-#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 508
+#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 544
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
\default_output_format pdf2
\output_sync 0
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
-\use_package undertilde 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation skip
\defskip medskip
-\quotes_language english
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style english
+\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author 986154928 "Gnter Milde"
+\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
\end_header
\begin_body
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Version 2.2.x
+Version 2.3.x
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+The
+\family sans
+Filter
+\family default
+ field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of
+\emph on
+Labels and References
+\emph default
+ and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sub:
+sub
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
2.4.1.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+By right-clicking on a section in the outliner you can select the whole
+ section to copy, cut or delete it.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Scrolling
\begin_inset Index idx
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Tab"
description "Tabulator key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Esc"
description "Escape key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Ctrl"
description "Control key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Shift"
description "Shift key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Alt"
description "Alt or Meta key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
+ packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
argument (menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Short Title
+Enumerate Options
\family default
) to the first item of each level in the list.
There you add the command
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- font, known as
+ With LyX's default font encoding, this is a look-alike of the standard
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
-) or
+): either
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the bitmap font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
ec
\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+).
+ However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
As
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+ is a bitmap font, it looks pixelated in PDF output, especially when you
+ read the PDF in a zoomed size.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
+This problem is less severe if you read PDFs in
\family typewriter
Adobe
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but built of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
- for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
If you do not like the look of
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fontenc
+ packages ! fontenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Enable micro-typographic extensions
+\family default
+ activates extensions such as character protrusion and font expansion via
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+microtype
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! microtype
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as ligatures (--, ---) instead of a sigle character.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Strikeout
+Strike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out
\family default
\strikeout on
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family sans
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out
+\family default
+
+\xout on
+This is text with Cross out on.
+\xout default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is used to make text hardly readable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
Noun
\family default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
+ packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\emph on
em dash
\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
+, and the
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
+\family sans
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+/ AltGr
+\family default
+key).
+ Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special
Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
+\family default
+ or with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- gives a en dash,
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
+unicode-insert
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- a em dash.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
+Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
+ mode and has a length of its own.
Here are some examples:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
+From A–Z; pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
+The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and Line Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438804
+around
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438805
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dashes are allowed depends on the use case and locale:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash in ranges of
+ values such as 1975–1982, but no line break should occur if only a single
+ character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437551
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437622
+The dashes that are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ by default generally allow for
+\change_unchanged
+line breaks after en-dashes and em-dashes
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513498469
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437597
+.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438851
+are only allowed (without manual intervention), if the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ is selected (this is the default in \SpecialChar LyX
+ 2.3).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In this case, the dashes are output as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, respectively, when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
+ by an optional line break.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437637
+This results in optional line breaks after
+\emph on
+all
+\emph default
+ en- and em-dashes.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Unwanted line breaks
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437645
+must
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437646
+can
+\change_unchanged
+ be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, using protected spaces or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+368–9
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+With spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+ in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– line breaks should not occur before the dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang spanish
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437701
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate
+\series default
+ setting.
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\family default
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437705
+Em dashes in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts become
+\family typewriter
+–-
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+---
+\family default
+ in the output.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437950
+The default dashes output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ disable
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437951
+H
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513437954
+h
+\change_unchanged
+yphenation
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513437961
+is suppressed
+\change_unchanged
+in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498511
+you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+\change_unchanged
+the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498530
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+.
+ In this case optional line breaks after individual
+\family sans
+ dashes
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438124
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ has not been selected, you
+\change_unchanged
+ can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438126
+be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438191
+insert
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513438193
+re-allowed
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438149
+optional line breaks
+\change_unchanged
+via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+as common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be broken
+ after the dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440855
+Note: Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, you could insert en-dashes and em-dashes as -- and ---, respectively;
+ they were automatically merged to proper (breakable) dashes in the output,
+ but kept as consecutive hyphen characters in the LyX document.
+ If you inserted literal dash characters, however, they were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes (this was actually rather by accident than intentionally, but some
+ used these two forms of dashes deliberately).
+
+\change_unchanged
+As of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439795
+things work differently: consecutive hyphens are merged to dashes immediately
+ in the input.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439552
+The behavior was changed since it led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text export,
+ HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ If you copy consecutive hyphens, by contrast, they are output as consecutive
+ hyphen characters.
+ An unintended consequence of this change was that all dashes now were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438403
+-- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439864
+Since furthermore, in order to maintain the output,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439597
+O
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+o
+\change_unchanged
+ccurrences
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+of consecutive hyphens
+\change_unchanged
+in
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439612
+older
+\change_unchanged
+documents
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+ that were saved by
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1 or earlier versions,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513439871
+a
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439871
+we
+\change_unchanged
+re converted to literal
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438458
+Unicode
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+en- and em-
+\change_unchanged
+dash
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+ charact
+\change_unchanged
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+r
+\change_unchanged
+s
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439884
+, respectively, these were output to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes as well
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439888
+An obvious drawback of all this was that
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438506
+This
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439745
+it
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513440124
+ led to
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440127
+resulted in
+\change_unchanged
+ different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513439906
+, by contrast and as outlined above, outputs
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441767
+
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default, so if you load a document saved previous to LyX 2.2,
+ you should get the identical output with LyX 2.3 for the dashes inserted
+ with -- and ---.
+ Furthermore, \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3
+\change_unchanged
+provides the aforementioned option
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438447
+
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498544
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
+
+\family default
+ It is o
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438517
+n
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441759
+ff
+\change_unchanged
+ by default but
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438522
+un
+\change_unchanged
+selected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441759
+ in order to maintain line breaking between \SpecialChar LyX
+ 2.2 and 2.3 (so these document
+ have non-breakable dashes)
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513440192
+only
+\change_unchanged
+literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you must manually
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438688
+un
+\change_unchanged
+select
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513438687
+
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513498551
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used both
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441852
+,
+\change_unchanged
+ literal and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441864
+ligature
+\change_inserted -712698321 1513441867
+--/---
+\change_unchanged
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavio
+\change_deleted -712698321 1513441864
+u
+\change_unchanged
+r.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3.
+ If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenation
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
as a hyphenation possibility.
Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can use a protected
+ hyphen (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+) or put it into a makebox as described in section
\emph on
Prevent Hyphenation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
+Quotation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
+Typography ! Quotation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
+Quotation marks | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
+ usually sets quotation marks correctly.
+ Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
+ text, and use a closing mark at the end.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
"
\family default
, generates this automatically.
-\change_inserted 986154928 1464030688
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 986154928 1464016381
-You can, of course, remove this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-smart quotes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- keybinding if you prefer.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Editing-Shortcuts"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
"
\family default
- key produces using the submenu
+ key produces by using the submenu
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_inset
- dialog in the box
+ dialog and switching the
\family sans
Quote Style
\family default
-.
- There are six choices:
+ (note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
+ There are 14
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+choices:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\noindent
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in the US)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like ”this”
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Sweden)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Germany)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Poland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Switzerland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-For
-\change_inserted 986154928 1464016392
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-smart
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
-single quotes
-\change_deleted 986154928 1464016400
-you have to
-\change_unchanged
-use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "quote-insert single"
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes als
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
+g., in Denmark)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks (so-called plain or non-typographical quotation marks)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Ligatures"
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
- knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
- output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in Great Britain)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
- To break a ligature, use
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Ligature
-\begin_inset space ~
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
-Break.
\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
-cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in France)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
\end_inset
-Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LyX
- and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logos
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Proper names
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ quotation marks (another style common in France)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Via
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Logos
-\family default
-, \SpecialChar LyX
- provides the following program logos with special formatting:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
+ since these look identical to the inner marks.
+ The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
+ the inner marks differ).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
- The name of the game.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar TeX
- The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- The \SpecialChar TeX
- macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
- The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
\end_inset
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
- world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
- converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
\end_inset
-, the previous one was
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Units
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Russia)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thin
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example to show the differences:
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space ~
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-h
+ quotation marks (another style common in Sweden)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-h
-\end_layout
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-half space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset Index idx
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Japan)
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Widows and orphans
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
- of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
- of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
- can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
- governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
-ly to prevent widows and orphans.
- If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
-\backslash
-widowpenalty=10000
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
\end_inset
-\backslash
-clubpenalty=10000
-\series default
+\family sans
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of your document to avoid them.
- Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (such as
+and
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
+\family default
- or
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
\end_inset
-) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s page break mechanism.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
-
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
\end_inset
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
+g., in North Korea and China)
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Notes
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
-\end_layout
+Inner quotation marks
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
+ But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
+ case (and specifically the British style shows that
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset space ~
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ does not necessarily mean
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+).
+ This is why we call them
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
-\end_layout
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+ as opposed to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
- a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- via the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(xxx)
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
+scare quotes
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status open
+) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "quote-insert inner"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
--files.
+ and via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters
+\family default
+ menu.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
+ That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
+ it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
+ This allows you to enter marks of different style.
+ If you check the setting
+\family sans
+Use dynamic quotation marks
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+, however, special quotation marks will be inserted (in the LyX window,
+ they appear in a special color).
+ These marks will automatically adapt to the main style (and its changes).
+ Such quotation marks make it easy to alter the quotation mark style in
+ one step (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+g., if your publisher requests a different style).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+Individual quotation marks (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
- set in the document settings under
-\family sans
-Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Greyed-out
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
+ easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
+ mark.
+\end_layout
-notes
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is the text
-\begin_inset Foot
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
- In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
- of a comment that appears in the output.
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Ligatures"
+
\end_inset
-As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Note
-\family default
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
.
- Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+ Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
+ output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Footnotes
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Footnotes"
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
-
+ To break a ligature, use
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Footnote
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "footnote-insert"
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you will see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- a box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/footnote.png
- scale 80
+Break.
+\family default
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your footnote.
- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Dorffest
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
- and click on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-button
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Logos
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Proper names
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
- according to the document class.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
- schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
+Via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Logos
\family default
-ey are described in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the following program logos with special formatting:
+\end_layout
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ The name of the game.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Marginal notes
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
+ The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
+ converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Marginal
-\begin_inset space ~
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Note
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "marginalnote-insert"
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-, you will see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with the
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-margin
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.14159
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your margin
-\family default
-\series default
-al
-\family roman
-\series medium
-note.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
-\family roman
-\series medium
-
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align left
-This is a marginal note.
+Typography ! Units
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
- pages, right on odd pages.
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for units use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For further information about marginal notes see the section
-\emph on
-Margin
+Here is an example to show the differences:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Notes
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+h
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images
+space between number and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Graphics
+h
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
- you want and click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- or select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- tab allows you to choose your image file.
- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
+ of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
+ of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
- of the image in the output.
- The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
-
-\family sans
-Get
-\begin_inset space ~
+Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
+ly to prevent widows and orphans.
+ If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-from
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-file
-\family default
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Clip
-\begin_inset space ~
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+widowpenalty=10000
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\backslash
+clubpenalty=10000
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-bounding
+to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of your document to avoid them.
+ Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (such as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-box
-\family default
- will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
- the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
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-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-LyX options
-\family default
- tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
- experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
- options.
- In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Draft
+ or
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-mode
-\family default
- has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
- with the image size is printed.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
- Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
- in the text.
- This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s page break mechanism.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- scale 70
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see section
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Image Formats
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Formats
+Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
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+name "sec:Notes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- therefore uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ImageMagick
-\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
- use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
+ a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
- They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
- Well-known bitmap image formats are
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Graphics Interchange Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
-.gif
+(xxx)
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-GIF|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-files.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
+Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
+ set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Greyed-out
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+notes
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PNG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+This is the text
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ of a comment that appears in the output.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note
+\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+\end_layout
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Footnotes
+\end_layout
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you will see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ a box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnote.png
+ scale 95
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your footnote.
+ If you
\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
+
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
+ and click on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-JPG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
+ according to the document class.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
+ schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
+, you will see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with the
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+margin
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align left
+This is a marginal note.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For further information about marginal notes see the section
+\emph on
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images
+\end_layout
-}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Graphics"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
+\end_inset
+
+ or select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Units-available-in"
+
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Scalable
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
- data loss.
- The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
- presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
- Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Scalable image formats can be
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LyX options
+\family default
+ tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ options.
+ In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/2D-intensity-plot.pdf
+ scale 70
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images ! Formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ therefore uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ImageMagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Scalable Vector Graphics
+Graphics Interchange Format
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (SVG, file extension
+ (GIF, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.svg
+.gif
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-SVG|see
+GIF|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Encapsulated PostScript
+Portable Network Graphics
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
+ (PNG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.eps
+.png
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-EPS|see
+PNG|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Portable Document Format
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (PDF, file extension
+ (JPG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.pdf
+.jpg
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
PDF
\end_layout
\family default
: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.
- except for the first page, if
+ Except for the first page, if
\family sans
First
\begin_inset space ~
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+reference "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 50
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 50col%
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+name "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+A star in a float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
+reference "fig:Star"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ filename clipart/3D-structure-distort.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
+name "fig:Star"
\end_inset
-Platypus
+Star
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+name "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-Two distorted images.
+Two images.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Arrays
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Arrays
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Matrices
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
+ using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ matrix button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 2 & 3\\
+4 & 5 & 6\\
+7 & 8 & 9
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
+ will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
+ This alignment is set in the box
+\family sans
+Horizontal
+\family default
+ with the letters
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+l
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+r
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ proposes a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for every column as default.
+ For example, the sequence
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+lcr
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
+ centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
+ corresponds to the relevant column.
+ The result will look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\begin{array}{lcr}
+this & this\,column & this\,column\\
+column & has & has\,right\\
+has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
+\end{array}.
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ while the cursor is in the matrix.
+ Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ or the math toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
+ It can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Environment
+\family default
+ or the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cases
+\series default
+.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+-1 & x<0\\
+0 & x=0\\
+1 & x>0
+\end{cases}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Multi-line formulas are created when you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ within a formula.
+ In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
+ column.
+ When you press
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+ in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
+ is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
+ A new row is created by every further entry of
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "newline-insert newline"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
+a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
+ in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The multi-line formula type described here is called
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+eqnarray
+\family default
+\series default
+.
+ There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
+ for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:asquared"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The other types are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering and Referencing
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Formula numbering
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Referencing formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ within parentheses.
+ The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
+ The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
+ the document class.
+ In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
+ separated by a dot:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+1+1=2
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Using
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+ in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
+ You can only number displayed formulas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+This
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-line-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+ will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+1 & = & 3-2\\
+2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
+4 & \leq & 7
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+To number all lines use the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "math-number-toggle"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
+ A label is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+) when the cursor is in the formula.
+ This opens a dialog to enter the label.
+ It is recommended that you use the suggested
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+eq:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
+ label type when you have many labels in your document.
+ We inserted in the following example the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+eq:tanhExp
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
+ & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
+ Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
+ You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Reference
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
+ The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
+ as the formula number:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a cross-reference to equation (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s cross-reference box are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
+ press
+\family sans
+Del
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+User defined math macros
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Macros
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
+ have equations of the same form in a document several times.
+ Math macros are explained in section
+\emph on
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Macros
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Typefaces
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Typefaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
+ To set a font in a formula, use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
+\end_inset
+
+, or enter its command, listed in table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, directly.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathbf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathit
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Matrices
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\backslash
+mathtt
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Matrices are entered in \SpecialChar LyX
- using the
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Panel
-\family default
- matrix button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
- It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 2 & 3\\
-4 & 5 & 6\\
-7 & 8 & 9
-\end{array}\right)
-\]
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathbb
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
- will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
- This alignment is set in the box
-\family sans
-Horizontal
-\family default
- with the letters
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
-\family sans
-l
-\family default
+\backslash
+mathfrak
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph on
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
\end_inset
-\family sans
-r
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
+\backslash
+mathcal
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- proposes a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
\end_inset
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- for every column as default.
- For example, the sequence
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
-\family sans
-lcr
-\family default
+\backslash
+mathsf
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
- means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
- centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
- corresponds to the relevant column.
- The result will look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\begin{array}{lcr}
-this & this\,column & this\,column\\
-column & has & has\,right\\
-has\,left\,alignment & center\,alignment & alignment
-\end{array}.
-\]
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can add more rows to an existing matrix by entering
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
- while the cursor is in the matrix.
- Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- or the math toolbar.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
- It can be created with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cases
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-Environment
-\family default
- or the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-cases
+\series bold
+Note:
\series default
+ You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
+\family sans
+Blackboard
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Calligraphic
+\family default
.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
--1 & x<0\\
-0 & x=0\\
-1 & x>0
-\end{cases}
-\]
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-Multi-line formulas are created when you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- within a formula.
- In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
- column.
- When you press
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
- in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
+When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
+ Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
+ space when you need a space in the box.
+ Here is an example where
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-=
+N
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- etc.) will be inserted automatically in the first column, the relation sign
- is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
- A new row is created by every further entry of
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "newline-insert newline"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
-a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}
-\end{eqnarray}
-
-\end_inset
-
-Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs so structures
- in this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+ in
+\family sans
+Blackboard
+\family default
+ denotes the set of numbers:
\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray*}
-\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}
-\end{eqnarray*}
+\[
+f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The multi-line formula type described here is called
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-eqnarray
+The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
+ You can, for example, put a character in
+\family sans
+Fraktur
\family default
-\series default
-.
- There are other multi-line types more suitable for certain situations,
- for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:asquared"
+ in a box for
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-.
- The other types are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+So it is better not to use this feature.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+You can only print them emboldened using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+, which works like the other typeface commands:
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Formula Numbering and Referencing
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Formula numbering
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+ works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Style
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Text
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Referencing formulas
+Math ! Text
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
+Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
+ not for text.
+ For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
+ the entry
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
+Normal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Whole
+text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Formula
+mode
\family default
- or the shortcut
+ of the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
.
- The formula number appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- within parentheses.
- The number shown is temporary and may be different when the output is generated.
- The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
- the document class.
- In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
- separated by a dot:
+ Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
+ in black instead of blue.
+ You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
+ Here is an example:
\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-1+1=2
-\end{equation}
+\[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
+-x & \mbox{under Umständen}
+\end{cases}
+\]
\end_inset
-Using
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
- in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
- You can only number displayed formulas.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Number
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-This
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Line
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-line-toggle"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 3-2\\
-2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
-4 & \leq & 7
-\end{eqnarray}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Font sizes
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-To number all lines use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "math-number-toggle"
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
- A label is inserted with the menu
+There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
+ automatically chosen in most situations.
+ These are called
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+scriptstyle
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+scriptscriptstyle
+\family default
+.
+ For most characters,
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
+displaystyle
\family default
- (toolbar button
+ are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
+ and certain other structures, are set larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+.
+ Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
+ situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ thinks are appropriate.
+ These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
+arg "math-insert \\style"
\end_inset
-) when the cursor is in the formula.
- This opens a dialog to enter the label.
- It is recommended that you use the suggested
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+.
+ A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
+ For example, you can set
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
\end_inset
-
+, which is normally in
\family sans
-eq:
+textstyle
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+, larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
\end_inset
- as the first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the
- label type when you have many labels in your document.
- We inserted in the following example the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+.
+ The four styles are used in the following example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
\end_inset
-eq:tanhExp
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
\end_inset
- in the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{eqnarray}
-\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
- & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}
-\end{eqnarray}
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
\end_inset
-Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
- Therefore the label is shown behind the formula number.
- You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
+ is set in a particular size with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Reference
+Style
\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
+ Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
+ will be adjusted to correspond.
+ As an example here is a formula in the font size
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-).
- A dialog appears to choose a label you want to refer to.
- The reference appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray cross-reference box and in the output
- as the formula number:
+largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This is a cross-reference to equation (
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+\family roman
+\size largest
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
\end_inset
-).
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The properties of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s cross-reference box are described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AMS math
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- To delete a label, set the cursor at the end in the labeled formula and
- press
-\family sans
-Del
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-User defined math macros
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Macros
+Math ! AMS
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to define macros for formulas which is very useful when you
- have equations of the same form in a document several times.
- Math macros are explained in section
-\emph on
-Math
+ supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
+ that are in common use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling AMS-Support
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
+ the document by selecting the checkbox
+\family sans
+Use
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Macros
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Math
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Fine-Tuning
-\end_layout
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Typefaces
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Typefaces
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
- To set a font in a formula, use the
+ dialog under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Panel
+Options
\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
-\end_inset
-
-, or enter its command, listed in table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
+.
+ AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors in formulas,
+ ensure that you have enabled AMS.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
\end_inset
-, directly.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Caption Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Typefaces-and-the"
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ provides a selection of different formula types.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ allows you to choose between
+\family typewriter
+align
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+alignat
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+flalign
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+gather
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+multline
+\family default
+.
+ We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "AMS"
+literal "true"
+\end_inset
+, for an explanation of these formula types.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font
+\begin_layout Chapter
+More Tools
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Cross-References
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
+Cross references
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Cross-References"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s strengths is cross-references.
+ You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
+ the document.
+ To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
+ The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
+ We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-mathrm
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First item
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "enu:Second-item"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
\end_inset
+Second item
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Third item
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or by pressing the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathbf
-\end_layout
+.
+ A gray label box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/label.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+ is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
+ the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+ The prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathit
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+enu:
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
+enumerate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
+ example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
+ will be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+sec:
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Standard
+To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mathtt
-\end_layout
+.
+ A gray cross-reference box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/reference.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
+ is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
+ in the document.
+ We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathbb
+.
+ At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
+ in the output.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+As an alternative to
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
+\family sans
+Copy as Reference
+\family default
+.
+ The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
+ to the actual cursor position via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is our cross-reference: Item
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "enu:Second-item"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathfrak
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to use a protected space
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph on
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
+described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathcal
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
-\end_inset
+ between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
+ line breaks between them.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are eight formats of cross-references:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathsf
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
+ normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+Equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+ is omitted:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_layout Description
+<page>: prints the page number: Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- You can only print capital letters in the typefaces
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Calligraphic
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand pageref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
- Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- within the box will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a protected
- space when you need a space in the box.
- Here is an example where
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-N
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- in
-\family sans
-Blackboard
-\family default
- denotes the set of numbers:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\:x\in\mathbb{N}
-\]
+<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
+ is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
+ if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
+ the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
+ it prints “on the next page”.
+ The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
- You can, for example, put a character in
-\family sans
-Fraktur
-\family default
- in a box for
-\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-So it is better not to use this feature.
-\end_layout
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-You can only print them emboldened using the command
+If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
+\family sans
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
+<reference>
+\family default
\series default
-, which works like the other typeface commands:
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+; otherwise it behaves like
+\family sans
+\series bold
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+<page>
+\family default
+\series default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+Formatted
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
+reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
\series default
- works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
+ This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Text
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Text
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+ installed.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
- not for text.
- For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
- the entry
-\family sans
-Normal
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-text
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-mode
+You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package should be used for this feature by setting
+ the option
+\family sans
+Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
\family default
- of the
+ in the menu
\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Document Class
+\family default
+.
+ The package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ is the default and preferred because
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ supports only English documents.
+ The format is specified by using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newrefformat
+\series default
+ (prettyref) or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newref
+\series default
+ (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of the document.
+ For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
+ shortcut
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Panel
+
+\family sans
+fig
\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\font"
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- Math text appears in \SpecialChar LyX
- in black instead of blue.
- You can use spaces and accents in math text as in normal text.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
-x & \mbox{if I say so}\\
--x & \mbox{under Umständen}
-\end{cases}
-\]
+) can be done for
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ with this command:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+\backslash
+newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
+\backslash
+pageref{#1}}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+Note that neither
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ nor
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+predefines reference formats for all available types.
+ This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
+ environments.
+ So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
+ you will need to define the relevant format yourself.
+ For
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+, you might do so as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Font sizes
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
+\backslash
+ref{#1}}
+\series default
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
+ the package documentation
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "prettyref,refstyle"
+literal "true"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
- automatically chosen in most situations.
- These are called
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-scriptstyle
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-scriptscriptstyle
-\family default
.
- For most characters,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The options
\family sans
-textstyle
+Plural
\family default
and
\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
- are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
- and certain other structures, are set larger in
-\family sans
-displaystyle
+Capitalized
\family default
-.
- Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
- situations, all text will be set in the styles that \SpecialChar LaTeX
- thinks are appropriate.
- These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "math-insert \\style"
-\end_inset
+ will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ package.
+\end_layout
-.
- A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
- For example, you can set
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+\begin_layout Description
+Textual
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, which is normally in
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-, larger in
-\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
+reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand nameref
+reference "fig:Two-images"
+
\end_inset
-.
- The four styles are used in the following example:
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
+\begin_layout Description
+Label
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
-\end_inset
+only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ label for the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand labelonly
+reference "fig:Two-images"
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
-\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-All these math-mode font sizes are relative so that if the whole math inset
- is set in a particular size with the menu
+This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, if you want to issue a command
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support.
+ If you are using
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+, then you may want to use the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
+No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
+Prefix
\family default
-, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
- Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
- will be adjusted to correspond.
- As an example here is a formula in the font size
+ option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-largest
+:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ separator.
+ This is the form needed for e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\size largest
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+'s range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
+ part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The varieties are adjusted in the field
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
+ce.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-AMS math
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can only use the style
+\family sans
+<reference>
+\family default
+ to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
+\family sans
+<page>
+\family default
+ is always possible.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
+ for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
+ it.
+ Referencing formulas is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! AMS
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS)
- that are in common use.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling AMS-Support
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can make the facilities of the AMS-packages explicitly available in
- the document by selecting the checkbox
+Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
+ The entry
\family sans
-Use
+Go
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-AMS
+to
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-math
+Label
+\family default
+ sets the cursor before the referenced label.
+ This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
+\family sans
+Go
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-package
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
+Back
\family default
+ so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
+ You can also go back with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change labels at any time.
+ References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
+ do not need to think about this.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ “BROKEN”
+ in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
+ of the reference.
+\end_layout
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Math
+\begin_layout Standard
+References are described in detail in the section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
-\family default
-.
- AMS is needed for many math-constructs; so when you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
--errors in formulas,
- ensure that you have enabled AMS.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Formula Types
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:AMS-Formula-Types"
+\emph on
+Referencing Floats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Table of Contents and other Listings
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Math ! Multi-line Equations
+Table of contents
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-AMS-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- provides a selection of different formula types.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- allows you to choose between
-\family typewriter
-align
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-alignat
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-flalign
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gather
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-multline
-\family default
-.
- We refer you to the AMS-documentation,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "AMS"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Navigating ! Outline
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, for an explanation of these formula types.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-More Tools
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Cross-References
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Cross references
+Outline
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Cross-References"
+name "sec:toc"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s strengths is cross-references.
- You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
- the document.
- To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
- The label is used as an anchor and a name for the reference.
- We want for example to refer to the second item of the following list:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table of Contents
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "enu:Second-item"
+name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
\end_inset
-Second item
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Third item
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
+The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- or by pressing the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "label-insert"
+List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- A gray label box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/label.png
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Contents
+\family default
+.
+ It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as a gray box.
+ If you click on it, the
+\family sans
+Outline
+\family default
+ window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
+ to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
+ So this operation is an alternative to the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
- the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Pane
+\family default
+ that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- The prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
+ If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family sans
-enu:
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-enumerate
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted; for
- example, if you insert a label into a section heading, the suggested prefix
- will be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
\end_inset
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-sec:
-\family default
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
+ of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
+List/TOC
\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
-\end_inset
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
-.
- A gray cross-reference box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/reference.png
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+URLs
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- is inserted and the cross-reference window appears showing all the labels
- in the document.
- We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URLs
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:URLs"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
- in the output.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As an alternative to
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
-, you can right-click on a label and in the popup menu select
-\family sans
-Copy as Reference
+URL
\family default
.
- The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be pasted
- to the actual cursor position via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paste
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "paste"
-\end_inset
-
-).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is our cross-reference: Item
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
+'s homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "enu:Second-item"
+https://www.lyx.org
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to use a protected space
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+.
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Protected-Space"
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+
\end_inset
- between the cross-reference name and the cross-reference to avoid ugly
- line breaks between them.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
-\end_layout
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hyperlink
+\family default
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "href-insert"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+.
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
+\family sans
+Target
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+.
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+, or a link to a file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the hyperlink settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-(<reference>): prints the number within two parentheses, this is the style
- normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference name
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
+ adding the prefix
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- is omitted:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+\family sans
+run:
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+ to the link target.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<page>: prints the page number: Page
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
+\family sans
+\series bold
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand pageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
+\family sans
+Color links
+\family default
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PDF Properties
+\family default
+).
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
-
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-If the label is on the same page, it prints “on this page”; if the label
- is on a facing page in a two-sided document, it prints “on the facing page”;
- if it is on the previous page which is not a facing page, it prints “on
- the previous page”; if it is on the next page which is not a facing page,
- it prints “on the next page”.
- The wording of the printed text also depends on the used document class.
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Appendix
+\end_layout
-page
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand vref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-If the label is on the same page, this format behaves like
-\family sans
-\series bold
-<reference>
-\family default
-\series default
-; otherwise it behaves like
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendices are created with the menu
\family sans
-\series bold
-on
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Start
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-page
+Appendix
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-<page>
+Here
\family default
-\series default
.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as the appendix part of the book.
+ This part is marked with a red borderline.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Formatted
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Credits"
+
\end_inset
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- This feature is only available when you have the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+Bibliography
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
\end_inset
- installed.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
+ You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
\end_inset
-You can select which \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package should be used for this feature by setting
- the option
+, or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
+
\family sans
-Use refstyle (not prettyref) for cross-references
+Bibliography
\family default
- in the menu
+, which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
+ this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
+ a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+using a bibliography database.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
+ use two bibliographies in this document, a
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Document Class
+Bibliography
\family default
-.
- The package
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
- is the default and preferred because
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- supports only English documents.
- The format is specified by using the command
-\series bold
+ environment and a database-generated bibliography.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
+ from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-newrefformat
-\series default
- (prettyref) or
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Bibliography Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
-\backslash
-newref
-\series default
- (refstyle) in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of the document.
- For example redefining all references to figures (which have the label
- shortcut
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
\family sans
-fig
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
+\family sans
+Key
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Label
\family default
+.
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
+ of ASCII characters only.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ASCII means
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this set"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
+literal "false"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) can be done with this command
+ of characters:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
\backslash
-newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
-\backslash
-pageref{#1}}}
-\series default
+#Character_set
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "prettyref,refstyle"
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Textual
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand nameref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and
+ we used
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+latexcompanion
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+, a short form of its title, as the key.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+If you set a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ for the entry, references to it will appear with this label instead of
+ the number of the entry.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the bibliography items settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- The varieties are adjusted in the field
+You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
\family sans
-Format
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
\family default
- of the cross-reference window, that appears when you click on the cross-referen
-ce.
-\end_layout
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can only use the style
+.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ containing the available citations.
+ Select one or more keys from the list and
\family sans
-<reference>
+Add
\family default
- to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
+ them.
+ Then press
\family sans
-<page>
+OK
\family default
- is always possible.
+.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
+ If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
+ the reference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading;
- for floats put the label in the caption; for footnotes put the label in
- it.
- Referencing formulas is explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Citation references appear in the output as the number or the label of the
+ bibliography entry with surrounding brackets.
+ Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
-
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a cross-reference opens a context menu.
- The entry
+Have a look at the
\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Label
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Companion Second Edition
\family default
- sets the cursor before the referenced label.
- This entry will be renamed in the context menu of the label to
-\family sans
-Go
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
-Back
-\family default
- so that you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
- You can also go back with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change labels at any time.
- References to the changed label will automatically be updated so that you
- do not need to think about this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If a cross-reference refers to a non-existent label, you will see in \SpecialChar LyX
- “BROKEN”
- in the cross-reference label and two question marks in the output instead
- of the reference.
-\end_layout
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+-Team members are listed in the Credits:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
-\begin_layout Standard
-References are described in detail in the section
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\emph on
-Referencing Floats
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Table of Contents and other Listings
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Table of contents
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+ In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+Author(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Navigating ! Outline
-\end_layout
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Author A and Author B(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+
+\emph on
+without
+\emph default
+ a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
+ the year.
+ Then, if you select
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+ in the document settings
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Outline
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:toc"
-
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table of Contents
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Table-of-Contents"
+format
+\family default
+ (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
-
+), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
+To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
+ label via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Table
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-of
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Contents
-\family default
-.
- It is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
- as a gray box.
- If you click on it, the
-\family sans
-Outline
+Settings
\family default
- window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline, which allows you
- to move and rearrange sections in your documents.
- So this operation is an alternative to the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Outline
-\begin_inset space ~
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
\end_inset
-Pane
-\family default
- that is described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+).
+ All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Databases
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:The-Outliner"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
- If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
- in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
+ documents.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Short-Titles"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
+ them.
+ Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
+ and reviews along with bibliographical information.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
- Section
-\begin_inset space ~
+ It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
+ the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
+ list for that document.
+ This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
+ you have cited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+\family sans
+.bib
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
- listed in the TOC.
- Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
+, containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
+ and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+literal "true"
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
- of contents.
- You can insert them via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
-\family default
- submenus.
- The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs and Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset Index idx
+).
+ The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
+ special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
+ A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Wiki at
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-URLs
+
+https://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
+ for a long time.
+ It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
+ styles available.
+ But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
+c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
+ Those are addressed by
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyperlinks
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+ It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (although it has been significantly
+ extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+'s scope)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Meaning: While
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ might conversely fail to correctly
+ handle databases that use specific
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ features.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-URLs
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:URLs"
-
\end_inset
-
+, but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
+ from it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings (menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-URL
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
-'s homepage:
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.lyx.org
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
- in the style
-\family typewriter
-Typewriter
+format
\family default
-.
- To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
- subsection.
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ format.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
- errors.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
+To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hyperlink
+List
\family default
- or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "href-insert"
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Bibliography
+\family default
.
- The appearing dialog has two fields:
+ A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
+ a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\family sans
-Target
+ style
\family default
- and
+ file.
+ The option
\family sans
-Name
+Add bibliography to TOC
\family default
-.
- The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
- The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, an Email address like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "lyx-docs mailing list"
-target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
-type "mailto:"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, or a link to a file.
+ adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Content
+\family default
+ drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
+ in the document or just the cited references.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
- adding the prefix
+The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style file is a text file with the file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
-run:
+.bst
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to the link target.
-\end_layout
+ that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
+ Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
+ provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
+ layout.
+ It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
+ for experts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For information on how this is done, have a look at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
- and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
- To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
- the text style dialog.
- This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
-\family sans
-\series bold
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The link text color can be changed, when the option
-\family sans
-Color links
-\family default
- is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PDF Properties
-\family default
-).
- The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
- option
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-urlcolor=blue
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-to the field
+ In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style
\family sans
-Additional options
+alphadin.bst
\family default
- in the PDF Properties dialog.
+, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
+ Institute (DIN).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Appendices
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Biblatex
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Appendix
+Bibliography ! Biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Appendices"
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendices are created with the menu
+Accessing a database via
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+: Use the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Appendix
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Here
+Bibliography
\family default
.
- This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
- as the appendix part of the book.
- This part is marked with a red borderline.
+ In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ you cannot select a
+\family sans
+style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
- numbered with a capital Latin letter.
- The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
- and the subsection number.
- All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
- here two examples:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
+ the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Credits"
+\family sans
+.bbx
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-; Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Export"
+\family sans
+.cbx
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are not set in the
+\family sans
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog, but in the document settings.
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Bibliography"
+ However, in the dialog in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are deescribed in detail in the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ manual,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
--document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bibliography Processors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses a bibliography processor,
+ that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
+ and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
+\end_layout
- which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
- manually, using the paragraph environment
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
+ LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
+ You can do this on a general level in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+ or for individual documents in
\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
\family default
-, which was described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+.
+ The following variants are available by default:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+biber a specific, modern processor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document, like author-year citations, then you must
-\emph on
+ developed exclusively for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ (it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+!).
-\emph default
-use a bibliography database.
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ makes use of; if you use the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ approach, it is strongly recommended to use
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Bibliography Environment
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
+ with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Within the
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
+ (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
\family sans
-Bibliography
+bibtex
\family default
- environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
- with a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
+, works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ features are supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default (with the
\family sans
-Key
+Processor
\family default
- and a
+ set in
\family sans
-Label
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and
- we used
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, a short form of its title, as the key.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
+ and with
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Citation
+Automatic
\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
- containing the available citations.
- Select one or more keys from the list and
+ as setting for the
\family sans
-Add
+Processor
\family default
- them.
- Then press
+ in
\family sans
-OK
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
-.
- The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
- If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
- the reference.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
- entry with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
+), \SpecialChar LyX
+ selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
\family sans
-Label
+bibtex
\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
- Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Credits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-:
+ for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based bibliography styles).
+ This should suit most needs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at the
+In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\family sans
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Companion Second Edition
+pbibtex
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
+ You can adjust it in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The \SpecialChar LyX
--Team members are listed in the Credits:
+Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
+ can add below the selection.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
+ of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
+key "BibTeX,biber"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Customizing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
- label via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Settings
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout-paragraph"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
+ bibliographies.
+ These are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Biblatex
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Databases
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Citation Format
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
+Bibliography ! Citation format
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+name "subsec:Citation-Format"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
- documents.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
- them.
- Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
- and reviews along with bibliographical information.
-\end_layout
-
+Many different citation formats are common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
- entries.
- You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
- your working field in a database.
- This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
- the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
- list for that document.
- This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
- you have cited.
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The database is a text file with the file extension
+numerical citation (as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-.bib
-\family default
-
+1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, containing the bibliography in a special format.
- The format is explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX-2"
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Mil08
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+) or author-year citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Miller (2008a)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
).
- The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
- special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
- A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
- Wiki at
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
+ files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
+ In
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
+Bibliography
\family default
-/
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-BibTeX
+Natbib
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Bibliography
-\family default
-.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
-\family sans
-style
-\family default
- file.
- The option
-\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
+(BibTeX)
\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+as
\family sans
-Content
-\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-.bst
+format
\family default
+ which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
- Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
- provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
- layout.
- It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
- for experts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ for details).
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For information on how this is done, have a look at
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+With a bibliography database (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Basic
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
+ and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
\family sans
-Processor
+Biblatex citation style
\family default
- either in
+ and
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
+Biblatex bibliography style
\family default
- or in
+ below.
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
+Options
\family default
-.
- The following variants are possible:
+ field.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
- with other bibliography packages (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate
+\family sans
+the
+\family default
\series bold
natbib
\series default
-), only with the package
+ behavior very closely.
+ Compared to normal
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ this option has some additional styles.
+ All
\series bold
biblatex
\series default
-; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
+ styles are also supported by this variant.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
- that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages, except
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
\series bold
-biblatex
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
- larger memory than
-\family sans
-bibtex
-\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
+\end_inset
+
+ which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
- of the variants.
- Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
- of
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+\begin_layout Description
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you select the option
+The
\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
+Biblatex
\family default
- in the
+ and
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
+Natbib
\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
- This and other options are explained in detail in section
-\emph on
-Customizing Bibliographies
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ citation styles.
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
+\family sans
+Variant
+\family default
+.
+ Note that for the
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea.
+ Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
+ With
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\family default
+, on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
+ style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
+For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
+ are available in the
\family sans
-alphadin.bst
+Citation
\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
+ a name prefix such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation Format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Citation format
-\end_layout
+ (to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+use or don't use
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+et al.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
- For this feature you need to enable the option
-\family sans
-Natbib
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
+page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+with or without
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- dialog under
+pp.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The option
\family sans
-Bibliography
+Literal
\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\end_layout
+ in the citation dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the fields
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
- the citation reference window.
- Here is an example where the text
+before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
+.
+ Here is a simple example where the text
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
appears after the reference:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Quote
Have a look at
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
after "Chapter 3"
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All styles except for
+\family sans
+Basic (BibTeX)
+\family default
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cf.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
+ this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
+ Some
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+qualified citation lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports this.
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
+\family sans
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
+\family sans
+Selected Citations
+\family default
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+before
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+after
+\family default
.
+ If you double-click on an item's
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+before
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
+ field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
+ In the
+\family sans
+General text before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+General text after
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
See the next subsection for an example.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
- program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package aeguill in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages although all these index
- commands start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages !
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
- To fix this
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-OrgIndex
-\backslash
-index
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand*{
-\backslash
-index}[1]{
-\backslash
-OrgIndex{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Index Entry Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
+ packages ! splitidx
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Subindex.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
+Subindex
+\family default
+.
If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ allows to use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code in the name of the index.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Nomenclature/Glossary
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+ To use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code for nomenclature entries the option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the nomenclature dialog has to be used.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Symbol
\family default
field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--formulas.
+ formulas.
For example to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
+ syntax is given in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
- a quote character in front of them.
+should appear in nomenclature entries containing \SpecialChar TeX
+ code they need to be escaped
+ by adding a quote character in front of them.
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
-description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+description "The quote sign in TeX code is output by writing ' \"\" '."
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "a"
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+literal "false"
\end_inset
prefix "sigma"
symbol "$\\sigma$"
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are automatically translated for some document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
+ are automatically translated for most document languages.
+ If not, add these lines in front of the nomenclature list as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+unskip, see equation
\backslash
nobreakspace(#1)}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+unskip, page
\backslash
nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the numbers should be hyperlinks, assure that you use
+\family sans
+Hyperref
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Support
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Properties
+\family default
+ and use instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see
+\backslash
+hyperlink{equation.#1}{equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}(#1)}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- by their translation.
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl,makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Question
+inverted 0
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+
+\series bold
+Question:
+\series default
+ Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 0
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+
+\series bold
+Answer:
+\series default
+ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
if both branches were active.
This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
+ the branch is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ activated.
+ This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
+ To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
+ button and choose
+\family sans
+Invert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Inset
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+No answer:
+\series default
+ Because the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Answer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ branch is deactivated.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Question
+inverted 0
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 0
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
Code.
Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Catalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+
+\emph on
Custom Header/Footerlines
+\emph default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-styles:
+environments:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Standard
for the different positions in the header/footer.
+ These environments can be selected in the environment pull-down box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
footnotes).
Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
- the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
+ the chapter, company logo but you can use almost anything, except of floats.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To define your header line, add all three header styles.
- The things you add to the styles appear on odd numbered pages, the things
- in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
+To define your header line, add all three header environments.
+ The things you add to each environment appear on odd numbered pages, the
+ things in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and
can be omitted.
- If you leave a style or its argument empty, nothing appears in the output.
+ If you leave a header environment or its argument empty, nothing appears
+ in the output.
Defining the footer line works similarly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The header and footer will appear on normal pages.
Some pages are different.
- The title page has a style of its own, and so does any page that starts
- a new part or chapter in your book.
+ The title page has a header/footer environment of its own, and so does
+ any page that starts a new part or chapter in your book.
Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.
There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on
the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.
\begin_layout Standard
where thickness is a size in standard units like
\family sans
+\emph on
pt
\family default
+\emph default
or
\family sans
+\emph on
mm
\family default
+\emph default
.
If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
- this by adding a normal line break in the style definition.
- However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
- text line.
+ this by adding a ragged line break in the style definition.
+ However, the default height of the header/footer is only the height of
+ one text line.
To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
length
\series bold
\backslash
footheight
\series default
- in this entry in
+ with this entry in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-where height is a size in standard units.
- If you don't know which amount of space is needed for the height, define
- your header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
+where
+\series bold
+height
+\series default
+ is a size in standard units (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+1cm
+\series default
+).
+ If you don't know how much space is needed for the height, define your
+ header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
Then open the \SpecialChar LaTeX
logfile with the menu
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX Log
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Log
\family default
and use the button
\family sans
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
+ packages ! preview-latex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
\end_layout
\end_inset
should use for spell checking.
Depending on your platform,
\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
hunspell
\family default
or
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+target "https://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
them from here:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
+ packages ! dvipost
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
to use them:
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Cyrillic,Farsi,Hebrew,Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+In this menu entry you can set the icon size and the appearance of the different
+ toolbars.
All toolbars and the
\family sans
Command
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
+ packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Ragged
\begin_inset space ~
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
+ packages ! japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! ucs
+ packages ! ucs
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if a citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+Here you can specify if a specific citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
packages
\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
natbib
\series default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! natbib
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! jurabib
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
should be used.
- You can enable a
+ If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, you can enable a
\family sans
Sectioned bibliography
\family default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! bibtopic
+ packages ! bibtopic
\end_layout
\end_inset
- and you can select a
+.
+ If you use
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+, you can select the style files and specify further options.
+ Finally, you can select a document-specific
\family sans
Processor
\family default
for the generation of the bibliography.
- For a further description see section
+ For a further description of these possibilities see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amsmath
+ packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amssymb
+ packages ! amssymb
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! cancel
+ packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! esint
+ packages ! esint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathdots
+ packages ! mathdots
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathtools
+ packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mhchem
+ packages ! mhchem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stackrel
+ packages ! stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stmaryrd
+ packages ! stmaryrd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! undertilde
+ packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Output
+Formats
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Doc-Output"
+name "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
is used for the size of equations in the output.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format The option
+\family sans
+Save transient properties
+\family default
+ controls whether document settings that are frequently switched or that
+ are specific to the user are saved with the document.
+ The properties that are affected by option are currently:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the activation of change tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the output of tracked changes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the recording of the document directory path.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Disabling the option can prevent issues in collaborative work and/or when
+ using a version control system (for instance unnecessary merge conflicts).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
La
\family sans
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "this image"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\family default
) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
+ Regardless of this option, one can always close a tab by middle-clicking
+ it in the tab bar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
+To add new or modify existing key bindings to your own taste you can use
the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
functions and the bound shortcuts.
To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
+ This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family typewriter
+M
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+S
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+C
+\family default
+ for
+\family sans
+Meta/Alt
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+, respectively) as well as to the other keys.
+ Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
+ in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
+ the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
+ a model).
+ So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
+\family sans
+Alt+Shift+:
+\family default
+, you needed to specify it as
+\family typewriter
+M-S-colon
+\family default
+.
+ If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
+ these specifics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ transforms your input to the correct syntax.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Keyboard/Mouse
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+key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/doc/manual.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-prettyref
+hyperref
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/hyperref/doc/manual.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "refstyle"
+key "microtype"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/microtype/microtype.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
+ package
\series bold
-refstyle
+microtpye
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! microtpye
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/microtype/microtype.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Arabic"
+key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
-
-\end_inset
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
+literal "false"
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Arabic:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Armenian:
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Cyrillic"
+key "prettyref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
-
-\end_inset
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf"
+literal "false"
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Cyrillic languages:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Farsi"
-
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Farsi:
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Hebrew"
+key "refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Hebrew:
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Japanese"
+key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Japanese:
+ for Arabic:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Latvian"
+key "Armenian"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Latvian:
+ for Armenian:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Lithuanian"
+key "Cyrillic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Lithuanian:
+ for Cyrillic languages:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mongolian"
+key "Farsi"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Mongolian:
+ for Farsi:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Vietnamese"
+key "Hebrew"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Vietnamese:
+ for Hebrew:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "NewInLyX20"
+key "Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- about new features in
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- 2.0
-\family default
-:
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Japanese:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
database.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink, see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more info.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
LatexCommand printnomenclature
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
type "idx"
+name "Index"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff