]> git.lyx.org Git - lyx.git/blobdiff - src/Paragraph.cpp
GuiToc::initialiseParams(): Fix list type parsing
[lyx.git] / src / Paragraph.cpp
index 104c31dac9974c1f1c4854ec4fc78cbce81d6432..b5f31281f4da9ee0dff6d11b8825bdb8a68a63f1 100644 (file)
 #include "Changes.h"
 #include "Counters.h"
 #include "Encoding.h"
-#include "debug.h"
-#include "gettext.h"
 #include "InsetList.h"
 #include "Language.h"
 #include "LaTeXFeatures.h"
-#include "Color.h"
 #include "Layout.h"
 #include "Length.h"
 #include "Font.h"
+#include "FontList.h"
 #include "LyXRC.h"
-#include "Messages.h"
 #include "OutputParams.h"
 #include "output_latex.h"
 #include "paragraph_funcs.h"
 #include "ParagraphParameters.h"
 #include "sgml.h"
+#include "TextClass.h"
 #include "TexRow.h"
 #include "VSpace.h"
 
 #include "frontends/FontMetrics.h"
 
 #include "insets/InsetBibitem.h"
-#include "insets/InsetOptArg.h"
+#include "insets/InsetLabel.h"
 
+#include "support/convert.h"
+#include "support/debug.h"
+#include "support/gettext.h"
 #include "support/lstrings.h"
+#include "support/Messages.h"
 #include "support/textutils.h"
-#include "support/convert.h"
-#include "support/unicode.h"
 
-#include <boost/bind.hpp>
-#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
-
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
 
-using std::distance;
-using std::endl;
-using std::string;
-using std::ostream;
+using namespace std;
+using namespace lyx::support;
 
 namespace lyx {
 
-using support::contains;
-using support::prefixIs;
-using support::suffixIs;
-using support::rsplit;
-using support::rtrim;
-
+namespace {
+/// Inset identifier (above 0x10ffff, for ucs-4)
+char_type const META_INSET = 0x200001;
+};
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
-// Paragraph::Pimpl
+// Paragraph::Private
 //
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-class Encoding;
-class Layout;
-
-
-class Paragraph::Pimpl {
+class Paragraph::Private
+{
 public:
        ///
-       Pimpl(Paragraph * owner);
+       Private(Paragraph * owner);
        /// "Copy constructor"
-       Pimpl(Pimpl const &, Paragraph * owner);
-
-       //
-       // Change tracking
-       //
-       /// look up change at given pos
-       Change const & lookupChange(pos_type pos) const;
-       /// is there a change within the given range ?
-       bool isChanged(pos_type start, pos_type end) const;
-       /// will the paragraph be physically merged with the next
-       /// one if the imaginary end-of-par character is logically deleted?
-       bool isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion(bool trackChanges) const;
-       /// set change for the entire par
-       void setChange(Change const & change);
-       /// set change at given pos
-       void setChange(pos_type pos, Change const & change);
-       /// accept changes within the given range
-       void acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end);
-       /// reject changes within the given range
-       void rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end);
+       Private(Private const &, Paragraph * owner);
 
        ///
-       value_type getChar(pos_type pos) const;
-       ///
-       void insertChar(pos_type pos, value_type c, Change const & change);
-       ///
-       void insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset, Change const & change);
-       /// (logically) erase the char at pos; return true if it was actually erased
-       bool eraseChar(pos_type pos, bool trackChanges);
-       /// (logically) erase the given range; return the number of chars actually erased
-       int eraseChars(pos_type start, pos_type end, bool trackChanges);
-       ///
-       Inset * inset_owner;
-
-       /** A font entry covers a range of positions. Notice that the
-           entries in the list are inserted in random order.
-           I don't think it's worth the effort to implement a more effective
-           datastructure, because the number of different fonts in a paragraph
-           is limited. (Asger)
-           Nevertheless, I decided to store fontlist using a sorted vector:
-           fontlist = { {pos_1,font_1} , {pos_2,font_2} , ... } where
-           pos_1 < pos_2 < ..., font_{i-1} != font_i for all i,
-           and font_i covers the chars in positions pos_{i-1}+1,...,pos_i
-           (font_1 covers the chars 0,...,pos_1) (Dekel)
-       */
-       class FontTable  {
-       public:
-               ///
-               FontTable(pos_type p, Font const & f)
-                       : pos_(p), font_(f)
-               {}
-               ///
-               pos_type pos() const { return pos_; }
-               ///
-               void pos(pos_type p) { pos_ = p; }
-               ///
-               Font const & font() const { return font_; }
-               ///
-               void font(Font const & f) { font_ = f;}
-       private:
-               /// End position of paragraph this font attribute covers
-               pos_type pos_;
-               /** Font. Interpretation of the font values:
-                   If a value is Font::INHERIT_*, it means that the font
-                   attribute is inherited from either the layout of this
-                   paragraph or, in the case of nested paragraphs, from the
-                   layout in the environment one level up until completely
-                   resolved.
-                   The values Font::IGNORE_* and Font::TOGGLE are NOT
-                   allowed in these font tables.
-               */
-               Font font_;
-       };
-       ///
-       friend class matchFT;
-       ///
-       class matchFT {
-       public:
-               /// used by lower_bound and upper_bound
-               int operator()(FontTable const & a, FontTable const & b) const {
-                       return a.pos() < b.pos();
-               }
-       };
-
-       ///
-       typedef std::vector<FontTable> FontList;
-       ///
-       FontList fontlist;
+       void insertChar(pos_type pos, char_type c, Change const & change);
 
        /// Output the surrogate pair formed by \p c and \p next to \p os.
        /// \return the number of characters written.
-       int latexSurrogatePair(odocstream & os, value_type c, value_type next,
+       int latexSurrogatePair(odocstream & os, char_type c, char_type next,
                               Encoding const &);
+
        /// Output a space in appropriate formatting (or a surrogate pair
        /// if the next character is a combining character).
        /// \return whether a surrogate pair was output.
-       bool simpleTeXBlanks(Encoding const &,
+       bool simpleTeXBlanks(OutputParams const &,
                             odocstream &, TexRow & texrow,
-                            pos_type i,
+                            pos_type i,
                             unsigned int & column,
                             Font const & font,
                             Layout const & style);
-       /// Output consecutive known unicode chars, belonging to the same
-       /// language as specified by \p preamble, to \p os starting from \p c.
+
+       /// Output consecutive unicode chars, belonging to the same script as
+       /// specified by the latex macro \p ltx, to \p os starting from \p i.
        /// \return the number of characters written.
-       int knownLangChars(odocstream & os, value_type c, string & preamble,
-                          Change &, Encoding const &, pos_type &);
+       int writeScriptChars(odocstream & os, docstring const & ltx,
+                          Change &, Encoding const &, pos_type & i);
+
+       /// This could go to ParagraphParameters if we want to.
+       int startTeXParParams(BufferParams const &, odocstream &, TexRow &,
+                             bool) const;
+
+       /// This could go to ParagraphParameters if we want to.
+       int endTeXParParams(BufferParams const &, odocstream &, TexRow &,
+                           bool) const;
+
        ///
-       void simpleTeXSpecialChars(Buffer const &, BufferParams const &,
+       void latexInset(Buffer const &, BufferParams const &,
                                   odocstream &,
                                   TexRow & texrow, OutputParams &,
                                   Font & running_font,
@@ -207,46 +124,84 @@ public:
                                   Change & running_change,
                                   Layout const & style,
                                   pos_type & i,
-                                  unsigned int & column, value_type const c);
+                                  unsigned int & column);
+
+       ///
+       void latexSpecialChar(
+                                  odocstream & os,
+                                  OutputParams & runparams,
+                                  Font & running_font,
+                                  Change & running_change,
+                                  Layout const & style,
+                                  pos_type & i,
+                                  unsigned int & column);
+
+       ///
+       bool latexSpecialT1(
+               char_type const c,
+               odocstream & os,
+               pos_type & i,
+               unsigned int & column);
+       ///
+       bool latexSpecialTypewriter(
+               char_type const c,
+               odocstream & os,
+               pos_type & i,
+               unsigned int & column);
+       ///
+       bool latexSpecialPhrase(
+               odocstream & os,
+               pos_type & i,
+               unsigned int & column,
+               OutputParams & runparams);
 
        ///
        void validate(LaTeXFeatures & features,
                      Layout const & layout) const;
 
+       /// Checks if the paragraph contains only text and no inset or font change.
+       bool onlyText(Buffer const & buf, Font const & outerfont,
+                     pos_type initial) const;
+
+       /// match a string against a particular point in the paragraph
+       bool isTextAt(string const & str, pos_type pos) const;
+       
+       /// Which Paragraph owns us?
+       Paragraph * owner_;
+
+       /// In which Inset?
+       Inset * inset_owner_;
+
+       ///
+       FontList fontlist_;
+
        ///
        unsigned int id_;
        ///
        static unsigned int paragraph_id;
        ///
-       ParagraphParameters params;
-
-//private:
-       ///
-       pos_type size() const { return owner_->size(); }
-       /// match a string against a particular point in the paragraph
-       bool isTextAt(std::string const & str, pos_type pos) const;
+       ParagraphParameters params_;
 
        /// for recording and looking up changes
        Changes changes_;
 
-       /// Who owns us?
-       Paragraph * owner_;
-
        ///
        InsetList insetlist_;
-};
-
 
+       ///
+       LayoutPtr layout_;
 
+       /// end of label
+       pos_type begin_of_body_;
 
-using std::endl;
-using std::upper_bound;
-using std::lower_bound;
-using std::string;
+       typedef docstring TextContainer;
+       ///
+       TextContainer text_;
+};
 
 
 // Initialization of the counter for the paragraph id's,
-unsigned int Paragraph::Pimpl::paragraph_id = 0;
+unsigned int Paragraph::Private::paragraph_id = 0;
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -268,51 +223,47 @@ size_t const phrases_nr = sizeof(special_phrases)/sizeof(special_phrase);
 } // namespace anon
 
 
-Paragraph::Pimpl::Pimpl(Paragraph * owner)
-       : owner_(owner)
+Paragraph::Private::Private(Paragraph * owner)
+       : owner_(owner), inset_owner_(0), begin_of_body_(0)
 {
-       inset_owner = 0;
        id_ = paragraph_id++;
+       text_.reserve(100);
 }
 
 
-Paragraph::Pimpl::Pimpl(Pimpl const & p, Paragraph * owner)
-       : params(p.params), changes_(p.changes_), owner_(owner)
+Paragraph::Private::Private(Private const & p, Paragraph * owner)
+       : owner_(owner), inset_owner_(p.inset_owner_), fontlist_(p.fontlist_), 
+         params_(p.params_), changes_(p.changes_), insetlist_(p.insetlist_),
+         layout_(p.layout_), begin_of_body_(p.begin_of_body_), text_(p.text_)
 {
-       inset_owner = p.inset_owner;
-       fontlist = p.fontlist;
        id_ = paragraph_id++;
-       insetlist_ = p.insetlist_;
-       insetlist_.clone();
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::Pimpl::isChanged(pos_type start, pos_type end) const
+bool Paragraph::isChanged(pos_type start, pos_type end) const
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(start >= 0 && start <= size());
        BOOST_ASSERT(end > start && end <= size() + 1);
 
-       return changes_.isChanged(start, end);
+       return d->changes_.isChanged(start, end);
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::Pimpl::isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion(bool trackChanges) const {
+bool Paragraph::isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion(bool trackChanges) const
+{
        // keep the logic here in sync with the logic of eraseChars()
-
-       if (!trackChanges) {
+       if (!trackChanges)
                return true;
-       }
-
-       Change change = changes_.lookup(size());
 
+       Change const change = d->changes_.lookup(size());
        return change.type == Change::INSERTED && change.author == 0;
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::setChange(Change const & change)
+void Paragraph::setChange(Change const & change)
 {
        // beware of the imaginary end-of-par character!
-       changes_.set(change, 0, size() + 1);
+       d->changes_.set(change, 0, size() + 1);
 
        /*
         * Propagate the change recursively - but not in case of DELETED!
@@ -328,38 +279,34 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::setChange(Change const & change)
 
        if (change.type != Change::DELETED) {
                for (pos_type pos = 0; pos < size(); ++pos) {
-                       if (owner_->isInset(pos)) {
-                               owner_->getInset(pos)->setChange(change);
-                       }
+                       if (Inset * inset = getInset(pos))
+                               inset->setChange(change);
                }
        }
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::setChange(pos_type pos, Change const & change)
+void Paragraph::setChange(pos_type pos, Change const & change)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
-
-       changes_.set(change, pos);
+       d->changes_.set(change, pos);
 
        // see comment in setChange(Change const &) above
-
-       if (change.type != Change::DELETED &&
-           pos < size() && owner_->isInset(pos)) {
-               owner_->getInset(pos)->setChange(change);
-       }
+       if (change.type != Change::DELETED && pos < size())
+                       if (Inset * inset = getInset(pos))
+                               inset->setChange(change);
 }
 
 
-Change const & Paragraph::Pimpl::lookupChange(pos_type pos) const
+Change const & Paragraph::lookupChange(pos_type pos) const
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
-
-       return changes_.lookup(pos);
+       return d->changes_.lookup(pos);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end)
+void Paragraph::acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start,
+               pos_type end)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(start >= 0 && start <= size());
        BOOST_ASSERT(end > start && end <= size() + 1);
@@ -368,18 +315,15 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type star
                switch (lookupChange(pos).type) {
                        case Change::UNCHANGED:
                                // accept changes in nested inset
-                               if (pos < size() && owner_->isInset(pos)) {
-                                       owner_->getInset(pos)->acceptChanges(bparams);
-                               }
-
+                               if (Inset * inset = getInset(pos))
+                                       inset->acceptChanges(bparams);
                                break;
 
                        case Change::INSERTED:
-                               changes_.set(Change(Change::UNCHANGED), pos);
+                               d->changes_.set(Change(Change::UNCHANGED), pos);
                                // also accept changes in nested inset
-                               if (pos < size() && owner_->isInset(pos)) {
-                                       owner_->getInset(pos)->acceptChanges(bparams);
-                               }
+                               if (Inset * inset = getInset(pos))
+                                       inset->acceptChanges(bparams);
                                break;
 
                        case Change::DELETED:
@@ -397,7 +341,8 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type star
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end)
+void Paragraph::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams,
+               pos_type start, pos_type end)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(start >= 0 && start <= size());
        BOOST_ASSERT(end > start && end <= size() + 1);
@@ -406,9 +351,8 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type star
                switch (lookupChange(pos).type) {
                        case Change::UNCHANGED:
                                // reject changes in nested inset
-                               if (pos < size() && owner_->isInset(pos)) {
-                                       owner_->getInset(pos)->rejectChanges(bparams);
-                               }
+                               if (Inset * inset = getInset(pos))
+                                               inset->rejectChanges(bparams);
                                break;
 
                        case Change::INSERTED:
@@ -422,7 +366,7 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type star
                                break;
 
                        case Change::DELETED:
-                               changes_.set(Change(Change::UNCHANGED), pos);
+                               d->changes_.set(Change(Change::UNCHANGED), pos);
 
                                // Do NOT reject changes within a deleted inset!
                                // There may be insertions of a co-author inside of it!
@@ -433,67 +377,54 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type star
 }
 
 
-Paragraph::value_type Paragraph::Pimpl::getChar(pos_type pos) const
+void Paragraph::Private::insertChar(pos_type pos, char_type c,
+               Change const & change)
 {
-       BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
-
-       return owner_->getChar(pos);
-}
-
-
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::insertChar(pos_type pos, value_type c, Change const & change)
-{
-       BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
+       BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= int(text_.size()));
 
        // track change
        changes_.insert(change, pos);
 
        // This is actually very common when parsing buffers (and
        // maybe inserting ascii text)
-       if (pos == size()) {
+       if (pos == pos_type(text_.size())) {
                // when appending characters, no need to update tables
-               owner_->text_.push_back(c);
+               text_.push_back(c);
                return;
        }
 
-       owner_->text_.insert(owner_->text_.begin() + pos, c);
+       text_.insert(text_.begin() + pos, c);
 
        // Update the font table.
-       FontTable search_font(pos, Font());
-       for (FontList::iterator it
-             = lower_bound(fontlist.begin(), fontlist.end(), search_font, matchFT());
-            it != fontlist.end(); ++it)
-       {
-               it->pos(it->pos() + 1);
-       }
+       fontlist_.increasePosAfterPos(pos);
 
        // Update the insets
        insetlist_.increasePosAfterPos(pos);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset,
+void Paragraph::insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset,
                                   Change const & change)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(inset);
        BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
 
-       insertChar(pos, META_INSET, change);
-       BOOST_ASSERT(owner_->text_[pos] == META_INSET);
+       d->insertChar(pos, META_INSET, change);
+       BOOST_ASSERT(d->text_[pos] == META_INSET);
 
        // Add a new entry in the insetlist_.
-       insetlist_.insert(inset, pos);
+       d->insetlist_.insert(inset, pos);
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::Pimpl::eraseChar(pos_type pos, bool trackChanges)
+bool Paragraph::eraseChar(pos_type pos, bool trackChanges)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(pos >= 0 && pos <= size());
 
        // keep the logic here in sync with the logic of isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion()
 
        if (trackChanges) {
-               Change change = changes_.lookup(pos);
+               Change change = d->changes_.lookup(pos);
 
                // set the character to DELETED if
                //  a) it was previously unchanged or
@@ -517,53 +448,25 @@ bool Paragraph::Pimpl::eraseChar(pos_type pos, bool trackChanges)
        }
 
        // track change
-       changes_.erase(pos);
+       d->changes_.erase(pos);
 
        // if it is an inset, delete the inset entry
-       if (owner_->text_[pos] == Paragraph::META_INSET) {
-               insetlist_.erase(pos);
-       }
-
-       owner_->text_.erase(owner_->text_.begin() + pos);
-
-       // Erase entries in the tables.
-       FontTable search_font(pos, Font());
-
-       FontList::iterator it =
-               lower_bound(fontlist.begin(),
-                           fontlist.end(),
-                           search_font, matchFT());
-       if (it != fontlist.end() && it->pos() == pos &&
-           (pos == 0 ||
-            (it != fontlist.begin()
-             && boost::prior(it)->pos() == pos - 1))) {
-               // If it is a multi-character font
-               // entry, we just make it smaller
-               // (see update below), otherwise we
-               // should delete it.
-               unsigned int const i = it - fontlist.begin();
-               fontlist.erase(fontlist.begin() + i);
-               it = fontlist.begin() + i;
-               if (i > 0 && i < fontlist.size() &&
-                   fontlist[i - 1].font() == fontlist[i].font()) {
-                       fontlist.erase(fontlist.begin() + i - 1);
-                       it = fontlist.begin() + i - 1;
-               }
-       }
+       if (d->text_[pos] == META_INSET)
+               d->insetlist_.erase(pos);
+
+       d->text_.erase(d->text_.begin() + pos);
 
-       // Update all other entries
-       FontList::iterator fend = fontlist.end();
-       for (; it != fend; ++it)
-               it->pos(it->pos() - 1);
+       // Update the fontlist_
+       d->fontlist_.erase(pos);
 
        // Update the insetlist_
-       insetlist_.decreasePosAfterPos(pos);
+       d->insetlist_.decreasePosAfterPos(pos);
 
        return true;
 }
 
 
-int Paragraph::Pimpl::eraseChars(pos_type start, pos_type end, bool trackChanges)
+int Paragraph::eraseChars(pos_type start, pos_type end, bool trackChanges)
 {
        BOOST_ASSERT(start >= 0 && start <= size());
        BOOST_ASSERT(end >= start && end <= size() + 1);
@@ -577,8 +480,8 @@ int Paragraph::Pimpl::eraseChars(pos_type start, pos_type end, bool trackChanges
 }
 
 
-int Paragraph::Pimpl::latexSurrogatePair(odocstream & os, value_type c,
-               value_type next, Encoding const & encoding)
+int Paragraph::Private::latexSurrogatePair(odocstream & os, char_type c,
+               char_type next, Encoding const & encoding)
 {
        // Writing next here may circumvent a possible font change between
        // c and next. Since next is only output if it forms a surrogate pair
@@ -594,22 +497,22 @@ int Paragraph::Pimpl::latexSurrogatePair(odocstream & os, value_type c,
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::Pimpl::simpleTeXBlanks(Encoding const & encoding,
+bool Paragraph::Private::simpleTeXBlanks(OutputParams const & runparams,
                                       odocstream & os, TexRow & texrow,
-                                      pos_type i,
+                                      pos_type i,
                                       unsigned int & column,
                                       Font const & font,
                                       Layout const & style)
 {
-       if (style.pass_thru)
+       if (style.pass_thru || runparams.verbatim)
                return false;
 
-       if (i + 1 < size()) {
-               char_type next = getChar(i + 1);
+       if (i + 1 < int(text_.size())) {
+               char_type next = text_[i + 1];
                if (Encodings::isCombiningChar(next)) {
+                       Encoding const & encoding = *(runparams.encoding);
                        // This space has an accent, so we must always output it.
                        column += latexSurrogatePair(os, ' ', next, encoding) - 1;
-                       ++i;
                        return true;
                }
        }
@@ -617,17 +520,17 @@ bool Paragraph::Pimpl::simpleTeXBlanks(Encoding const & encoding,
        if (lyxrc.plaintext_linelen > 0
            && column > lyxrc.plaintext_linelen
            && i
-           && getChar(i - 1) != ' '
-           && (i + 1 < size())
+           && text_[i - 1] != ' '
+           && (i + 1 < int(text_.size()))
            // same in FreeSpacing mode
            && !owner_->isFreeSpacing()
            // In typewriter mode, we want to avoid
            // ! . ? : at the end of a line
-           && !(font.family() == Font::TYPEWRITER_FAMILY
-                && (getChar(i - 1) == '.'
-                    || getChar(i - 1) == '?'
-                    || getChar(i - 1) == ':'
-                    || getChar(i - 1) == '!'))) {
+           && !(font.fontInfo().family() == TYPEWRITER_FAMILY
+                && (text_[i - 1] == '.'
+                    || text_[i - 1] == '?'
+                    || text_[i - 1] == ':'
+                    || text_[i - 1] == '!'))) {
                os << '\n';
                texrow.newline();
                texrow.start(owner_->id(), i + 1);
@@ -641,33 +544,41 @@ bool Paragraph::Pimpl::simpleTeXBlanks(Encoding const & encoding,
 }
 
 
-int Paragraph::Pimpl::knownLangChars(odocstream & os,
-                                    value_type c,
-                                    string & preamble,
-                                    Change & runningChange,
-                                    Encoding const & encoding,
-                                    pos_type & i)
-{
-       // When the character is marked by the proper language, we simply
-       // get its code point in some encoding, otherwise we get the
-       // translation specified in the unicodesymbols file, which is
-       // something like "\textLANG{<spec>}". So, we have to retain
-       // "\textLANG{<spec>" for the first char but only "<spec>" for
-       // all subsequent chars.
-       docstring const latex1 = rtrim(encoding.latexChar(c), "}");
-       int length = latex1.length();
-       os << latex1;
-       while (i + 1 < size()) {
-               char_type next = getChar(i + 1);
-               // Stop here if next character belongs to another
-               // language or there is a change tracking status.
-               if (!Encodings::isKnownLangChar(next, preamble) ||
-                   runningChange != lookupChange(i + 1))
+int Paragraph::Private::writeScriptChars(odocstream & os,
+                                        docstring const & ltx,
+                                        Change & runningChange,
+                                        Encoding const & encoding,
+                                        pos_type & i)
+{
+       // FIXME: modifying i here is not very nice...
+
+       // We only arrive here when a proper language for character text_[i] has
+       // not been specified (i.e., it could not be translated in the current
+       // latex encoding) and it belongs to a known script.
+       // Parameter ltx contains the latex translation of text_[i] as specified in
+       // the unicodesymbols file and is something like "\textXXX{<spec>}".
+       // The latex macro name "textXXX" specifies the script to which text_[i]
+       // belongs and we use it in order to check whether characters from the
+       // same script immediately follow, such that we can collect them in a
+       // single "\textXXX" macro. So, we have to retain "\textXXX{<spec>"
+       // for the first char but only "<spec>" for all subsequent chars.
+       docstring::size_type const brace1 = ltx.find_first_of(from_ascii("{"));
+       docstring::size_type const brace2 = ltx.find_last_of(from_ascii("}"));
+       string script = to_ascii(ltx.substr(1, brace1 - 1));
+       int length = ltx.substr(0, brace2).length();
+       os << ltx.substr(0, brace2);
+       int size = text_.size();
+       while (i + 1 < size) {
+               char_type const next = text_[i + 1];
+               // Stop here if next character belongs to another script
+               // or there is a change in change tracking status.
+               if (!Encodings::isKnownScriptChar(next, script) ||
+                   runningChange != owner_->lookupChange(i + 1))
                        break;
                Font prev_font;
                bool found = false;
-               FontList::const_iterator cit = fontlist.begin();
-               FontList::const_iterator end = fontlist.end();
+               FontList::const_iterator cit = fontlist_.begin();
+               FontList::const_iterator end = fontlist_.end();
                for (; cit != end; ++cit) {
                        if (cit->pos() >= i && !found) {
                                prev_font = cit->font();
@@ -676,62 +587,46 @@ int Paragraph::Pimpl::knownLangChars(odocstream & os,
                        if (cit->pos() >= i + 1)
                                break;
                }
-               // Stop here if there is a font attribute change.
+               // Stop here if there is a font attribute or encoding change.
                if (found && cit != end && prev_font != cit->font())
                        break;
-               docstring const latex = rtrim(encoding.latexChar(next), "}");
-               docstring::size_type const j =
+               docstring const latex = encoding.latexChar(next);
+               docstring::size_type const b1 =
                                        latex.find_first_of(from_ascii("{"));
-               if (j == docstring::npos) {
-                       os << latex;
-                       length += latex.length();
-               } else {
-                       os << latex.substr(j + 1);
-                       length += latex.substr(j + 1).length();
-               }
+               docstring::size_type const b2 =
+                                       latex.find_last_of(from_ascii("}"));
+               int const len = b2 - b1 - 1;
+               os << latex.substr(b1 + 1, len);
+               length += len;
                ++i;
        }
-       // When the proper language is set, we are simply passed a code
-       // point, so we should not try to close the \textLANG command.
-       if (prefixIs(latex1, from_ascii("\\" + preamble))) {
-               os << '}';
-               ++length;
-       }
+       os << '}';
+       ++length;
        return length;
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::Pimpl::isTextAt(string const & str, pos_type pos) const
+bool Paragraph::Private::isTextAt(string const & str, pos_type pos) const
 {
        pos_type const len = str.length();
 
        // is the paragraph large enough?
-       if (pos + len > size())
+       if (pos + len > int(text_.size()))
                return false;
 
        // does the wanted text start at point?
        for (string::size_type i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
                // Caution: direct comparison of characters works only
                // because str is pure ASCII.
-               if (str[i] != owner_->text_[pos + i])
+               if (str[i] != text_[pos + i])
                        return false;
        }
 
-       // is there a font change in middle of the word?
-       FontList::const_iterator cit = fontlist.begin();
-       FontList::const_iterator end = fontlist.end();
-       for (; cit != end; ++cit) {
-               if (cit->pos() >= pos)
-                       break;
-       }
-       if (cit != end && pos + len - 1 > cit->pos())
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
+       return fontlist_.hasChangeInRange(pos, len);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::simpleTeXSpecialChars(Buffer const & buf,
+void Paragraph::Private::latexInset(Buffer const & buf,
                                             BufferParams const & bparams,
                                             odocstream & os,
                                             TexRow & texrow,
@@ -743,371 +638,363 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::simpleTeXSpecialChars(Buffer const & buf,
                                             Change & running_change,
                                             Layout const & style,
                                             pos_type & i,
-                                            unsigned int & column,
-                                            value_type const c)
+                                            unsigned int & column)
 {
+       Inset * inset = owner_->getInset(i);
+       BOOST_ASSERT(inset);
+
        if (style.pass_thru) {
-               if (c != Paragraph::META_INSET) {
-                       if (c != '\0')
-                               // FIXME UNICODE: This can fail if c cannot
-                               // be encoded in the current encoding.
-                               os.put(c);
-               } else
-                       owner_->getInset(i)->plaintext(buf, os, runparams);
+               inset->plaintext(buf, os, runparams);
                return;
        }
 
-       // Two major modes:  LaTeX or plain
-       // Handle here those cases common to both modes
-       // and then split to handle the two modes separately.
-       switch (c) {
-       case Paragraph::META_INSET: {
-               Inset * inset = owner_->getInset(i);
+       // FIXME: move this to InsetNewline::latex
+       if (inset->lyxCode() == NEWLINE_CODE) {
+               // newlines are handled differently here than
+               // the default in simpleTeXSpecialChars().
+               if (!style.newline_allowed) {
+                       os << '\n';
+               } else {
+                       if (open_font) {
+                               column += running_font.latexWriteEndChanges(
+                                       os, bparams, runparams,
+                                       basefont, basefont);
+                               open_font = false;
+                       }
 
-               // FIXME: remove this check
-               if (!inset)
-                       break;
+                       if (running_font.fontInfo().family() == TYPEWRITER_FAMILY)
+                               os << '~';
 
-               // FIXME: move this to InsetNewline::latex
-               if (inset->lyxCode() == NEWLINE_CODE) {
-                       // newlines are handled differently here than
-                       // the default in simpleTeXSpecialChars().
-                       if (!style.newline_allowed) {
-                               os << '\n';
-                       } else {
-                               if (open_font) {
-                                       column += running_font.latexWriteEndChanges(
-                                               os, bparams, runparams,
-                                               basefont, basefont);
-                                       open_font = false;
-                               }
+                       basefont = owner_->getLayoutFont(bparams, outerfont);
+                       running_font = basefont;
 
-                               if (running_font.family() == Font::TYPEWRITER_FAMILY)
-                                       os << '~';
+                       if (runparams.moving_arg)
+                               os << "\\protect ";
 
-                               basefont = owner_->getLayoutFont(bparams, outerfont);
-                               running_font = basefont;
+               }
+               texrow.newline();
+               texrow.start(owner_->id(), i + 1);
+               column = 0;
+       }
 
-                               if (runparams.moving_arg)
-                                       os << "\\protect ";
+       if (owner_->lookupChange(i).type == Change::DELETED) {
+               if( ++runparams.inDeletedInset == 1)
+                       runparams.changeOfDeletedInset = owner_->lookupChange(i);
+       }
 
-                               os << "\\\\\n";
-                       }
-                       texrow.newline();
-                       texrow.start(owner_->id(), i + 1);
-                       column = 0;
-                       break;
-               }
+       if (inset->canTrackChanges()) {
+               column += Changes::latexMarkChange(os, bparams, running_change,
+                       Change(Change::UNCHANGED));
+               running_change = Change(Change::UNCHANGED);
+       }
 
-               if (lookupChange(i).type == Change::DELETED) {
-                       if( ++runparams.inDeletedInset == 1)
-                               runparams.changeOfDeletedInset = lookupChange(i);
-               }
+       bool close = false;
+       odocstream::pos_type const len = os.tellp();
 
-               if (inset->canTrackChanges()) {
-                       column += Changes::latexMarkChange(os, bparams, running_change,
-                               Change(Change::UNCHANGED));
-                       running_change = Change(Change::UNCHANGED);
+       if (inset->forceLTR() 
+           && running_font.isRightToLeft()
+               // ERT is an exception, it should be output with no decorations at all
+               && inset->lyxCode() != ERT_CODE) {
+               if (running_font.language()->lang() == "farsi")
+                       os << "\\beginL{}";
+               else
+                       os << "\\L{";
+               close = true;
+       }
+
+       // FIXME: Bug: we can have an empty font change here!
+       // if there has just been a font change, we are going to close it
+       // right now, which means stupid latex code like \textsf{}. AFAIK,
+       // this does not harm dvi output. A minor bug, thus (JMarc)
+
+       // Some insets cannot be inside a font change command.
+       // However, even such insets *can* be placed in \L or \R
+       // or their equivalents (for RTL language switches), so we don't
+       // close the language in those cases.
+       // ArabTeX, though, cannot handle this special behavior, it seems.
+       bool arabtex = basefont.language()->lang() == "arabic_arabtex"
+               || running_font.language()->lang() == "arabic_arabtex";
+       if (open_font && inset->noFontChange()) {
+               bool closeLanguage = arabtex
+                       || basefont.isRightToLeft() == running_font.isRightToLeft();
+               unsigned int count = running_font.latexWriteEndChanges(os,
+                       bparams, runparams, basefont, basefont, closeLanguage);
+               column += count;
+               // if any font properties were closed, update the running_font, 
+               // making sure, however, to leave the language as it was
+               if (count > 0) {
+                       // FIXME: probably a better way to keep track of the old 
+                       // language, than copying the entire font?
+                       Font const copy_font(running_font);
+                       basefont = owner_->getLayoutFont(bparams, outerfont);
+                       running_font = basefont;
+                       if (!closeLanguage)
+                               running_font.setLanguage(copy_font.language());
+                       // leave font open if language is still open
+                       open_font = (running_font.language() == basefont.language());
+                       if (closeLanguage)
+                               runparams.local_font = &basefont;
                }
+       }
 
-               bool close = false;
-               odocstream::pos_type const len = os.tellp();
+       int tmp = inset->latex(buf, os, runparams);
 
-               if ((inset->lyxCode() == GRAPHICS_CODE
-                    || inset->lyxCode() == MATH_CODE
-                    || inset->lyxCode() == HYPERLINK_CODE)
-                   && running_font.isRightToLeft()) {
-                       if (running_font.language()->lang() == "farsi")
-                               os << "\\beginL{}";
-                       else
-                               os << "\\L{";
-                       close = true;
-               }
+       if (close) {
+       if (running_font.language()->lang() == "farsi")
+                       os << "\\endL{}";
+               else
+                       os << '}';
+       }
 
-// FIXME: Bug: we can have an empty font change here!
-// if there has just been a font change, we are going to close it
-// right now, which means stupid latex code like \textsf{}. AFAIK,
-// this does not harm dvi output. A minor bug, thus (JMarc)
-               // Some insets cannot be inside a font change command.
-               // However, even such insets *can* be placed in \L or \R
-               // or their equivalents (for RTL language switches), so we don't
-               // close the language in those cases.
-               // ArabTeX, though, cannot handle this special behavior, it seems.
-               bool arabtex = basefont.language()->lang() == "arabic_arabtex" ||
-                                          running_font.language()->lang() == "arabic_arabtex";
-               if (open_font && inset->noFontChange()) {
-                       bool closeLanguage = arabtex ||
-                               basefont.isRightToLeft() == running_font.isRightToLeft();
-                       unsigned int count = running_font.latexWriteEndChanges(
-                                       os, bparams, runparams,
-                                               basefont, basefont, closeLanguage);
-                       column += count;
-                       // if any font properties were closed, update the running_font, 
-                       // making sure, however, to leave the language as it was
-                       if (count > 0) {
-                               // FIXME: probably a better way to keep track of the old 
-                               // language, than copying the entire font?
-                               Font const copy_font(running_font);
-                               basefont = owner_->getLayoutFont(bparams, outerfont);
-                               running_font = basefont;
-                               if (!closeLanguage)
-                                       running_font.setLanguage(copy_font.language());
-                               // leave font open if language is still open
-                               open_font = (running_font.language() == basefont.language());
-                               if (closeLanguage)
-                                       runparams.local_font = &basefont;
-                       }
-               }
+       if (tmp) {
+               for (int j = 0; j < tmp; ++j)
+                       texrow.newline();
 
-               int tmp = inset->latex(buf, os, runparams);
+               texrow.start(owner_->id(), i + 1);
+               column = 0;
+       } else {
+               column += os.tellp() - len;
+       }
 
-               if (close) {
-                       if (running_font.language()->lang() == "farsi")
-                               os << "\\endL{}";
-                       else
-                               os << '}';
-               }
+       if (owner_->lookupChange(i).type == Change::DELETED)
+               --runparams.inDeletedInset;
+}
 
-               if (tmp) {
-                       for (int j = 0; j < tmp; ++j) {
-                               texrow.newline();
-                       }
-                       texrow.start(owner_->id(), i + 1);
-                       column = 0;
-               } else {
-                       column += os.tellp() - len;
-               }
 
-               if (lookupChange(i).type == Change::DELETED) {
-                       --runparams.inDeletedInset;
-               }
+void Paragraph::Private::latexSpecialChar(
+                                            odocstream & os,
+                                            OutputParams & runparams,
+                                            Font & running_font,
+                                            Change & running_change,
+                                            Layout const & style,
+                                            pos_type & i,
+                                            unsigned int & column)
+{
+       char_type const c = text_[i];
+
+       if (style.pass_thru) {
+               if (c != '\0')
+                       // FIXME UNICODE: This can fail if c cannot
+                       // be encoded in the current encoding.
+                       os.put(c);
+               return;
        }
-       break;
 
-       default:
-               // And now for the special cases within each mode
+       if (runparams.verbatim) {
+               os.put(c);
+               return;
+       }
 
-               switch (c) {
-               case '\\':
-                       os << "\\textbackslash{}";
-                       column += 15;
-                       break;
+       if (lyxrc.fontenc == "T1" && latexSpecialT1(c, os, i, column))
+               return;
 
-               case '|': case '<': case '>':
-                       // In T1 encoding, these characters exist
-                       if (lyxrc.fontenc == "T1") {
-                               os.put(c);
-                               //... but we should avoid ligatures
-                               if ((c == '>' || c == '<')
-                                   && i <= size() - 2
-                                   && getChar(i + 1) == c) {
-                                       //os << "\\textcompwordmark{}";
-                                       //column += 19;
-                                       // Jean-Marc, have a look at
-                                       // this. I think this works
-                                       // equally well:
-                                       os << "\\,{}";
-                                       // Lgb
-                                       column += 3;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       // Typewriter font also has them
-                       if (running_font.family() == Font::TYPEWRITER_FAMILY) {
-                               os.put(c);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       // Otherwise, we use what LaTeX
-                       // provides us.
-                       switch (c) {
-                       case '<':
-                               os << "\\textless{}";
-                               column += 10;
-                               break;
-                       case '>':
-                               os << "\\textgreater{}";
-                               column += 13;
-                               break;
-                       case '|':
-                               os << "\\textbar{}";
-                               column += 9;
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       break;
+       if (running_font.fontInfo().family() == TYPEWRITER_FAMILY
+               && latexSpecialTypewriter(c, os, i, column))
+               return;
 
-               case '-': // "--" in Typewriter mode -> "-{}-"
-                       if (i <= size() - 2 &&
-                           getChar(i + 1) == '-' &&
-                           running_font.family() == Font::TYPEWRITER_FAMILY) {
-                               os << "-{}";
-                               column += 2;
-                       } else {
-                               os << '-';
-                       }
-                       break;
+       // Otherwise, we use what LaTeX provides us.
+       switch (c) {
+       case '\\':
+               os << "\\textbackslash{}";
+               column += 15;
+               break;
+       case '<':
+               os << "\\textless{}";
+               column += 10;
+               break;
+       case '>':
+               os << "\\textgreater{}";
+               column += 13;
+               break;
+       case '|':
+               os << "\\textbar{}";
+               column += 9;
+               break;
+       case '-':
+               os << '-';
+               break;
+       case '\"':
+               os << "\\char`\\\"{}";
+               column += 9;
+               break;
 
-               case '\"':
-                       os << "\\char`\\\"{}";
-                       column += 9;
-                       break;
+       case '$': case '&':
+       case '%': case '#': case '{':
+       case '}': case '_':
+               os << '\\';
+               os.put(c);
+               column += 1;
+               break;
 
-               case '$': case '&':
-               case '%': case '#': case '{':
-               case '}': case '_':
-                       os << '\\';
-                       os.put(c);
-                       column += 1;
-                       break;
+       case '~':
+               os << "\\textasciitilde{}";
+               column += 16;
+               break;
 
-               case '~':
-                       os << "\\textasciitilde{}";
-                       column += 16;
-                       break;
+       case '^':
+               os << "\\textasciicircum{}";
+               column += 17;
+               break;
 
-               case '^':
-                       os << "\\textasciicircum{}";
-                       column += 17;
-                       break;
+       case '*': case '[':
+               // avoid being mistaken for optional arguments
+               os << '{';
+               os.put(c);
+               os << '}';
+               column += 2;
+               break;
 
-               case '*': case '[':
-                       // avoid being mistaken for optional arguments
-                       os << '{';
-                       os.put(c);
-                       os << '}';
-                       column += 2;
-                       break;
+       case ' ':
+               // Blanks are printed before font switching.
+               // Sure? I am not! (try nice-latex)
+               // I am sure it's correct. LyX might be smarter
+               // in the future, but for now, nothing wrong is
+               // written. (Asger)
+               break;
 
-               case ' ':
-                       // Blanks are printed before font switching.
-                       // Sure? I am not! (try nice-latex)
-                       // I am sure it's correct. LyX might be smarter
-                       // in the future, but for now, nothing wrong is
-                       // written. (Asger)
-                       break;
+       default:
 
-               default:
+               // LyX, LaTeX etc.
+               if (latexSpecialPhrase(os, i, column, runparams))
+                       return;
 
-                       // I assume this is hack treating typewriter as verbatim
-                       // FIXME UNICODE: This can fail if c cannot be encoded
-                       // in the current encoding.
-                       if (running_font.family() == Font::TYPEWRITER_FAMILY) {
-                               if (c != '\0') {
-                                       os.put(c);
-                               }
+               if (c == '\0')
+                       return;
+
+               Encoding const & encoding = *(runparams.encoding);
+               if (i + 1 < int(text_.size())) {
+                       char_type next = text_[i + 1];
+                       if (Encodings::isCombiningChar(next)) {
+                               column += latexSurrogatePair(os, c, next, encoding) - 1;
+                               ++i;
                                break;
                        }
+               }
+               string script;
+               docstring const latex = encoding.latexChar(c);
+               if (Encodings::isKnownScriptChar(c, script)
+                   && prefixIs(latex, from_ascii("\\" + script)))
+                       column += writeScriptChars(os, latex,
+                                       running_change, encoding, i) - 1;
+               else if (latex.length() > 1 && latex[latex.length() - 1] != '}') {
+                       // Prevent eating of a following
+                       // space or command corruption by
+                       // following characters
+                       column += latex.length() + 1;
+                       os << latex << "{}";
+               } else {
+                       column += latex.length() - 1;
+                       os << latex;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+}
 
-                       // LyX, LaTeX etc.
 
-                       // FIXME: if we have "LaTeX" with a font
-                       // change in the middle (before the 'T', then
-                       // the "TeX" part is still special cased.
-                       // Really we should only operate this on
-                       // "words" for some definition of word
+bool Paragraph::Private::latexSpecialT1(char_type const c, odocstream & os,
+       pos_type & i, unsigned int & column)
+{
+       switch (c) {
+       case '>':
+       case '<':
+               os.put(c);
+               // In T1 encoding, these characters exist
+               // but we should avoid ligatures
+               if (i + 1 >= int(text_.size()) || text_[i + 1] != c)
+                       return true;
+               os << "\\,{}";
+               column += 3;
+               // Alternative code:
+               //os << "\\textcompwordmark{}";
+               //column += 19;
+               return true;
+       case '|':
+               os.put(c);
+               return true;
+       default:
+               return false;
+       }
+}
 
-                       size_t pnr = 0;
 
-                       for (; pnr < phrases_nr; ++pnr) {
-                               if (isTextAt(special_phrases[pnr].phrase, i)) {
-                                       os << special_phrases[pnr].macro;
-                                       i += special_phrases[pnr].phrase.length() - 1;
-                                       column += special_phrases[pnr].macro.length() - 1;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       }
+bool Paragraph::Private::latexSpecialTypewriter(char_type const c, odocstream & os,
+       pos_type & i, unsigned int & column)
+{
+       switch (c) {
+       case '-':
+               if (i + 1 < int(text_.size()) && text_[i + 1] == '-') {
+                       // "--" in Typewriter mode -> "-{}-"
+                       os << "-{}";
+                       column += 2;
+               } else
+                       os << '-';
+               return true;
 
-                       if (pnr == phrases_nr && c != '\0') {
-                               Encoding const & encoding = *(runparams.encoding);
-                               if (i + 1 < size()) {
-                                       char_type next = getChar(i + 1);
-                                       if (Encodings::isCombiningChar(next)) {
-                                               column += latexSurrogatePair(os, c, next, encoding) - 1;
-                                               ++i;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               string preamble;
-                               if (Encodings::isKnownLangChar(c, preamble)) {
-                                       column +=
-                                               knownLangChars(os, c, preamble,
-                                                       running_change,
-                                                       encoding, i) - 1;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                               docstring const latex = encoding.latexChar(c);
-                               if (latex.length() > 1 &&
-                                   latex[latex.length() - 1] != '}') {
-                                       // Prevent eating of a following
-                                       // space or command corruption by
-                                       // following characters
-                                       column += latex.length() + 1;
-                                       os << latex << "{}";
-                               } else {
-                                       column += latex.length() - 1;
-                                       os << latex;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
+       // I assume this is hack treating typewriter as verbatim
+       // FIXME UNICODE: This can fail if c cannot be encoded
+       // in the current encoding.
+
+       case '\0':
+               return true;
+
+       // Those characters are not directly supported.
+       case '\\':
+       case '\"':
+       case '$': case '&':
+       case '%': case '#': case '{':
+       case '}': case '_':
+       case '~':
+       case '^':
+       case '*': case '[':
+       case ' ':
+               return false;
+
+       default:
+               // With Typewriter font, these characters exist.
+               os.put(c);
+               return true;
        }
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::Pimpl::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features,
-                               Layout const & layout) const
+bool Paragraph::Private::latexSpecialPhrase(odocstream & os, pos_type & i,
+       unsigned int & column, OutputParams & runparams)
 {
-       BufferParams const & bparams = features.bufferParams();
+       // FIXME: if we have "LaTeX" with a font
+       // change in the middle (before the 'T', then
+       // the "TeX" part is still special cased.
+       // Really we should only operate this on
+       // "words" for some definition of word
+
+       for (size_t pnr = 0; pnr < phrases_nr; ++pnr) {
+               if (!isTextAt(special_phrases[pnr].phrase, i))
+                       continue;
+               if (runparams.moving_arg)
+                       os << "\\protect";
+               os << special_phrases[pnr].macro;
+               i += special_phrases[pnr].phrase.length() - 1;
+               column += special_phrases[pnr].macro.length() - 1;
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
 
+void Paragraph::Private::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features,
+                               Layout const & layout) const
+{
        // check the params.
-       if (!params.spacing().isDefault())
+       if (!params_.spacing().isDefault())
                features.require("setspace");
 
        // then the layouts
        features.useLayout(layout.name());
 
        // then the fonts
-       Language const * doc_language = bparams.language;
-
-       FontList::const_iterator fcit = fontlist.begin();
-       FontList::const_iterator fend = fontlist.end();
-       for (; fcit != fend; ++fcit) {
-               if (fcit->font().noun() == Font::ON) {
-                       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "font.noun: "
-                                            << fcit->font().noun()
-                                            << endl;
-                       features.require("noun");
-                       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "Noun enabled. Font: "
-                                            << to_utf8(fcit->font().stateText(0))
-                                            << endl;
-               }
-               switch (fcit->font().color()) {
-               case Color::none:
-               case Color::inherit:
-               case Color::ignore:
-                       // probably we should put here all interface colors used for
-                       // font displaying! For now I just add this ones I know of (Jug)
-               case Color::latex:
-               case Color::note:
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       features.require("color");
-                       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "Color enabled. Font: "
-                                            << to_utf8(fcit->font().stateText(0))
-                                            << endl;
-               }
+       fontlist_.validate(features);
 
-               Language const * language = fcit->font().language();
-               if (language->babel() != doc_language->babel() &&
-                   language != ignore_language &&
-                   language != latex_language)
-               {
-                       features.useLanguage(language);
-                       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "Found language "
-                                            << language->lang() << endl;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (!params.leftIndent().zero())
+       // then the indentation
+       if (!params_.leftIndent().zero())
                features.require("ParagraphLeftIndent");
 
        // then the insets
@@ -1123,7 +1010,7 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features,
        }
 
        // then the contents
-       for (pos_type i = 0; i < size() ; ++i) {
+       for (pos_type i = 0; i < int(text_.size()) ; ++i) {
                for (size_t pnr = 0; pnr < phrases_nr; ++pnr) {
                        if (!special_phrases[pnr].builtin
                            && isTextAt(special_phrases[pnr].phrase, i)) {
@@ -1131,50 +1018,39 @@ void Paragraph::Pimpl::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features,
                                break;
                        }
                }
-               Encodings::validate(getChar(i), features);
+               Encodings::validate(text_[i], features);
        }
 }
 
-
-} // namespace lyx
-
-
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //
 // Paragraph
 //
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-namespace lyx {
-
 Paragraph::Paragraph()
-       : begin_of_body_(0), pimpl_(new Paragraph::Pimpl(this))
+       : d(new Paragraph::Private(this))
 {
        itemdepth = 0;
-       params().clear();
+       d->params_.clear();
 }
 
 
 Paragraph::Paragraph(Paragraph const & par)
        : itemdepth(par.itemdepth),
-       layout_(par.layout_),
-       text_(par.text_), begin_of_body_(par.begin_of_body_),
-       pimpl_(new Paragraph::Pimpl(*par.pimpl_, this))
+       d(new Paragraph::Private(*par.d, this))
 {
 }
 
 
 Paragraph & Paragraph::operator=(Paragraph const & par)
 {
-       // needed as we will destroy the pimpl_ before copying it
+       // needed as we will destroy the private part before copying it
        if (&par != this) {
                itemdepth = par.itemdepth;
-               layout_ = par.layout();
-               text_ = par.text_;
-               begin_of_body_ = par.begin_of_body_;
 
-               delete pimpl_;
-               pimpl_ = new Pimpl(*par.pimpl_, this);
+               delete d;
+               d = new Private(*par.d, this);
        }
        return *this;
 }
@@ -1182,10 +1058,7 @@ Paragraph & Paragraph::operator=(Paragraph const & par)
 
 Paragraph::~Paragraph()
 {
-       delete pimpl_;
-       //
-       //lyxerr << "Paragraph::paragraph_id = "
-       //       << Paragraph::paragraph_id << endl;
+       delete d;
 }
 
 
@@ -1213,14 +1086,14 @@ void Paragraph::write(Buffer const & buf, ostream & os,
 
        params().write(os);
 
-       Font font1(Font::ALL_INHERIT, bparams.language);
+       Font font1(inherit_font, bparams.language);
 
        Change running_change = Change(Change::UNCHANGED);
 
        int column = 0;
        for (pos_type i = 0; i <= size(); ++i) {
 
-               Change change = pimpl_->lookupChange(i);
+               Change change = lookupChange(i);
                Changes::lyxMarkChange(os, column, running_change, change);
                running_change = change;
 
@@ -1235,12 +1108,10 @@ void Paragraph::write(Buffer const & buf, ostream & os,
                        font1 = font2;
                }
 
-               value_type const c = getChar(i);
+               char_type const c = d->text_[i];
                switch (c) {
                case META_INSET:
-               {
-                       Inset const * inset = getInset(i);
-                       if (inset)
+                       if (Inset const * inset = getInset(i)) {
                                if (inset->directWrite()) {
                                        // international char, let it write
                                        // code directly so it's shorter in
@@ -1254,14 +1125,14 @@ void Paragraph::write(Buffer const & buf, ostream & os,
                                        os << "\n\\end_inset\n\n";
                                        column = 0;
                                }
-               }
-               break;
+                       }
+                       break;
                case '\\':
                        os << "\n\\backslash\n";
                        column = 0;
                        break;
                case '.':
-                       if (i + 1 < size() && getChar(i + 1) == ' ') {
+                       if (i + 1 < size() && d->text_[i + 1] == ' ') {
                                os << ".\n";
                                column = 0;
                        } else
@@ -1275,11 +1146,9 @@ void Paragraph::write(Buffer const & buf, ostream & os,
                        }
                        // this check is to amend a bug. LyX sometimes
                        // inserts '\0' this could cause problems.
-                       if (c != '\0') {
-                               std::vector<char> tmp = ucs4_to_utf8(c);
-                               tmp.push_back('\0');
-                               os << &tmp[0];
-                       } else
+                       if (c != '\0')
+                               os << to_utf8(docstring(1, c));
+                       else
                                lyxerr << "ERROR (Paragraph::writeFile):"
                                        " NULL char in structure." << endl;
                        ++column;
@@ -1293,66 +1162,81 @@ void Paragraph::write(Buffer const & buf, ostream & os,
 
 void Paragraph::validate(LaTeXFeatures & features) const
 {
-       pimpl_->validate(features, *layout());
+       d->validate(features, *layout());
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::eraseChar(pos_type pos, bool trackChanges)
+void Paragraph::insert(pos_type start, docstring const & str,
+                      Font const & font, Change const & change)
 {
-       return pimpl_->eraseChar(pos, trackChanges);
+       for (size_t i = 0, n = str.size(); i != n ; ++i)
+               insertChar(start + i, str[i], font, change);
 }
 
 
-int Paragraph::eraseChars(pos_type start, pos_type end, bool trackChanges)
+void Paragraph::appendChar(char_type c, Font const & font,
+               Change const & change)
 {
-       return pimpl_->eraseChars(start, end, trackChanges);
+       // track change
+       d->changes_.insert(change, d->text_.size());
+       // when appending characters, no need to update tables
+       d->text_.push_back(c);
+       setFont(d->text_.size() - 1, font);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::insert(pos_type start, docstring const & str,
-                      Font const & font, Change const & change)
+void Paragraph::appendString(docstring const & s, Font const & font,
+               Change const & change)
 {
-       for (size_t i = 0, n = str.size(); i != n ; ++i)
-               insertChar(start + i, str[i], font, change);
+       pos_type end = s.size();
+       size_t oldsize = d->text_.size();
+       size_t newsize = oldsize + end;
+       size_t capacity = d->text_.capacity();
+       if (newsize >= capacity)
+               d->text_.reserve(max(capacity + 100, newsize));
+
+       // when appending characters, no need to update tables
+       d->text_.append(s);
+
+       // FIXME: Optimize this!
+       for (pos_type i = 0; i != end; ++i) {
+               // track change
+               d->changes_.insert(change, i);
+       }
+       d->fontlist_.set(oldsize, font);
+       d->fontlist_.set(newsize - 1, font);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, Paragraph::value_type c,
+void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, char_type c,
                           bool trackChanges)
 {
-       pimpl_->insertChar(pos, c, Change(trackChanges ?
+       d->insertChar(pos, c, Change(trackChanges ?
                           Change::INSERTED : Change::UNCHANGED));
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, Paragraph::value_type c,
+void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, char_type c,
                           Font const & font, bool trackChanges)
 {
-       pimpl_->insertChar(pos, c, Change(trackChanges ?
+       d->insertChar(pos, c, Change(trackChanges ?
                           Change::INSERTED : Change::UNCHANGED));
        setFont(pos, font);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, Paragraph::value_type c,
+void Paragraph::insertChar(pos_type pos, char_type c,
                           Font const & font, Change const & change)
 {
-       pimpl_->insertChar(pos, c, change);
+       d->insertChar(pos, c, change);
        setFont(pos, font);
 }
 
 
-void Paragraph::insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset,
-                           Change const & change)
-{
-       pimpl_->insertInset(pos, inset, change);
-}
-
-
 void Paragraph::insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset,
                            Font const & font, Change const & change)
 {
-       pimpl_->insertInset(pos, inset, change);
+       insertInset(pos, inset, change);
        // Set the font/language of the inset...
        setFont(pos, font);
 }
@@ -1360,10 +1244,17 @@ void Paragraph::insertInset(pos_type pos, Inset * inset,
 
 bool Paragraph::insetAllowed(InsetCode code)
 {
-       return !pimpl_->inset_owner || pimpl_->inset_owner->insetAllowed(code);
+       return !d->inset_owner_ || d->inset_owner_->insetAllowed(code);
 }
 
 
+void Paragraph::resetFonts(Font const & font)
+{
+       d->fontlist_.clear();
+       d->fontlist_.set(0, font);
+       d->fontlist_.set(d->text_.size() - 1, font);
+}
+
 // Gets uninstantiated font setting at position.
 Font const Paragraph::getFontSettings(BufferParams const & bparams,
                                         pos_type pos) const
@@ -1373,19 +1264,14 @@ Font const Paragraph::getFontSettings(BufferParams const & bparams,
                BOOST_ASSERT(pos <= size());
        }
 
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator cit = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator end = pimpl_->fontlist.end();
-       for (; cit != end; ++cit)
-               if (cit->pos() >= pos)
-                       break;
-
-       if (cit != end)
+       FontList::const_iterator cit = d->fontlist_.fontIterator(pos);
+       if (cit != d->fontlist_.end())
                return cit->font();
 
        if (pos == size() && !empty())
                return getFontSettings(bparams, pos - 1);
 
-       return Font(Font::ALL_INHERIT, getParLanguage(bparams));
+       return Font(inherit_font, getParLanguage(bparams));
 }
 
 
@@ -1394,16 +1280,16 @@ FontSpan Paragraph::fontSpan(pos_type pos) const
        BOOST_ASSERT(pos <= size());
        pos_type start = 0;
 
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator cit = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator end = pimpl_->fontlist.end();
+       FontList::const_iterator cit = d->fontlist_.begin();
+       FontList::const_iterator end = d->fontlist_.end();
        for (; cit != end; ++cit) {
                if (cit->pos() >= pos) {
                        if (pos >= beginOfBody())
-                               return FontSpan(std::max(start, beginOfBody()),
+                               return FontSpan(max(start, beginOfBody()),
                                                cit->pos());
                        else
                                return FontSpan(start,
-                                               std::min(beginOfBody() - 1,
+                                               min(beginOfBody() - 1,
                                                         cit->pos()));
                }
                start = cit->pos() + 1;
@@ -1419,10 +1305,10 @@ FontSpan Paragraph::fontSpan(pos_type pos) const
 // Gets uninstantiated font setting at position 0
 Font const Paragraph::getFirstFontSettings(BufferParams const & bparams) const
 {
-       if (!empty() && !pimpl_->fontlist.empty())
-               return pimpl_->fontlist[0].font();
+       if (!empty() && !d->fontlist_.empty())
+               return d->fontlist_.begin()->font();
 
-       return Font(Font::ALL_INHERIT, bparams.language);
+       return Font(inherit_font, bparams.language);
 }
 
 
@@ -1440,12 +1326,12 @@ Font const Paragraph::getFont(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type pos,
 
        pos_type const body_pos = beginOfBody();
        if (pos < body_pos)
-               font.realize(layout_->labelfont);
+               font.fontInfo().realize(d->layout_->labelfont);
        else
-               font.realize(layout_->font);
+               font.fontInfo().realize(d->layout_->font);
 
-       font.realize(outerfont);
-       font.realize(bparams.getFont());
+       font.fontInfo().realize(outerfont.fontInfo());
+       font.fontInfo().realize(bparams.getFont().fontInfo());
 
        return font;
 }
@@ -1454,68 +1340,39 @@ Font const Paragraph::getFont(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type pos,
 Font const Paragraph::getLabelFont
        (BufferParams const & bparams, Font const & outerfont) const
 {
-       Font tmpfont = layout()->labelfont;
-       tmpfont.setLanguage(getParLanguage(bparams));
-       tmpfont.realize(outerfont);
-       tmpfont.realize(bparams.getFont());
-       return tmpfont;
+       FontInfo tmpfont = layout()->labelfont;
+       tmpfont.realize(outerfont.fontInfo());
+       tmpfont.realize(bparams.getFont().fontInfo());
+       return Font(tmpfont, getParLanguage(bparams));
 }
 
 
 Font const Paragraph::getLayoutFont
        (BufferParams const & bparams, Font const & outerfont) const
 {
-       Font tmpfont = layout()->font;
-       tmpfont.setLanguage(getParLanguage(bparams));
-       tmpfont.realize(outerfont);
-       tmpfont.realize(bparams.getFont());
-       return tmpfont;
+       FontInfo tmpfont = layout()->font;
+       tmpfont.realize(outerfont.fontInfo());
+       tmpfont.realize(bparams.getFont().fontInfo());
+       return Font(tmpfont, getParLanguage(bparams));
 }
 
 
 /// Returns the height of the highest font in range
-Font_size Paragraph::highestFontInRange
-       (pos_type startpos, pos_type endpos, Font_size def_size) const
+FontSize Paragraph::highestFontInRange
+       (pos_type startpos, pos_type endpos, FontSize def_size) const
 {
-       if (pimpl_->fontlist.empty())
-               return def_size;
-
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator end_it = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator const end = pimpl_->fontlist.end();
-       for (; end_it != end; ++end_it) {
-               if (end_it->pos() >= endpos)
-                       break;
-       }
-
-       if (end_it != end)
-               ++end_it;
-
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator cit = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       for (; cit != end; ++cit) {
-               if (cit->pos() >= startpos)
-                       break;
-       }
-
-       Font::FONT_SIZE maxsize = Font::SIZE_TINY;
-       for (; cit != end_it; ++cit) {
-               Font::FONT_SIZE size = cit->font().size();
-               if (size == Font::INHERIT_SIZE)
-                       size = def_size;
-               if (size > maxsize && size <= Font::SIZE_HUGER)
-                       maxsize = size;
-       }
-       return maxsize;
+       return d->fontlist_.highestInRange(startpos, endpos, def_size);
 }
 
 
-Paragraph::value_type
+char_type
 Paragraph::getUChar(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type pos) const
 {
-       value_type c = getChar(pos);
+       char_type c = d->text_[pos];
        if (!lyxrc.rtl_support)
                return c;
 
-       value_type uc = c;
+       char_type uc = c;
        switch (c) {
        case '(':
                uc = ')';
@@ -1556,59 +1413,8 @@ void Paragraph::setFont(pos_type pos, Font const & font)
        // First, reduce font against layout/label font
        // Update: The setCharFont() routine in text2.cpp already
        // reduces font, so we don't need to do that here. (Asger)
-       // No need to simplify this because it will disappear
-       // in a new kernel. (Asger)
-       // Next search font table
-
-       Pimpl::FontList::iterator beg = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       Pimpl::FontList::iterator it = beg;
-       Pimpl::FontList::iterator endit = pimpl_->fontlist.end();
-       for (; it != endit; ++it) {
-               if (it->pos() >= pos)
-                       break;
-       }
-       size_t const i = distance(beg, it);
-       bool notfound = (it == endit);
-
-       if (!notfound && pimpl_->fontlist[i].font() == font)
-               return;
-
-       bool begin = pos == 0 || notfound ||
-               (i > 0 && pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].pos() == pos - 1);
-       // Is position pos is a beginning of a font block?
-       bool end = !notfound && pimpl_->fontlist[i].pos() == pos;
-       // Is position pos is the end of a font block?
-       if (begin && end) { // A single char block
-               if (i + 1 < pimpl_->fontlist.size() &&
-                   pimpl_->fontlist[i + 1].font() == font) {
-                       // Merge the singleton block with the next block
-                       pimpl_->fontlist.erase(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i);
-                       if (i > 0 && pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].font() == font)
-                               pimpl_->fontlist.erase(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i - 1);
-               } else if (i > 0 && pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].font() == font) {
-                       // Merge the singleton block with the previous block
-                       pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].pos(pos);
-                       pimpl_->fontlist.erase(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i);
-               } else
-                       pimpl_->fontlist[i].font(font);
-       } else if (begin) {
-               if (i > 0 && pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].font() == font)
-                       pimpl_->fontlist[i - 1].pos(pos);
-               else
-                       pimpl_->fontlist.insert(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i,
-                                       Pimpl::FontTable(pos, font));
-       } else if (end) {
-               pimpl_->fontlist[i].pos(pos - 1);
-               if (!(i + 1 < pimpl_->fontlist.size() &&
-                     pimpl_->fontlist[i + 1].font() == font))
-                       pimpl_->fontlist.insert(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i + 1,
-                                       Pimpl::FontTable(pos, font));
-       } else { // The general case. The block is splitted into 3 blocks
-               pimpl_->fontlist.insert(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i,
-                               Pimpl::FontTable(pos - 1, pimpl_->fontlist[i].font()));
-               pimpl_->fontlist.insert(pimpl_->fontlist.begin() + i + 1,
-                               Pimpl::FontTable(pos, font));
-       }
+       
+       d->fontlist_.set(pos, font);
 }
 
 
@@ -1616,7 +1422,7 @@ void Paragraph::makeSameLayout(Paragraph const & par)
 {
        layout(par.layout());
        // move to pimpl?
-       params() = par.params();
+       d->params_ = par.params();
 }
 
 
@@ -1641,7 +1447,7 @@ bool Paragraph::stripLeadingSpaces(bool trackChanges)
 
 bool Paragraph::hasSameLayout(Paragraph const & par) const
 {
-       return par.layout() == layout() && params().sameLayout(par.params());
+       return par.layout() == layout() && d->params_.sameLayout(par.params());
 }
 
 
@@ -1694,7 +1500,7 @@ void Paragraph::setLabelWidthString(docstring const & s)
 docstring const Paragraph::translateIfPossible(docstring const & s,
                BufferParams const & bparams) const
 {
-       if (!support::isAscii(s) || s.empty()) {
+       if (!isAscii(s) || s.empty()) {
                // This must be a user defined layout. We cannot translate
                // this, since gettext accepts only ascii keys.
                return s;
@@ -1756,14 +1562,14 @@ void Paragraph::applyLayout(LayoutPtr const & new_layout)
 
 pos_type Paragraph::beginOfBody() const
 {
-       return begin_of_body_;
+       return d->begin_of_body_;
 }
 
 
 void Paragraph::setBeginOfBody()
 {
        if (layout()->labeltype != LABEL_MANUAL) {
-               begin_of_body_ = 0;
+               d->begin_of_body_ = 0;
                return;
        }
 
@@ -1777,11 +1583,11 @@ void Paragraph::setBeginOfBody()
                char_type previous_char = 0;
                char_type temp = 0;
                if (i < end) {
-                       previous_char = text_[i];
+                       previous_char = d->text_[i];
                        if (!isNewline(i)) {
                                ++i;
                                while (i < end && previous_char != ' ') {
-                                       temp = text_[i];
+                                       temp = d->text_[i];
                                        if (isNewline(i))
                                                break;
                                        ++i;
@@ -1791,31 +1597,7 @@ void Paragraph::setBeginOfBody()
                }
        }
 
-       begin_of_body_ = i;
-}
-
-
-// returns -1 if inset not found
-int Paragraph::getPositionOfInset(Inset const * inset) const
-{
-       // Find the entry.
-       InsetList::const_iterator it = pimpl_->insetlist_.begin();
-       InsetList::const_iterator end = pimpl_->insetlist_.end();
-       for (; it != end; ++it)
-               if (it->inset == inset)
-                       return it->pos;
-       return -1;
-}
-
-
-InsetBibitem * Paragraph::bibitem() const
-{
-       if (!pimpl_->insetlist_.empty()) {
-               Inset * inset = pimpl_->insetlist_.begin()->inset;
-               if (inset->lyxCode() == BIBITEM_CODE)
-                       return static_cast<InsetBibitem *>(inset);
-       }
-       return 0;
+       d->begin_of_body_ = i;
 }
 
 
@@ -1877,21 +1659,20 @@ void adjust_row_column(string const & str, TexRow & texrow, int & column)
 } // namespace anon
 
 
-// This could go to ParagraphParameters if we want to
-int Paragraph::startTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
+int Paragraph::Private::startTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
                                 odocstream & os, TexRow & texrow,
                                 bool moving_arg) const
 {
        int column = 0;
 
-       if (params().noindent()) {
+       if (params_.noindent()) {
                os << "\\noindent ";
                column += 10;
        }
        
-       LyXAlignment const curAlign = params().align();
+       LyXAlignment const curAlign = params_.align();
 
-       if (curAlign == layout()->align)
+       if (curAlign == layout_->align)
                return column;
 
        switch (curAlign) {
@@ -1918,25 +1699,25 @@ int Paragraph::startTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
                break;
        case LYX_ALIGN_LEFT: {
                string output;
-               if (getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
-                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushleft", ownerCode());
+               if (owner_->getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
+                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushleft", owner_->ownerCode());
                else
-                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushright", ownerCode());
+                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushright", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
        } case LYX_ALIGN_RIGHT: {
                string output;
-               if (getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
-                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushright", ownerCode());
+               if (owner_->getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
+                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushright", owner_->ownerCode());
                else
-                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushleft", ownerCode());
+                       output = corrected_env("\\begin", "flushleft", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
        } case LYX_ALIGN_CENTER: {
                string output;
-               output = corrected_env("\\begin", "center", ownerCode());
+               output = corrected_env("\\begin", "center", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
@@ -1947,14 +1728,13 @@ int Paragraph::startTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
 }
 
 
-// This could go to ParagraphParameters if we want to
-int Paragraph::endTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
+int Paragraph::Private::endTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
                               odocstream & os, TexRow & texrow,
                               bool moving_arg) const
 {
        int column = 0;
 
-       switch (params().align()) {
+       switch (params_.align()) {
        case LYX_ALIGN_NONE:
        case LYX_ALIGN_BLOCK:
        case LYX_ALIGN_LAYOUT:
@@ -1970,7 +1750,7 @@ int Paragraph::endTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
                break;
        }
 
-       switch (params().align()) {
+       switch (params_.align()) {
        case LYX_ALIGN_NONE:
        case LYX_ALIGN_BLOCK:
        case LYX_ALIGN_LAYOUT:
@@ -1978,25 +1758,25 @@ int Paragraph::endTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
                break;
        case LYX_ALIGN_LEFT: {
                string output;
-               if (getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
-                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushleft", ownerCode());
+               if (owner_->getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
+                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushleft", owner_->ownerCode());
                else
-                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushright", ownerCode());
+                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushright", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
        } case LYX_ALIGN_RIGHT: {
                string output;
-               if (getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
-                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushright", ownerCode());
+               if (owner_->getParLanguage(bparams)->babel() != "hebrew")
+                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushright", owner_->ownerCode());
                else
-                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushleft", ownerCode());
+                       output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "flushleft", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
        } case LYX_ALIGN_CENTER: {
                string output;
-               output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "center", ownerCode());
+               output = corrected_env("\n\\par\\end", "center", owner_->ownerCode());
                os << from_ascii(output);
                adjust_row_column(output, texrow, column);
                break;
@@ -2008,13 +1788,13 @@ int Paragraph::endTeXParParams(BufferParams const & bparams,
 
 
 // This one spits out the text of the paragraph
-bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
+bool Paragraph::latex(Buffer const & buf,
                                BufferParams const & bparams,
                                Font const & outerfont,
                                odocstream & os, TexRow & texrow,
                                OutputParams const & runparams) const
 {
-       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "SimpleTeXOnePar...     " << this << endl;
+       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX, "SimpleTeXOnePar...     " << this);
 
        bool return_value = false;
 
@@ -2071,7 +1851,7 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                        ++column;
                }
                if (!asdefault)
-                       column += startTeXParParams(bparams, os, texrow,
+                       column += d->startTeXParParams(bparams, os, texrow,
                                                    runparams.moving_arg);
        }
 
@@ -2101,13 +1881,13 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                        }
 
                        if (!asdefault)
-                               column += startTeXParParams(bparams, os,
+                               column += d->startTeXParParams(bparams, os,
                                                            texrow,
                                                            runparams.moving_arg);
                }
 
                Change const & change = runparams.inDeletedInset ? runparams.changeOfDeletedInset
-                                                                : pimpl_->lookupChange(i);
+                                                                : lookupChange(i);
 
                if (bparams.outputChanges && runningChange != change) {
                        if (open_font) {
@@ -2130,8 +1910,6 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
 
                ++column;
 
-               value_type const c = getChar(i);
-
                // Fully instantiated font
                Font const font = getFont(bparams, i, outerfont);
 
@@ -2149,18 +1927,30 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                        open_font = false;
                }
 
-               // Switch file encoding if necessary
-               if (runparams.encoding->package() == Encoding::inputenc &&
-                   font.language()->encoding()->package() == Encoding::inputenc) {
-                       std::pair<bool, int> const enc_switch = switchEncoding(os, bparams,
-                                       runparams.moving_arg, *(runparams.encoding),
-                                       *(font.language()->encoding()));
+               // close babel's font environment before opening CJK.
+               if (!running_font.language()->babel().empty() &&
+                   font.language()->encoding()->package() == Encoding::CJK) {
+                               string end_tag = subst(lyxrc.language_command_end,
+                                                       "$$lang",
+                                                       running_font.language()->babel());
+                               os << from_ascii(end_tag);
+                               column += end_tag.length();
+               }
+
+               // Switch file encoding if necessary (and allowed)
+               if (!runparams.verbatim && 
+                   runparams.encoding->package() == Encoding::none &&
+                   font.language()->encoding()->package() == Encoding::none) {
+                       pair<bool, int> const enc_switch = switchEncoding(os, bparams,
+                                       runparams, *(font.language()->encoding()));
                        if (enc_switch.first) {
                                column += enc_switch.second;
                                runparams.encoding = font.language()->encoding();
                        }
                }
 
+               char_type const c = d->text_[i];
+
                // Do we need to change font?
                if ((font != running_font ||
                     font.language() != running_font.language()) &&
@@ -2183,21 +1973,22 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                }
 
                if (c == ' ') {
+                       // FIXME: integrate this case in latexSpecialChar
                        // Do not print the separation of the optional argument
                        // if style->pass_thru is false. This works because
-                       // simpleTeXSpecialChars ignores spaces if
+                       // latexSpecialChar ignores spaces if
                        // style->pass_thru is false.
                        if (i != body_pos - 1) {
-                               if (pimpl_->simpleTeXBlanks(
-                                               *(runparams.encoding), os, texrow,
-                                               i, column, font, *style))
+                               if (d->simpleTeXBlanks(
+                                               runparams, os, texrow,
+                                               i, column, font, *style)) {
                                        // A surrogate pair was output. We
-                                       // must not call simpleTeXSpecialChars
-                                       // in this iteration, since
-                                       // simpleTeXBlanks incremented i, and
-                                       // simpleTeXSpecialChars would output
+                                       // must not call latexSpecialChar
+                                       // in this iteration, since it would output
                                        // the combining character again.
+                                       ++i;
                                        continue;
+                               }
                        }
                }
 
@@ -2205,10 +1996,33 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                rp.free_spacing = style->free_spacing;
                rp.local_font = &font;
                rp.intitle = style->intitle;
-               pimpl_->simpleTeXSpecialChars(buf, bparams, os,
+
+               // Two major modes:  LaTeX or plain
+               // Handle here those cases common to both modes
+               // and then split to handle the two modes separately.
+               if (c == META_INSET)
+                       d->latexInset(buf, bparams, os,
                                        texrow, rp, running_font,
                                        basefont, outerfont, open_font,
-                                       runningChange, *style, i, column, c);
+                                       runningChange, *style, i, column);
+               else {
+                       try {
+                               d->latexSpecialChar(os, rp, running_font, runningChange,
+                                       *style, i, column);
+                       } catch (EncodingException & e) {
+                               if (runparams.dryrun) {
+                                       os << "<" << _("LyX Warning: ")
+                                          << _("uncodable character") << " '";
+                                       os.put(c);
+                                       os << "'>";
+                               } else {
+                                       // add location information and throw again.
+                                       e.par_id = id();
+                                       e.pos = i;
+                                       throw(e);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
 
                // Set the encoding to that returned from simpleTeXSpecialChars (see
                // comment for encoding member in OutputParams.h)
@@ -2245,63 +2059,19 @@ bool Paragraph::simpleTeXOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
        }
 
        if (!asdefault) {
-               column += endTeXParParams(bparams, os, texrow,
+               column += d->endTeXParParams(bparams, os, texrow,
                                          runparams.moving_arg);
        }
 
-       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX) << "SimpleTeXOnePar...done " << this << endl;
+       LYXERR(Debug::LATEX, "SimpleTeXOnePar...done " << this);
        return return_value;
 }
 
 
-namespace {
-
-enum PAR_TAG {
-       PAR_NONE=0,
-       TT = 1,
-       SF = 2,
-       BF = 4,
-       IT = 8,
-       SL = 16,
-       EM = 32
-};
-
-
-string tag_name(PAR_TAG const & pt) {
-       switch (pt) {
-       case PAR_NONE: return "!-- --";
-       case TT: return "tt";
-       case SF: return "sf";
-       case BF: return "bf";
-       case IT: return "it";
-       case SL: return "sl";
-       case EM: return "em";
-       }
-       return "";
-}
-
-
-inline
-void operator|=(PAR_TAG & p1, PAR_TAG const & p2)
-{
-       p1 = static_cast<PAR_TAG>(p1 | p2);
-}
-
-
-inline
-void reset(PAR_TAG & p1, PAR_TAG const & p2)
-{
-       p1 = static_cast<PAR_TAG>(p1 & ~p2);
-}
-
-} // anon
-
-
 bool Paragraph::emptyTag() const
 {
        for (pos_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
-               if (isInset(i)) {
-                       Inset const * inset = getInset(i);
+               if (Inset const * inset = getInset(i)) {
                        InsetCode lyx_code = inset->lyxCode();
                        if (lyx_code != TOC_CODE &&
                            lyx_code != INCLUDE_CODE &&
@@ -2313,7 +2083,7 @@ bool Paragraph::emptyTag() const
                                return false;
                        }
                } else {
-                       value_type c = getChar(i);
+                       char_type c = d->text_[i];
                        if (c != ' ' && c != '\t')
                                return false;
                }
@@ -2325,15 +2095,14 @@ bool Paragraph::emptyTag() const
 string Paragraph::getID(Buffer const & buf, OutputParams const & runparams) const
 {
        for (pos_type i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
-               if (isInset(i)) {
-                       Inset const * inset = getInset(i);
+               if (Inset const * inset = getInset(i)) {
                        InsetCode lyx_code = inset->lyxCode();
                        if (lyx_code == LABEL_CODE) {
-                               string const id = static_cast<InsetCommand const *>(inset)->getContents();
-                               return "id='" + to_utf8(sgml::cleanID(buf, runparams, from_utf8(id))) + "'";
+                               InsetLabel const * const il = static_cast<InsetLabel const *>(inset);
+                               docstring const & id = il->getParam("name");
+                               return "id='" + to_utf8(sgml::cleanID(buf, runparams, id)) + "'";
                        }
                }
-
        }
        return string();
 }
@@ -2343,11 +2112,10 @@ pos_type Paragraph::getFirstWord(Buffer const & buf, odocstream & os, OutputPara
 {
        pos_type i;
        for (i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
-               if (isInset(i)) {
-                       Inset const * inset = getInset(i);
+               if (Inset const * inset = getInset(i)) {
                        inset->docbook(buf, os, runparams);
                } else {
-                       value_type c = getChar(i);
+                       char_type c = d->text_[i];
                        if (c == ' ')
                                break;
                        os << sgml::escapeChar(c);
@@ -2357,13 +2125,13 @@ pos_type Paragraph::getFirstWord(Buffer const & buf, odocstream & os, OutputPara
 }
 
 
-bool Paragraph::onlyText(Buffer const & buf, Font const & outerfont, pos_type initial) const
+bool Paragraph::Private::onlyText(Buffer const & buf, Font const & outerfont, pos_type initial) const
 {
        Font font_old;
-
-       for (pos_type i = initial; i < size(); ++i) {
-               Font font = getFont(buf.params(), i, outerfont);
-               if (isInset(i))
+       pos_type size = text_.size();
+       for (pos_type i = initial; i < size; ++i) {
+               Font font = owner_->getFont(buf.params(), i, outerfont);
+               if (text_[i] == META_INSET)
                        return false;
                if (i != initial && font != font_old)
                        return false;
@@ -2383,10 +2151,10 @@ void Paragraph::simpleDocBookOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
        bool emph_flag = false;
 
        LayoutPtr const & style = layout();
-       Font font_old =
+       FontInfo font_old =
                style->labeltype == LABEL_MANUAL ? style->labelfont : style->font;
 
-       if (style->pass_thru && !onlyText(buf, outerfont, initial))
+       if (style->pass_thru && !d->onlyText(buf, outerfont, initial))
                os << "]]>";
 
        // parsing main loop
@@ -2394,8 +2162,8 @@ void Paragraph::simpleDocBookOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                Font font = getFont(buf.params(), i, outerfont);
 
                // handle <emphasis> tag
-               if (font_old.emph() != font.emph()) {
-                       if (font.emph() == Font::ON) {
+               if (font_old.emph() != font.fontInfo().emph()) {
+                       if (font.fontInfo().emph() == FONT_ON) {
                                os << "<emphasis>";
                                emph_flag = true;
                        } else if (i != initial) {
@@ -2404,18 +2172,17 @@ void Paragraph::simpleDocBookOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
                        }
                }
 
-               if (isInset(i)) {
-                       Inset const * inset = getInset(i);
+               if (Inset const * inset = getInset(i)) {
                        inset->docbook(buf, os, runparams);
                } else {
-                       value_type c = getChar(i);
+                       char_type c = d->text_[i];
 
                        if (style->pass_thru)
                                os.put(c);
                        else
                                os << sgml::escapeChar(c);
                }
-               font_old = font;
+               font_old = font.fontInfo();
        }
 
        if (emph_flag) {
@@ -2424,43 +2191,42 @@ void Paragraph::simpleDocBookOnePar(Buffer const & buf,
 
        if (style->free_spacing)
                os << '\n';
-       if (style->pass_thru && !onlyText(buf, outerfont, initial))
+       if (style->pass_thru && !d->onlyText(buf, outerfont, initial))
                os << "<![CDATA[";
 }
 
 
 bool Paragraph::isHfill(pos_type pos) const
 {
-       return isInset(pos)
-               && getInset(pos)->lyxCode() == HFILL_CODE;
+       Inset const * inset = getInset(pos);
+       return inset && inset->lyxCode() == HFILL_CODE;
 }
 
 
 bool Paragraph::isNewline(pos_type pos) const
 {
-       return isInset(pos)
-               && getInset(pos)->lyxCode() == NEWLINE_CODE;
+       Inset const * inset = getInset(pos);
+       return inset && inset->lyxCode() == NEWLINE_CODE;
 }
 
 
 bool Paragraph::isLineSeparator(pos_type pos) const
 {
-       value_type const c = getChar(pos);
-       return isLineSeparatorChar(c)
-               || (c == Paragraph::META_INSET && getInset(pos) &&
-               getInset(pos)->isLineSeparator());
+       char_type const c = d->text_[pos];
+       if (isLineSeparatorChar(c))
+               return true;
+       Inset const * inset = getInset(pos);
+       return inset && inset->isLineSeparator();
 }
 
 
 /// Used by the spellchecker
 bool Paragraph::isLetter(pos_type pos) const
 {
-       if (isInset(pos))
-               return getInset(pos)->isLetter();
-       else {
-               value_type const c = getChar(pos);
-               return isLetterChar(c) || isDigit(c);
-       }
+       if (Inset const * inset = getInset(pos))
+               return inset->isLetter();
+       char_type const c = d->text_[pos];
+       return isLetterChar(c) || isDigit(c);
 }
 
 
@@ -2500,8 +2266,8 @@ void Paragraph::changeLanguage(BufferParams const & bparams,
 bool Paragraph::isMultiLingual(BufferParams const & bparams) const
 {
        Language const * doc_language = bparams.language;
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator cit = pimpl_->fontlist.begin();
-       Pimpl::FontList::const_iterator end = pimpl_->fontlist.end();
+       FontList::const_iterator cit = d->fontlist_.begin();
+       FontList::const_iterator end = d->fontlist_.end();
 
        for (; cit != end; ++cit)
                if (cit->font().language() != ignore_language &&
@@ -2530,7 +2296,7 @@ docstring const Paragraph::asString(Buffer const & buffer,
                os << params().labelString() << ' ';
 
        for (pos_type i = beg; i < end; ++i) {
-               value_type const c = getChar(i);
+               char_type const c = d->text_[i];
                if (isPrintable(c))
                        os.put(c);
                else if (c == META_INSET)
@@ -2543,93 +2309,49 @@ docstring const Paragraph::asString(Buffer const & buffer,
 
 void Paragraph::setInsetOwner(Inset * inset)
 {
-       pimpl_->inset_owner = inset;
-}
-
-
-Change const & Paragraph::lookupChange(pos_type pos) const
-{
-       BOOST_ASSERT(pos <= size());
-       return pimpl_->lookupChange(pos);
-}
-
-
-bool Paragraph::isChanged(pos_type start, pos_type end) const
-{
-       return pimpl_->isChanged(start, end);
-}
-
-
-bool Paragraph::isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion(bool trackChanges) const
-{
-       return pimpl_->isMergedOnEndOfParDeletion(trackChanges);
-}
-
-
-void Paragraph::setChange(Change const & change)
-{
-       pimpl_->setChange(change);
-}
-
-
-void Paragraph::setChange(pos_type pos, Change const & change)
-{
-       pimpl_->setChange(pos, change);
-}
-
-
-void Paragraph::acceptChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end)
-{
-       return pimpl_->acceptChanges(bparams, start, end);
-}
-
-
-void Paragraph::rejectChanges(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type start, pos_type end)
-{
-       return pimpl_->rejectChanges(bparams, start, end);
+       d->inset_owner_ = inset;
 }
 
 
 int Paragraph::id() const
 {
-       return pimpl_->id_;
+       return d->id_;
 }
 
 
 LayoutPtr const & Paragraph::layout() const
 {
-       return layout_;
+       return d->layout_;
 }
 
 
 void Paragraph::layout(LayoutPtr const & new_layout)
 {
-       layout_ = new_layout;
+       d->layout_ = new_layout;
 }
 
 
 Inset * Paragraph::inInset() const
 {
-       return pimpl_->inset_owner;
+       return d->inset_owner_;
 }
 
 
 InsetCode Paragraph::ownerCode() const
 {
-       return pimpl_->inset_owner
-               ? pimpl_->inset_owner->lyxCode() : NO_CODE;
+       return d->inset_owner_ ? d->inset_owner_->lyxCode() : NO_CODE;
 }
 
 
 ParagraphParameters & Paragraph::params()
 {
-       return pimpl_->params;
+       return d->params_;
 }
 
 
 ParagraphParameters const & Paragraph::params() const
 {
-       return pimpl_->params;
+       return d->params_;
 }
 
 
@@ -2637,10 +2359,7 @@ bool Paragraph::isFreeSpacing() const
 {
        if (layout()->free_spacing)
                return true;
-
-       // for now we just need this, later should we need this in some
-       // other way we can always add a function to Inset too.
-       return ownerCode() == ERT_CODE || ownerCode() == LISTINGS_CODE;
+       return d->inset_owner_ && d->inset_owner_->isFreeSpacing();
 }
 
 
@@ -2648,7 +2367,7 @@ bool Paragraph::allowEmpty() const
 {
        if (layout()->keepempty)
                return true;
-       return ownerCode() == ERT_CODE || ownerCode() == LISTINGS_CODE;
+       return d->inset_owner_ && d->inset_owner_->allowEmpty();
 }
 
 
@@ -2657,11 +2376,11 @@ char_type Paragraph::transformChar(char_type c, pos_type pos) const
        if (!Encodings::is_arabic(c))
                return c;
 
-       value_type prev_char = ' ';
-       value_type next_char = ' ';
+       char_type prev_char = ' ';
+       char_type next_char = ' ';
 
        for (pos_type i = pos - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-               value_type const par_char = getChar(i);
+               char_type const par_char = d->text_[i];
                if (!Encodings::isComposeChar_arabic(par_char)) {
                        prev_char = par_char;
                        break;
@@ -2669,7 +2388,7 @@ char_type Paragraph::transformChar(char_type c, pos_type pos) const
        }
 
        for (pos_type i = pos + 1, end = size(); i < end; ++i) {
-               value_type const par_char = getChar(i);
+               char_type const par_char = d->text_[i];
                if (!Encodings::isComposeChar_arabic(par_char)) {
                        next_char = par_char;
                        break;
@@ -2702,10 +2421,10 @@ int Paragraph::checkBiblio(bool track_changes)
        if (layout()->labeltype != LABEL_BIBLIO)
                return 0;
 
-       bool hasbibitem = !pimpl_->insetlist_.empty()
+       bool hasbibitem = !d->insetlist_.empty()
                // Insist on it being in pos 0
-               && getChar(0) == Paragraph::META_INSET
-               && pimpl_->insetlist_.begin()->inset->lyxCode() == BIBITEM_CODE;
+               && d->text_[0] == META_INSET
+               && d->insetlist_.begin()->inset->lyxCode() == BIBITEM_CODE;
 
        docstring oldkey;
        docstring oldlabel;
@@ -2716,8 +2435,8 @@ int Paragraph::checkBiblio(bool track_changes)
        // we're assuming there's only one of these, which there
        // should be.
        int erasedInsetPosition = -1;
-       InsetList::iterator it = pimpl_->insetlist_.begin();
-       InsetList::iterator end = pimpl_->insetlist_.end();
+       InsetList::iterator it = d->insetlist_.begin();
+       InsetList::iterator end = d->insetlist_.end();
        for (; it != end; ++it)
                if (it->inset->lyxCode() == BIBITEM_CODE
                    && it->pos > 0) {
@@ -2738,7 +2457,7 @@ int Paragraph::checkBiblio(bool track_changes)
        //erase one. So we give its properties to the beginning inset.
        if (hasbibitem) {
                InsetBibitem * inset =
-                       static_cast<InsetBibitem *>(pimpl_->insetlist_.begin()->inset);
+                       static_cast<InsetBibitem *>(d->insetlist_.begin()->inset);
                if (!oldkey.empty())
                        inset->setParam("key", oldkey);
                inset->setParam("label", oldlabel);
@@ -2747,7 +2466,7 @@ int Paragraph::checkBiblio(bool track_changes)
 
        //There was no inset at the beginning, so we need to create one with
        //the key and label of the one we erased.
-       InsetBibitem * inset(new InsetBibitem(InsetCommandParams("bibitem")));
+       InsetBibitem * inset(new InsetBibitem(InsetCommandParams(BIBITEM_CODE)));
        // restore values of previously deleted item in this par.
        if (!oldkey.empty())
                inset->setParam("key", oldkey);
@@ -2761,7 +2480,7 @@ int Paragraph::checkBiblio(bool track_changes)
 
 void Paragraph::checkAuthors(AuthorList const & authorList)
 {
-       pimpl_->changes_.checkAuthors(authorList);
+       d->changes_.checkAuthors(authorList);
 }
 
 
@@ -2785,13 +2504,13 @@ bool Paragraph::isDeleted(pos_type pos) const
 
 InsetList const & Paragraph::insetList() const
 {
-       return pimpl_->insetlist_;
+       return d->insetlist_;
 }
 
 
 Inset * Paragraph::releaseInset(pos_type pos)
 {
-       Inset * inset = pimpl_->insetlist_.release(pos);
+       Inset * inset = d->insetlist_.release(pos);
        /// does not honour change tracking!
        eraseChar(pos, false);
        return inset;
@@ -2800,13 +2519,145 @@ Inset * Paragraph::releaseInset(pos_type pos)
 
 Inset * Paragraph::getInset(pos_type pos)
 {
-       return pimpl_->insetlist_.get(pos);
+       return (pos < pos_type(d->text_.size()) && d->text_[pos] == META_INSET)
+                ? d->insetlist_.get(pos) : 0;
 }
 
 
 Inset const * Paragraph::getInset(pos_type pos) const
 {
-       return pimpl_->insetlist_.get(pos);
+       return (pos < pos_type(d->text_.size()) && d->text_[pos] == META_INSET)
+                ? d->insetlist_.get(pos) : 0;
 }
 
+
+void Paragraph::changeCase(BufferParams const & bparams, pos_type pos,
+               pos_type & right, TextCase action)
+{
+       // process sequences of modified characters; in change
+       // tracking mode, this approach results in much better
+       // usability than changing case on a char-by-char basis
+       docstring changes;
+
+       bool const trackChanges = bparams.trackChanges;
+
+       bool capitalize = true;
+
+       for (; pos < right; ++pos) {
+               char_type oldChar = d->text_[pos];
+               char_type newChar = oldChar;
+
+               // ignore insets and don't play with deleted text!
+               if (oldChar != META_INSET && !isDeleted(pos)) {
+                       switch (action) {
+                               case text_lowercase:
+                                       newChar = lowercase(oldChar);
+                                       break;
+                               case text_capitalization:
+                                       if (capitalize) {
+                                               newChar = uppercase(oldChar);
+                                               capitalize = false;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case text_uppercase:
+                                       newChar = uppercase(oldChar);
+                                       break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!isLetter(pos) || isDeleted(pos)) {
+                       // permit capitalization again
+                       capitalize = true;
+               }
+
+               if (oldChar != newChar)
+                       changes += newChar;
+
+               if (oldChar == newChar || pos == right - 1) {
+                       if (oldChar != newChar) {
+                               // step behind the changing area
+                               pos++;
+                       }
+                       int erasePos = pos - changes.size();
+                       for (size_t i = 0; i < changes.size(); i++) {
+                               insertChar(pos, changes[i],
+                                       getFontSettings(bparams,
+                                       erasePos),
+                                       trackChanges);
+                               if (!eraseChar(erasePos, trackChanges)) {
+                                       ++erasePos;
+                                       ++pos; // advance
+                                       ++right; // expand selection
+                               }
+                       }
+                       changes.clear();
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+bool Paragraph::find(docstring const & str, bool cs, bool mw,
+               pos_type pos, bool del) const
+{
+       int const strsize = str.length();
+       int i = 0;
+       pos_type const parsize = d->text_.size();
+       for (i = 0; pos + i < parsize; ++i) {
+               if (i >= strsize)
+                       break;
+               if (cs && str[i] != d->text_[pos + i])
+                       break;
+               if (!cs && uppercase(str[i]) != uppercase(d->text_[pos + i]))
+                       break;
+               if (!del && isDeleted(pos + i))
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (i != strsize)
+               return false;
+
+       // if necessary, check whether string matches word
+       if (mw) {
+               if (pos > 0 && isLetter(pos - 1))
+                       return false;
+               if (pos + strsize < parsize
+                       && isLetter(pos + strsize))
+                       return false;
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
+
+char_type Paragraph::getChar(pos_type pos) const
+{
+       return d->text_[pos];
+}
+
+
+pos_type Paragraph::size() const
+{
+       return d->text_.size();
+}
+
+
+bool Paragraph::empty() const
+{
+       return d->text_.empty();
+}
+
+
+bool Paragraph::isInset(pos_type pos) const
+{
+       return d->text_[pos] == META_INSET;
+}
+
+
+bool Paragraph::isSeparator(pos_type pos) const
+{
+       //FIXME: Are we sure this can be the only separator?
+       return d->text_[pos] == ' ';
+}
+
+
 } // namespace lyx