#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 486
+\lyxformat 493
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\origin unavailable
\textclass article
\begin_preamble
%% Uncomment the following for Tableaux captions on top:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
-20/04/2015
+21/04/2015
\end_layout
\begin_layout Abstract
This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
provides to linguists.
It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
- examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, and phonetic symbols (IPA).
+ examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic
+ symbols (IPA).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\emph on
+forest.sty
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+: This package is used to generate structure trees.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "forest"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Numbered examples
\family default
: The standard
\emph on
-Custom:Glosse
+Glosse
\emph default
- provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
+ provides a gloss that consists of two lines (a gloss pair) and a translation,
+ the
\emph on
-Custom:Tri-Glosse
+Tri-Glosse
\emph default
- insets consists of three lines and a translation.
+ insets consists of three lines and a translation (the third line is usually
+ needed to give morphological or phonological information next to the gloss
+ pair).
Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
- Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
- command
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-glt
+ The translation line is inserted by means of
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Glosse Translation
\family default
- which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (\SpecialChar TeX
- mode is not needed,
- and in fact not even possible).
+.
+ It does not matter where you insert the translation, it is always printed
+ as the last line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is a simple example:
+Here is a simple example for a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-C'est un exemple simple
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-{This is} an example simple
+ an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+This is a simple example
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-glt This is a simple example
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
+Use
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+GroupGlossedWords
+\family default
+ in order to hold together multi-word expressions (or alternatively just
+ put braces in TeX mode
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+around those words
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Note that you can enter multiple spaces to align the glosses in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ work
+ area; this will not affect the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
+Here is a three-line gloss (
+\emph on
+Tri-Glosse
+\emph default
+); the procedure is the same:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-C'est un exemple simple
+C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Das ist
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-{Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
+ ein Beispiel einfach
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
-{This is} an example simple
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+ an example simple
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+This is a simple example
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-glt This is a simple example
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
- to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
+If you want to have numbered glosses, simply insert the gloss inset to a
+ numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
+Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-My skeertuig is vol palings
+My skeertuig is vol palings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-My hovercraft is {full of} eels
-\end_layout
+My hovercraft is
+\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-glt Do you have matches?
+full of
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+ eels
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection*
-Shortcomings of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s glosses
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
-'s glosse support is rather basic, and thus has some shortcomings, which
- might be addressed in further releases:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Font changes are not allowed in glosses.
- Hence, the
-\family sans
-Character Style
-\family default
- dialog is disabled.
- Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
- output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
- does not support it).
- However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
- Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "command-execute"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-language <lang>
-\family default
-, where
-\family sans
-<lang>
-\family default
- should be replaced by the respective language, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Do you have matches?
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-g.
-
-\family sans
-english
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-french
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-ngerman
-\family default
-.
- In the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- output, this setting will be suppressed.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Since the content of glosses is passed verbatim to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-, \SpecialChar LyX
- does not adapt the
- encoding to the contents.
- That means that if you use characters in the glosse which are not covered
- by the current encoding, you will run into an error message.
- Here are the possible workarounds to this problem:
-\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Either enter the text outside the glosse, open
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-View Source
-\family default
- and copy the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- code into the glosse,
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or mark the whole glosse (from outside) and set the appropriate language
- via
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language\SpecialChar menuseparator
-More Languages\SpecialChar ldots
-\family default
-,
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or set the document encoding to
-\emph on
-Unicode (utf8)
-\emph default
- via
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar ldots
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Language
-\family default
-,
+\begin_layout Subsection*
+Tips & Tricks
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or check
-\emph on
-Use non-\SpecialChar TeX
- fonts (via Xe\SpecialChar TeX
-/Lua\SpecialChar TeX
-)
-\emph default
- in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar ldots
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Avoiding Page Breaks within Glosses
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Page breaks can occur within glosses, which is of course not desirable.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Page breaks might occur within glosses, which is not desirable.
A workaround is to wrap glosses into boxes (via
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Preamble
+LaTeX Preamble
\family default
:
\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset listings
-lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
inline false
status open
\backslash
-@ifundefined{linggloss}{}{%
+renewenvironment{linggloss}[2][]{%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-gll #1}{
+gll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
\backslash
glend
\backslash
-end{minipage}}}
+end{minipage}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
\begin_inset listings
-lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
inline false
status open
\backslash
-@ifundefined{lingglosss}{}{%
+renewenvironment{lingglosss}[2][]{%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+def
+\backslash
+glosstr{
+\backslash
+glt #1}%
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-glll #1}{
+glll #2}{
+\backslash
+glosstr
\backslash
glend
\backslash
-end{minipage}}}
+end{minipage}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
textwidth
\family default
- in the example code) to fit your actual page width.
+ in the example code) to fit the glosses to your actual page width.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Footnotes in Glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although you can insert a footnote in a
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset, LaTeX compilation will not succeed.
+ If you need footnotes, put
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotemark
+\family default
+ in TeX mode in the glosse at the point where the footnote number should
+ appear, and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+footnotetext{Actual footnote ...}
+\family default
+, also in TeX mode, right behind the
+\emph on
+Glosse
+\emph default
+ inset.
+ If you need several footnotes, just insert multiple of these constructs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Using Glosses (and Examples) in a Beamer Presentation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ package and the
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+ class do not work together out of the box, since they both try to define
+ the commands
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+example
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+examples
+\family default
+, which results in a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ error.
+ You can work around the problem by inserting the following code in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Local Layout
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily},tabsize=4"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+Provides covington 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+AddToPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+example
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexample
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+examples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+endexamples
+\backslash
+relax
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{covington}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+EndPreamble
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Press
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+validate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+OK
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This effectively defuncts beamer's example(s) environment in favour of
+ covington's.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Furthermore, if you want to use glosses in
+\emph on
+beamer
+\emph default
+, you need to put it in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+fragile
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ frame.
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Optimality Theory Tableaux
\end_layout
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Floats
\family default
-, you'll find a Tableaux float:
+, you will find a Tableaux float:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Note that by default, the caption is always placed below the tableaux in
the output, no matter where you put it in the \SpecialChar LyX
window.
- To get the Tableaux captions on top, put the following code in
+ To get the Tableau captions on top, put the following code in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
floatstyle{plaintop}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
restylefloat{tableau}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-If your using a KOMA class, use the following instead for better spacing:
+If you use a KOMA class, use the following code instead:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
floatstyle{komaabove}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
restylefloat{tableau}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
A List of Tableaux inset can be found in
\family sans
Lists & TOC
\family default
.
- Even though this usually is placed at the beginning or the end of the document,
- we do this here for exemplification purposes:
+ It looks like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To make expressions bold, for instance, insert:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "language={[LaTeX]TeX},basicstyle={\footnotesize\ttfamily}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
renewcommand
textbf{#1}}
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Similarly, concept (
\family typewriter
) can be modified.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Linguistic structure trees
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ are available which help producing structure trees.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports the
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ package, which combines high flexibility and power with a comfortable input
+ syntax.
+ The Linguistics module provides a Structure Tree inset, which can be inserted
+ via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\family default
+.
+ Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
+\family sans
+forest
+\family default
+ (and also by other similar packages such as
+\family sans
+qtree
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a simple example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+If you view the PDF output, you will see that the input
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+
+\family typewriter
+\size small
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[D[a]][NP[letter]]]]]
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+expands to a real structure tree.
+ To view the result within the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea, you can simply embed the Structure
+ Tree inset into a Preview inset (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preview
+\family default
+).
+ If instant preview is correctly installed and activated, you should see
+ the tree immediately (just click on the image in order to edit):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Preview
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[Mary]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[John]] [DP[D[a]][NP[response]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Roofs can be easily generated by means of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+triangle
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ option (note that the comma has special meaning, as it marks options):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John]] [V' [V[sent]] [DP[Mary]] [DP[another letter, triangle]] ]
+ ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+In order to align nodes of the tree more elegantly, use the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ option.
+ All nodes which have the same
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+tier
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ allocated get aligned.
+ Here is an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex Structure Tree
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+[VP [DP[John,tier=word]] [V' [V[sent,tier=word]] [DP[Mary,tier=word]] [DP[D[a,ti
+er=word]][NP[letter,tier=word]]] ] ]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+The package supports many additional features, such as movement arrows and
+ decorations, that cannot documented here (please refer to the detailed
+ package documentation
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
\end_layout
(inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Currently, there is one symbol missing: the labiodental flap (added to the
+ IPA in 2005).
+ This symbol is not yet supported by the
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ package and thus cannot be supported by LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
dashed line on its top.
This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "forest"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The forest package:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/forest/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff