-#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 544
+#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 575
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\begin_modules
customHeadersFooters
enumitem
+logicalmkup
\end_modules
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\language_package default
-\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
+\inputencoding utf8
+\fontencoding auto
\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
-\font_sans "lmss" "default"
-\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\use_microtype false
\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
-\default_output_format pdf2
+\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command bibtex
\index_command default
+\float_placement class
+\float_alignment class
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\justification true
\use_refstyle 1
\use_minted 0
+\use_lineno 0
+\lineno_options
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes false
+\tablestyle default
+\tracking_changes true
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
+\author -1402925745 "Günter Milde"
+\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
+\author 5863208 "ab"
\end_header
\begin_body
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
Recent
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352530
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352546
+
+\family sans
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Example
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353355
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353357
+
+\family sans
+Close All
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352570
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352997
+
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Template
\family default
command lists the available templates.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353491
+and possibly propose text fragments
+\change_unchanged
+for the document, features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353500
+and text
+\change_unchanged
+you would otherwise need to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553353510
+change
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353510
+set
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353505
+or enter
+\change_unchanged
+manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
(see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353657
+ You can also add your own templates to this list by means of storing a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ file with the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Save As Template
+\family default
+ function.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different
documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.
Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you
- need a specific inset or character style only that one time.
+ need a specific inset or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757388
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757388
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style only that one time.
You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
preamble.
What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
list item and use the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Environment
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Above
\family default
-.
- This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and behind it the new list.
- The menu
+ or
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Parent Environment
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Below
\family default
- only appears if the item is nested.
- It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
- nesting.
+.
+ This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
+) and before or behind it the
+ new list.
+ Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ specifying
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757415
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757415
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles rather than specifying a particular font.
For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
font to emphasize text, you use an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- With LyX's default font encoding, this is a look-alike of the standard
- \SpecialChar TeX
+ With LyX's
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413696
+default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413700
+automatic
+\change_unchanged
+ font encoding, this is
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413733
+, depending on the document language,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413747
+either the the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+) or
+\change_unchanged
+a look-alike of
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413754
+ the standard \SpecialChar TeX
font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
-): either
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413756
+ this font
+\change_unchanged
+: either
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413571
(see also section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
Unless you have specific reasons, use
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413471
+
\family sans
Default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413474
+Automatic
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
.
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- The option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
\family sans
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
- outputs en- and em-dashes as ligatures (--, ---) instead of a sigle character.
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ input encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Using Different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757119
+Character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757120
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+ Styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595783
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:charstyles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the character style for certain
- paragraph environments.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- supports two character styles,
-\family sans
+ automatically changes the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601052
+character
+\change_unchanged
+style for certain paragraph environments.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757169
+ In this section, we will explain how the style of selected text passages
+ can by changed.
+ This is where we meet the concept of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595930
+By default,
+\change_unchanged
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757160
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757161
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles,
+\emph on
Emphasized
-\family default
+\emph default
and
+\noun on
+Noun
+\noun default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757189
+These are
+\emph on
+builtin
+\emph default
+, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., available with all document classes.
+ On top of that, some document classes and modules provide
+\emph on
+custom text styles
+\emph default
+ for specific purposes.
+ We describe both types of text styles in a minute.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757201
+Before we do that, though, allow us just a few words of what we mean by
+
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+ in contrast to
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Traditional word processors used to focus on so-called
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+: if you wanted to emphasize a word, you selected it and chose e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ — you customized the
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Modern processors, \SpecialChar LyX
+ among them, encourage the use of
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+(or
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+)
+\emph on
+markup
+\emph default
+ instead (although formal markup is still possible; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Rather than fiddling with
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+, they encourage the use of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+, who are defined with regard to their function (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+emphasize
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+), not their form (
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ There are many advantages of the semantic approach.
+ To begin with, using functional categories keeps you thinking about why
+ you are actually marking up, if your markup is consistent and systematic,
+ and whether this particular markup makes sense.
+ On a more practical level, it is easy to change the appearance if needed.
+ Consider the case when you are writing a paper and set all proper names
+ in
+\shape smallcaps
+small caps
+\shape default
+ via formal markup.
+ Now if the publisher requests to have names appear differently (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in normal font, or ALL-CAPS), you would have to change any single occurrence.
+ With a semantic markup (such as
+\noun on
+noun
+\noun default
+; see below), you'd just need to change the definition of
\family sans
Noun
\family default
+ once and for all.
+ It's a ten second change (if you know how to change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition).
+ Moreover, semantic markup even allows you to produce different versions
+ of a document, using different markup semantics.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757213
+With that in mind, we now turn to the semantic text styles that are provided
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
.
- You can activate both of these styles via key bindings, the menus, and
- the toolbar.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757220
+Builtin Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757226
+The two builtin text styles can be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596489
+You can
+\change_unchanged
+activate
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596491
+d
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596494
+both of these styles
+\change_unchanged
+via
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596436
+the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog,
+\change_unchanged
+key bindings
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596045
+, the menus
+\change_unchanged
+, and the toolbar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596051
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596318
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598183
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598323
+By default,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ is producing text in
+\shape smallcaps
+Small Caps
+\shape default
+, but the definition can be changed.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
+A more widely used
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757229
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757229
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style is the
\family sans
Emphasized
\family default
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596078
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596340
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Emphasized
\family default
style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages
- use a different font.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598370
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598370
+-
+\change_unchanged
+packages use a different font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598396
+, and you can also customize it yourself by changing the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Quotation
\emph on
-Do not overuse character styles!
+Do not overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757231
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757231
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It's also a warning in addition to an example.
One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character styles.
+ the common tendency to overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757236
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757236
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598419
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757709
+In contrast to the custom text styles, the builtin styles are represented
+ only as font changes and integrated in the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog.
+
+\change_unchanged
+You can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598525
+therefore
+\change_unchanged
+always reset to the default font using the key binding
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- or the dialog
+ or th
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598540
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598540
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dialog
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596565
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598544
+
\family default
- (
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598549
+or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598549
+(
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596575
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756578
+Custom Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757241
+Custom text styles can be provided by the document class, a module (see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Modules"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or local layout settings (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As the two builtin styles, they provide
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+ markup for specific functions.
+ For instance, \SpecialChar LyX
+ ships a
+\emph on
+Linguistics
+\emph default
+ module that provides, among other things, some custom text styles to markup
+ linguistic levels:
+\emph on
+expressions
+\emph default
+,
+\noun on
+concepts
+\noun default
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+meanings
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757806
+These styles can be found, if available, in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Styles
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757245
+For the purpose of demonstration, we have loaded in this document the optional
+ module
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ that replicates and extends the two builtin styles.
+ By example of the emphasized style, we can see the differences in look
+ and feel (although the result in the typeset output is the same): while
+ the builtin
+\emph on
+emphasized style
+\emph default
+ appears as normal font change, the custom text style
+\begin_inset Flex Emph
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599318
+Emph
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ appears as an inset, with a label below that identifies its semantics.
+ This is the way all custom text styles look and feel like.
+ For instance, the three others from the module we have loaded are:
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599387
+Code
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Flex Strong
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599390
+Strong
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Flex Noun
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599392
+Noun
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that custom text styles might (as in the example) or might not emulate
+ on screen their formal appearance.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599470
+Fine-Tuning
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599472
+Tweaking
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599462
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+with the
\family sans
-Text Style
+Text
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756524
+Style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756526
+Properties
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- dialog
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599485
+d
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599485
+D
+\change_unchanged
+ialog
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599505
+formal
+\change_unchanged
+fine-tuning; so \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595143
+create a custom
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595144
+customize
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601741
+the properties of text passages
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595163
+character style
+\change_unchanged
+.
For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
from ordinary dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595231
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757255
+If there are no custom text styles provided by the document class or a module
+ for this purpose (which is, as written above, generally the better way
+ of handling such issues), you often find yourself wanting to quickly tweak
+ the properties of the respective text passages.
+ That's where
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+ comes in as a last resort.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+Before we document how to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599696
+use custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599700
+tweak the text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, we want to issue a warning yet again: Don't overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599715
+character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599716
+that
+\change_unchanged
+!
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
+To
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599736
+use custom character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599739
+tweak text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, open the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog or press the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
.
- There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property that you can choose.
+ There are several
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599782
+combo
+\change_unchanged
+boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599798
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599796
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ property that you can choose.
You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
\family sans
No
\family default
, which keeps the current state of that property.
The item
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677079
+
\family sans
-Reset
+R
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677076
+Default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677077
+eset
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
will reset the property to whatever is the default.
You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+The
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599868
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599869
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ properties, and their options (in addition to
\family sans
No
\begin_inset space ~
change
\family default
and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677094
+
\family sans
Reset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677096
+Default
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) are:
\end_layout
\family sans
)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607448
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607495
+The general differences of these families are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607451
+
+\family sans
+Serif
+\family default
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example shows the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ is not recommended for use as a base type.
+ This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, which means every character has the same width; the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_deeper
This
\shape default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family sans
\shape italic
i
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family default
+i
+\change_unchanged
s the Italic font shape
\shape default
\emph on
Color
\family default
Alters the text color.
- Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Note that not all DVI
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599925
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599925
+-
+\change_unchanged
+viewers are able to display colors.
Besides
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599934
+
\family sans
+(Without)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599939
No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
color
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
, which means that the document default color set in
\family sans
text
\family default
- is used, you can choose between
+ is used, you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599960
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599960
+select
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599974
+between
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
Black
\family default
\family default
This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600006
+in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea
+\change_unchanged
+in blue to indicate the change
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600002
(only within \SpecialChar LyX
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677618
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you do not want text passages to be spellchecked, activate
+\family sans
+Exclude from Spellchecking
+\family default
+.
+ Passages marked like this will still be hyphenated correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
Size
\family default
Alters the size of the font.
- You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually
- proportional to the document font size.
+ You
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600033
+will
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600034
+won't
+\change_unchanged
+ find
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600037
+no
+\change_unchanged
+numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportional to the
+ document font size.
Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
the details, but a general description of what
you want to do.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600062
+
\family sans
Misc
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600065
+Underlining
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
+ Here you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600102
+change a few other things at the character level
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600112
+have text passages being underlined
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600240
+Avoid using underlining if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter
+ days, when you could not change fonts.
+ One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ This is only possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Options are:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600074
+
\family sans
Emph
\family default
That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
text.
Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600322
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600337
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use underlining.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600192
+
\family sans
Underbar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600193
+Single
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600212
+Single underlining
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600209
+Underbar
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\bar default
(key binding
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600236
+
\family default
Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,
when you could not change fonts.
may
\emph default
need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Double
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600261
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uuline on
-This is text with Double underbar on.
+This is text with Double under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600270
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600271
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uuline default
(key binding
\end_inset
)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600282
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
+ about double underbar
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Wavy
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600285
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uwave on
-This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+This is text with Wavy under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600294
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600295
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uwave default
(key binding
Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
Keep antinausea pills handy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600130
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600169
+
+\family sans
+Strikethrough
+\family default
+ lets you strike-through text passages in two ways:
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600364
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use strikethrough.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Strike
+S
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600378
+trike
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
out
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600378
+ingle
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
+This is text with
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600382
+Strikeout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601925
+Single strikethrough
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\strikeout default
(key binding
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600394
+
\family sans
Cross
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-out
+ou
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600397
+With
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600398
+t
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\xout on
-This is text with Cross out on.
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601941
+/-strikethrough
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601943
+Cross out
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\xout default
\begin_inset Newline newline
This is used to make text hardly readable.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757268
+In addition to all the formal markup described above, the dialog also provides
+ you access to the two builtin semantic text styles (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600579
+
+\family sans
+Emphasized:
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
Noun
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600548
+:
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\noun on
This is text with Noun on.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600637
+
\noun default
Like
\family sans
Caps
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you have chosen a new character style via the
+So you have a huge number of combinations to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600660
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600660
+select
+\change_unchanged
+ from.
+ Once you have
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600674
+chosen a new character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600725
+applied a text property
+\change_unchanged
+ via the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
(
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
-) dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them by using the toolbar button
+) dialog, the settings are
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600733
+temporarily
+\change_unchanged
+saved.
+ You can activate the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600738
+m
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600745
+ last applied properties
+\change_unchanged
+ by using the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "textstyle-apply"
\end_inset
.
- The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
- isn't visible.
+ The button lets you apply
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600766
+your custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600778
+those
+\change_unchanged
+even when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905101
+ A press on the button will apply the most recent setting again, a press
+ on the down-arrow will open a menu with the (max.
+ 20) most recently applied settings, from which you can select one.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+To completely reset the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600787
+character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600823
+text properties of a selection
+\change_unchanged
+ to the default, use
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917704
+ either
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545917700
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917733
+ or select
+\family sans
+Reset to default
+\family default
+ from the menu of the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600803
+If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed (suppose
+ you just set the shape to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Apply
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
You should also know something about the differences between the three main
font types
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Typewriter
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Serif
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Sans serif
\family default
is not recommended for use as a base type.
This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600873
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
), no matter how many times you apply the style.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+We conclude
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607667
+this section
+\change_unchanged
+with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts! They are, more
+ often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\family default
is the Mac label for the right
\family sans
-Alt
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-/ AltGr
+Alt
\family default
key).
- Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
-\family default
- or with the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-unicode-insert
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- \SpecialChar LyX
- function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
- and 2014 for the en dash).
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
\family default
- or the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+ or using the
+\family typewriter
unicode-insert
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family default
\SpecialChar LyX
- function.
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z; pages
+A–Z; pages
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Dashes and line breaks
+Dashes and Line Breaks
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Whether line breaks around dashes are allowed depends on the use case and
- locale:
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-No line breaks are allowed in ranges of values like A–Z or 1975–1982.
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When using spaced en dashes
-\begin_inset space ~
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-- common in British English
-\begin_inset space ~
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-- line breaks before the dash can be prevented with protected spaces.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When using em dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-one can insert
- optional line breaks with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Optional line break
-\family default
-.
+ (-- and ---).
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows line breaks after hyphens
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782973
+,
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782983
+ and these
+\change_unchanged
+ en-dashes and em-dashes.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select the
- option
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
-
-\family default
-This forces the output of dashes as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
---
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+– common in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
----
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
- The \SpecialChar TeX
- font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
- by an optional line break.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Caution:
+– can be prevented using protected spaces.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-This results in optional line breaks after
+Unwanted line breaks
\series bold
-all
+after
\series default
- en and em dashes.
- Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+ dashes
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782702
+must
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782715
+can
+\change_unchanged
+ be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
nobreakdash
\series default
in \SpecialChar TeX
- code.
- Examples:
+ code
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782753
+, a protected space does not suffice
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ Examples
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782332
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782431
+It is generally recommended to set the correct language for text parts not
+ in the document language.
+ We don't do this here to prevent a dependency on LaTeX support for French
+ and Spanish.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-369–378
+36–39
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\lang french
Les incises
\begin_inset Box Frameless
position "t"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang french
–
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\lang spanish
En una frase
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
\begin_inset space ~
log.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
- fonts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Xe\SpecialChar TeX
- provides the
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-XeTeXdashbreakstate
-\series default
- setting.
- The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
- The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
-\family typewriter
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+ the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
\family default
-\series default
- into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble.
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code).
+ Example:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+– sont très utiles.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Em dashes in
-\family typewriter
-typewriter
-\family default
- fonts become
-\family typewriter
-–-
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
----
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
\family default
- in the output.
+:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Since \SpecialChar LyX
-
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2, -- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
- to dashes.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
-, text
- export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+).
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
+ or en dashes (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- Occurrences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes.
- This led to different line breaks in some documents.
- \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
\end_inset
-2.3 provides the option
-\family sans
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
-\family default
- in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts.
+).
+\end_layout
-\family default
- It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changes and backwards compatibility
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
-'s dash handling:
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ retain the line-break properties of hyphens while literal dash characters
+ are regarded by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2 documents, you must manually unselect
-\family sans
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in documents from earlier versions are converted to literal dash characters
+ (except in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
\family default
- to ensure unchanged behavior.
+ font); typed in consecutive hyphens are merged to dash characters immediately
+ after the input (unless the current text font is
+\family typewriter
+type
+\family default
+writer).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The behavior was changed since
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx --help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ became
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx –help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
+ An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+ This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you used both, literal and ligature dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
-
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
- shown above to restore the correct line breaking behaviour.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
- documents that follow literal
- em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3.
- If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
- space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+2.3 outputs
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default.
+ When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+2.2 or earlier and containing literal dash characters not followed by whitespace,
+ the setting
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
+\series bold
+Warning:
+\series default
+ If you used both literal and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
following the rules of the document language.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not hyphenate text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can use a protected
- hyphen (
+ as a line break possibility.
+ A line break at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being broken, you can use a protected hyphen
+ (
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\family default
.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288358
+, and you can select a specific (border) style
+\change_unchanged
+.
The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
from the rest of the table.
This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288479
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288540
+This corresponds to the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Grid with Head
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ table style listed in the style selection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288387
+Other available styles include:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288551
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+simple grid
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ which looks line the above table, but without the first row being separated
+ via double line,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288764
+a border-less table with no lines at all,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554289543
+and a so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+formal table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as often used in professional publishing with horizontal lines only and
+ bold top/bottom lines (see
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual, section
+\emph on
+Formal Tables
+\emph default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288823
+The default style used in the dialog as well as the style used by the toolbar
+ button can be changed in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Layout
+\family default
+.
+ So if the default style above is not the one you need, you should alter
+ this setting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
, versus
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
You can insert them via the
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+List/Contents/References
\family default
submenus.
The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org
+https://www.lyx.org
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
-\backslash
-#Character_set
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
+ In order to do so,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1555659455
+the label needs to be given the form
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\emph default
a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
the year.
- Then, if you select
+ Then, if you
+\change_unchanged
+select
\family sans
Natbib
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660530
+.
+ Once you have done that, the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog has three input fields instead of the
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field:
+\family sans
+ Author Names
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Year
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+.
+ The first one takes the Author list as it should be displayed in the citation
+ reference, the second the year (without parentheses).
+ These two are madatory.
+ If there are multiple authors and you want to both refer to them as a full
+ list (
+\emph on
+Baker, Jones, and Williams
+\emph default
+) and in abrreviated form (
+\emph on
+Baker et al.
+\emph default
+)
+\change_unchanged
+,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660544
+ add the abbreviated form to
+\family sans
+Author Names
+\family default
+ and the full list to the optional
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ field.
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555659886
+If specified like this,
+\change_unchanged
+you can select between different author-year or author-number styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660646
+ in the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog, and if
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ is specified, toggling
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+All authors
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the citation dialog or the citation context menu will switch between
+ full and abbreviated list
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660793
+ Note that the author and year specified in the dialog are only used for
+ the citation references.
+ In the bibliography entry, author and year must be added manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+https://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
\end_layout
\end_inset
, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
in the document or just the cited references.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1530969762
+ The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ drop box lets you specify the encoding of the database(s), should this
+ differ from the encoding of the document.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
literal "false"
\end_inset
: Use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bib(la)TeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family sans
style
\family default
- file.
+ file
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045799
+ at this place
+\change_unchanged
+.
The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045867
+ As for the styles, note the following.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
example how its heading will appear).
- These options are deescribed in detail in the
+ These options are described in detail in the
\series bold
biblatex
\series default
The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Index
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
list in
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+List/Contents/References
\family default
and the
\family sans
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
are automatically translated for most document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
+ If not, add these lines in front of the nomenclature list as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+unskip, see equation
\backslash
nobreakspace(#1)}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+unskip, page
\backslash
nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the numbers should be hyperlinks, assure that you use
+\family sans
+Hyperref
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Support
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Properties
+\family default
+ and use instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see
+\backslash
+hyperlink{equation.#1}{equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}(#1)}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- by their translation.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
To print the nomenclature, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Nomenclature
\family default
.
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+AtBeginDocument{
+\backslash
+addto
+\backslash
+captionsenglish{
\backslash
-nomname}{List of Symbols}
+def
+\backslash
+nomname{List of Symbols}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you are using another document language than English, replace
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+captionsenglish
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+extras***
+\series default
+, where *** is the name of the language used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
\end_layout
\end_inset
should use for spell checking.
Depending on your platform,
\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
hunspell
\family default
or
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+target "https://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.idx
+th_en_US_v2.idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.dat
+th_en_US_v2.dat
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
them from here:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/
\end_layout
\end_inset
This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353209
+ Furthermore, templates can provide text structures and fragments for recurring
+ writing tasks.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Click there on a file to open it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352812
+Open Example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352848
+This menu entry gives you quick access to all \SpecialChar LyX
+ example files.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Close
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352868
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352875
+Save As Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352904
+Saves the document in the appropriate templates directory for later use
+ as a template.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Text Style
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Layout
\family default
dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756614
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756624
+Text Properties
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+This sub-menu provides several ways to customize the appearance of text
+ passages.
+ You can
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756657
+Customize text properties by means of the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog (via
+\family sans
+Customize\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\family default
+; this is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756942
+Apply the last settings done in this dialog via
+\family sans
+Apply last settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+Change the casing of selected text (
+\family sans
+Capitalize
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Uppercase
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Lowercase
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756641
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756787
+This sub-menu only appears the document class or a module provides custom
+ text styles (in the case of this document:
+\family sans
+Code
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Strong
+\family default
+, provided by the
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ module).
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-
-\family sans
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for an explanation.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
The View Menu
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+In this menu entry you can set the icon size and the appearance of the different
+ toolbars.
All toolbars and the
\family sans
Command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-List/TOC
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459357
+Field
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459959
+Here you can insert fields holding specific information.
+ The submenu allows you to insert
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460018
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current date (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460347
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the date of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647074
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static date that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647089
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current time (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647093
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the time of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647133
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static time that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647170
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Excl.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Extension) inserts the name of the current file (without the extension .lyx)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647240
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name inserts the user name as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647259
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Email inserts the user email address as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460561
+Other\SpecialChar ldots
+ opens a dialog that lets you insert alternative formats of the three
+ date types listed above and insert a range of other information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+List/Contents/References
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
document class.
An example is the document class
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354540
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-article (Elsevier)
+article (
+\change_unchanged
+
+\emph on
+Elsevier
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354543
+
+\emph default
+)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
with three custom insets.
The section
\emph on
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menu items are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive
+ environments of the same type.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Short Title
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Date
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Inserts the actual date.
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
\align left
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905310
+
+\family default
+or
+\family sans
+ Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste Recent
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Emphasize text, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758222
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Set text to noun style, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900859
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-char-styles"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900930
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Text Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545899987
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545900001
Format text using the current settings in the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
dialog
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900837
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-custom-insets"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900953
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="26" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545899981
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900045
+Format text using the recent settings in the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901299
+
\family sans
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
arg "update-others"
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901301
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901302
* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
icon set.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
literal "false"
\end_inset
justifies the text on screen.
This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
not in the output.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288869
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288904
+The
+\family sans
+Default Style
+\family default
+ setting in
+\family sans
+Table Style
+\family default
+ lets you select which style newly inserted tables should use by default.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-commands (this can fail if a \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command is not known for
a particular character).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557594829
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596095
+By default, \SpecialChar LyX
+ outputs \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files in Unicode – or utf8, for that matter (which
+ is nowadays also \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s default encoding).
+ This should normally fit your needs, since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s Unicode support covers the
+ characters of most scripts.
+ Nonetheless it is not yet comprehensive, so there might be cases where
+ using one of the traditional, or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+legacy
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, encodings is necessary.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596136
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ provides support for these traditional encodings.
+ If you chose
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Encodings
+\family default
+ dropdown, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically selects the appropriate traditional encoding for
+ the given language(s).
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
If you use the option
\family sans
Language Default
\family default
, \SpecialChar LyX
determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.
- If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
- than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\change_unchanged
+If the document contains text in more than one language you
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557595342
+thus
+\change_unchanged
+may get more than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
file.
- If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595350
+If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
exactly one encoding.
Checking this option is the preferred setting.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596155
+As a third option, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ selection.
+ If this is chosen, any character outside the 7bit ASCII range will be output
+ as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645585
+Finally, you can also select
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+, which lets you specify a specific (single) encoding for the whole document.
+ Note that this encoding is then used for
+\emph on
+any
+\emph default
+ language.
+ The custom list (which is spelled out below) consists of traditional encodings
+ and some special cases of Unicode for specific purposes (see explanation
+ below).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645268
+The
+\family sans
+Do not load inputenc
+\family default
+ checkbox does what it states: It prevents \SpecialChar LyX
+ from automatically loading the
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645185
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This option might be useful if you use a class or package that pre-loads
+ inputenc or if inputenc must not be used for some reason.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Note that this option is only available for the standard
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ encodings.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596063
\SpecialChar LyX
also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
Language Default
\family default
fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557645284
Language
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
languages in \SpecialChar TeX
code.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
commands, which may result in a big
file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-commands are needed.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596221
+ This is the same as the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ option in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
(for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596410
+.
+ This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
- (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+ (
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596443
+comprehensive,
+\change_unchanged
+including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596475
+ This used to be more comprehensive than
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8)
+\family default
+, but meanwhile it is rather outdated.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
.
- Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596266
+Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
is supported.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596400
+This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with non-CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620045
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620379
+You can typeset lines numbering in the output file by enabling the checkbox
+ at the bottom.
+ The functionality is handled by package lineno and and additional options
+ of this package can be used as well.
+ The most common one are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620630
+right Line numbers to the right margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620589
+switch Line number to the outer margin (left – even pages, right – odd pages)
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620637
+switch* Line numbers to the inner margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620780
+modulo Print numbers only on multiples of five lines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620792
+displaymath,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mathlines Line numbers for math environments (both options needed).
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Float Placement
+Float
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030304
+Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030306
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The float placement options are described in the section
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030352
+Here you can set global float placement and alignment options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030366
+The float placement options
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030367
+Details
+\change_unchanged
+ are described in the section
\emph on
Float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526031799
Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526031800
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
\emph default
of the
\emph on
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "this image"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
literal "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
-\family default
- enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
- needs to redraw the screen less often.
- This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
- On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
- So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
- aesthetics.
- Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-OS and Windows.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Colors
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
+templates This directory
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354019
+contains the templates that are shown
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354025
+will be opened when you use the menu
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354026
+in
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-files This directory will be opened when you use the button
+files This directory
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354035
+will be opened when you use the
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354048
+contains the example files that are listed in
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352959
+button
\family sans
Examples
\family default
- in the
+ in the
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352950
+ Example
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352963
+
\family default
- dialog.
+ dialog
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354004
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
You can find its actual translation status here:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/I18n"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1534601711
Date
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
prints the date as day/month/year.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413534
Use
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\SpecialChar LyX
sets up in the background.
So there is no need to change the default encoding.
+\change_unchanged
+
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-
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-
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-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Alejandro Aguilar Sierra
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Amir Karger
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
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-David Johnson
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Hartmut Haase
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Ignacio García
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Ivan Schreter
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-
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-John Raithel
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
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-John Weiss
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
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-Lars Gullik Bjønnes
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
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-Matthias Ettrich
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Matthias Zenker
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Rich Fields
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Pascal André
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
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-\noun on
-Paul Evans
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
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-\noun on
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Robin Socha
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-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\noun on
-Uwe Stöhr
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-
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-
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-
-
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literal "false"
\end_inset
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\backslash
renewcommand*{
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\backslash
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\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink.
+This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink, see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
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+
+ for more info.
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projects / lyx.git / blobdiff