\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes true
+\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author -1402925745 "Günter Milde"
-\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
\end_header
\begin_body
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
This is Verbatim.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
\noindent
\align block
-
The following 2 lines are empty:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
\backslash
}][{|
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim*
-
This is Verbatim*.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
list item and use the menu
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514652028
-
\family sans
-Edit
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652029
-Insert
-\change_unchanged
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514652035
-Start New Environment
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652814
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Separated <Name> Above
\family default
or
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Separated <Name> Below
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
.
This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652169
-before or
-\change_unchanged
-behind it the new list.
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514652256
-The menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Parent Environment
-\family default
- only appears if the item is nested.
- It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
- nesting
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652300
-Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment
-\change_unchanged
-.
+) and before or behind it the
+ new list.
+ Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514889567
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The option
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514890586
-
-\family sans
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
-\change_unchanged
-
-\family default
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514890570
-
\family sans
Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
-
-\change_unchanged
-outputs en- and em-dashes as
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514890990
-ligatures (--, ---)
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891156
-literal characters
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891207
Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
input encoding.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
- instead of
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891082
-a sigle character
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891224
-ligatures (--, ---) (cf.
- section
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-)
-\change_unchanged
-.
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
is the Mac label for the right
\family sans
-Alt
-\family default
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514650349
-
-\family sans
-/ AltGr
-\change_unchanged
-
+Alt
\family default
key).
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514642633
-Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
-\family default
- or with the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-unicode-insert
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- \SpecialChar LyX
- function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
- and 2014 for the en dash).
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
\family default
- or
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514890768
-using
-\change_unchanged
-the
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514650507
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
+ or using the
\family typewriter
unicode-insert
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514650506
-
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
\SpecialChar LyX
- function
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514650396
- with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash and 2014
- for the en dash)
-\change_unchanged
-.
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514642720
-From
-\change_unchanged
A–Z; pages
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
369–378
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514642746
-; Oh – there's a dash.
-\change_unchanged
-
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Whether line breaks
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514642422
-at
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514890882
-before or after
-\change_unchanged
- dashes are allowed depends on the use case and locale
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514650654
-, e.
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-g.
-\change_unchanged
-:
+g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514642312
- in ranges of values such as 1975–1982
-\change_unchanged
-, but no line break should occur if only a single character follows the
- dash (as in A–Z).
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514643928
-The
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891332
-By default,
-\change_unchanged
- dashes
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891353
-that
-\change_unchanged
-are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891361
-by default generally
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891480
-as
+ as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
(-- and ---).
\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\change_unchanged
- allow
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891455
-s
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891448
-for
-\change_unchanged
-line breaks after
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891497
-hyphens,
-\change_unchanged
-en-dashes and em-dashes.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514643799
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514650817
-Please note:
-\change_unchanged
-
+ allows line breaks after hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514652254
-Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Unwanted line breaks
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514652276
-after dashes
-\change_unchanged
-can be prevented by wrapping in a
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891688
-m
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891688
-M
-\change_unchanged
-akebox
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891707
- inset
-\change_unchanged
-
+Unwanted line breaks after dashes can be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514652291
-, using protected spaces
-\change_unchanged
or preceding with
-\family typewriter
+\series bold
\backslash
nobreakdash
-\family default
+\series default
in \SpecialChar TeX
code.
Examples:
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-36
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891557
-8
-\change_unchanged
-–
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891614
-3
-\change_unchanged
-9
+36–39
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514652372
-With spaced en dashes
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-– common e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
- in British English and generally recommended by
-\emph on
-The Elements of Typographic Style
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-– line breaks should not occur before the dash.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\lang french
Les incises
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514642994
-
\begin_inset Box Frameless
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514642994
-
\lang french
–
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514642998
-–
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-même
-\change_unchanged
si tout le monde ne les aime pas
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
log.
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891753
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514643500
-The default dashes output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- disable hyphenation in words adjacent to hyphens
- and ligature dashes.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
Disallow line breaks after dashes
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514653511
-
\family default
-.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514653512
:
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891789
Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
- They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a Makebox
- inset or \SpecialChar TeX
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
code).
Example:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514653363
-
\lang french
Les incises –
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
– sont très utiles.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514644579
-In this case optional l
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514644580
-L
-\change_unchanged
-ine breaks after
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514646589
-individual
-\family sans
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514646372
-
-\family default
-unspaced
-\change_unchanged
-dashes can be
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514644570
-re-
-\change_unchanged
-allowed via the menu
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891813
-
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514891815
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514644634
-as
-\change_unchanged
common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-should be
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514644706
-broken after the dash
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514644714
-followed by a line break opportunity
-\change_unchanged
-.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514890478
-
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514890517
-This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (cf.
- section
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514653204
With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
- or en dashes (cf.
- section
+ or en dashes (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514646777
Changes and backwards compatibility
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514646781
-Note:
-\change_unchanged
Up to \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.1,
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514653772
-you could insert en-dashes and em-dashes as -- and ---, respectively; they
- were automatically merged to proper (breakable) dashes in the output, but
- kept as
-\change_unchanged
- consecutive hyphen characters
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514654314
-(-- and ---)
-\change_unchanged
-in the LyX
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514653785
- document
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514654235
- source were merged to en or em dashes by LaTeX
-\change_unchanged
-.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514653905
-These
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
non-breakable
\emph default
.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514647104
-If you inserted literal dash characters, however, they were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- as
-
-\emph on
-non-breakable
-\emph default
- dashes (this was actually rather by accident than intentionally, but some
- used these two forms of dashes deliberately).
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514646979
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514653950
-As of
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514653959
-Since
-\change_unchanged
-\SpecialChar LyX
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2,
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514655286
-things work differently: consecutive hyphens are merged to dashes immediately
- in the input.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514892048
- consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- in a way that prevents
- ligation to dashes.
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
type
\family default
writer).
-\change_unchanged
-
\begin_inset Foot
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The behavior was changed since
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514892102
-it led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
-, text export, HTML export and the PDF export
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514892145
-
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output
-\change_unchanged
-.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514654876
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
as non-breakable dashes.
This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514655286
- If you copy consecutive hyphens, by contrast, they are output as consecutive
- hyphen characters.
- An unintended consequence of this change was that all dashes now were output
- as non-breakable dashes.
- Since furthermore, in order to maintain the output, occurrences of consecutive
- hyphens in documents that were saved by \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.1 or earlier versions, were converted to literal en- and em-dash characters,
- respectively, these were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- in \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.2 as
-\emph on
-non-breakable
-\emph default
- dashes as well.
- An obvious drawback of all this was that it resulted in different line
- breaks in some documents.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514891934
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514688984
-, by contrast and as outlined above,
-\change_unchanged
- outputs
+2.3 outputs
\emph on
breakable
\emph default
- dashes by default
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514654979
-.
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514655571
-, so if you load a document saved previous to LyX 2.2, you should get the
- identical output with LyX 2.3 for the dashes inserted with -- and ---.
- Furthermore, \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.3 provides the aforementioned option
-\family sans
-Disallow line breaks after dashes
-\family default
- in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts.
-
-\family default
- It is off by default but selected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.2 in order to maintain line breaking between \SpecialChar LyX
- 2.2 and 2.3 (so these document
- have non-breakable dashes).
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514892224
+ dashes by default.
When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514655571
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s dash handling:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649416
-If you used only literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.2 documents, you must manually select
-\family sans
-Disallow line breaks after dashes
-\family default
- to ensure unchanged behavior.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514892245
-
\series bold
Warning:
\series default
-
-\change_unchanged
-If you used both literal and
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514655424
-
+ If you used both literal and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514655426
---/---
-\change_unchanged
dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649416
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649416
-Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
- documents that follow literal
- em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.3.
- If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
- space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514649439
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
following the rules of the document language.
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514652600
\SpecialChar LaTeX
does not hyphenate text in the
\family sans
typewriter
\family default
font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LaTeX
- hyphenates almost perfectly; it only has problems with
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514652587
-text in the
+ hyphenates almost perfectly; it only has problems with text in the
\family sans
typewriter
\family default
- font and with
-\change_unchanged
-unusual constructs, like
+ font and with unusual constructs, like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649694
-hyphenation
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514649696
-line break
-\change_unchanged
- possibility.
-
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649727
-Hyphenating
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514649729
-A line break
-\change_unchanged
- at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being
-\change_deleted -1402925745 1514649715
-hyphenated
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1514649716
-broken
-\change_unchanged
-, you can use a protected hyphen (
+ as a line break possibility.
+ A line break at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being broken, you can use a protected hyphen
+ (
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514652312
-
-\family sans
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1514652312
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
The View Menu
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652349
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652384
-
\family sans
-Separate <Name> Environment (Above/Below)
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1514652391
These menu items are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive
environments of the same type.
See section
\end_inset
for an explanation.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
projects / features.git / blobdiff