\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Versión 2.2.x
+Versión 2.3.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Predeterminado
\family default
y una lista de las tipografías disponibles en el sistema.
- La opción
-\family sans
-Predeterminado
-\family default
- usa las tipografías estándar de \SpecialChar TeX
-, conocidas como
+
+\lang english
+With LyX's default font encoding, this is a look-alike of
+\lang spanish
+ la tipografía estándar de \SpecialChar TeX
+,
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
-) o
+):
+\lang english
+either
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+or the bitmap font
+\lang spanish
+
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
ec
\family default
).
+
+\lang english
+However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Como
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- y
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- son tipografías mapa de bits, a menudo se ven pixeladas en la salida PDF,
- sobre todo si se lee con ampliación.
+ eres una tipografía mapa de bits, a menudo se va pixelada en la salida
+ PDF, sobre todo si se lee con ampliación.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
- como tipografía predeterminadas.En la mayoría de los casos tienen un aspecto
- semejante a
+ como tipografía predeterminadas.
+ En la mayoría de los casos tienen un aspecto semejante a
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Modern
+\family default
+,
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-, pero
+ pero
\family sans
Latin
\begin_inset space ~
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Elegir la tipografía
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- en el caso (raro) de que
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- no esté disponible o no funcione, y se desee emular el aspecto de
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- se refiere a
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-Almost European
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- y es una tipografía virtual.
- Virtual significa que
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-roba
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- perfiles de otras tipografías.
- Esto tiene la desventaja de que algunos caracteres se pierden, como las
- comillas francesas, (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- y
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Este problema se soluciona cargando el paquete \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-, paquetes ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- en el preámbulo, con la línea
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, y que los caracteres acentuados no se forman con
-\emph on
-uno
-\emph default
- sino con
-\emph on
-dos
-\emph default
- caracteres, el acento y la letra.
- Por esto no puedes buscar palabras con acentos en documentos creados con
- la tipografía
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
-.
- Por ejemplo.
- si buscas la palabra francesa
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-brève
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- en un PDF, no obtienes ningún resultado, porque el visor PDF busca el carácter
-
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-è
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- y no los caracteres
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
Si no nos agrada el aspecto de
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Standard
En \SpecialChar LyX
-, el carácter
+, el
+\lang english
+symbol
+\lang spanish
+
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes crd
\end_inset
- dispone de cuatro longitudes,
+ dispone de cuatro
+\lang english
+variants
+\lang spanish
+,
\emph on
guión
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\lang english
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
\family sans
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+/ AltGr
+\family default
+key).
+ Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
Carácter especial\SpecialChar menuseparator
Símbolos
+\family default
+\lang english
+ or with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang spanish
+o «--» en texto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Carácter especial\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Símbolos
+\lang english
+system key combination
+\lang spanish
+ o «–-» en texto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-La semirraya y la raya se pueden generar también insertando el carácter
- «
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-» varias veces.
- En la salida se mostrarán los guiones con su longitud apropiada, pero no
- en \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- «-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+
+\lang english
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
--» genera una semirraya y «-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
--» una raya.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Los tres tipos de guión son distintos del signo menos, que se usa en modo
- matemático y tiene su propia longitud.
+Los tipos de guión son distintos del signo menos, que se usa en modo matemático
+ y tiene su propia longitud.
Aquí tenemos unos ejemplos de uso de
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-De A–Z
+De A–Z; paginas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raya_(puntuaci%C3%B3n)"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\lang english
+Dashes and line breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Whether line breaks around dashes are allowed depends on the use case and
+ locale:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+No line breaks are allowed in ranges of values like A–Z or 1975–1982.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+When using spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- common in British English
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- line breaks before the dash can be prevented with protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+When using em dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+one can insert
+ optional line breaks with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select the
+ option
+\lang spanish
+
+\family sans
+Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\lang english
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
+
+\family default
+This forces the output of dashes as
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
+ by an optional line break.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Caution:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+This results in optional line breaks after
+\series bold
+all
+\series default
+ en and em dashes.
+ Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Véase sección
+\emph on
+Evitar la partición de palabras
+\emph default
+ del manual
+\emph on
+Objetos insertados
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+369–378
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang french
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate
+\series default
+ setting.
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\family default
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+Em dashes in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts become
+\family typewriter
+–-
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+---
+\family default
+ in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2, -- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Occurrences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes.
+ This led to different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 provides the option
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
+
+\family default
+ It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you must manually unselect
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+If you used both, literal and ligature dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behaviour.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3.
+ If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
División de palabras con guión
\begin_inset Index idx
y lo interpreta como posibilidad de ruptura, lo que en este caso quedaría
feo.
- Para impedir que se parta esa secuencia de letras, puedes ponerla en un
- cuadro, tal como se describe en la sección
+ Para impedir que se parta esa secuencia de letras, puedes
+\lang english
+use a protected hyphen
+\lang spanish
+(
+\family sans
+Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formato\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\lang english
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+\lang spanish
+) o ponerla en un cuadro, tal como se describe en la sección
\emph on
Evitar la partición de palabras
\emph default
But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
Those are addressed by
-\noun on
-Biblatex
-\noun default
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
.
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
-\noun on
-Biblatex
-\noun default
- reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+\lang ngerman
+I
+\lang english
+t reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
(although it has been significantly
extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
's scope)
\begin_layout Standard
+\lang ngerman
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings
+\lang spanish
+ (menú
+\family sans
+Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Configuración
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Documentos ! Configuración
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang ngerman
+under
+\family sans
+\lang english
+Bibliography
+\family default
+\lang ngerman
+ the
+\family sans
+\lang english
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+\lang ngerman
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
\lang english
-Both approaches are described in turn.
+Biblatex
+\family default
+\lang ngerman
+ format.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Para usar una base de datos está el menú
+Para
+\lang english
+access
+\lang spanish
+ una base de datos
+\lang english
+via
+\lang spanish
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ está el menú
\family sans
Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
Índices\SpecialChar menuseparator
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-BibTeX
+Bib(la)TeX
\family default
.
Surge una ventana en la que puedes añadir una o más bases de datos y selecciona
-r un archivo de estilo y después se inserta un recuadro gris.
+r un archivo de estilo Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ y después se inserta un recuadro gris.
La opción
\family sans
Añadir bibliografía al IG
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-El archivo de estilo es un archivo de texto con extensión
+El archivo de estilo Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ es un archivo de texto con extensión
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\end_inset
-
+
+\lang english
+In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style
+\family sans
+alphadin.bst
+\family default
+, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
+ Institute (DIN).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
descrito en la sección anterior.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliografía ! Biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-Para generar la bibliografía a partir de una base de datos, \SpecialChar LyX
- utiliza el
- programa
+
+\lang english
+Accessing a database via
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
+ is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+: Use
+\lang spanish
+ el menú
\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Índices\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliografía
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Bib(la)TeX
\family default
.
- Puedes elegir cual de sus variantes debería usar \SpecialChar LyX
- como procesador: en
+
+\lang english
+In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ you cannot select a
\family sans
- Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Configuración\SpecialChar menuseparator
+style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with
+\lang spanish
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
+ the file extension
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bbx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.cbx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
+ styles are not set in the
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
Bibliografía
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bib(la)TeX
\family default
- o en
+\lang english
+ dialog, but in the document settings
+\lang spanish
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Documentos ! Configuración
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+ However, in the dialog in the
\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are deescribed in detail in the
+\series bold
+\lang ngerman
+biblatex
+\series default
+\lang english
+ manual,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+La inserción de referencias a citas bibliográficas funciona como ya se ha
+ descrito en la sección
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:El-entorno-Bibliografía"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\lang english
+Bibliography Processors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Para generar la bibliografía a partir de una base de datos, \SpecialChar LyX
+ utiliza
+\lang english
+ a bibliography processor, that is an external program that reads the database,
+ sorts the citations and processes the data in a way it can be included
+ in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
+ LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
+ You can do this on a general level in
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
Herramientas\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferencias\SpecialChar menuseparator
Salidas\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX
\family default
+\lang english
+ or for individual documents in
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
+Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Configuración\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliografía
+\family default
+\lang english
.
- Son posibles las siguientes variantes:
+ The following variants are available by default:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-biber provee soporte Unicode completo, memoria ilimitada, no funciona con
- otros paquetes de bibliografía (como p.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+biber
+\lang english
+a specific, modern processor
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! biber
+\end_layout
-ej.
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\lang english
+ developed exclusively for
\series bold
-natbib
+biblatex
\series default
-), solo con el paquete
+ (it does not work with
+\lang spanish
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+!).
+
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provee soporte Unicode completo, memoria ilimitada y
+\lang english
+many specific features
\series bold
biblatex
\series default
-; recomendado para textos multilingües y para idiomas que no usen tipografías
- latinas
+ makes use of; if you use the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ approach, it is strongly recommended to use
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
bibtex predeterminado; no permite en las entradas caracteres especiales
que no se pueden codificar en 7 bits, memoria limitada, funciona con todos
- los paquetes de bibliografía, excepto
+ los paquetes de bibliografía,
+\lang english
+although it will probably fail with
\series bold
biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 permite todos los caracteres que se pueden codificar en 8 bits,
- memoria más amplia que
+bibtex8 permite todos los caracteres que se pueden codificar en 8 bits (
+\lang english
+but no Unicode support
+\lang spanish
+), memoria más amplia que
\family sans
bibtex
\family default
-, funciona con todos los paquetes de bibliografía
+, funciona con todos los paquetes de bibliografía,
+\lang english
+although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ features are supported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- puede controlarse con opciones que puedes añadir bajo la especificación
- de la variante.
- Antes de añadir ninguna opción, se recomienda encarecidamente leer el manual
- de
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\lang english
+By default (with the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ set in
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
+Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Configuración\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliografía
+\family default
+\lang english
+ and with
+\family sans
+Automatic
+\family default
+ as setting for the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
+Herramientas\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferencias\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Salidas\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+), \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\lang english
+selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+ for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based bibliography styles).
+ This should suit most needs.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lang english
+In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+pbibtex
+\family default
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
+ You can adjust it in
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
+Herramientas\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferencias\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Salidas\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lang english
+Selected bibliography processors
+\lang spanish
+ puede controlarse con opciones que puedes añadir bajo la
+\lang english
+selection
+\lang spanish
+.
+ Antes de añadir ninguna opción, se recomienda encarecidamente leer el manual
+ de Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ o
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+key "BibTeX,biber"
literal "true"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Si seleccionas la opción
-\family sans
-Bibliografía por secciones
-\family default
- en
-\family sans
-Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Configuración\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliografía
-\family default
-, es posible tener múltiples bibliografías ordenadas en secciones.
- Esto y otras características se explica con detalle en la sección
-\emph on
-Personalizar bibliografías con Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\emph default
- del manual
-\emph on
-Características adicionales.
+\lang english
+Customizing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-En este documento hemos utilizado dos bibliografías para mostrar la diferencia
- entre las dos formas de crearlas.
- Como se ve, la bibliografía creada a partir de una base de datos contiene
- solo las entradas que son referidas en el documento.
- El estilo utilizado es
-\family sans
-alphadin.bst
-\family default
-, que genera el complicado esquema alemán de claves de referencia de la
- bibliografía.
+
+\lang english
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
+ bibliographies.
+ These are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Biblatex
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Puedes poner un estilo especial de cita en la ventana de referencia de cita.
- Para esto debes habilitar la opción
-\family sans
-NatBib
-\family default
- en el menú
+
+\lang english
+Many different citation formats are common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+numerical citation (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Mil08
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) or author-year citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Miller (2008a)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
+ files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
+ In
\family sans
+\lang spanish
Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
Configuración\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliografía
\end_inset
+\lang english
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+as
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+\lang spanish
+
+\lang english
+which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:El-entorno-Bibliografía"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+ for details).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+With a bibliography database (see
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bases-datos-bibliográficos"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Basic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Biblatex loads the package
+\lang spanish
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Biblatex bibliography style
+\family default
+ below.
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate the
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ behavior very closely.
+ Compared to normal
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ this option has some additional styles.
+ All
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are also supported by this variant.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\lang spanish
+
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! jurabib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\lang spanish
+
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+, paquetes ! natbib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+The
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\family default
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ citation styles.
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
\family sans
+Variant
+\family default
+.
+ Note that for the
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea.
+ Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
+ With
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\family default
+, on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lang english
+For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
+ are available in the
+\family sans
+Citation
\family default
- En dicho menú puedes establecer el estilo de cita por omisión.
- Si pones un estilo de cita para una referencia prevalecerá sobre la opción
- por omisión.
- Para el estilo global usa los archivos de estilo de Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- como se explica
- en la sección anterior.
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
+ a name prefix such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+use or don't use
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+et al.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-En la ventana de referencia de cita también puedes poner un texto para que
- aparezca antes o después de la referencia.
+
+\lang english
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ with or without
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+pp.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+
+\lang spanish
Aquí hay un ejemplo en el que el texto
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+All styles except for
+\family sans
+Basic (BibTeX)
+\family default
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cf.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
+ this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
+ Some
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+qualified citation lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports this.
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
+\family sans
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
+\family sans
+Selected Citations
+\family default
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+before
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
+.
+ If you double-click on an item's
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+before
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
+ field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
+ In the
+\family sans
+General text before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+General text after
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Índice alfabético
\begin_inset Index idx
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output
+\lang spanish
+.
+ Véase la sección
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Salto
\begin_inset space ~
justificada Fuerza un salto de línea de forma que la línea se expande hasta
el margen, véase la sección
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
+ This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family typewriter
+M
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+S
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+C
+\family default
+ for
+\family sans
+Meta/Alt
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+, respectively) as well as to the other keys.
+ Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
+ in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
+ the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
+ a model).
+ So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
+\family sans
+Alt+Shift+:
+\family default
+, you needed to specify it as
+\family typewriter
+M-S-colon
+\family default
+.
+ If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
+ these specifics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ transforms your input to the correct syntax.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Teclado / Ratón
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "natbib"
+key "biber"
literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentación"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/natbib.pdf"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf"
literal "false"
\end_inset
del paquete \SpecialChar LaTeX
\series bold
-natbib
+biber
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
-, paquetes ! natbib
+, paquetes ! biber
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/natbib/natbib.pdf
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff