-#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 438
+#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 503
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\origin unavailable
\textclass article
\begin_preamble
%% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
\fontencoding global
-\font_roman lmodern
-\font_sans default
-\font_typewriter default
+\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100
-\font_tt_scale 100
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
\graphics default
\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package cancel 0
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
\use_package mathtools 0
\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
-\cite_engine_type numerical
+\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
\use_indices false
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-Writing linguistic papers with LyX
+Writing linguistic papers with \SpecialChar LyX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
-14/09/2008
+21/04/2015
\end_layout
\begin_layout Abstract
-This paper describes some features that LyX provides to linguists.
+This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides to linguists.
It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
- examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
+ examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic
+ symbols (IPA).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- module that ships with LyX as of version 1.6.0.
+ module that ships with \SpecialChar LyX
+ as of version 1.6.0.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are support files (introduced with LyX 1.6.0) that can easily be selected
- for any document.
+ are support files (introduced with \SpecialChar LyX
+ 1.6.0) that can easily be selected for
+ any document.
In order to use the Linguistics module, go to
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Modules
\family default
, select
You should be able to use the module with any document class (please inform
me, if not).
However, in order to use all the features, you need to have the following
- LaTeX packages installed:
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages installed:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\end_inset
: This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
description
\emph default
).
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
character style.
The package provides context sensitive quotation marks, depending on the
language in use.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\end_inset
: Needed for the OT tableaux floats and list of floats.
- This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
+ This package should be part of any \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\emph on
+forest.sty
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+: This package is used to generate structure trees.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "forest"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Numbered examples
This is a subexample
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:subexample"
+name "subsec:subexample"
\end_inset
References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
and a cross-reference via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cross references
\family default
.
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:subexample"
+reference "subsec:subexample"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to modify the numbering of an individual example, you can use
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Numbering
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Glosses
\end_layout
The Linguistics module provides two kinds of glosses, which can be inserted
via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Custom Insets
\family default
: The standard
\emph on
-Custom:Glosse
+Glosse
\emph default
- provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
+ provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair) and a translation,
+ the
\emph on
-Custom:Tri-Glosse
+Tri-Glosse
\emph default
- insets consists of three lines and a translation.
+ insets consists of three lines and a translation (the third line is usually
+ needed to give morphological or phonological information next to the gloss
+ pair).
Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
- Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
- command
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-glt
+ The translation line is inserted by means of
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Glosse Translation
\family default
- which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (TeX mode is not needed,
- and in fact not even possible).
+.
+ It does not matter where you insert the translation, it is always printed
+ as the last line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a simple example:
+Here is a simple example for a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-C'est un exemple simple
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
-{This is} an example simple
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+ an example simple
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+This is a simple example
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-glt This is a simple example
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
+Use
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+GroupGlossedWords
+\family default
+ in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
+ put braces in TeX mode
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+around those words
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ work
+ area; this will not affect the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
+Here is a three-line gloss (
+\emph on
+Tri-Glosse
+\emph default
+); the procedure is the same:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-C'est un exemple simple
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Das ist
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-{Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
+ ein Beispiel einfach
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-{This is} an example simple
+ an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+This is a simple example
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-glt This is a simple example
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
- to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
+If you want to have numbered glosses, simply insert the gloss inset to a
+ numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
+Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-My skeertuig is vol palings
+My skeertuig is vol palings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-My hovercraft is {full of} eels
-\end_layout
+My hovercraft is
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-glt Do you have matches?
+full of
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection*
-Shortcomings of LyX's glosses
+ eels
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's glosse support is rather basic, and thus has some shortcomings, which
- might be addressed in further releases:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Font changes are not allowed in glosses.
- Hence, the
-\family sans
-Character Style
-\family default
- dialog is disabled.
- Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
- output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
- does not support it).
- However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
- Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "command-execute"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-language <lang>
-\family default
-, where
-\family sans
-<lang>
-\family default
- should be replaced by the respective language, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Do you have matches?
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-g.
-
-\family sans
-english
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-french
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-ngerman
-\family default
-.
- In the LaTeX output, this setting will be suppressed.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Since the content of glosses is passed verbatim to LaTeX, LyX does not adapt
- the encoding to the contents.
- That means that if you use characters in the glosse which are not covered
- by the current encoding, you will run into an error message.
- Here are the possible workarounds to this problem:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Either enter the text outside the glosse, open
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-View Source
-\family default
- and copy the LaTeX code into the glosse,
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or mark the whole glosse (from outside) and set the appropriate language
- via
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Language\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-More Languages\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\end_inset
+
-\family default
-,
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or set the document encoding to
-\emph on
-Unicode (utf8)
-\emph default
- via
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Language
-\family default
-,
+\begin_layout Subsection*
+Tips & Tricks
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or check
-\emph on
-Use non-TeX fonts (via XeTeX/LuaTeX)
-\emph default
- in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Fonts
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Page breaks can occur within glosses, which is of course not desirable.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Page breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
A workaround is to wrap glosses into boxes (via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Box\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Box\SpecialChar menuseparator
Frameless
\family default
).
If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
code to
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX Preamble
\family default
:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset listings
-lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
inline false
status open
\backslash
-@ifundefined{linggloss}{}{%
+renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-gll #1}{
+gll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
\backslash
glend
\backslash
-end{minipage}}}
+end{minipage}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset listings
-lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
inline false
status open
\backslash
-@ifundefined{lingglosss}{}{%
+renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-glll #1}{
+glll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
\backslash
glend
\backslash
-end{minipage}}}
+end{minipage}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You might have to adapt the minipage width (
-\family typewriter
-.7
-\backslash
-textwidth
-\family default
- in the example code) to fit your actual page width.
+You might have to adapt the minipage width (
+\family typewriter
+.7
+\backslash
+textwidth
+\family default
+ in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Footnotes in Glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although you can insert a footnote in a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
+ If you need footnotes, put
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotemark
+\family default
+ in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
+ appear, and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
+\family default
+, also in TeX mode, right behind the
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset.
+ If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ package and the
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+ class do not work together out of the box, since they both try to define
+ the commands
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+example
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+examples
+\family default
+, which results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ error.
+ You can work around the problem by inserting the following code in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Local Layout
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+Provides covington 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+AddToPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+example
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexample
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+examples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexamples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{covington}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+EndPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Press
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+validate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+OK
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This effectively defuncts beamer's example(s) environment in favour of
+ covington's.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Furthermore, if you want to use glosses in
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+, you need to put it in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+fragile
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ frame.
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Optimality Theory Tableaux
\end_layout
The Linguistics module provides support for both.
In
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Floats
\family default
-, you'll find a Tableaux float:
+, you will find a Tableaux float:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0" special="|c">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" special="|c">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Example Tableau
\begin_layout Standard
Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
- the output, no matter where you put it in the LyX window.
- To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
+ the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ window.
+ To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preamble
\family default
:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
floatstyle{plaintop}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
restylefloat{tableau}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
+If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
floatstyle{komaabove}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
restylefloat{tableau}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Lists & TOC
\family default
.
- Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
- we do this here for exemplification purposes:
+ It looks like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
You can insert the character styles via the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text Style
\family default
submenu.
To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
renewcommand
textbf{#1}}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Similarly, concept (
\family typewriter
) can be modified.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Linguistic structure trees
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ are available which help producing structure trees.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports the
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
+ syntax.
+ The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
+ via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\family default
+.
+ Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ (and also by other similar packages such as
+\family sans
+qtree
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a simple example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+
+\family typewriter
+\size small
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+expands to a real structure tree.
+ To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea, you can simply embed the Structure
+ Tree inset into a Preview inset (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preview
+\family default
+).
+ If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
+ the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Preview
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+triangle
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ option (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, triangle]] ]
+ ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ option.
+ All nodes which have the same
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ allocated get aligned.
+ Here is an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
+er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
+ decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
+ package documentation
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
- is a base functionality of LyX.
+ is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
(briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you use traditional LaTeX or PDFLaTeX, a prerequisite to use LyX's IPA
- support is the LaTeX package
+If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
+'s IPA support is
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
\emph on
tipa
\emph default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-If you use XeTeX or LuaTeX (i.
+If you use Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Lua\SpecialChar TeX
+ (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Use non-TeX fonts
+Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Fonts
\family default
), no extra package is needed.
\begin_layout Standard
The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
Phonetic symbols.
\family default
-This gives you an input box, where you can insert the symbols, and a toolbar
- opens, which provides the basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the
- IPA categories).
+This gives you an input box (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+inset
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+ speak), where you can insert the symbols.
+ Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
+ (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
+ While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
+ basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
+ IPA in 2005).
+ This symbol is not yet supported by the
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
dashed line on its top.
This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
+
+\emph on
+after
+\emph default
+ the base character.
+ That is to say, for
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[d̥]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you need to insert
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
+ and then the
+\family typewriter
+<voiceless>
+\family default
+ subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
+.
+ If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
+ and then the diacritic, as in
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ ̼
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<space>+<Lingolabial from the IPA toolbar>
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Given that
\emph on
preview-latex
\emph default
is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
\family sans
- Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Graphi
\family default
cs), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the
\uwave off
\noun off
\color none
-[@n Iɡ"zA:mpl]
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl]
\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph default
shortcut notation:
\family typewriter
-[@n Iɡ"zA:mpl
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl
\family default
]).
Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols\SpecialChar ldots
\family default
(which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
characters.
- So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, this method is
- highly recommended.
+ So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
+ input box is highly recommended.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
For a detailed description of specific possibilities for linguists, please
- refer to the LinguistLyX page on the LyX wiki
+ refer to the Linguist\SpecialChar LyX
+ page on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ wiki
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "linguistlyx"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "covington"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "csquotes"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "enumitem"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "float"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The forest package:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/graphics/pgf/contrib/forest/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "linguistlyx"
\end_inset
-Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using LyX for Linguisti
-c Papers.
+Maria Gouskova, Stacia Hartleben and Jürgen Spitzmüller: Using \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Linguistic
+ Papers.
\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "preview"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "tipa"
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff