\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes true
+\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict false
-\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
\end_header
\begin_body
fin du dernier élément de le première liste désirée et utilisez le menu
\family sans
-Édition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Début de nouvel environnement
-\family default
-.
- Ceci insère un séparateur ordinaire (une ligne rouge dans la fenêtre \SpecialChar LyX
-),
- la nouvelle liste est après.
- Le menu
-\family sans
-Édition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Début de nouvel environnement parent
-\family default
- n'apparaît que si l'élément est encapsulé.
- Il ne fait pas que mettre une séparation dans la liste, il en en crée une
- nouvelle en dehors de l'encapsulation.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711363
-
-\lang ngerman
-
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711363
+Insertion\SpecialChar menuseparator
\lang english
-NEW: To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end
- of a list item and use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Separated <Name> Above
\family default
- or
+\lang french
+ ou
\family sans
- Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Insertion\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\lang english
Separated <Name> Below
\family default
+\lang french
.
- This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and before or behind it the
- new list.
- Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
+ Ceci insère un séparateur ordinaire (une ligne rouge dans la fenêtre \SpecialChar LyX
+)
+ et la nouvelle liste avant ou après.
+
+\lang english
+Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
.
- L'option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
\lang english
-
+The option
\family sans
-\lang french
-Exporter les tirets de longueur en et &em comme des ligatures
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
- utiliser les ligatures -- et --- à la place
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\lang english
-of a sigle character
-\lang french
- pour les tirets de longueur en et em.
+Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ input encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
\family sans
-/ AltGr
+
\family default
key).
- Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
-\family sans
-\lang french
-Insertion\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Caractère
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-spécial\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symboles
-\family default
-\lang english
- or with the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-unicode-insert
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- \SpecialChar LyX
- function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
- and 2014 for the en dash).
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
\family default
- or the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+ or using the
+\family typewriter
unicode-insert
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family default
\SpecialChar LyX
- function.
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
-Whether line breaks at dashes are allowed depends on the use case and locale:
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\lang english
-In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash in ranges of
- values such as 1975–1982, but no line break should occur if only a single
- character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
-The dashes that are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- by default generally allow for line breaks
- after en-dashes and em-dashes.
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (-- and ---).
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows line breaks after hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Enumerate
\lang english
-Please note:
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– can be prevented using protected spaces.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
\lang english
-Unwanted line breaks can be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+Unwanted line breaks after dashes can be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
\lang french
\begin_inset Foot
\lang english
-, using protected spaces or preceding with
+ or preceding with
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\lang english
-368–9
+36–39
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
-\lang english
-With spaced en dashes
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-– common e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- in British English and generally recommended by
-\emph on
-The Elements of Typographic Style
-\emph default
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-– line breaks should not occur before the dash.
+même
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Les incises –
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
log.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\lang english
-The default dashes output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- disable hyphenation in words adjacent to hyphens
- and ligature dashes.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
-.
- In this case optional line breaks after individual
-\family sans
- dashes
-\family default
- can be re-allowed via the menu
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code).
+ Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
\lang english
Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-as common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-should be broken
- after the dash.
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
-Note: Up to \SpecialChar LyX
-
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.1, you could insert en-dashes and em-dashes as -- and ---, respectively;
- they were automatically merged to proper (breakable) dashes in the output,
- but kept as consecutive hyphen characters in the LyX document.
- If you inserted literal dash characters, however, they were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- as
-\emph on
-non-breakable
-\emph default
- dashes (this was actually rather by accident than intentionally, but some
- used these two forms of dashes deliberately).
- As of \SpecialChar LyX
+\lang french
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Césure"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\lang english
+With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
+ or en dashes (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2, things work differently: consecutive hyphens are merged to dashes immediatel
-y in the input.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\lang french
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Césure"
+
+\end_inset
+
\lang english
-The behavior was changed since it led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
-, text export,
- HTML export and the PDF export.
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
- If you copy consecutive hyphens, by contrast, they are output as consecutive
- hyphen characters.
- An unintended consequence of this change was that all dashes now were output
- as non-breakable dashes.
- Since furthermore, in order to maintain the output, occurrences of consecutive
- hyphens in documents that were saved by \SpecialChar LyX
+\lang english
+Changes and backwards compatibility
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.1 or earlier versions, were converted to literal en- and em-dash characters,
- respectively, these were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- in \SpecialChar LyX
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset space ~
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-2.2 as
+ retain the line-break properties of hyphens while literal dash characters
+ are regarded by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
\emph on
non-breakable
\emph default
- dashes as well.
- An obvious drawback of all this was that it resulted in different line
- breaks in some documents.
- \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3, by contrast and as outlined above, outputs
-\emph on
-breakable
-\emph default
- dashes by default, so if you load a document saved previous to LyX 2.2,
- you should get the identical output with LyX 2.3 for the dashes inserted
- with -- and ---.
- Furthermore, \SpecialChar LyX
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset space ~
+Ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-2.3 provides the aforementioned option
-\family sans
-Disallow line breaks after dashes
+ in documents from earlier versions are converted to literal dash characters
+ (except in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
\family default
- in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts.
-
+ font); typed in consecutive hyphens are merged to dash characters immediately
+ after the input (unless the current text font is
+\family typewriter
+type
\family default
- It is off by default but selected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+writer).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+The behavior was changed since
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-2.2 in order to maintain line breaking between \SpecialChar LyX
- 2.2 and 2.3 (so these document
- have non-breakable dashes).
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+lyx --help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s dash handling:
-\end_layout
+ became
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+lyx –help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\lang english
-If you used only literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
+ An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+ This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2 documents, you must manually select
-\family sans
-Disallow line breaks after dashes
-\family default
- to ensure unchanged behavior.
-
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Standard
\lang english
-If you used both literal and --/--- dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+\SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
- shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
-\end_layout
+2.3 outputs
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default.
+ When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\lang english
-Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
- documents that follow literal
- em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+2.2 or earlier and containing literal dash characters not followed by whitespace,
+ the setting
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
+\series bold
+Warning:
+\series default
+ If you used both literal and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset space ~
+ligature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-2.3.
- If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
- space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
.
+
+\lang english
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not hyphenate text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514711582
-Début de nouvel environnement/Début de nouvel environnement parent
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514711582
-Ces menus ne sont visibles que s'il est possible d'avoir deux environnements
- consécutifs de même type.
- Voir la section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Emboîtements"
-
-\end_inset
-
- pour une explication.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Le menu Affichage
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711591
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711598
-Début de nouvel environnement
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711602
-above/below
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\family sans
+\lang english
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514711591
Ces menus ne sont visibles que s'il est possible d'avoir deux environnements
consécutifs de même type.
Voir la section
\end_inset
pour une explication.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
projects / features.git / blobdiff