-#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 340
+#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 503
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\origin unavailable
\textclass article
\begin_preamble
%% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
%\floatstyle{plaintop}
%\restylefloat{tableau}
\end_preamble
+\use_default_options false
\begin_modules
linguistics
\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
-\font_roman lmodern
-\font_sans default
-\font_typewriter default
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100
-\font_tt_scale 100
-
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
-\use_hyperref false
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered false
+\pdf_bookmarksopen false
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder true
+\pdf_colorlinks false
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle true
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 1
-\use_esint 1
+\use_package amsmath 1
+\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle default
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-Writing linguistic papers with LyX
+Writing linguistic papers with \SpecialChar LyX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-<spitz@lyx.org>
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "spitz@lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
-14/09/2008
+21/04/2015
\end_layout
\begin_layout Abstract
-This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
+This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides to linguists.
It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
- examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
+ examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic
+ symbols (IPA).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
+ module that ships with \SpecialChar LyX
+ as of version 1.6.0.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
- for any document.
+ are support files (introduced with \SpecialChar LyX
+ 1.6.0) that can easily be selected for
+ any document.
In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Class
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Modules
\family default
, select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
me, if not).
However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
- LaTeX packages installed:
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages installed:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\end_inset
: This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "covington"
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
description
\emph default
).
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "enumitem"
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
character style.
The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
language in use.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "csquotes"
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
\end_inset
: Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
- This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
+ This package should be part of any \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "float"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\emph on
+forest.sty
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+: This package is used to generate structure trees.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "forest"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Numbered examples
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Numbered examples are inserted via the layout dropdown box in the toolbar.
+Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
There are three variants:
\end_layout
This is a subexample
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:subexample"
+name "subsec:subexample"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
- and a crossreference via
+ and a cross-reference via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cross references
\family default
.
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:subexample"
+reference "subsec:subexample"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to modify the numbering of an individual example, you can use
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Numbering
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Glosses
\end_layout
The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Insets
\family default
: The standard
\emph on
-Custom:Glosse
+Glosse
\emph default
- provides a glosse that consists of two lines and a translation, the
+ provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair) and a translation,
+ the
\emph on
-Custom:Tri-Glosse
+Tri-Glosse
\emph default
- insets consists of three lines and a translation.
- Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
- command
-\family typewriter
+ insets consists of three lines and a translation (the third line is usually
+ needed to give morphological or phonological information next to the gloss
+ pair).
+ Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-glt
+e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
+ The translation line is inserted by means of
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Glosse Translation
\family default
- which should be inserted verbatim in the Glosse inset (ERT is not needed,
- and in fact not even possible).
+.
+ It does not matter where you insert the translation, it is always printed
+ as the last line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a simple example:
+Here is a simple example for a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
+\begin_inset Flex Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-C'est un exemple simple
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{This is} an example simple
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
-\backslash
-glt
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
- In the same vein, we can make a three-line glosse:
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
+\noindent
+Use
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+GroupGlossedWords
+\family default
+ in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
+ put braces in TeX mode
+\begin_inset ERT
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-C'est un exemple simple
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{This is} an example simple
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-glt
-\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-This is a simple example
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
-\end_inset
+around those words
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+).
+ Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ work
+ area; this will not affect the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the Glosse inset
- to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
+Here is a three-line gloss (
+\emph on
+Tri-Glosse
+\emph default
+); the procedure is the same:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-My skeertuig is vol palings
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Das ist
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ ein Beispiel einfach
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-My hovercraft is {full of} eels
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
-\backslash
-glt
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-Do you have matches?
+This is a simple example
\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Optimality Theory Tableaux
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
- specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
- the
-\emph on
-EmbeddedObjects
-\emph default
- manual).
- However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
- and you might want to have a
-\emph on
-List of Tableaux
-\emph default
-, similar to the
-\emph on
-List of Tables
-\emph default
-.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The Linguistics module provides support for both.
- In
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Floats
-\family default
-, you'll find a Tableaux float:
+\noindent
+If you want to have numbered glosses, simply insert the gloss inset to a
+ numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float tableau
-placement h
-wide false
-sideways false
+\begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
+\begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
-<features>
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-/atikap/
+My skeertuig is vol palings
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+My hovercraft is
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
-\noun on
-Onset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+full of
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ eels
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
-\noun on
-NoCoda
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+Do you have matches?
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\noun on
-Dep
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\noun on
-Max
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
-\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-a.ti.ka
+\begin_layout Subsection*
+Tips & Tricks
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Page breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
+ A workaround is to wrap glosses into boxes (via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Box\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Frameless
+\family default
+).
+ If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
+ code to
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX Preamble
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+% Do not break pages at two-line glosses
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-*
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-*
+\backslash
+AtBeginDocument{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{minipage}{.7
+\backslash
+textwidth}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+gll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
+\backslash
+glend
+\backslash
+end{minipage}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+% Do not break pages at three-line glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+AtBeginDocument{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{minipage}{.7
+\backslash
+textwidth}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+glll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
+\backslash
+glend
+\backslash
+end{minipage}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might have to adapt the minipage width (
+\family typewriter
+.7
+\backslash
+textwidth
+\family default
+ in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Footnotes in Glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although you can insert a footnote in a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
+ If you need footnotes, put
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotemark
+\family default
+ in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
+ appear, and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
+\family default
+, also in TeX mode, right behind the
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset.
+ If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ package and the
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+ class do not work together out of the box, since they both try to define
+ the commands
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+example
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+examples
+\family default
+, which results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ error.
+ You can work around the problem by inserting the following code in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Local Layout
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+Provides covington 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+AddToPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+example
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexample
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+examples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexamples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{covington}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+EndPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Press
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+validate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+OK
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This effectively defuncts beamer's example(s) environment in favour of
+ covington's.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Furthermore, if you want to use glosses in
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+, you need to put it in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+fragile
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ frame.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Optimality Theory Tableaux
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+OT tableaux itself can of course simply be inserted as ordinary tables (for
+ specific features such as dashed lines and shaded cells, cf.
+ the
+\emph on
+EmbeddedObjects
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ However, you might want to have the tableaux numbered throughout the document,
+ and you might want to have a
+\emph on
+List of Tableaux
+\emph default
+, similar to the
+\emph on
+List of Tables
+\emph default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Linguistics module provides support for both.
+ In
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Floats
+\family default
+, you will find a Tableaux float:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float tableau
+placement h
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" special="|c">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+/atikap/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\noun on
+Onset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\noun on
+NoCoda
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\noun on
+Dep
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\noun on
+Max
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{☞}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{\textipa{P}}$
+\end_inset
+
+a.ti.ka
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+*
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+*
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example Tableau
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
+ the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ window.
+ To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preamble
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+floatstyle{plaintop}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+restylefloat{tableau}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+floatstyle{komaabove}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+restylefloat{tableau}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Lists & TOC
+\family default
+.
+ It looks like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset FloatList tableau
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
+ in linguistics:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Concept (in small caps):
+\begin_inset Flex Concepts
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+concept
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Expression (emphasized):
+\begin_inset Flex Expression
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+expression
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Meaning (in single quotes):
+\begin_inset Flex Meaning
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+meaning
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert the character styles via the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Style
+\family default
+ submenu.
+ If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
+ them in the preamble.
+ To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand
+\backslash
+lingexpr[1]{
+\backslash
+textbf{#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similarly, concept (
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+lingconcept
+\family default
+) and meaning (
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+lingmeaning
+\family default
+) can be modified.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Linguistic structure trees
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ are available which help producing structure trees.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports the
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
+ syntax.
+ The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
+ via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\family default
+.
+ Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ (and also by other similar packages such as
+\family sans
+qtree
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a simple example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Example Tableau
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
+\family typewriter
+\size small
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
- the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
- To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
+expands to a real structure tree.
+ To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea, you can simply embed the Structure
+ Tree inset into a Preview inset (
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preamble
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preview
\family default
-:
+).
+ If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
+ the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
-\backslash
-floatstyle{plaintop}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Preview
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
-\backslash
-restylefloat{tableau}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-\backslash
-floatstyle{komaabove}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-restylefloat{tableau}
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Lists & TOC
-\family default
-.
- Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
- we do this here for exemplification purposes:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset FloatList tableau
-
+\noindent
+Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+triangle
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Semantic Markup (Character Styles)
+ option (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The Linguistics module comes with some character styles that are common
- in linguistics:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Concept (in small caps):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-concept
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, triangle]] ]
+ ]
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Expression (emphasized):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-expression
-\end_layout
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ option.
+ All nodes which have the same
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ allocated get aligned.
+ Here is an example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Meaning (in single quotes):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-meaning
+[VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
+er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert the character styles via the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text Style
-\family default
- submenu.
- If you need to change the appearance of these styles later, you can redefine
- them in the preamble.
- To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand
-\backslash
-lingexpr[1]{
-\backslash
-textbf{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similarly, concept (
-\family typewriter
+\noindent
+The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
+ decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
+ package documentation
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
-\backslash
-lingconcept
-\family default
-) and meaning (
-\family typewriter
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-lingmeaning
-\family default
-) can be modified.
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
- is a base functionality of LyX.
+ is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
- (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
+ (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
+If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
+'s IPA support is
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
\emph on
tipa
\emph default
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you use Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., if you have clicked
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts
+\family default
+), no extra package is needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Phonetic symbols can be entered via
+The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
Phonetic symbols.
\family default
-You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
- notation which is described in the tipa manual.
- Example:
-\begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
+This gives you an input box (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+inset
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+ speak), where you can insert the symbols.
+ Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
+ (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
+ While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
+ basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
+ IPA in 2005).
+ This symbol is not yet supported by the
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+ Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
+ dashed line on its top.
+ This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[l
+\begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ai
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+k ðɪs]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
+
+\emph on
+after
+\emph default
+ the base character.
+ That is to say, for
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[d̥]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you need to insert
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
+ and then the
+\family typewriter
+<voiceless>
+\family default
+ subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
.
- Given that preview-latex is installed and you have switched on instant
- preview (in
+ If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
+ and then the diacritic, as in
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ ̼
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<space>+<Lingolabial from the IPA toolbar>
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Given that
+\emph on
+ preview-latex
+\emph default
+ is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
+\family sans
+ Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphi
+\family default
+cs), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the
+ box.
+ Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
+ via the shortcut notation which is described in the
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ manual: here's
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ shortcut notation:
+\family typewriter
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl
+\family default
+]).
+ Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphics
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols\SpecialChar ldots
+
\family default
-), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
+ (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
+ or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., from other applications) into the box.
+ The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
+ IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
+ In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
+
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ macro (if not, please inform us).
+ However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
+ since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
+ are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
+ Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
+ characters.
+ So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
+ input box is highly recommended.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
- refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
+ refer to the Linguist\SpecialChar LyX
+ page on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ wiki
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "linguistlyx"
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The forest package:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/forest/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
\end_inset
-Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
-c Papers.
+Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Linguistic
+ Papers.
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff