#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 577
+\lyxformat 578
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
This paper describes some features that \SpecialChar LyX
provides to linguists.
It demonstrates how to use some native support in order to produce numbered
- examples, glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees, and phonetic
- symbols (IPA).
+ examples,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649291
+interlinear
+\change_unchanged
+glosses, OT tableaux, semantic markup, structure trees,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561275938
+Discourse Representation Structures,
+\change_unchanged
+and phonetic symbols (IPA).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Aims and prerequisites
+Aims and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1559649283
+p
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649283
+P
+\change_unchanged
+rerequisites
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-: This is the base package used for numbered examples and glosses.
+: This is the base package used for numbered examples
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561270568
+,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270570
+and
+\change_unchanged
+glosses
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561270580
+ and semantic markup
+\change_unchanged
+.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559635690
- Note that at least version 2.0 of the covington package is required to use
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561204748
+ Note that at least version 2.3 of the covington package is required to use
all features.
\change_unchanged
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561275950
+
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276155
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276156
+
+\emph on
+drs.sty
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "drs"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+: Needed for
+\emph on
+Discourse Representation Structures
+\emph default
+.
+ Note that at least version 2.3 of the covington package is required if you
+ use DRS with covington features.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276156
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "drs"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276162
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276195
+
+\emph on
+pict2e.sty
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "pict2e"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+: Needed for
+\emph on
+Duplex Condition DRS
+\emph default
+es.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276163
+Installed on your system:
+\begin_inset Info
+type "package"
+arg "pict2e"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
-Numbered examples
+Numbered
+\change_deleted -712698321 1559649278
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649278
+E
+\change_unchanged
+xamples
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Custom Numbering
+Custom Numbering
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561204890
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561205104
+ For global adjustments,
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ provides means for customization.
+ Please refer to the
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ manual
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "covington"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561205365
+As of version 2.3,
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+'s subexamples features optional arguments (to insert text between the main
+ number and the first sub-example).
+ These can be inserted via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Subexamples options
\family default
.
+ Please, again, refer to the
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ manual
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "covington"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649210
+Interlinear
+\change_unchanged
Glosses
\end_layout
\change_unchanged
\emph default
- insets consists of three lines
-\change_deleted -712698321 1559636589
- and a
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559636589
- plus
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1559648850
+insets consists of three lines and a translation
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648856
+provides an additional gloss line
+\change_unchanged
+ (th
+\change_deleted -712698321 1559648859
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648859
+is
\change_unchanged
- translation (the third line is usually needed to give morphological or
- phonological information next to the gloss pair).
+ third line is usually needed to give morphological or phonological information
+ next to the gloss pair).
Each translation line might span multiple lines in the output, i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\emph default
)
\change_unchanged
-; the procedure is the same:
+; the procedure is
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649192
+basically
+\change_unchanged
+the same:
\change_inserted -712698321 1559637107
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637135
-C'est un exemple simple
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648912
+Hoc est aliud exemplum
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637118
-\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637118
-Das ist
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- ein Beispiel einfach
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648946
+n.sg.nom 3sg n.sg.nom n.sg.nom
\change_unchanged
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637125
-\begin_inset Flex GroupGlossedWords
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648933
+This is another example
+\change_unchanged
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637125
-This is
\end_layout
\end_inset
- an example simple
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649011
+\begin_inset Argument post:3
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559648952
+This is another example
\change_unchanged
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637111
-\begin_inset Argument post:3
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
+\begin_inset ERT
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637130
-This is a simple example
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649033
+
+fsii={
+\backslash
+normalfont
+\backslash
+scshape}
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\change_unchanged
\end_layout
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649169
+Note how we have used the gloss options here to make the second line be
+ typeset in small caps.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
If you want to have numbered glosses,
-\change_inserted -712698321 1559637163
+\change_inserted -712698321 1559649116
either
\change_deleted -712698321 1559637165
simply
\backslash
renewcommand
\backslash
-lingexpr[1]{
+l
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270831
+ing
+\change_unchanged
+exp
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270833
+r
+\change_unchanged
+[1]{
\backslash
textbf{#1}}
\end_layout
\family typewriter
\backslash
-lingconcept
+l
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270840
+ing
+\change_unchanged
+con
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270844
+cept
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) and meaning (
\family typewriter
\backslash
-lingmeaning
+l
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270846
+ing
+\change_unchanged
+mean
+\change_deleted -712698321 1561270848
+ing
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) can be modified.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561270898
+ Please refer to the
+\emph on
+covington
+\emph default
+ manual
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "covington"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
via
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Custom Insets
+Custom Inset
\family default
.
Within this inset, you can insert the bracket notation used by
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276366
+Discourse Representation Structures
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
- is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276535
+The linguistics module provides some insets to draw
+\emph on
+Discourse Representation Structures
+\emph default
+ (DRSes) in the box notation introduced in
+\noun on
+Hans Kamp
+\noun default
+'s
+\emph on
+Discourse Representation Theory
+\emph default
+.
+ These insets can be found in
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Inset
+\family default
.
- However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
- (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
- or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
-, a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
-'s IPA support is
- the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- package
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561300882
+A simple DRS is produced by
+\family sans
+Discourse Representation Structure
+\family default
+.
+ A DRS consists of the
\emph on
-tipa
+conditions
\emph default
+, which have to be inserted into the inset directly, and the (possibly empty)
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "tipa"
-literal "true"
+\emph on
+referents
+\emph default
+ (or
+\emph on
+universe
+\emph default
+ in DRTese), which have to be input in the (automatically inserted)
+\emph on
+Referents
+\emph default
+ sub-inset.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276845
+If it is not inserted, you can also insert it via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+DRS Referents
+\family default
+.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
+ Line breaks in conditions need to be done via
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is a simple example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561277426
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex DRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276618
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276576
+x
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561277217
+donkey(x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+green(x)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561278779
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+DRSes get some extra spacing for better positioning on the page.
+ The
+\family sans
+unspaced
+\family default
+ variant comes without this extra spacing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282534
+In addition to this simple DRS, the following conditional DRSes are provided
+ (mainly for nesting into simple DRSes):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282617
+The
+\family sans
+If-Then DRS
+\family default
+ represents a conditional (implicational) sentence constructions of the
+ form
+\emph on
+if S
+\begin_inset script subscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279387
+
+\emph off
+1
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ then S
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset script subscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279395
+2
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279897
+\begin_inset Flex IfThen-DRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279544
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280450
+x
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280496
+John(x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+donkey(y)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+own(x,y)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279603
+\begin_inset Argument post:1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279599
+z
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+w
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279579
+\begin_inset Argument post:2
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280579
+z = x
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+w = y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+feed(z,w)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282668
+The
+\family sans
+Conditional DRS
+\family default
+ is a more general case where you can specify an arbitrary condition (rather
+ than using the implicational condition).
+ You can insert any symbol in the condition sub-inset:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281161
+\begin_inset Flex Cond-DRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280361
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280351
+x
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280787
+John(x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+donkey(y)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+own(x,y)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279982
+\begin_inset Argument post:1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280653
+\begin_inset Formula $\wedge\!\,$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279982
+\begin_inset Argument post:2
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280702
+z
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+w
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561279982
+\begin_inset Argument post:3
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561280703
+z = x
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+w = y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+love(w,z)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281199
+The
+\family sans
+Duplex Condition DRS
+\family default
+ can be used to insert duplex conditions:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281613
+\begin_inset Flex QDRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281297
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281237
+x
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281305
+x
+\begin_inset Formula $\in$
+\end_inset
+
+ X
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281209
+\begin_inset Argument post:1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281317
+every
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281209
+\begin_inset Argument post:2
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281320
+x
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281209
+\begin_inset Argument post:3
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281327
+y
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281209
+\begin_inset Argument post:4
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282714
+secretary(y)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+hire(x,y)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281636
+The
+\family sans
+Negated DRS
+\family default
+ adds a DRS preceded by a negation symbol:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281719
+\begin_inset Flex NegDRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281667
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281667
+x
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281697
+donkey(x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+green(x)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281800
+Finally,
+\family sans
+DRS with Sentence above
+\family default
+ lets you do what it promises: adding a sentence above the box representation:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282183
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex SDRS
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281911
+\begin_inset Argument 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281859
+A donkey is green
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281886
+\begin_inset Argument 2
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281888
+x
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561281854
+donkey(x)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+green(x)
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282246
+The
+\emph on
+drs
+\emph default
+ package provides some means to customize the layout and appearance of the
+ DRS boxes.
+ Please refer to the package manual
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "drs"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Phonetic Symbols (IPA)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You do not need the Linguistics module to insert phonetic symbols, this
+ is a base functionality of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ However, since this is frequently used by linguists, we will describe it
+ (briefly) in this manual nevertheless.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use traditional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ or PDF\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, a prerequisite to use \SpecialChar LyX
+'s IPA support is
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\emph on
+tipa
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "tipa"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which is automatically loaded by \SpecialChar LyX
if you follow the procedure described
below.
If you use Unicode fonts (i.
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276082
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276305
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "drs"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The drs
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+package:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561282286
+
+https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/drs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276282
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276302
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "pict2e"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The pict2e package:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1561276288
+
+https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/pict2e
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff