hasDown())
+               if (!ar[i]->asScriptInset()->hasUp())
+                       continue;
+               if (!ar[i]->asScriptInset()->hasDown())
                        continue;
 
                // create extra script inset and move superscript over
-               MathScriptInset * q = new MathScriptInset;
-               q->ensure(true);
-               q->up().data_.swap(p->up().data_);
+               MathScriptInset * p = ar[i].nucleus()->asScriptInset();
+               MathScriptInset * q = new MathScriptInset(true);
+               std::swap(q->up(), p->up());
                p->removeScript(true);
 
                // insert new inset behind
                ++i;
                ar.insert(i, MathAtom(q));
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nScripts to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nScripts to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -316,26 +306,22 @@ void splitScripts(MathArray & ar)
 
 void extractExps(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nExps from: " << ar << "\n";
-
+       //lyxerr << "\nExps from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 1 < ar.size(); ++i) {
-               MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
-
                // is this 'e'?
-               MathCharInset const * p = (*it)->asCharInset();
-               if (!p || p->getChar() != 'e')
+               if (ar[i]->getChar() != 'e')
                        continue;
 
                // we need an exponent but no subscript
-               MathScriptInset * sup = (*(it + 1))->asScriptInset();
+               MathScriptInset const * sup = ar[i + 1]->asScriptInset();
                if (!sup || sup->hasDown())
                        continue;
 
-               // create a proper exp-inset as replacement 
-               *it = new MathExFuncInset("exp", sup->cell(1));
-               ar.erase(it + 1);
+               // create a proper exp-inset as replacement
+               ar[i] = MathAtom(new MathExFuncInset("exp", sup->cell(1)));
+               ar.erase(i + 1);
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nExps to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nExps to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -344,16 +330,16 @@ void extractExps(MathArray & ar)
 //
 void extractDets(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\ndet from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\ndet from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathDelimInset * del = (*it)->asDelimInset();
+               MathDelimInset const * del = (*it)->asDelimInset();
                if (!del)
                        continue;
                if (!del->isAbs())
                        continue;
-               *it = new MathExFuncInset("det", del->cell(0));
+               *it = MathAtom(new MathExFuncInset("det", del->cell(0)));
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\ndet to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\ndet to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -383,7 +369,7 @@ string digitSequence
 
 void extractNumbers(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nNumbers from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nNumbers from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
                if (!ar[i]->asCharInset())
                        continue;
@@ -392,10 +378,10 @@ void extractNumbers(MathArray & ar)
 
                string s = digitSequence(ar.begin() + i, ar.end());
 
-               ar[i].reset(new MathNumberInset(s));
+               ar[i] = MathAtom(new MathNumberInset(s));
                ar.erase(i + 1, i + s.size());
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nNumbers to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nNumbers to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -404,30 +390,30 @@ void extractNumbers(MathArray & ar)
 // search deliminiters
 //
 
-bool testOpenParan(MathInset * p)
+bool testOpenParan(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testString(p, "(");
+       return testString(at, "(");
 }
 
 
-bool testCloseParan(MathInset * p)
+bool testCloseParan(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testString(p, ")");
+       return testString(at, ")");
 }
 
 
-MathInset * replaceDelims(const MathArray & ar)
+MathAtom replaceDelims(const MathArray & ar)
 {
-       return new MathDelimInset("(", ")", ar);
+       return MathAtom(new MathDelimInset("(", ")", ar));
 }
 
 
 // replace '('...')' sequences by a real MathDelimInset
 void extractDelims(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nDelims from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nDelims from: " << ar << endl;
        replaceNested(ar, testOpenParan, testCloseParan, replaceDelims);
-       //lyxerr << "\nDelims to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nDelims to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -442,10 +428,10 @@ void extractDelims(MathArray & ar)
 void extractFunctions(MathArray & ar)
 {
        // we need at least two items...
-       if (ar.size() <= 1)
+       if (ar.size() < 2)
                return;
 
-       //lyxerr << "\nFunctions from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nFunctions from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 1 < ar.size(); ++i) {
                MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
                MathArray::iterator jt = it + 1;
@@ -454,18 +440,18 @@ void extractFunctions(MathArray & ar)
                // is it a function?
                if ((*it)->asUnknownInset()) {
                        // it certainly is if it is well known...
-                       name = (*it)->asUnknownInset()->name();
+                       name = (*it)->name();
                } else {
                        // is this a user defined function?
                        // it it probably not, if it doesn't have a name.
-                       if (!extractString((*it).nucleus(), name))
+                       if (!extractString(*it, name))
                                continue;
                        // it is not if it has no argument
                        if (jt == ar.end())
                                continue;
                        // guess so, if this is followed by
                        // a DelimInset with a single item in the cell
-                       MathDelimInset * del = (*jt)->asDelimInset();
+                       MathDelimInset const * del = (*jt)->asDelimInset();
                        if (!del || del->cell(0).size() != 1)
                                continue;
                        // fall trough into main branch
@@ -483,14 +469,14 @@ void extractFunctions(MathArray & ar)
                MathArray::iterator st = extractArgument(p->cell(0), jt, ar.end());
 
                // replace the function name by a real function inset
-               (*it).reset(p);
+               *it = MathAtom(p);
 
                // remove the source of the argument from the array
                ar.erase(it + 1, st);
 
                // re-insert exponent
                ar.insert(i + 1, exp);
-               //lyxerr << "\nFunctions to: " << ar << "\n";
+               //lyxerr << "\nFunctions to: " << ar << endl;
        }
 }
 
@@ -499,21 +485,32 @@ void extractFunctions(MathArray & ar)
 // search integrals
 //
 
-bool testSymbol(MathInset * p, string const & name)
+bool testSymbol(MathAtom const & at, string const & name)
 {
-       return p->asSymbolInset() && p->asSymbolInset()->name() == name;
+       return at->asSymbolInset() && at->asSymbolInset()->name() == name;
 }
 
 
-bool testIntSymbol(MathInset * p)
+bool testIntSymbol(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testSymbol(p, "int");
+       return testSymbol(at, "int");
 }
 
 
-bool testIntDiff(MathInset * p)
+bool testIntegral(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testString(p, "d");
+       return
+        testIntSymbol(at) ||
+               ( at->asScriptInset()
+                 && at->asScriptInset()->nuc().size()
+                       && testIntSymbol(at->asScriptInset()->nuc().back()) );
+}
+
+
+
+bool testIntDiff(MathAtom const & at)
+{
+       return testString(at, "d");
 }
 
 
@@ -522,56 +519,43 @@ bool testIntDiff(MathInset * p)
 void extractIntegrals(MathArray & ar)
 {
        // we need at least three items...
-       if (ar.size() <= 2)
+       if (ar.size() < 3)
                return;
 
-       //lyxerr << "\nIntegrals from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nIntegrals from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 1 < ar.size(); ++i) {
                MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
 
-               // is this a integral name?
-               if (!testIntSymbol(it->nucleus()))
-                       continue;
-
                // search 'd'
                MathArray::iterator jt =
-                       endNestSearch(it, ar.end(), testIntSymbol, testIntDiff);
+                       endNestSearch(it, ar.end(), testIntegral, testIntDiff);
 
                // something sensible found?
                if (jt == ar.end())
                        continue;
 
-               // create a proper inset as replacement
-               MathExIntInset * p = new MathExIntInset("int");
-
-               // collect subscript if any
-               MathArray::iterator st = it + 1;
-               if (st != ar.end())
-                       if (MathScriptInset * sub = (*st)->asScriptInset())
-                               if (sub->hasDown()) {
-                                       p->cell(2) = sub->down().data_;
-                                       ++st;
-                               }
-
-               // collect superscript if any
-               if (st != ar.end())
-                       if (MathScriptInset * sup = (*st)->asScriptInset())
-                               if (sup->hasUp()) {
-                                       p->cell(3) = sup->up().data_;
-                                       ++st;
-                               }
+               // is this a integral name?
+               if (!testIntegral(*it))
+                       continue;
 
                // core ist part from behind the scripts to the 'd'
-               p->cell(0) = MathArray(st, jt);
+               MathExIntInset * p = new MathExIntInset("int");
+
+               // handle scripts if available
+               if (!testIntSymbol(*it)) {
+                       p->cell(2) = (*it)->asScriptInset()->down();
+                       p->cell(3) = (*it)->asScriptInset()->up();
+               }
+               p->cell(0) = MathArray(it + 1, jt);
 
                // use the "thing" behind the 'd' as differential
                MathArray::iterator tt = extractArgument(p->cell(1), jt + 1, ar.end());
 
                // remove used parts
                ar.erase(it + 1, tt);
-               (*it).reset(p);
+               *it = MathAtom(p);
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nIntegrals to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nIntegrals to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -579,75 +563,78 @@ void extractIntegrals(MathArray & ar)
 // search sums
 //
 
-bool testSumSymbol(MathInset * p)
+
+bool testEqualSign(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testSymbol(p, "sum");
+       return testString(at, "=");
 }
 
 
-bool testEqualSign(MathAtom const & at)
+bool testSumSymbol(MathAtom const & p)
 {
-       return testString(at.nucleus(), "=");
+       return testSymbol(p, "sum");
 }
 
 
+bool testSum(MathAtom const & at)
+{
+       return
+        testSumSymbol(at) ||
+               ( at->asScriptInset()
+                 && at->asScriptInset()->nuc().size()
+                       && testSumSymbol(at->asScriptInset()->nuc().back()) );
+}
+
 
 // replace '\sum' ['_^'] f(x) sequences by a real MathExIntInset
 // assume 'extractDelims' ran before
 void extractSums(MathArray & ar)
 {
        // we need at least two items...
-       if (ar.size() <= 1)
+       if (ar.size() < 2)
                return;
 
-       //lyxerr << "\nSums from: " << ar << "\n";
-       for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 1< ar.size(); ++i) {
+       //lyxerr << "\nSums from: " << ar << endl;
+       for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 1 < ar.size(); ++i) {
                MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
 
                // is this a sum name?
-               if (!testSumSymbol(it->nucleus()))
+               if (!testSum(ar[i]))
                        continue;
 
                // create a proper inset as replacement
                MathExIntInset * p = new MathExIntInset("sum");
 
                // collect lower bound and summation index
-               MathArray::iterator st = it + 1;
-               if (st != ar.end())
-                       if (MathScriptInset * sub = (*st)->asScriptInset())
-                               if (sub->hasDown()) {
-                                       // try to figure out the summation index from the subscript
-                                       MathArray & ar = sub->down().data_;
-                                       MathArray::iterator it =
-                                               find_if(ar.begin(), ar.end(), &testEqualSign);
-                                       if (it != ar.end()) {
-                                               // we found a '=', use everything in front of that as index,
-                                               // and everything behind as lower index
-                                               p->cell(1) = MathArray(ar.begin(), it);
-                                               p->cell(2) = MathArray(it + 1, ar.end());
-                                       } else {
-                                               // use everything as summation index, don't use scripts.
-                                               p->cell(1) = ar;
-                                       }
-                                       ++st;
-                               }
+               MathScriptInset const * sub = ar[i]->asScriptInset();
+               if (sub && sub->hasDown()) {
+                       // try to figure out the summation index from the subscript
+                       MathArray const & ar = sub->down();
+                       MathArray::const_iterator xt =
+                               find_if(ar.begin(), ar.end(), &testEqualSign);
+                       if (xt != ar.end()) {
+                               // we found a '=', use everything in front of that as index,
+                               // and everything behind as lower index
+                               p->cell(1) = MathArray(ar.begin(), xt);
+                               p->cell(2) = MathArray(xt + 1, ar.end());
+                       } else {
+                               // use everything as summation index, don't use scripts.
+                               p->cell(1) = ar;
+                       }
+               }
 
                // collect upper bound
-               if (st != ar.end())
-                       if (MathScriptInset * sup = (*st)->asScriptInset())
-                               if (sup->hasUp()) {
-                                       p->cell(3) = sup->up().data_;
-                                       ++st;
-                               }
+               if (sub && sub->hasUp())
+                       p->cell(3) = sub->up();
 
-               // use some  behind the script as core
-               MathArray::iterator tt = extractArgument(p->cell(0), st, ar.end());
+               // use something  behind the script as core
+               MathArray::iterator tt = extractArgument(p->cell(0), it + 1, ar.end());
 
                // cleanup
                ar.erase(it + 1, tt);
-               (*it).reset(p);
+               *it = MathAtom(p);
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nSums to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nSums to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -658,7 +645,7 @@ void extractSums(MathArray & ar)
 // tests for 'd' or '\partial'
 bool testDiffItem(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       return testString(at.nucleus(), "d");
+       return testString(at, "d");
 }
 
 
@@ -668,41 +655,28 @@ bool testDiffArray(MathArray const & ar)
 }
 
 
-bool testDiffFrac(MathInset * p)
+bool testDiffFrac(MathAtom const & at)
 {
-       MathFracInset * f = p->asFracInset();
-       return f && testDiffArray(f->cell(0)) && testDiffArray(f->cell(1));
-}
-
-
-// is this something like ^number?
-bool extractDiffExponent(MathArray::iterator it, int & i)
-{
-       if (!(*it)->asScriptInset())
-               return false;
-
-       string s;
-       if (!extractString((*it).nucleus(), s))
-               return false;
-       istringstream is(s.c_str());
-       is >> i;
-       return is;
+       return
+               at->asFracInset()
+                       && testDiffArray(at->asFracInset()->cell(0))
+                       && testDiffArray(at->asFracInset()->cell(1));
 }
 
 
 void extractDiff(MathArray & ar)
 {
-       //lyxerr << "\nDiffs from: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nDiffs from: " << ar << endl;
        for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
                MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
 
                // is this a "differential fraction"?
-               if (!testDiffFrac(it->nucleus()))
+               if (!testDiffFrac(*it))
                        continue;
 
-               MathFracInset * f = (*it)->asFracInset();
+               MathFracInset const * f = (*it)->asFracInset();
                if (!f) {
-                       lyxerr << "should not happen\n";
+                       lyxerr << "should not happen" << endl;
                        continue;
                }
 
@@ -712,7 +686,7 @@ void extractDiff(MathArray & ar)
                // collect function, let jt point behind last used item
                MathArray::iterator jt = it + 1;
                //int n = 1;
-               MathArray & numer = f->cell(0);
+               MathArray const & numer = f->cell(0);
                if (numer.size() > 1 && numer[1]->asScriptInset()) {
                        // this is something like  d^n f(x) / d... or  d^n / d...
                        // FIXME
@@ -730,18 +704,19 @@ void extractDiff(MathArray & ar)
                }
 
                // collect denominator parts
-               MathArray & denom = f->cell(1);
-               for (MathArray::iterator dt = denom.begin(); dt != denom.end();) {
+               MathArray const & denom = f->cell(1);
+               for (MathArray::const_iterator dt = denom.begin(); dt != denom.end();) {
                        // find the next 'd'
-                       MathArray::iterator et = find_if(dt + 1, denom.end(), &testDiffItem);
+                       MathArray::const_iterator et
+                               = find_if(dt + 1, denom.end(), &testDiffItem);
 
                        // point before this
-                       MathArray::iterator st = et - 1;
-                       MathScriptInset * script = (*st)->asScriptInset();
+                       MathArray::const_iterator st = et - 1;
+                       MathScriptInset const * script = (*st)->asScriptInset();
                        if (script && script->hasUp()) {
                                // things like   d.../dx^n
                                int mult = 1;
-                               if (extractNumber(script->up().data_, mult)) {
+                               if (extractNumber(script->up(), mult)) {
                                        //lyxerr << "mult: " << mult << endl;
                                        for (int i = 0; i < mult; ++i)
                                                diff->addDer(MathArray(dt + 1, st));
@@ -755,12 +730,68 @@ void extractDiff(MathArray & ar)
 
                // cleanup
                ar.erase(it + 1, jt);
-               (*it).reset(diff);
+               *it = MathAtom(diff);
        }
-       //lyxerr << "\nDiffs to: " << ar << "\n";
+       //lyxerr << "\nDiffs to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
+//
+// search limits
+//
+
+
+bool testRightArrow(MathAtom const & at)
+{
+       return testSymbol(at, "to") || testSymbol(at, "rightarrow");
+}
+
+
+
+// replace '\lim_{x->x0} f(x)' sequences by a real MathLimInset
+// assume 'extractDelims' ran before
+void extractLims(MathArray & ar)
+{
+       // we need at least three items...
+       if (ar.size() < 3)
+               return;
+
+       //lyxerr << "\nLimits from: " << ar << endl;
+       for (MathArray::size_type i = 0; i + 2 < ar.size(); ++i) {
+               MathArray::iterator it = ar.begin() + i;
+
+               // is this a limit function?
+               if (!testSymbol(*it, "lim"))
+                       continue;
+
+               // the next one must be a subscript (without superscript)
+               MathScriptInset const * sub = (*(it + 1))->asScriptInset();
+               if (!sub || !sub->hasDown() || sub->hasUp())
+                       continue;
+
+               // and it must contain a -> symbol
+               MathArray const & s = sub->down();
+               MathArray::const_iterator st = find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), &testRightArrow);
+               if (st == s.end())
+                       continue;
+
+               // the -> splits the subscript int x and x0
+               MathArray x  = MathArray(s.begin(), st);
+               MathArray x0 = MathArray(st + 1, s.end());
+
+               // use something behind the script as core
+               MathArray f;
+               MathArray::iterator tt = extractArgument(f, it + 2, ar.end());
+
+               // cleanup
+               ar.erase(it + 1, tt);
+
+               // create a proper inset as replacement
+               *it = MathAtom(new MathLimInset(f, x, x0));
+       }
+       //lyxerr << "\nLimits to: " << ar << endl;
+}
+
 
 //
 // combine searches
@@ -768,17 +799,20 @@ void extractDiff(MathArray & ar)
 
 void extractStructure(MathArray & ar)
 {
+       //lyxerr << "\nStructure from: " << ar << endl;
+       extractIntegrals(ar);
+       extractSums(ar);
        splitScripts(ar);
        extractNumbers(ar);
        extractMatrices(ar);
        extractDelims(ar);
        extractFunctions(ar);
        extractDets(ar);
-       extractIntegrals(ar);
-       extractSums(ar);
        extractDiff(ar);
        extractExps(ar);
+       extractLims(ar);
        extractStrings(ar);
+       //lyxerr << "\nStructure to: " << ar << endl;
 }
 
 
@@ -786,17 +820,10 @@ void write(MathArray const & dat, WriteStream & wi)
 {
        MathArray ar = dat;
        extractStrings(ar);
+       wi.firstitem() = true;
        for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               wi.firstitem() = (it == ar.begin());
-               MathInset const * p = it->nucleus();
-               if (it + 1 != ar.end()) {
-                       if (MathScriptInset const * q = asScript(it)) {
-                               q->write2(p, wi);
-                               ++it;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-               }
-               p->write(wi);
+               (*it)->write(wi);
+               wi.firstitem() = false;
        }
 }
 
@@ -808,57 +835,39 @@ void normalize(MathArray const & ar, NormalStream & os)
 }
 
 
-void octavize(MathArray const & dat, OctaveStream & os)
+void octave(MathArray const & dat, OctaveStream & os)
 {
        MathArray ar = dat;
        extractStructure(ar);
-       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathInset const * p = it->nucleus();
-               if (it + 1 != ar.end()) {
-                       if (MathScriptInset const * q = asScript(it)) {
-                               q->octavize2(p, os);
-                               ++it;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-               }
-               p->octavize(os);
-       }
+       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it)
+               (*it)->octave(os);
 }
 
 
-void maplize(MathArray const & dat, MapleStream & os)
+void maple(MathArray const & dat, MapleStream & os)
 {
        MathArray ar = dat;
        extractStructure(ar);
-       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathInset const * p = it->nucleus();
-               if (it + 1 != ar.end()) {
-                       if (MathScriptInset const * q = asScript(it)) {
-                               q->maplize2(p, os);
-                               ++it;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-               }
-               p->maplize(os);
-       }
+       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it)
+               (*it)->maple(os);
 }
 
 
-void mathematicize(MathArray const & dat, MathematicaStream & os)
+void maxima(MathArray const & dat, MaximaStream & os)
 {
        MathArray ar = dat;
        extractStructure(ar);
-       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-               MathInset const * p = it->nucleus();
-               if (it + 1 != ar.end()) {
-                       if (MathScriptInset const * q = asScript(it)) {
-                               q->mathematicize2(p, os);
-                               ++it;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-               }
-               p->mathematicize(os);
-       }
+       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it)
+               (*it)->maxima(os);
+}
+
+
+void mathematica(MathArray const & dat, MathematicaStream & os)
+{
+       MathArray ar = dat;
+       extractStructure(ar);
+       for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it)
+               (*it)->mathematica(os);
 }
 
 
@@ -869,20 +878,11 @@ void mathmlize(MathArray const & dat, MathMLStream & os)
        if (ar.size() == 0)
                os << "<mrow/>";
        else if (ar.size() == 1)
-               os << ar.begin()->nucleus();
+               os << ar.front();
        else {
                os << MTag("mrow");
-               for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it) {
-                       MathInset const * p = it->nucleus();
-                       if (it + 1 != ar.end()) {
-                               if (MathScriptInset const * q = asScript(it)) {
-                                       q->mathmlize2(p, os);
-                                       ++it;
-                                       continue;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       p->mathmlize(os);
-               }
+               for (MathArray::const_iterator it = ar.begin(); it != ar.end(); ++it)
+                       (*it)->mathmlize(os);
                os << ETag("mrow");
        }
 }
@@ -894,15 +894,136 @@ namespace {
 
        string captureOutput(string const & cmd, string const & data)
        {
-               string outfile = lyx::tempName(string(), "mathextern");
-               string full =  "echo '" + data + "' | (" + cmd + ") > " + outfile;
-               lyxerr << "calling: " << full << endl;
-               Systemcall dummy;
-               dummy.startscript(Systemcall::Wait, full);
-               string out = GetFileContents(outfile);
-               lyx::unlink(outfile);
-               lyxerr << "result: '" << out << "'" << endl;
-               return out;
+               string command =  "echo '" + data + "' | " + cmd;
+               lyxerr << "calling: " << command << endl;
+               cmd_ret const ret = RunCommand(command);
+               return ret.second;
+       }
+
+       string::size_type get_matching_brace(string const & str, string::size_type i)
+       {
+               int count = 1;
+               string::size_type n = str.size();
+               while (i < n) {
+                       i = str.find_first_of("{}", i+1);
+                       if (i == string::npos) return i;
+                       if (str[i] == '{')
+                               ++count;
+                       else
+                               --count;
+                       if (count == 0)
+                               return i;
+               }
+               return string::npos;
+       }
+
+       string::size_type get_matching_brace_back(string const & str, string::size_type i)
+       {
+               int count = 1;
+               while (i > 0) {
+                       i = str.find_last_of("{}", i-1);
+                       if (i == string::npos) return i;
+                       if (str[i] == '}')
+                               ++count;
+                       else
+                               --count;
+                       if (count == 0)
+                               return i;
+               }
+               return string::npos;
+       }
+
+       MathArray pipeThroughMaxima(string const &, MathArray const & ar)
+       {
+               ostringstream os;
+               MaximaStream ms(os);
+               ms << ar;
+               string expr = os.str();
+               string const header = "SIMPSUM:true;";
+
+               string out;
+               for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { // at most 100 attempts
+                       // try to fix missing '*' the hard way
+                       //
+                       // > echo "2x;" | maxima
+                       // ...
+                       // (C1) Incorrect syntax: x is not an infix operator
+                       // 2x;
+                       //  ^
+                       //
+                       lyxerr << "checking expr: '" << expr << "'" << endl;
+                       string full = header + "tex(" + expr + ");";
+                       out = captureOutput("maxima", full);
+
+                       // leave loop if expression syntax is probably ok
+                       if (out.find("Incorrect syntax") == string::npos)
+                               break;
+
+                       // search line with "Incorrect syntax"
+                       istringstream is(out.c_str());
+                       string line;
+                       while (is) {
+                               getline(is, line);
+                               if (line.find("Incorrect syntax") != string::npos)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+
+                       // 2nd next line is the one with caret
+                       getline(is, line);
+                       getline(is, line);
+                       string::size_type pos = line.find('^');
+                       lyxerr << "found caret at pos: '" << pos << "'" << endl;
+                       if (pos == string::npos || pos < 4)
+                               break; // caret position not found
+                       pos -= 4; // skip the "tex(" part
+                       if (expr[pos] == '*')
+                               break; // two '*' in a row are definitely bad
+                       expr.insert(pos,  "*");
+               }
+
+               std::vector<string> tmp = getVectorFromString(out, "$$");
+               if (tmp.size() < 2)
+                       return MathArray();
+
+               out = subst(tmp[1],"\\>", "");
+               lyxerr << "out: '" << out << "'" << endl;
+
+               // Ugly code that tries to make the result prettier
+
+               string::size_type i = out.find("\\mathchoice");
+               while (i != string::npos) {
+                       string::size_type j = get_matching_brace(out, i + 12);
+                       string::size_type k = get_matching_brace(out, j + 1);
+                       k = get_matching_brace(out, k + 1);
+                       k = get_matching_brace(out, k + 1);
+                       string mid = out.substr(i + 13,j - i - 13);
+                       if (mid.find("\\over") != string::npos)
+                               mid = '{' + mid + '}';
+                       out = out.substr(0,i)
+                               + mid
+                               + out.substr(k + 1);
+                       //lyxerr << "out: " << out << endl;
+                       i = out.find("\\mathchoice", i);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               i = out.find("\\over");
+               while (i != string::npos) {
+                       string::size_type j = get_matching_brace_back(out, i - 1);
+                       if (j == string::npos || j == 0) break;
+                       string::size_type k = get_matching_brace(out, i + 5);
+                       if (k == string::npos || k + 1 == out.size()) break;
+                       out = out.substr(0,j - 1)
+                               + "\\frac"
+                               + out.substr(j,i - j)
+                               + out.substr(i + 5,k - i - 4)
+                               + out.substr(k + 2);
+                       //lyxerr << "out: " << out << endl;
+                       i = out.find("\\over", i + 4);
+               }
+               MathArray res;
+               mathed_parse_cell(res, out);
+               return res;
        }
 
 
@@ -940,9 +1061,9 @@ namespace {
                ostringstream os;
                MapleStream ms(os);
                ms << ar;
-               string expr = os.str().c_str();
-               lyxerr << "ar: '" << ar << "'\n";
-               lyxerr << "ms: '" << os.str() << "'\n";
+               string expr = os.str();
+               lyxerr << "ar: '" << ar << "'\n"
+                      << "ms: '" << os.str() << "'" << endl;
 
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { // at most 100 attempts
                        // try to fix missing '*' the hard way by using mint
@@ -952,8 +1073,8 @@ namespace {
                        //                 ^ syntax error -
                        //                   Probably missing an operator such as * p
                        //
-                       lyxerr << "checking expr: '" << expr << "'\n";
-                       string out = captureOutput("mint -i 1 -S -s -q -q", expr + ";");
+                       lyxerr << "checking expr: '" << expr << "'" << endl;
+                       string out = captureOutput("mint -i 1 -S -s -q -q", expr + ';');
                        if (out.empty())
                                break; // expression syntax is ok
                        istringstream is(out.c_str());
@@ -968,7 +1089,7 @@ namespace {
                        pos -= 15; // skip the "on line ..." part
                        if (expr[pos] == '*' || (pos > 0 && expr[pos - 1] == '*'))
                                break; // two '*' in a row are definitely bad
-                       expr.insert(pos,  "*");
+                       expr.insert(pos, 1, '*');
                }
 
                string full = "latex(" +  extra + '(' + expr + "));";
@@ -988,11 +1109,11 @@ namespace {
                ostringstream os;
                OctaveStream vs(os);
                vs << ar;
-               string expr = os.str().c_str();
+               string expr = os.str();
                string out;
 
-               lyxerr << "pipe: ar: '" << ar << "'\n";
-               lyxerr << "pipe: expr: '" << expr << "'\n";
+               lyxerr << "pipe: ar: '" << ar << "'\n"
+                      << "pipe: expr: '" << expr << "'" << endl;
 
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) { // at most 100 attempts
                        //
@@ -1001,9 +1122,9 @@ namespace {
                        // >>> ([[1 2 3 ];[2 3 1 ];[3 1 2 ]])([[1 2 3 ];[2 3 1 ];[3 1 2 ]])
                        //                                   ^
                        //
-                       lyxerr << "checking expr: '" << expr << "'\n";
+                       lyxerr << "checking expr: '" << expr << "'" << endl;
                        out = captureOutput("octave -q 2>&1", expr);
-                       lyxerr << "checking out: '" << out << "'\n";
+                       lyxerr << "checking out: '" << out << "'" << endl;
 
                        // leave loop if expression syntax is probably ok
                        if (out.find("parse error:") == string::npos)
@@ -1014,7 +1135,7 @@ namespace {
                        string line;
                        while (is) {
                                getline(is, line);
-                               lyxerr << "skipping line: '" << line << "'\n";
+                               lyxerr << "skipping line: '" << line << "'" << endl;
                                if (line.find(">>> ") != string::npos)
                                        break;
                        }
@@ -1022,14 +1143,14 @@ namespace {
                        // found line with error, next line is the one with caret
                        getline(is, line);
                        string::size_type pos = line.find('^');
-                       lyxerr << "caret line: '" << line << "'\n";
-                       lyxerr << "found caret at pos: '" << pos << "'\n";
+                       lyxerr << "caret line: '" << line << "'" << endl;
+                       lyxerr << "found caret at pos: '" << pos << "'" << endl;
                        if (pos == string::npos || pos < 4)
                                break; // caret position not found
                        pos -= 4; // skip the ">>> " part
                        if (expr[pos] == '*')
                                break; // two '*' in a row are definitely bad
-                       expr.insert(pos,  "*");
+                       expr.insert(pos, 1, '*');
                }
 
                if (out.size() < 6)
@@ -1040,13 +1161,13 @@ namespace {
 
                // parse output as matrix or single number
                MathAtom at(new MathArrayInset("array", out));
-               MathArrayInset const * mat = at.nucleus()->asArrayInset();
+               MathArrayInset const * mat = at->asArrayInset();
                MathArray res;
                if (mat->ncols() == 1 && mat->nrows() == 1)
-                       res.push_back(mat->cell(0));
+                       res.append(mat->cell(0));
                else {
                        res.push_back(MathAtom(new MathDelimInset("(", ")")));
-                       res.back()->cell(0).push_back(at);
+                       res.back().nucleus()->cell(0).push_back(at);
                }
                return res;
        }
@@ -1060,21 +1181,24 @@ MathArray pipeThroughExtern(string const & lang, string const & extra,
        if (lang == "octave")
                return pipeThroughOctave(extra, ar);
 
+       if (lang == "maxima")
+               return pipeThroughMaxima(extra, ar);
+
        if (lang == "maple")
                return pipeThroughMaple(extra, ar);
 
        // create normalized expression
        ostringstream os;
        NormalStream ns(os);
-       os << "[" << extra << ' ';
+       os << '[' << extra << ' ';
        ns << ar;
-       os << "]";
-       string data = os.str().c_str();
+       os << ']';
+       string data = os.str();
 
        // search external script
        string file = LibFileSearch("mathed", "extern_" + lang);
        if (file.empty()) {
-               lyxerr << "converter to '" << lang << "' not found\n";
+               lyxerr << "converter to '" << lang << "' not found" << endl;
                return MathArray();
        }