Predeterminado
\family default
y una lista de las tipografías disponibles en el sistema.
- La opción
-\family sans
-Predeterminado
-\family default
- usa las tipografías estándar de \SpecialChar TeX
-, conocidas como
+
+\lang english
+With LyX's default font encoding, this is a look-alike of
+\lang spanish
+ la tipografía estándar de \SpecialChar TeX
+,
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
-) o
+):
+\lang english
+either
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+or the bitmap font
+\lang spanish
+
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
ec
\family default
).
+
+\lang english
+However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Como
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- y
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- son tipografías mapa de bits, a menudo se ven pixeladas en la salida PDF,
- sobre todo si se lee con ampliación.
+ eres una tipografía mapa de bits, a menudo se va pixelada en la salida
+ PDF, sobre todo si se lee con ampliación.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
- como tipografía predeterminadas.En la mayoría de los casos tienen un aspecto
- semejante a
+ como tipografía predeterminadas.
+ En la mayoría de los casos tienen un aspecto semejante a
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Modern
+\family default
+,
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-, pero
+ pero
\family sans
Latin
\begin_inset space ~
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Elegir la tipografía
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- en el caso (raro) de que
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- no esté disponible o no funcione, y se desee emular el aspecto de
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- se refiere a
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-Almost European
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- y es una tipografía virtual.
- Virtual significa que
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-roba
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- perfiles de otras tipografías.
- Esto tiene la desventaja de que algunos caracteres se pierden, como las
- comillas francesas, (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- y
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Este problema se soluciona cargando el paquete \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-, paquetes ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- en el preámbulo, con la línea
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-, y que los caracteres acentuados no se forman con
-\emph on
-uno
-\emph default
- sino con
-\emph on
-dos
-\emph default
- caracteres, el acento y la letra.
- Por esto no puedes buscar palabras con acentos en documentos creados con
- la tipografía
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
-.
- Por ejemplo.
- si buscas la palabra francesa
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-brève
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- en un PDF, no obtienes ningún resultado, porque el visor PDF busca el carácter
-
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-è
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
- y no los caracteres
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
Si no nos agrada el aspecto de
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Standard
En \SpecialChar LyX
-, el carácter
+, el
+\lang english
+symbol
+\lang spanish
+
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes crd
\end_inset
- dispone de cuatro longitudes,
+ dispone de cuatro
+\lang english
+variants
+\lang spanish
+,
\emph on
guión
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-tecla «
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-»
-\end_layout
+tecla «
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+»
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+semirraya
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
+\family sans
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+/ AltGr
+\family default
+key).
+ Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
+\family sans
+\lang spanish
+Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Carácter especial\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Símbolos
+\family default
+\lang english
+ or with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang spanish
+o «--» en texto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+raya
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+—
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+system key combination
+\lang spanish
+ o «–-» en texto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+menos
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+«
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+» en modo matemático
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Los tipos de guión son distintos del signo menos, que se usa en modo matemático
+ y tiene su propia longitud.
+ Aquí tenemos unos ejemplos de uso de
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+División de palabras a final de lí-nea
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+guión
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+De A–Z; paginas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+semirraya
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Incisos y diálogos.
+ ¡Oh! ―aquí hay rayas―.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+raya
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+menos
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raya_(puntuaci%C3%B3n)"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\lang english
+Dashes and line breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Whether line breaks around dashes are allowed depends on the use case and
+ locale:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+No line breaks are allowed in ranges of values like A–Z or 1975–1982.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+When using spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- common in British English
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- line breaks before the dash can be prevented with protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+When using em dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+one can insert
+ optional line breaks with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select the
+ option
+\lang spanish
+
+\family sans
+Documento\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\lang english
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
+
+\family default
+This forces the output of dashes as
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
+ by an optional line break.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+Caution:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+This results in optional line breaks after
+\series bold
+all
+\series default
+ en and em dashes.
+ Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\lang spanish
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Véase sección
+\emph on
+Evitar la partición de palabras
+\emph default
+ del manual
+\emph on
+Objetos insertados
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang english
+369–378
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\lang french
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-semirraya
+même
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-–
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Carácter especial\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Símbolos
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-raya
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang english
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-—
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\lang english
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Carácter especial\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Símbolos
-\end_layout
+\lang english
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate
+\series default
+ setting.
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-menos
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\family default
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
-\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-«
+\lang english
+Em dashes in
\family typewriter
--
+typewriter
\family default
-» en modo matemático
+ fonts become
+\family typewriter
+–-
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+---
+\family default
+ in the output.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\end_inset
+\lang english
+Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\lang english
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+2.2, -- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\lang english
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Standard
-La semirraya y la raya se pueden generar también insertando el carácter
- «
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-» varias veces.
- En la salida se mostrarán los guiones con su longitud apropiada, pero no
- en \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- «-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
--» genera una semirraya y «-
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
--» una raya.
-\end_layout
+ Occurrences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes.
+ This led to different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Standard
-Los tres tipos de guión son distintos del signo menos, que se usa en modo
- matemático y tiene su propia longitud.
- Aquí tenemos unos ejemplos de uso de
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+2.3 provides the option
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
-\family typewriter
--
\family default
+ It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-División de palabras a final de lí-nea
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+2.2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-guión
-\emph default
-)
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-De A–Z
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-semirraya
-\emph default
-)
+2.2 documents, you must manually unselect
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Incisos y diálogos.
- ¡Oh! ―aquí hay rayas―.
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+If you used both, literal and ligature dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-raya
-\emph default
-)
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behaviour.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang english
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+2.3.
+ If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-menos
-\emph default
-)
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
y lo interpreta como posibilidad de ruptura, lo que en este caso quedaría
feo.
- Para impedir que se parta esa secuencia de letras, puedes ponerla en un
- cuadro, tal como se describe en la sección
+ Para impedir que se parta esa secuencia de letras, puedes
+\lang english
+use a protected hyphen
+\lang spanish
+(
+\family sans
+Insertar\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formato\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\lang english
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+\lang spanish
+) o ponerla en un cuadro, tal como se describe en la sección
\emph on
Evitar la partición de palabras
\emph default
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\lang english
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output
+\lang spanish
+.
+ Véase la sección
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\lang english
+for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Salto
\begin_inset space ~
justificada Fuerza un salto de línea de forma que la línea se expande hasta
el margen, véase la sección
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff