-#LyX 1.6.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 462
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass article
\begin_modules
linguistics
\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman lmodern
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
+\font_math auto
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_pdfusetitle true
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 1
-\use_esint 1
+\use_package amsmath 1
+\use_package amssymb 1
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type numerical
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle default
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
-14/09/2008
+18/02/2013
\end_layout
\begin_layout Abstract
: This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "covington"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
).
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "enumitem"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
language in use.
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "csquotes"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\emph on
This package should be part of any LaTeX distribution.
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "float"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Numbered examples
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Numbered examples are inserted via the layout dropdown box in the toolbar.
+Numbered examples are inserted via the layout drop-down box in the toolbar.
There are three variants:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
References to examples are produced as usual: insert a label to the example
- and a crossreference via
+ and a cross-reference via
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cross references
\emph on
Custom:Glosse
\emph default
- provides a glosse that consists of two lines and a translation, the
+ provides a gloss that consists of two lines and a translation, the
\emph on
Custom:Tri-Glosse
\emph default
insets consists of three lines and a translation.
+ Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., the paragraphs are automatically broken if they exceed the text width.
Note that the translation line is mandatory and must be preceded by the
command
\family typewriter
\backslash
glt
\family default
- which should be inserted verbatim in the Glosse inset (ERT is not needed,
+ which must be inserted verbatim in the gloss inset (TeX mode is not needed,
and in fact not even possible).
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Glosse
+\begin_inset Flex Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
{This is} an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-glt
-\begin_inset Quotes els
-\end_inset
+glt This is a simple example
+\end_layout
-This is a simple example
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+Note how the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the braces hold together multi-word expressions.
- In the same vein, we can make a three-line glosse:
+In the same vein, we can make a three-line gloss:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
+\begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
C'est un exemple simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
{Das ist} ein Beispiel einfach
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
{This is} an example simple
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-glt
-\begin_inset Quotes els
-\end_inset
-
-This is a simple example
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
-\end_inset
-
+\backslash
+glt This is a simple example
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the Glosse inset
+\noindent
+If you want to have numbered glosses, you can simply insert the gloss inset
to a numbered examples paragraph, as follows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Numbered Examples (consecutive)
-\begin_inset Flex Custom:Tri-Glosse
+\begin_inset Flex Tri-Glosse
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
Mein Luftkissenfahrzeug ist voller Aale
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
My skeertuig is vol palings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
My hovercraft is {full of} eels
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-glt
-\begin_inset Quotes els
+glt Do you have matches?
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Do you have matches?
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection*
+Shortcomings of LyX's glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX's glosse support is rather basic, and thus has some shortcomings, which
+ might be addressed in further releases:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Font changes are not allowed in glosses.
+ Hence, the
+\family sans
+Character Style
+\family default
+ dialog is disabled.
+ Since glosses are not hyphenated, an explicit language setting in the LaTeX
+ output is not required (in fact, it would break the output, since covington
+ does not support it).
+ However, you still might want to set the language for proper spell checking.
+ Currently, you have to do this as follows: select the text, and then issue
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-execute"
\end_inset
+
+\family sans
+language <lang>
+\family default
+, where
+\family sans
+<lang>
+\family default
+ should be replaced by the respective language, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+
+\family sans
+english
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+french
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+ngerman
+\family default
+.
+ In the LaTeX output, this setting will be suppressed.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Since the content of glosses is passed verbatim to LaTeX, LyX does not adapt
+ the encoding to the contents.
+ That means that if you use characters in the glosse which are not covered
+ by the current encoding, you will run into an error message.
+ Here are the possible workarounds to this problem:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Either enter the text outside the glosse, open
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View Source
+\family default
+ and copy the LaTeX code into the glosse,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or mark the whole glosse (from outside) and set the appropriate language
+ via
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Language\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+More Languages\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\family default
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or set the document encoding to
+\emph on
+Unicode (utf8)
+\emph default
+ via
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or check
+\emph on
+Use non-TeX fonts (via XeTeX/LuaTeX)
+\emph default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Fonts
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Page breaks can occur within glosses, which is of course not desirable.
+ A workaround is to wrap glosses into boxes (via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Box\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Frameless
+\family default
+).
+ If you want to automate this for all glosses, you can copy the following
+ code to
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX Preamble
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+% Do not break pages at two-line glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+AtBeginDocument{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+@ifundefined{linggloss}{}{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{minipage}{.7
+\backslash
+textwidth}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+gll #1}{
+\backslash
+glend
+\backslash
+end{minipage}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+\begin_inset listings
+lstparams "basicstyle={\footnotesize},language={[LaTeX]TeX}"
+inline false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+% Do not break pages at three-line glosses
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+AtBeginDocument{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+@ifundefined{lingglosss}{}{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewenvironment{linggloss}[1]{%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+begin{minipage}{.7
+\backslash
+textwidth}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+glll #1}{
+\backslash
+glend
+\backslash
+end{minipage}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might have to adapt the minipage width (
+\family typewriter
+.7
+\backslash
+textwidth
+\family default
+ in the example code) to fit your actual page width.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Optimality Theory Tableaux
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
-<features>
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Example Tableau
\begin_layout Enumerate
Concept (in small caps):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Concepts
+\begin_inset Flex Concepts
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Expression (emphasized):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Expression
+\begin_inset Flex Expression
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Meaning (in single quotes):
-\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Meaning
+\begin_inset Flex Meaning
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
is a base functionality of LyX.
However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
- (briefly) in this paper nevertheless.
+ (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A prerequisite to use LyX's IPA support is the LaTeX package
+If you use traditional LaTeX or PDFLaTeX, a prerequisite to use LyX's IPA
+ support is the LaTeX package
\emph on
tipa
\emph default
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you use XeTeX or LuaTeX (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., if you have clicked
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Use non-TeX fonts
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Fonts
+\family default
+), no extra package is needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Additionally, if you want to have instant preview, you should have the
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Phonetic symbols can be entered via
+The recommended way to insert phonetic symbols is via
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Phonetic symbols.
\family default
-You get a little frame, where you can insert the symbols using the shortcut
- notation which is described in the
+This gives you an input box (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+inset
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in LyX speak), where you can insert the symbols.
+ Note that this box can be used both for the insertion of small snippets
+ (inline) and multiple paragraphs of phonetic notation.
+ While the cursor is inside the box, a toolbar opens, which provides the
+ basic set of phonetic symbols (sorted by the IPA categories).
+ Each of the toolbar's panels can be torn off the bar by clicking on the
+ dashed line on its top.
+ This way, you can insert most symbols quite comfortably:
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[l
+\begin_inset IPADeco bottomtiebar
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ai
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+k ðɪs]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that, if you want to insert diacritics, the diacritics are inserted
+
\emph on
-tipa
+after
\emph default
- manual.
- Example:
-\begin_inset Formula $\text{\textipa{[Ekspl@"neIS@n]}}$
+ the base character.
+ That is to say, for
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+[d̥]
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you need to insert
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
+ and then the
+\family typewriter
+<voiceless>
+\family default
+ subring diacritic from the toolbar immediately after the
+\family typewriter
+<d>
+\family default
+.
+ If you need a diacritic alone, you can achieve this by inserting a blank
+ and then the diacritic, as in
+\begin_inset IPA
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ ̼
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
(
-\emph on
-tipa
-\emph default
- shortcut notation:
\family typewriter
-[Ekspl@"neIS@n
+=
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<space>+<Lingolabial from the IPA toolbar>
\family default
-]).
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
Given that
\emph on
- preview-lat
-\family sans
+ preview-latex
\emph default
-e
-\family default
-x is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
+ is installed and you have switched on instant preview (in
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Graphi
\family default
-cs), you'll get a nice preview as soon as the cursor leaves the frame.
-\end_layout
+cs), you'll get a nice WYSIWYG preview as soon as the cursor leaves the
+ box.
+ Alternatively to the toolbar, you can also insert the symbols directly
+ via the shortcut notation which is described in the
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ manual: here's
+\begin_inset IPA
\begin_layout Standard
-Furthermore, most IPA glyphs can also be inserted (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl]
+\end_layout
-via
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\end_inset
-\family default
-) or pasted directly into LyX: [ɛkspləˈneɪʃən].
- In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
-
+ (
\emph on
tipa
\emph default
- macro (if not, please inform me).
- However, please note that the former method produces better output quality
- for two reasons:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-direct input might result in a mix of fonts (in the above example, the latin
- characters are taken from the base font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font,
- whereas
+ shortcut notation:
+\family typewriter
+[@n Ig"zA:mpl
+\family default
+]).
+ Furthermore, you can insert symbols via
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Special characters\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Phonetic symbol
+Symbols\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
\family default
-s uses the IPA font for all characters)
-\end_layout
+ (which might be useful for symbols that are not yet covered by the toolbar),
+ or you can simply paste unicode-encoded text (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-the letter kerning is not preserved
+g., from other applications) into the box.
+ The output should be equal, no matter what input method you chose.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, the former method
- is recommended, and it's worth learning the (pretty intuitive) IPA shortcut
- notation.
+Note that you can also insert or paste most IPA glyphs outside the specific
+ IPA input box: [əz ʃəʊn hɪə].
+ In the output, they will be automatically transformed into the correct
+
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+ macro (if not, please inform us).
+ However, please note that this method produces inferior output quality,
+ since it will most likely result in a mix of fonts (the latin characters
+ are taken from the base document font, the IPA glyphs from the IPA font).
+ Within the IPA input box, on the other hand, the IPA font is used for all
+ characters.
+ So unless you only need to insert single IPA characters, using the IPA
+ input box is highly recommended.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff