-#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 530
+#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 575
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\begin_modules
customHeadersFooters
enumitem
+logicalmkup
\end_modules
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\language_package default
-\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
+\inputencoding utf8
+\fontencoding auto
\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
-\font_sans "lmss" "default"
-\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
-\default_output_format pdf2
+\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command bibtex
\index_command default
+\float_placement class
+\float_alignment class
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
\use_package stmaryrd 1
-\use_package undertilde 0
+\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
+\use_lineno 0
+\lineno_options
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation skip
\defskip medskip
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
\quotes_style english
\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
+\tablestyle default
\tracking_changes true
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
+\author -1402925745 "Günter Milde"
\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
-\author 274215730 "scott"
-\author 424524441 "rgheck"
+\author 5863208 "ab"
\end_header
\begin_body
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Version 2.2.x
+Version 2.3.x
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
Recent
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352530
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352546
+
+\family sans
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Example
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353355
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353357
+
+\family sans
+Close All
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352570
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352997
+
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Template
\family default
command lists the available templates.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353491
+and possibly propose text fragments
+\change_unchanged
+for the document, features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353500
+and text
+\change_unchanged
+you would otherwise need to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553353510
+change
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353510
+set
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353505
+or enter
+\change_unchanged
+manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
(see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353657
+ You can also add your own templates to this list by means of storing a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ file with the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Save As Template
+\family default
+ function.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+The
+\family sans
+Filter
+\family default
+ field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of
+\emph on
+Labels and References
+\emph default
+ and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sub:
+sub
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Tab"
description "Tabulator key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Esc"
description "Escape key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Ctrl"
description "Control key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Shift"
description "Shift key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Alt"
description "Alt or Meta key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different
documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.
Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you
- need a specific inset or character style only that one time.
+ need a specific inset or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757388
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757388
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style only that one time.
You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
preamble.
What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
+ packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
+
This is Verbatim.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
\noindent
\align block
+
The following 2 lines are empty:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
+
Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
\backslash
}][{|
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim*
+
This is Verbatim*.
\end_layout
To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
list item and use the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Environment
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Above
\family default
-.
- This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and behind it the new list.
- The menu
+ or
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Parent Environment
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Below
\family default
- only appears if the item is nested.
- It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
- nesting.
+.
+ This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
+) and before or behind it the
+ new list.
+ Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ specifying
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757415
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757415
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles rather than specifying a particular font.
For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
font to emphasize text, you use an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- font, known as
+ With LyX's
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413696
+default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413700
+automatic
+\change_unchanged
+ font encoding, this is
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413733
+, depending on the document language,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413747
+either the the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cm
\family default
) or
+\change_unchanged
+a look-alike of
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413754
+ the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413756
+ this font
+\change_unchanged
+: either
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the bitmap font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
ec
\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+).
+ However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
As
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+ is a bitmap font, it looks pixelated in PDF output, especially when you
+ read the PDF in a zoomed size.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
+This problem is less severe if you read PDFs in
\family typewriter
Adobe
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but built of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
- for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
If you do not like the look of
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fontenc
+ packages ! fontenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413571
(see also section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
Unless you have specific reasons, use
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413471
+
\family sans
Default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413474
+Automatic
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Enable micro-typographic extensions
+\family default
+ activates extensions such as character protrusion and font expansion via
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+microtype
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! microtype
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ input encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Using Different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757119
+Character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757120
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+ Styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595783
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:charstyles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the character style for certain
- paragraph environments.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- supports two character styles,
-\family sans
+ automatically changes the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601052
+character
+\change_unchanged
+style for certain paragraph environments.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757169
+ In this section, we will explain how the style of selected text passages
+ can by changed.
+ This is where we meet the concept of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595930
+By default,
+\change_unchanged
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757160
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757161
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles,
+\emph on
Emphasized
-\family default
+\emph default
and
+\noun on
+Noun
+\noun default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757189
+These are
+\emph on
+builtin
+\emph default
+, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., available with all document classes.
+ On top of that, some document classes and modules provide
+\emph on
+custom text styles
+\emph default
+ for specific purposes.
+ We describe both types of text styles in a minute.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757201
+Before we do that, though, allow us just a few words of what we mean by
+
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+ in contrast to
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Traditional word processors used to focus on so-called
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+: if you wanted to emphasize a word, you selected it and chose e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ — you customized the
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Modern processors, \SpecialChar LyX
+ among them, encourage the use of
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+(or
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+)
+\emph on
+markup
+\emph default
+ instead (although formal markup is still possible; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Rather than fiddling with
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+, they encourage the use of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+, who are defined with regard to their function (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+emphasize
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+), not their form (
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ There are many advantages of the semantic approach.
+ To begin with, using functional categories keeps you thinking about why
+ you are actually marking up, if your markup is consistent and systematic,
+ and whether this particular markup makes sense.
+ On a more practical level, it is easy to change the appearance if needed.
+ Consider the case when you are writing a paper and set all proper names
+ in
+\shape smallcaps
+small caps
+\shape default
+ via formal markup.
+ Now if the publisher requests to have names appear differently (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in normal font, or ALL-CAPS), you would have to change any single occurrence.
+ With a semantic markup (such as
+\noun on
+noun
+\noun default
+; see below), you'd just need to change the definition of
\family sans
Noun
\family default
+ once and for all.
+ It's a ten second change (if you know how to change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition).
+ Moreover, semantic markup even allows you to produce different versions
+ of a document, using different markup semantics.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757213
+With that in mind, we now turn to the semantic text styles that are provided
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
.
- You can activate both of these styles via key bindings, the menus, and
- the toolbar.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757220
+Builtin Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757226
+The two builtin text styles can be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596489
+You can
+\change_unchanged
+activate
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596491
+d
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596494
+both of these styles
+\change_unchanged
+via
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596436
+the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog,
+\change_unchanged
+key bindings
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596045
+, the menus
+\change_unchanged
+, and the toolbar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596051
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596318
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598183
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598323
+By default,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ is producing text in
+\shape smallcaps
+Small Caps
+\shape default
+, but the definition can be changed.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
+A more widely used
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757229
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757229
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style is the
\family sans
Emphasized
\family default
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596078
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596340
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Emphasized
\family default
style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages
- use a different font.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598370
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598370
+-
+\change_unchanged
+packages use a different font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598396
+, and you can also customize it yourself by changing the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Quotation
\emph on
-Do not overuse character styles!
+Do not overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757231
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757231
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It's also a warning in addition to an example.
One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character styles.
+ the common tendency to overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757236
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757236
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598419
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757709
+In contrast to the custom text styles, the builtin styles are represented
+ only as font changes and integrated in the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog.
+
+\change_unchanged
+You can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598525
+therefore
+\change_unchanged
+always reset to the default font using the key binding
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- or the dialog
+ or th
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598540
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598540
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dialog
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596565
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598544
+
\family default
- (
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598549
+or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598549
+(
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596575
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756578
+Custom Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757241
+Custom text styles can be provided by the document class, a module (see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Modules"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or local layout settings (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As the two builtin styles, they provide
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+ markup for specific functions.
+ For instance, \SpecialChar LyX
+ ships a
+\emph on
+Linguistics
+\emph default
+ module that provides, among other things, some custom text styles to markup
+ linguistic levels:
+\emph on
+expressions
+\emph default
+,
+\noun on
+concepts
+\noun default
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+meanings
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757806
+These styles can be found, if available, in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Styles
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757245
+For the purpose of demonstration, we have loaded in this document the optional
+ module
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ that replicates and extends the two builtin styles.
+ By example of the emphasized style, we can see the differences in look
+ and feel (although the result in the typeset output is the same): while
+ the builtin
+\emph on
+emphasized style
+\emph default
+ appears as normal font change, the custom text style
+\begin_inset Flex Emph
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599318
+Emph
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ appears as an inset, with a label below that identifies its semantics.
+ This is the way all custom text styles look and feel like.
+ For instance, the three others from the module we have loaded are:
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599387
+Code
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Flex Strong
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599390
+Strong
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Flex Noun
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599392
+Noun
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that custom text styles might (as in the example) or might not emulate
+ on screen their formal appearance.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599470
+Fine-Tuning
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599472
+Tweaking
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599462
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+with the
\family sans
-Text Style
+Text
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756524
+Style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756526
+Properties
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- dialog
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599485
+d
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599485
+D
+\change_unchanged
+ialog
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599505
+formal
+\change_unchanged
+fine-tuning; so \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595143
+create a custom
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595144
+customize
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601741
+the properties of text passages
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595163
+character style
+\change_unchanged
+.
For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
from ordinary dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595231
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757255
+If there are no custom text styles provided by the document class or a module
+ for this purpose (which is, as written above, generally the better way
+ of handling such issues), you often find yourself wanting to quickly tweak
+ the properties of the respective text passages.
+ That's where
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+ comes in as a last resort.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+Before we document how to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599696
+use custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599700
+tweak the text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, we want to issue a warning yet again: Don't overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599715
+character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599716
+that
+\change_unchanged
+!
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
+To
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599736
+use custom character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599739
+tweak text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, open the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog or press the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
.
- There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property that you can choose.
+ There are several
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599782
+combo
+\change_unchanged
+boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599798
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599796
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ property that you can choose.
You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
\family sans
No
\family default
, which keeps the current state of that property.
The item
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677079
+
\family sans
-Reset
+R
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677076
+Default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677077
+eset
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
will reset the property to whatever is the default.
You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+The
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599868
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599869
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ properties, and their options (in addition to
\family sans
No
\begin_inset space ~
change
\family default
and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677094
+
\family sans
Reset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677096
+Default
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) are:
\end_layout
\family sans
)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607448
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607495
+The general differences of these families are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607451
+
+\family sans
+Serif
+\family default
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example shows the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ is not recommended for use as a base type.
+ This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, which means every character has the same width; the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_deeper
This
\shape default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family sans
\shape italic
i
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family default
+i
+\change_unchanged
s the Italic font shape
\shape default
\emph on
Color
\family default
Alters the text color.
- Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Note that not all DVI
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599925
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599925
+-
+\change_unchanged
+viewers are able to display colors.
Besides
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599934
+
\family sans
+(Without)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599939
No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
color
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
, which means that the document default color set in
\family sans
text
\family default
- is used, you can choose between
+ is used, you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599960
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599960
+select
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599974
+between
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
Black
\family default
\family default
This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600006
+in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea
+\change_unchanged
+in blue to indicate the change
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600002
(only within \SpecialChar LyX
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677618
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you do not want text passages to be spellchecked, activate
+\family sans
+Exclude from Spellchecking
+\family default
+.
+ Passages marked like this will still be hyphenated correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
Size
\family default
Alters the size of the font.
- You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually
- proportional to the document font size.
+ You
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600033
+will
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600034
+won't
+\change_unchanged
+ find
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600037
+no
+\change_unchanged
+numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportional to the
+ document font size.
Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
the details, but a general description of what
you want to do.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600062
+
\family sans
Misc
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600065
+Underlining
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
+ Here you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600102
+change a few other things at the character level
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600112
+have text passages being underlined
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600240
+Avoid using underlining if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter
+ days, when you could not change fonts.
+ One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ This is only possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Options are:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600074
+
\family sans
Emph
\family default
That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
text.
Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600322
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600337
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use underlining.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600192
+
\family sans
Underbar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600193
+Single
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600212
+Single underlining
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600209
+Underbar
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\bar default
(key binding
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600236
+
\family default
Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,
when you could not change fonts.
may
\emph default
need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Double
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600261
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uuline on
-This is text with Double underbar on.
+This is text with Double under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600270
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600271
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uuline default
(key binding
\end_inset
)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600282
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
+ about double underbar
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Wavy
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600285
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uwave on
-This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+This is text with Wavy under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600294
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600295
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uwave default
(key binding
Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
Keep antinausea pills handy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600130
+
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600169
+
\family sans
-Strikeout
+Strikethrough
+\family default
+ lets you strike-through text passages in two ways:
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600364
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use strikethrough.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+S
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600378
+trike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600378
+ingle
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
+This is text with
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600382
+Strikeout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601925
+Single strikethrough
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\strikeout default
(key binding
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600394
+
+\family sans
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ou
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600397
+With
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600398
+t
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+
+\xout on
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601941
+/-strikethrough
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601943
+Cross out
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
+\xout default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is used to make text hardly readable.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757268
+In addition to all the formal markup described above, the dialog also provides
+ you access to the two builtin semantic text styles (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600579
+
+\family sans
+Emphasized:
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Noun
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600548
+:
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\noun on
This is text with Noun on.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600637
+
\noun default
Like
\family sans
Caps
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you have chosen a new character style via the
+So you have a huge number of combinations to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600660
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600660
+select
+\change_unchanged
+ from.
+ Once you have
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600674
+chosen a new character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600725
+applied a text property
+\change_unchanged
+ via the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
(
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
-) dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them by using the toolbar button
+) dialog, the settings are
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600733
+temporarily
+\change_unchanged
+saved.
+ You can activate the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600738
+m
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600745
+ last applied properties
+\change_unchanged
+ by using the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "textstyle-apply"
\end_inset
.
- The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
- isn't visible.
+ The button lets you apply
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600766
+your custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600778
+those
+\change_unchanged
+even when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905101
+ A press on the button will apply the most recent setting again, a press
+ on the down-arrow will open a menu with the (max.
+ 20) most recently applied settings, from which you can select one.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+To completely reset the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600787
+character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600823
+text properties of a selection
+\change_unchanged
+ to the default, use
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917704
+ either
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545917700
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917733
+ or select
+\family sans
+Reset to default
+\family default
+ from the menu of the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600803
+If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed (suppose
+ you just set the shape to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Apply
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
You should also know something about the differences between the three main
font types
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Typewriter
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Serif
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Sans serif
\family default
is not recommended for use as a base type.
This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600873
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
), no matter how many times you apply the style.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+We conclude
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607667
+this section
+\change_unchanged
+with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts! They are, more
+ often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
+ packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\emph on
em dash
\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
+, and the
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-output
+output
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+inserted with
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+hyphen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+en dash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
+\family sans
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+key).
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="3mm">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+em dash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+—
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+minus sign
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in math mode
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or using the
+\family typewriter
+unicode-insert
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
+ mode and has a length of its own.
+ Here are some examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+line- and page-breaks
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+A–Z; pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and Line Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (-- and ---).
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows line breaks after hyphens
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782973
+,
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782983
+ and these
+\change_unchanged
+ en-dashes and em-dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– can be prevented using protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Unwanted line breaks
+\series bold
+after
+\series default
+ dashes
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782702
+must
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782715
+can
+\change_unchanged
+ be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782753
+, a protected space does not suffice
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ Examples
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782332
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782431
+It is generally recommended to set the correct language for text parts not
+ in the document language.
+ We don't do this here to prevent a dependency on LaTeX support for French
+ and Spanish.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-inserted with
+
+\change_unchanged
+:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-hyphen
+36–39
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
+
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+même
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- in text
+– sont très utiles.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-en dash
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-–
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
+– in contrast to an overfull line
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+ the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-em dash
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code).
+ Example:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-—
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-minus sign
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
\end_inset
-
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
+ or en dashes (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in math mode
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changes and backwards compatibility
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ retain the line-break properties of hyphens while literal dash characters
+ are regarded by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
+Ligature dashes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- gives a en dash,
+ in documents from earlier versions are converted to literal dash characters
+ (except in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font); typed in consecutive hyphens are merged to dash characters immediately
+ after the input (unless the current text font is
+\family typewriter
+type
+\family default
+writer).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The behavior was changed since
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+lyx --help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ became
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
+lyx –help
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- a em dash.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
- Here are some examples:
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
+ An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+ This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-line- and page-breaks
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-)
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
+2.3 outputs
\emph on
-en dash
+breakable
\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
+ dashes by default.
+ When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
+2.2 or earlier and containing literal dash characters not followed by whitespace,
+ the setting
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
+\series bold
+Warning:
+\series default
+ If you used both literal and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+ligature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(
-\emph on
-minus sign
-\emph default
-)
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
following the rules of the document language.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not hyphenate text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
+ as a line break possibility.
+ A line break at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being broken, you can use a protected hyphen
+ (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+) or put it into a makebox as described in section
\emph on
Prevent Hyphenation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quot
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482667523
-es
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669265
-ation Marks
-\change_unchanged
-
+Quotation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quot
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482669122
-es
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669123
-ation marks
-\change_unchanged
-
+Typography ! Quotation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quot
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482669129
-es
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669204
-ation marks
-\change_unchanged
- | see
+Quotation marks | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quot
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666231
-es
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666233
-ation marks
-\change_unchanged
- correctly.
- Specifically, it will
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482667043
-use
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667044
-insert
-\change_unchanged
- an opening
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666244
-quote
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666245
-mark
-\change_unchanged
- at the beginning of quoted text, and use a closing
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666248
-quote
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666249
-mark
-\change_unchanged
- at the end.
+ usually sets quotation marks correctly.
+ Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
+ text, and use a closing mark at the end.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
"
\family default
- key produces
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669340
-by
-\change_unchanged
-using the sub
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667059
--
-\change_unchanged
-menu
+ key produces by using the submenu
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_inset
- dialog
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482667133
-in the box
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669342
-and switching the
-\change_unchanged
-
+ dialog and switching the
\family sans
Quote Style
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667108
-
\family default
(note that \SpecialChar LyX
- makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language)
-\change_unchanged
-.
- There are
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666221
-six
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482756786
-14
-\change_unchanged
- choices:
+ makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
+ There are 14
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+choices:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\noindent
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666593
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666647
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666593
-Use quotes like
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665592
-Produces
-\change_unchanged
-
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-th
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665595
-e
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666593
-i
-\change_unchanged
-s
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665605
-e outer
-\change_unchanged
-
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665637
and
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
\end_inset
g., in the US)
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666660
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666671
-
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666660
-Use quotes like ”this”
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665692
-Produces
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\end_inset
g., in Sweden)
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666683
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666696
-
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666683
-Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665749
-Produces
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
\end_inset
g., in Germany)
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666707
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666716
-
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666707
-Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665786
-Produces
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
\end_inset
g., in Poland)
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666725
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666730
-
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes crd
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666725
-Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes cld
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes crd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665816
-Produces
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
\end_inset
g., in Switzerland)
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666741
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666747
-
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
-
Outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666741
-Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482665851
-Produces
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666768
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes qrd
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666784
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes bld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666803
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668207
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ild
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668407
Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
since these look identical to the inner marks.
The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
the inner marks differ).
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482666837
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes rld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482756796
-
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482757086
\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482757158
Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482757171
\begin_inset Quotes kld
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482757171
Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482667281
-For single
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667281
-Inner
-\change_unchanged
- quot
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482666272
-es
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667398
-ation marks
+Inner quotation marks
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668512
In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
case (and specifically the British style shows that
\end_inset
quotation marks.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668702
-for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
+ for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
as
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-)
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482667343
-you have to use
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667350
-can be obtained by means of
-\change_unchanged
- the shortcut
+) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "quote-insert single"
+arg "quote-insert inner"
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668731
and via the
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special Characters
\family default
- menu
-\change_unchanged
-.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667602
-
+ menu.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482668992
By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482667904
Individual quotation marks (i.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
mark.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Subsection
\SpecialChar LyX
and \SpecialChar LaTeX
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1482669270
-l
-\change_inserted -712698321 1482669270
-L
-\change_unchanged
-ogos
+ Logos
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
a box like this:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/footnote.png
- scale 80
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ filename clipart/2D-intensity-plot.pdf
scale 70
\end_inset
Table
\family default
.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288358
+, and you can select a specific (border) style
+\change_unchanged
+.
The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
from the rest of the table.
This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288479
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288540
+This corresponds to the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Grid with Head
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ table style listed in the style selection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288387
+Other available styles include:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288551
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+simple grid
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ which looks line the above table, but without the first row being separated
+ via double line,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288764
+a border-less table with no lines at all,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554289543
+and a so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+formal table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as often used in professional publishing with horizontal lines only and
+ bold top/bottom lines (see
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual, section
+\emph on
+Formal Tables
+\emph default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288823
+The default style used in the dialog as well as the style used by the toolbar
+ button can be changed in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Layout
+\family default
+.
+ So if the default style above is not the one you need, you should alter
+ this setting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+reference "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 50
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 50col%
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+name "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+A star in a float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
+reference "fig:Star"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ filename clipart/3D-structure-distort.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\end_inset
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
+name "fig:Star"
\end_inset
-Platypus
+Star
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+name "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-Two distorted images.
+Two images.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
, versus
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "AMS"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
+There are eight formats of cross-references:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand pageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) can be done
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414614
-, for
+) can be done for
\series bold
refstyle
\series default
-,
-\change_unchanged
- with this command
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414616
-:
-\change_unchanged
-
+ with this command:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
newref{fig}{refcmd={Image on page
\backslash
pageref{#1}}}
-\change_inserted 424524441 1484857490
-
\series default
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Please note that neither
+Note that neither
\series bold
prettyref
\series default
nor
\series bold
-refstyle
+refstyle
\series default
- (nor \SpecialChar LyX
- itself) predefines reference formats for all available types.
+predefines reference formats for all available types.
This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
environments.
So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
\backslash
ref{#1}}
-\change_unchanged
-
\series default
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-For more information about
-\change_inserted 424524441 1484843645
-defining formatted references
-\change_deleted 424524441 1484843647
-the format
-\change_unchanged
-, have a look at the package documentation
-\change_deleted 424524441 1484843659
-s,
-\change_unchanged
-
+For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
+ the package documentation
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "prettyref,refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted 424524441 1484843594
-
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-The `Plural' and `Capitalized' options will be available with formatted
- references only if you are using the
+The options
+\family sans
+Plural
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Capitalized
+\family default
+ will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
\series bold
refstyle
\series default
package.
- See its documentation, again, for more information.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414460
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483817846
Label
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- label for the reference.
- This allows for customization, using ERT, if you want to issue a command
- that LyX does not support.
+ label for the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand labelonly
+reference "fig:Two-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, if you want to issue a command
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support.
If you are using
\series bold
refstyle
\series default
, then you may want to use the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-No prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Prefix
+\family default
option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
separator.
- This is the form needed for, e.g.,
+ This is the form needed for e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\series bold
refstyle
\series default
-'s range commands.
-\change_deleted 424524441 1483414539
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
+ part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
The varieties are adjusted in the field
\family sans
Objects
\emph default
manual.
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- It is recommended to use the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-refstyle
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- because
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- does not know all of \SpecialChar LyX
-'s possible label shortcuts
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1483414754
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-fig:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- is for example \SpecialChar LyX
-'s shortcut for labels in figure captions.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and is not internationalized.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
You can insert them via the
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+List/Contents/References
\family default
submenus.
The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org
+https://www.lyx.org
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
name "lyx-docs mailing list"
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
, or a link to a file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the hyperlink settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880152
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483880151
--
-\change_unchanged
-document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483880276
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
- which is explained in
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483883190
-the next subsection
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890955
-sec.
+ document.
+ You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-
-\change_unchanged
, or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
-, which
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483883190
-wa
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883190
-i
-\change_unchanged
-s described in
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883197
-the following
-\change_unchanged
-section
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890942
- (but see also sec.
-\change_unchanged
-
+, which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883212
-)
-\change_unchanged
-.
+).
If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483883190
-like
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880176
-such as
-\change_unchanged
- author-year citations,
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883518
-and if you have more than a handful of references,
-\change_unchanged
-then you
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483883190
-must
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883526
-should seriously consider
-\change_unchanged
-
+ this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
+ a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
\emph on
\emph default
-us
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880298
-ing
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483883190
-e
-\change_unchanged
- a bibliography database.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883092
-
+using a bibliography database.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883578
In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
use two bibliographies in this document, a
\family sans
only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885645
+The Bibliography Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-The Bibliography Environment
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
entry.
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880726
-Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
+ Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
of ASCII characters only.
-
-\change_unchanged
-For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and we
- used
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ASCII means
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this set"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of characters:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and
+ we used
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
, a short form of its title, as the key.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880732
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+If you set a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ for the entry, references to it will appear with this label instead of
+ the number of the entry.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the bibliography items settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
- entry with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
+Citation references appear in the output as the number or the label of the
+ bibliography entry with surrounding brackets.
Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483880908
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483881419
-You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using
-\family sans
-natbib
-\family default
.
- In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
+ In order to do so,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1555659455
+the label needs to be given the form
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\emph default
a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
the year.
- Then, if you select
+ Then, if you
+\change_unchanged
+select
\family sans
Natbib
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+ in the document settings
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483881295
Document ! Settings
\end_layout
dialog under
\family sans
Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Style engines
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
\family default
- (see below
+ (see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
\end_inset
-), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660530
+.
+ Once you have done that, the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog has three input fields instead of the
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field:
+\family sans
+ Author Names
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Year
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+.
+ The first one takes the Author list as it should be displayed in the citation
+ reference, the second the year (without parentheses).
+ These two are madatory.
+ If there are multiple authors and you want to both refer to them as a full
+ list (
+\emph on
+Baker, Jones, and Williams
+\emph default
+) and in abrreviated form (
+\emph on
+Baker et al.
+\emph default
+)
+\change_unchanged
+,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660544
+ add the abbreviated form to
+\family sans
+Author Names
+\family default
+ and the full list to the optional
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ field.
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555659886
+If specified like this,
+\change_unchanged
+you can select between different author-year or author-number styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660646
+ in the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog, and if
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ is specified, toggling
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+All authors
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the citation dialog or the citation context menu will switch between
+ full and abbreviated list
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660793
+ Note that the author and year specified in the dialog are only used for
+ the citation references.
+ In the bibliography entry, author and year must be added manually.
\change_unchanged
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Bibliography databases
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483882661
- (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
-\change_unchanged
-
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483882653
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483881524
-bibliography
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483881525
-references
-\change_unchanged
- in different documents.
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
+ documents.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+https://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483881708
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885542
\SpecialChar LyX
supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
Bib\SpecialChar TeX
is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
for a long time.
- It is quite established and mature, and there is a huge range of existing
- styles available, but it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to
- more complex bibliographic needs and support for specific languages and
- scripts.
- Those are addressed by a rather new and ambitious approach,
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+ It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
+ styles available.
+ But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
+c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
+ Those are addressed by
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
-
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
(although it has been significantly
extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-'s scope
+'s scope)
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882543
Meaning: While
-\family sans
+\noun on
Biblatex
-\family default
+\noun default
can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
might conversely fail to correctly
handle databases that use specific
-\family sans
+\noun on
Biblatex
-\family default
+\noun default
features.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-), but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
+, but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
from it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882638
-Both approaches are described in turn.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\end_inset
+
+ under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ format.
+\end_layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882655
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
Bib\SpecialChar TeX
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882655
Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483882678
-use
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882681
-access
-\change_unchanged
- a database
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882690
- via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\change_unchanged
+To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bib
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882685
-(la)
-\change_unchanged
-TeX
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Bibliography
\family default
.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882797
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
+ a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
\family sans
-
-\change_unchanged
-style
+ style
\family default
file.
The option
\family default
drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
in the document or just the cited references.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1530969762
+ The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ drop box lets you specify the encoding of the database(s), should this
+ differ from the encoding of the document.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483882781
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\change_unchanged
-style file is a text file with the file extension
+The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style file is a text file with the file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883972
- In this document, we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
style
\family sans
alphadin.bst
\family default
, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
Institute (DIN).
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883993
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483883999
Biblatex
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483884003
Bibliography ! Biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483884100
+\begin_layout Standard
Accessing a database via
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-: use the menu
+: Use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Bibliography
\family default
.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases, but as opposed to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-,
+ In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
you cannot select a
\family sans
style
\family default
- file (we will explain later, why).
- As with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-, the option
-\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
-\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
-\family sans
-Content
-\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
+ file
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045799
+ at this place
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045867
+ As for the styles, note the following.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483884492
-
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- has two different style files: a bibliography style file (a text file with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
the file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) controls how the bibliography entries will look like, and a citation style
- file (extension
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
- Usually, such style files come in pairs, and it makes most sense to use
- matching styles, but it is possible to mix any citation style with any
- bibliography style.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483891283
-
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
styles are not set in the
\family sans
Bib(la)TeX
Bibliography
\family default
- dialog, but in the
-\family sans
-Document Settings
-\family default
- dialog (in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
-).
- However, in the former dialog (in the
+ dialog, but in the document settings.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ However, in the dialog in the
\family sans
Options
\family default
- field which is only visible if you use
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
-), you can enter options that change the way the bibliography is displayed
- (for instance concerning its heading).
- These options are detailed in the
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- manual
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are described in detail in the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ manual,
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885667
Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885726
Bibliography Processors
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885808
- a bibliography processor, that is an external program that reads a database,
- sorts the citations and processes the data in a way it can be included
- in the document.
-
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885822
-The classic
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483885823
-the
-\change_unchanged
-program
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885903
-is called
-\family sans
-bibtex
-\family default
+ uses a bibliography processor,
+ that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
+ and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
.
- As the whole approach, it has the advantage that it is very mature and
- widespread, but the disadvantage that it has severe limitations, due to
- its age.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483885977
-Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address (some of)
- these limitations.
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483885997
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
-
-\change_unchanged
- You can
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886029
-do this on a general level in
+ You can do this on a general level in
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX
\family default
-, or for individual documents
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886038
-choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- either
-\change_unchanged
-in
+ or for individual documents in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886043
-
-\family default
- or in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\change_unchanged
-
\family default
.
- The following variants are
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886168
-possible
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886173
-available by default
-\change_unchanged
-:
+ The following variants are available by default:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-biber
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886257
-a specific, modern processor developed exclusively for
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+biber a specific, modern processor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ developed exclusively for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
(it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
!).
-\family sans
-Biber
-\family default
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
-\change_unchanged
-provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886272
-, but does not work with other bibliography packages (e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\series bold
-natbib
+biblatex
\series default
-), only with the package
+ makes use of; if you use the
\series bold
biblatex
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886347
-
\series default
- and many specific features
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- makes use of
-\change_unchanged
-;
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886353
-recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886386
-if you use the
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
approach, it is strongly recommended to use
-\family sans
+\series bold
biber
-\family default
+\series default
.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886412
-except
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886414
-although
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886476
-it will probably fail with even moderately sized
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886506
-b
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886506
-
-\family sans
-B
-\change_unchanged
-iblatex
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886524
-
-\family default
- bibliographies, due to the limited memory.
-\change_unchanged
-
+ with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886652
- (but no Unicode support)
-\change_unchanged
-, larger memory than
+ (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
\family sans
bibtex
\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484330876
-, although more complex
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+, works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
features are supported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484331301
-By default (with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Default
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- bibliography processor set in
+By default (with the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ set in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
\family default
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+ and with
+\family sans
Automatic
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- bibliography processor in
+\family default
+ as setting for the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ in
\family sans
Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
LaTeX
\family default
), \SpecialChar LyX
- selects the most appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliogra
-phy approach (
-\family sans
+ selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
biber
-\family default
- for Biblatex,
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
\family sans
bibtex
\family default
for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-based bibliography styles).
This should suit most needs.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484331395
In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
- By default, this is
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\family sans
pbibtex
\family default
-, a
-\family sans
-bibtex
-\family default
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
You can adjust it in
\family sans
LaTeX
\family default
.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886683
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484331419
-Selected bibliography processors
-\change_unchanged
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the
-\change_deleted -712698321 1484331437
-specification of the variants
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484331439
-selection
-\change_unchanged
-.
+Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
+ can add below the selection.
Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886810
-pages
-\change_unchanged
-of
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886842
-
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886842
-bibtex
-\change_unchanged
-
-\family default
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483886972
-
+ of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+key "BibTeX,biber"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483886836
- or
-\family sans
-bibtex8
-\family default
-, or the
-\family sans
-biber
-\family default
- manual
-\change_unchanged
.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887134
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887497
Customizing
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887548
\SpecialChar LyX
supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
bibliographies.
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483887556
-When you select the option
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
-
-\change_unchanged
-Th
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483887559
-i
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887559
-e
-\change_unchanged
-s
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887560
-e
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483887564
-and other options
-\change_unchanged
-are explained in detail in section
+ These are explained in detail in section
\emph on
Customizing Bibliographies
\emph default
\emph on
with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
+ or Biblatex
\emph default
of the
\emph on
manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483882904
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
-\family sans
-alphadin.bst
-\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Citation Format
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483881374
-
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Citation-Format"
\end_inset
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888028
Many different citation formats are common, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
- numerical citation (as used in this document), alpha-numerical citations
- (as
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+numerical citation (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888432
-By default, a simple numeric citation style (as in this document) is used.
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
In
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
\family default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888079
Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
-, however, you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred
- bibliography approach.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888408
-With the
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
- environment, your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
- labels, is
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
\family sans
Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX)
\family default
-, which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\series bold
+\series default
+as
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888505
-All other choices require a database approach, either Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- or
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- (see
+With a bibliography database (see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
\end_inset
-).
- Currently, the following options are available:
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483888574
+\begin_layout Description
+Basic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Basic (BibTeX)
-\family default
-: the default
-\family sans
-BibTeX-based approached without any additional packages (simple numeric
- citations)
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483889266
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
-: loads the
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- package and lets you select a style in the combo boxes
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
\family sans
Biblatex citation style
\family default
Biblatex bibliography style
\family default
below.
- Many different style variants are supported.
- Options to the
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
- package can be entered in the
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
\family sans
Options
\family default
field.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483889302
-
-\family sans
-Biblatex (natbib mode)
-\family default
-: loads the
-\family sans
+\begin_layout Description
Biblatex
-\family default
- package with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-natbib compatibility mode
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- enabled.
- This is a specific variant that is aimed at users who switch an existing
- document that used
-\family sans
-Natbib
-\family default
- (see below) or want to emulate
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate
\family sans
-Natbib
+the
\family default
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
behavior very closely.
Compared to normal
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
-, this option has some additional styles.
- Style selection and option handling are identical.
+ this option has some additional styles.
All
-\family sans
-Biblatex
-\family default
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
styles are also supported by this variant.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483889321
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
-\family sans
-Jurabib (BibTeX)
-\family default
-: loads the
-\family sans
-Jurabib
-\family default
- package which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483891582
+ which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Natbib (BibTeX)
-\family default
-: loads the
-\family sans
+\begin_layout Description
Natbib
-\family default
- package which provides citation styles particularly suited for the Humanities.
-\change_unchanged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+ which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483891665
The
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
- variants and
+ and
\family sans
Natbib
\family default
- furthermore provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
citation styles.
- You have to select either of it in the dialog.
- Note that in the
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
+\family sans
+Variant
+\family default
+.
+ Note that for the
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
- case, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
workarea.
Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
- alpha-numerical depends only on the selected style (however, when switching
- between
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-author-year
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-author-numerical
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, a suitable style is proposed).
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
With
\family sans
Natbib
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890338
For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
- are available
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890143
-I
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890144
-i
-\change_unchanged
-n the citation reference dialog
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890163
- you can set a special citation format
-\change_unchanged
-.
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483891709
- Some selections also provide further options, such as the option to uppercase
+ are available in the
+\family sans
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
a name prefix such as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-e., use or don't use
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+use or don't use
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
).
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890219
- For this feature you need to enable the option
-\family sans
-Natbib
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890476
-In the citation dialog,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890481
-Y
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890482
-y
-\change_unchanged
-ou can also set text to appear
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890531
-before or
-\change_unchanged
-after a citation reference,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890545
-in the citation reference window
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890583
-e.
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
- page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
(e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
- with or without
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+with or without
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\change_unchanged
+).
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the citation dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the fields
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
.
- Here is a
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483890682
-n
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890683
- simple
-\change_unchanged
- example where the text
+ Here is a simple example where the text
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
LatexCommand cite
after "Chapter 3"
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483890690
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484998090
All styles except for
\family sans
-Basic
+Basic (BibTeX)
\family default
- also provide a means to add text that precedes the reference (such as
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1484998495
Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
- That is to say, if you refer to multiple references at one, the prenote
- will precede the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the
- last.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
Some
\family sans
Biblatex
\family default
- styles allow for adding pre- and postnotes to any individual reference
- in a multi-citation (so-called
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
).
\SpecialChar LyX
supports this.
- If you use such a style, and if the current reference includes multiple
- items, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
+\family sans
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
+\family sans
Selected Citations
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- window will display three columns:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Text before
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family default
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+before
+\family default
,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Cite key
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Text after
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+after
+\family default
.
If you double-click on an item's
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Text before
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+before
+\family default
or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Text after
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+after
+\family default
field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
In the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
General text before
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family default
and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
General text after
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- input widgets, you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
-\change_unchanged
-
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Index
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
See the next subsection for an example.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
- program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index (see section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package aeguill in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages although all these index
- commands start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages !
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
- To fix this
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-OrgIndex
-\backslash
-index
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand*{
-\backslash
-index}[1]{
-\backslash
-OrgIndex{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Index Entry Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
+ packages ! splitidx
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
list in
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+List/Contents/References
\family default
and the
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Subindex.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
+Subindex
+\family default
+.
If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ allows to use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code in the name of the index.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Nomenclature/Glossary
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+ To use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code for nomenclature entries the option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the nomenclature dialog has to be used.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Symbol
\family default
field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--formulas.
+ formulas.
For example to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
+ syntax is given in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
- a quote character in front of them.
+should appear in nomenclature entries containing \SpecialChar TeX
+ code they need to be escaped
+ by adding a quote character in front of them.
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
-description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+description "The quote sign in TeX code is output by writing ' \"\" '."
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "a"
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+literal "false"
\end_inset
prefix "sigma"
symbol "$\\sigma$"
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are automatically translated for some document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
+ are automatically translated for most document languages.
+ If not, add these lines in front of the nomenclature list as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+unskip, see equation
\backslash
nobreakspace(#1)}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
+\backslash
+unskip, page
\backslash
nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the numbers should be hyperlinks, assure that you use
+\family sans
+Hyperref
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Support
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Properties
+\family default
+ and use instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see
+\backslash
+hyperlink{equation.#1}{equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}(#1)}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- by their translation.
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
To print the nomenclature, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Nomenclature
\family default
.
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+AtBeginDocument{
+\backslash
+addto
+\backslash
+captionsenglish{
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+nomname{List of Symbols}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you are using another document language than English, replace
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-nomname}{List of Symbols}
+captionsenglish
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+extras***
+\series default
+, where *** is the name of the language used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl,makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+
+\series bold
+Question:
+\series default
+ Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+
+\series bold
+Answer:
+\series default
+ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
if both branches were active.
This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296009
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
-As of LyX 2.3.0, there are also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-inverted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch insets, whose content is output just in case the branch is
+There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
+ the branch is
\emph on
not
\emph default
activated.
-
-\begin_inset Branch Question
+ This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
+ To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
+ button and choose
+\family sans
+Invert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Inset
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
inverted 1
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296217
-For example, this material will only appear when the Question branch is
- deactivated.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
- To control whether a particular inset is
+\series bold
+No answer:
+\series default
+ Because the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-inverted
+Answer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, right-click on the inset button and choose
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-Invert Inset
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
+ branch is deactivated.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\change_deleted 424524441 1468296150
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
Code.
Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Catalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
+ packages ! preview-latex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
\end_layout
\end_inset
should use for spell checking.
Depending on your platform,
\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
hunspell
\family default
or
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+target "https://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.idx
+th_en_US_v2.idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.dat
+th_en_US_v2.dat
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
them from here:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
+ packages ! dvipost
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
to use them:
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Cyrillic,Farsi,Hebrew,Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353209
+ Furthermore, templates can provide text structures and fragments for recurring
+ writing tasks.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Click there on a file to open it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352812
+Open Example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352848
+This menu entry gives you quick access to all \SpecialChar LyX
+ example files.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Close
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352868
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352875
+Save As Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352904
+Saves the document in the appropriate templates directory for later use
+ as a template.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Text Style
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Layout
\family default
dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756614
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756624
+Text Properties
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+This sub-menu provides several ways to customize the appearance of text
+ passages.
+ You can
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756657
+Customize text properties by means of the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog (via
+\family sans
+Customize\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\family default
+; this is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756942
+Apply the last settings done in this dialog via
+\family sans
+Apply last settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+Change the casing of selected text (
+\family sans
+Capitalize
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Uppercase
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Lowercase
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756641
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756787
+This sub-menu only appears the document class or a module provides custom
+ text styles (in the case of this document:
+\family sans
+Code
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Strong
+\family default
+, provided by the
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ module).
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\family sans
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
The View Menu
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+In this menu entry you can set the icon size and the appearance of the different
+ toolbars.
All toolbars and the
\family sans
Command
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
+ packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Ragged
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-List/TOC
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459357
+Field
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459959
+Here you can insert fields holding specific information.
+ The submenu allows you to insert
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460018
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current date (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460347
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the date of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647074
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static date that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647089
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current time (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647093
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the time of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647133
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static time that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647170
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Excl.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Extension) inserts the name of the current file (without the extension .lyx)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647240
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name inserts the user name as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647259
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Email inserts the user email address as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460561
+Other\SpecialChar ldots
+ opens a dialog that lets you insert alternative formats of the three
+ date types listed above and insert a range of other information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+List/Contents/References
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
document class.
An example is the document class
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354540
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-article (Elsevier)
+article (
+\change_unchanged
+
+\emph on
+Elsevier
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354543
+
+\emph default
+)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
with three custom insets.
The section
\emph on
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menu items are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive
+ environments of the same type.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Short Title
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Date
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Inserts the actual date.
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
\align left
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905310
+
+\family default
+or
+\family sans
+ Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste Recent
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Emphasize text, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set text to noun style, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900859
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-char-styles"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900930
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545899987
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545900001
Format text using the current settings in the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
dialog
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900837
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-custom-insets"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900953
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="26" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545899981
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900045
+Format text using the recent settings in the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901299
+
\family sans
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
arg "update-others"
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901301
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901302
* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
icon set.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
justifies the text on screen.
This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
not in the output.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288869
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288904
+The
+\family sans
+Default Style
+\family default
+ setting in
+\family sans
+Table Style
+\family default
+ lets you select which style newly inserted tables should use by default.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-commands (this can fail if a \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command is not known for
a particular character).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557594829
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596095
+By default, \SpecialChar LyX
+ outputs \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files in Unicode – or utf8, for that matter (which
+ is nowadays also \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s default encoding).
+ This should normally fit your needs, since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s Unicode support covers the
+ characters of most scripts.
+ Nonetheless it is not yet comprehensive, so there might be cases where
+ using one of the traditional, or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+legacy
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, encodings is necessary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596136
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ provides support for these traditional encodings.
+ If you chose
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Encodings
+\family default
+ dropdown, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically selects the appropriate traditional encoding for
+ the given language(s).
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
If you use the option
\family sans
Language Default
\family default
, \SpecialChar LyX
determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.
- If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
- than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\change_unchanged
+If the document contains text in more than one language you
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557595342
+thus
+\change_unchanged
+may get more than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
file.
- If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595350
+If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
exactly one encoding.
Checking this option is the preferred setting.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596155
+As a third option, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ selection.
+ If this is chosen, any character outside the 7bit ASCII range will be output
+ as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645585
+Finally, you can also select
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+, which lets you specify a specific (single) encoding for the whole document.
+ Note that this encoding is then used for
+\emph on
+any
+\emph default
+ language.
+ The custom list (which is spelled out below) consists of traditional encodings
+ and some special cases of Unicode for specific purposes (see explanation
+ below).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645268
+The
+\family sans
+Do not load inputenc
+\family default
+ checkbox does what it states: It prevents \SpecialChar LyX
+ from automatically loading the
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645185
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This option might be useful if you use a class or package that pre-loads
+ inputenc or if inputenc must not be used for some reason.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Note that this option is only available for the standard
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ encodings.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596063
\SpecialChar LyX
also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
Language Default
\family default
fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557645284
Language
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
languages in \SpecialChar TeX
code.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
commands, which may result in a big
file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-commands are needed.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596221
+ This is the same as the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ option in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
+ packages ! japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
(for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596410
+.
+ This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! ucs
+ packages ! ucs
\end_layout
\end_inset
- (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+ (
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596443
+comprehensive,
+\change_unchanged
+including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596475
+ This used to be more comprehensive than
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8)
+\family default
+, but meanwhile it is rather outdated.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596266
+Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
is supported.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596400
+This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with non-CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620045
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620379
+You can typeset lines numbering in the output file by enabling the checkbox
+ at the bottom.
+ The functionality is handled by package lineno and and additional options
+ of this package can be used as well.
+ The most common one are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620630
+right Line numbers to the right margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620589
+switch Line number to the outer margin (left – even pages, right – odd pages)
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620637
+switch* Line numbers to the inner margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620780
+modulo Print numbers only on multiples of five lines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620792
+displaymath,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mathlines Line numbers for math environments (both options needed).
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if a
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887883
-specific
-\change_unchanged
-citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- packages
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887840
-
+Here you can specify if a specific citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages
\series bold
biblatex
\series default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887846
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! biblatex
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
-,
-\change_unchanged
-
+,
\series bold
natbib
\series default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! natbib
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! jurabib
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
should be used.
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887869
-If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-, y
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483887870
-Y
-\change_unchanged
-ou can enable a
+ If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, you can enable a
\family sans
Sectioned bibliography
\family default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! bibtopic
+ packages ! bibtopic
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887945
.
- If you use Biblatex, you can select the style files and specify further
- options.
-
-\change_unchanged
-
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887949
-Finally,
-\change_deleted -712698321 1483887950
-and
-\change_unchanged
- you can select a
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887962
- document-specific
-\change_unchanged
-
+ If you use
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+, you can select the style files and specify further options.
+ Finally, you can select a document-specific
\family sans
Processor
\family default
for the generation of the bibliography.
- For a further description
-\change_inserted -712698321 1483887970
-of all this,
-\change_unchanged
-see section
+ For a further description of these possibilities see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amsmath
+ packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amssymb
+ packages ! amssymb
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! cancel
+ packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! esint
+ packages ! esint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathdots
+ packages ! mathdots
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathtools
+ packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mhchem
+ packages ! mhchem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stackrel
+ packages ! stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stmaryrd
+ packages ! stmaryrd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! undertilde
+ packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Float Placement
+Float
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030304
+Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030306
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030352
+Here you can set global float placement and alignment options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The float placement options are described in the section
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030366
+The float placement options
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030367
+Details
+\change_unchanged
+ are described in the section
\emph on
Float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526031799
Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526031800
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
\emph default
of the
\emph on
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "this image"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\family default
) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
-
-\change_inserted 274215730 1469338548
- Regardless of this option, one may always close a tab by middle-clicking
+ Regardless of this option, one can always close a tab by middle-clicking
it in the tab bar.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
-\family default
- enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
- needs to redraw the screen less often.
- This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
- On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
- So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
- aesthetics.
- Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-OS and Windows.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Colors
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
+To add new or modify existing key bindings to your own taste you can use
the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
functions and the bound shortcuts.
To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
+ This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family typewriter
+M
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+S
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+C
+\family default
+ for
+\family sans
+Meta/Alt
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+, respectively) as well as to the other keys.
+ Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
+ in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
+ the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
+ a model).
+ So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
+\family sans
+Alt+Shift+:
+\family default
+, you needed to specify it as
+\family typewriter
+M-S-colon
+\family default
+.
+ If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
+ these specifics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ transforms your input to the correct syntax.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Keyboard/Mouse
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
+templates This directory
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354019
+contains the templates that are shown
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354025
+will be opened when you use the menu
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354026
+in
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-files This directory will be opened when you use the button
+files This directory
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354035
+will be opened when you use the
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354048
+contains the example files that are listed in
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352959
+button
\family sans
Examples
\family default
- in the
+ in the
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352950
+ Example
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352963
+
\family default
- dialog.
+ dialog
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354004
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
You can find its actual translation status here:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1534601711
Date
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
prints the date as day/month/year.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413534
Use
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\SpecialChar LyX
sets up in the background.
So there is no need to change the default encoding.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
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- for Arabic:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/prettyref/prettyref.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
-
-\end_inset
-
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Armenian:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Cyrillic"
+key "refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+name "Documentation"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Cyrillic languages:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Farsi"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
-
\end_inset
- how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Farsi:
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Hebrew"
+key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Hebrew:
+ for Arabic:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Japanese"
+key "Armenian"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Japanese:
+ for Armenian:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Latvian"
+key "Cyrillic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Latvian:
+ for Cyrillic languages:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Lithuanian"
+key "Farsi"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Lithuanian:
+ for Farsi:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mongolian"
+key "Hebrew"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Mongolian:
+ for Hebrew:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Vietnamese"
+key "Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Vietnamese:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "NewInLyX20"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
-
-\end_inset
-
- about new features in
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- 2.0
-\family default
-:
+ for Japanese:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
database.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink, see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more info.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
LatexCommand printnomenclature
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
type "idx"
+name "Index"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff