-#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 511
+#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 571
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\begin_modules
customHeadersFooters
enumitem
+logicalmkup
\end_modules
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
+\fontencoding auto
\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
\font_sans "lmss" "default"
\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
\default_output_format pdf2
\output_sync 0
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
-\use_package undertilde 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation skip
\defskip medskip
-\quotes_language english
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style english
+\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
+\tablestyle default
\tracking_changes true
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author 274215730 "scott"
-\author 424524441 "rgheck"
+\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
\end_header
\begin_body
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Version 2.2.x
+Version 2.3.x
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
Recent
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352530
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352546
+
+\family sans
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Example
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353355
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353357
+
+\family sans
+Close All
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352570
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352997
+
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Template
\family default
command lists the available templates.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353491
+and possibly propose text fragments
+\change_unchanged
+for the document, features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353500
+and text
+\change_unchanged
+you would otherwise need to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553353510
+change
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353510
+set
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353505
+or enter
+\change_unchanged
+manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
(see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353657
+ You can also add your own templates to this list by means of storing a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ file with the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Save As Template
+\family default
+ function.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+The
+\family sans
+Filter
+\family default
+ field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of
+\emph on
+Labels and References
+\emph default
+ and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sub:
+sub
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
2.4.1.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+By right-clicking on a section in the outliner you can select the whole
+ section to copy, cut or delete it.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Scrolling
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Tab"
description "Tabulator key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Esc"
description "Escape key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Ctrl"
description "Control key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Shift"
description "Shift key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Alt"
description "Alt or Meta key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different
documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.
Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you
- need a specific inset or character style only that one time.
+ need a specific inset or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757388
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757388
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style only that one time.
You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
preamble.
What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
+ packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
+
This is Verbatim.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
\noindent
\align block
+
The following 2 lines are empty:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
+
Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
\backslash
}][{|
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim*
+
This is Verbatim*.
\end_layout
To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
list item and use the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Environment
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Above
\family default
-.
- This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and behind it the new list.
- The menu
+ or
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Parent Environment
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Below
\family default
- only appears if the item is nested.
- It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
- nesting.
+.
+ This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
+) and before or behind it the
+ new list.
+ Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ specifying
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757415
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757415
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles rather than specifying a particular font.
For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
font to emphasize text, you use an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- font, known as
+ With LyX's
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413696
+default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413700
+automatic
+\change_unchanged
+ font encoding, this is
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413733
+, depending on the document language,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413747
+either the the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cm
\family default
) or
+\change_unchanged
+a look-alike of
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413754
+ the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413756
+ this font
+\change_unchanged
+: either
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the bitmap font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
ec
\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+).
+ However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
As
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+ is a bitmap font, it looks pixelated in PDF output, especially when you
+ read the PDF in a zoomed size.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
+This problem is less severe if you read PDFs in
\family typewriter
Adobe
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but built of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
- for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
If you do not like the look of
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fontenc
+ packages ! fontenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413571
(see also section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
Unless you have specific reasons, use
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413471
+
\family sans
Default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413474
+Automatic
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Enable micro-typographic extensions
+\family default
+ activates extensions such as character protrusion and font expansion via
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+microtype
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! microtype
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ input encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Using Different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757119
+Character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757120
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+ Styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595783
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:charstyles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the character style for certain
- paragraph environments.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- supports two character styles,
-\family sans
+ automatically changes the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601052
+character
+\change_unchanged
+style for certain paragraph environments.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757169
+ In this section, we will explain how the style of selected text passages
+ can by changed.
+ This is where we meet the concept of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595930
+By default,
+\change_unchanged
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757160
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757161
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles,
+\emph on
Emphasized
-\family default
+\emph default
and
+\noun on
+Noun
+\noun default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757189
+These are
+\emph on
+builtin
+\emph default
+, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., available with all document classes.
+ On top of that, some document classes and modules provide
+\emph on
+custom text styles
+\emph default
+ for specific purposes.
+ We describe both types of text styles in a minute.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757201
+Before we do that, though, allow us just a few words of what we mean by
+
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+ in contrast to
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Traditional word processors used to focus on so-called
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+: if you wanted to emphasize a word, you selected it and chose e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ — you customized the
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Modern processors, \SpecialChar LyX
+ among them, encourage the use of
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+(or
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+)
+\emph on
+markup
+\emph default
+ instead (although formal markup is still possible; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Rather than fiddling with
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+, they encourage the use of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+, who are defined with regard to their function (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+emphasize
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+), not their form (
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ There are many advantages of the semantic approach.
+ To begin with, using functional categories keeps you thinking about why
+ you are actually marking up, if your markup is consistent and systematic,
+ and whether this particular markup makes sense.
+ On a more practical level, it is easy to change the appearance if needed.
+ Consider the case when you are writing a paper and set all proper names
+ in
+\shape smallcaps
+small caps
+\shape default
+ via formal markup.
+ Now if the publisher requests to have names appear differently (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in normal font, or ALL-CAPS), you would have to change any single occurrence.
+ With a semantic markup (such as
+\noun on
+noun
+\noun default
+; see below), you'd just need to change the definition of
\family sans
Noun
\family default
+ once and for all.
+ It's a ten second change (if you know how to change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition).
+ Moreover, semantic markup even allows you to produce different versions
+ of a document, using different markup semantics.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757213
+With that in mind, we now turn to the semantic text styles that are provided
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
.
- You can activate both of these styles via key bindings, the menus, and
- the toolbar.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757220
+Builtin Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757226
+The two builtin text styles can be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596489
+You can
+\change_unchanged
+activate
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596491
+d
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596494
+both of these styles
+\change_unchanged
+via
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596436
+the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog,
+\change_unchanged
+key bindings
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596045
+, the menus
+\change_unchanged
+, and the toolbar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596051
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596318
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598183
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598323
+By default,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ is producing text in
+\shape smallcaps
+Small Caps
+\shape default
+, but the definition can be changed.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
+A more widely used
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757229
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757229
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style is the
\family sans
Emphasized
\family default
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596078
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596340
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Emphasized
\family default
style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages
- use a different font.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598370
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598370
+-
+\change_unchanged
+packages use a different font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598396
+, and you can also customize it yourself by changing the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Quotation
\emph on
-Do not overuse character styles!
+Do not overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757231
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757231
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It's also a warning in addition to an example.
One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character styles.
+ the common tendency to overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757236
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757236
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598419
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757709
+In contrast to the custom text styles, the builtin styles are represented
+ only as font changes and integrated in the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog.
+
+\change_unchanged
+You can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598525
+therefore
+\change_unchanged
+always reset to the default font using the key binding
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- or the dialog
+ or th
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598540
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598540
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dialog
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596565
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598544
+
\family default
- (
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598549
+or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598549
+(
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596575
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756578
+Custom Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757241
+Custom text styles can be provided by the document class, a module (see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Modules"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or local layout settings (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As the two builtin styles, they provide
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+ markup for specific functions.
+ For instance, \SpecialChar LyX
+ ships a
+\emph on
+Linguistics
+\emph default
+ module that provides, among other things, some custom text styles to markup
+ linguistic levels:
+\emph on
+expressions
+\emph default
+,
+\noun on
+concepts
+\noun default
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+meanings
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757806
+These styles can be found, if available, in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Styles
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757245
+For the purpose of demonstration, we have loaded in this document the optional
+ module
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ that replicates and extends the two builtin styles.
+ By example of the emphasized style, we can see the differences in look
+ and feel (although the result in the typeset output is the same): while
+ the builtin
+\emph on
+emphasized style
+\emph default
+ appears as normal font change, the custom text style
+\begin_inset Flex Emph
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599318
+Emph
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ appears as an inset, with a label below that identifies its semantics.
+ This is the way all custom text styles look and feel like.
+ For instance, the three others from the module we have loaded are:
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599387
+Code
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Flex Strong
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599390
+Strong
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Flex Noun
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599392
+Noun
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that custom text styles might (as in the example) or might not emulate
+ on screen their formal appearance.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599470
+Fine-Tuning
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599472
+Tweaking
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599462
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+with the
\family sans
-Text Style
+Text
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756524
+Style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756526
+Properties
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- dialog
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599485
+d
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599485
+D
+\change_unchanged
+ialog
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599505
+formal
+\change_unchanged
+fine-tuning; so \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595143
+create a custom
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595144
+customize
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601741
+the properties of text passages
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595163
+character style
+\change_unchanged
+.
For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
from ordinary dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595231
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757255
+If there are no custom text styles provided by the document class or a module
+ for this purpose (which is, as written above, generally the better way
+ of handling such issues), you often find yourself wanting to quickly tweak
+ the properties of the respective text passages.
+ That's where
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+ comes in as a last resort.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599696
+use custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599700
+tweak the text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, we want to issue a warning yet again: Don't overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599715
+character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599716
+that
+\change_unchanged
+!
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
+To
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599736
+use custom character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599739
+tweak text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, open the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog or press the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
.
- There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property that you can choose.
+ There are several
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599782
+combo
+\change_unchanged
+boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599798
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599796
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ property that you can choose.
You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
\family sans
No
\family default
, which keeps the current state of that property.
The item
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677079
+
\family sans
-Reset
+R
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677076
+Default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677077
+eset
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
will reset the property to whatever is the default.
You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+The
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599868
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599869
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ properties, and their options (in addition to
\family sans
No
\begin_inset space ~
change
\family default
and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677094
+
\family sans
Reset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677096
+Default
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) are:
\end_layout
\family sans
)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607448
-\family sans
-Series
-\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-Medium
-\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
- It's also the default series.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607495
+The general differences of these families are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607451
\family sans
-Bold
+Serif
\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-bold"
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example shows the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Shape
+text without serifs
\family default
- As the name implies.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
\family sans
-Upright
+roman
\family default
- This is the Upright font shape.
- It's also the default shape.
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
\family sans
-Italic
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ is not recommended for use as a base type.
+ This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, which means every character has the same width; the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Series
+\family default
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
+
+\series default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-bold"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Shape
+\family default
+ As the name implies.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Upright
+\family default
+ This is the Upright font shape.
+ It's also the default shape.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Italic
\family default
\shape italic
This
\shape default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family sans
\shape italic
i
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family default
+i
+\change_unchanged
s the Italic font shape
\shape default
\emph on
Color
\family default
Alters the text color.
- Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Note that not all DVI
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599925
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599925
+-
+\change_unchanged
+viewers are able to display colors.
Besides
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599934
+
\family sans
+(Without)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599939
No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
color
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
, which means that the document default color set in
\family sans
text
\family default
- is used, you can choose between
+ is used, you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599960
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599960
+select
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599974
+between
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
Black
\family default
\family default
This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600006
+in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea
+\change_unchanged
+in blue to indicate the change
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600002
(only within \SpecialChar LyX
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677618
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you do not want text passages to be spellchecked, activate
+\family sans
+Exclude from Spellchecking
+\family default
+.
+ Passages marked like this will still be hyphenated correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
Size
\family default
Alters the size of the font.
- You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually
- proportional to the document font size.
+ You
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600033
+will
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600034
+won't
+\change_unchanged
+ find
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600037
+no
+\change_unchanged
+numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportional to the
+ document font size.
Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
the details, but a general description of what
you want to do.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600062
+
\family sans
Misc
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600065
+Underlining
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
+ Here you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600102
+change a few other things at the character level
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600112
+have text passages being underlined
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600240
+Avoid using underlining if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter
+ days, when you could not change fonts.
+ One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ This is only possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Options are:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600074
+
\family sans
Emph
\family default
That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
text.
Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600322
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600337
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use underlining.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600192
+
\family sans
Underbar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600193
+Single
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600212
+Single underlining
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600209
+Underbar
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\bar default
(key binding
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600236
+
\family default
Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,
when you could not change fonts.
may
\emph default
need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Double
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600261
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uuline on
-This is text with Double underbar on.
+This is text with Double under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600270
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600271
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uuline default
(key binding
\end_inset
)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600282
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
+ about double underbar
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Wavy
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600285
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uwave on
-This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+This is text with Wavy under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600294
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600295
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uwave default
(key binding
Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
Keep antinausea pills handy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600130
+
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600169
+
\family sans
-Strikeout
+Strikethrough
+\family default
+ lets you strike-through text passages in two ways:
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600364
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use strikethrough.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+S
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600378
+trike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600378
+ingle
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
+This is text with
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600382
+Strikeout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601925
+Single strikethrough
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\strikeout default
(key binding
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600394
+
+\family sans
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ou
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600397
+With
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600398
+t
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+
+\xout on
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601941
+/-strikethrough
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601943
+Cross out
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
+\xout default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is used to make text hardly readable.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757268
+In addition to all the formal markup described above, the dialog also provides
+ you access to the two builtin semantic text styles (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600579
+
+\family sans
+Emphasized:
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Noun
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600548
+:
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\noun on
This is text with Noun on.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600637
+
\noun default
Like
\family sans
Caps
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you have chosen a new character style via the
+So you have a huge number of combinations to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600660
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600660
+select
+\change_unchanged
+ from.
+ Once you have
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600674
+chosen a new character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600725
+applied a text property
+\change_unchanged
+ via the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
(
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
-) dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them by using the toolbar button
+) dialog, the settings are
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600733
+temporarily
+\change_unchanged
+saved.
+ You can activate the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600738
+m
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600745
+ last applied properties
+\change_unchanged
+ by using the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "textstyle-apply"
\end_inset
.
- The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
- isn't visible.
+ The button lets you apply
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600766
+your custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600778
+those
+\change_unchanged
+even when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905101
+ A press on the button will apply the most recent setting again, a press
+ on the down-arrow will open a menu with the (max.
+ 20) most recently applied settings, from which you can select one.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+To completely reset the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600787
+character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600823
+text properties of a selection
+\change_unchanged
+ to the default, use
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917704
+ either
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545917700
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917733
+ or select
+\family sans
+Reset to default
+\family default
+ from the menu of the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600803
+If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed (suppose
+ you just set the shape to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Apply
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
You should also know something about the differences between the three main
font types
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Typewriter
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Serif
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Sans serif
\family default
is not recommended for use as a base type.
This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600873
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
), no matter how many times you apply the style.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+We conclude
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607667
+this section
+\change_unchanged
+with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts! They are, more
+ often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
+ packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\emph on
em dash
\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
+, and the
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+key).
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- gives a en dash,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- a em dash.
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or using the
+\family typewriter
+unicode-insert
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
+Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
+ mode and has a length of its own.
Here are some examples:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
+A–Z; pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
+The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and Line Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (-- and ---).
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows line breaks after hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– can be prevented using protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Unwanted line breaks after dashes can be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+36–39
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang french
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang spanish
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+ the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code).
+ Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
+ or en dashes (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changes and backwards compatibility
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ retain the line-break properties of hyphens while literal dash characters
+ are regarded by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in documents from earlier versions are converted to literal dash characters
+ (except in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font); typed in consecutive hyphens are merged to dash characters immediately
+ after the input (unless the current text font is
+\family typewriter
+type
+\family default
+writer).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The behavior was changed since
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx --help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ became
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx –help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
+ An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+ This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 outputs
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default.
+ When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 or earlier and containing literal dash characters not followed by whitespace,
+ the setting
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
+\series bold
+Warning:
+\series default
+ If you used both literal and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenation
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
following the rules of the document language.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not hyphenate text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
+ as a line break possibility.
+ A line break at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being broken, you can use a protected hyphen
+ (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+) or put it into a makebox as described in section
\emph on
Prevent Hyphenation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
+Quotation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
+Typography ! Quotation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
+Quotation marks | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
+ usually sets quotation marks correctly.
+ Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
+ text, and use a closing mark at the end.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
"
\family default
- key produces using the submenu
+ key produces by using the submenu
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_inset
- dialog in the box
+ dialog and switching the
\family sans
Quote Style
\family default
-.
- There are six choices:
+ (note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
+ There are 14
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+choices:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\noindent
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in the US)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like ”this”
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Sweden)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Germany)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Poland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Switzerland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-For single quotes you have to use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "quote-insert single"
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+g., in Denmark)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
-}
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks (so-called plain or non-typographical quotation marks)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Ligatures"
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
- knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
- output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in Great Britain)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
- To break a ligature, use
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Ligature
-\begin_inset space ~
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
-Break.
\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
-cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in France)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
\end_inset
-Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LyX
- and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logos
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Proper names
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
+\end_inset
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Via
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Logos
-\family default
-, \SpecialChar LyX
- provides the following program logos with special formatting:
-\end_layout
+ quotation marks (another style common in France)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
- The name of the game.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
+ since these look identical to the inner marks.
+ The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
+ the inner marks differ).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar TeX
- The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- The \SpecialChar TeX
- macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
- The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
\end_inset
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
- world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
- converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
\end_inset
-, the previous one was
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Units
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
+\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Russia)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
\end_inset
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thin
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example to show the differences:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-h
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-h
+ quotation marks (another style common in Sweden)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-half space between number and unit
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\family sans
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Widows and orphans
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family default
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
- of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
- of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
- can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
- governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
-ly to prevent widows and orphans.
- If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-widowpenalty=10000
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
\end_inset
-\backslash
-clubpenalty=10000
-\series default
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
\end_inset
-to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of your document to avoid them.
- Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (such as
-\begin_inset space ~
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
-
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset space ~
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
-
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
\end_inset
-) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s page break mechanism.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
-
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g., in Japan)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Notes
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Notes"
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
+\family sans
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+\family default
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
\end_inset
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
- a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- via the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
\end_inset
-(xxx)
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status open
+g., in North Korea and China)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
--files.
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inner quotation marks
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
+ But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
+ case (and specifically the British style shows that
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
- set in the document settings under
-\family sans
-Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Greyed-out
-\begin_inset space ~
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-notes
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ does not necessarily mean
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+).
+ This is why we call them
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+ as opposed to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is the text
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
- In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
+ quotation marks.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- of a comment that appears in the output.
-\end_layout
-
+ for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
+scare quotes
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "quote-insert inner"
\end_inset
+ and via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
+ That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
+ it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
+ This allows you to enter marks of different style.
+ If you check the setting
+\family sans
+Use dynamic quotation marks
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+, however, special quotation marks will be inserted (in the LyX window,
+ they appear in a special color).
+ These marks will automatically adapt to the main style (and its changes).
+ Such quotation marks make it easy to alter the quotation mark style in
+ one step (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+g., if your publisher requests a different style).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-insert"
+Individual quotation marks (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Note
-\family default
-.
- Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
+ easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
+ mark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Footnotes
+Typography ! Ligatures
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Footnotes"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Footnote
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
-,
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you will see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- a box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/footnote.png
- scale 80
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your footnote.
- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
- and click on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-button
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Ligatures"
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
+.
+ Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
+ output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
- according to the document class.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
- schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
-\family default
-ey are described in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Marginal notes
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
+ To break a ligature, use
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Marginal
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Ligature
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Note
+Break.
+
\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "marginalnote-insert"
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-, you will see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with the
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-margin
+cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+links
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your margin
-\family default
-\series default
-al
-\family roman
-\series medium
-note.
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
-\family roman
-\series medium
+Dorffest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Logos
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align left
-This is a marginal note.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Proper names
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
- pages, right on odd pages.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For further information about marginal notes see the section
-\emph on
-Margin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Logos
+\family default
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the following program logos with special formatting:
+\end_layout
-Notes
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ The name of the game.
+\end_layout
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
+ The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Graphics
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
+ It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
+ converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
\end_inset
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.14159
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
- you want and click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- or select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Units
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- tab allows you to choose your image file.
- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
- of the image in the output.
- The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
-
-\family sans
-Get
-\begin_inset space ~
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-from
-\begin_inset space ~
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-file
-\family default
-.
- The option
+ for units use the menu
\family sans
-Clip
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
\end_inset
-bounding
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+).
+\end_layout
-box
-\family default
- will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
- the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example to show the differences:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-and
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-LyX options
-\family default
- tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
- experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
- options.
- In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Draft
-\begin_inset space ~
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-mode
-\family default
- has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
- with the image size is printed.
+h
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
- Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
- in the text.
- This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+space between number and unit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- scale 70
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+h
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Image Formats
+Widows and Orphans
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Formats
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Image-Formats"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
+ of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
+ of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
+ly to prevent widows and orphans.
+ If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+\backslash
+widowpenalty=10000
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\backslash
+clubpenalty=10000
+\series default
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- therefore uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ImageMagick
-\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
- use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of your document to avoid them.
+ Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (such as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
+ or
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
- They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
- Well-known bitmap image formats are
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Graphics Interchange Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s page break mechanism.
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.gif
-\family default
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-GIF|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Notes"
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PNG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
+ a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(xxx)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-files.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
+ set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Greyed-out
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+notes
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-JPG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+This is the text
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+ of a comment that appears in the output.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Scalable
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
- data loss.
- The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
- presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
- Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Scalable image formats can be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Scalable Vector Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+\end_layout
- (SVG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.svg
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note
\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-SVG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+Footnotes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you will see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ a box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnote.png
+ scale 95
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.eps
-\family default
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-EPS|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
+ and click on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
+ according to the document class.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
+ schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
+\end_layout
- (PDF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
.
- We say
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-can be
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
-, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF or EPS and the
- result will not be scalable.
- In this case only a header with the image properties is added to the original
- image.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
-\end_layout
-
+, you will see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with the
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+margin
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only
-\emph on
-vice versa
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
+At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Grouping of Image Settings
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Settings grouping
+\align left
+This is a marginal note.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
- group.
- Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
- of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
- the same way.
- So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
- need to manually change each of them.
-
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A new group can be set by pressing the button
-\family sans
-Open
+For further information about marginal notes see the section
+\emph on
+Margin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-new
+Notes
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-group
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
- Graphics
-\family default
- dialog in the
-\family sans
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-LyX options
-\family default
- tab.
- Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
- and checking the name of the desired group.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Tables
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables
+Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Tables"
+name "sec:Graphics"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "tabular-insert"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
- or the menu
+ or select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
+Graphics
\family default
-.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
- The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
- from the rest of the table.
- This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
- have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
- them.
- Here is an example table:
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\end_layout
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\end_layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+LyX options
+\family default
+ tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ options.
+ In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/2D-intensity-plot.pdf
+ scale 70
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\size normal
-\noun off
-\color none
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
+Images ! Formats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Image-Formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ therefore uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ImageMagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Dialog
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button and
- then choosing
-\family sans
-More\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
.
- This brings up the table dialog.
- Here you can adjust the settings of the cell, row and/or column where the
- cursor is placed currently.
- Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
- This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
- done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In addition to the table dialog, the
-\family sans
-table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-toolbar
-\family default
- helps you in setting table properties.
- It appears if the cursor is inside a table.
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Table
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Settings
-\family default
- of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
- If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
- current cell respectively.
- The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
- is given.
- A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
- of text, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Graphics Interchange Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Table-Cells"
-
+ (GIF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
- using the check box
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Multirow
+\family typewriter
+.gif
\family default
-.
- This will merge the cells to
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- cell, spread over more than one column/row.
- Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
- and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
- Here is an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
- in the last row without the upper border:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
-<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-abc
+GIF|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-def ghi
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-jkl
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-B
+PNG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-C
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-D
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
-\end_layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
-\end_layout
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
-\end_layout
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-4
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Adept users can declare special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--arguments for the table.
- They are necessary for special table formatting, such as the multirow cells,
- explained in the chapter
-\emph on
-Tables
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table.
- These rotations are not visible in \SpecialChar LyX
- but are visible in the output.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- Most DVI-viewers are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- able to display rotations.
-\end_layout
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Borders
-\family default
- tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
- The button
-\family sans
-Default
+\family typewriter
+.svg
\family default
- adds lines for all cell borders.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Multi-page Tables
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Multi-page
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Multi-page tables
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-multi-page
-\begin_inset space ~
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-table
-\family default
- in the tab
-\family sans
-Multi-page
-\begin_inset space ~
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-table
-\family default
- of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
- Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
-\end_layout
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-\family sans
-Header
+\family typewriter
+.eps
\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.
- Except for the first page, if
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-header
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-Footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable,
- except for the last page, if
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-footer
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Last
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
- You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Caption
-\family default
-.
- More about multi-page table captions can be found in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also specify a row where the table is split.
- If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
- that then only the first option is used; the others will be defined as
-
-\emph on
-empty
-\emph default
-.
- In this context, first means first in this order:
-\family sans
-Footer, Last
-\begin_inset space ~
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-footer,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Header,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-First
-\begin_inset space ~
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-header
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
\family default
-; see the following longtable to see how it works:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Example Phone List (ignore the names)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+.
+ We say
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+can be
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF or EPS and the
+ result will not be scalable.
+ In this case only a header with the image properties is added to the original
+ image.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-NAME
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally one cannot convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only
+\emph on
+vice versa
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping of Image Settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images ! Settings grouping
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-TEL.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Each image can define a new group of image settings or join an existing
+ group.
+ Images within such a group share their settings, so adjusting one image
+ of the group automatically also adjusts all other images of the group in
+ the same way.
+ So you can for example change the size for a bunch of images without the
+ need to manually change each of them.
-\series bold
-Example Phone List
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A new group can be set by pressing the button
+\family sans
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+new
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+group
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+ Graphics
+\family default
+ dialog in the
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+LyX options
+\family default
+ tab.
+ Joining an existing group can be done using the context menu of the image
+ and checking the name of the desired group.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Tables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-NAME
+Tables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Tables"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-TEL.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row endfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-continue ...
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288358
+, and you can select a specific (border) style
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
+ from the rest of the table.
+ This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
+ have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
+ them.
+ Here is an example table:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Annovi
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Silvia
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Stefano
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Bozzi
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Walter
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cachia
+\size normal
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maria
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cachia
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giusi
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288479
-\series bold
-Colin
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288540
+This corresponds to the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bernard
+Grid with Head
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ table style listed in the style selection.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288387
+Other available styles include:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288551
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+simple grid
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Concli
+ which looks line the above table, but without the first row being separated
+ via double line,
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gianfranco
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288764
+a border-less table with no lines at all,
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554289543
+and a so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+formal table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as often used in professional publishing with horizontal lines only and
+ bold top/bottom lines (see
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual, section
+\emph on
+Formal Tables
+\emph default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288823
+The default style used in the dialog as well as the style used by the toolbar
+ button can be changed in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Layout
+\family default
+.
+ So if the default style above is not the one you need, you should alter
+ this setting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table Dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button and
+ then choosing
+\family sans
+More\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+ This brings up the table dialog.
+ Here you can adjust the settings of the cell, row and/or column where the
+ cursor is placed currently.
+ Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
+ This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
+ done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In addition to the table dialog, the
+\family sans
+table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+ helps you in setting table properties.
+ It appears if the cursor is inside a table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
+ If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
+ current cell respectively.
+ The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
+ is given.
+ A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
+ of text, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Table-Cells"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can mark multiple cells of one row/column as a multicolumn/row cell
+ using the check box
+\family sans
+Multicolumn
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Multirow
+\family default
+.
+ This will merge the cells to
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ cell, spread over more than one column/row.
+ Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
+ and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
+ Here is an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
+ in the last row without the upper border:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+abc
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-Dal Bosco
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+def ghi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Carolina
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+jkl
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Dalpiaz
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Annamaria
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-Feliciello
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Domenico
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Adept users can declare special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-arguments for the table.
+ They are necessary for special table formatting, such as the multirow cells,
+ explained in the chapter
+\emph on
+Tables
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table.
+ These rotations are not visible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ but are visible in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Focarelli
+Note:
+\series default
+ Most DVI-viewers are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ able to display rotations.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Borders
+\family default
+ tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
+ The button
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ adds lines for all cell borders.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Multi-page Tables
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Tables ! Multi-page
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+Multi-page tables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+multi-page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
+\family default
+ in the tab
+\family sans
+Multi-page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
+\family default
+ of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
+ Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.
+ Except for the first page, if
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable,
+ except for the last page, if
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Caption: The first row is reset as a single column.
+ You can now insert there the table caption via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Caption
+\family default
+.
+ More about multi-page table captions can be found in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify a row where the table is split.
+ If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
+ that then only the first option is used; the others will be defined as
+
+\emph on
+empty
+\emph default
+.
+ In this context, first means first in this order:
+\family sans
+Footer, Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Header,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+; see the following longtable to see how it works:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Galletti
+Example Phone List (ignore the names)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oreste
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Gasparini
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franca
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
\series bold
-Rizzardi
+Example Phone List
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Lassini
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giancarlo
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
\series bold
-Malfatti
+continue ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Luciano
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Malfatti
+Annovi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Valeriano
+Silvia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Meneguzzo
+Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+Stefano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Mezzadra
+Bozzi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+Walter
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pirpamer
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Erich
+Maria
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pochiesa
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paolo
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-111, 222
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Radina
+Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Claudio
+Giusi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Stuffer
+Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oskar
+Bernard
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tacchelli
+Concli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ugo
+Gianfranco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tezzele
+Dal Bosco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Margit
+Carolina
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Unterkalmsteiner
+Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Frieda
+Annamaria
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vieider
+Feliciello
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hilde
+Domenico
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vigna
+Focarelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Jürgen
+Paola
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Weber
+Galletti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
+Oreste
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Winkler
+Gasparini
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franz
+Franca
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+
+\series bold
+Rizzardi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Paola
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Annovi
+Lassini
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Silvia
+Giancarlo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Bertoli
+Malfatti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Stefano
+Luciano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Bozzi
+Malfatti
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Walter
+Valeriano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cachia
+Meneguzzo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maria
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cachia
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Cinquemani
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giusi
+Erich
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Colin
+Pochiesa
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bernard
+Paolo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111, 222
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Concli
+Radina
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Gianfranco
+Claudio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Dal Bosco
+Stuffer
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Carolina
+Oskar
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Dalpiaz
+Tacchelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Annamaria
+Ugo
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Feliciello
+Tezzele
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Domenico
+Margit
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Focarelli
+Unterkalmsteiner
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Frieda
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Galletti
+Vieider
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oreste
+Hilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Gasparini
+Vigna
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franca
+Jürgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Rizzardi
+Weber
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paola
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Lassini
+Winkler
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Giancarlo
+Franz
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Malfatti
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Luciano
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Malfatti
+Annovi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Valeriano
+Silvia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Meneguzzo
+Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+Stefano
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Mezzadra
+Bozzi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Roberto
+Walter
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pirpamer
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Erich
+Maria
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pochiesa
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Paolo
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-555, 222
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Radina
+Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Claudio
+Giusi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Stuffer
+Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Oskar
+Bernard
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tacchelli
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ugo
+Gianfranco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tezzele
+Dal Bosco
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-Unterkalmsteiner
+Dalpiaz
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Weber
+Galletti
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Maurizio
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-Winkler
+Gasparini
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Franz
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</cell>
</row>
-<row endlastfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-End
+Rizzardi
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\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+Paola
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\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+555
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\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Lassini
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Cells
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Cells
+Giancarlo
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
- All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
- Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
- But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
-\family sans
-Section*
-\family default
-, etc.), nor set spacing options for the cell's paragraph.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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- for the column in the table dialog.
- Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
- is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
- An example:
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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+\series bold
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\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-2
+Valeriano
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\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
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-3
+555
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\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
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+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
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-5
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-6
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is longer now.
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
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-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
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+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-8
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
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-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
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-\color none
-This is a multi-line entry in a table.
- This is longer now.
+Erich
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-9
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Pochiesa
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paolo
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555, 222
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
- You can even cut and paste more than one row.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Note that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would not
- be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
-
+
+\series bold
+Radina
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- Selection with the mouse or with
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- plus the arrow keys works as usual.
- You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
- the selection from outside the table.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Claudio
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Floats
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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+\series bold
+Stuffer
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
- have a fixed location.
- It can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
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-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
+\end_layout
- forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
-
-\family sans
-Footnotes
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Margin
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Notes
-\family default
- are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
- too many notes on the current page.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
- Images and tables can be distributed evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
- and pages without text.
- As the floating often destroys the spatial context between the text and
- the image/table, every float can be referenced in the text.
- Floats are therefore numbered.
- Referencing is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\series bold
+Tezzele
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
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-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert a float, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float
-\family default
-.
- A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.
- The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
- the output.
- After the label you can insert the caption text.
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Captions
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
- paragraph within the float.
- To keep your \SpecialChar LyX
--document readable, you can open and close the float box by
- left-clicking on the box label.
- A closed float box looks like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/float.png
- scale 80
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- – a gray button with a red label.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frieda
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should insert floats in a separate paragraph to avoid possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors
- that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
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-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\series bold
+Vieider
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Figure floats
+Hilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+\series bold
+Vigna
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
- was created using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Figure
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "float-insert figure"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and
- using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor
- to the left or right of the image and using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout-paragraph"
-\end_inset
-
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 50
- width 50col%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Jürgen
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus-distorted"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+999
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Weber
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
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-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
-\end_inset
-
-) and refer to it using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- It is important to use cross-references to figure floats rather than using
- vague references like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-the figure above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, because, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
- will reposition the floats in the final document, it might
- not be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at all.
- For more about cross-references, see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
- might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
- This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
- Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
- as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
- You can also set the images one below the other.
- Figure
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Undefinable"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- are the subfigures.
+\series bold
+Winkler
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Undefinable"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Undefinable
+Franz
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- width 45col%
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endlastfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
-
-\end_inset
-Platypus
+\series bold
+End
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 60
- width 45col%
-
-\end_inset
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
-Two distorted images.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Floats
+Table Cells
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Table floats
+Tables ! Cells
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table floats can be inserted using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "float-insert table"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Table-Cells"
-.
- They have the same properties as figure floats except that the table in
- the float is normally placed below the caption and not above like for figures
- and that the label begins with “tab:”.
- Table
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is a table float.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Table-float"
-
-\end_inset
-
-A table float.
+A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
+ All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
+ Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
+ But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
+\family sans
+Section*
+\family default
+, etc.), nor set spacing options for the cell's paragraph.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
+ for the column in the table dialog.
+ Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
+ is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
+ An example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Joe
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Mary
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Ted
+5
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+6
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is longer now.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-a & b\\
-c & d
-\end{array}\right]$
+7
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+8
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+This is a multi-line entry in a table.
+ This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+9
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-More Information
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
+ You can even cut and paste more than one row.
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Floats ! Details
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Note that you cannot paste into a multicell selection because it would not
+ be clear what to do when pasting a single word in a selected 2×3.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
- It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
- float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
- caption.
- All these features are explained in detail with many examples in the chapter
-
-\emph on
-Floats
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+ Selection with the mouse or with
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ plus the arrow keys works as usual.
+ You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
+ the selection from outside the table.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Minipages
+Floats
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Minipages
+Floats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Floats"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides a mechanism essentially to produce a page within a page, called
- a minipage.
- Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-apply.
-
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Minipages in \SpecialChar LyX
- have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
+A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
+ have a fixed location.
+ It can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
+
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Box
+Footnotes
\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\family default
+ are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
+ too many notes on the current page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Floats make it possible to get a high quality layout.
+ Images and tables can be distributed evenly over the pages to avoid whitespace
+ and pages without text.
+ As the floating often destroys the spatial context between the text and
+ the image/table, every float can be referenced in the text.
+ Floats are therefore numbered.
+ Referencing is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- Right-clicking on the box label allows you to alter the width of the minipage
- and its alignment within the page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "30col%"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
+To insert a float, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float
+\family default
+.
+ A box with a caption will be inserted into your document.
+ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
+ the output.
+ After the label you can insert the caption text.
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\shape italic
-This is a minipage.
- The text is set in an italic style.
+Floats ! Captions
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-\shape italic
-Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
- another formatting.
+ The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
+ paragraph within the float.
+ To keep your \SpecialChar LyX
+-document readable, you can open and close the float box by
+ left-clicking on the box label.
+ A closed float box looks like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/float.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+ – a gray button with a red label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should insert floats in a separate paragraph to avoid possible \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors
+ that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Figure Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Figure floats
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\family default
- as described in section
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Figure
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+reference "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+ was created using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Figure
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert figure"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The image was inserted by setting the cursor above the caption label and
+ using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The image in the float was horizontally centered by putting the cursor
+ to the left or right of the image and using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Settings
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
+\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
-\end_layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 50col%
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:A-star-in"
+
\end_inset
+A star in a float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-use_makebox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-thickness "0.4pt"
-separation "3pt"
-shadowsize "4pt"
-framecolor "black"
-backgroundcolor "none"
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+This figure float also shows how to set a label and create a cross-reference
+ to it: Insert a label into the caption using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+) and refer to it using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ It is important to use cross-references to figure floats rather than using
+ vague references like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+the figure above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, because, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ will reposition the floats in the final document, it might
+ not be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ at all.
+ For more about cross-references, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you right-click on a minipage box, you can transform the box to another
- box type.
- All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
-\emph on
-Boxes
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
+Normally only one image is inserted in a figure float, but sometimes you
+ might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
+ This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
+ Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures
+ as described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Mathematical Formulas
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formulas | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
+ You can also set the images one below the other.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-{
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Star"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are the subfigures.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-Math
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Undefinable
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/3D-structure-distort.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Basic Math Editing
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Basics
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Star"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Star
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-mode on"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
-).
- That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
- corners.
- That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
- what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
- You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- menu.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
- with the
-\family sans
-math
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-toolbar
-\family default
-, that appears if the cursor is in a formula.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two main types of formulas, inline formulas and display formulas.
- Inline formulas appear within a text line, like this one:
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with an inline formula
-\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Two-images"
+
\end_inset
- in it.
+Two images.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in a separate
- paragraph, like this one:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-A=B
-\]
-
\end_inset
-You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- also supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
- math commands.
- For example, typing
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-alpha
-\series default
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table Floats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Table floats
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table floats can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "float-insert table"
\end_inset
.
- Typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
-\family sans
-Math
+ They have the same properties as figure floats except that the table in
+ the float is normally placed below the caption and not above like for figures
+ and that the label begins with “tab:”.
+ Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Joe
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Mary
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ted
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+a & b\\
+c & d
+\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+More Information
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Details
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you further float types as well as rotated floats.
+ It also allows you to change the float numbering scheme, to control the
+ float placement and to change the formatting and placement of the float
+ caption.
+ All these features are explained in detail with many examples in the chapter
+
+\emph on
+Floats
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Minipages
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Minipages
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides a mechanism essentially to produce a page within a page, called
+ a minipage.
+ Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+apply.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Minipages in \SpecialChar LyX
+ have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Box
\family default
.
+ Right-clicking on the box label allows you to alter the width of the minipage
+ and its alignment within the page.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Navigating in Formulas
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "30col%"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+This is a minipage.
+ The text is set in an italic style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
+ another formatting.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you right-click on a minipage box, you can transform the box to another
+ box type.
+ All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Mathematical Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Navigating
+Formulas | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Math Editing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Basics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode on"
+\end_inset
+
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-mode"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
+ corners.
+ That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
+ what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
+ You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
+ with the
+\family sans
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears if the cursor is in a formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two main types of formulas, inline formulas and display formulas.
+ Inline formulas appear within a text line, like this one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with an inline formula
+\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
+\end_inset
+
+ in it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Displayed formulas appear outside the text like if they were in a separate
+ paragraph, like this one:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=B
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ math commands.
+ For example, typing
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alpha
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Navigating in Formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Navigating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
+ achieved with the arrow keys.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
+ The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ will leave a formula construct (a square root
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, or parentheses
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+, or a matrix
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4
+\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Escape
+\family default
+ will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
+
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
+ cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+, printed in this document as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
+ characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
+ For this reason, you have to be careful about using
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+2x+1
+\series default
+ and not
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+2x
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
++1
+\series default
+, since in the latter case only the
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Formula $2x$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ will be under the square root sign:
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
+ in, such as:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+\lambda_{1}\\
+ & \ddots\\
+ & & \lambda_{n}
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
+ in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Selecting Text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
+ Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ and a cursor movement key to select text.
+ It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
+ Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
+ That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
+ but not in a normal text region in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Exponents and Subscripts
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Exponents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Subscripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-superscript"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-subscript"
+\end_inset
+
+), but it is often much easier to use a command.
+ To get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type in a formula
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+ The final
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
+ If you type
+\series bold
+x^2y
+\series default
+, you will get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
+\end_inset
+
+, to get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\series default
+.
+ If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
+ circumflex
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+^
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, you have to use an extra
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ to separate the circumflex and the character.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+.
+ Subscripts are similar: To get
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+a_1
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fractions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Fractions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Create a fraction either with the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac
+\series default
+ or by using the icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac"
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+ You will be presented with an empty fraction.
+ The cursor is above the fraction line.
+ To move it to the bottom, simply press
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+.
+ To move back up, press
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+.
+ Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
+2 & 3\\
+4 & 5
+\end{array}\right)}\right]
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Roots
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Roots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Roots can be created using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ buttons
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\root"
+\end_inset
+
+ or the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+.
+ With the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+ you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ always produces a square root.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Operators with Limits
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Sums
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Integrals
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sum (
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\end_inset
+
+) and integral (
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\end_inset
+
+) operators are very often decorated with limits.
+ These limits can be entered in \SpecialChar LyX
+ by entering them as you would enter a super-
+ or subscript, directly after the symbol.
+ The sum operator will automatically place its
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline
+ formulas, as in
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+\end_inset
+
+, versus
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula
+ types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
+ display mode.
+ The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
+ behind the operator and using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Limits
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Type
+\family default
+ or entering
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-limits"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Certain other mathematical expressions also have this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+moving limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ feature, such as
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Limits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+which will place the
+\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+\end_inset
+
+ underneath the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lim
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in display mode.
+ In inline formulas it looks like this:
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+lim
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation of function macros.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Symbols
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most math symbols can be found in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ under one of several categories; including
+\family sans
+Greek
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Operators
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Relations
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Arrows
+\family default
+.
+ There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
+ Society (AMS).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you know the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use, you
+ don't have to use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+; you can type the command directly into the formula.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Altering Spacing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides.
+ To do this, press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
+\end_inset
+
+ or use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
+ For example, the sequence
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\,b$
+\end_inset
+
+ appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
+ the space marker and enter space again several times.
+ With every space enter the size will be changed.
+ Some markers for the space size appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
+, because they are negative
+ spaces.
+ Here are two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+ and 3×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a Ctrl+Space b
+\series default
+ and 5×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\!b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Functions
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Functions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ contains under the button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
+\end_inset
+
+ a number of function macros, such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\emph on
+etc
+\emph default
+.
+ (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sin
+\series default
+ etc.).
+ Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to
+ avoid confusions, because
+\begin_inset Formula $sin$
+\end_inset
+
+ does normally mean
+\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
+\end_inset
+
+ is different from
+\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts
+ are placed, as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Accents
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Accents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
+ mode.
+ This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
+ You can also use \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands, for example, to enter
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+ even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.
+ Our example is entered by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+E
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+xample
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+circumflex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+umlaut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ddot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+caron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+check
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+macron
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+\backslash
+bar
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
- achieved with the arrow keys.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
- The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- will leave a formula construct (a square root
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, or parentheses
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-, or a matrix
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4
-\end{array}\right]$
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
\end_inset
-).
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Escape
-\family default
- will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
- cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-, printed in this document as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vector
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
- characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
- For this reason, you have to be careful about using
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-, type
\series bold
\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+vec
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-2x+1
-\series default
- and not
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
\end_inset
-2x
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-+1
-\series default
-, since in the latter case only the
-\family typewriter
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $2x$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-
-\family default
- will be under the square root sign:
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
- in, such as:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-\lambda_{1}\\
- & \ddots\\
- & & \lambda_{n}
-\end{array}\right)
-\]
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
- in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Selecting Text
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
- Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
+You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
\family sans
-Shift
+Frame
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+decorations
\family default
- and a cursor movement key to select text.
- It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
- Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
- That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
- but not in a normal text region in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
+ symbol set button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
+\end_inset
+
+ in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within
+ a formula too.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Exponents and Subscripts
+\begin_layout Section
+Brackets and Delimiters
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Exponents
+Math ! Brackets
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Subscripts
+Math ! Delimiters
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts (buttons
+There are several brackets available through \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ For some purposes, using just the keys
+\family typewriter
+[]{}()|<>
+\family default
+ should suffice.
+ But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
+ or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math
+ toolbar delimiter icon
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "math-superscript"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-subscript"
-\end_inset
+.
+ For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4
+\end{array}\right]
+\]
-), but it is often much easier to use a command.
- To get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
\end_inset
-, type in a formula
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.
+ Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
-
-\series default
-.
- The final
-\family sans
-Space
+ and the expression on the right was entered using the
+\family typewriter
+()
\family default
- puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
- If you type
-\series bold
-x^2y
-\series default
-, you will get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
-\end_inset
+ keys.
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}
+\]
-, to get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
\end_inset
-, type
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-y
-\series default
-.
- If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
- circumflex
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-^
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from
+ that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is
+ inside.
+\end_layout
-, you have to use an extra
+\begin_layout Standard
+To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
+ left side and right side.
+ If you use the option
\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- to separate the circumflex and the character.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-x^
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+Keep
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-a
-\series default
+matched
+\family default
+, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
+ The selection will be shown as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ If you want one side not to have a bracket, use
+\family sans
+(none)
+\family default
.
- Subscripts are similar: To get
-\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
-\end_inset
+ It will appear in \SpecialChar LyX
+ with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
+\end_layout
-, type
-\series bold
-a_1
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to place brackets around existing math structures, like a square
+ root, you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that
+ is to go inside the brackets.
+ Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+.
+ The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and
+ braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.
+ For example, to insert a pair of parentheses, select the structure and
+ enter
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-delim ( )"
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fractions
+\begin_layout Section
+Arrays and Multi-line Equations
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Fractions
+Math ! Arrays
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Create a fraction either with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-frac
-\series default
- or by using the icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\frac"
-\end_inset
-
- in the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-Panel
-\family default
-.
- You will be presented with an empty fraction.
- The cursor is above the fraction line.
- To move it to the bottom, simply press
-\family sans
-Down
-\family default
-.
- To move back up, press
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
-.
- Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-2 & 3\\
-4 & 5
-\end{array}\right)}\right]
-\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Matrices
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Roots
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Roots
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Roots can be created using the
+Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
+ using the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
Panel
\family default
- buttons
+ matrix button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\root"
+.
+ It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 2 & 3\\
+4 & 5 & 6\\
+7 & 8 & 9
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
+
\end_inset
- or the commands
-\series bold
+The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
-.
- With the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
- you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- always produces a square root.
-\end_layout
+.
+ When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
+ will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
+ This alignment is set in the box
+\family sans
+Horizontal
+\family default
+ with the letters
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Operators with Limits
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Sums
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+l
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Integrals
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+r
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ proposes a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sum (
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
-) and integral (
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) operators are very often decorated with limits.
- These limits can be entered in \SpecialChar LyX
- by entering them as you would enter a super-
- or subscript, directly after the symbol.
- The sum operator will automatically place its
+ for every column as default.
+ For example, the sequence
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and to the side in inline
- formulas, as in
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+\family sans
+lcr
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, versus
+ means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
+ centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
+ corresponds to the relevant column.
+ The result will look like this:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\begin{array}{lcr}
+this & this\,column & this\,column\\
+column & has & has\,right\\
+has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
+\end{array}.
\]
\end_inset
-Integral signs, however, will place the limits to the side in both formula
- types.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
- display mode.
- The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
- behind the operator and using the menu
+You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ while the cursor is in the matrix.
+ Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Change
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Math
+\family default
+ or the math toolbar.
+\end_layout
-Limits
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
+ It can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cases
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Type
+Environment
\family default
- or entering
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-limits"
-\end_inset
+ or the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+cases
+\series default
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Certain other mathematical expressions also have this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+-1 & x<0\\
+0 & x=0\\
+1 & x>0
+\end{cases}
+\]
-moving limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- feature, such as
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Limits
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),
-\]
-
+Multi-line formulas are created when you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
-which will place the
-\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+ within a formula.
+ In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
+ column.
+ When you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
- underneath the
+ in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-lim
+=
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in display mode.
- In inline formulas it looks like this:
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+ etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
+ is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
+ A new row is created by every further entry of
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
.
+ Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
+a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
+ in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-lim
+The multi-line formula type described here is called
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+eqnarray
+\family default
\series default
.
- Have a look at section
+ There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
+ for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:asquared"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The other types are described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Functions"
+reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
\end_inset
- for an explanation of function macros.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Symbols
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering and Referencing
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Symbols
+Math ! Formula numbering
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Referencing formulas
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most math symbols can be found in the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
-\family default
- under one of several categories; including
-\family sans
-Greek
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Operators
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Relations
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Arrows
-\family default
-.
- There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
- Society (AMS).
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you know the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--command for a construct or symbol you wish to use, you
- don't have to use the
+To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
\family sans
-Math
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
-\family default
-; you can type the command directly into the formula.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
-\end_layout
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Altering Spacing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+Formula
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Spaces
-\end_layout
+.
+ The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ within parentheses.
+ The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
+ The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
+ the document class.
+ In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
+ separated by a dot:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+1+1=2
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
+Using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+ in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
+ You can only number displayed formulas.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You may want to create spaces that differ from the standard spacing that
- \SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides.
- To do this, press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
+Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or use the
-\family sans
-Math
+This
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
+Line
\family default
- button
+ or the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\space"
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-line-toggle"
\end_inset
-.
- This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
- For example, the sequence
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\,b$
-\end_inset
+ will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+1 & = & 3-2\\
+2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
+4 & \leq & 7
+\end{eqnarray}
- appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- as
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
+\end_inset
+To number all lines use the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
\end_inset
.
- You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
- the space marker and enter space again several times.
- With every space enter the size will be changed.
- Some markers for the space size appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
-, because they are negative
- spaces.
- Here are two examples:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
- and 3×
+Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
+ A label is inserted with the menu
\family sans
-Space
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
+) when the cursor is in the formula.
+ This opens a dialog to enter the label.
+ It is recommended that you use the suggested
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-a Ctrl+Space b
-\series default
- and 5×
\family sans
-Space
+eq:
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\!b$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Functions
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Functions
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
+ label type when you have many labels in your document.
+ We inserted in the following example the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Functions"
-
+eq:tanhExp
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ in the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
+ & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
+\end{eqnarray}
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
+Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
+ Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
+ You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
\family sans
-Math
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
+Reference
\family default
- contains under the button
+ (toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\functions"
-\end_inset
-
- a number of function macros, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\emph on
-etc
-\emph default
-.
- (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sin
-\series default
- etc.).
- Standard mathematical practice is that functions are printed upright to
- avoid confusions, because
-\begin_inset Formula $sin$
-\end_inset
-
- does normally mean
-\begin_inset Formula $s\cdot i\cdot n$
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
-.
+).
+ A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
+ The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
+ as the formula number:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
-
-\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
-\end_inset
+This is a cross-reference to equation (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
- is different from
-\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
\end_inset
-.
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For some mathematical objects, like limits, the macro changes where subscripts
- are placed, as described in section
+The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s cross-reference box are described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Operators-with-Limits"
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
\end_inset
+.
+ To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
+ press
+\family sans
+Del
+\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents
+\begin_layout Section
+User defined math macros
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Accents
+Math ! Macros
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
- mode.
- This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
- You can also use \SpecialChar LaTeX
- commands, for example, to enter
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
+ have equations of the same form in a document several times.
+ Math macros are explained in section
+\emph on
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Macros
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Typefaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Typefaces
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- even if your keyboard doesn't have the circumflex enabled.
- Our example is entered by typing
-\series bold
-\backslash
-hat
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
+ To set a font in a formula, use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
-a
-\series default
- in a formula.
- Table
+, or enter its command, listed in table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Accent-names-and"
+reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
\end_inset
- shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
+, directly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Accent-names-and"
+name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
\end_inset
-Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Name
+Font
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-E
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-xample
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-circumflex
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-hat
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
-\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-grave
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-grave
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+mathrm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-acute
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-acute
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-umlaut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-ddot
+mathbf
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-tilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-tilde
+mathit
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
-\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-dot
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-dot
+mathtt
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-breve
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-breve
+mathbb
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-caron
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-check
+mathfrak
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
-\emph off
+\emph on
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-macron
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-bar
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+mathcal
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-vector
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-\backslash
-vec
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
+\backslash
+mathsf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
-\family sans
-Frame
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-decorations
-\family default
- symbol set button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\hat"
-\end_inset
-
- in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have made within
- a formula too.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Brackets
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Delimiters
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
+\family sans
+Blackboard
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Calligraphic
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are several brackets available through \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- For some purposes, using just the keys
-\family typewriter
-[]{}()|<>
-\family default
- should suffice.
- But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
- or if you have several layers of brackets, it is better to use the math
- toolbar delimiter icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- For example, if you construct the brackets around a matrix in this way:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4
-\end{array}\right]
-\]
-
+When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
+ Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
+ space when you need a space in the box.
+ Here is an example where
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-it makes it easier to see the layers of parentheses.
- Below, the expression on the left was entered using the delimiter icon
-
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
+N
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and the expression on the right was entered using the
-\family typewriter
-()
+ in
+\family sans
+Blackboard
\family default
- keys.
-
+ denotes the set of numbers:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\qquad\qquad\frac{1}{(1+(\frac{1}{1+(\frac{1}{1+x})}))}
+f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you use the delimiter icon, the parentheses, and other brackets from
- that menu will automatically re-size to accommodate the size of what is
- inside.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
- left side and right side.
- If you use the option
+The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
+ You can, for example, put a character in
\family sans
-Keep
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-matched
+Fraktur
\family default
-, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
- The selection will be shown as \SpecialChar TeX
- code.
- If you want one side not to have a bracket, use
+ in a box for
\family sans
-(none)
+Typewriter
\family default
-.
- It will appear in \SpecialChar LyX
- with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+So it is better not to use this feature.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to place brackets around existing math structures, like a square
- root, you can do so by first highlighting (selecting) the structure that
- is to go inside the brackets.
- Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
-.
- The most common bracket combinations (parentheses, square brackets, and
- braces, on both sides) can be entered more quickly using keyboard shortcuts.
- For example, to insert a pair of parentheses, select the structure and
- enter
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-delim ( )"
+The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Arrays and Multi-line Equations
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Arrays
-\end_layout
+You can only print them emboldened using the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+, which works like the other typeface commands:
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Matrices
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+ works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Style
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Text
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
+Math ! Text
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
- using the
+Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
+ not for text.
+ For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
+ the entry
+\family sans
+Normal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ of the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
Panel
\family default
- matrix button
+ button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
.
- It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ in black instead of blue.
+ You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
Here is an example:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 2 & 3\\
-4 & 5 & 6\\
-7 & 8 & 9
-\end{array}\right)
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
+-x & \mbox{under Umständen}
+\end{cases}
\]
\end_inset
-The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Font sizes
+\end_layout
-.
- When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
- will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
- This alignment is set in the box
-\family sans
-Horizontal
-\family default
- with the letters
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
+ automatically chosen in most situations.
+ These are called
\family sans
-l
+textstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
\family sans
-r
+displaystyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+scriptstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
\family sans
-c
+scriptscriptstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- proposes a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+ For most characters,
\family sans
-c
+textstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ and
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+ are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
+ and certain other structures, are set larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+.
+ Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
+ situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ thinks are appropriate.
+ These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\style"
\end_inset
- for every column as default.
- For example, the sequence
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+.
+ A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
+ For example, you can set
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
\end_inset
-
+, which is normally in
\family sans
-lcr
+textstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+, larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
\end_inset
- means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
- centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
- corresponds to the relevant column.
- The result will look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\begin{array}{lcr}
-this & this\,column & this\,column\\
-column & has & has\,right\\
-has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
-\end{array}.
-\]
+.
+ The four styles are used in the following example:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
\end_inset
- while the cursor is in the matrix.
- Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- or the math toolbar.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
- It can be created with the menu
+All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
+ is set in a particular size with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cases
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Environment
+Style
\family default
- or the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-cases
-\series default
-.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
--1 & x<0\\
-0 & x=0\\
-1 & x>0
-\end{cases}
-\]
-
+, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
+ Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
+ will be adjusted to correspond.
+ As an example here is a formula in the font size
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-Multi-line formulas are created when you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
+\family roman
+\size largest
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
\end_inset
- within a formula.
- In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
- column.
- When you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
- in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-=
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
- is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
- A new row is created by every further entry of
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-.
- Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
-a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
-\end{eqnarray}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AMS math
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
- in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray*}
-\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
-\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! AMS
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The multi-line formula type described here is called
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-eqnarray
-\family default
-\series default
-.
- There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
- for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:asquared"
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
+ that are in common use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling AMS-Support
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
+ the document by selecting the checkbox
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- The other types are described in section
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+package
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Options
+\family default
.
+ AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors in formulas,
+ ensure that you have enabled AMS.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Formula Numbering and Referencing
+\begin_layout Subsection
+AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Formula numbering
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides a selection of different formula types.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to choose between
+\family typewriter
+align
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+alignat
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+flalign
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+gather
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+multline
+\family default
+.
+ We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "AMS"
+literal "true"
+
\end_inset
+, for an explanation of these formula types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+More Tools
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Cross-References
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Referencing formulas
+Cross references
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+name "sec:Cross-References"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Whole
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+One of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s strengths is cross-references.
+ You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
+ the document.
+ To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
+ The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
+ We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
+\end_layout
-Formula
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First item
+\end_layout
-.
- The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- within parentheses.
- The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
- The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
- the document class.
- In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
- separated by a dot:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-1+1=2
-\end{equation}
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "enu:Second-item"
\end_inset
-Using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
+Second item
+\end_layout
- in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
- You can only number displayed formulas.
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Third item
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-This
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
\family default
- or the shortcut
+ or by pressing the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-line-toggle"
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
- will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 3-2\\
-2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
-4 & \leq & 7
-\end{eqnarray}
+.
+ A gray label box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/label.png
\end_inset
-To number all lines use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
+ is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
+ the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
- A label is inserted with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
+enu:Second-item
\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) when the cursor is in the formula.
- This opens a dialog to enter the label.
- It is recommended that you use the suggested
+.
+ The prefix
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
-eq:
+enu:
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
- label type when you have many labels in your document.
- We inserted in the following example the label
+ stands for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-eq:tanhExp
+enumerate
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
- & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
-\end{eqnarray}
-
+.
+ The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
+ example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
+ will be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
- Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
- You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
+
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross
-\begin_inset space ~
+sec:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Reference
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
\family default
- (toolbar button
+ or the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
-).
- A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
- The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
- as the formula number:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a cross-reference to equation (
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+.
+ A gray cross-reference box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/reference.png
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s cross-reference box are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+ is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
+ in the document.
+ We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
- press
+ At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
+ in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As an alternative to
\family sans
-Del
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
+\family sans
+Copy as Reference
\family default
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-User defined math macros
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Macros
-\end_layout
-
+ The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
+ to the actual cursor position via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
\end_inset
-
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
- have equations of the same form in a document several times.
- Math macros are explained in section
-\emph on
-Math
+Here is our cross-reference: Item
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Macros
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Fine-Tuning
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Typefaces
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Typefaces
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "enu:Second-item"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
- To set a font in a formula, use the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
-\end_inset
+It is recommended to use a protected space
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-, or enter its command, listed in table
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
\end_inset
-, directly.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+ between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
+ line breaks between them.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are eight formats of cross-references:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
+ normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
+Equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ is omitted:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+<page>: prints the page number: Page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand pageref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-mathrm
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mathbf
+If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
+ is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
+ if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
+ the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
+ it prints “on the next page”.
+ The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mathit
-\end_layout
+If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
+\family sans
+\series bold
+<reference>
+\family default
+\series default
+; otherwise it behaves like
+\family sans
+\series bold
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+<page>
+\family default
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
+\begin_layout Description
+Formatted
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
-\backslash
-mathtt
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
-\end_inset
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+ installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package should be used for this feature by setting
+ the option
+\family sans
+Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document Class
+\family default
+.
+ The package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ is the default and preferred because
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ supports only English documents.
+ The format is specified by using the command
\series bold
\backslash
-mathbb
-\end_layout
+newrefformat
+\series default
+ (prettyref) or
+\series bold
+\backslash
+newref
+\series default
+ (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of the document.
+ For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
+ shortcut
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+fig
+\family default
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+) can be done for
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ with this command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-mathfrak
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
+\backslash
+pageref{#1}}}
+\series default
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph on
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
+Note that neither
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ nor
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+predefines reference formats for all available types.
+ This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
+ environments.
+ So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
+ you will need to define the relevant format yourself.
+ For
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+, you might do so as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-mathcal
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
+\backslash
+ref{#1}}
+\series default
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
+ the package documentation
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "prettyref,refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The options
+\family sans
+Plural
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Capitalized
+\family default
+ will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathsf
+refstyle
+\series default
+ package.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Textual
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand nameref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Label
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ label for the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand labelonly
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, if you want to issue a command
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support.
+ If you are using
\series bold
-Note:
+refstyle
\series default
- You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- and
+, then you may want to use the
\family sans
-Calligraphic
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
- Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
+Prefix
\family default
- within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
- space when you need a space in the box.
- Here is an example where
+ option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-N
+:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- denotes the set of numbers:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
-\]
+ separator.
+ This is the form needed for e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+'s range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
+ part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The varieties are adjusted in the field
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
+ce.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
- You can, for example, put a character in
+You can only use the style
\family sans
-Fraktur
+<reference>
\family default
- in a box for
+ to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
\family sans
-Typewriter
+<page>
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+ is always possible.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
+ for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
+ it.
+ Referencing formulas is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
\end_inset
-So it is better not to use this feature.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
+Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
+ The entry
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-You can only print them emboldened using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
-, which works like the other typeface commands:
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+Label
+\family default
+ sets the cursor before the referenced label.
+ This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Back
+\family default
+ so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
+ You can also go back with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can change labels at any time.
+ References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
+ do not need to think about this.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
- works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
+\begin_layout Standard
+If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ “BROKEN”
+ in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
+ of the reference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
+References are described in detail in the section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
-\family default
-.
+
+\emph on
+Referencing Floats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Table of Contents and other Listings
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Text
+Table of contents
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Navigating ! Outline
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
- not for text.
- For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
- the entry
-\family sans
-Normal
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-mode
-\family default
- of the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Outline
+\end_layout
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
-.
- Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- in black instead of blue.
- You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
-x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
--x & \mbox{under Umständen}
-\end{cases}
-\]
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:toc"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Font sizes
-\end_layout
+Table of Contents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
- automatically chosen in most situations.
- These are called
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-scriptstyle
-\family default
-, and
+The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
\family sans
-scriptscriptstyle
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Contents
\family default
.
- For most characters,
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
- and
+ It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray box.
+ If you click on it, the
\family sans
-displaystyle
+Outline
\family default
- are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
- and certain other structures, are set larger in
+ window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
+ to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
+ So this operation is an alternative to the menu
\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-.
- Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
- situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
- thinks are appropriate.
- These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\style"
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
- For example, you can set
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+Pane
+\family default
+ that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, which is normally in
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-, larger in
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
+
\end_inset
.
- The four styles are used in the following example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
+The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
+ If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
-\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
- is set in a particular size with the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
+, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
+ Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
-\family default
-, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
- Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
- will be adjusted to correspond.
- As an example here is a formula in the font size
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
\end_inset
-:
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-\family roman
-\size largest
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
+ of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/TOC
+\family default
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-AMS math
+URLs
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! AMS
+Hyperlinks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
- that are in common use.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling AMS-Support
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
- the document by selecting the checkbox
-\family sans
-Use
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-AMS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+URLs
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:URLs"
-math
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-package
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
- dialog under
+\begin_layout Standard
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Options
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+URL
\family default
.
- AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors in formulas,
- ensure that you have enabled AMS.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Formula Types
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
+'s homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
+
+https://www.lyx.org
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides a selection of different formula types.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to choose between
-\family typewriter
-align
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-alignat
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-flalign
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gather
-\family default
-, and
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
\family typewriter
-multline
+Typewriter
\family default
.
- We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "AMS"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, for an explanation of these formula types.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-More Tools
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Cross-References
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Cross references
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Cross-References"
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s strengths is cross-references.
- You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
- the document.
- To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
- The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
- We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "enu:Second-item"
+name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
\end_inset
-Second item
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Third item
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
+Hyperlink
\family default
- or by pressing the toolbar button
+ or with the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
+arg "href-insert"
\end_inset
.
- A gray label box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/label.png
-
-\end_inset
-
- is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
- the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
\family sans
-enu:Second-item
+Target
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+ and
\family sans
-enu:
+Name
\family default
+.
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
-enumerate
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
- example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
- will be
+, or a link to a file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the hyperlink settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
+ adding the prefix
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
-sec:
+run:
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ to the link target.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A gray cross-reference box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/reference.png
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
- is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
- in the document.
- We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
- in the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As an alternative to
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
-, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
\family sans
-Copy as Reference
+Color links
\family default
-.
- The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
- to the actual cursor position via the menu
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paste
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PDF Properties
\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paste"
-\end_inset
-
).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is our cross-reference: Item
-\begin_inset space ~
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "enu:Second-item"
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to use a protected space
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Appendix
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendices are created with the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Start
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
- line breaks between them.
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Here
+\family default
+.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as the appendix part of the book.
+ This part is marked with a red borderline.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Credits"
-\begin_layout Description
-(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
- normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is omitted:
+
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<page>: prints the page number: Page
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand pageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-on
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
+ You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+, or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+, which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
- is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
- if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
- the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
- it prints “on the next page”.
- The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+).
+ If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
+ this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
+ a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+using a bibliography database.
+\end_layout
-<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
+ use two bibliographies in this document, a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment and a database-generated bibliography.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
+ from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Bibliography Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
\family sans
-\series bold
-<reference>
+Bibliography
\family default
-\series default
-; otherwise it behaves like
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
\family sans
-\series bold
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-<page>
+Key
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Label
\family default
-\series default
.
-\end_layout
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
+ of ASCII characters only.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ASCII means
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this set"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
+literal "false"
-\begin_layout Description
-Formatted
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+ of characters:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
- installed.
-\end_layout
-
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and
+ we used
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+latexcompanion
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+, a short form of its title, as the key.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package should be used for this feature by setting
- the option
+If you set a
\family sans
-Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
+Label
\family default
- in the menu
+ for the entry, references to it will appear with this label instead of
+ the number of the entry.
+ The option
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Document Class
+Literal
\family default
-.
- The package
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
- is the default and preferred because
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- supports only English documents.
- The format is specified by using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newrefformat
-\series default
- (prettyref) or
-\series bold
+ in the bibliography items settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-newref
-\series default
- (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of the document.
- For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
- shortcut
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
-
+.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ containing the available citations.
+ Select one or more keys from the list and
\family sans
-fig
+Add
+\family default
+ them.
+ Then press
+\family sans
+OK
\family default
+.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
+ If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
+ the reference.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Citation references appear in the output as the number or the label of the
+ bibliography entry with surrounding brackets.
+ Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-) can be done with this command
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+:
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
-\backslash
-pageref{#1}}}
-\series default
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Companion Second Edition
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
-,
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+-Team members are listed in the Credits:
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "prettyref,refstyle"
+key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Textual
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand nameref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+.
+ In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Author(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Author A and Author B(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- The varieties are adjusted in the field
+
+\emph on
+without
+\emph default
+ a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
+ the year.
+ Then, if you select
\family sans
-Format
-\family default
- of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
-ce.
-\end_layout
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can only use the style
-\family sans
-<reference>
-\family default
- to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
-\family sans
-<page>
+(BibTeX)
\family default
- is always possible.
+ in the document settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
- for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
- it.
- Referencing formulas is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+format
+\family default
+ (see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
-.
+), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
- The entry
+To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
+ label via the menu
\family sans
-Go
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
+Settings
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
\end_inset
-Label
-\family default
- sets the cursor before the referenced label.
- This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
-\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
+).
+ All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Databases
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Back
-\family default
- so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
- You can also go back with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can change labels at any time.
- References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
- do not need to think about this.
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
+ documents.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
+ them.
+ Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
+ and reviews along with bibliographical information.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
- “BROKEN”
- in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
- of the reference.
+\end_inset
+
+ It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
+ the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
+ list for that document.
+ This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
+ you have cited.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-References are described in detail in the section
-\begin_inset space ~
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\emph on
-Referencing Floats
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
+\family sans
+.bib
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
+, containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
-\begin_layout Section
-Table of Contents and other Listings
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\end_inset
+
+ and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
+ special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
+ A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Wiki at
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Table of contents
+
+https://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
+ for a long time.
+ It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
+ styles available.
+ But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
+c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
+ Those are addressed by
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Navigating ! Outline
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
+.
+ It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (although it has been significantly
+ extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+'s scope)
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Outline
+Meaning: While
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ might conversely fail to correctly
+ handle databases that use specific
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ features.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+, but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
+ from it.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:toc"
+\begin_layout Standard
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+ under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+format
+\family default
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ format.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table of Contents
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
+To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Contents
+Bibliography
\family default
.
- It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray box.
- If you click on it, the
+ A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
+ a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\family sans
-Outline
+ style
\family default
- window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
- to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
- So this operation is an alternative to the menu
+ file.
+ The option
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Outline
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Pane
+Add bibliography to TOC
\family default
- that is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
+ adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Content
+\family default
+ drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
+ in the document or just the cited references.
-\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1530969762
+ The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ drop box lets you specify the encoding of the database(s), should this
+ differ from the encoding of the document.
+\change_unchanged
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
- If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+.bst
+\family default
-, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
- Section
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
+ Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
+ provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
+ layout.
+ It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
+ for experts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For information on how this is done, have a look at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
- listed in the TOC.
- Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
- of contents.
- You can insert them via the
+\end_inset
+
+ In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+alphadin.bst
\family default
- submenus.
- The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
+ Institute (DIN).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Biblatex
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-URLs
+Bibliography ! Biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyperlinks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-URLs
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:URLs"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+Accessing a database via
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+: Use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-URL
+List
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
-'s homepage:
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.lyx.org
-\end_layout
-
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
- in the style
-\family typewriter
-Typewriter
+Bibliography
\family default
.
- To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
- subsection.
+ In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ you cannot select a
+\family sans
+style
+\family default
+ file
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045799
+ at this place
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045867
+ As for the styles, note the following.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Note:
+biblatex
\series default
- URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
- errors.
-\end_layout
-
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
+ the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+\family sans
+.bbx
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hyperlink
-\family default
- or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "href-insert"
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
- The appearing dialog has two fields:
-\family sans
-Target
-\family default
- and
+
\family sans
-Name
+.cbx
\family default
-.
- The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
- The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, an Email address like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "lyx-docs mailing list"
-target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
-type "mailto:"
+) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are not set in the
+\family sans
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, or a link to a file.
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog, but in the document settings.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
- adding the prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
+ However, in the dialog in the
\family sans
-run:
+Options
\family default
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are described in detail in the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ manual,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to the link target.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
- and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
- To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
- the text style dialog.
- This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
-\family sans
-\series bold
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bibliography Processors
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The link text color can be changed, when the option
+To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses a bibliography processor,
+ that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
+ and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
+ LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
+ You can do this on a general level in
\family sans
-Color links
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
- is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+ or for individual documents in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PDF Properties
-\family default
-).
- The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
- option
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-urlcolor=blue
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-to the field
-\family sans
-Additional options
+Bibliography
\family default
- in the PDF Properties dialog.
+.
+ The following variants are available by default:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Appendices
+\begin_layout Description
+biber a specific, modern processor
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Appendix
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ developed exclusively for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ (it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+!).
+
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ makes use of; if you use the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ approach, it is strongly recommended to use
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Appendices"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
+ with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
+ (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+, works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ features are supported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendices are created with the menu
+By default (with the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ set in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Here
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
\family default
-.
- This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
- as the appendix part of the book.
- This part is marked with a red borderline.
+ and with
+\family sans
+Automatic
+\family default
+ as setting for the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+), \SpecialChar LyX
+ selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+ for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based bibliography styles).
+ This should suit most needs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
- numbered with a capital Latin letter.
- The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
- and the subsection number.
- All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
- here two examples:
+In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+pbibtex
+\family default
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
+ You can adjust it in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Credits"
-
-\end_inset
+Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
+ can add below the selection.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
+ of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX,biber"
+literal "true"
-; Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Export"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Customizing
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
+ bibliographies.
+ These are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Biblatex
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Bibliography
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation Format
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography
+Bibliography ! Citation format
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Bibliography"
+name "subsec:Citation-Format"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
--document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+Many different citation formats are common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+numerical citation (as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
+1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
- manually, using the paragraph environment
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-, which was described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Mil08
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
-
+) or author-year citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
- If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document, like author-year citations, then you must
-\emph on
-
-\emph default
-use a bibliography database.
-\end_layout
+Miller (2008a)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Bibliography Environment
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
+ files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within the
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
+ In
\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
\family default
- environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
- with a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
-\family sans
-Key
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and
- we used
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-, a short form of its title, as the key.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Citation
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
-.
- A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
- containing the available citations.
- Select one or more keys from the list and
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
\family sans
-Add
+Bibliography
\family default
- them.
- Then press
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
\family sans
-OK
-\family default
-.
- The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
- If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
- the reference.
-\end_layout
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
- entry with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
-\family sans
-Label
+(BibTeX)
\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
- Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+\series bold
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Credits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\series default
+as
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Companion Second Edition
+format
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+ which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
\end_inset
-
+ for details).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The \SpecialChar LyX
--Team members are listed in the Credits:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
+With a bibliography database (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
-
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
- label via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
+\begin_layout Description
+Basic
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Settings
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout-paragraph"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Databases
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
+ and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Biblatex bibliography style
+\family default
+ below.
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate
+\family sans
+the
+\family default
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ behavior very closely.
+ Compared to normal
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ this option has some additional styles.
+ All
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are also supported by this variant.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
- documents.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
- them.
- Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
- and reviews along with bibliographical information.
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
- It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
- entries.
- You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
- your working field in a database.
- This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
- the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
- list for that document.
- This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
- you have cited.
+ which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The database is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-.bib
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, containing the bibliography in a special format.
- The format is explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX-2"
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
-
-\end_inset
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
-).
- The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
- special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
- A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
- Wiki at
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
+The
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
+Biblatex
\family default
-/
+ and
\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-BibTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
+Natbib
+\family default
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ citation styles.
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
+\family sans
+Variant
\family default
.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
+ Note that for the
\family sans
-style
+Biblatex
\family default
- file.
- The option
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea.
+ Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
+Biblatex citation style
\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
+.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
+ With
\family sans
-Content
+Natbib
\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
+, on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
+ style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
+ are available in the
\family sans
-.bst
+Citation
\family default
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
+ a name prefix such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+van Beethoven
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
- Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
- provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
- layout.
- It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
- for experts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For information on how this is done, have a look at
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ (to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
-
+) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+use or don't use
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+et al.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
-\end_layout
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- either in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- or in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\family default
-.
- The following variants are possible:
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
- with other bibliography packages (e.
+page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+ (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
+with or without
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-natbib
-\series default
-), only with the package
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\series default
-; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
- that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages, except
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\end_layout
+pp.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
- larger memory than
+).
+ The option
\family sans
-bibtex
+Literal
\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
-\end_layout
+ in the citation dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the fields
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
- of the variants.
- Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
- of
+before
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+after
\family default
-
+.
+ Here is a simple example where the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appears after the reference:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Have a look at
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you select the option
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- in the
+All styles except for
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
+Basic (BibTeX)
\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
- This and other options are explained in detail in section
-\emph on
-Customizing Bibliographies
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+cf.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
+ this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
+Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
+ Some
\family sans
-alphadin.bst
+Biblatex
\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation Format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Citation format
-\end_layout
-
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+qualified citation lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
- For this feature you need to enable the option
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports this.
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
\family sans
-Natbib
+Citation
\family default
- in the
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
+Selected Citations
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+before
\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
- the citation reference window.
- Here is an example where the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Chapter
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+after
+\family default
+.
+ If you double-click on an item's
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- appears after the reference:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "latexcompanion"
-
+before
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+after
+\family default
+ field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
+ In the
+\family sans
+General text before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+General text after
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
See the next subsection for an example.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
- program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package aeguill in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages although all these index
- commands start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages !
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
- To fix this
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-OrgIndex
-\backslash
-index
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand*{
-\backslash
-index}[1]{
-\backslash
-OrgIndex{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Index Entry Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
+ packages ! splitidx
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Subindex.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
+Subindex
+\family default
+.
If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ allows to use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code in the name of the index.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Nomenclature/Glossary
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+ To use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code for nomenclature entries the option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the nomenclature dialog has to be used.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Symbol
\family default
field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--formulas.
+ formulas.
For example to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
+ syntax is given in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
- a quote character in front of them.
+should appear in nomenclature entries containing \SpecialChar TeX
+ code they need to be escaped
+ by adding a quote character in front of them.
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
-description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+description "The quote sign in TeX code is output by writing ' \"\" '."
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "a"
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+literal "false"
\end_inset
prefix "sigma"
symbol "$\\sigma$"
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are automatically translated for some document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
+ are automatically translated for most document languages.
+ If not, add these lines in front of the nomenclature list as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see equation
\backslash
nobreakspace(#1)}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+unskip, page
\backslash
nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the numbers should be hyperlinks, assure that you use
+\family sans
+Hyperref
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Support
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Properties
+\family default
+ and use instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see
+\backslash
+hyperlink{equation.#1}{equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}(#1)}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- by their translation.
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+AtBeginDocument{
+\backslash
+addto
+\backslash
+captionsenglish{
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+nomname{List of Symbols}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you are using another document language than English, replace
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-nomname}{List of Symbols}
+captionsenglish
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+extras***
+\series default
+, where *** is the name of the language used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl,makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+
+\series bold
+Question:
+\series default
+ Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+
+\series bold
+Answer:
+\series default
+ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
if both branches were active.
This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296009
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
-As of LyX 2.3.0, there are also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-inverted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch insets, whose content is output just in case the branch is
+There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
+ the branch is
\emph on
not
\emph default
activated.
-
-\begin_inset Branch Question
+ This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
+ To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
+ button and choose
+\family sans
+Invert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Inset
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
inverted 1
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296217
-For example, this material will only appear when the Question branch is
- deactivated.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
- To control whether a particular inset is
+\series bold
+No answer:
+\series default
+ Because the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-inverted
+Answer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, right-click on the inset button and choose
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-Invert Inset
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
+ branch is deactivated.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\change_deleted 424524441 1468296150
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
Code.
Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Catalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
footnotes).
Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
- the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
+ the chapter, company logo but you can use almost anything, except of floats.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
this by adding a ragged line break in the style definition.
- However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
- text line.
+ However, the default height of the header/footer is only the height of
+ one text line.
To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
length
\series bold
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
+ packages ! preview-latex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
\end_layout
\end_inset
should use for spell checking.
Depending on your platform,
\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
hunspell
\family default
or
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+target "https://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.idx
+th_en_US_v2.idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.dat
+th_en_US_v2.dat
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
them from here:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
+ packages ! dvipost
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
to use them:
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Cyrillic,Farsi,Hebrew,Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353209
+ Furthermore, templates can provide text structures and fragments for recurring
+ writing tasks.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Click there on a file to open it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352812
+Open Example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352848
+This menu entry gives you quick access to all \SpecialChar LyX
+ example files.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Close
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352868
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352875
+Save As Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352904
+Saves the document in the appropriate templates directory for later use
+ as a template.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Text Style
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Layout
\family default
dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756614
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756624
+Text Properties
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+This sub-menu provides several ways to customize the appearance of text
+ passages.
+ You can
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756657
+Customize text properties by means of the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog (via
+\family sans
+Customize\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\family default
+; this is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756942
+Apply the last settings done in this dialog via
+\family sans
+Apply last settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+Change the casing of selected text (
+\family sans
+Capitalize
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Uppercase
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Lowercase
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756641
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756787
+This sub-menu only appears the document class or a module provides custom
+ text styles (in the case of this document:
+\family sans
+Code
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Strong
+\family default
+, provided by the
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ module).
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\family sans
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
The View Menu
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+In this menu entry you can set the icon size and the appearance of the different
+ toolbars.
All toolbars and the
\family sans
Command
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
+ packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Ragged
\begin_inset space ~
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459357
+Field
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459959
+Here you can insert fields holding specific information.
+ The submenu allows you to insert
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460018
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current date (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460347
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the date of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647074
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static date that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647089
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current time (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647093
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the time of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647133
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static time that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647170
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Excl.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Extension) inserts the name of the current file (without the extension .lyx)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647240
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name inserts the user name as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647259
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Email inserts the user email address as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460561
+Other\SpecialChar ldots
+ opens a dialog that lets you insert alternative formats of the three
+ date types listed above and insert a range of other information.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
List/TOC
\end_layout
Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
document class.
An example is the document class
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354540
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-article (Elsevier)
+article (
+\change_unchanged
+
+\emph on
+Elsevier
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354543
+
+\emph default
+)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
with three custom insets.
The section
\emph on
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menu items are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive
+ environments of the same type.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Short Title
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Date
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Inserts the actual date.
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align left
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905310
+
+\family default
+or
+\family sans
+ Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste Recent
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Emphasize text, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set text to noun style, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900859
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-char-styles"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900930
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545899987
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545900001
Format text using the current settings in the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
dialog
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900837
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-custom-insets"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900953
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="26" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545899981
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900045
+Format text using the recent settings in the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901299
+
\family sans
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
arg "update-others"
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901301
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901302
* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
icon set.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
justifies the text on screen.
This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
not in the output.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288869
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288904
+The
+\family sans
+Default Style
+\family default
+ setting in
+\family sans
+Table Style
+\family default
+ lets you select which style newly inserted tables should use by default.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
+ packages ! japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
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LatexCommand bibitem
-key "makeindex"
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- of the program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "makeindex-man"
+key "biber"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Options"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi"
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- for the program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "xindy"
+key "makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the program
\family sans
-xindy
+makeindex
\family default
:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex/doc/makeindex.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "AMS"
+key "makeindex-man"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex"
+name "Options"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- of the AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages:
+ for the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "caption"
+key "xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
- of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
-\end_layout
+target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
+ of the program
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf
+http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "enumitem"
+key "AMS"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
+target "https://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-enumitem
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
+ of the AMS \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf
+https://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "fancyhdr"
+key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-fancyhdr
+caption
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption-eng.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "hyperref"
+key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-hyperref
+enumitem
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/enumitem/enumitem.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "nomencl"
+key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-nomencl
+fancyhdr
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "prettyref"
+key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/doc/manual.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-prettyref
+hyperref
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/doc/manual.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "refstyle"
+key "microtype"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/microtype/microtype.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-refstyle
+microtpye
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! microtpye
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/microtype/microtype.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Arabic"
+key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
-
-\end_inset
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
+literal "false"
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Arabic:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Armenian:
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Cyrillic"
+key "prettyref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
-
-\end_inset
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
+literal "false"
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Cyrillic languages:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Farsi"
-
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Farsi:
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Hebrew"
+key "refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Hebrew:
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Japanese"
+key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Japanese:
+ for Arabic:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Latvian"
+key "Armenian"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Latvian:
+ for Armenian:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Lithuanian"
+key "Cyrillic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Lithuanian:
+ for Cyrillic languages:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mongolian"
+key "Farsi"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Mongolian:
+ for Farsi:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Vietnamese"
+key "Hebrew"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Vietnamese:
+ for Hebrew:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "NewInLyX20"
+key "Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- about new features in
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- 2.0
-\family default
-:
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Japanese:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
database.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink, see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more info.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
LatexCommand printnomenclature
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
type "idx"
+name "Index"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
projects / features.git / blobdiff