\myTOC
\mainmatter }
-% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
-\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
- L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
- {LyX}}
-
% define a short command for \textvisiblespace
\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
\use_default_options false
\begin_modules
customHeadersFooters
+enumitem
\end_modules
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author 5863208 "ab"
\end_header
\begin_body
Also check the appropriate section of this manual for more details.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Tables
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\emph on
-Single click
-\emph default
- the right mouse button to open a dialog that will allow you to manipulate
- the table.
-\end_layout
-
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
Navigating
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
+Input / Word Completion
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:Input-Completion"
\end_inset
-Input / Word Completion
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
by deselecting the option
\family sans
-Cursor indicator
+Cursor
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+indicator
\family default
.
With the option
\family sans
-Automatic inline completion
+Automatic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+inline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+completion
\family default
the proposed completion is shown directly behind the cursor position.
To accept this proposal, use the
\family default
There is no such thing as a tab stop in LyX.
- If you don't understand this, go read sections
+ If you do not understand this, go read sections
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-You'll learn more and more key bindings and short-cut keys as you use LyX,
- because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar at the
- bottom of LyX's main window which describe the name of the action, you've
- just triggered, and any existing key bindings for that action.
+You will learn more and more key bindings and short-cut keys as you use
+ LyX, because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar
+ at the bottom of LyX's main window which describe the name of the action,
+ you've just triggered, and any existing key bindings for that action.
The LyX menus also list the defined key bindings.
The notation for the key bindings is very similar to the notation used
in this documentation, so you should not have any problems understanding
\family default
under
\family sans
-Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Shortcuts
\family default
as explained in sec.
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Local Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\end_inset
.
- See chapter 5 of the Customization manual for information on how to use
- it.
+ See section
+\emph on
+Local Layout
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual for information on how to use it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\family sans
Fancy
\family default
- This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
- have the
+ This allows you to define fully customizable headers and footers if you
+ have the LaTeX-package
\series bold
fancyhdr
\series default
\end_inset
- package installed.
- At the moment, support in LyX is limited to this setting.
- To use the full power of this package, you have to add code to your document
- preamble.
- Check the documentation for the
-\series bold
-fancyhdr
-\series default
- package for more details,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "fancyhdr"
+ installed.
+ How they are defined is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Separation
-\family default
- of paragraphs is described in section
+The separation of paragraphs is described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
+reference "sub:Paragraph-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
+name "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You'll find the following options in the menu
+You find the following options in the menu
\family sans
Page
\begin_inset space ~
Layout
\family default
- of the dialog of the
+ of the
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- menu:
+ dialog:
\family sans
\begin_inset Index idx
\family sans
Orientation
\family default
- Two toggle buttons choose whether to print the output as
+ To choose whether to output as
\family sans
Landscape
\family default
all
\emph default
of these pre-coded spacings.
- We'll explain more later.
+ We will explain more later.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Paragraph Separation
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Paragraph-Separation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are 5 types of unnumbered section headings.
- They are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Part*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Chapter*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Section*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Subsection*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Subsubsection*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
+The unnumbered section headings have a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- after each name means that these headings are not numbered.
- They work the same as their numbered counterparts but won't appear in the
- table of contents, see section
+ at the end of their name.
+ They work the same as their numbered counterparts but will not appear in
+ the table of contents, see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Letters
+Customized Lists
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Letters
+Lists ! Customized
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
-: An Overview
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
- environments called
+To use the features described in this section, you must load the module
+
\family sans
-Address
+Customisable Lists (enumitem)
\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+ in the document settings.
+ This loads the features of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
-Address
-\family default
-.
- To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
- in a specific order, otherwise LaTeX gags on the document.
- In contrast, you can use the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-Address
-\family default
- paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
- You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
- anything in them.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, you're not limited to using
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Address
-\family default
- for letters only.
-
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Address
-\family default
-, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
- some European academic papers.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Usage
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Address-Usage"
+Custom Enumerate Lists
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Enumerate ! Custom
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+\noindent
+The default numbering of numbered lists can be changed by adding an optional
+ argument (menu
\family sans
-Address
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Short Title
\family default
- environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
- for the opening and signature in some countries.
- Similarly, the
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+) to the first item of each level in the list.
+ There you add the command
+\end_layout
-Address
-\family default
- environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
- is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
- Here's an example of each:
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+label=
+\backslash
+roman{enumi}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Right Address
-Right Address
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Standard
+in TeX Code (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
-Who I am
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more about TeX Code, look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Where I am
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
\end_inset
-When is it? What is today?
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Address
-\family default
+
+\emph on
+ enumi
+\emph default
+ is hereby the counter of the enumeration in the first level.
+ The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ outputs the counter as small Roman numeral.
+ For capital Roman numerals replace in the command above
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Roman
+\series default
.
- Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which LyX sets to
- fit the largest block of text on a single line.
- Here's an example of the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- environment:
-\end_layout
+ For Arabic numerals use
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Address
-Who are you
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\backslash
+arabic
+\series default
+.
+ To
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Where do I send this
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+number
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Your post office and country
+ items with capital or small Latin letters use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Alph
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alph
+\series default
+, respectively.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, both
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\noindent
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-Address
-\family default
- add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
- If you hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- in either of these environments, LyX resets the nesting depth and sets
- the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- This makes sense, since
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- is the
-\family typewriter
-break-paragraph
-\family default
- function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
- Thus, you have to use
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- or
-\family sans
-Formatting
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can only number 26
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+items with Latin letters, because this numbering is limited to single letters.
+\end_layout
-Break
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
- menu) to start a new line in an
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Address
-\family default
- environment.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Academic Writing
+\begin_layout Standard
+To change the numbering for the list sublevels, replace the 'i' in the command
+ by the small Roman numeral of the level (enumi, enumii, enumiii, enumiv).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
- or list of references.
- LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.
+As example a list with custom numbering:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Abstracts
+
+label=
+\backslash
+#
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}
+\backslash
+#
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is used for the abstract of an article.
- Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
- only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
- Also, don't bother trying to nest
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa.
- It won't work.
- The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
- The book document classes ignores the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- completely, and it's utterly silly to use
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in a letter document class.
+\end_inset
+
+Level 1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}.
+\backslash
+arabic{enumii}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment does several things for you.
- First, it puts the centered label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- above the text.
- The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
- space.
- Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
- Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
- the subsequent text.
- Well, that's how it will appear on the LyX screen.
- The appearance in the output depends on the used article or report class.
+Level 2
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Starting a new paragraph by hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- The new paragraph will still be in the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment.
- So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
- finish entering the abstract of your document.
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Level 2
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/Abstract.pdf
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+label=
+\backslash
+bf{
+\backslash
+arabic{enumiii}}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+
+Level 3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph in the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment
+label=
+\backslash
+emph{
+\backslash
+roman{enumiv})}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+Level 4
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+For this list these commands were used:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We'd love to give you directly an example of the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment, but since this document is in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\noindent
+
+\series bold
+label=
+\backslash
+#
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}
+\backslash
+#
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-book
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+label=
+\backslash
+Alph{enumi}.
+\backslash
+arabic{enumii}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- class, we can't do this.
- We inserted it therefore as figure
-\begin_inset space ~
+label=
+\backslash
+bf{
+\backslash
+arabic{enumiii}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+label=
+\backslash
+emph{
+\backslash
+roman{enumiv})}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+\begin_layout Standard
+where the command
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+emph{}
+\series default
+ makes the label emphasized and
+\series bold
-.
- If you've never heard of an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+bf{}
+\series default
+ makes it bold.
+\end_layout
-abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
- before, you can safely ignore this environment.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you changed the label of a list level, it will be used for all following
+ lists until you change the definition.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Resumed Enumeration
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography
+Lists ! Enumerate ! Resumed
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Biblio_environment"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is used to list references.
- Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
- only use it at the end of the document.
- Nesting
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa won't work.
+Enumerations can be resumed after intermediate paragraphs:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you first open a
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment, LyX adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
-References,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- depending on the document class.
- The heading is in a large boldface font.
- Each paragraph of the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is a bibliography entry.
- Thus, hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- Each new paragraph is still in the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment.
+label=
+\backslash
+arabic{enumi}.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is another, usually better way to include references in your document
- by using a BibTeX database.
- For more information on that, and for a detailed description of LyX's bibliogra
-phy handling, have a look at in section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-LyX
-\family sans
--Code
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+first
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph ! LyX code
+goes back to default numbering
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:LyX-Code"
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+second
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+regular text
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate-Resume
+resumed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment is another LyX extension.
- It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
- It also treats the
+To resume an enumeration, use the style
\family sans
-Space
+Enumerate-Resume
\family default
- key as a fixed whitespace;
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+.
+ Its numbering appears in blue within LyX to indicate that it is a resumed
+ list and that the numbering will not be correct in LyX, but in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment, the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key is treated as a
-\family sans
-Protected
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-Blank
-\family default
- instead of an end-of-word marker.
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ If there is no previous enumeration to resume, you will get a LaTeX error.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in LyX.
- If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
- (the
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- function).
-
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- breaks paragraphs.
- Note, however, that
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does not reset the paragraph environment.
- So, when you finish using the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
- Also, you can nest the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment inside of others.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few quirks with this environment:
+Perhaps you might want to resume the list with a different number than the
+ next one.
+ Or you want to start a new enumeration with a defined number.
+ This is possible by adding an optional argument to the first list item
+ of a normal new enumeration.
+ There insert the command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
- at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+start=number
+\end_layout
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+where
+\emph on
+number
+\emph default
+ is the number with which you want to resume the list.
+ An example:
+\end_layout
-you can't follow
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- with a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+first item
+\end_layout
-).
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+second item
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't follow a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Enumeration starting at a given value:
+\end_layout
- with a
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+start=4
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Use a
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Or: use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
\end_inset
- instead.
+This enumeration starts at 4
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
- You must put at least one
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- in any line you want blank.
- Otherwise, LaTeX generates errors.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+List Spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Spacing
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- since that will insert
-\emph on
-real
-\emph default
- quotes.
- You get the typewriter double quotes with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "self-insert \""
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example:
+In some cases you might want less or more vertical space between the items
+ of a list.
+ For example the default space is too much in your opinion in this case:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-#include <stdio.h>
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A bullet list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+with standard spacing
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-int main(void)
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can decrease the space by adding an optional argument to the first item
+ of the list.
+ There add the command
+\series bold
+nolistsep
+\series default
+ to get no additional list space like in this example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-{
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- printf("Hello World!
-\backslash
-n");
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- return 0;
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-}
+nolistsep
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is just the standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Hello world!
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- program.
-
+A bullet list
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+without additional
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+vertical space
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+To add space you can use several other commands provided by the LaTeX-package
+
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
- rc-files, and so on.
- Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
- as if you used a typewriter.
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paragraph environments|)
+LaTeX-packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+ For more info see its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "enumitem"
+
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Nesting Environments
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also many commands available to change the horizontal spacing
+ and indentation.
+ Here is an example where the indentation was changed to the one of the
+ paragraphs in the document and the label separation was set to 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm so that the number is in the page margin:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Environments
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+labelindent=
+\backslash
+parindent, labelsep=2cm
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Nesting"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+An enumeration
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+with negative indentation
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Further Customization
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Description
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific
- properties.
- This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of
- another block.
- For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
- has two subpoints.
- In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
- list
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-attached
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- to item #2:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-one
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also change the style of description lists.
+ The command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-two
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+font=definition
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist – item #1
+\begin_layout Standard
+changes the description label font, the command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist – item #2
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+style=definition
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-three
+\begin_layout Standard
+sets the list style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.
- Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
-\family sans
-Increase
+An example where the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+font=
+\backslash
+itshape, style=nextline
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+is used:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ionizing
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
+radiation:
+\begin_inset Argument
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+labelindent=0pt, labelsep=1cm, font=
+\backslash
+itshape, style=nextline
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Depth
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Decrease
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-List
+Ionizing radiation consists of particles or electromagnetic waves that are
+ energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, therefore
+ ionizing them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Reference
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Depth
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-Edit
-\family default
- menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
- will tell you how far you are nested).
- Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- or the convenient key bindings
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Shift-Tab
-\family default
- or
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
-
- to change the nesting level.
- The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
- you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
- paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.
- If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
- Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
- depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
+counting: In computer science, reference counting is a technique of storing
+ the number of references, pointers, or handles to a resource such as an
+ object, block of memory, disk space or other resource.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Nesting isn't limited to lists.
- In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're
- about to find out.
- This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-What You Can and Can't Nest
-\end_layout
+There are many more commands and features provided by the LaTeX-package
+
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
- you a little bit more about how nesting works.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The question if nesting a paragraph environment is possible, is a bit more
- complicated than a simple yes or no.
- There are three types of paragraph environments:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Completely unnestable
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other
- things inside them.
-\end_layout
+.
+ For more info see its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "enumitem"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
- anything into them.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
- environments have them:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Unnestable Can't nest them.
- Can't nest into them.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Letters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Letters
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Title
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
\family sans
-Author
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Date
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Fully
+Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Nestable You can nest them.
- You can nest other things into them.
+Address
+\family default
+: An Overview
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
+ environments called
\family sans
-Verse
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
+ in a specific order, otherwise LaTeX gags on the document.
+ In contrast, you can use the
\family sans
-Quotation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Enumerate
+Address
+\family default
+ paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
+ You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
+ anything in them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course, you're not limited to using
\family sans
-Description
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-List
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Address
+\family default
+ for letters only.
+
\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.
- You can't nest anything into them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Standard
+Address
+\family default
+, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
+ some European academic papers.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Usage
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Address-Usage"
-\family sans
-Part
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Chapter
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
\family sans
-Section
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
+ for the opening and signature in some countries.
+ Similarly, the
\family sans
-Subsection
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
+ is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
+ Here's an example of each:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Right Address
+Right Address
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Paragraph
-\end_layout
+Who I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Where I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
+When is it? What is today?
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was
\family sans
-Part*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which LyX sets to
+ fit the largest block of text on a single line.
+ Here's an example of the
\family sans
-Chapter*
+Address
+\family default
+ environment:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Section*
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Address
+Who are you
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Where do I send this
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subsection*
+Your post office and country
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, both
\family sans
-Subsubsection*
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Address
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
Right
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Address
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\family default
+ add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
+ If you hit
\family sans
-Address
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
+Return
+\family default
+ in either of these environments, LyX resets the nesting depth and sets
+ the environment to
\family sans
-Chapter
+Standard
\family default
-,
+.
+ This makes sense, since
\family sans
-Section
+Return
\family default
-, etc.
+ is the
+\family typewriter
+break-paragraph
+\family default
+ function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
+ Thus, you have to use
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\family sans
+Formatting
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-to e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+Break
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+ menu) to start a new line in an
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to create
- well structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas nested
- section headings violate this.
+Address
+\family default
+ environment.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Academic Writing
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
+ or list of references.
+ LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Tables etc.
+Abstracts
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
- affected by nesting anyhow.
- They are:
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is used for the abstract of an article.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
+ Also, don't bother trying to nest
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa.
+ It won't work.
+ The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
+ The book document classes ignores the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ completely, and it's utterly silly to use
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in a letter document class.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-equations
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment does several things for you.
+ First, it puts the centered label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-tables
+Abstract
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ above the text.
+ The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
+ space.
+ Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
+ Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
+ the subsequent text.
+ Well, that's how it will appear on the LyX screen.
+ The appearance in the output depends on the used article or report class.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-figures
+\begin_layout Standard
+Starting a new paragraph by hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ The new paragraph will still be in the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment.
+ So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
+ finish entering the abstract of your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-(
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Figures and tables in
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
- are not affected by this.
-\end_layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/Abstract.pdf
\end_inset
- Have a look at section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Floats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
\end_inset
- for more information about
+Paragraph in the
\family sans
-Floats
+Abstract
\family default
-.)
+ environment
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
- If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
- it is in goes.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
+We'd love to give you directly an example of the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment, but since this document is in the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-paragraph
+book
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- of its own, it behaves just like a
+ class, we can't do this.
+ We inserted it therefore as figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you've never heard of an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-nestable-inside
+abstract
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- paragraph environment.
- You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
- into it.
+ before, you can safely ignore this environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example with a table:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Biblio_environment"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is used to list references.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the end of the document.
+ Nesting
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa won't work.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you first open a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, LyX adds a large vertical space, followed by the heading
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+References,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
+ depending on the document class.
+ The heading is in a large boldface font.
+ Each paragraph of the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is a bibliography entry.
+ Thus, hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ Each new paragraph is still in the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is another, usually better way to include references in your document
+ by using a BibTeX database.
+ For more information on that, and for a detailed description of LyX's bibliogra
+phy handling, have a look at in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LyX
+\family sans
+-Code
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! LyX code
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside (a).
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
-\end_layout
+The
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment is another LyX extension.
+ It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
+ It also treats the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key as a fixed whitespace;
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment, the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key is treated as a
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
+Blank
+\family default
+ instead of an end-of-word marker.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
+ this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in LyX.
+ If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+ (the
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ function).
+
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ breaks paragraphs.
+ Note, however, that
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ So, when you finish using the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
+ Also, you can nest the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment inside of others.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+There are a few quirks with this environment:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
-\end_layout
+ at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+you can't follow
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ with a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
+).
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't follow a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ with a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use a
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Or: use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
+ instead.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
+ You must put at least one
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ in any line you want blank.
+ Otherwise, LaTeX generates errors.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ since that will insert
+\emph on
+real
+\emph default
+ quotes.
+ You get the typewriter double quotes with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "self-insert \""
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
+Here is an example:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <stdio.h>
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- nested inside (a).
- In fact, it's not nested at all.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+int main(void)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
- item of a new list!
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
- deep enough.
- LyX then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ printf("Hello World!
+\backslash
+n");
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ return 0;
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+This is just the standard
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Hello world!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ program.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
+ rc-files, and so on.
+ Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
+ as if you used a typewriter.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
+Paragraph environments|)
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ For longer parts of programming code, use the listings inset that is described
+ in the chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Nesting Environments
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
+Nesting ! Environments
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nesting"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- inside (a).
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
- new list
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- item 1.
- The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
- So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
- depth!
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
-Usage and General Features
+Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
- In other words,
+LyX treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific
+ properties.
+ This allows you to create blocks that inherit some of the properties of
+ another block.
+ For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
+ has two subpoints.
+ In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
+ list
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-level #6
+attached
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is the innermost possible depth.
- Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:
+ to item #2:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #1 – outermost
+one
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #2
+two
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #3
+sublist – item #1
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #4
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #5
+sublist – item #2
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #6
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+three
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
- both of them in the example.
- Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
- nesting with the
+You put a list inside a list by nesting one list inside the other.
+ Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Edit
\family default
+ menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
+ will tell you how far you are nested).
+ Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+
and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the convenient key bindings
\family sans
-Itemize
+Tab
\family default
- environments.
- For example, if we tried to nest another
+ and
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Shift-Tab
\family default
- list inside item
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-A.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-, we would get errors.
+ to change the nesting level.
+ The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
+ you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
+ paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.
+ If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
+ Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
+ depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Nesting isn't limited to lists.
+ In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're
+ about to find out.
+ This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Some Examples
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+What You Can and Can't Nest
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Nesting ! Examples
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
+ you a little bit more about how nesting works.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+The question if nesting a paragraph environment is possible, is a bit more
+ complicated than a simple yes or no.
+ There are three types of paragraph environments:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Completely unnestable
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Fully nestable, you can nest them inside things and you can also nest other
+ things inside them.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
+ anything into them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
- We have several examples of nested environments.
- In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
- them.
+Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
+ environments have them:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
+\begin_layout Description
+Unnestable Can't nest them.
+ Can't nest into them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-a This is the outermost level.
- It's a
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
+Bibliography
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-a This is level #2.
- We created it by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Title
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-a This is level #3.
- This time, we just hit
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then used
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+Author
+\end_layout
- twice in a row.
- We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
- by hitting
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
+\family sans
+Date
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Fully
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Nestable You can nest them.
+ You can nest other things into them.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is actually a
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment, nested inside of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+Verse
+\end_layout
-#3-a
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-.
- So, it's at level #4.
- We did this by hitting
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Quote
+\end_layout
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-, then changing the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works
- for the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-, and
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Itemize
-\family default
- environments!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's another
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+Enumerate
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Description
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-a This is level #4.
- We hit
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- and changed the paragraph environment back to
\family sans
List
-\family default
-.
- Remember — we can't nest anything inside a
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
- However, we
-\emph on
-can
-\emph default
- keep nesting things inside
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-#3-a
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-.
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside other things.
+ You can't nest anything into them.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Standard
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}
-and this is level #6.
- By now, you should know how we made these two.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-b Back to level #5.
- Just hit
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- followed by a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-b After another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by a
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-, we're back at level #4.
+\family sans
+Subsection
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-b Back to level #3.
- By now it should be obvious how we did this.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-b Back to level #2.
-
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
- After this sentence, we'll hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- and change the paragraph environment back to
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- to end the list.
+Paragraph
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We could have also used the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, or even the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment in place of the
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
- The example would have worked exactly the same.
+Subparagraph
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 2: Inheritance
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part*
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter*
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-level.
- Now we'll hit
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+Section*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
-, after which, we'll change to the
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
+Subsection*
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is the
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment, at level #2.
+Subsubsection*
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Notice how the nested
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
-), but also inherits its font and spacing!
+Address
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-We ended this example by hitting
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
\family sans
-Return
+Chapter
\family default
-.
- After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
+,
\family sans
-Standard
+Section
\family default
- and reset the nesting depth by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
+, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- once.
+to e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+lists, it is highly recommended not to do this because the aim is to create
+ well structured documents following typesetting guidelines whereas nested
+ section headings violate this.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- Environments
-\begin_inset Argument
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
+Nesting ! Tables etc.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #1, in an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- paragraph environment.
- We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
+ affected by nesting anyhow.
+ They are:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #2.
- We used
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
-
- followed by
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+equations
+\end_layout
-.
- Now, what happens if we nest an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
- label be? An asterisk?
+\begin_layout Itemize
+tables
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-No! It's a bullet.
- This is the
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, even though it's at level #3.
- So, its label is a bullet.
- (We got here by using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+figures
+\end_layout
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-, then changing the environment to
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Figures and tables in
\family sans
-Itemize
+Floats
\family default
-.)
+ are not affected by this.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Here's level #4, produced using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-, then
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- We'll do that again\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-to get to level #5.
- This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-.
- Notice the type of numbering, it is
-\emph on
-lowercase Roman
-\emph default
-, because we are in the
-\emph on
-thirdfold
-\emph default
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment (i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-g.
- it is an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- inside an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- inside an
+ for more information about
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Floats
\family default
-).
+.)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-What happens if we
-\emph on
-don't
-\emph default
- change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
- type of numbering does LyX use?
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
+ If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
+ it is in goes.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+\begin_layout Standard
+On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
-\end_layout
+paragraph
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Let's use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
+ of its own, it behaves just like a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- to decrease the depth after the next
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+nestable-inside
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ paragraph environment.
+ You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
+ into it.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #4.
- Look what type of label LyX is using!
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example with a table:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #3.
- Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
- numeral as the label.Why?
+Item One
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
-\emph on
-still
-\emph default
- a thirdfold
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
- Notice, however, that LyX
-\emph on
-did
-\emph default
- reset the counter for the label.
+This is (a) and it's nested.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
- sequence, and we're back to level #2.
- This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
- into the twofold-nested
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The same thing happens if we do another
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Lastly, we reset the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
- LyX uses for the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments.
- The number of other
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments surrounding it determines what kind of label LyX uses for
- an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- item.
- The same rule applies for the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, as well.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example 4: Going Bonkers
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-We're going to go totally nuts now.
- We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
- same detail with how we did it.
- (level #1:
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-)
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-(
-\family sans
-Return,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\family sans
-, Standard
-\family default
-: level #2) We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
- example in parentheses someplace.
- For example, the two key bindings are how we changed the depth.
- The environment name is the name of the current environment.
- Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-(
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1) This is the next item in the list.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-Now we'll add verse.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-It will get much worse.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-(
-\family sans
-Return,
-\family default
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-\family sans
-, Verse
-\family default
-: level #2)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-Bippitey boppitey boo!
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-(
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside (a).
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-)
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-Here comes a table:
+\begin_layout Standard
+If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-one-fish
+a
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-two-fish
+b
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-red-fish
+c
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-blue-fish
+d
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-(
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-\family sans
-, Table,
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-increment"
-\end_inset
-
- 3 times,
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ nested inside (a).
+ In fact, it's not nested at all.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-, Verse,
-\family default
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "depth-decrement"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
+ item of a new list!
+\end_layout
-)
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
+ deep enough.
+ LyX then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-(
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1) This is another item.
- Note that selecting a
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
- 3 times to put the table inside the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment.
-
+Item One
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We're now ending the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- list and changing to
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-.
- We're still at level #1.
- We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
- The next set of paragraphs is a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
-quoted letter.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
- We'll nest both the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-Address
-\family default
- environments inside of this one, then use another nested
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- for the letter body.
- We'll use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "break-paragraph inverse"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
- to preserve the depth.
- Remember that you need to use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- to create multiple lines inside the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Address
-\family default
- environments.
- Here it goes:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Right Address
-1234 Nowhere Rd.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Moosegroin, MT 00100
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-9-6-96
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Address
-Dear Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Fizlewitz:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
- Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
- a backlog in our orders for methane.
- We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
- as soon as possible.
- In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We do, however, now have a special on beef.
- If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
- with your order, along with payment.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We thank you again for your patience.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Address
-Sincerely,
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Bill Hick
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Quotation
-That ends that example!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with
- just a few keystrokes.
- We could have easily nested an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list inside of a
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-, or put a
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- inside of an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Spacing, pagination and line breaks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ inside (a).
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime
- you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers
- you more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot
- be broken at the end of a line.
- The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
- useful.
+As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
+ new list
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ item 1.
+ The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
+ So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
+ depth!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Protected Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Protected-Space"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Protected
+Usage and General Features
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
+ In other words,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+level #6
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ is the innermost possible depth.
+ Here's an example to illustrate what we mean:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
- line at that point.
- This may be necessary to avoid unlucky line breaks, like in:
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #1 – outermost
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-Further documentation is given in section
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #2
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #3
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #4
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #5
+\end_layout
-.
-
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #6
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
+There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
+ both of them in the example.
+ Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
+ nesting with the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ For example, if we tried to nest another
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list inside item
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-section
+A.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+, we would get errors.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Some Examples
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Examples
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
- A protected space is set with
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
+ We have several examples of nested environments.
+ In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
+ them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-a This is the outermost level.
+ It's a
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected
-\bar under
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-a This is level #2.
+ We created it by using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-
-\bar default
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
+ followed by
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-).
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Horizontal Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Horizontal-Space"
-
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-a This is level #3.
+ This time, we just hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then used
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Horizontal
-\end_layout
-
+ twice in a row.
+ We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
+ by hitting
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
+ followed by
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
+This is actually a
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Horizontal Space
+Standard
\family default
-.
- The length units are listed in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
+ environment, nested inside of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Inter-word Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Inter-word-Space"
-
+ So, it's at level #4.
+ We did this by hitting
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Inter-word
+, then changing the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph — it also works
+ for the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments!
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's another
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-a This is level #4.
+ We hit
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+ and changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+.
+ Remember — we can't nest anything inside a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
+ However, we
+\emph on
+can
+\emph default
+ keep nesting things inside
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
-ntence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventions (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Abbreviations"
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+and this is level #6.
+ By now, you should know how we made these two.
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-b Back to level #5.
+ Just hit
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-).
- Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
- In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
+ followed by a
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert normal"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-).
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Thin Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Thin-Space"
-
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-b After another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
+ followed by a
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! Thin
+, we're back at level #4.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-b Back to level #3.
+ By now it should be obvious how we did this.
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-b Back to level #2.
+
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
+ After this sentence, we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ and change the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ to end the list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-thin space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-protected
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
- thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
- inside abbreviations:
+We could have also used the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, or even the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment in place of the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+ The example would have worked exactly the same.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-D.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 2: Inheritance
+\end_layout
-E.
- Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-or between values and units.
- Compare for example this:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+level.
+ Now we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-10
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+, after which, we'll change to the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
-kg (thin space)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment, at level #2.
+\end_layout
-10 kg (normal space
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Notice how the nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+), but also inherits its font and spacing!
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
+We ended this example by hitting
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
+Return
\family default
- (shortcut
+.
+ After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ and reset the nesting depth by using
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-).
+ once.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-More Spaces
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:More-Spaces"
+Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ Environments
+\begin_inset Argument
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can furthermore insert the following space types:
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #1, in an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Negative
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-thin
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #2.
+ We used
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-space A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+ followed by
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
+.
+ Now, what happens if we nest an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
+ label be? An asterisk?
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+No! It's a bullet.
+ This is the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, even though it's at level #3.
+ So, its label is a bullet.
+ (We got here by using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
- Negative thin space between the arrows.
+, then changing the environment to
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+.)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Enspace
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Here's level #4, produced using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-(0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+, then
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+.
+ We'll do that again\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \enskip{}
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+to get to level #5.
+ This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+.
+ Notice the type of numbering, it is
+\emph on
+lowercase Roman
+\emph default
+, because we are in the
+\emph on
+thirdfold
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+ it is an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+What happens if we
+\emph on
+don't
+\emph default
+ change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
+ type of numbering does LyX use?
+\end_layout
- Enspace (0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-em) space between the arrows.
+ to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Quad
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Let's use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+ to decrease the depth after the next
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \quad{}
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #4.
+ Look what type of label LyX is using!
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #3.
+ Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
+ numeral as the label.Why?
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
+\emph on
+still
+\emph default
+ a thirdfold
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Notice, however, that LyX
+\emph on
+did
+\emph default
+ reset the counter for the label.
+\end_layout
- Quad
-\begin_inset space ~
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-(1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-em) space between the arrows.
+ sequence, and we're back to level #2.
+ This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
+ into the twofold-nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-QQuad
-\begin_inset space ~
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The same thing happens if we do another
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-(2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-em) A line with a
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Lastly, we reset the environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
+ LyX uses for the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ The number of other
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments surrounding it determines what kind of label LyX uses for
+ an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ item.
+ The same rule applies for the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, as well.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \qquad{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 4: Going Bonkers
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+We're going to go totally nuts now.
+ We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
+ same detail with how we did it.
+ (level #1:
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\family sans
+Return,
+\family default
- QQuad
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-(2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-em) space between the arrows.
+\family sans
+, Standard
+\family default
+: level #2) We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
+ example in parentheses someplace.
+ For example, the two key bindings are how we changed the depth.
+ The environment name is the name of the current environment.
+ Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Custom
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is the next item in the list.
+\end_layout
-space A line with
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+Now we'll add verse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset space \hspace{}
-\length 2cm
+It will get much worse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+(
+\family sans
+Return,
+\family default
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
- 2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-cm space between the arrows.
+\family sans
+, Verse
+\family default
+: level #2)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Verse
+Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Width-of-the"
-
+Bippitey boppitey boo!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- lists the different space sizes.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Caption
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Width-of-the"
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+)
+\end_layout
-Width of the different horizontal spaces.
+\begin_layout Verse
+Here comes a table:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Space
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+one-fish
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Width
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+two-fish
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Normal
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+red-fish
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/3
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-em
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+blue-fish
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Protected
-\end_layout
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/3
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-em
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Thin
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+, Table,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-increment"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1/6
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ 3 times,
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
\end_inset
-em
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+, Verse,
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "depth-decrement"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Negative thin
+)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is another item.
+ Note that selecting a
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+ resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
+ 3 times to put the table inside the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment.
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--1/6
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We're now ending the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list and changing to
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+.
+ We're still at level #1.
+ We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
+ The next set of paragraphs is a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-em
-\end_layout
-
+quoted letter.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Enspace (0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ We'll nest both the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-em)
-\end_layout
+Address
+\family default
+ environments inside of this one, then use another nested
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ for the letter body.
+ We'll use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "break-paragraph inverse"
+\end_inset
+ to preserve the depth.
+ Remember that you need to use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-0.5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ to create multiple lines inside the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-em
+Address
+\family default
+ environments.
+ Here it goes:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Right Address
+1234 Nowhere Rd.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quad (1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Moosegroin, MT 00100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-em)
+9-6-96
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Address
+Dear Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
+Fizlewitz:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-em
+L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
+ Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
+ a backlog in our orders for methane.
+ We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
+ as soon as possible.
+ In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We do, however, now have a special on beef.
+ If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
+ with your order, along with payment.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-QQuad (2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We thank you again for your patience.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Sincerely,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-em)
+Bill Hick
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Quotation
+That ends that example!
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with
+ just a few keystrokes.
+ We could have easily nested an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list inside of a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+, or put a
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ inside of an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list.
+ You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Spacing, pagination and line breaks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+What is a space? While you might be used to pressing the space key anytime
+ you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers
+ you more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot
+ be broken at the end of a line.
+ The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
+ useful.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Protected Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\family default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Fills
+Spaces ! Protected
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space
- in a uniform fashion.
- An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
- the remaining space between the left and right margins.
- If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
- equally between themselves.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here a few examples what you can do with them:
+The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
+ line at that point.
+ This may be necessary to avoid unlucky line breaks, like in:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-This is on the left side
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+Further documentation is given in section
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-This is on the right
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
-Middle
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Right
+.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Standard
+Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-1/3 Left
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Right
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was an example in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Here
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-is one in a standard paragraph.
- It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- sitting in-between the two arrows.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
+.
+ A protected space is set with
\family sans
-Fill
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\bar under
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Pattern
-\family default
- in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Dots:
-\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
+\bar default
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert protected"
\end_inset
+).
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Rule:
-\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Horizontal
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Left arrow:
-\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
+All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal Space
+\family default
+.
+ The length units are listed in Appendix
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right arrow:
-\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Inter-word Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Inter-word-Space"
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Up brace:
-\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Inter-word
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Down brace:
-\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
+Some languages (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
+ntence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventions (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Abbreviations"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+).
+ Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
+ In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "space-insert normal"
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
- This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
- If you need space in this case anyway, set the
-\family sans
-Protect
-\family default
- option in the space dialog.
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Thin Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Thin-Space"
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Phantom Space
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Phantom
+Spaces ! Thin
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
- E.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+thin space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-you want to create the following multiple choice question:
-\end_layout
+ is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+protected
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-What is correct English?:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+).
+ The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
+ thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
+ inside abbreviations:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+D.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+E.
+ Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+or between values and units.
+ Compare for example this:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
+10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Edge would have been jumps the gun.
+kg (thin space)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mr.
- Edge
+10 kg (normal space
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-has to be jumped
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Mr.
- Edge
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+More Spaces
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:More-Spaces"
-jumps
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+You can furthermore insert the following space types:
+\end_layout
-Mr.
+\begin_layout Description
+Negative
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Edge
+thin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+space A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-.
- To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Phantom
-\family default
-.
- In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two
- lines and insert
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
\end_inset
-Mr.
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-Edge
+ Negative thin space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Enspace
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
- into the phantom inset (note the space after
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset space \enskip{}
\end_inset
-Edge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-).
- A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).
- That is why it is named
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ Enspace
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-phantom
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+(0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
- The normal phantom outputs the width and height of the content as space,
- while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding
- dimension.
+em) space between the arrows.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Vertical Space
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Vertical-Space"
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Vertical
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Vertical
+ Quad
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Space
-\family default
- dialog.
- There you find the following sizes:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-SmallSkip
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BigSkip
-\family default
- are LaTeX sizes which depend on the font size of the document.
-
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is the skip adjusted in the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
+em) space between the arrows.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for the paragraph separation.
- If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is equal to
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spacing ! Fills
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
- is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
- An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
- between them.
- Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
- one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
-
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s work like
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s are described in section
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+space A line with
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 2cm
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
- If there are several
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
- You can therefore use
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
+ 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm space between the arrows.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
+Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+reference "tab:Width-of-the"
\end_inset
-.
+ lists the different space sizes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Caption
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
-
-\series medium
-When the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
- a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
-\family sans
-Protect
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Width of the different horizontal spaces.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Alignment
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the paragraph alignment with the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are five possibilities:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\series bold
+Space
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Justified
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align block"
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\series bold
+Width
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Left
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align left"
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Normal
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Right
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align right"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-)
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Center
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align center"
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Protected
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- (
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paragraph-params \\align default"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-)
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
- spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
- the left and right margins.
- The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align right
-This paragraph is right aligned,
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thin
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-this one is centered,
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align left
-this one is left aligned.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Page Breaks
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Page breaks ! Forced
+Negative thin
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Forced-Page-Breaks"
+em
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+em)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like the way LaTeX does the page breaks in your document, you
- can force a page break where you want one.
- Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at page breaking.
- Only if you use a lot of
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend not to use forced page breaks until the text is finished and
- until you have checked in the preview to see if you
-\emph on
-really
-\emph default
- have to change the page breaking.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of page breaks: One that ends the page without any special
- action.
- This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Page
-\family default
-.
- The second type, that is inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quad (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Break
-\family default
-, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
- the complete page.
- This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page
- on which only the last few lines are absent.
+em)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears
- at the top of a page.
- This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
- LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
- appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
- having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
- See chapter
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- to learn more about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-.
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Clear Page Breaks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Clear-Page-Breaks"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+QQuad (2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+em)
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Page breaks ! Clear
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Rather than forced page breaks where the content behind the break is placed
- directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.
- That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including
- unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed behind
- it, if necessary by adding pages.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a clear page break with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Page
-\family default
-.
- When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Clear
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-Double
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-Page
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
\family default
- to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand
- page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Line Breaks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Line breaks
+Spacing ! Fills
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Forced-Line-Breaks"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space
+ in a uniform fashion.
+ An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
+ the remaining space between the left and right margins.
+ If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
+ equally between themselves.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here a few examples what you can do with them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+This is on the left side
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+This is on the right
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+Middle
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+Right
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: One that simply
- breaks the line.
- You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ragged
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
+1/3 Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Break
-\family default
- or with
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
- Another type that is inserted via the menu
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was an example in the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Justified
-\begin_inset space ~
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Here
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-Line
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Break
-\family default
- breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
- the page margins.
- This is necessary to avoid
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-fringes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+is one in a standard paragraph.
+ It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
+\emph on
+is
+\emph default
+ sitting in-between the two arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
+\family sans
+Fill
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by line breaks.
+Pattern
+\family default
+ in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct LaTeX's line breaking, as
- LaTeX is very good at line breaking.
- There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
- set a line break, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Dots:
+\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-in a poem or for an address (see sections
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Quote"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rule:
+\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Verse"
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Address-Usage"
-
-\end_inset
-).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Horizontal Lines
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Horizontal-Lines"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Left arrow:
+\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Horizontal lines
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset CommandInset line
-LatexCommand rule
-offset "0.5ex"
-width "100line%"
-height "1pt"
-
+Right arrow:
+\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the dialog
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Horizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Line
-\family default
- you can insert horizontal lines.
- The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline
- of the current text line or the paragraph.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-\begin_inset CommandInset line
-LatexCommand rule
-offset "0.5ex"
-width "100line%"
-height "1pt"
-
+Up brace:
+\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Section
-Characters and Symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
- You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
- See section
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Down brace:
+\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
-
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for information on how this is done.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
- can use the
-\family sans
-Symbols
-\family default
- dialog via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
- when you are using a special screen font in LyX's preferences.
- But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
+ If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
+ This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
+ If you need space in this case anyway, set the
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
+ option in the space dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Fonts and Text Styles
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Phantom Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+name "sub:Phantom-Space"
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Types
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! Types
+Spacing ! Phantom
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of fonts:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Vector
-\begin_inset space ~
+Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-fonts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fonts ! Vector-
+you want to create the following multiple choice question:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
- are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- characters) in the font.
- This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
- well suited for scaling to any requested size.
- This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
- curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
- This means that vector fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
- Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed
- to provide a good image, it might be hard to provide a good rendering.
+What is correct English?:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
- But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
- That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font
- sizes than at small ones.
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-The font types
-\family typewriter
-TrueType
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-OpenType
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-Type
+Mr.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-1
-\family default
- are vector fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
-\begin_inset space ~
+Edge would have been jumps the gun.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-fonts
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fonts ! Bitmap-
+Mr.
+ Edge
\end_layout
\end_inset
- on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
- will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
- However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
- pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
- It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
- picture manipulation program.
- In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
- several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
- or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
- The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
- to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
- fonts.
- The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have
- to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
+has to be jumped
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Bitmap fonts are named
-\family typewriter
-Type
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-3
-\family default
- in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The result of all this is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they are
- designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
- So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.
- That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs
- use scalable fonts.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
- its document properties.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mr.
+ Edge
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
- For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
- font to emphasize text, you use an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-emphasized style
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- instead.
- This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
- In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
- details.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-LaTeX font support
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
-
+jumps
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Traditionally, LaTeX uses its own fonts.
- That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your
- operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your LaTeX
- distribution.
- The reason is that LaTeX needs some extra information about the fonts,
- which have to be provided by additional files and packages.
- The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited, compared
- to usual word processors.
- On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts
- are generally of very good quality, and that LaTeX files are very portable
- across different machines.
- Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional LaTeX was increased a
- lot meanwhile so that you can find packages for many free and commercial
- fonts.
- In LyX, only a subset of these are directly selectable via the user interface
- (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Document-Font"
-
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for details).
- However, all others are available if you enter the respective LaTeX code
- in the document preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired
- font).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Furthermore, recent developments brought some new LaTeX engines that are
- also able to directly access fonts that are installed for your operating
- system (OS), namely XeTeX and LuaTeX.
- Both engines are now supported by LyX.
- By using them, you can use theoretically any OpenType or TrueType font
- that is installed on your system.
- The next section describes how to use these OS fonts.
-\end_layout
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
-\end_layout
+.
+ To get this, you can use the phantom insets available via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+.
+ In our case insert a horizontal phantom at the beginning of the last two
+ lines and insert
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ into the phantom inset (note the space after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- XeTeX and especially LuaTeX, are still rather new and thus not as mature
- as traditional LaTeX or PDFTeX.
-\end_layout
+Edge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+).
+ A phantom insets prints only the space of its content (like a placeholder).
+ That is why it is named
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+phantom
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
+ The normal phantom outputs the width and height of the content as space,
+ while the horizontal and vertical variant only outputs the corresponding
+ dimension.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Font and Font size
+Vertical Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Document-Font"
+name "sub:Vertical-Space"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! Size
+Spacing ! Vertical
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Font
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Space
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There you find the following sizes:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the document fonts in the
+
+\family sans
+SmallSkip
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+MedSkip
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+BigSkip
+\family default
+ are LaTeX sizes which depend on the font size of the document.
+
+\family sans
+DefSkip
+\family default
+ is the skip adjusted in the dialog
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\end_inset
- dialog.
- In the
+ for the paragraph separation.
+ If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
\family sans
-Fonts
+DefSkip
\family default
- section of the dialog, you can specify which font should be used for the
- three different font shapes — roman (serif),
+ is equal to
\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-serif
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
+MedSkip
\family default
- (monospaced) — you can specify the base font size and scaling factors for
- (some) sans serif and typewriter fonts if this is necessary to fit with
- the roman font.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you select
-\family sans
-Use non-T
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-eX fonts
-\family default
-, you will have access to the fonts installed on your operating system.
- This requires that you use
\family sans
-PDF (XeT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX)
+VFill
\family default
-,
-\family sans
-PDF (LuaT
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
+Spacing ! Fills
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX)
+ is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
+ An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
+ between them.
+ Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
+ one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
+
+\family sans
+VFill
\family default
- or
+s work like
\family sans
-DVI (LuaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX)
+HFill
\family default
- as output format, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-you will have to have either XeTeX or LuaTeX installed (see section
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+s are described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
\end_inset
-).
- You will then not have access to TeX's own fonts (the selection described
- below).
- Note that LyX lists all available fonts in either of the three lists (roman,
- sans
-\begin_inset space ~
+.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-serif, and typewriter), since LyX cannot determine the family.
- Also note that the output might fail with some of the listed fonts, due
- to the encoding of the fonts and\SpecialChar \slash{}
-or font failures.
- Again, LyX cannot determine this in advance, so you might need to experiment.
+ If there are several
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
+ You can therefore use
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you use TeX fonts (which is the default), the possible options for the
- font include
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- and a list of fonts available with your LaTeX distribution.
- If you select
+
\family sans
-Default,
+Custom
\family default
- the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard TeX font, known as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-Computer Modern
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-) or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family typewriter
-European Computer Modern
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
+\series medium
+If the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
+ a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
+\family sans
+Protect
\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Alignment
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-ec
+You can change the paragraph alignment with the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph Settings
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixelated in PDF output, especially
- when you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ dialog.
+ There are five possibilities:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-Reader
+\family sans
+Justified
\family default
- version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
- renderer.
-\end_layout
-
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align block"
\end_inset
- To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.
- Depending on how your document should look like, you can either:
+)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-select the
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
+
+\family sans
+Left
\family default
(
-\family typewriter
-lm
-\family default
-) fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of
-
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
-\family default
- was developed for the LaTeX community in order to replace
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- as the default font.
- It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.
- Except for some details, where the appearance was improved,
-\family typewriter
-lm
-\family default
- looks identical to
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-;
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align left"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-One difference is improved kerning for the
-\family typewriter
-lm
-\family default
- fonts.
+)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Right
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align right"
+\end_inset
+)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-select the
-\family typewriter
-AE
+
+\family sans
+Center
\family default
(
-\family typewriter
-Almost European
-\family default
-) fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align center"
\end_inset
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Default
\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paragraph-params \\align default"
\end_inset
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
+ spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
+ the left and right margins.
+ The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
+\end_layout
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align right
+This paragraph is right aligned,
+\end_layout
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+this one is centered,
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+this one is left aligned.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Page Breaks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! aeguill
+Page breaks ! Forced
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Page-Breaks"
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like the way LaTeX does the page breaks in your document, you
+ can force a page break where you want one.
+ Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at page breaking.
+ Only if you use a lot of
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.
+\end_layout
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but build of
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend not to use forced page breaks until the text is finished and
+ until you have checked in the preview to see if you
\emph on
-two
+really
\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ have to change the page breaking.
+\end_layout
- in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
- the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of page breaks: One that ends the page without any special
+ action.
+ This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ The second type, that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+Break
+\family default
+, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
+ the complete page.
+ This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a page break produces a page
+ on which only the last few lines are absent.
+\end_layout
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might try to use a page break to ensure that a figure or table appears
+ at the top of a page.
+ This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
+ LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
+ appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
+ having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
+ See chapter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ to learn more about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you do not like the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-, you can of course select one of the other provided vector fonts, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Clear Page Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Clear-Page-Breaks"
+
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Page breaks ! Clear
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rather than forced page breaks where the content behind the break is placed
+ directly on the next page, you can also clear pages while breaking them.
+ That means that the current paragraph is terminated and everything, including
+ unprocessed floats, from the earlier part of the document are placed behind
+ it, if necessary by adding pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a clear page break with the menu
\family sans
-Times Roman
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-
-\family sans
-Palatino
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
\family default
.
- Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans
+ When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-serif and typewriter fonts
-\begin_inset Foot
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+ to insert a clear page break that assures that the next page is a right-hand
+ page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Line Breaks
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Line breaks
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-g.,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Line-Breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to page breaks there are two types of line breaks: One that simply
+ breaks the line.
+ You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
\family sans
-Times Roman
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ragged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
\family default
- selects
+ or with
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Another type that is inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Helvetiva
-\family default
- for sans serif text), and sometimes, e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Justified
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-g.
- with
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-Computer Modern
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
\family default
-, different shapes of the same font, i.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
+ the page margins.
+ This is necessary to avoid
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-e.
- a real font
-\emph on
-family
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
+fringes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, but you can also select your own.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by line breaks.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You shouldn't use forced line breaks to correct LaTeX's line breaking, as
+ LaTeX is very good at line breaking.
+ There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
+ set a line break, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-The differences between roman,
-\family sans
-sans
-\begin_inset space ~
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-serif
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
- fonts are explained in section
+in a poem or for an address (see sections
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+reference "sec:Quote"
\end_inset
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Verse"
+
\end_inset
-The font
-\family typewriter
-Times Roman
-\family default
- was originally designed for newspapers.
- That means its glyphs are smaller than the ones from other fonts to fit
- into the small newspaper columns.
- Therefore
-\family typewriter
-Times Roman
-\family default
- is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Address-Usage"
+
\end_inset
-For the font size there are generally four possible values:
-\family sans
-Default, 10
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-11
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-12
-\family default
-.
- Some classes provide additional sizes.
- The size of
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- depends on the class you are using.
- In the standard classes it is equal to the font size 10.
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the font size is the
-\emph on
-base size
-\emph default
-.
- That means that LyX scales all other possible font sizes (such as those
- used in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
- You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
-\family sans
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Lines
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Lines"
+
\end_inset
-Style
-\family default
- dialog if needed.
- The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Horizontal lines
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "100line%"
+height "1pt"
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+In the dialog
\family sans
-Default Family
-\family default
- selection lets you specify whether the base font of your document should
- be roman, sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-serif or typewriter.
- The
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- selection uses what is preset by the class, the other selections override
- this.
- In most cases,
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- is equal to
-\family sans
-roman
+Line
\family default
-, but some classes (such as presentation classes) also use other defaults.
+ you can insert horizontal lines.
+ The line offset is the vertical distance between the line and the baseline
+ of the current text line or the paragraph.
+ The line settings can be changed by left-clicking on the line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family typewriter
-
-\family sans
-LaTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
+\noindent
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "100line%"
+height "1pt"
\end_inset
-X font encoding
-\family default
- selection is an expert setting which lets you change the value passed to
- the LaTeX-package
-\emph on
- fontenc
-\emph default
- (see also sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"
+\begin_layout Section
+Characters and Symbols
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
+ You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-).
- Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
- Unless you have specific reasons, use
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-With some fonts, the checkboxes
-\family sans
-Use Old Style Figures
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Use True Small Caps
-\family default
- are enabled.
- These are extra features some fonts provide.
- If
-\family sans
-Use Old Style Figures
-\family default
- is checked, the font uses old style (also known as medieval or text) figures,
- i.
+characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
+ See section
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-e.
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
+
\end_inset
-figures with varying height that fit nicely with lower letters.
-
-\family sans
-Use True Small Caps
-\family default
- determines that real small caps are used instead of faked small caps made
- of scaled capitals.
- Real small caps are often part of expert font sets; they generally look
- better than faked small caps but might have to be purchased separately.
+ for information on how this is done.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The field
+For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
+ can use the
\family sans
-CJK
+Symbols
\family default
- allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify
- a font to display the script characters.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The font will be the argument for the commands of the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
-.
- So this has no effect for the document language
+ dialog via the menu
\family sans
-Japanese
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
\family default
- that doesn't use
-\series bold
-CJK
-\series default
.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
- this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"
+ Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
+ when you are using a special screen font in LyX's preferences.
+ But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Fonts and Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Font Types
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Character Styles
+Font ! Types
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of fonts:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Vector
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fonts
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text Style
+Fonts ! Vector-
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+g.
+ characters) in the font.
+ This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
+ well suited for scaling to any requested size.
+ This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
+ curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
+ This means that vector fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
+ Only at very small sizes where each pixel has to be very carefully computed
+ to provide a good image, it might be hard to provide a good rendering.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
- certain paragraph environments.
- LyX supports two character styles,
-\family sans
-Emphasized
+That could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
+ But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
+ That improves the appearance because you need more details at large font
+ sizes than at small ones.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The font types
+\family typewriter
+TrueType
\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Noun
+,
+\family typewriter
+OpenType
\family default
-.
- You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
- toolbar.
-\end_layout
+, and
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To activate the
-\family sans
-Noun
+1
\family default
- style, do one of the following:
+ are vector fonts.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-click on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-noun"
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Bitmap-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-use the key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
+ on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
+ will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
+ However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
+ pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
+ It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
+ picture manipulation program.
+ In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
+ several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
+ or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
+ The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
+ to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
+ fonts.
+ The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exist as fixed versions have
+ to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bitmap fonts are named
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+3
+\family default
+ in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These commands are all toggles.
- That is, if
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style is already active, they deactivate it.
+The result of all this is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they are
+ designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
+ So one needs fewer font size definitions for scalable fonts.
+ That's the reason why nearly all text rendering and typesetting programs
+ use scalable fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One typically uses the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style for proper names.
- For example:
+To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
+ its document properties.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
+ specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
+ font to emphasize text, you use an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\noun on
-Matthias Ettrich
-\noun default
- is the original author of LyX.
+emphasized style
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+ instead.
+ This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
+ In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
+ details.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style.
- You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style by:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaTeX font support
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-clicking on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-using the keybindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-emph"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Traditionally, LaTeX uses its own fonts.
+ That is to say, you cannot directly access the fonts installed on your
+ operating system, but you have to use specific fonts provided by your LaTeX
+ distribution.
+ The reason is that LaTeX needs some extra information about the fonts,
+ which have to be provided by additional files and packages.
+ The downside of this is that your font choice is somewhat limited, compared
+ to usual word processors.
+ On the other hand this comes with the advantage that the provided fonts
+ are generally of very good quality, and that LaTeX files are very portable
+ across different machines.
+ Also, the range of fonts supported by traditional LaTeX was increased a
+ lot meanwhile so that you can find packages for many free and commercial
+ fonts.
+ In LyX, only a subset of these are directly selectable via the user interface
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details).
+ However, all others are available if you enter the respective LaTeX code
+ in the document preamble (please refer to the documentation of your desired
+ font).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Normally the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag
-es use a different font.
+Furthermore, recent developments brought some new LaTeX engines that are
+ also able to directly access fonts that are installed for your operating
+ system (OS), namely XeTeX and LuaTeX.
+ Both engines are now supported by LyX.
+ By using them, you can use theoretically any OpenType or TrueType font
+ that is installed on your system.
+ The next section describes how to use these OS fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We've been using the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style all over the place in this document.
- Here's one more example:
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
+es; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
+\end_inset
+
-\emph on
-Don't overuse character styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It's also a warning in addition to an example.
- One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
- Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character style.
-
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ XeTeX and especially LuaTeX, are still rather new and thus not as mature
+ as traditional LaTeX or PDFTeX.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- or the dialog
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-Style
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
-\family sans
-Text Style
-\family default
- dialog
+Document Font and Font size
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+name "sub:Document-Font"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text Style
+Font ! Size
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning, so
- LyX gives you a way to create a custom character style.
- For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
- requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
- Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
- from ordinary dialog.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Font
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
- tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
+You can set the document fonts in the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
-Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Customized\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\family default
dialog.
- There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property which you can choose.
- You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
+ In the
\family sans
-No
+Fonts
+\family default
+ section of the dialog, you can specify which font should be used for the
+ three different font shapes — roman (serif),
+\family sans
+sans
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-change
+serif
\family default
-, which keeps the current state of that property.
- The item
-\family sans
-Reset
+ and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
\family default
- will reset the property to whatever is the default.
- You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
- environments in a snap.
+ (monospaced) — you can specify the base font size and scaling factors for
+ (some) sans serif and typewriter fonts if this is necessary to fit with
+ the roman font.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+If you select
\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
+Use non-T
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-change
+eX fonts
\family default
- and
+, you will have access to the fonts installed on your operating system.
+ This requires that you use
\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
-) are:
+PDF (XeT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Family
+eX)
\family default
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+,
+\family sans
+PDF (LuaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-overall look
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- of the font.
- The possible options are:
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Roman
+eX)
\family default
- This is the Roman font family.
- Normally a serif font.
- It's also the default family.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-roman"
-\end_inset
+ or
+\family sans
+DVI (LuaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Sans
+eX)
+\family default
+ as output format, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Serif
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-This is the Sans Serif font family.
+you will have to have either XeTeX or LuaTeX installed (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
-\family default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-sans"
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+).
+ You will then not have access to TeX's own fonts (the selection described
+ below).
+ Note that LyX lists all available fonts in either of the three lists (roman,
+ sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+serif, and typewriter), since LyX cannot determine the family.
+ Also note that the output might fail with some of the listed fonts, due
+ to the encoding of the fonts and\SpecialChar \slash{}
+or font failures.
+ Again, LyX cannot determine this in advance, so you might need to experiment.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use TeX fonts (which is the default), the possible options for the
+ font include
\family sans
-Typewriter
+Default
\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-This is the Typewriter font family.
-
+ and a list of fonts available with your LaTeX distribution.
+ If you select
+\family sans
+Default,
\family default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-typewriter"
+ the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
+ In most cases, this will be the standard TeX font, known as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Series
+Modern
\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Medium
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
- It's also the default series.
-\end_layout
+) or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family sans
-Bold
+\family typewriter
+European Computer Modern
\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
-\series default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-bold"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
+ (
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+), but some classes preset different default fonts.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Shape
+\begin_layout Standard
+As
+\family typewriter
+cm
\family default
- As the name implies.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
+ and
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+ are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixelated in PDF output, especially
+ when you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Upright
+Reader
\family default
- This is the Upright font shape.
- It's also the default shape.
+ version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
+ renderer.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
+
+ To get rid of pixelated fonts, you have to use a vector font.
+ Depending on how your document should look like, you can either:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+select the
\family sans
-Italic
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
\family default
+ fonts, which is the recommended choice if you want to keep the look of
-\shape italic
-This
-\shape default
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+.
\family sans
-\shape italic
-i
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
\family default
-s the Italic font shape
-\shape default
-\emph on
-.
+ was developed for the LaTeX community in order to replace
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ as the default font.
+ It covers a huge range of glyphs and several font shapes.
+ Except for some details, where the appearance was improved,
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+ looks identical to
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+.;
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+One difference is improved kerning.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Slanted
-\family default
-
-\shape slanted
-This is the Slanted font shape
-\shape default
- (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Itemize
+or select the
+\family sans
+AE
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Almost
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+European)
+\family default
+ fonts in (the rare) case that
\family sans
-Small
+Latin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Caps
+Modern
+\family default
+ is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
+ the look of
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
\family default
-
-\shape smallcaps
-This is the Small caps font shape
-\shape default
-\noun on
.
-\end_layout
+
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ is a virtual font.
+ Virtual means that it
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+steals
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Size
+ outline
+\family typewriter
+cm
\family default
- Alters the size of the font.
- You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
-nal to the document font size.
- Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
- what you want to do.
- The options are:
-\end_layout
+-glyphs from other fonts.
+ This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
+ guillemets (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+«
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+»
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loading the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+aeguill
+\series default
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! aeguill
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Tiny
-\family default
-
-\size tiny
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Tiny
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ with the document preamble line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size tiny"
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
+
+\series default
+will fix the guillemet problem.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Smallest
+ and that accented characters are not
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ glyph, but build of
+\emph on
+two
+\emph default
+ characters, the accent and the letter.
+ Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
+ using the
+\family typewriter
+AE
\family default
-
-\size scriptsize
-This is the
+ fonts.
+ If you search for example for the French word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Smallest
+rève
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size
-\size default
-.
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size scriptsize"
+ in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
+ the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+ è
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Smaller
-\family default
-
-\size footnotesize
-This is the
+ and not for the glyph
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Smaller
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ e +
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size footnotesize"
+ ̀
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Small
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you do not like the look of
+\family typewriter
+cm
\family default
-
-\size small
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+/
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+, you can of course select one of the other provided vector fonts, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Small
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size small"
+\family typewriter
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+Roman
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+ Palatino
+\family default
+.
+ Most roman vector fonts will automatically select matching sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+serif and typewriter fonts
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+These are sometimes just matching other fonts (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
\family sans
-Normal
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
\family default
- This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ selects
+\family sans
+Helvetica
+\family default
+ for sans serif text), or different shapes of the same font, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Normal
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
- font size.
- It's also the default size.
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size normal"
+a real font
+\emph on
+family
+\emph default
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+in case of
+\family sans
+Latin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Modern
+\family default
+ oder
\family sans
-Large
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
\family default
-
-\size large
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+).
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Large
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+, but you can also select your own.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- font size.
+The differences between roman,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size large"
+serif
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-\family sans
-Larger
-\family default
-
-\size larger
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Larger
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- font size.
+The font
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size larger"
+Roman
+\family default
+ was originally designed for newspapers.
+ That means its glyphs are smaller than the ones from other fonts to fit
+ into the small newspaper columns.
+ Therefore
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-)
+Roman
+\family default
+ is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the font size there are generally four possible values:
\family sans
-Largest
+Default, 10
\family default
-
-\size largest
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\family sans
+11
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+12
+\family default
+.
+ Some classes provide additional sizes.
+ The size of
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ depends on the class you are using.
+ In the standard classes it is equal to the font size 10.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the font size is the
+\emph on
+base size
+\emph default
+.
+ That means that LyX scales all other possible font sizes (such as those
+ used in footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
+ You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog if needed.
+ The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size largest"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
\end_inset
-)
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Default Family
+\family default
+ selection lets you specify whether the base font of your document should
+ be roman, sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+serif or typewriter.
+ The
\family sans
-Huge
+Default
+\family default
+ selection uses what is preset by the class, the other selections override
+ this.
+ In most cases,
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ is equal to
+\family sans
+roman
\family default
+, but some classes (such as presentation classes) also use other defaults.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family typewriter
-\size huge
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+LaTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Huge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+X font encoding
+\family default
+ selection is an expert setting which lets you change the value passed to
+ the LaTeX-package
+\emph on
+ fontenc
+\emph default
+ (see also sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size huge"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"
+
\end_inset
-)
+).
+ Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
+ Unless you have specific reasons, use
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+With some fonts, the checkboxes
\family sans
-Huger
+Use Old Style Figures
\family default
-
-\size giant
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ and
+\family sans
+Use True Small Caps
+\family default
+ are enabled.
+ These are extra features some fonts provide.
+ If
+\family sans
+Use Old Style Figures
+\family default
+ is checked, the font uses old style (also known as medieval or text) figures,
+ i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Huger
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+e.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
+figures with varying height that fit nicely with lower letters.
+
+\family sans
+Use True Small Caps
+\family default
+ determines that real small caps are used instead of faked small caps made
+ of scaled capitals.
+ Real small caps are often part of expert font sets; they generally look
+ better than faked small caps but might have to be purchased separately.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The field
+\family sans
+CJK
+\family default
+ allows users of the languages Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) to specify
+ a font to display the script characters.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The font will be the argument for the commands of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+.
+ So this has no effect for the document language
+\family sans
+Japanese
+\family default
+ that doesn't use
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
-\size default
- (key bindings
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-size giant"
\end_inset
-)
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
+ this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
\family sans
-Increase
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
\family default
- This increases the size by one step (for instance, from
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"
+
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-Huge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-).
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size increase"
-\end_inset
-)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using Different Character Styles
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Decrease
-\family default
- This decreases the size by one step (for instance, from
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Character Styles
+\end_layout
-Normal
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Small
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
-).
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-size decrease"
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We'll warn you
-\emph on
-yet again
-\emph default
-: don't go crazy with this feature.
- You should almost never need to change the font size.
- LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
- — use that instead.
- This is here for fine-tuning only!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
+ certain paragraph environments.
+ LyX supports two character styles,
\family sans
-Misc
+Emphasized
\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+ and
\family sans
-Emph
+Noun
\family default
-
-\emph on
-This is text with emphasize on
-\emph default
.
- This might seem like the same as
-\shape italic
-Italic
-\shape default
-, but it is actually a bit different.
- Emphasized is a
-\emph on
-logical
-\emph default
- attribute.
- That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
- text.
- Normally this font is equal to italic.
+ You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
+ toolbar.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+To activate the
\family sans
-Underbar
+Noun
\family default
-
-\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+ style, do one of the following:
+\end_layout
-\bar default
- (key binding
+\begin_layout Itemize
+click on the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-underline"
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
-\family sans
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
-\family default
-Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a hangover from the typewriter days,
- when you couldn't change fonts.
- We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
- It's only included in LyX because some people
-\emph on
-may
-\emph default
- need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+These commands are all toggles.
+ That is, if
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style is already active, they deactivate it.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+One typically uses the
\family sans
-Double
-\begin_inset space ~
+Noun
+\family default
+ style for proper names.
+ For example:
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-underbar
-\family default
-
-\uuline on
-This is text with Double underbar on.
-\uuline default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-underunderline"
+\noun on
+Matthias Ettrich
+\noun default
+ is the original author of LyX.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-If we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+A more widely used character style is the
\family sans
-Wavy
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-underbar
+Emphasized
\family default
-
-\uwave on
-This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+ style.
+ You can activate (or deactivate — it's also a toggle) the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style by:
+\end_layout
-\uwave default
- (key binding
+\begin_layout Itemize
+clicking on the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-underwave"
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
- Keep antinausea pills handy.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Strikeout
-\family default
-
-\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
-
-\strikeout default
- (key binding
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using the keybindings
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "font-strikeout"
+arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
-) This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has
- since changed.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally the
\family sans
-Noun
+Emphasized
\family default
-
-\noun on
-This is text with Noun on.
+ style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag
+es use a different font.
+\end_layout
-\noun default
- Like
+\begin_layout Standard
+We've been using the
\family sans
-Emph
+Emphasized
\family default
-, this is a logical attribute.
- Normally it's equivalent to
+ style all over the place in this document.
+ Here's one more example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+
+\emph on
+Don't overuse character styles!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It's also a warning in addition to an example.
+ One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
+ Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
+ the common tendency to overuse character style.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-default"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the dialog
\family sans
-Small
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Caps
+Style
\family default
.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning with the
\family sans
-Color
+Text Style
\family default
- You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
- Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
- Besides
-\family sans
-No
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+ dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
-color
-\family default
-, which is the default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-color
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- and means normally black, you can choose between
-\family sans
-Black
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-White
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Red
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Green
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Blue
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Cyan
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Magenta
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Yellow
-\family default
- text.
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Color ! Text
+Text Style
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning, so
+ LyX gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+ For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
+ requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
+ Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
+ from ordinary dialog.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
- the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
- (only within LyX).
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
+ warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
+ tend to look as if someone has knocked huge holes in them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+To use custom character styles, open the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
+Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customized
\family default
- dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "textstyle-apply"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
- isn't visible.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-default"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-slanted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and the series to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-bold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-), set the
+ dialog.
+ There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+ font property which you can choose.
+ You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
\family sans
-Toggle
+No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-all
+change
\family default
- switch and press
+, which keeps the current state of that property.
+ The item
\family sans
-Apply
+Reset
\family default
-.
+ will reset the property to whatever is the default.
+ You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
+ environments in a snap.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You should also know something about the differences between the three main
- font types
-\family sans
-serif
-\family default
-,
+The font properties, and their options (in addition to
\family sans
-sans
+No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-serif
+change
\family default
-, and
+ and
\family sans
-typewriter
+Reset
\family default
-:
+) are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Typewriter
+Family
\family default
- is a so called
+ The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-monospaced
+overall look
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font, that means every character has the same width, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ of the font.
+ The possible options are:
+\end_layout
-i
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
- is as wide as the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+Roman
+\family default
+ This is the Roman font family.
+ Normally a serif font.
+ It's also the default family.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-roman"
\end_inset
-m
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-.
- Here is an example
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Sans
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Serif
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+This is the Sans Serif font family.
-\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
-status open
+\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-sans"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-no
+)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+
\family typewriter
-typewriter text
+This is the Typewriter font family.
+
\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-typewriter"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For more on phantoms see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+)
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:More-Spaces"
+\family sans
+Series
+\family default
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-.
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\series default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-bold"
\end_inset
-no typewriter text
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Serif
+Shape
\family default
- fonts use characters with serifs.
- These are the small
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-appendices
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ As the name implies.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
- at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
- The following example will show the difference:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-text with serifs
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Upright
+\family default
+ This is the Upright font shape.
+ It's also the default shape.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-text without serifs
+Italic
+\family default
+
+\shape italic
+This
+\shape default
+
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+i
\family default
+s the Italic font shape
+\shape default
+\emph on
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
- These fonts are therefore used as default (named
\family sans
-roman
+Slanted
\family default
-).
+
+\shape slanted
+This is the Slanted font shape
+\shape default
+ (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Sans serif
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Caps
\family default
- don't use serifs.
- This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
- We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+
+\shape smallcaps
+This is the Small caps font shape
+\shape default
+\noun on
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-Toggling
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Size
+\family default
+ Alters the size of the font.
+ You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
+nal to the document font size.
+ Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
+ what you want to do.
+ The options are:
+\end_layout
- refers to applying or removing font properties.
- When a property is marked for toggling in the Text Style dialog, applying
- the style to text that already has the property will cause the property
- to be removed.
- If you apply a style with properties A, B and C to text that currently
- has font properties B, C, F and G, and if B is set to toggle and C is set
- not to toggle, the text ends up with properties A, C, F and G.
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Tiny
+\family default
+\size tiny
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Never toggled
+Tiny
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ font size.
-always toggled
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size tiny"
\end_inset
- mean that you do not control the toggling behavior.
- For the properties on the left side of the dialog (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-Family
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
- etc.), toggling behavior is up to you.
- If
+\family sans
+Smallest
+\family default
+
+\size scriptsize
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Toggle all
+Smallest
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is checked, all of the left side properties are toggled; by default, none
- of them are.
- Finally,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ font size
+\size default
+.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size scriptsize"
\end_inset
-Reset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
- is never toggled.
- If you set
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Smaller
+\family default
+
+\size footnotesize
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Series
+Smaller
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ font size.
-Reset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size footnotesize"
\end_inset
- and select
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-Toggle all
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-, then apply the style to bold face text, the text will revert to the default
- series (
+\family sans
+Small
+\family default
+
+\size small
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Medium
+Small
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-), no matter how many times you apply the style.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Printing and Previewing
-\end_layout
+ font size.
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size small"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation
- using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
- Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
- goes on behind-the-scenes.
- We cover this information in much greater detail in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual as well.
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.
- LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent
- confusion, we'll only refer to LaTeX.
- LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
- Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
- This happens in two stages:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
- generating a file with the extension,
+\family sans
+Normal
+\family default
+ This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
-
+Normal
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+ font size.
+ It's also the default size.
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size normal"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
- file to produce printable output.
-
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Output file formats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Large
+\family default
+
+\size large
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Output-file-formats"
-
+Large
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ font size.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Simple text (ASCII)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! ASCII
-\end_layout
-
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size large"
\end_inset
-
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-.txt
+\family sans
+Larger
\family default
+
+\size larger
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Larger
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ font size.
-American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size larger"
\end_inset
- (ASCII).
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Simple
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-text
-\family default
- or
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Simple
-\begin_inset space ~
+Largest
+\family default
+
+\size largest
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-text
-\begin_inset space ~
+Largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-(ps2ascii)
-\family default
-.
- The latter will first internally export to PostScript and then do the conversio
-n to ASCII.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! LaTeX
-\end_layout
+ font size.
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size largest"
\end_inset
-
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Huge
+\family default
+
+\size huge
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Huge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
+ font size.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size huge"
\end_inset
- and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process
- your document.
- If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process
- it manually with console commands.
- The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever
- you view or export your document.
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document as LaTeX-file using the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Huger
+\family default
+
+\size giant
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-{}
-\end_layout
+Huger
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key bindings
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-size giant"
\end_inset
-eX
-\family default
-.
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-DVI
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! DVI
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Increase
+\family default
+ This increases the size by one step (for instance, from
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Huge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+).
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size increase"
\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Decrease
\family default
+ This decreases the size by one step (for instance, from
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Normal
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- It is called
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-device-independent
+Small
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
- to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
- DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
- like PostScript.
+).
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-size decrease"
+\end_inset
+
+)
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-DVI files do not contain images, they only link them.
- So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
- Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
- it visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer when
- you view the DVI.
- So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
+We'll warn you
+\emph on
+yet again
+\emph default
+: don't go crazy with this feature.
+ You should almost never need to change the font size.
+ LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
+ — use that instead.
+ This is here for fine-tuning only!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to DVI by the menu
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Misc
\family default
- or
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(LuaTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-{}
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+ This might seem like the same as
+\shape italic
+Italic
+\shape default
+, but it is actually a bit different.
+ Emphasized is a
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+ attribute.
+ That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
+ text.
+ Normally this font is equal to italic.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-X).
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Underbar
\family default
- The latter option uses the program
-\family typewriter
-LuaTeX
-\family default
-.
-\family typewriter
-LuaTeX
-\family default
- is an engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
- font access (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\bar under
+This is text with Underbar on.
+\bar default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-underline"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
+\family sans
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-).
- LuaTeX is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
- TeX processor.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PostScript
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! PostScript
+\family default
+Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a hangover from the typewriter days,
+ when you couldn't change fonts.
+ We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ It's only included in LyX because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+underbar
+\family default
+
+\uuline on
+This is text with Double underbar on.
-\end_layout
+\uuline default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-underunderline"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+If we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
+ about double underbar.
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.ps
-\family default
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+Wavy
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- PostScript was developed by the company
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
+underbar
\family default
- as a printer language.
- The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
- file.
- PostScript can be seen as a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+
+\uwave on
+This is text with Wavy underbar on.
-programming language
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\uwave default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-underwave"
\end_inset
-; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-When you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-packa
-ge
-\series bold
-pstricks
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! pstricks
+Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
+ Keep antinausea pills handy.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-.
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Strikeout
+\family default
+
+\strikeout on
+This is text with Strikeout on.
+\strikeout default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-strikeout"
\end_inset
- Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
+) This is frequently used to indicate an older version of text that has
+ since changed.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-PostScript can only contain images in the format
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+
+\noun on
+This is text with Noun on.
- (EPS, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\noun default
+ Like
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+, this is a logical attribute.
+ Normally it's equivalent to
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.eps
+Caps
\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-).
- As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has
- to convert them in the background to EPS.
- If you have e.g 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\family sans
+Color
+\family default
+ You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
+ Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Besides
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images in your document, LyX has to do 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+color
+\family default
+, which is the default
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-conversions whenever you view or export your document.
- This will slow down your workflow with LyX drastically.
- So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
- EPS to avoid this problem.
-\end_layout
+color
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
+ and means normally black, you can choose between
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-PostScript
+Black
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PDF
+,
+\family sans
+White
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Red
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Green
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Blue
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cyan
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Magenta
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Yellow
+\family default
+ text.
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-File formats ! PDF
+Color ! Text
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
+ the language of the document.
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ (only within LyX).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
+ Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
+Style
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ dialog, the settings are saved.
+ You can activate them using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
\end_inset
.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
+ isn't visible.
+
+\end_layout
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- (PDF) developed by
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\family default
- was derived from PostScript.
- It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.
- As the name
+.
+ If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
+ (suppose you just set the shape to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-portable
+slanted
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
- looks exactly the same.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
+ and the series to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
+bold
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+), set the
+\family sans
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+all
+\family default
+ switch and press
+\family sans
+Apply
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should also know something about the differences between the three main
+ font types
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+typewriter
\family default
+:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- or
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
-
+monospaced
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) and
+ font, that means every character has the same width, the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
+i
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
+ is as wide as the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
-
+m
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-).
- You can although use any other image format, because LyX converts them
- in the background to one of these formats.
- But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
- will slow down your workflow.
- So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PDF via the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export
-\family default
- in three different ways:
-\end_layout
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ps2pdf
-\family default
- that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
- The PostScript-version is produced by the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
- So this export variant consist of three conversions.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
-(dvipdfm) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
- PDF.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+no
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(pdflatex) This uses the program
+
\family typewriter
-pdftex
+typewriter text
\family default
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-(XeTe
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-XeTeX
-\family default
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
-
-\family typewriter
-XeTeX
-\family default
- is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
- font access (see section
+For more on phantoms see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
+reference "sub:More-Spaces"
\end_inset
-).
- It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(LuaTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-{}
+no typewriter text
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-X) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-LuaTeX
-\family default
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
-
-\family typewriter
-LuaTeX
-\family default
- is an even newer engine, derived from
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
+\family sans
+Serif
\family default
-, that also provides direct Unicode support and support for direct font
- access (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example will show the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-).
- LuaTeX is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
- tex processor.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend to use
\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- because
-\family typewriter
-pdftex
+text without serifs
\family default
- supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and
- works without problems.
- If you rely on multiscript support and\SpecialChar \slash{}
-or specific OpenType fonts, you might
- want to try out
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-(XeTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-{}
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ don't use serifs.
+ This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-X)
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-PDF
-\begin_inset space ~
+Toggling
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-(LuaTe
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
+ refers to applying or removing font properties.
+ When a property is marked for toggling in the Text Style dialog, applying
+ the style to text that already has the property will cause the property
+ to be removed.
+ If you apply a style with properties A, B and C to text that currently
+ has font properties B, C, F and G, and if B is set to toggle and C is set
+ not to toggle, the text ends up with properties A, C, F and G.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-X)
-\family default
- instead, bearing in mind that these two programs are not yet as mature
- as
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-XHTML
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+Never toggled
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-FileFormats ! XHTML
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+always toggled
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ mean that you do not control the toggling behavior.
+ For the properties on the left side of the dialog (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+Family
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-HTML
-\end_layout
+ etc.), toggling behavior is up to you.
+ If
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Toggle all
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ is checked, all of the left side properties are toggled; by default, none
+ of them are.
+ Finally,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Reset
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
+ is never toggled.
+ If you set
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Series
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.xhtml
-\family default
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Reset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.
- It does not itself contain images and the like but only links them, and
- when LyX produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats
- suitable for the purpose.
- Math is output as MathML, which renders nicely in browsers that support
- it, but not all do.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-XHTML output remains
+ and select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-under development
+Toggle all
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and not all LyX features are supported yet.
- See the chapter
+, then apply the style to bold face text, the text will revert to the default
+ series (
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LyX and the World Wide Web
+Medium
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, in the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual, for more information.
+), no matter how many times you apply the style.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LyX-HTML
-\family default
-.
+We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
+ They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Printing and Previewing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Previewing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+Overview
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Preview
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now that we have covered some of the basic features of document preparation
+ using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
+ Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
+ goes on behind-the-scenes.
+ We cover this information in much greater detail in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual as well.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.
+ LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent
+ confusion, we'll only refer to LaTeX.
+ LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
+ Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
+ This happens in two stages:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
+ generating a file with the extension,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page
- breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
-
-\family sans
-View
-\family default
- and choose
-\family sans
-View
+\family typewriter
+.tex
\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "buffer-view"
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
- output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+ file to produce printable output.
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:File-Formats"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Output file formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
+\end_layout
-) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
- (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-).
- Further output formats can be selected via
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Other Formats
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/view-others.png
- scale 85
- groupId toolbarbuttons
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
- viewer window using the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update (Other Formats)
-\family default
-, respectively.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Simple text (ASCII)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary
- directory.
- To have a real output, export your document.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! ASCII
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Printing the File from within LyX
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Printing-the-File"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead of exporting your file and then printing it, you can also print
- it directly from within LyX.
- To print a file, select the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Print
-\family default
- or click on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show print"
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
- LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.
- This file is then processed by the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- to PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program
+
\family typewriter
-Ghostscript
+.txt
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
.
- Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.
+ It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+American Standard Code for Information Interchange
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (ASCII).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose to print only even-numbered or odd-numbered pages — this
- is useful for printing on two sides: You can re-insert the pages after
- printing one set to print on the other side.
- Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
- By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
- of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
-\end_layout
+You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Simple
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the parameters in the
+text
+\family default
+ or
\family sans
-Print
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Simple
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Destination
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(ps2ascii)
\family default
- box as follows:
+.
+ The latter will first internally export to PostScript and then do the conversio
+n to ASCII.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Printer
-\family default
- This is the name of the printer to print to.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Note that this printer name is for the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
- That means
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- has to be configured for this printer name.
- The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+File formats ! LaTeX
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Printer"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- The printer should understand PostScript.
+ and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process
+ your document.
+ If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process
+ it manually with console commands.
+ The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever
+ you view or export your document.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as LaTeX-file using the menu
\family sans
-File
-\family default
- The name of a file to print to.
- The output will be a PostScript file.
- It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full
- path.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-A few Words about Typography
-\begin_inset Index idx
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+eX
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphens
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+DVI
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyphens
+File formats ! DVI
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX, the
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
--
+.dvi
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+.
+ It is called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+device-independent
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
+ to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
+ DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
+ like PostScript.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+DVI files do not contain images, they only link them.
+ So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
+ Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
+ it visible when you scroll the DVI, this can slow down your computer when
+ you view the DVI.
+ So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+You can export your document to DVI by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-name
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-output
-\end_layout
+X).
+\family default
+ The latter option uses the program
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\family default
+.
+
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\family default
+ is an engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
+ font access (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-inserted with
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-hyphen
+).
+ LuaTeX is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
+ TeX processor.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PostScript
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
+File formats ! PostScript
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
--
+.ps
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in text
-\end_layout
+.
+ PostScript was developed by the company
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as a printer language.
+ The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
+ file.
+ PostScript can be seen as a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+programming language
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-en dash
-\end_layout
+When you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-packa
+ge
+\series bold
+pstricks
+\series default
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-–
+LaTeX-packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols
+ Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+PostScript can only contain images in the format
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-em dash
-\end_layout
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-—
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+).
+ As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has
+ to convert them in the background to EPS.
+ If you have e.g 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special
+images in your document, LyX has to do 50
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols
+conversions whenever you view or export your document.
+ This will slow down your workflow with LyX drastically.
+ So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
+ EPS to avoid this problem.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PostScript
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PDF
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-minus sign
+File formats ! PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
--
+.pdf
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in math mode
-\end_layout
-
+.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+ (PDF) developed by
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ was derived from PostScript.
+ It is more compressed and it uses fewer commands than PostScript.
+ As the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+portable
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
+ looks exactly the same.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
+PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in LyX.
-
+ (JPG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
--
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- gives a en dash,
+ or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+) and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
+Portable Network Graphics
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- a em dash.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
- Here are some examples of the
+ (PNG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
--
+.png
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in use:
+).
+ You can although use any other image format, because LyX converts them
+ in the background to one of these formats.
+ But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
+ will slow down your workflow.
+ So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-line- and page-breaks
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-)
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PDF via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export
+\family default
+ in three different ways:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-)
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
+\family default
+ that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
+ The PostScript-version is produced by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
+ So this export variant consist of three conversions.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-)
+(dvipdfm) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
+ PDF.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(pdflatex) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-minus sign
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphenation
-\begin_inset Index idx
+(XeTe
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyphenation
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+X) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+XeTeX
+\family default
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
+
+\family typewriter
+XeTeX
+\family default
+ is a new engine that provides direct Unicode support and support for direct
+ font access (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Hyphenation"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
\end_inset
-
+).
+ It is particularly good at typesetting different scripts, for example verticall
+y written Japanese.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Words aren't hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.
- Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-babel
-\series default
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
+(LuaTe
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! babel
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
- following the rules of the document language.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX hyphenates almost perfectly, it only has problems with text in the
+X) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\family default
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
-\family sans
-typewriter
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
\family default
- font and with unusual constructs, like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ is an even newer engine, derived from
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+, that also provides direct Unicode support and support for direct font
+ access (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-h3knix/m0n0wall
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-font-support"
+
\end_inset
-.
- If LaTeX can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
- This is done with the menu
+).
+ LuaTeX is still work in progress, but it might develop into the next standard
+ TeX processor.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend to use
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Hyphenation
+PDF
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Point
+(pdflatex)
\family default
-.
- These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
- If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.
+ because
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ supports all the features of actual PDF-versions, is quick, stable, and
+ works without problems.
+ If you rely on multiscript support and\SpecialChar \slash{}
+or specific OpenType fonts, you might
+ want to try out
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.
- Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document
- in the form
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-A-b c
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+X)
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- LaTeX would then see the hyphen
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+(LuaTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+{}
+\end_layout
-Prevent Hyphenation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- of the
-\emph on
-EmbeddedObjects
-\emph default
- manual.
+X)
+\family default
+ instead, bearing in mind that these two programs are not yet as mature
+ as
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Punctuation Marks
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+XHTML
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Punctuation marks
+FileFormats ! XHTML
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Abbreviations and End of Sentence
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Abbreviations"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+HTML
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
- automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
- LaTeX then adds the
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-appropriate amount of space
+
+\family typewriter
+.xhtml
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
- the next word.
- Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
+ It is a file suitable for viewing in web browsers.
+ It does not itself contain images and the like but only links them, and
+ when LyX produces XHTML, it also generates corresponding images in formats
+ suitable for the purpose.
+ For the math output you can choose in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Output
+\family default
+ between different formats, that are described in section
+\emph on
+Math Output in XHTML
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does
- not work in all cases.
- If a
+XHTML output remains
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.
-\family default
-
+under development
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
- at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are some examples of
+, and not all LyX features are supported yet.
+ See the chapter
\emph on
-correct
+LyX and the World Wide Web
\emph default
- abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
+, in the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual, for more information.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-M.
- Butterfly
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as an XHTML file using the menu item
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LyXHTML
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Don't worry.
- Be happy.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Previewing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-g.
- this is too much space!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I.
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To fix this problem, use one of the following:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
+To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the page
+ breaks in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
+
\family sans
-Inter-word
-\begin_inset space ~
+View
+\family default
+ and choose
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
\end_inset
-Space
-\family default
- after lowercase abbreviations (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+.
+ A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
+ output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
\end_inset
-).
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
+ (see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! inter-word
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Doc-Output"
\end_inset
+).
+ Further output formats can be selected via
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Other Formats
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/view-others.png
+ scale 85
+ groupId toolbarbuttons
+
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use a
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
+ viewer window using the menu
\family sans
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Space
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update
\family default
- between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+ or
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update (Other Formats)
+\family default
+, respectively.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary
+ directory.
+ To have a real output, export your document.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Thin-Space"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printing the File from within LyX
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Printing-the-File"
\end_inset
-).
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Spaces ! thin
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Instead of exporting your file and then printing it, you can also print
+ it directly from within LyX.
+ To print a file, select the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Print
+\family default
+ or click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show print"
\end_inset
+.
+ LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.
+ This file is then processed by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ to PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program
+\family typewriter
+Ghostscript
+\family default
+.
+ Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can choose to print only even-numbered or odd-numbered pages — this
+ is useful for printing on two sides: You can re-insert the pages after
+ printing one set to print on the other side.
+ Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
+ By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
+ of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the parameters in the
\family sans
-End
+Print
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Destination
+\family default
+ box as follows:
+\end_layout
-sentence
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-period
-\family default
- found under the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Printer
+\family default
+ This is the name of the printer to print to.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-Character
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that this printer name is for the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
\family default
- menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
- This function is also bound to
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"
+.
+ That means
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ has to be configured for this printer name.
+ The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for easy access.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Printer"
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-this is too much space!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I\SpecialChar \@.
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
- If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because LaTeX
- will take care of this.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
- Check out the
-\family sans
-Check
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-TeX
-\family default
- feature described in section
-\emph on
-Checking TeX
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+ The printer should understand PostScript.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+File
+\family default
+ The name of a file to print to.
+ The output will be a PostScript file.
+ It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full
+ path.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
+\begin_layout Section
+A few Words about Typography
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
+Typography
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphens
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+Hyphens
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In LyX, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ character comes in four lengths: the
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+, and the minus sign:
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
- For example,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+name
+\end_layout
-open close
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- The keyboard character,
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
-, generates this automatically.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+output
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the behavior of the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key using the submenu
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- of the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
+inserted with
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- dialog.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+hyphen
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
-\family sans
-Type
-\family default
- option.
- There are six choices:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\family typewriter
+-
\family default
- Use quotes like this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-double
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes els
-\end_inset
+ in text
+\end_layout
-single
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+en dash
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
+\end_layout
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
+Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
+\end_layout
- or 'this
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+em dash
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+—
+\end_layout
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
+Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+minus sign
+\end_layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes gls
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\family typewriter
+-
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes pls
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+ in math mode
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
-\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes fls
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frs
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
+ character multiple times in a row.
+ They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
+ the final output, but not in LyX.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
+ gives a en dash,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes als
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ars
+-
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ a em dash.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These settings affect what character the
-\family sans
-"
+The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
+ math mode and has a length of its own.
+ Here are some examples of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
\family default
- key produces.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
+ in use:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+line- and page-breaks
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+(
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+From A–Z
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+(
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh — there's a dash.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-{
+(
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-}
+(
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphenation
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Ligatures"
+name "sub:Hyphenation"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too
- in the output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
+Words are not hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.
+ Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! babel
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
+ following the rules of the document language.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or the German
+LaTeX hyphenates almost perfectly, it only has problems with text in the
+
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and with unusual constructs, like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Dorffest.
+h3knix/m0n0wall
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- To break a ligature, use
+.
+ If LaTeX cannot break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points
+ manually.
+ This is done with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ligature
+Hyphenation
\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Break.
+\end_inset
+Point
\family default
- This changes
+.
+ These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
+ If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs from being hyphenated.
+ Imagine that you are describing keybindings/shortcuts in your document
+ in the form
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-cufflinks
+A-b c
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to
+.
+ LaTeX would then see the hyphen
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-links
+-
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
+ as a hyphenation possibility.
+ Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
+ as described in section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Dorffest
+Prevent Hyphenation
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-LyX's Proper Names
+Punctuation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LyX ! Proper names
+Punctuation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Abbreviations and End of Sentence
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+name "sub:Abbreviations"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You will certainly have noticed that the word “LaTeX” always appears with
- characters in different sizes and heights.
- LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
- as a proper name when you type it in LyX as
+When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
+ automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
+ LaTeX then adds the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX
+appropriate amount of space
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+ That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
+ the next word.
+ Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation does
+ not work in all cases.
+ If a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-command
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
- To create proper names omit the TeX Code.
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- Note the order of the upper-and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the following
- proper names:
+ is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
+ at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-LyX The name of the game, write
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-L
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are some examples of
+\emph on
+correct
+\emph default
+ abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+M.
+ Butterfly
+\end_layout
-{}
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Don't worry.
+ Be happy.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
+\end_layout
-yX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- to produce it.
+g.
+ this is too much space!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-TeX The program used by LaTeX, write
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-T
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I.
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
+\end_layout
-{}
+\begin_layout Standard
+To fix this problem, use one of the following:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-eX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Space
+\family default
+ after lowercase abbreviations (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- to produce it.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX The program used by LyX, write
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"
+
\end_inset
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
+).
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
+Spaces ! inter-word
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- to produce it.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use a
+\family sans
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Space
+\family default
+ between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Thin-Space"
\end_inset
-eX2e
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+).
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- to produce it.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! thin
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
- It's an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of TeX converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-TeX-3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+sentence
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, the previous one was
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+period
+\family default
+ found under the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-TeX-3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Character
+\family default
+ menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
+ This function is also bound to
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "specialchar-insert end-of-sentence"
\end_inset
-.
+ for easy access.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't want to use proper names, e.
+With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-in section headings, you can insert two empty braces in TeX Code in the
- word.
- This will look in LyX like:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/LaTeX.png
- scale 80
-
-\end_inset
+this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I\SpecialChar \@.
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
+ If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because LaTeX
+ will take care of this.
+\end_layout
-For more about TeX Code, look at section
+\begin_layout Standard
+For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
+ Check out the
+\family sans
+Check
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+TeX
+\family default
+ feature described in section
+\emph on
+Checking TeX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Quotes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Quotes
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Units
+Quotes | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example to show the differences:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space ~
+LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
+ Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
+ and use a closing quote at the end.
+ For example,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+open close
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-h
+.
+ The keyboard character,
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+, generates this automatically.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the behavior of the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key using the submenu
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ of the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-h
+ dialog.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-half space between number and unit
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
+\family sans
+Type
+\family default
+ option.
+ There are six choices:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Use quotes like this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Widows and orphans
-\end_layout
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+single
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
- for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
- of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
- of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
- to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
- This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
- or how you can tweak that behavior.
- Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as
-\begin_inset space ~
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset space ~
+ or 'this
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-] may have more information.
- You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
-\end_layout
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Notes
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Notes"
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Description
-LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
-Note This note type is for internal notes that won't appear in the output.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
-\end_layout
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it appears as LaTeX-comm
-ent, when you export the document to LaTeX via the menu
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaTeX (pdflatex) / (plain)
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that only appears as comment in LaTeX-files.
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+These settings affect what character the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key produces.
+\end_layout
-Out This note will appear in the output as grey text.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text
-\begin_inset Foot
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
- In this document the greyed out note color is redefined to blue.
- How this can be done is explained in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
- of a comment that appears in the output as grey text.
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Ligatures"
+
\end_inset
-As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
- indented and greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Note
-\family default
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
.
- Right-click on the appearing note box to select the note type.
+ Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too
+ in the output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Footnotes
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Footnotes"
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the
- menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Footnote
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "footnote-insert"
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-,
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you'll see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- the following box:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png
- scale 80
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
- This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
+ or the German
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ To break a ligature, use
\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Break.
\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again, will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
- on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-button
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-.
-\end_layout
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status open
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
-\end_layout
+cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Dorffest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by LyX, the numbers are consecutive,
- no matter in which chapter the footnote is in.
- LyX doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get another
- scheme using special LaTeX-commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
-\family default
-ey are described in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LyX's Proper Names
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Marginal notes
+LyX ! Proper names
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Marginal
-\begin_inset space ~
+You will certainly have noticed that the word “LaTeX” always appears with
+ characters in different sizes and heights.
+ LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
+ as a proper name when you type it in LyX as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Note
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "marginalnote-insert"
-\end_inset
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
-, you'll see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
- grey
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with a
-\family default
-\series default
- red
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-margin
+eX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is LyX's representation of your margin
-\family default
-\series default
-al
-\family roman
-\series medium
-note.
-\end_layout
+.
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side is an example marginal note.
-\family roman
-\series medium
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+command
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a marginal note.
+ appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
+ To create proper names omit the TeX Code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+ Note the order of the upper-and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the following
+ proper names:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
- pages, right on odd pages.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX The name of the game, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset Index idx
+L
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+yX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+TeX The program used by LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+T
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Graphics
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX The program used by LyX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
- you want and click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
- or select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- tab allows you to choose your image file.
- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
- of the image in the output.
- The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
-
-\family sans
-Get
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-from
-\begin_inset space ~
+eX2e
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-file
-\family default
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Clip
-\begin_inset space ~
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
\end_inset
-bounding
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-box
-\family default
- will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
- the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
.
-\end_layout
+ It's an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of TeX converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-LaTeX and LyX options
-\family default
- tab LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options.
- You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside LyX.
- The option
-\family sans
-Draft
-\begin_inset space ~
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-mode
-\family default
- has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
- with the image size is printed.
- The option
-\family sans
-Don't
-\begin_inset space ~
+TeX-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-unzip
-\begin_inset space ~
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
+TeX-3.14159
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-export
-\family default
- is explained in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual in section
-\emph on
-Graphics Dialog
-\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
- The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
- in the text.
- This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
-
-\end_layout
+If you don't want to use proper names, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+in section headings, you can insert two empty braces in TeX Code in the
+ word.
+ This will look in LyX like:
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- scale 70
+ filename clipart/LaTeX.png
+ scale 80
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see section
+For more about TeX Code, look at section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Figure-Floats"
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Image Formats
+Units
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Formats
+Typography ! Units
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Image-Formats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
-
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- LyX uses therefore the program
-\family typewriter
-ImageMagick
-\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
- you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+ for units use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
-
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
\end_inset
-.
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+Here is an example to show the differences:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
- They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
- Well-known bitmap image formats are
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-Graphics Interchange Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+h
+\end_layout
- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+space between number and unit
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family typewriter
-.gif
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+h
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-GIF|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+half space between number and unit
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
+ for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
+ of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
+ of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
+ to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
+ This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
+ or how you can tweak that behavior.
+ Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography (such as
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ or
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+) may have more information.
+ You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PNG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Notes"
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
+\end_layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Description
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it appears as LaTeX-comm
+ent, when you export the document to LaTeX via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX (pdflatex) / (plain)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-JPG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as comment in LaTeX-files.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Out This note will appear in the output as grey text.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the greyed out note color is redefined to blue.
+ How this can be done is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ of a comment that appears in the output as grey text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Scalable
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
- data loss.
- The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
- presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
- Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Scalable image formats can be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Scalable Vector Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- (SVG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
+ indented and greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.svg
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note
\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the appearing note box to select the note type.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-SVG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+Footnotes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the
+ menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you'll see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ the following box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png
+ scale 80
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.eps
-\family default
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-EPS|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again, will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
+ on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by LyX, the numbers are consecutive,
+ no matter in which chapter the footnote is in.
+ LyX doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get another
+ scheme using special LaTeX-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+Marginal notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
- (PDF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
+, you'll see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+ grey
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with a
\family default
+\series default
+ red
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+margin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is LyX's representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the side is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
-.
- We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
- or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
- In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
- image
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
+This is a marginal note.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
- versa.
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Grouping of Image Settings
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Settings grouping
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
- group.
- Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
- of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
- the same way.
- So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
- need to manually change each of them.
-
+Images
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A new group can be set by entering a name in the
-\family sans
-Group
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Name
-\family default
- field in the Graphics dialog.
- Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
- by checking the name of the desired group.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Tables
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables
+Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Tables"
+name "sec:Graphics"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "tabular-insert"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
- or the menu
+ or select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table
+Graphics
\family default
-.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
- The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
- from the rest of the table.
- This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
- have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
- them.
- Here's an example table:
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
-
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
-\end_layout
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX and LyX options
+\family default
+ tab LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options.
+ You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside LyX.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B
-\end_layout
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Don't
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+unzip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+export
+\family default
+ is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual in section
+\emph on
+Graphics Dialog
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
-\size normal
-\noun off
-\color none
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ scale 70
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Figure-Floats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Images ! Formats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Image-Formats"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table dialog
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
- brings up the table dialog.
- Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
- where the cursor is placed currently.
- Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
- This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
- done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Additionally to the table dialog, the
-\family sans
-table
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-toolbar
-\family default
- helps you in setting table properties.
- It appears when the cursor is inside a table.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
+
\end_inset
-Settings
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ LyX uses therefore the program
+\family typewriter
+ImageMagick
\family default
- of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
- If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
- current cell respectively.
- The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
- is given.
- A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
- of text, see section
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Table-Cells"
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
- using the check box
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Multirow
-\family default
-.
- This will merge the cells to
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- cell, spread over more than one column/row.
- Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
- and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
- Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
- in the last row without the upper border:
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
-<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-abc
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-def ghi
-\end_layout
+Graphics Interchange Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (GIF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.gif
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-jkl
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GIF|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-B
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-C
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-D
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-4
-\end_layout
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.
- They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
- explained in the tables section of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-degrees counterclockwise.
- These rotations are not visible in LyX but in the output.
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PNG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Most DVI-viewers are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- able to display rotations.
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Borders
-\family default
- tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
- The button
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- adds lines for all cell borders.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Longtables
-\begin_inset Index idx
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Longtables
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Longtables
\end_layout
\end_inset
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-long
-\begin_inset space ~
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-table
-\family default
- in the tab
-\family sans
-Longtable
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
\family default
- of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
- Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the first page, if
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-header
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the last page, if
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-footer
-\family default
- is defined.
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
- You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Caption
-\family default
-.
- More about longtable captions can be found in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also specify a row where the table is split.
- If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
- of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
- The others will then be defined as
-\emph on
-empty
-\emph default
-.
- In this context, first means first in this order:
-\family sans
-Footer, Last
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-footer,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Header,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-First
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-header.
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family default
- See the following longtable to see how it works:
-\end_layout
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Example Phone List (ignore the names)
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-TEL.
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Example Phone List
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-NAME
-\end_layout
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-TEL.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+ We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
+ or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
+ In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
+ image
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-continue ...
+In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
+ versa.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping of Image Settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Images ! Settings grouping
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Annovi
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
+ group.
+ Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
+ of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
+ the same way.
+ So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
+ need to manually change each of them.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A new group can be set by entering a name in the
+\family sans
+Group
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Silvia
+Name
+\family default
+ field in the Graphics dialog.
+ Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
+ by checking the name of the desired group.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Tables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+Tables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Bertoli
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Tables"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Stefano
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
+ from the rest of the table.
+ This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
+ have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
+ them.
+ Here is an example table:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Bozzi
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Walter
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cachia
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maria
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cinquemani
+\size normal
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giusi
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bernard
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Concli
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Table dialog
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gianfranco
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
+ brings up the table dialog.
+ Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
+ where the cursor is placed currently.
+ Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
+ This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
+ done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally to the table dialog, the
+\family sans
+table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+toolbar
+\family default
+ helps you in setting table properties.
+ It appears when the cursor is inside a table.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings
+\family default
+ of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
+ If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
+ current cell respectively.
+ The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
+ is given.
+ A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
+ of text, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Dal Bosco
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-Cells"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
+ using the check box
+\family sans
+Multicolumn
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Multirow
+\family default
+.
+ This will merge the cells to
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ cell, spread over more than one column/row.
+ Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
+ and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
+ Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
+ in the last row without the upper border:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Carolina
+abc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+def ghi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Annamaria
+jkl
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Feliciello
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Domenico
+C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+D
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Focarelli
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Galletti
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oreste
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.
+ They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
+ explained in the tables section of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+degrees counterclockwise.
+ These rotations are not visible in LyX but in the output.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Gasparini
+Note:
+\series default
+ Most DVI-viewers are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ able to display rotations.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franca
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Borders
+\family default
+ tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
+ The button
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ adds lines for all cell borders.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Longtables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Rizzardi
+Tables ! Longtables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Longtables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+long
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Lassini
+table
+\family default
+ in the tab
+\family sans
+Longtable
+\family default
+ of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
+ Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the first page, if
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giancarlo
+header
+\family default
+ is defined.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the last page, if
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Malfatti
+footer
+\family default
+ is defined.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Luciano
+footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
+ You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Caption
+\family default
+.
+ More about longtable captions can be found in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify a row where the table is split.
+ If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
+ of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
+ The others will then be defined as
+\emph on
+empty
+\emph default
+.
+ In this context, first means first in this order:
+\family sans
+Footer, Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Header,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+
+header.
+
+\family default
+ See the following longtable to see how it works:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Malfatti
+Example Phone List (ignore the names)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Valeriano
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Meneguzzo
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
\series bold
-Mezzadra
+Example Phone List
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pirpamer
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Erich
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
\series bold
-Pochiesa
+continue ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paolo
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111, 222
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Radina
+Annovi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Claudio
+Silvia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Stuffer
+Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oskar
+Stefano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tacchelli
+Bozzi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ugo
+Walter
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tezzele
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Margit
+Maria
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Unterkalmsteiner
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Frieda
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vieider
+Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hilde
+Giusi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vigna
+Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Jürgen
+Bernard
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Weber
+Concli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
+Gianfranco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Winkler
+Dal Bosco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franz
+Carolina
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
+\series bold
+Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Annamaria
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Annovi
+Feliciello
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Silvia
+Domenico
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Bertoli
+Focarelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Stefano
+Paola
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Bozzi
+Galletti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Walter
+Oreste
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cachia
+Gasparini
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maria
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cachia
+Rizzardi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cinquemani
+Lassini
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giusi
+Giancarlo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Colin
+Malfatti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bernard
+Luciano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Concli
+Malfatti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gianfranco
+Valeriano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Dal Bosco
+Meneguzzo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Carolina
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Dalpiaz
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Annamaria
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Feliciello
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Domenico
+Erich
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Focarelli
+Pochiesa
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Paolo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111, 222
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Galletti
+Radina
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oreste
+Claudio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Gasparini
+Stuffer
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franca
+Oskar
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Rizzardi
+Tacchelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Ugo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Lassini
+Tezzele
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giancarlo
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Malfatti
+Unterkalmsteiner
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Luciano
+Frieda
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Malfatti
+Vieider
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Valeriano
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Meneguzzo
+Vigna
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Mezzadra
+Weber
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pirpamer
+Winkler
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Erich
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\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Pochiesa
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paolo
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555, 222
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Radina
+Annovi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Claudio
+Silvia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Stuffer
+Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oskar
+Stefano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tacchelli
+Bozzi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ugo
+Walter
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tezzele
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Margit
+Maria
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Unterkalmsteiner
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Frieda
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vieider
+Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hilde
+Giusi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vigna
+Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Jürgen
+Bernard
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-999
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Weber
+Concli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
+Gianfranco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Winkler
+Dal Bosco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franz
+Carolina
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row endlastfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-End
+Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Annamaria
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Cells
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Cells
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Table-Cells"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
- All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
- Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
- But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
-\family sans
-Section*
-\family default
-, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
- for the cell's paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
- for the column in the table dialog.
- Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
- is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
- An example:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
+\series bold
+Feliciello
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
+Domenico
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
+\series bold
+Focarelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is a multi-line entry in a table.
+Paola
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-5
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-6
+\series bold
+Galletti
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is longer now.
+Oreste
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-7
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-8
+\series bold
+Gasparini
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is a multi-line entry in a table.
- This is longer now.
+Franca
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-9
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
- You can cut and paste even more than one row.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Note, that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would
- not be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- Selection with the mouse or with
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- plus the arrow keys works as usual.
- You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
- the selection from outside the table.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Floats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
- have a fixed location.
- It can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
-
-\family sans
-Footnotes
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Margin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Notes
-\family default
- are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
- too many notes on the page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
- Images and tables can be spread evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
- and pages without text.
- As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
-, every float can be referenced in the text.
- Floats are therefore numbered.
- Referencing is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+\series bold
+Rizzardi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert a float, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Floats
-\family default
-.
- A box with a caption that has e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
-#:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
- (# is the actual number) will be inserted into your document.
- The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
- the output.
- After the label you can insert the caption text.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Captions
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
- paragraph within the float.
- To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box
- by left-clicking on the box label.
- A closed float box looks like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/floatQt4.png
- scale 80
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- – a gray button with a red label.
+\series bold
+Lassini
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
- LaTeX-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Float Types
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giancarlo
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Figure Floats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Figure floats
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Figure-Floats"
+\series bold
+Malfatti
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Luciano
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Figure
-\family default
- inserts a float with the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-#:
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+Malfatti
+\end_layout
-.
- Set the cursor above this label (or before it and press enter) and insert
- the image as described above to get the caption printed below the image.
- This is what we did for Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Platypus"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Valeriano
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
-.
- If you want the caption to be above the image, set the cursor at the end
- of the caption, press enter and insert the image.
- This was done in Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Escher"
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- width 50col%
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Platypus"
+Roberto
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Erich
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Escher"
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-M.C.
- Escher on acid.
+\series bold
+Pochiesa
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paolo
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- scale 80
+555, 222
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Radina
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Claudio
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
- to it.
- As described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- and refer to it using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
-.
- It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
- references like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-the figure above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+Stuffer
+\end_layout
-, because, as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document, it
- might not be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
+\end_layout
-above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- at all.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
- might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
- This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
- Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+\series bold
+Tacchelli
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
- You can also set the images one below the other.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Undefinable"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tezzele
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- are the subfigures.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+555
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
+\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Undefinable"
+Frieda
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Undefinable
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Vieider
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- width 45col%
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
+\series bold
+Vigna
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
+Jürgen
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Platypus
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+999
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Weber
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 60
- width 45col%
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+Winkler
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franz
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endlastfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Two distorted images.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+End
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the caption is added to the
-\family sans
-List
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-Figures
-\family default
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Table Floats
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table Cells
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Table floats
+Tables ! Cells
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Table-Cells"
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table floats can be inserted using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table
-\family default
-.
- They have the same properties as figure floats except for the different
- label.
- Table
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is an example of a table float.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
-A table float.
+A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
+ All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
+ Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
+ But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
+\family sans
+Section*
+\family default
+, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
+ for the cell's paragraph.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
+ for the column in the table dialog.
+ Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
+ is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
+ An example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Joe
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Mary
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Ted
+5
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+6
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is longer now.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-a & b\\
-c & d
-\end{array}\right]$
+7
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+8
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
+ This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+9
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
+ You can cut and paste even more than one row.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note, that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would
+ not be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
+
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+ Selection with the mouse or with
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ plus the arrow keys works as usual.
+ You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
+ the selection from outside the table.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Algorithm Floats
+\begin_layout Section
+Floats
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Algorithm floats
+Floats
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This float type is inserted with the menu
+A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
+ have a fixed location.
+ It can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
+
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Algorithm
+Footnotes
\family default
-.
- It is used for program codes and descriptions of algorithms.
- A possible environment for algorithms is the
+ and
\family sans
-LyX-Code
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
\family default
-, described in section
+ are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
+ too many notes on the page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
+ Images and tables can be spread evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
+ and pages without text.
+ As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
+, every float can be referenced in the text.
+ Floats are therefore numbered.
+ Referencing is described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LyX-Code"
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+To insert a float, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Floats
+\family default
+.
+ A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.
+ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
+ the output.
+ After the label you can insert the caption text.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- that the float label is not automatically translated into the document
- language.
+Floats ! Captions
\end_layout
\end_inset
- You have to do this manually by adding the following line
+ The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
+ paragraph within the float.
+ To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box
+ by left-clicking on the box label.
+ A closed float box looks like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/floatQt4.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+ – a gray button with a red label.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
+ LaTeX-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Figure Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Figure floats
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-floatname{algorithm}{your
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-name}
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-to the document preamble (menu
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ was created using the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Figure
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert figure"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and
+ using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor
+ in front of or behind the image and using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Settings
\family default
-).
-
-\series bold
-your
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 50
+ width 50col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
+ to it.
+ As described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-name
-\series default
- is the word
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+ and refer to it using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
+ references like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+the figure above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\emph on
-algorithm
-\emph default
+, because, as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document, it
+ might not be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+above
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in your language.
+ at all.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Wrap Floats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
+ might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
+ This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
+ Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Text Wrap Floats
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
+ You can also set the images one below the other.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Platypus"
\end_inset
-
+ are the subfigures.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Wrap figure
-lines 0
-placement l
-overhang 0in
-width "40col%"
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- width 40col%
-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Wrapped-figure"
+name "fig:Undefinable"
\end_inset
-This is a wrapped figure.
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+Undefinable
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ width 45col%
+
\end_inset
\end_inset
-This float type is used if you want to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-wrap
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- text around a figure so that it only occupies some fraction of the column
- width.
- It can be inserted using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Wrap
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Float
-\family default
- if the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-wrapfig
-\series default
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- is installed.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Caption
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Installing a LaTeX-package is explained it in the
-\emph on
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Platypus"
+
\end_inset
-Configuration
-\emph default
- manual.
+Platypus
\end_layout
\end_inset
- The width and placement of the float is adjusted by right-clicking on the
- float box.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Wrapped-figure"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
\end_inset
- is for example a figure wrap float with a width of 40
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-col%.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Available units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
- Some space was added under the caption to separate it better from the surroundi
-ng text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Wrap floats might be fragile! E.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-having a figure too close to the bottom of the page can mess things up so
- that the float doesn't appear in the output or that it is placed over some
- other text.
+Two distorted images.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- In general:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Wrap floats should not be placed in paragraphs that run over a page break.
- That means that wrap floats should preferably be inserted in the exact
- place when the document is nearly ready and you are able to estimate where
- page breaks will appear.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Wrap floats should either be placed in their own paragraph before the paragraph
- where they should wrap into, or within a paragraph.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Wrap floats in consecutive paragraphs may cause trouble, so make sure that
- there is a text paragraph between them as separator.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Wrap floats are not allowed in section headings or tables.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Rotated Floats
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Rotated-Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Table Floats
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Rotating
+Floats ! Table floats
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Especially for wide tables you might have floats rotated.
- To rotate a whole float including the caption, right-click on the float-box
- and use the option
+Table floats can be inserted using the menu
\family sans
-Rotate
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sideways
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Rotated floats are always placed on their own pages (or columns, when you
- have a multicolumn document).
- You can let them span several columns using the float settings option
-\family sans
-Span
-\begin_inset space ~
+ or the toolbar botton
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert table"
\end_inset
-columns
-\family default
.
- Floats are rotated so that you can read them from the outside margin.
- Forcing the rotation direction is explained in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Referencing rotated floats is the same like for normal floats; the caption
- format is also the same: Table
+ They have the same properties as figure floats except for the different
+ label.
+ Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Rotated-table"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is an example of a rotated table float.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Not all DVI-viewers are able to display rotated floats.
-\end_layout
+reference "cap:Table-float"
\end_inset
-
+ is a table float.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
wide false
-sideways true
+sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Rotated-table"
+name "cap:Table-float"
\end_inset
- Rotated table
+A table float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="5">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-test
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-b
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-c
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-d
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-e
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Float Placement
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Float-Placement"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Placement
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Joe
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a float-box opens a dialog where you can alter the placement
- options that LaTeX uses for positioning the float.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The option
-\family sans
-Span
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-columns
-\family default
- is only useful for two-column documents: If you select it, the float will
- span both columns on the page instead of being confined to just one.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-The option
-\family sans
-Rotate
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-sideways
-\family default
- is used to rotate floats, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Rotated-Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Mary
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use one ore more of the following options in the float dialog to
- set the placement for a particular float when you uncheck the option
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-default
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-placement
-\family default
-:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ted
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Here
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-if
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-possible: try to place the float at the position where it is inserted
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Top
-\begin_inset space ~
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
\end_inset
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-page: try to place the float at the top of the current page
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Bottom
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-page: try to place the float at the bottom of the current page
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+a & b\\
+c & d
+\end{array}\right]$
\end_inset
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-floats: try to place the float at an own page
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The order of the above option is
-\emph on
-always
-\emph default
- used by LaTeX.
- That means, if you use the default placement, LaTeX will first try out
-
-\family sans
-Here
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-if
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-possible
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-Top
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-page
-\family default
-, and then the others.
- If you don't use the default, LaTeX will try only the checked options but
- in the same order.
- If none of the 4 placements are possible the procedure is internally repeated
- but it is tried to put the float on the following page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, each option has its own rules:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Top
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
\end_inset
-page
-\family default
- only floats occupying less than 70
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-% of the page can be placed at the top of a page
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Bottom
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-page
-\family default
-: only floats occupying less than 30
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-% of the page can be placed at the bottom of a page.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-floats
-\family default
-: only if more than 50
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-% of the page are occupied by floats, several floats can be set together
- on a page.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like these rules, you can ignore them by using the additional
- option
-\family sans
-Ignore
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+More Information
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-rules
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Details
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you might need, under all circumstances, a float to be placed
- exactly at the position where it is inserted.
- For this case you can use the option
-\family sans
-Here
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-definitely
-\family default
-.
- Use this option very rarely and only if the document is nearly ready to
- be printed.
- Because the float is then no longer able to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- when you change your document, this will often destroy the page layout.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are no placement options for text wrap floats, because they are always
- surrounded by the text of a certain paragraph.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For more details about float placements, have a look at LaTeX books like
+LyX offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
+ It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
+ float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
+ caption.
+ All these features are explained in detail with many examples in chapter
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
-
+\emph on
+Floats
+\emph default
+ of the the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can select which LaTeX-package should be used for this feature by setting
+ the option
+\family sans
+Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document Class
+\family default
+.
+ The format is specified by adding the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newrefformat
+\series default
+ (prettyref) or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newref
+\series default
+ (refstyle) to the preamble of the document.
+ For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
+ shortcut
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+fig
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) can be done with this command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
+\backslash
+pageref{#1}}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "prettyref,refstyle"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-They are also useful simply for keeping a database of articles and notes
- concerning them.
+They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
+ them.
Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
and reviews along with bibliographical information.
\end_layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://www.ctan.org/get/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To generate the bibliography from a database, LyX uses the program BibTeX.
- This program can be controlled with options that you can add in LyX's preferenc
-es dialog under
+ You can choose which of its variants should be used by LyX as processor;
+ either in the document settings under
\family sans
-Outputs\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ or in LyX's preferences under
+\family sans
+Output\SpecialChar \menuseparator
LaT
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
eX
\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-BibT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+ The following variants are possible:
+\end_layout
-{}
+\begin_layout Description
+biber provides full Unicode support; recommended for multilingual texts
+ and for languages that don't use Latin letters
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding
+\end_layout
-eX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in a 8-bit encoding
+\end_layout
-command
-\family default
- field.
+\begin_layout Standard
+BibTeX can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
+ of the variants.
Before adding options, it is strongly recommended to read the manual of
\family sans
Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
section.
But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
- E.g if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create an index entry
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create an index entry
in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
xindy
\family default
, however, this won't work for anything other than bold or italic text.
- This is because xindy requires you
-\change_deleted 5863208 1304031984
-
-\change_unchanged
- to define semantic elements before they can be used, see
+ This is because xindy requires you to define semantic elements before they
+ can be used, see
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
or the options in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Indexes
\family default
.
To set up LyX for the use of multiple indexes, go to
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Indexes
\family default
and select
\begin_layout Section
Customized Page Headers and Footers
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Customized-Page-Headers"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Comparison of Documents
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Comparison of documents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can compare two different LyX files via the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Compare
+\family default
+.
+ The comparison result is a LyX file with change tracking enabled showing
+ the differences.
+ In the comparison dialog you can select with the option
+\family sans
+Copy
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\family default
+ from which document LyX should take the document settings for the the resulting
+ difference file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Enable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+tracking
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+features
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+the
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+output
+\family default
+ enables the change tracking option
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\family default
+ to visualize the differences also in the PDF output of the difference file.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
International Support
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Document-Settings"
+reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you have for example a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language
- other than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
- For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
- you can configure LyX to use an Italian keymap.
+If you have for example a U.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+S.-style keyboard and want to write in a language other than English, you
+ can use an alternate keymap.
+ For example, if you have a U.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian, you can configure LyX to
+ use an Italian keymap.
The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings,
see section
\begin_inset space ~
File
\family default
menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
- At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\family sans
CJK
+\family default
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-LyX
-\family default
-format of the special LyX 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
- (CJK)
+L
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+yX format of the special LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+DocBook text file with code in the language SGML that is used for the markup
+ language
+\family typewriter
+DocBook
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+DocBook
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XML) text file with code in the language XML that is used for the markup
+ language
+\family typewriter
+DocBook
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DraftDVI LaTeX's native DVI-format.
+ This format is not suitable if you have special characters or spaces in
+ files paths or file names in your document.
+ LyX use this format internally as a pre-stage to export to
\family sans
DVI
\family default
- DVI-format
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI DVI-format that also allows to use special characters or spaces in files
+ paths or file names
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX) DVI-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\family default
+; supports Unicode and the usage of non-TeX fonts;
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ not all DVI-viewers are currently able to display this output format properly.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Graphviz
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Dot text file with code in the programming language
+\family typewriter
+Dot
+\family default
+ that is used to draw visualizations of graphs via the program
+\family typewriter
+Graphviz
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(
+\family default
+LuaT
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+eX
+\family sans
+)
+\family default
+text file with the LaTeX source that it is compilable with the program
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
(pdflatex)
\family default
text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-LyX
+
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\family default
+XeT
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+eX
+\family sans
+)
+\family default
+text file with the LaTeX source that it is compilable with the program
+\family typewriter
+XeTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LilyPond
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+book
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(La
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+TeX) text file with the LaTeX source and also code in the syntax of the
+ music notation software
+\family typewriter
+LilyPond
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+L
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+yX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Archive
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(zip) creates a zip-archive file that contains your document and all files
+ that are necessary to compile it (images, child documents, BibTeX files,
+ etc.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+L
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+yX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-1.y.x LyX-document in a format readable by the LyX versions 1.y.x (
+z.y.x LyX-Document in a format readable by the LyX versions z.y.x (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+z
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is replaced by the version number)
+ represent the version number)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-LyXHTML HTML-format, using LyX's internal XHTML engine
+L
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+yXHTML HTML-format using LyX's internal XHTML engine
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted text file, to be opened with
+NoWeb text file with code in the format of the literate programming language
+\family typewriter
+ NoWeb
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted file, to be opened with
\family sans
OpenOffice
\family default
PDF-format using the program
\family typewriter
dvipdfm
+\family default
+, produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(LuaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX)
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+LuaTeX
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
PDF-format using the program
\family typewriter
pdflatex
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
PDF-format using the program
\family typewriter
ps2pdf
+\family default
+, produces internally a PostScript-file which is then converted to a PDF-file
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(XeT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX)
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+XeTeX
+\family default
+, produces PDF-files directly
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Custom
+Sweave text file with the LaTeX source and also code in the statistical
+ programming language
+\family typewriter
+R
\family default
- custom format
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The program
+.
+ Using the
\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
+R
\family default
- produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file.
- It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from
- what you want.
-
+-function
\family typewriter
-pdflatex
+Sweave
\family default
- produces PDF-files directly and supports the latest PDF-file formats.
+ it is possible to use
+\family typewriter
+R
+\family default
+-commands in LaTeX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- allows you to export your file by using special command line options for
- the export program.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Print
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Find & Replace
+Find & Replace (Quick)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Find & Replace (Advanced)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Advanced-Find-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Move Paragraph Up/Down
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This menu entry generates the output you have specified as default output
format either in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
) or in the document settings (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-), for instance PDF, and opens it in an appropriate viewer.
+) and opens it in an appropriate viewer.
+ The default output format is
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\emph default
in the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual for more information on this topic).
This item allows you to view the master document from within its child.
\begin_layout Standard
The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
) or in the document settings (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\emph default
in the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual for more information on this topic).
This item allows you to update the view of a master document from within
\begin_layout Standard
The format used by this function is the default output format as specified
in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
) or in the document settings (see sec.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Quote Inserts this quote:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, no matter what quote type you selected in the
+Quote Inserts this quote: ", no matter what quote type you selected in the
+
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\end_inset
Quote Inserts this quote:
-\begin_inset Quotes els
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
Superscript Inserts a superscript: test
-\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{a,b}}$
+\begin_inset script superscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a, b
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\begin_layout Description
Subscript Inserts a subscript: test
-\begin_inset Formula $_{\text{3x}}$
+\begin_inset script subscript
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3x
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
for a description.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Phantom Inserts Phantom space, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Hyphenation
\begin_inset space ~
\begin_layout Standard
Various lists can be inserted with this menu entry.
- The table of contents, the algorithm, figures, and tables list are described
+ The table of contents, the algorithm, figures and tables list are described
in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-, and the BibTeX bibliography in section
+ and the BibTeX bibliography in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
on a cross-reference box.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forward Search
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This feature allows you to directly jump to the corresponding text part
+ in the output, see section
+\emph on
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+search
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual for a detailed description.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
The Document Menu
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Document-Settings"
+reference "chap:The-Document-Settings"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Counts the number of words and characters in the actual document or the
- highlighted document part.
+Counts the words and characters in the actual document or the highlighted
+ document part.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
The preferences dialog is described in detail in appendix
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
+reference "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This menu opens the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's
+This menu lists the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's
menus.
+ Is a file not available in this language, the English version will be listed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Emphasize text, function of the Edit
+Emphasize text, function of the
\family sans
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Set text to noun style, function of the Edit
+Set text to noun style, function of the
\family sans
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family sans
eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-UpdateMaster
+Update
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Master
\end_layout
\end_inset
in the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual, the math macro toolbar
\begin_inset Index idx
The Document Settings
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "cha:The-Document-Settings"
+name "chap:The-Document-Settings"
\end_inset
and you can decide to use them or not.
If you don't exactly know what the default class options are for, it is
recommended not to touch them.
- The graphics driver is used for LaTeX's graphics, color and page layout
- packages.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics driver
+\family default
+ is used for LaTeX's graphics, color and page layout packages.
When using
\family sans
Default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-When you want one of the following drivers
+When you want to use one of the following drivers
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+
+\family sans
dvi2ps, dvialw, dvilaser, dvitops, psprint, pubps, ln
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
2 in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://tug.ctan.org/get/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
\end_inset
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is also an option to suppress the date and one to use the LaTeX-package
+
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ instead of
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! prettyref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for cross-references, see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Child Documents
\end_layout
This submenu is only visible when your document includes child documents.
Please refer to the section
\emph on
-Child Documents
+Child
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Documents
\emph default
of the
\emph on
-Embedded Objects
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
manual for details.
\end_layout
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Local Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a description.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that LyX won't show two columns or the set up line spacing on screen.
- That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+Note that LyX will not show two columns or the set up line spacing on screen.
+ That is impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
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\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The listings settings are explained in the corresponding section in the
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-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Page Layout
\end_layout
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
+reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Language
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Language-encodings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The known commands are defined in a text file.
+The known commands are defined in a text file (
+\emph on
+unicodesymbols
+\emph default
+).
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\emph on
(LuaTeX)
\family default
-; see section
+, see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-), so if the above options fail, you might try out one of these new engines.
+).
+ So if you are using many special or accented characters and
+\family sans
+Language Default
+\family default
+ fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
+\family default
+ determines the LaTeX-package that is used for hyphenation and the translation
+ of strings like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Part
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The possible settings are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Default is the package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Automatic
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TODO
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+??
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Always
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Babel uses in every case
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom allows you to specify a language package command of your choice.
+ For example, if you want to use XeTeX and therefore want to the package
+
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! polyglossia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+, type in
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{polyglossia}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+None will not use a language package.
+ This necessary for some document classes for scientific articles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-, you can enable subdivided bibliographies using the LaTeX package
+.
+ You can enable subdivided bibliographies using the LaTeX package
\series bold
bibtopic
\series default
\end_inset
- and
+,
\series bold
esint
\series default
\end_inset
- or to use them automatically when they are needed.
+, mathdots
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! mathdots
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+ und
\series bold
-amsmath
+mhchem
\series default
- is needed for many constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in formulas,
- ensure that you have enabled AMS.
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! mhchem
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-esint
-\series default
- is used for special integral characters.
+ or to use them automatically when they are needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+amsmath is needed for many constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in formulas,
+ ensure that you have enabled
+\family sans
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+esint is used for special integral characters, see section
+\emph on
+Big
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Operators
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mathdots is used for special ellipses, see section
+\emph on
+Ellipses
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+mhchem is used for chemical equations, see section
+\emph on
+Chemical Symbols and Equations
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The float placement options are described in section
+The float placement options are described in section
+\emph on
+Float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Placement
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Float-Placement"
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Listings
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The listings settings are explained in chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-File Formats; see
+File Formats
\family default
+, see sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand formatted
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Output
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-TODO!
-\end_layout
-
+Output settings for the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Forward
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+search
+\family default
+.
+ For a detailed description see section
+\emph on
+Reverse DVI/PDF search
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+Options settings for the export format
+\family sans
+LyXHTML
+\family default
+.
+
+\family sans
+Strict XHTML
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-TODO!
-\end_layout
+1.1
+\family default
+ will assure that the output follows exactly version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+1.1 of the XHTML standard.
+ The different
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+output
+\family default
+ settings are described in detail in section
+\emph on
+Math Output in XHTML
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ The scaling is used for the size of equations in the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Dialog
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
+name "chap:The-Preferences-dialog"
\end_inset
\family default
setting.
You can also change the font zoom outside the preferences dialog for the
- current LyX session by pressing Ctrl and scrolling the mouse wheel.
+ current LyX session by pressing
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+ and scrolling the mouse wheel.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\series bold
+Example
+\series default
+: You add a BibTeX-database test.bib to your document.
+ You can edit this file with the program
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+.
+ In
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ you have to use the same Unix-Pipe for LyX in its preferences under
+\family sans
+External
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+programs
+\family default
+.
+ If you want to get one entry of the database as citation, select it in
+
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ and click on the LyX-symbol.
+ The entry will now be inserted as citation at the current cursor position
+ in your LyX file.
+
+\family typewriter
+JabRef
+\family default
+ and LyX need of course to be run the same time.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
\series bold
babel
\series default
-, it's the default language package in classic LaTeX.
- However, more recent typesetting engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX come
- with an alternative language package (
-\series bold
-polyglossia
-\series default
-) that is more suited for the multi-script support of these engines.
- Furthermore, there are also specific language packages for languages not
- covered by babel.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-The available selections are:
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! babel
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noindent
+\end_inset
+, it is the default language package in classic LaTeX.
+ However, more recent typesetting engines such as XeTeX and LuaTeX come
+ with the alternative language package
\series bold
-Automatic
-\series default
-:
-\series bold
-
+polyglossia
\series default
-Selects the most appropriate language package for the current typesetting
- engine (default)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noindent
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Always babel:
-\series default
-Uses always babel, even if another package (such as polyglossia) would have
- been preferred by automatic setting; this essentially allows to select
- babel instead of polyglossia with XeTeX and LuaTeX
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noindent
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Custom:
-\series default
-Lets you load some other language package (via
-\family typewriter
+ that is more suited for the multi-script support of these engines.
+ Furthermore, there are also specific language packages for languages not
+ covered by babel.
+ The available selections are described in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-usepackage
-\series bold
-{
-\series default
-packagename}
-\family default
-)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noindent
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Language-encodings"
-\series bold
-None:
-\series default
-Loads no language package at all
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
Default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Adapt
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-output
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-printer This option works only for the
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-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-dvips
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- It activates a configuration file for dvips.
- This is an option only for dvips experts.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Description
Printer
\begin_inset space ~
you are using.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Adapt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+printer This option works only for the
+\family sans
+Printer command
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+dvips
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It activates a configuration file for dvips.
+ This is an option only for dvips experts.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Date Format
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/get/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/get/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://tug.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://tug.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring Literaturverzeichnis
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "enumitem"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+enumitem
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! enumitem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
\labelwidthstring Literaturverzeichnis
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "tipa"
+key "prettyref"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
\end_inset
of the LaTeX-package
\series bold
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+prettyref
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! tipa
+LaTeX-packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\labelwidthstring Literaturverzeichnis
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "wrapfig"
+key "refstyle"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
\end_inset
of the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-wrapfig
+refstyle
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
+LaTeX-packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring Literaturverzeichnis
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "tipa"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-packages ! tipa
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff