-#LyX 1.5.2svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 276
+#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 338
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrbook
\begin_preamble
% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
%
-% I've designed this preamble to ensure that the User's Guide prints
+% This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints
% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
% parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you
% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
% the documentation team
% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
-% provides missing characters,
-% see note in chapter 'Character Tables'
-\usepackage{textcomp}
-\usepackage{wasysym}
-
\usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle
\ifpdf % if pdflatex is used
- % set fonts for nicer pdf view
- \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{%
- \usepackage[scaled=0.92]{helvet}
- \usepackage{mathptmx}
- \usepackage{courier} }
- % the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
- % and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
- \pagenumbering{roman}
- \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
- \renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
- \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{}
- \myTOC
- \cleardoublepage
- \pagenumbering{arabic} }
- % link all cross references and URLs in pdf output
- \usepackage[colorlinks=true, bookmarks, bookmarksnumbered,
- linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,
- pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,
- pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels,
- pdfauthor={LyX Team}, pdftex,
- pdftitle={The LyX User's Guide},pdfsubject={LyX},
- pdfkeywords={LyX}]{hyperref}
-
-\else % if dvi or ps is produced
-
- % link all cross references and URLs in dvi output
- \usepackage[ps2pdf]{hyperref}
-
- % the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
- \pagenumbering{roman}
- \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
- \renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
- \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{}
- \myTOC
- \clearpage
- \pagenumbering{arabic} }
-
-\fi
+ % set fonts for nicer pdf view
+ \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
+
+\fi % end if pdflatex is used
+
+% for correct jump positions whe clicking on a link to a float
+\usepackage[figure]{hypcap}
+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
+% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
+\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \frontmatter
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
+ \myTOC
+ \mainmatter }
% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
{LyX }}
-
% define a short command for \textvisiblespace
\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
+
+% macro for italic page numbers in the index
+\newcommand{\IndexDef}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+
+% redefine the greyed out note
+\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
+ {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
\end_preamble
-\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7mm
+\options intoc,bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7mm,tablecaptionabove
\language english
-\inputencoding latin1
+\inputencoding auto
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
+
\graphics default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_title "The LyX User's Guide"
+\pdf_author "LyX Team"
+\pdf_subject "LyX"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX"
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
+\pdf_bookmarksopen false
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder false
+\pdf_colorlinks true
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pagebackref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle false
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels,pdftex"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 1
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
\paperorientation portrait
+\branch Question
+\selected 1
+\color #00ff00
+\end_branch
+\branch Answer
+\selected 0
+\color #aa55ff
+\end_branch
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
tion mailing list:
-\family typewriter
-lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\newline
-Version 1.5.2
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Version 1.6svn
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-To export this document as pdf, ps or dvi, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
- has to be installed.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This package should be part of all popular LaTeX-distributions.
+
+\series bold
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand tableofcontents
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For a brief description of all LyX menus and toolbar buttons, have a look
- at appendix\InsetSpace ~
+ at Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "cha:The-User-Interface"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Basic LyX Setup
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
\end_inset
It uses this knowledge to give reasonable defaults to several
\family sans
Preferences
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preferences
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
settings.
Although this configuration has already been done when LyX was installed
new LaTeX classes, and which are not seen by LyX.
To force LyX to re-inspect your system, you should use
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Reconfigure
\family default
.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
You should then restart LyX to ensure that the changes are taken into account.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
LaTeX Setup
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
{}
\end_layout
\emph on
-eX\InsetSpace ~
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Configuration
\emph default
that will be created when using the menu
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX\InsetSpace ~
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Configuration
\family default
.
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The two braces in the ERT box prevent that the term
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The two braces in the TeX Code box prevent that the term
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
is printed with sub- and superscript letters.
- More on ERT is described in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+ More about TeX Code is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
\end_inset
-, the printout of proper names like LaTeX is explained in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+, the printout of proper names like LaTeX is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\begin_layout Section
Basic File Operations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File Operations"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File Operations
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
File
\family default
- menu are basic operations for any word processor in addition to some more
- advanced operations:
+ menu and in the standard toolbar are basic operations for any word processor
+ in addition to some more advanced operations:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-New
+New
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-new.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-New\InsetSpace ~
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
from
\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\bar default
Template
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Open
+Open
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/file-open.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Save
+Save
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-write.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Save\InsetSpace ~
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
As
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Revert\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
saved
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Version\InsetSpace ~
+Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Control
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Print
+Print
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 24bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The
\family sans
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New\InsetSpace ~
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
from
\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\bar default
Template
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
- (see sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:doc-classes"
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
-Revert\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
saved
\family default
and
\family sans
-Version\InsetSpace ~
+Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Control
\family default
- are is useful if more people work on the same document at the same time
+ are useful if more people work on the same document at the same time
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
If you plan to do this, you should check out the Version Control feature
in LyX also.
Read
.
\family sans
-Revert\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
saved
\family default
will reload the document from disk.
and want to restore it to the last save.
With
\family sans
- Version\InsetSpace ~
+ Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Control
\family default
you can there register the changes you made to a document so that others
\begin_layout Section
Basic Editing Features
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Editing"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Editing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
\end_inset
\family sans
Edit
\family default
- menu has the cut and paste commands, along with various other editing features.
+ menu and the standard toolbar has the cut and paste commands, along with
+ various other editing features.
Some of these are special and covered in later sections.
The basic ones are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Cut
+Cut
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Copy
+Copy
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Paste
+Paste
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Paste\InsetSpace ~
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Recent
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Special
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Cut
\family default
command.
- Also, if you've selected text, be careful.
- If you hit a key, LyX will completely delete the selected text and replace
- it with what you just typed.
+ Also, if you've selected text, be careful: If you hit a key, LyX will completel
+y delete the selected text and replace it with what you just typed.
You'll have to do an
\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Undo
\family default
to get back the lost text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paste
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+You can also copy text between LyX and other programs by cut, copy and paste.
The submenu of
\family sans
-Paste\InsetSpace ~
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Recent
\family default
shows you a list with the last strings you have pasted.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Special\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Text, Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lines
+\family default
+ will insert the text in the clipboard so that the whole text is inserted
+ as
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ paragraph.
+ A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file.
+ Without
+\family sans
+Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lines
+\family default
+, the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text
+ will start a new paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Replace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Find
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
The
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Replace
\family default
item opens the
\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-and\InsetSpace ~
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Replace
\family default
dialog.
\family default
button replaces the selected text with the contents of the
\family sans
-Replace\InsetSpace ~
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
with
\family default
field.
You can click the
\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Next
\family default
button to skip the current word.
Hit
\family sans
-Replace\InsetSpace ~
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
All
\family default
to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.
The
\family sans
-Case\InsetSpace ~
+Case
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
sensitive
\family default
option can be used if you want the search to consider the case of the search
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Things like notes, floats, etc., the so called insets can be dissolved.
+ This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal
+ text.
+ Dissolving an inset is done by setting the cursor to the beginning of an
+ inset and pressing
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ or by setting the cursor to the end and pressing
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Undo and Redo
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Redo"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Redo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Undo
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Undo"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
\end_inset
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Undo
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
to undo some mistake.
- If you accidently undo too much, use
+ If you accidentally undo too much, use
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Redo
\family default
+ ot the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100 steps to minimise memory
- overhead.
-
+ The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+steps to minimize memory overhead.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
status of the document is unfortunately not reset.
- This is a consequence of the 100 step undo limit, above.
+ This is a consequence of the 100
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+step undo limit, above.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+
\family sans
Undo
\family default
Redo
\family default
work on almost everything in LyX.
- They have some quirks, too.
- They won't
-\family sans
-Undo
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Redo
-\family default
- text character by character, but by blocks of text.
- That can take some getting used to; you'll have to play with
-\family sans
-Undo
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Redo
-\family default
- to get a feel for just how much they'll undo/redo, and after time, you'll
- surely appreciate how it works.
+ But they won't undo or redo text character by character, but by blocks
+ of text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Mouse Operations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Mouse Operations"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mouse Operations
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Section
+Navigating
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Navigating"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Navigating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers you two ways to navigate in documents:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The menu
+\family sans
+Navigate
+\family default
+ lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can click
+ to jump to the corresponding document part.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The outline window shows you the content of the document's table of contents
+ (TOC) that is described in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-of-Contents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can click there on entries to jump to the corresponding document part.
+ In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
+ different lists of document objects, like the list of footnotes.
+ Some of them, the list of tables, figures, and algorithms can also be added
+ to the document, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the buttons
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/down.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length -3mm
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/up.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length -3mm
+\end_inset
+
+ at the bottom of the outline window you can change the position of sections
+ in your document.
+ So you can for example move section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 before section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4.
+ LyX will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.
+ With the buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/promote.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/demote.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you can change the sectioning level of sections.
+ So you can for example make section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3 or subsection
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4.1.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Basic Key Bindings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec: key bindings"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Key-Bindings"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Key Bindings"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Key Bindings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We're not going to cover all of the keybindings.
- Be aware that there are at least two different primary binding maps: CUA
- and Emacs.
+There are at least two different primary binding maps: CUA and Emacs.
LyX's default is CUA.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Some keys, like
\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Up
\family default
,
\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Down
\family default
,
\family sans
Tab
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Tab"
+description "Tabulator key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
There is no such thing as a tab stop in LyX.
- If you don't understand this, go read Sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parindentintro"
+ If you don't understand this, go read sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
\end_inset
-, especially Section\InsetSpace ~
+, especially section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Lists"
\end_inset
\family sans
Esc
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Esc"
+description "Escape key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\family sans
Home
\family default
-\InsetSpace ~
-and\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\family sans
End
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "C"
+description "Control key"
+
\end_inset
in the documentation files) This has a couple of different uses, depending
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "S"
+description "Shift key"
+
\end_inset
in the documentation files) Use this with any of the motion keys to select
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "M"
+description "Meta or Alt key"
+
\end_inset
in the documentation files) This is the Alt key on many keyboards, unless
your keyboard has a distinct Meta key.
- If you have you have both keys, you will need to try out which one actually
- performs the
+ If you have both keys, you will need to try out which one actually performs
+ the
\family sans
Meta-
\family default
\family sans
-M\InsetSpace ~
-e\InsetSpace ~
+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+e
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
s
\family default
-\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\family sans
c
\family sans
-M\InsetSpace ~
+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
f
\family default
because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar at the
bottom of LyX's main window which describe the name of the action, you've
just triggered, and any existing keybindings for that action.
+ The LyX menus also list the defined keybindings.
The notation for the keybindings is very similar to the notation used in
this documentation, so you should not have any problems understanding it.
However, notice that Shift-modifiers are explicitly mentioned, so
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can list or change the keybindings in the LyX preferences under
+\family sans
+Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Shortcuts
+\family default
+.
+ The preferences are opened with the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Chapter
LyX Basics
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "LyX ! Basics"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Basics
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Document Types
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Types"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Types
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-The Various Document Classes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Classes"
+Document Classes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Classes
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:doc-classes"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
{}
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-curiculum\InsetSpace ~
-vitae classes to create curriculum vitaes
+curiculum
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+vitae classes to create curriculum vitae
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Dinbrief Letters in format of the german DIN (german industry norm)
+Dinbrief Letters in format of the DIN (German industry norm)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\family typewriter
Die TeXnische Komödie
\family default
-, the journal of the german TeX user Group (Dante)
+, the journal of the German TeX user Group (Dante)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-g-brief Letters in format of the german DIN (german industry norm)
+g-brief Letters in format of the DIN (German industry norm)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
{}
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-SPIE\InsetSpace ~
+SPIE
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society
for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
\end_layout
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
dialog.
Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
you may need.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Modules"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Modules
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Layout Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since LyX 1.6, layout modules can be used to add additional features to a
+ document without the user's having to include those features in a new layout
+ file.
+ The available modules are listed in the Available Modules pane of the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Highlighting one of them will bring up a description of the module.
+ Please note that some modules require LaTeX packages that are not always
+ installed by default.
+ LyX will warn you if you do not have the needed package.
+ Note also that some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules
+ are incompatible.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Properties
\end_layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Max.\InsetSpace ~
+Max.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
sectioning level
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
Subsubsection
\family default
headings, and so on.
- We'll describe these headings fully in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+ We'll describe these headings fully in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Headings"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Document Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Layout"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Document-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
Settings
\family default
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
+ There in the
\family sans
Options
\family default
- field, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separat
-ed list.
+ field under
+\family sans
+Documents
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+classes
+\family default
+, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated
+ list.
This is only necessary if LyX doesn't support special options you want
to use for your document.
To learn more about your favorite LaTeX-class and its options, you have
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+Under
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ the
\family sans
Pagestyle
\family default
\family default
This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
have the
-\family sans
+\series bold
fancyhdr
-\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
package installed.
At the moment, support in LyX is limited to this setting.
- To use the full power of this package, you have to resort to magic codes
- in your preamble.
+ To use the full power of this package, you have to add code to your document
+ preamble.
Check the documentation for the
-\family sans
+\series bold
fancyhdr
-\family default
- package for more details.
+\series default
+ package for more details,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "fancyhdr"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Separation
\family default
- of paragraphs is described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+ of paragraphs is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parindentintro"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Paper Size and Orientation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Paper size"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Paper size
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You'll find the following options in the menu
\family sans
-Paper
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
\family default
of the dialog of the
\family sans
Settings
\family default
menu:
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also two check-boxes in the menu:
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Two-column\InsetSpace ~
-document
-\family default
- Prints the document in two columns per page.
- Note that LyX won't show two columns on screen.
- That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- However, there will be two columns in the generated output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+Two-sided
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Two-sided\InsetSpace ~
document
\family default
Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.
\begin_layout Subsection
Margins
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Margins"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Margins
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Margins"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margins
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Settings
\family default
.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you use a koma-script document class, you can use the default settings.
Because koma-script calculates then the printspace automatically by taking
- the paper format and the font size into consideration.
+ the paper format and the font size into account.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Section
Paragraph Indentation and Separation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph ! Indentation"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Indentation
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Introduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:parindentintro"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Par-indent-intro"
\end_inset
\emph default
indented.
Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
- Note that the indentation behaviour is different when you use another document
+ Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document
language than English.
LaTeX takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the used language.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
LaTeX does this when LyX goes to produce a printable file.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Global Indentation
+Paragraph Separation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Separation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To select the default method of separating paragraphs, select
+To separate paragraphs, select
\family sans
Indent
\family default
\family default
in the submenu
\family sans
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Layout
\family default
of the dialog
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
to indent paragraphs or add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
+ The size of the skips can be defined in the dialog, for the indentation
+ you have to add this line to your document preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+parindent}{Length}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where length is a value in one of the units listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The default length is 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Open the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
\family default
dialog and toggle the
\family sans
-Don't indent
+Indent
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Paragraph
\family default
- button to change the state of the current paragraph.
+ option to change the state of the current paragraph.
If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling
this).
\begin_layout Subsection
Line Spacing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph ! Line spacing"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Line spacing
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- dialog you can set the spacing in the submenu
+ dialog you can set the line spacing in the submenu
\family sans
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Layout.
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Layout.
\family default
- You need to have the LaTeX-package
-\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You need to have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
setspace
-\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! setspace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
installed to use this feature.
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Paragraph Environments
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph ! Environments"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Environments
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph environments|("
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|(
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The paragraph environments correspond to the various
+Paragraph environments correspond to the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\series bold
\backslash
begin{
-\family default
\emph on
environment
-\family typewriter
\emph default
} ...
\backslash
end{
-\family default
\emph on
environment
-\family typewriter
\emph default
}
-\family default
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\newline
-command sequences in an ordinary LaTeX file.
+command sequence in LaTeX files.
If you don't know LaTeX, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
alien to you, we urge you to read the
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box on the left
- end of the toolbar.
+To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ scale 70
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+ at the left end of the toolbar.
LyX will change the environment of the
\emph on
entire
.
LyX will still reset the nesting depth, however.
Usually, starting a new paragraph resets both the paragraph environment
- and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+ and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Document Title
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document !Title"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document !Title
+\end_layout
\end_inset
Note that using this environment is optional.
If you don't provide any, LaTeX will automatically insert today's date.
If you don't want any date, add the line
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
date{}
\series default
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
to the preamble of your document (menu
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_layout Subsection
Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Section headings"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Headings"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Numbered Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Section headings ! Numbered"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Numbered
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
LyX labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
The numbers describe where in the document you are.
- Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with latin letters.
+ Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\emph on
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
Note:
-\emph default
- not all document types use the
+\series default
+ Not all document types use the
\family sans
Chapter
\family default
heading as the maximum sectioning level.
- In that case, the
+ In that case the
\family sans
Section
\family default
is the top-level heading.
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
So, if you use the
\family sans
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Unnumbered Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Section headings ! Unnumbered"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Unnumbered
+\end_layout
\end_inset
after each name means that these headings are not numbered.
They work the same as their numbered counterparts but won't appear in the
- table of contents, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+ table of contents, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:toc"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Changing the Numbering
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:numbering-depth"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Numbering-depth"
\end_inset
Settings
\family default
dialog.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
Under
\family sans
-Numbering&TOC
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC
\family default
you'll see two counters.
The one named
\family sans
-Section
+Numbering
\family default
controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy LyX numbers a section
heading.
The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table
of contents.
- Unfortunately, the numbers you can choose are not intuitive.
- Table\InsetSpace ~
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Values-of-the"
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Short Titles of Headings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Short titles
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- explain all possible values.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
+\begin_inset OptArg
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Values-of-the"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Short Titles
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Values of the numbering depth
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Short-Titles"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
+ This can cause troubles when there is limited horizontal space.
+ For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
+ title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+LaTeX allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
+ This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
+ avoiding the problem mentioned.
+ To specify a short title, use the menu
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Num
-\series default
-\shape default
-\size default
-\emph default
-\bar default
-\noun default
-bering
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
- Depth
-\end_layout
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Short
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Title
+\family default
+.
+ This will insert a box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+opt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-LyX numbers these
-\end_layout
+ (stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+optional
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+) which you can use to enter the short title text.
+ This also works for captions inside floats.
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-value
+\begin_layout Standard
+The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Special Information
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The following information applies to all section headings:
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-section headings
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can only use inline math in these environments.
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--2
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Quotes and Poetryline spacing
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
+ They are
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+.
+ Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
+ These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
+ They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
+ the text they contain.
+ They also allow nesting, so you can put a
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ in a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-no numbering of any kind
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
+
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ reset to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ when you start a new paragraph.
+ So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
+ Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
+ to change back to the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment yourself.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--1
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Quote"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Parts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotation
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--0 and 0
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Chapters
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Sections
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Subsections
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Subsubsections
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Paragraphs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-5
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Subparagraphs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The increasing numbers are cumulative: a setting of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-0
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- will number parts and chapters, while
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- will number parts, chapters, sections, and subsections.
- Of course, if you're using a document class that doesn't use chapter headings
- (
-\emph on
-e.g.
-
-\emph default
- the default article class), then the values 0 and -1 have the same effect.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Suppose you want to number
-\emph on
-all
-\emph default
- sectioning heading, but you only want
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-s,
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-s, and
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
-s in the Table of Contents.
- You have to set the value of
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-5
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\family sans
-the value of Table of contents
-\family default
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Short Titles of Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Section headings ! Short titles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset OptArg
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Short Titles
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Short-Titles"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
- This can cause troubles when there is limited horizontal space.
- For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
- title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
- This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
- avoiding the problem mentioned.
- To specify a short title, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Short\InsetSpace ~
-Title
-\family default
-.
- This will insert a box labelled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-opt
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- (stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-optional
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-) which you can use to enter the short title text.
- This also works for captions inside floats.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Special Information
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following information applies to all section headings:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can only use inlined math in these environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Quotes and Poetryline spacing
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
- They are
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
-.
- Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
- These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
- They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
- the text they contain.
- They also allow nesting, so you can put a
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- in a
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
-
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- when you start a new paragraph.
- So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
- Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
- to change back to the
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment yourself.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:quote"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Quotation"
-
\end_inset
Verse
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph ! Verse"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Verse
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Poetry"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Poetry
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:Verse"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Verse
This is in Verse
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Which I did not rehearse!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
To break a line
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
And make things look fine
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Use
\family sans
C-Return
\begin_layout Subsection
Lists
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lists"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:Lists"
\end_inset
Standard
\family default
but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
- The nesting depth is typically reset, however.
- If you want to keep both the current nesting depth and paragraph environment,
- you should use
+ The nesting depth is not also kept.
+ If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting
+ depth, you can use
\family sans
M-Return
\family default
In fact, LyX changes the labels on some list items depending on how it
is nested.
If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
- you read all of section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+ you read all of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
Itemize
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lists ! Itemize"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Itemize
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:itemize"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Itemize"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
Bullets
\family default
.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
- in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
Enumerate
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lists ! Enumerate"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Enumerate
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:enumerate"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Enumerate"
\end_inset
Enumerate
\family default
environments than we've stated here.
- You should read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+ You should read section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
Description
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lists ! Description"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Description
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:descrlist"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Description-List"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now, you're probably wondering what we mean by,
+With the first
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-uses the first 'word'
+word
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- The
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key does not add a whitespace character, but separates words from one another.
- Inside of a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment, the
+ it is meant that the first hit of the
\family sans
Space
\family default
- key tells LyX to end the label if we are at the beginning of the first
- line of an item.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-However, what if you want or need to use more than one word in the label
- of a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment? Simple: use a
+ key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an
+ item.
+ If you need to use more than one word in the label use a
\family sans
Protected Blank
\family default
or the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Fotrmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Space
\family default
-.
- See sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Protected-blanks"
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Protected-Space"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Second\InsetSpace ~
+Second
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Example: This one shows how to use a
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Blank
\family default
in the label of a
List
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Lists ! LyX list"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Lyx@LyX list
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:lyxlist"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:LyX-List"
\end_inset
List
\family default
environment has user-defined labels for each list item.
- There are the properties of this list environment:
+ There are the following properties of this list environment:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-item\InsetSpace ~
+item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
labels LyX uses the first
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-label\InsetSpace ~
-width LyX uses one of two things for the left margin: the width of
- the label, or the default width, whichever is larger.
+label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width LyX uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is
+ larger.
If the label width is larger, the label
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-default\InsetSpace ~
-width You can very easily set this default width.
- So you can easily ensure that the text of all items in a
+default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all
+ items in a
\family sans
List
\family default
environment have the same left margin.
-\newline
-To change the default width, select
- the items in the list.
- You can also simply move the cursor into a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- item if you want to change only its label width.
- Now open the tab
-\family sans
-Lines\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Pagebreaks
-\family default
- of the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To change the default width, select all items in the list.
+ Now open the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Paragraph
-\family default
-
-\family sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Settings
\family default
-.
+ dialog.
The text in the box
\family sans
-Longest\InsetSpace ~
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
label
\family default
determines the default label width.
- You can use the text of your largest label here, but you don't need to.
- We recommend using the letter
+ You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the
+ letter
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- multiple times.
- It's the widest character and is a standard unit of width in LaTeX.
- The default label width in the example
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- is 6
+ multiple times instead.
+ The M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in LaTeX.
+ By using
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-s wide.
- Using
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-M
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of
+\family sans
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- as your unit of width in the
-\family sans
-Label\InsetSpace ~
-Width
-\family default
- box has one more advantage: you don't need to keep changing the contents
- of
-\family sans
-Longest\InsetSpace ~
label
\family default
every time you alter a label in a
List
\family default
environment.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The predefined default width is the length of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (equal to 6 M).
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Setting the cursor into a list item to change only its label width will
+ only change the width inside LyX but not in the output.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-uses You should use the
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should use the
\family sans
List
\family default
- environment the same way you'd use the
+ environment the same way like the
\family sans
Description
\family default
- list: when you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
+ list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
it.
The
\family sans
layout.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-nesting You can nest
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can nest
\family sans
List
\family default
environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
so on.
They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
- Read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+ Read section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, this is a feature-packed paragraph environment!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's yet another feature of the
+There is yet another feature of the
\family sans
List
\family default
- environment we need to tell you about.
- As you can see in the examples, LyX left-justifies the item labels by default.
+ environment: As you can see in the examples, LyX left-justifies the item
+ labels by default.
You can use additional
\family sans
HFills
\family default
to change how LyX justifies the item label.
- We'll document
+
\family sans
-HFills
+Hfills
\family default
- later in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+ are documented in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
Right One
\family sans
HFill
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\hfill
Center
-\hfill
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
One
\family sans
HFill
\begin_layout Subsection
Letters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Letters"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Letters
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
: An Overview
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
.
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
for letters only.
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Usage
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:adress_usage"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Address-Usage"
\end_inset
for the opening and signature in some countries.
Similarly, the
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
\begin_layout Right Address
Right Address
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Who I am
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Where I am
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
When is it? What is today?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
That was
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
.
\begin_layout Address
Who are you
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Where do I send this
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Your post office and country
\end_layout
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
\family default
or
\family sans
-Formatting\InsetSpace ~
+Formatting
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Line\InsetSpace ~
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Break
\family default
from the
\family default
or
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
environment.
\family sans
Abstract
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Abstracts"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Abstracts
+\end_layout
\end_inset
sideways false
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/Abstract.pdf
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
\end_inset
\end_inset
class, we can't do this.
- We inserted it therefore as figure\InsetSpace ~
+ We inserted it therefore as figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
\end_inset
Bibliography
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bibliography"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:biblio_environment"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Biblio_environment"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For a detailed description of LyX's bibliography handling, have a look at
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Bibliography"
\end_inset
LyX
\family sans
-Code
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph ! LyX code"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! LyX code
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sub:LyX-Code"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
In the
\family sans
LyX-Code
\family default
key is treated as a
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Blank
\family default
instead of an end-of-word marker.
rc-files, and so on.
Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
as if you used a typewriter.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Paragraph environments|)"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|)
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Nesting Environments
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Nesting ! Environments"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Environments
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:nest"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
You put a list inside of a list by nesting one list inside the other.
Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
\family sans
-Increase\InsetSpace ~
-List\InsetSpace ~
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Depth
\family default
or
\family sans
-Decrease\InsetSpace ~
-List\InsetSpace ~
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Depth
\family default
from the
will tell you how far you are nested).
Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/depth-increment.xpm
+ filename ../images/depth-increment.png
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/depth-decrement.xpm
+ filename ../images/depth-decrement.png
\end_inset
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Title
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Author
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Date
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Fully
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Nestable You can nest them.
+ You can nest other things into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
+ You can't nest anything into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Part
\end_layout
\family sans
Section
-\family default
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
Paragraph
-\family default
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Bibliography
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Title
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Author
+Address
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Date
+Address
\end_layout
\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Fully\InsetSpace ~
-Nestable You can nest them.
- You can nest other things into them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Verse
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Description
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
\family sans
-List
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Chapter
+\family default
+,
\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
- You can't nest anything into them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+Section
+\family default
+, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Standard
-\end_layout
+to e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
+lists, it is highly recommended not to do this.
+ Because the aim is to create well structured documents following usual
+ guidelines of typesetting, but nested section headings violates them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Address
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment doesn't really fit anywhere, since it's only used inside of
-
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Nesting ! Tables etc."
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Tables etc.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:table-and-fig-nesting"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-(Note: If you put a figure or a table in a
+(
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Figures and tables in
\family sans
-Float
+Floats
\family default
-, this is no longer true.
- Have a look at section\InsetSpace ~
+ are not affected by this.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\end_inset
+
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Floats"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
- If a figure, table, or an equation is inlined, it goes wherever the paragraph
+ If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
it is in goes.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\begin_layout Subsection
Usage and General Features
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:nest-Usage"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Nesting-Usage"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Some Examples
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Nesting ! Examples"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Examples
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset OptArg
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
This is level #3.
Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
- numeral as the label.
- Why?
+ numeral as the label.Why?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Standard
\family default
.
- As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labelling
+ As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
LyX uses for the
\family sans
Enumerate
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Verse
Now we'll add verse.
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
It will get much worse.
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
(
\family sans
Return, S-M-Right, Verse
\begin_layout Verse
Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Bippitey boppitey boo!
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
(
\family sans
M-Return)
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
environments inside of this one, then use another nested
\family default
and
\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
environments.
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Right Address
1234 Nowhere Rd.
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Moosegroin, MT 00100
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
9-6-96
\end_layout
\begin_layout Address
-Dear Mr.\InsetSpace ~
+Dear Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Fizlewitz:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Address
Sincerely,
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
Bill Hick
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Spacing, pagination and line breaks
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Horizontal Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Horizontal Fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space
- in a uniform fashion.
- An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
- the remaining space between the left and right margins.
- If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
- equally between themselves.
-
+What is a space? While you might be used to press the space key anytime
+ you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers
+ you more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot
+ be broken at the end of a line.
+ The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
+ useful.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-HFill
-\family roman
-s
-\family default
- can be inserted with
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Horizontal Fill
-\family default
-.
- Here a few examples what you can do with them:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Protected Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Protected-Space"
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-This is on the left side
-\hfill
-This is on the right
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\hfill
-Middle
-\hfill
-Right
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\hfill
-1/3 Left
-\hfill
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\hfill
-Right
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Protected
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was an example in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Here
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
-\end_inset
-
-is one in a standard paragraph.
- It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- sitting in-between the two arrows.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There may be more than one set of margins on a line.
- Here's an example with the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
+The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
+ line at that point.
+ This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-one
-\hfill
-two :three
-\hfill
-four
-\hfill
-five
-\hfill
-six
+\begin_layout Quote
+Further documentation is given in section
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-:
+section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- marks the beginning of the item.
- (There is actually a
+ and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-hidden
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- HFill inside of the label of the
+.
+ A protected space is set with
\family sans
-List
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\bar under
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\bar default
+Space
\family default
- environment; it's put at the end of the label automatically.) HFills work
- similarly in other
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+
\end_inset
-multi-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Horizontal
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- situations, like two-column mode.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note: if an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
- This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
- If you need space in this case anyway, you have to use the LaTeX-command
-
-\series bold
+All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal Space
+\family default
+.
+ The length units are listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hspace*{
-\backslash
-fill}
-\series default
- in ERT.
- ERT is explained in section\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Other space variants
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Other-space-variants"
+Inter-word Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Inter-word-Space"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Inter-word
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following two sorts of spaces are not yet supported by LyX, so that
- you have to use ERT, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
- That they are not supported is a hint that you need them very seldom in
- LyX.
- So use them only if it is really necessary (remind the WYSIWYM concept).
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Paragraph
-Defined space
-\end_layout
+English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
+ntence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventions (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes one needs space with a defined length, e.g for forms and questionnaires.
- This can be inserted by using the LaTeX-command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-hspace
-\series default
- in
-\family sans
-ERT
-\family default
-.
- For example the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Abbreviations"
-\backslash
-hspace{2cm}
-\series default
- produces 2
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-cm space within the following line:
+).
+ Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
+ In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-M-Space
+\family default
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Thin Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Thin-Space"
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-hspace{2cm}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+thin space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+ is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- 2
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+protected
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-cm space between the arrows.
+).
+ The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
+ thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
+ inside abbreviations:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use all length units listed in Appendix\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+\begin_layout Quote
+D.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+E.
+ Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Paragraph
-Phantom space
+TeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
- E.g.
- you want to create the following multiple choice question:
+or between values and units.
+ Compare for example this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kg (thin space)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10 kg (normal space
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-What is correct English?:
-\newline
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-S-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
-\newline
-Mr.\InsetSpace ~
-Edge would have been jumps the gun.
-\newline
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+More Spaces
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:More-Spaces"
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-phantom{Mr.
- Edge }
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore insert the following space types:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Negative
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-has to be jumped
-\newline
+thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+space A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-phantom{Mr.
- Edge }
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Negative thin space between the arrows.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Enspace
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-jumps
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+(0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset space \enskip{}
\end_inset
-Mr.\InsetSpace ~
-Edge\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-.
- To get this, you can use the LaTeX-command
-\series bold
+ Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-phantom
-\series default
- in ERT.
- In our case write the command
-\series bold
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-phantom{Mr.
- Edge }
-\series default
- (note the space after
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Edge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-) at the beginning of the last two lines.
- The command prints out the phrase within the the two braces, but invisible.
- That is why it is named
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-phantom
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
\end_inset
-.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-There exists also the commands
-\backslash
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-hphantom
-\series default
- and
-\backslash
-
-\series bold
-vphantom
-\series default
-, but this too special for the LyX userguide.
- If you are interested in knowing more about this, have a look at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+ Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+em) space between the arrows.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Vertical Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:vertspace"
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- There you find the following sizes:
-\end_layout
+ QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-SmallSkip
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BigSkip
-\family default
- are LaTeX sizes which depends on the font size of the document.
-
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is the skip adjusted in the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- for the paragraph separation.
- If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
-\family sans
-DefSkip
-\family default
- is equal to
-\family sans
-MedSkip
-\family default
-.
+em) space between the arrows.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
- is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
- An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
- between them.
- Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
- one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
-
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s work like
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
- If there are several
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
- You can therefore use
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
-\end_layout
+space A line with
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 2cm
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-.
+ 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm space between the arrows.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that for paragraphs at the top/bottom of a page, the extra space is
- only added if you have also checked the option
-\family sans
-Keep\InsetSpace ~
-space
-\family default
- in the dialog
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Alignment
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ lists the different space sizes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the paragraph alignment with the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are four possibilities:
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Width of the different horizontal spaces.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Justified
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Left
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Space
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Right
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Width
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Center
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Normal
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
- spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
- the left and right margins.
- The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align right
-This paragraph is right aligned,
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Protected
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-this one is centered,
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align left
-this one is left aligned.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thin
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Pagebreaks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:pagebreak"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Negative thin
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like the way LaTeX does the pagebreaks in your document, you
- can force a pagebreak where you want one.
- Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at pagebreaking.
- Only if you use many
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend not to use forced pagebreaks until the text is finished, and
- until you have checked in the preview to see if you
-\emph on
-really
-\emph default
- have to change the pagebreaking.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of pagebreaks: One that ends the page without any special
- action.
- This can be inserted above or below a paragraph by the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
-.
- The second type ends a page, but stretches the content of the page, so
- that it fills out the complete page.
- This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a pagebreak produces a page
- on which only the last few lines are absent.
- This type is not yet supported by LyX, so that you have to use the LaTeX
- command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-pagebreak[number]
-\series default
- in ERT
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-More about ERT is in section\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quad (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+em)
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- The number can vary between 0 and 4.
- If 4 or no number is used, it will always be created a pagebreak
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-normally one uses simply
-\series bold
+em
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-pagebreak
-\series default
- without a number
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+QQuad (2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
- The numbers 0 to 3 stand for the increasing priority level -- LaTeX decides,
- concerning the priority, if a pagebreak is created or not.
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
- at the top of a page.
- This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
- LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
- appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
- having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
- See chapter
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
- to learn more about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forced Linebreaks
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to pagebreaks there are two types of linebreaks: One that simply
- breaks the line.
- You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Line\InsetSpace ~
-Break
-\family default
- or with
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
\family sans
-C-Return
+Horizontal Fills
\family default
-.
- The other type breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the
- whole space between the page margins.
- This is necessary to avoid
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-fringes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- in justifies paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by linebreaks.
- This type is not yet supported by LyX, so that you have to use the LaTeX-comman
-d
-\series bold
-\backslash
-linebreak[number]
-\series default
- in
-\family sans
-ERT
-\family default
-.
- The syntax is similar tho the command
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-pagebreak
-\series default
-, described in the previous section.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space
+ in a uniform fashion.
+ An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
+ the remaining space between the left and right margins.
+ If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
+ equally between themselves.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You shouldn't use forced linebreaks to correct LaTeX's linebreaking, as
- LaTeX is very good at linebreaking.
- There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
- set a linebreak, e.g.
- in a poem or for an address (see sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:quote"
+Here a few examples what you can do with them:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+This is on the left side
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Verse"
+This is on the right
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:adress_usage"
-
+Middle
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-).
+Right
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Protected Blanks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Protected-blanks"
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+1/3 Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+That was an example in the
\family sans
-protected\InsetSpace ~
-blank
+Quote
\family default
- is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the line at that point.
- This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
-\end_layout
+ environment.
+ Here
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Quote
-More information is given in section
-\newline
-2.2.
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected blank between
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-section
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
\end_inset
-2.2
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+is one in a standard paragraph.
+ It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
+\emph on
+is
+\emph default
+ sitting in-between the two arrows.
+\end_layout
-.
- A protected blank is inserted with
+\begin_layout Standard
+HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-Space
+Fill
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pattern
\family default
- or with
-\family sans
-C-Space.
+ in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Lines around Paragraphs
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Lines-around-Paragraphs"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dots:
+\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Rule:
+\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
+\end_inset
-\lyxline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Left arrow:
+\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-vspace{-1
-\backslash
-parskip}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Right arrow:
+\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-In the dialog
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph Settings
-\family default
- you can put lines above and below a paragraph, as this is done for this
- paragraph.
-\lyxline
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Fonts and Text Styles
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up brace:
+\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
+\begin_layout Standard
+Down brace:
+\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two types of fonts:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Description
-Outline\InsetSpace ~
-fonts are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.e.
- characters) in the font.
- This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
- well suited for scaling to any requested size.
- This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
- curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
- This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
- Only at very small sizes it might be hard to provide a good rendering at
- very small sizes, where each pixel has to be very carefully computed to
- provide a good image.
-\newline
-One could mean that one only needs to define one font
- size and scale them.
- But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
- That improves the appearance, because you need more details at large font
- sizes than at small ones.
-\newline
-The font types
-\family typewriter
-TrueType
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-OpenType
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-Type\InsetSpace ~
-1 PostScript
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
+ This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
+ If you need space in this case anyway, set the
+\family sans
+Protect
\family default
- are outline fonts.
+ option in the space dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap\InsetSpace ~
-fonts on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start,
- so they will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
- However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
- pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
- It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
- picture manipulation program.
- In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
- several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
- or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
- The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
- to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
- fonts.
- The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have
- to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
-\newline
-Bitmap fonts are named
-
-\family typewriter
-Type\InsetSpace ~
-3
-\family default
- in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they
- are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
- So one need less font size definitions for scalable fonts.
- That's the reason why nearly all text render and typesetting programs use
- scalable fonts.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Phantom Space
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Phantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
- its document properties.
+Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
+ E.g.
+ you want to create the following multiple choice question:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
- For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
- font to emphasize text, you use an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-emphasized style
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+What is correct English?:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- instead.
- This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
- In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
- details.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Font and Font size
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Document-Font"
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Edge would have been jumps the gun.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the default font in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The possible options for the font include
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- and a list of fonts available on your system.
- The option
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- uses the standard TeX fonts, known as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-Computer Modern
-\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- (
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-) or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+has to be jumped
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-European Computer Modern
-\family default
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- (
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixeld in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
- This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
-\family typewriter
-Acroread
-\family default
- in version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
- renderer.
- But to get rid of pixeld fonts generally, you have to use an outline font.
- We will show you three possibilities to use them:
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-One way is to use the
-\family typewriter
-ae
-\family default
- font by choosing it in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
-
-\family typewriter
-ae
-\family default
- stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Almost European
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+jumps
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
- and is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
+\begin_layout Standard
+So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-»
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
+.
+ To get this, you can use the LaTeX-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+phantom
+\series default
+ in TeX Code
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Loading the LaTeX-package
-\family typewriter
-aeguill
-\family default
- with the document preamble line
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-will fix the guillemet problem.
+ for more information about TeX-Code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- And accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, they are build of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you can't search in documents that are created with the
-\family typewriter
-ae
-\family default
- font for words with accented characters.
- E.g.
- if you search for the French word
+ In our case write the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
+\series default
+ (note the space after
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-rève
+Edge
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
- the glyph
+) at the beginning of the last two lines.
+ The command prints out the phrase within the the two braces, but invisible.
+ That is why it is named
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- è
+phantom
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset ERT
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+There exists also the commands
+\backslash
+\series bold
+hphantom
+\series default
+ and
\backslash
-`{}
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+vphantom
+\series default
+, but this too special for the LyX Userguide.
+ If you are interested in knowing more about this, have a look at
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The LaTeX command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-`
-\series default
- produces a grave.
- The two braces behind the command prevents the following quotation mark
- to be accented with the grave.
-\newline
-More about ERT and LaTeX-commands is described
- in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Vertical Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Vertical-Space"
\end_inset
-.
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Vertical
\end_layout
\end_inset
- Note, that this problem appears only in the output, because LyX's screen
- fonts are different from the one in the output, see the last paragraph
- in this section.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Another possibility is to use three different outline fonts
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Other fonts, like
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-Computer Modern
-\family default
-, consists of these three main font types
-\family sans
-sans\InsetSpace ~
-serif
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-typewriter
-\family default
-, and
+To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
\family sans
-serif
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
\family default
-.
+ dialog.
+ There you find the following sizes:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
-:
\family sans
-helvetica
-\family default
- as sans serif font (package
-\family typewriter
-helvet
+SmallSkip
\family default
-),
+,
\family sans
-courier
-\family default
- for typewriter (package
-\family typewriter
-courier
+MedSkip
\family default
-), and
+ and
\family sans
-times
+BigSkip
\family default
- as serif font (package
-\family typewriter
-mathptmx
+ are LaTeX sizes which depends on the font size of the document.
+
+\family sans
+DefSkip
\family default
-).
- They are loaded in the document preamble (menu
+ is the skip adjusted in the dialog
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
-\family default
-) with the following lines:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[scaled=0.92]{helvet}
-\newline
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{mathptmx}
-\newline
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-usepackage{courier}
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-\newline
-You also have to use
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- as font in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
\family default
- dialog.
-\newline
-The differences between
-\family sans
-sans\InsetSpace ~
-serif
-\family default
-,
+ for the paragraph separation.
+ If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
\family sans
-typewriter
+DefSkip
\family default
- and
+ is equal to
\family sans
-serif
+MedSkip
\family default
- fonts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
-.
-\newline
-The font
-\family sans
-times
-\family default
- was originally designed for newspapers.
- That means its glyphs are smaller than the one from other fonts to fit
- into the small newspaper columns.
- So
\family sans
-times
+VFill
\family default
- is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The best solution is to use the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-Latin Modern
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (
-\family typewriter
-lm
-\family default
-) font.
- This font is developed in order of the LaTeX community to replace
-\family typewriter
-cm
+ is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
+ An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
+ between them.
+ Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
+ one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
+
+\family sans
+VFill
\family default
- as default font.
- To use the font, use
+s work like
\family sans
-default
+HFill
\family default
- as font in the
+s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
+HFill
\family default
- dialog and add the following line to the document preamble:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+s are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\newline
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-usepackage{lmodern}
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The document font size is adjusted in the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-.
- There are four possible values:
-\family sans
-default, 10
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-11
-\family default
-, and
+\end_inset
+
+ If there are several
\family sans
-12
+VFill
\family default
-.
- The size of
+s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
+ You can therefore use
\family sans
-default
+VFill
\family default
- depends on your LaTeX-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10.
+s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font sizes are the
-\emph on
-base size
-\emph default
-.
- LyX actually scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used in
- footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
- You can always fine-tune the font size of text parts from within the document
- if you need to.
- The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that when you choose a new font or font size, LyX does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- change the screen font.
- You'll only see a difference in the printed output.
- This is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
+\series medium
+When the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
+ a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences
+Protect
\family default
- dialog, see chapter\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
+.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Paragraph Alignment
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
- certain paragraph environments.
- LyX supports two character styles,
+You can change the paragraph alignment with the
\family sans
-Emphasized
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph Settings
\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-.
- You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
- toolbar.
+ dialog.
+ There are four possibilities:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To activate the
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style, do one of the following:
+Justified
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-click on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-noun.xpm
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Left
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Right
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-use the keybinding
+
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-c
+Center
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These commands are all toggles.
- That is, if
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style is already active, they deactivate it.
+The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
+ spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
+ the left and right margins.
+ The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One typically uses the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style for proper names.
- For example:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\align right
+This paragraph is right aligned,
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+this one is centered,
+\end_layout
-\noun on
-Matthias Ettrich
-\noun default
- is the original author of LyX.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+this one is left aligned.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Pagebreaks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pagebreaks ! Forced
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style.
- You can activate (or deactivate - it's also a toggle) the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style by:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-clicking on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-emph.xpm
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Pagebreaks"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-using the keybindings
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like the way LaTeX does the pagebreaks in your document, you
+ can force a pagebreak where you want one.
+ Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at pagebreaking.
+ Only if you use many
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-e
+Floats
+\family default
+, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Normally the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag
-es use a different font.
+We recommend not to use forced pagebreaks until the text is finished, and
+ until you have checked in the preview to see if you
+\emph on
+really
+\emph default
+ have to change the pagebreaking.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We've been using the
+There are two types of pagebreaks: One that ends the page without any special
+ action.
+ This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style all over the place in this document.
- Here's one more example:
-\end_layout
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Quotation
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ The second type, that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\emph on
-Don't overuse character styles!
+Break
+\family default
+, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
+ the complete page.
+ This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a pagebreak produces a page
+ on which only the last few lines are absent.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It's also a warning in addition to an example.
- One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
- Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character style.
-
-\end_layout
+You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
+ at the top of a page.
+ This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
+ LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
+ appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
+ having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
+ See chapter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the keybinding
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- or the dialog
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+Floats
\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
-\family sans
-Text Style
-\family default
- dialog
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Clear Pagebreaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Clear-Pages"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pagebreaks ! Clear
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX
- gives you a way to create custom character style.
- For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
- requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
- Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
- from ordinary dialogue.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
-\newline
-Documents that overuse
- different fonts and sizes are not well readable and tend to look like someone's
- knocked huge holes in it.
+Differently to forced pagebreaks where the content behind the break is directly
+ placed at the next page, pages can also be cleared while breaking them.
+ That means that the current paragraph is terminated and all, perhaps not
+ yet processed floats from previous document parts are placed behind it,
+ if necessary by adding pages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property which you can choose.
- You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
+You can insert a clear pagebreak with the menu
\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-change
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
\family default
-, which keeps the current state of that property.
- The item
+.
+ When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
\family sans
-Reset
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
\family default
- will reset the property to whatever is the default.
- You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
- environments in a snap.
+ to insert a clear pagebreak that assures that the next page is a right-hand
+ page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Linebreaks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linebreaks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Linebreaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+Similar to pagebreaks there are two types of linebreaks: One that simply
+ breaks the line.
+ You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-change
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ragged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
\family default
- and
+ or with
\family sans
-Reset
+C-Return
\family default
-) are:
-\end_layout
+.
+ Another type that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Justified
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Family
+Break
\family default
- The
+ breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
+ the page margins.
+ This is necessary to avoid
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-overall look
+fringes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- of the font.
- The possible options are:
+ in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by linebreaks.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Roman
-\family default
- This is the Roman font family.
- Normally a serif font.
- It's also the default family.
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
\begin_layout Standard
+You shouldn't use forced linebreaks to correct LaTeX's linebreaking, as
+ LaTeX is very good at linebreaking.
+ There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
+ set a linebreak, e.g.
+ in a poem or for an address (see sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quote"
\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Verse"
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-r
-\family default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Address-Usage"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-}
+).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Lines
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Lines"
-)
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The LaTeX-command prevents text to be breaked at the end of a line.
- It is explained in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Hyphenation"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Horizontal lines
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+\lyxline
+In the dialog
\family sans
-Sans\InsetSpace ~
-Serif
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-This is the Sans Serif font family.
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Line
\family default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ you can insert horizontal lines that spans over the whole document columns
+ width.
+\lyxline
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-mbox{
+\begin_layout Section
+Characters and Symbols
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
+ You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-s
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
\end_inset
-)
+ for informations how this is done.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
+ can use the
\family sans
-Typewriter
+Symbols
\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-This is the Typewriter font family.
-
+ dialog via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
\family default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-mbox{
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
+ when you are using a special screen font in LyX's preferences.
+ But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-p
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Fonts and Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
\end_inset
-\family sans
-)
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Types
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Series
-\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Types
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Medium
-\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
- It's also the default series.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of fonts:
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Bold
-\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
+\begin_layout Description
+Vector
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Vector-
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
-\end_layout
+ are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.e.
+ characters) in the font.
+ This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
+ well suited for scaling to any requested size.
+ This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
+ curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
+ This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
+ Only at very small sizes it might be hard to provide a good rendering at
+ very small sizes, where each pixel has to be very carefully computed to
+ provide a good image.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+One could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
+ But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
+ That improves the appearance, because you need more details at large font
+ sizes than at small ones.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+The font types
+\family typewriter
+TrueType
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+OpenType
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-b
+1 PostScript
\family default
+ are vector fonts.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Bitmap-
\end_layout
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+ on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
+ will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
+ However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
+ pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
+ It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
+ picture manipulation program.
+ In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
+ several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
+ or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
+ The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
+ to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
+ fonts.
+ The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have
+ to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+Bitmap fonts are named
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Shape
+3
\family default
- As the name implies.
- Options are:
+ in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they
+ are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
+ So one need less font size definitions for scalable fonts.
+ That's the reason why nearly all text render and typesetting programs use
+ scalable fonts.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Upright
-\family default
- This is the Upright font shape.
- It's also the default shape.
+\begin_layout Standard
+To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
+ its document properties.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
+ specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
+ font to emphasize text, you use an
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Italic
-\family default
-
-\shape italic
-This
-\shape default
-
-\family sans
-\shape italic
-i
-\family default
-s the Italic font shape
-\shape default
-\emph on
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Slanted
-\family default
-
-\shape slanted
-This is the Slanted font shape
-\shape default
- (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Small\InsetSpace ~
-Caps
-\family default
-
-\shape smallcaps
-This is the Small caps font shape
-\shape default
-\noun on
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+emphasized style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Size
-\family default
- Alters the size of the font.
- You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
-nal to the document font size.
- Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
- what you want to do.
- The options are:
+ instead.
+ This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
+ In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
+ details.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Tiny
-\family default
-
-\size tiny
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Font and Font size
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Document-Font"
-Tiny
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-mbox{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Size
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-t
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Font
\end_layout
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\backslash
-mbox{
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the document fonts in the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-1
+ Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+ dialog.
+ There you can specify which font should be used for the three different
+ font shapes roman (serif),
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ and its scalings.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The possible options for the font include
\family sans
-Smallest
+default
\family default
+ and a list of fonts available on your system.
-\size scriptsize
-This is the
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ uses the standard TeX fonts, known as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Smallest
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer Modern
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size
-\size default
-.
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+) or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+European Computer Modern
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ (
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+As
+\family typewriter
+cm
\family default
-2
-\begin_inset ERT
+ and
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+ are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixeled in PDF output, especially when
+ you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-}
+Reader
+\family default
+ version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
+ renderer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-)
+ To get rid of pixeled fonts, you have to use a vector font.
+ There are three ways to use one:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Smaller
+\begin_layout Itemize
+One way is to use the
+\family typewriter
+AE
\family default
+ fonts.
-\size footnotesize
-This is the
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ is a virtual font.
+ Virtual means that it
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Smaller
+steals
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-
-\size default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ outline
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+-glyphs from other fonts.
+ This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
+ guillemets (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+«
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+»
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-S
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loading the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+aeguill
+\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! aeguill
\end_layout
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ with the document preamble line
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-mbox{
+usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+will fix the guillemet problem.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+ and that accented characters are not
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ glyph, they are build of
+\emph on
+two
+\emph default
+ characters, the accent and the letter.
+ Therefore you can't search in documents using the
+\family typewriter
+AE
\family default
-3
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
+ fonts for words with accented characters.
+ If you search for example for the French word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+rève
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+ in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
+ the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+ è
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Small
-\family default
-
-\size small
-This is the
+ and not for the glyph
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Small
+ e +
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ ̀
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
+.
+\end_layout
-\size default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Another possibility is to use three different outline fonts
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Other fonts, like
+\family typewriter
+Latin Modern
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+Computer Modern
+\family default
+, consists of these three main font types
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+:
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Roman
+\family default
+ as roman font,
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-s
+ Helvetica
\family default
+ scaled to 92 or 95
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
+% as sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+serif font, and
+\family sans
+courier
+\family default
+ as typewriter font.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+The differences between roman,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_inset
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The font
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Roman
\family default
-4
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ was originally designed for newspapers.
+ That means its glyphs are smaller than the one from other fonts to fit
+ into the small newspaper columns.
+ Therefore
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+Roman
+\family default
+ is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
+\end_layout
-}
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The best solution is to use the
+\family typewriter
+Latin Modern
+\family default
+ fonts.
+ These fonts are developed in order of the LaTeX community to replace
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ as default font.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-)
+For the font size there are four possible values:
+\family sans
+default, 10
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+11
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+12
+\family default
+.
+ The size of
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ depends on your LaTeX-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font sizes are the
+\emph on
+base size
+\emph default
+.
+ LyX actually scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used in
+ footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
+ You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
\family sans
-Normal
-\family default
- This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Normal
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog if needed.
+ The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- font size.
- It's also the default size.
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
+ this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-n
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
\family default
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"
-}
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using Different Character Styles
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-mbox{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Character Styles
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-
-\family default
-5
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
\end_layout
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
+ certain paragraph environments.
+ LyX supports two character styles,
\family sans
-Large
+Emphasized
\family default
-
-\size large
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ and
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+.
+ You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
+ toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To activate the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style, do one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-noun.png
+
\end_inset
-Large
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use the key binding
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These commands are all toggles.
+ That is, if
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style is already active, they deactivate it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One typically uses the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style for proper names.
+ For example:
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\noun on
+Matthias Ettrich
+\noun default
+ is the original author of LyX.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\size default
- (keybinding
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+A more widely used character style is the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style.
+ You can activate (or deactivate - it's also a toggle) the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style by:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+clicking on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-emph.png
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using the keybindings
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+e
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-l
+Emphasized
\family default
+ style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag
+es use a different font.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+We've been using the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style all over the place in this document.
+ Here's one more example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+
+\emph on
+Don't overuse character styles!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It's also a warning in addition to an example.
+ One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
+ Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
+ the common tendency to overuse character style.
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-}
+Space
+\family default
+ or the dialog
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning with the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-mbox{
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX
+ gives you a way to create custom character style.
+ For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
+ requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
+ Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
+ from ordinary dialog.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
+ warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
+ tend to look like someone has knocked huge holes in it.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use custom character styles, open the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Style
\family default
-6
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ dialog.
+ There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+ font property which you can choose.
+ You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-}
+change
+\family default
+, which keeps the current state of that property.
+ The item
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+ will reset the property to whatever is the default.
+ You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
+ environments in a snap.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-)
+change
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+) are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Larger
+Family
\family default
-
-\size larger
-This is the
+ The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Larger
+overall look
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
+ of the font.
+ The possible options are:
+\end_layout
-\size default
- (keybinding
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Roman
+\family default
+ This is the Roman font family.
+ Normally a serif font.
+ It's also the default family.
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-S-L
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r
\family default
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
- or
+)
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LaTeX-command prevents text to be broken at the end of a line.
+ It is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Hyphenation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Serif
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+This is the Sans Serif font family.
+
+\family default
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+s
\family default
-7
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Largest
+Typewriter
\family default
-\size largest
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- font size.
+\family typewriter
+This is the Typewriter font family.
-\size default
- (keybinding
+\family default
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+p
\family default
-8
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\family sans
)
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Huge
+Series
\family default
-
-\size huge
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
-Huge
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
- font size.
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
+\end_layout
-\size default
- (keybinding
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
+
+\series default
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-h
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b
\family default
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+)
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\backslash
-mbox{
+\family sans
+Shape
+\family default
+ As the name implies.
+ Options are:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+Upright
+\family default
+ This is the Upright font shape.
+ It's also the default shape.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Italic
\family default
-9
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\shape italic
+This
+\shape default
+
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+i
+\family default
+s the Italic font shape
+\shape default
+\emph on
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-}
+\family sans
+Slanted
+\family default
+
+\shape slanted
+This is the Slanted font shape
+\shape default
+ (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-)
+Caps
+\family default
+
+\shape smallcaps
+This is the Small caps font shape
+\shape default
+\noun on
+.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Huger
+Size
+\family default
+ Alters the size of the font.
+ You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
+nal to the document font size.
+ Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
+ what you want to do.
+ The options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Tiny
\family default
-\size giant
+\size tiny
This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Huger
+Tiny
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
font size.
\size default
- (keybinding
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-H
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+t
\family default
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+1
\family default
-0
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
)
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We'll warn you
-\emph on
-yet again
-\emph default
-: don't go crazy with this feature.
- You should almost never need to change the font size.
- LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
- - use that instead.
- This is here for fine-tuning only!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Misc
-\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Emph
+Smallest
\family default
-\emph on
-This is text with emphasize on
-\emph default
-.
- This might seem like the same as
-\shape italic
-Italic
-\shape default
-, but it is actually a bit different.
- Emphasized is a
-\emph on
-logical
-\emph default
- attribute.
- That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
- text.
- Normally this font is equal to italic.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\size scriptsize
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Underbar
-\family default
-
-\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+Smallest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\bar default
- (keybinding
+ font size
+\size default
+.
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-u
-\family default
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family default
+2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
)
-\newline
-
-\family default
-Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a holdover from the typewriter days,
- when you couldn't change fonts.
- We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
- It's only included in LyX because some people
-\emph on
-may
-\emph default
- need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Noun
+Smaller
\family default
-\noun on
-This is text with Noun on.
-
-\noun default
- Like
-\family sans
-Emph
-\family default
-, this is a logical attribute.
- Normally it's equivalent to
-\family sans
-Small\InsetSpace ~
-Caps
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-Color
-\family default
- You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
- Notice that not all dvi-viewers are are able to display colors.
- Besides
-\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-color
-\family default
-, which is the default
+\size footnotesize
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-color
+Smaller
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and means normally black, you can choose between
-\family sans
-Black
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-White
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Red
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Green
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Blue
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Cyan
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Magenta
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Yellow
-\family default
- text.
-\end_layout
+ font size.
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
- the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
- (only within LyX).
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+S
\family default
- dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-free-apply.xpm
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-.
- The button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style even
- when the dialog isn't visible.
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
-.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-slanted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
- and the series to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
-bold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-), set the
-\family sans
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-all
-\family default
- switch and press
+
\family sans
-Apply
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
-.
+3
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should also know something about the differences between the three main
- font types
-\family sans
-serif
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-sans\InsetSpace ~
-serif
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-typewriter
-\family default
-:
+\end_inset
+
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Typewriter
+Small
\family default
- is a so called
+
+\size small
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-monospaced
+Small
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font, that means every character has the same width, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ font size.
-i
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
- is as wide as the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-m
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- Here is an example
-\newline
+s
+\family default
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-phantom{
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-no
+ or
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-typewriter text
-\family default
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-For more on phantoms see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Other-space-variants"
+\family default
+4
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\newline
-no typewriter text
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Serif
+Normal
\family default
- fonts use characters with serifs.
- These are the small
+ This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-appendices
+Normal
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- at all ends of of the streaks that form the character.
- The following example will show the difference:
-\newline
-text with serifs
-\newline
+ font size.
+ It's also the default size.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-text without serifs
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\newline
-Serifs facilitates an easy and fast reading.
- They are therefore used as default font (named
-\family sans
-roman
-\family default
-).
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+
\family sans
-Sans serif
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
\family default
- don't use serifs.
- This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
- We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Section
-Printing and Previewing
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we've covered some of the basic features of document preparation
- using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
- Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
- goes on behind-the-scenes.
- We cover these informations in much greater detail in the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual as well.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.
- LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent
- confusion, we'll only refer to LaTeX.
- LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
- Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
- This happens in two stages:
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
- generating a file with the extension,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.tex
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
+5
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
-\family typewriter
-.tex
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Large
\family default
- file to produce printable output.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Output file formats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats"
+\size large
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Large
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ font size.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Output-file-formats"
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-ASCII
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats ! ASCII"
+\end_inset
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+l
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-.txt
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
-American Standard Code for Information Interchange
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (ASCII).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-ASCII
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats ! LaTeX"
-\end_inset
+\family default
+6
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.tex
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Larger
\family default
+
+\size larger
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Larger
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process
- your document.
- If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process
- it manually with console commands.
- The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever
- you view or export your document.
-\end_layout
+ font size.
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document as LaTeX-file using the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaT
+\size default
+ (key binding
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{}
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-DVI
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats ! DVI"
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+S-L
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- It is called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
-device-independent
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
- to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
- At the time when this file-format was developed, this was no matter of
- course.
- DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
- like PostScript.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-NOTE: The DVI file doesn't contain images, they will only be a linked.
- So don't forget this, if you move your
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file to another computer.
- This property can also slow down your computer when you view the DVI.
- Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
- it visible when you scroll in the DVI.
- So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to DVI by the menu
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PostScript
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats ! PostScript"
-\end_inset
+\family default
+7
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.ps
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-.
- PostScript was developed by the company
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
+\family sans
+Largest
\family default
- as printer language.
- The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
- file.
- PostScript can be seen as
+
+\size largest
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-programming language
+Largest
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images
-\begin_inset Foot
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-package
-
-\family typewriter
-pstricks
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-.
- Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-PostScript can only contain images in the format
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.eps
\family default
+8
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-).
- As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has
- to convert them in the background to EPS.
- If you have e.g 50 images in your document, LyX has to do 50 conversions
- whenever you view or export your document.
- This will slow down your workflow with LyX drastically.
- So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
- EPS to avoid this problem.
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-PostScript
+Huge
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-PDF
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "File formats ! PDF"
+
+\size huge
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Huge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ font size.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "PDF"
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This file type has the extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+h
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+}
+\end_layout
- (PDF) is developed by
-\family typewriter
-Adobe
-\family default
- as derivative from PostScript.
- It is more compressed and it uses much less commands than PostScript.
- As the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-portable
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
- implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
- looks exactly the same.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
\family default
+9
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+}
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
-\family default
+)
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-) and
+\family sans
+Huger
+\family default
+
+\size giant
+This is the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
+Huger
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ font size.
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-).
- You can although use any other image format, because LyX converts them
- in the background to one of these formats.
- But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
- will slow down your workflow.
- So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to PDF via the menu
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export
-\family default
- in three different ways:
-\end_layout
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ps2pdf
-\family default
- that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
- The PostScript-version is produced by the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
+H
\family default
- which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
- So this export variant consist of three conversions.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(dvipdfm) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
- PDF.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex) This uses the program
-\family typewriter
-pdftex
-\family default
- that converts your file directly to PDF.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We recommend to use
-\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- because
-\family typewriter
-pdftex
-\family default
- supports all features of actual PDF-versions, is quick and works stable
- without problems.
- The program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- is no more under development and therefore a bit outdated.
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Previewing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Preview "
-
\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the pagebreaks
- in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
-\family sans
-View
-\family default
- and choose a file type.
- A viewing program will popup showing the output.
- For
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
-\family default
- you can use the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.xpm
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-C-d
-\family default
-), for
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- you can use the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-export_pdf2.xpm
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
- viewer window using the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+0
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary
- directory.
- To have a real output, export your document.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Printing the File from within LyX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Printing-the-File"
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+)
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead of exporting your file and then printing them, you can also print
- it directly from within LyX.
- To print a file, select the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Print
-\family default
- or click on the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_print.xpm
+We'll warn you
+\emph on
+yet again
+\emph default
+: don't go crazy with this feature.
+ You should almost never need to change the font size.
+ LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
+ - use that instead.
+ This is here for fine-tuning only!
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-.
- LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.
- This file is then processed by the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- to PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
+\family sans
+Misc
\family default
-.
- Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.
+ Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
+ Options are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose to print only even-numbered or odd-numbered pages - this
- is useful for printing on two sides: You can re-insert the pages after
- printing one set to print on the other side.
- Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
- By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
- of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
-\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the parameters in the
\family sans
-Print\InsetSpace ~
-Destination
+Emph
\family default
- box as follows:
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+ This might seem like the same as
+\shape italic
+Italic
+\shape default
+, but it is actually a bit different.
+ Emphasized is a
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+ attribute.
+ That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
+ text.
+ Normally this font is equal to italic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Printer
+Underbar
\family default
- This is the name of the printer to print to
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+
+\bar under
+This is text with Underbar on.
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that this printer name is for the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
- That means
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- has to be configured for this printer name.
- The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see chapter\InsetSpace ~
+\bar default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-.
+\backslash
+mbox{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- The printer should understand PostScript.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-File
-\family default
- The name of a file to print to.
- The output will be a PostScript file.
- It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full
- path.
-\end_layout
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-A few Words about Typography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typography"
+u
+\family default
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphens
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Hyphens"
-
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:hyphens"
-
+\family sans
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\family default
+Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a holdover from the typewriter days,
+ when you couldn't change fonts.
+ We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ It's only included in LyX because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
--
+\family sans
+Noun
\family default
+
+\noun on
+This is text with Noun on.
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\noun default
+ Like
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+, this is a logical attribute.
+ Normally it's equivalent to
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- character comes in three lengths, often called the
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-, and the
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-:
+Caps
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-hyphen
-\hfill
--
-\hfill
-made with
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Color
+\family default
+ You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
+ Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Besides
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+color
+\family default
+, which is the default
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+color
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
+ and means normally black, you can choose between
+\family sans
+Black
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+White
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Red
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Green
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Blue
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cyan
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Magenta
\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Yellow
+\family default
+ text.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! Text
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-en dash
-\hfill
---
-\hfill
-made with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
+ the language of the document.
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ (only within LyX).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
+ Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog, the settings are saved.
+ You can activate them using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/textstyle-apply.png
-\family typewriter
--
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style even
+ when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
+ (suppose you just set the shape to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+slanted
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-/
+ and the series to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+), set the
+\family sans
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+all
+\family default
+ switch and press
+\family sans
+Apply
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should also know something about the differences between the three main
+ font types
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
--
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+typewriter
\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ font, that means every character has the same width, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-em dash
-\hfill
----
-\hfill
-made with
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
--
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-/
+phantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
--
+no
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-/
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
--
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:More-Spaces"
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-minus sign
-\hfill
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
\end_inset
-\hfill
-a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+no typewriter text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\family typewriter
--
+\family sans
+Serif
\family default
-
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- in math mode
-\end_layout
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-You generate them by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ at all ends of of the streaks that form the character.
+ The following example will show the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- They are automatically converted to the appropriate length dash in the
- final output, but not in LyX.
+Serifs facilitates an easy and fast reading.
+ They are therefore used as default font (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
- Here are some examples of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\family typewriter
--
+\family sans
+Sans serif
\family default
+ don't use serifs.
+ This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
+ They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+\end_layout
- in use:
+\begin_layout Section
+Printing and Previewing
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-line- and page-breaks
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-)
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Overview
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A--Z
-\hfill
-(
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now that we've covered some of the basic features of document preparation
+ using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
+ Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
+ goes on behind-the-scenes.
+ We cover these informations in much greater detail in the
\emph on
-en dash
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
\emph default
-)
+ manual as well.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh --- there's a dash.
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-)
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.
+ LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent
+ confusion, we'll only refer to LaTeX.
+ LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
+ Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
+ This happens in two stages:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
+ generating a file with the extension,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-minus sign
-\emph default
-)
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+ file to produce printable output.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphenation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Hyphenation"
+Output file formats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Hyphenation"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Words aren't hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.
- Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package babel following the rules of the
- document language
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+ASCII
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-For German readers: That's one of the main differences between the languages
-
-\family sans
-German
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-German\InsetSpace ~
-(new\InsetSpace ~
-spelling)
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! ASCII
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX hyphenates nearly perfectly, it has only problems with text in the
- font
-\family sans
-typewriter
-\family default
- and with unusual constructs, like
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-h3knix/m0n0wall
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- If LaTeX can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
- This is done with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Hyphenation\InsetSpace ~
-Point
+\family typewriter
+.txt
\family default
-.
- These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
- If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs to be hyphenated.
- The keybindings/shortcuts in this document consists of three letters with
- a hyphen and a space in the form
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-A-b c
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- LaTeX finds there the hyphen
+ It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
+American Standard Code for Information Interchange
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, we can put it in the argument
- of the LaTeX-box-command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mbox
-\series default
-, because text within LaTeX-boxes can't be hyphenated.
- As LyX doesn't support
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mbox
-\series default
-, we have to use ERT.
- The result looks in LyX like:
+ (ASCII).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mbox.png
+You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ASCII
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! Latex@LaTeX
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To learn more about ERT, have a look at section\InsetSpace ~
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process
+ your document.
+ If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process
+ it manually with console commands.
+ The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever
+ you view or export your document.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Punctuation Marks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Punctuation marks"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as LaTeX-file using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Abbreviations and End of Sentence
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:abbrev"
-
\end_inset
+eX
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+DVI
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! DVI
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
- automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
- LaTeX then adds the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-appropriate amount of space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
- the next word.
- Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation works
- not for all cases.
- If a
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.
+.dvi
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
- at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are some examples of
-\emph on
-correct
-\emph default
- abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
-\end_layout
+.
+ It is called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-M.
- Butterfly
-\end_layout
+device-independent
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Don't worry.
- Be happy.
+ (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
+ to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
+ At the time when this file-format was developed, this was no matter of
+ course.
+ DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
+ like PostScript.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
- g.
- this is too much space!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I.
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To fix this problem, use one of the following:
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ The DVI file doesn't contain images, they will only be a linked.
+ So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use a
-\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-Blank
-\family default
- after lowercase abbreviations (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Protected-blanks"
-
\end_inset
-).
+This property can also slow down your computer when you view the DVI.
+ Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
+ it visible when you scroll in the DVI.
+ So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
-\family sans
-End\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-sentence
-\family default
- found under the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-Character
-\family default
- menu (shortcut
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to DVI by the menu
\family sans
-C-period
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
\family default
-) to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PostScript
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.\InsetSpace ~
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-this is too much space!
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PostScript
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I\SpecialChar \@.
- It's okay.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
- If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because the
- LaTeX will care about this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
- check out the
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Check\InsetSpace ~
-TeX
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.ps
\family default
- feature described in
-\emph on
-Extended Editing
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typography ! Quotes"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
+ PostScript was developed by the company
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as printer language.
+ The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
+ file.
+ PostScript can be seen as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+programming language
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Quotes | see{Typography}"
+; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-package
+
+\series bold
+pstricks
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:quotes"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! pstricks
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
- For example,
+PostScript can only contain images in the format
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-open close
+Encapsulated PostScript
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- The keyboard character,
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
-, generates this automatically.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the behavior of the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key using the submenu
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- of the dialog
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- Selecting the button
-\family sans
-Double
-\family default
- makes the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key produce the sequence:
+ (EPS, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The button
-\family sans
-Single
-\family default
-, in contrast, makes the
-\family sans
-"
+\family typewriter
+.eps
\family default
- key produce:
-\begin_inset Quotes els
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-'.
+).
+ As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has
+ to convert them in the background to EPS.
+ If you have e.g 50 images in your document, LyX has to do 50 conversions
+ whenever you view or export your document.
+ This will slow down your workflow with LyX drastically.
+ So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
+ EPS to avoid this problem.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
+You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
\family sans
-Type
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PostScript
\family default
- option.
- There are six choices:
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PDF
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PDF
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like this
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-double
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes els
+.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-single
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
+ (PDF) is developed by
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as derivative from PostScript.
+ It is more compressed and it uses much less commands than PostScript.
+ As the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+portable
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
+ looks exactly the same.
+\end_layout
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\begin_layout Standard
+PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or 'this
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
-\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes gls
+) and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grs
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
+).
+ You can although use any other image format, because LyX converts them
+ in the background to one of these formats.
+ But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
+ will slow down your workflow.
+ So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PDF via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export
+\family default
+ in three different ways:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
+ that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
+ The PostScript-version is produced by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
+ So this export variant consist of three conversions.
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes pls
-\end_inset
+(dvipdfm) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
+ PDF.
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+(pdflatex) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend to use
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
-\end_inset
-
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+(pdflatex)
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
-\end_inset
+ because
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ supports all features of actual PDF-versions, is quick and works stable
+ without problems.
+ The program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ is no more under development and therefore a bit outdated.
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Previewing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes fls
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the pagebreaks
+ in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
+View
+\family default
+ and choose a file type.
+ A viewing program will popup showing the output.
+ For
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ you can use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
-
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-d
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
-
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
+), for
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes als
-\end_inset
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_pdf2.png
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ars
\end_inset
+, and for
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
+\family default
+ the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_ps.png
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-These options affects what character the
+ (shortcut
\family sans
-"
+C-t
\family default
- key produces.
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-On the other hand, if you want to produce a plain text quote character,
- type
+If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
+ viewer window using the menu
\family sans
-C-"
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update
\family default
.
- This produces:
-\family typewriter
-"
-\family default
- in any cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary
+ directory.
+ To have a real output, export your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typography ! Ligatures"
+Printing the File from within LyX
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Printing-the-File"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Ligatures | see{Typography}"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ligatures"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Instead of exporting your file and then printing them, you can also print
+ it directly from within LyX.
+ To print a file, select the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Print
+\family default
+ or click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
\end_inset
-
+.
+ LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.
+ This file is then processed by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ to PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program
+\family typewriter
+Ghostscript
+\family default
+.
+ Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too
- in the output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
+You can choose to print only even-numbered or odd-numbered pages - this
+ is useful for printing on two sides: You can re-insert the pages after
+ printing one set to print on the other side.
+ Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
+ By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
+ of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the parameters in the
+\family sans
+Print
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
+Destination
+\family default
+ box as follows:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Printer
+\family default
+ This is the name of the printer to print to.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that this printer name is for the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+.
+ That means
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ has to be configured for this printer name.
+ The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Printer"
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ The printer should understand PostScript.
+\end_layout
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
- To break a ligature, use
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Ligature\InsetSpace ~
-Break.
-
+File
\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ The name of a file to print to.
+ The output will be a PostScript file.
+ It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full
+ path.
+\end_layout
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+A few Words about Typography
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography
+\end_layout
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-LyX's Proper Names
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "LyX ! Proper names"
+Hyphens
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphens
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Hyphens"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You have surely noticed, that the word
+In LyX, the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- appears always with characters in different size and height.
- LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
- as proper name when you type it in LyX as
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-{}
+ character comes in three lengths, often called the
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+, and the
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+hyphen
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-eX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
- Note the order of the upper-and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the following
- proper names:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LyX The name of the game, write
+made with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-L
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
-{}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+en dash
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-yX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+--
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
- to produce it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-TeX The program used by LaTeX, write
+made with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-T
+
+\family typewriter
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{}
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
-eX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to produce it.
-\end_layout
+-
+\family default
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX The program used by LyX, write
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-{}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+em dash
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-eX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+---
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
- to produce it.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write
+made with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaT
+
+\family typewriter
+-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-eX2e
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- to produce it.
+\backslash
+/
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
-\end_inset
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- It's an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of TeX converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-TeX-3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+-
+\family default
-, the previous one was
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-TeX-3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't want to use proper names, e.g.
- in section headings, you can insert two empty braces in ERT in the word.
- This will look in LyX like:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/LaTeX.png
-
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+minus sign
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\newline
-For more about ERT, look at section\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typography ! Units"
-\end_inset
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+ in math mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
+You generate them by inserting the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Thin\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-C-S-Space
+\family typewriter
+-
\family default
-).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example to show the differences:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+ character multiple times in a row.
+ They are automatically converted to the appropriate length dash in the
+ final output, but not in LyX.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-24\InsetSpace ~
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
+ math mode and has a length of its own.
+ Here are some examples of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-h
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-space between number and unit
+ in use:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+line- and page-breaks
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-24\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+(
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+From A--Z
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-h
+(
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh --- there's a dash.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-half space between number and unit
+(
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+(
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Typography ! Widows and orphans"
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphenation
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:widows"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Hyphenation"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
- for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
- of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
- of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These dangly-bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
- to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
- This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
-\end_layout
+Words aren't hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.
+ Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
- or how you can tweak that behavior.
- Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- or\InsetSpace ~
+ following the rules of the document language
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For German readers: That's one of the main differences between the languages
+
+\family sans
+German
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+German
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(new
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-] may have more information.
- You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
+spelling)
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
-\begin_inset OptArg
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Floats and Notes
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LaTeX hyphenates nearly perfectly, it has only problems with text in the
+ font
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ and with unusual constructs, like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
-
+h3knix/m0n0wall
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ If LaTeX can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
+ This is done with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Point
+\family default
+.
+ These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
+ If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
+Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs to be hyphenated.
+ The keybindings/shortcuts in this document consists of three letters with
+ a hyphen and a space in the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Footnotes"
+A-b c
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ LaTeX finds there the hyphen
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ as hyphenation possibility.
+ Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, we can put it in the argument
+ of the LaTeX-box-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mbox
+\series default
+, because text within LaTeX-boxes can't be hyphenated.
+ As LyX doesn't support
+\series bold
+\backslash
+mbox
+\series default
+, we have to use TeX Code.
+ The result looks in LyX like:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the
- menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Footnote
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.xpm
+ filename clipart/mbox.png
\end_inset
-,
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you'll see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- the following box:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png
- scale 80
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To learn more about TeX Code, have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Punctuation Marks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Punctuation marks
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again, will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
- on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-button
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Abbreviations and End of Sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-To close a footnote, click on the red box at the top left.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
+ automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
+ LaTeX then adds the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+appropriate amount of space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
+ That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
+ the next word.
+ Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by LyX, the numbers are consecutive,
- no matter in which chapter the footnote is in.
- LyX doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get another
- scheme using special LaTeX-commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
-\family default
-ey are described in the section
+Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation works
+ not for all cases.
+ If a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\emph on
-Tricks for Footnotes and Marginpars
+\family typewriter
+.
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
+ at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
+\end_layout
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Extended
-\emph default
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are some examples of
\emph on
-Features
+correct
\emph default
- manual.
+ abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Marginal notes"
+\begin_layout Itemize
+M.
+ Butterfly
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Don't worry.
+ Be happy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+ g.
+ this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I.
+ It's okay.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Marginal\InsetSpace ~
-Note
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.xpm
+You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To fix this problem, use one of the following:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, you'll see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
- grey
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with a
+Space
\family default
-\series default
- red
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ after lowercase abbreviations (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is LyX's representation of your margin
-\family default
-\series default
-al
-\family roman
-\series medium
-note.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side is an example marginal note.
-\family roman
-\series medium
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+).
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a marginal note.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! inter-word
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin -- left on even
- pages, right on odd pages.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Images"
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use a
+\family sans
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Space
+\family default
+ between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Graphics"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Thin-Space"
\end_inset
+).
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! thin
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
- you want and click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.xpm
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or select
+sentence
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+period
+\family default
+ found under the
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphics
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character
\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+ menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
+ This function is also bound to
+\family sans
+C-period
+\family default
+ for easy access.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- tab allows you to choose your image file.
- The appearance of the image inside LyX and in the output is adjusted separately.
- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix\InsetSpace ~
+With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-.
+this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I\SpecialChar \@.
+ It's okay.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
- of the image in the output.
- The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
-
-\family sans
-Get\InsetSpace ~
-from\InsetSpace ~
-file
-\family default
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Clip\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
-bounding\InsetSpace ~
-box
-\family default
- will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
- the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
-.
+Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
+ If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because the
+ LaTeX will care about this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options in the
-\family sans
-Extras
-\family default
- tab.
- You can also set the
+For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
+ Check out the
\family sans
-Subfigure
-\family default
- option here if the image is inside a figure float.
- This option is explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Figure-Floats"
-
+Check
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Draft\InsetSpace ~
-mode
+TeX
\family default
- effects that the image don't appear in the output, only a frame with the
- image size is printed.
+ feature described in section
+\emph on
+Checking TeX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by right-clicking on an image.
- The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
- in the text.
- This is an example image in the PDF format within a separate, horizontally
- centered paragraph:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Quotes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- display color
- scale 70
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Quotes
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotes | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Figure-Floats"
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Image Formats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Image formats"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Image-Formats"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Quotes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
+ Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
+ and use a closing quote at the end.
+ For example,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
-
+open close
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- LyX uses therefore the program
-\family typewriter
-Imagemagick
+.
+ The keyboard character,
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+, generates this automatically.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the behavior of the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key using the submenu
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ of the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
- you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ dialog.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
+\family sans
+Type
+\family default
+ option.
+ There are six choices:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap\InsetSpace ~
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
- They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixeld in large zooms.
- Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Graphics Interchange Format
+Text
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.gif
\family default
+ Use quotes like this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+double
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "GIF|see{Image formats}"
-
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+single
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\family typewriter
-.png
-\family default
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "PNG|see{Image formats}"
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ or 'this
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
\end_inset
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
-\family default
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "JPG|see{Image formats}"
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Scalable\InsetSpace ~
-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size
- without data loss.
- The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
- presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
- Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
-\newline
-S
-calable image formats can be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-Scalable Vector Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
- (SVG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.svg
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "SVG|see{Image formats}"
-
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
\end_inset
-Encapsulated PostScript
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.eps
-\family default
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "EPS|see{Image formats}"
-
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Portable Document Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
- (PDF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "PDF"
-
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
-.
- We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
- or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
- In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
- image
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-.
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally one can't convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
- versa.
-\end_layout
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Tables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tables"
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:tables"
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.xpm
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
+These settings affects what character the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Tabule
+"
\family default
-.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
- The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
- from the rest of the table.
- This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
- have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
- them.
- Here's an example table:
+ key produces.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-2
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-3
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Ligatures"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
+.
+ Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too
+ in the output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\size normal
-\noun off
-\color none
-
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
-\end_layout
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ To break a ligature, use
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Break.
+\family default
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Dorffest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table dialog
-\end_layout
+LyX's Proper Names
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
- brings up the table dialog.
- Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
- where the cursor is placed currently.
- Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
- This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
- done on all of your selection.
- Note that there is a difference between selecting the
-\emph on
-contents
-\emph default
- of the cell, and the cell itself.
- If you can see a red border inside a cell, you only selected the cell content.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Proper names
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- you can delete the current row/column and set the horizontal alignment
- for the current row.
- If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
- current cell respectively.
- The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
- is given.
- A given width will allow the cell to have linebreaks and multiple paragraphs
- of text, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Table-Cells"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can mark multiple cells of one row as a multicolumn cell using the check
- box
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
-.
- This will merge the cells to
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- cell, spread over more than one column.
- Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
- and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
- Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
- in the last row without the upper border:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
-<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+You have surely noticed, that the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-abc
-\end_layout
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ appears always with characters in different size and height.
+ LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
+ as proper name when you type it in LyX as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-def ghi
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+command
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
+ To create proper names omit the TeX Code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-jkl
+ Note the order of the upper-and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the following
+ proper names:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX The name of the game, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+L
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-B
-\end_layout
+yX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-C
+ to produce it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+TeX The program used by LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-D
+T
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-1
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX The program used by LyX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-2
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-3
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-4
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+eX2e
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+ to produce it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-At the moment LyX doesn't support multirow cells.
- Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.
- They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
- explained in the tables section of the
-\emph on
-Extended\InsetSpace ~
-Features
-\emph default
- manual.
- You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-degrees counterclockwise.
- These rotations are not visible in LyX but in the output.
- Note, that most DVI-viewers are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- able to display rotations.
-\end_layout
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Borders
-\family default
- tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
- The button
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- adds lines for all cell borders.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Longtables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tables ! Longtables"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It's an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of TeX converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
+
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+TeX-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+TeX-3.14159
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
-\family sans
-Use\InsetSpace ~
-long\InsetSpace ~
-table
-\family default
- in the tab
-\family sans
-Longtable
-\family default
- of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
- Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
-\end_layout
+If you don't want to use proper names, e.g.
+ in section headings, you can insert two empty braces in TeX Code in the
+ word.
+ This will look in LyX like:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/LaTeX.png
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the first page, if
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+For more about TeX Code, look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the last page, if
-\family sans
-Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer
-\family default
- is defined.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Units
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
- defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also specify a row where the table is splitted.
- If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
- of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
- The others will then be defined as
-\emph on
-empty
-\emph default
-.
- In this context, first means first in this order:
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for units use the menu
\family sans
-Footer, Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer,
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
\family default
-
+ (shortcut
\family sans
-Header,
+C-S-Space
\family default
-
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header.
+).
+\end_layout
-\family default
- See the following longtable to see how it works:
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example to show the differences:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
-<features islongtable="true">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="5cm">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true" endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Example Phone List (ignore the names)
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+h
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+space between number and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true" endfirsthead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-NAME
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+h
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-TEL.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true" endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Example Phone List
-\end_layout
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true" endhead="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-NAME
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Widows"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-TEL.
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
+ for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
+ of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
+ of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true" endfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-continue ...
+Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
+ to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
+ This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
+ or how you can tweak that behavior.
+ Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ or
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Annovi
+] may have more information.
+ You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Silvia
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Bertoli
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Notes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Stefano
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-111
+LyX offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Note This note type is for internal notes that won't appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Bozzi
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-Walter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it appears as LaTeX-comm
+ent, when you export the document to LaTeX via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX (pdflatex) / (plain)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Cachia
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as comment in LaTeX-files.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Maria
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Out This note will appear in the output as grey text.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Cachia
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Maurizio
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the greyed out note color is redefined to blue.
+ How this can be done is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+ of a comment that appears in the output as grey text.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Cinquemani
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Giusi
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
+ indented and greyed out notes can have footnotes.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Colin
-\end_layout
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ scale 85
+ scaleBeforeRotation
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bernard
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note
+\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the appearing note box to select the note type.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Footnotes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Concli
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Gianfranco
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the
+ menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Dal Bosco
-\end_layout
+,
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you'll see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ the following box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png
+ scale 80
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Carolina
-\end_layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Dalpiaz
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again, will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
+ on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Annamaria
-\end_layout
+Here's an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Feliciello
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Domenico
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by LyX, the numbers are consecutive,
+ no matter in which chapter the footnote is in.
+ LyX doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get another
+ scheme using special LaTeX-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Focarelli
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paola
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Galletti
-\end_layout
-
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Oreste
-\end_layout
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+, you'll see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+ grey
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with a
+\family default
+\series default
+ red
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+margin
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Gasparini
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is LyX's representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Franca
-\end_layout
+At the side is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a marginal note.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Rizzardi
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Paola
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin -- left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Lassini
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Giancarlo
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Graphics"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Malfatti
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Luciano
-\end_layout
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+ or select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Malfatti
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Valeriano
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Meneguzzo
-\end_layout
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Roberto
-\end_layout
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX and LyX options
+\family default
+ tab LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options.
+ You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside LyX.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Don't
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+unzip
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Mezzadra
+export
+\family default
+ is explained in the
+\emph on
+EmbeddedObjects
+\emph default
+ manual in section
+\emph on
+Graphics Dialog
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-Roberto
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ scale 70
+ rotateOrigin center
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Pirpamer
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Figure-Floats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Erich
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Image formats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Pochiesa
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Image-Formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paolo
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111, 222
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ LyX uses therefore the program
+\family typewriter
+Imagemagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Radina
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Claudio
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-111
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixeled in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Stuffer
-\end_layout
+Graphics Interchange Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (GIF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Oskar
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.gif
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GIF|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Tacchelli
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ugo
-\end_layout
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Tezzele
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Margit
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Unterkalmsteiner
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Frieda
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PNG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Vieider
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hilde
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Vigna
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
-\begin_layout Standard
-Jürgen
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Weber
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Maurizio
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Winkler
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Franz
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-111
-\end_layout
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\end_layout
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Annovi
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Silvia
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Bertoli
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Stefano
-\end_layout
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Bozzi
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Walter
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
-\end_layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Cachia
-\end_layout
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Maria
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+.
+ We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
+ or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
+ In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
+ image
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-Cachia
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally one can't convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
+ versa.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Section
+Tables
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Maurizio
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Tables"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Cinquemani
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ scale 85
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Giusi
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
+ from the rest of the table.
+ This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
+ have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
+ them.
+ Here's an example table:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Colin
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bernard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Concli
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Gianfranco
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Dal Bosco
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Carolina
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Annamaria
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size normal
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Feliciello
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Domenico
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Focarelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paola
-\end_layout
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Table dialog
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Galletti
+You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
+ brings up the table dialog.
+ Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
+ where the cursor is placed currently.
+ Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
+ This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
+ done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally to the table dialog the
+\family sans
+table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Oreste
-\end_layout
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears when the cursor is inside a table, helps you in setting table
+ properties.
+ It is for example currently only possible to add
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+delete lines via the table toolbar.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Settings
+\family default
+ of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
+ If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
+ current cell respectively.
+ The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
+ is given.
+ A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
+ of text, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Gasparini
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-Cells"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Franca
+You can mark multiple cells of one row as a multicolumn cell using the check
+ box
+\family sans
+Multicolumn
+\family default
+.
+ This will merge the cells to
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ cell, spread over more than one column.
+ Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
+ and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
+ Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
+ in the last row without the upper border:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+abc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Rizzardi
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+def ghi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paola
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+jkl
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Lassini
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Giancarlo
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Malfatti
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Luciano
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Malfatti
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Valeriano
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the moment LyX doesn't support multirow cells.
+ Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.
+ They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
+ explained in the tables section of the
+\emph on
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+degrees counterclockwise.
+ These rotations are not visible in LyX but in the output.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Meneguzzo
+Note:
+\series default
+ Most DVI-viewers are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ able to display rotations.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Roberto
+The
+\family sans
+Borders
+\family default
+ tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
+ The button
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ adds lines for all cell borders.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Longtables
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Longtables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Mezzadra
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Longtables
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Roberto
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+long
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
+\family default
+ in the tab
+\family sans
+Longtable
+\family default
+ of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
+ Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the first page, if
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+header
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the last page, if
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify a row where the table is split.
+ If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
+ of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
+ The others will then be defined as
+\emph on
+empty
+\emph default
+.
+ In this context, first means first in this order:
+\family sans
+Footer, Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Header,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header.
+
+\family default
+ See the following longtable to see how it works:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pirpamer
+Example Phone List (ignore the names)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Erich
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Pochiesa
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Paolo
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555, 222
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\series bold
-Radina
+Example Phone List
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Claudio
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Stuffer
+NAME
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Oskar
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row endfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\series bold
-Tacchelli
+continue ...
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ugo
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Tezzele
+Annovi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Margit
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Silvia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Unterkalmsteiner
+Bertoli
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Frieda
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Stefano
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vieider
+Bozzi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hilde
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Walter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Vigna
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Jürgen
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maria
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-999
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Weber
+Cachia
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Winkler
+Cinquemani
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Franz
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giusi
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-555
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true" endlastfoot="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-End
+Colin
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bernard
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Concli
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Cells
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Tables ! Cells"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Gianfranco
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Table-Cells"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Dal Bosco
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
- All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
- Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
- But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
-\family sans
-Section*
-\family default
-, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
- for the cell's paragraph.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
- for the column in the table dialog.
- Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
- is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
- An example:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Carolina
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="3cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
+\series bold
+Dalpiaz
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Annamaria
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
+\series bold
+Feliciello
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is a multiline entry in a table.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Domenico
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-5
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-6
+\series bold
+Focarelli
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is longer now.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-7
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-8
+\series bold
+Galletti
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-This is a multiline entry in a table.
- This is longer now.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oreste
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-9
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Gasparini
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franca
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
- You can cut and paste even more than one row.
- Selection with the mouse or with
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- plus the arrow keys works as usual.
- You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
- the selection from outside the table.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Floats"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Floats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Rizzardi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
- have a fixed location.
- It can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
-
-\family sans
-Footnotes
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Margin\InsetSpace ~
-Notes
-\family default
- are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
- too much notes at the page.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Floats makes it possible to get a high quality layout.
- Images and tables can evenly be spread to the pages to avoid whitespace
- and pages without text.
- As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
-, every float can be referenced in the text.
- Floats are therefore numbered.
- Referencing is described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\series bold
+Lassini
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giancarlo
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert a float, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Floats
-\family default
-.
- A box with a caption that has e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-#:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- (# is the actual number) will be inserted into your document.
- The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
- the output.
- Behind the label you can insert the caption text.
- The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
- paragraph within the float.
- To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box
- by left-clicking on the box label.
- A closed float box looks like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/floatQt4.png
- scale 80
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- -- a gray button with a red label.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
- LaTeX-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Float Types
+\series bold
+Malfatti
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Figure Floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Floats ! Figure floats"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Figure-Floats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Luciano
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Figure
-\family default
- inserts a float with the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-#:
-\series default
+Malfatti
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- Set the cursor behind this label, press enter and insert the image as described
- above to get the caption printed below the image.
- This is what we did for Figure\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Valeriano
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:kill-plat"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- If you want the caption to be above the image, set the cursor at the end
- of the caption, press enter and insert the image.
- This was done in Figure\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:escher"
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- display color
- width 50col%
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:kill-plat"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:escher"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Erich
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-M.C.
- Escher on acid.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Pochiesa
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- display color
- scale 80
- rotateOrigin center
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paolo
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111, 222
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This figure float show also how to set a label and create a cross-reference
- to it.
- As described in section\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+Radina
+\end_layout
-, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- and refer to it using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
-.
- It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
- references like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-the figure above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Claudio
+\end_layout
-, because as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document; it
- might not be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
-above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- at all.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Stuffer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Normally one inserts only one image to a figure float, but sometimes you
- might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
- This can be done in the graphics dialog: Right-click on an image and go
- to the tab
-\family sans
-Extra\InsetSpace ~
-options
-\family default
- in the appearing dialog, use the option
-\family sans
-Subfigure
-\family default
-, and enter the subcaption for the image in the now enabled caption field.
- Figure\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
- You can also set the images one below the other.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\hfill
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- width 45col%
- subcaption
- subcaptionText "Undefinable structure"
+\series bold
+Tacchelli
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
+\end_layout
-\hfill
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 60
- width 45col%
- subcaption
- subcaptionText "Platypus"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\hfill
-
+\series bold
+Tezzele
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Two distorted images.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frieda
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the caption is added to the
-\family sans
-List\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Figures
-\family default
- as described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ListsOf"
+\series bold
+Vieider
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hilde
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Table Floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Floats ! Table floats"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Table-Floats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Vigna
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table floats can be inserted using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table
-\family default
-.
- They have the same properties as figure floats except of the different
- label.
- Table\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:a table float"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jürgen
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- is an example of a table float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:a table float"
+\series bold
+Weber
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A table float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
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-\family default
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-
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-
-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
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-.
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+Carolina
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-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
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-
\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
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-The better solution is to use the LaTeX-package
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-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
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-\family sans
-Rotate\InsetSpace ~
-sideways
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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- (They are rotated to the left in a two-sided document when they are on
- a page with an even number).
- Forcing their rotation direction is not yet supported by LyX.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
\end_layout
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-Referencing rotated floats is the same like for normal floats, the caption
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-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Rotated-table"
-
\end_inset
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- is an example of a rotated table float.
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-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
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+<row>
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-\begin_inset Float table
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-sideways true
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-\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
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-sideways
-\family default
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-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
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-
\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
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-Use\InsetSpace ~
-default\InsetSpace ~
-placement
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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-if\InsetSpace ~
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
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-Top\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-page: try to place the float on the top of the current page
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+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-page: try to place the float on the bottom of the current page
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-floats: try to place the float on an own page
+\series bold
+Malfatti
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The order of the above option is
-\emph on
-always
-\emph default
- used by LaTeX.
- That means, if you use the default placement, LaTeX will first try out
-
-\family sans
-Here\InsetSpace ~
-if\InsetSpace ~
-possible
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-Top\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-page
-\family default
-, and then the others.
- If you don't use the default, LaTeX will try only the checked options but
- in the same order.
- If none of the 4 placements are possible the procedure is internally repeated
- but it is tried to put the float on the following page.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, each options has its own rules:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Valeriano
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-Top\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-page
-\family default
- only floats occupying less than 70\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-% of the page can be placed at the top
- of a page
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Bottom\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-page
-\family default
-: only floats occupying less than 30\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-% of the page can be placed at the bottom
- of a page.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-floats
-\family default
-: only if more than 50\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-% of the page are occupied by floats, several floats
- can be set together on a page.
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like these rules, you can ignore them by using the additional
- option
-\family sans
-Ignore\InsetSpace ~
-LaTeX\InsetSpace ~
-rules
-\family default
-.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you might need, under all circumstances, a float to be placed
- exactly at the position where it is inserted.
- For this case you can use the option
-\family sans
-Here\InsetSpace ~
-definitely
-\family default
-.
- Use this option very rarely and only if the document is nearly ready to
- be printed.
- Because the float is then no longer able to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- when you change your document and this will often destroy the page layout.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are no placement options for text wrap floats, because they are always
- surrounded by the text of a certain paragraph.
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For more details about float placements, have a look at LaTeX books like
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Minipages
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Minipages"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page,
- called minipage.
- Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.\InsetSpace ~
-apply.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Minipages in LyX have their own collapsable box inserted via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Box
-\family default
-.
- Right-clicking on the box allows you to alter the width of the minipage
- and its alignment within the page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-width "30col%"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\shape italic
-This is a minipage.
- The text is set in an italic style.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Erich
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\shape italic
-Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
- another formatting.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Pochiesa
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
-\family sans
-Horizontal Fills
-\family default
- as described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paolo
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555, 222
+\end_layout
-:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Radina
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Claudio
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Box Frameless
-position "t"
-hor_pos "c"
-has_inner_box 1
-inner_pos "t"
-use_parbox 0
-width "1.5in"
-special "none"
-height "1pt"
-height_special "totalheight"
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
- This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Stuffer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Mathematical Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Formulas | see{Math}"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Tacchelli
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Basic Math Editing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Basics"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.xpm
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
- corners.
- That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
- what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
- You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
- menu.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Editing the parameters of a formula may be done from the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-, that appears when you right-click on a formula (also available with the
- menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-), or via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
-.
- The math panel is very useful, so you may want to open it and leave it
- somewhere on the screen.
- If you're not already in a formula, selecting anything from the math panel
- will insert a formula for you.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two main types of formulas: Inline formulas appear within a text
- line, like this one:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tezzele
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with an inline formula
-\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- in it.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Displayed formulas appear outside the text like as they were in an own paragraph
-, like this one:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=B\]
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports also many LaTeX math commands.
- E.g.
- typing
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-alpha
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frieda
+\end_layout
-, followed by a space, in a formula will create the greek letter
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- So typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Navigating in Formulas
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Navigating"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Vieider
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
- achieved with the arrow keys.
- LyX uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
- The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- will leave a formula construct (a square root
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, or parentheses
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hilde
+\end_layout
-, or a matrix
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4\end{array}\right]$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-).
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Escape
-\family default
- will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
- cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-, printed in this document as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+Vigna
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jürgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+999
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This command will appear in the output as official character denoting the
- space character (visible space).
+\series bold
+Weber
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
- characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
- For this reason, you have to be careful about using
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
-\end_inset
-
-, type
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-2x+1
-\series default
- and not
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+Winkler
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franz
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-2x
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endlastfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-spce
+\series bold
+End
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-+1
-\series default
-, since in the latter case only the
-\family typewriter
-
-\begin_inset Formula $2x$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_layout
-\family default
- will be under the square root sign:
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
- in, such as:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-\lambda_{1}\\
- & \ddots\\
- & & \lambda_{n}\end{array}\right)\]
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
-If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
- in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Selecting Text
-\end_layout
+Table Cells
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
- Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- and a cursor movement key to select text.
- It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
- Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
- That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
- but not in a normal text region in LyX.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Cells
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Math Panel
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Math Panel"
-
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:math-panel"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Table-Cells"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- dialog is accessible by right-clicking on a formula or via the menu
+A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
+ All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
+ Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
+ But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
+Section*
\family default
-.
- It has an extensive list of symbols and structures.
- As stated earlier, you can keep the math panel open when writing mathematics.
- The use of the panel should be fairly obvious; we'll describe some of the
- details in the following sections.
+, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
+ for the cell's paragraph.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Exponents and Subscripts
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Exponents"
+\begin_layout Standard
+To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
+ for the column in the table dialog.
+ Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
+ is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
+ An example:
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Subscripts"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts, but the much easier
- way is to use a command.
- To get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, type in a formula
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series default
-.
- The final
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
- If you type
-\series bold
-x^2y
-\series default
-, you will get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multiline entry in a table.
+\end_layout
-, to get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, type
-\series bold
-x^2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-spce
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+6
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-y
-\series default
-.
- If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
- hat
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-^
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is longer now.
+\end_layout
-, you have to use an extra
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- to separate the hat and the character.
- E.g.
- if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, type
-\series bold
-x^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+7
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+8
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-a
-\series default
-.
- Subscripts are similar: To get
-\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-, type
-\series bold
-a_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multiline entry in a table.
+ This is longer now.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-spce
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+9
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
-\series default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that by default, the superscript or subscript is only for the single
- symbol to the left, which changes the spacing and alignment; you should
- read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Grouping"
+Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
+ You can cut and paste even more than one row.
+ Selection with the mouse or with
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ plus the arrow keys works as usual.
+ You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
+ the selection from outside the table.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- if you need to alter this.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fractions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Fractions"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Floats"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Create a fraction with either the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-frac
-\series default
- or using the icon
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.xpm
- scale 60
+A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
+ have a fixed location.
+ It can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-.
- You will be presented with an empty fraction.
- The cursor is above the fraction line.
- To move it to the bottom, simply press
+ forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
+
\family sans
-Down
+Footnotes
\family default
-.
- To move back up, press
+ and
\family sans
-Up
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
\family default
-.
- Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-2 & 3\\
-4 & 5\end{array}\right)}\right]\]
+ are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
+ too much notes at the page.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Floats makes it possible to get a high quality layout.
+ Images and tables can evenly be spread to the pages to avoid whitespace
+ and pages without text.
+ As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
+, every float can be referenced in the text.
+ Floats are therefore numbered.
+ Referencing is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Roots
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Roots"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Roots can be created using the
+To insert a float, use the menu
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Floats
\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.xpm
+.
+ A box with a caption that has e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or the commands
-\series bold
+the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
-.
- With the command
-\series bold
+#:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-root
-\series default
- you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
-\series bold
+ (# is the actual number) will be inserted into your document.
+ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
+ the output.
+ Behind the label you can insert the caption text.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\series default
- produces always a square root.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Captions
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Operators with Limits
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Sums"
+\end_inset
+
+ The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
+ paragraph within the float.
+ To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box
+ by left-clicking on the box label.
+ A closed float box looks like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/floatQt4.png
+ scale 80
\end_inset
+ -- a gray button with a red label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
+ LaTeX-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float Types
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Figure Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Integrals"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Figure floats
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Figure-Floats"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sum (
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+The menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Figure
+\family default
+ inserts a float with the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-) and integral (
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
-\end_inset
-) operators are very often decorated with limits.
- These limits can be entered in LyX by entering them as you would enter
- a super- or subscript, directly after the symbol.
- The sum operator will automatically place its
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\series bold
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-limits
+#:
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and on the side in inline
- formulas.
- Such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+.
+ Set the cursor above this label (or before it and press enter) and insert
+ the image as described above to get the caption printed below the image.
+ This is what we did for Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, versus
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e\]
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Platypus"
\end_inset
-Integral signs, however, will place the limits on the side in both formula
- types.
-\end_layout
+.
+ If you want the caption to be above the image, set the cursor at the end
+ of the caption, press enter and insert the image.
+ This was done in Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Escher"
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
- display mode.
- The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
- behind the operator and hitting
-\family sans
-M-m l
-\family default
- or using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Change\InsetSpace ~
-Limits\InsetSpace ~
-Type
-\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Certain other mathematical expressions have this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ width 50col%
+ rotateOrigin center
-moving limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- feature as addition, such as
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Limits"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Platypus"
\end_inset
-which will place the
-\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
-\end_inset
+A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\end_layout
- underneath the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-lim
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- in display mode.
- In inline formulas it looks like this:
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
-\backslash
-lim
-\series default
-.
- Have a look at sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Escher"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:math-functions"
+M.C.
+ Escher on acid.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- for an explanation of function macros.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Symbols
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Symbols"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ scale 80
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Most math symbols can be found in the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- under one of several categories; including
-\family sans
-Greek
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Operators
-\family default
- ,
+This figure float show also how to set a label and create a cross-reference
+ to it.
+ As described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
\family sans
-Relations
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\family default
-,
+ and refer to it using the menu
\family sans
-Arrows
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
\family default
.
- There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
- Society (AMS).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you know the LaTeX-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use,
- you don't have to use the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-, but can type the command directly into the formula.
- LyX will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
-\end_layout
+ It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
+ references like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Altering Spacing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Spaces"
+the figure above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+, because as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document; it
+ might not be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ at all.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You may want to create spaces that differs from the standard spacing that
- LaTeX provides.
- To do this, type
-\family sans
-C-Space
-\family default
- or to use the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/space.xpm
+Normally only one image is inserted to a figure float, but sometimes you
+ might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
+ This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
+ Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
\end_inset
-.
- This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
- Here a example for the sequence
-\series bold
-a C-Space b
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\, b$
+ is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
+ You can also set the images one below the other.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (appears in LyX as
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Undefinable"
\end_inset
-).
- You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
- the space marker and hit space again several times.
- With every space hit the size will be changed.
- Some markers for the space size appear red in LyX, because they are a negative
- spaces.
- Here two examples:
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are the subfigures.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
-\series bold
-a C-Space b
-\series default
- and 3×
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Undefinable
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ width 45col%
-\series bold
-a C-Space b
-\series default
- and 5×
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\! b$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Functions"
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:math-functions"
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Platypus
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- contains a number of functions, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
+
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-,
-\emph on
-etc
-\emph default
-.
- (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
-\series bold
-\backslash
-sin
-\series default
- etc.).
- Standard mathematical practice is, that functions are printed upright to
- avoid confusions, because
-\begin_inset Formula $sin$
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
- does normally mean
-\begin_inset Formula $s·i·n$
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
\end_inset
-.
+Two distorted images.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
-
-\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
\end_inset
- is different from
-\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For some mathematical objects, like the limes, the macro changes the way
- that subscripts are placed, like described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+Note that the caption is added to the
+\family sans
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
-
+Figures
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Accents"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Table Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Table floats
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
- mode.
- This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
- You can also use LaTeX commands to e.g.
- enter
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
\end_inset
- even if your keyboard doesn't have hat-accents enabled.
- Our example is entered by typing
-\series bold
-\backslash
-hat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Table-Floats"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table floats can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ They have the same properties as figure floats except of the different
+ label.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-a
-\series default
- in a formula.
- Table\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Accent-names-and"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Table-float"
\end_inset
- shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
+ is an example of a table float.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
wide false
sideways false
-status collapsed
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Accent-names-and"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Table-float"
\end_inset
-Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+A table float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Name
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-E
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-xample
+3
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-circumflex
+Joe
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-hat
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Mary
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+Ted
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-grave
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-\backslash
-grave
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+a & b\\
+c & d\end{array}\right]$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-acute
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-acute
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-umlaut
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Algorithm Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-ddot
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Algorithm floats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This float type is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Algorithm
+\family default
+.
+ It is used for program codes and descriptions of algorithms.
+ A possible environment for algorithms is the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LyX-Code"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-tilde
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ that the float label is not automatically translated into the document
+ language.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ You have to do this manually by adding the following line
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-tilde
-\end_layout
-
+floatname{algorithm}{your
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+name}
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
+\begin_layout Standard
+to the document preamble (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+).
+
+\series bold
+your
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
+name
+\series default
+ is the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-dot
-\end_layout
+\emph on
+algorithm
+\emph default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ in your language.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Wrap Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-dot
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Text Wrap Floats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Wrap-Floats"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Wrap figure
+lines 0
+placement l
+overhang 0in
+width "40col%"
+status open
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-breve
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ width 40col%
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-\backslash
-breve
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Wrapped-figure"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+This is a wrapped figure.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-caron
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+This float type is used if you want to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+wrap
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ text around a figure so that it only occupies some fraction of the column
+ width.
+ It can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Wrap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Float
+\family default
+ if the LaTeX-package
\series bold
+wrapfig
+\series default
-\backslash
-check
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ is installed.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Installing a LaTeX-package is explained it in the
+\emph on
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Configuration
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-macron
-\end_layout
+ The width and placement of the float is adjusted by right-clicking on the
+ float box.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Wrapped-figure"
-\backslash
-bar
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+ is for example a figure wrap float with a width of 40
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+col%.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Available units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-vector
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ Some space was added under the caption to separate it better from the surroundi
+ng text.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-vec
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Wrap floats might be fragile! E.g.
+ having a figure too close to the bottom of the page can mess things up
+ in the way that the float doesn't appear in the output or that it is placed
+ over some other text.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ In general:
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats should not be placed in paragraphs that run over a page break.
+ That means that wrap floats should better be inserted to the exact place
+ when the document is nearly ready and you are able to estimate where page
+ breaks will appear.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats should either be placed in an own paragraph before the paragraph
+ where they should wrap into or within a paragraph.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats in consecutive paragraphs may cause troubles, so assure that
+ there is a text paragraph between them as separator.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats are not allowed in section headings or tables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Rotated Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Rotated-Floats"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Rotating
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
+Especially for wide tables you might have floats rotated.
+ To rotate a whole float including the caption, right-click on the float-box
+ and use the option
\family sans
-Frame\InsetSpace ~
-decorations
+Rotate
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sideways
\family default
- symbol set in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have
- made within a formula too.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Brackets"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rotated floats are always placed on its own page (or column, in case you
+ have a multi-column document).
+ You can let them span several columns using the float settings option
+\family sans
+Span
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+columns
+\family default
+.
+ Floats are rotated so that you can read them from the outside margin.
+ Forcing the rotation direction is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Referencing rotated floats is the same like for normal floats, the caption
+ format is also the same: Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Delimiters"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Rotated-table"
\end_inset
+ is an example of a rotated table float.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Not all DVI-viewers are able to display rotated floats.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are several brackets available through LyX.
- For most purposes, using just the keys
-\family typewriter
-[]{}()|<>
-\family default
- should suffice.
- But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
- or if you have several layers of brackets, is better using
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-'s delimiter icon
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/delim.xpm
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways true
+status open
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
-.
- For example, that's how you would construct the brackets around a standard
- matrix such as:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4\end{array}\right]\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Rotated-table"
\end_inset
-and to make it easier to see the layers of parentheses as in:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\]
+ Rotated table
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The parentheses, and other brackets from that menu will automatically re-size
- to accommodate the size of what is inside.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
- left side and right side.
- If you use the option
-\family sans
-Keep\InsetSpace ~
-matched
-\family default
-, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
- The selection will be shown below the button field.
- If you want one side to not have a bracket, use the blank button.
- It will appear in LyX with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="5">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to place brackets around math structures, like a square root,
- you can do that by highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to go
- inside the brackets.
- Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
-\family sans
-Insert
-\family default
-.
- The parentheses will be drawn around the selected structure.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+test
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The next section explains how to insert a LaTeX
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-{
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- for grouping.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+b
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Grouping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Grouping"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Grouping"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+c
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You may need to group a set of symbols.
- In LaTeX, for example, the typesetting of
-\family typewriter
-{x^y}^z
-\family default
- is different from
-\family typewriter
-x^{y^z}
-\family default
-:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+d
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-^{z}\quad\mathrm{differs\; from}\quad x^{y^{z}}\]
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create this grouping, you need to use the key sequence
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-{
-\series default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- then type space.
- Inside LyX, you will see red braces indicating the grouping.
- Within this braces you insert the grouped structure.
- The grouping braces won't appear in the output in contrary to normal braces.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Arrays and Multi-line Equations
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Arrays"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float Placement
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Float-Placement"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Matrices"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Multi-line Equations"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Placement
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Matrices are entered in LyX using the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- matrix button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/matrix.xpm
+Right-clicking on a float-box opens a dialog where you can alter the placement
+ options that LaTeX uses for positioning the float.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The option
+\family sans
+Span
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 2 & 3\\
-4 & 5 & 6\\
-7 & 8 & 9\end{array}\right)\]
+columns
+\family default
+ is only useful for two-column documents: If you select it, the float will
+ span across both columns on the page instead of being confined to just
+ one.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The option
+\family sans
+Rotate
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+sideways
+\family default
+ is used to rotate floats, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Rotated-Floats"
\end_inset
.
- When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
- will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
- This alignment is set in the box
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use one ore more of the following options in the float dialog to
+ set the placement for a particular float when you uncheck the option
\family sans
-Horizontal
-\family default
- with the letters
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-l
+placement
\family default
+:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Description
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+if
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+possible: try to place the float on the position where it is inserted
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-r
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Description
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+page: try to place the float on the top of the current page
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Description
+Bottom
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- LyX proposes a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+page: try to place the float on the bottom of the current page
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-c
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Description
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- for every column as default.
- For example, the sequence
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+floats: try to place the float on an own page
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The order of the above option is
+\emph on
+always
+\emph default
+ used by LaTeX.
+ That means, if you use the default placement, LaTeX will first try out
+
\family sans
-lrc
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
- centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
- corresponds to the relevant column.
- The result will look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{array}{lcr}
-this & this\, column & this\, column\\
-column & has & has\, right\\
-has\, left\, alignment & center\, alignment & alignment\end{array}.\]
+if
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+possible
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+page
+\family default
+, and then the others.
+ If you don't use the default, LaTeX will try only the checked options but
+ in the same order.
+ If none of the 4 placements are possible the procedure is internally repeated
+ but it is tried to put the float on the following page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can add more rows to an existing matrix by hitting
-\family sans
-C-Enter
-\family default
- while the cursor is in the matrix.
- Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
-.
+By default, each options has its own rules:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
- It can be created with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cases\InsetSpace ~
-Environment
-\family default
- or the command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-cases
-\series default
-.
- Here an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
--1 & x<0\\
-0 & x=0\\
-1 & x>0\end{cases}\]
+\family sans
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+page
+\family default
+ only floats occupying less than 70
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+% of the page can be placed at the top of a page
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-Multi-line formulas are created when you press
-\family sans
-\series medium
-C-E
-\series default
-nter
-\family default
- within a formula.
- In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
- column.
- When you press
\family sans
-\series medium
-C-E
-\series default
-nter
-\family default
- in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Bottom
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-=
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- etc.) will be inserted automatically to the first column, the relation sign
- is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
- A new row is created by every further hit of
-\family sans
-\series medium
-C-E
-\series default
-nter
+page
\family default
-.
- Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
-a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}\end{eqnarray}
-
+: only floats occupying less than 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- To change the column assignment of the formula parts, place the cursor
- where you want to start the shift and hit
+% of the page can be placed at the bottom of a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
\family sans
-C-Tab.
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+floats
\family default
- It shifts everything in the column which is right beside the current cursor
- position to the next column.
- Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs, structures
- within this column will be printed in a smaller size:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}\end{eqnarray*}
+: only if more than 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+% of the page are occupied by floats, several floats can be set together
+ on a page.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like these rules, you can ignore them by using the additional
+ option
+\family sans
+Ignore
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+rules
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The multi-line formula type described here is called
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-eqnarray
+Sometimes you might need, under all circumstances, a float to be placed
+ exactly at the position where it is inserted.
+ For this case you can use the option
+\family sans
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+definitely
\family default
-\series default
.
- There are other multi-line types being more suitable for certain situations,
- for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:asquared"
-
+ Use this option very rarely and only if the document is nearly ready to
+ be printed.
+ Because the float is then no longer able to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-).
- The other types are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ when you change your document and this will often destroy the page layout.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are no placement options for text wrap floats, because they are always
+ surrounded by the text of a certain paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For more details about float placements, have a look at LaTeX books like
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Formula Numbering and Referencing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Formula numbering"
+Minipages
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Minipages
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Referencing formulas"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Minipages"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LaTeX provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page,
+ called minipage.
+ Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+apply.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
+Minipages in LyX have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-Numbering
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-n
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Box
\family default
.
- The formula number appears in LyX as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-#
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ Right-clicking on the box allows you to alter the width of the minipage
+ and its alignment within the page.
+\end_layout
- within parentheses.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "30col%"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
-#
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- denotes, that the number will be calculated automatically when the output
- is generated.
- The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
- the document class.
- In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
- separated by a dot:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-1+1=2\end{equation}
+\shape italic
+This is a minipage.
+ The text is set in an italic style.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Using
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-n
-\family default
- in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
- You can only number displayed formulas.
+\shape italic
+Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
+ another formatting.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-Numbering\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Line
-\family default
- or the shortcut
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-N
-\family default
- will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is in:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 3-2\\
-2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
-4 & \leq & 7\end{eqnarray}
-
\end_inset
-To number all lines use the shortcut
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-n
-\family default
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
- A label is inserted with the menu
+If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
+Horizontal Fills
\family default
- when the cursor is in the formula.
- This opens a dialog to enter the label.
- It is recommended to use the proposed
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family sans
-eq:
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
- as first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the label
- type when you have many labels in your document.
- We inserted in the following example the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-eq:tanhExp
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
- in the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
- & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}\end{eqnarray}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
-Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
- Therefore the label is shown in LyX at the place of the formula number
- placeholder
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-#
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-.
- You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross\InsetSpace ~
-Reference
-\family default
-.
- A dialog appears to choose a label you want refer to.
- The reference appears in LyX as grey cross reference box and in the output
- as the formula number:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a cross-reference to equation (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The properties of LyX's cross-reference box are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Cross-References"
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you right-click on a minipage box, you can change the box from a minipage
+ to other box types.
+ All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-.
- To delete a label, set the cursor in the labeled formula, use the menu
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- and delete the label in the appearing dialog.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Mathematical Formulas
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a unintuitive and will be fixed in the next version of LyX.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-User defined math macros
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Macros"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formulas | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX allows you to define macros for formulas.
- For example we assume that solutions of the quadratic equation often occur
- in our document in various forms and we want to create a macro to print
- them.
-\newline
-The general form of a quadratic equation is:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
-
\end_inset
-The general form of its solution is:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+Math
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The macro should print the parameters
-\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $p$
-\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Formula $q$
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
\end_inset
- like in the equation above.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A macro is created by executing the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-math-macro
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Math Editing
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Basics
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Name
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
+.
+ That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
+ corners.
+ That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
+ what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
+ You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ menu.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
+ with the
+\family sans
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Number\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Arguments
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears when the cursor is in a formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-in the minibuffer at the bottom of the LyX screen.
- Name is the name of the new macro which mustn't contain numbers.
- The number of arguments can be a number in the range 1-9.
- If you want to define a macro without arguments, don't declare the number
- of arguments.
+There are two main types of formulas: Inline formulas appear within a text
+ line, like this one:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We have three arguments and name the macro
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-qE
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+This is a line with an inline formula
+\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
\end_inset
-, so that the command is:
+ in it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Displayed formulas appear outside the text like as they were in an own paragraph
+, like this one:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+A=B\]
-\series bold
-math-macro
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
+You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports also many LaTeX math commands.
+ E.g.
+ typing
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-qE
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+alpha
+\series default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-3
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This results in the following macro definition box:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/macrobox.png
-
+, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset FormulaMacro
-\newcommand{\qE}[3]{#1_{1,\,2}=-\frac{#2}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
-{\textrm{qE: }#1\textrm{ , }#2\textrm{ , }#3}
+.
+ So typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Navigating in Formulas
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The first box is an image to show the behaviour in the output.
- The second one is the definition box, that doesn't appear in the output.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Navigating
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The first blue box is for the definition, where you insert the formula via
- the math panel or commands.
- The placeholder for the arguments are inserted as a backslash and sharp
- followed by the argument number, e.g.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
+ achieved with the arrow keys.
+ LyX uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
+ The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ will leave a formula construct (a square root
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-#1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+, or parentheses
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
\end_inset
- for the first argument.
- Placeholders will be displayed in red.
- The second blue box is for the appearance in LyX.
- This is useful when you have a large structure that shouldn't be displayed
- in LyX with its full size.
- If you want to see the macro as it is defined, leave the box blank.
- In our example we insert the sequence
-\newline
-
-\series bold
-qE:
-\backslash
-#1
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-,
-\series default
-
-\series bold
+, or a matrix
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-#2
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-,
-\series default
+).
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Escape
+\family default
+ will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-#3
-\newline
-
-\series default
-The macro will then be shown as the macro name followed by the three arguments.
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
+ cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the macro in a formula, type its name as command, in our case
+
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+, printed in this document as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-qE
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
- The macro is inserted with boxes for the arguments looking similar to this:
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/macrouse.png
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The arguments are inserted in the blue boxes.
- If the cursor is outside the macro, the arguments are put in the macro.
- To change the arguments, put the cursor in the formula before or after
- the macro and press the right or left arrow key respectively.
- The arguments appear now again below the macro definition.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command will appear in the output as official character denoting the
+ space character (visible space).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you change the macro definition all macros are changed automatically
- to the new definition.
- Here an example of our macro with the arguments
-\begin_inset Formula $x$
-\end_inset
-
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Formula $B$
+, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
+ characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
+ For this reason, you have to be careful about using
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qE{x}{\ln(y)}{B}\]
+, type
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When the document is exported to LaTeX, the macro definition will be inserted
- as the command:
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+2x+1
+\series default
+ and not
\series bold
\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-qE}[3]{#1_{1,
-\backslash
-,2}=-
-\backslash
-frac{#2}{2}
-\backslash
-pm
-\newline
-
+sqrt
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hphantom{
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
+2x
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
++1
+\series default
+, since in the latter case only the
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
-sqrt{
-\backslash
-frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula $2x$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command is not inserted in the document preamble.
- That means you can only use macros in formulas that are below the macro
- definition box in your document.
- There are also some other restrictions: The command
-\backslash
-newcommand supports optional arguments, which are not available in LyX's
- macros.
- You can also not change subsequently the name of the macro and the number
- of arguments.
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Fine-Tuning
+\family default
+ will be under the square root sign:
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Typefaces
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Typefaces"
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
+ in, such as:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+\lambda_{1}\\
+ & \ddots\\
+ & & \lambda_{n}\end{array}\right)\]
\end_inset
+If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
+ in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Selecting Text
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
- To set a font in a formula, use the
+You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
+ Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Shift
\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/font.xpm
-
-\end_inset
+ and a cursor movement key to select text.
+ It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
+ Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
+ That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
+ but not in a normal text region in LyX.
+\end_layout
-, or enter its command, listed in table\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Exponents and Subscripts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Exponents
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, directly.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Subscripts
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts, but the much easier
+ way is to use a command.
+ To get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
\end_inset
+, type in a formula
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Font
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Command
-\end_layout
+\series default
+.
+ The final
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
+ If you type
+\series bold
+x^2y
+\series default
+, you will get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+, to get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
\end_inset
+, type
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-mathrm
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+y
+\series default
+.
+ If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
+ hat
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
+^
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+, you have to use an extra
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ to separate the hat and the character.
+ E.g.
+ if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
+\end_inset
+, type
\series bold
+x^
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-mathbf
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+a
+\series default
+.
+ Subscripts are similar: To get
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
\end_inset
+, type
+\series bold
+a_1
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-mathit
+spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
-\end_inset
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fractions
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Fractions
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Create a fraction with either the command
\series bold
\backslash
-mathtt
-\end_layout
+frac
+\series default
+ or using the icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/frac.png
+ scale 60
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+ You will be presented with an empty fraction.
+ The cursor is above the fraction line.
+ To move it to the bottom, simply press
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+.
+ To move back up, press
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+.
+ Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
+2 & 3\\
+4 & 5\end{array}\right)}\right]\]
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathbb
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Roots
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Roots
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-\backslash
-mathfrak
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph on
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
+Roots can be created using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ or the commands
+\series bold
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ or
\series bold
\backslash
-mathcal
-\end_layout
+root
+\series default
+.
+ With the command
+\series bold
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+ you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ produces always a square root.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Operators with Limits
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Sums
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-mathsf
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Integrals
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that you can only print capital letters in the typefaces
-\family sans
-Blackbold
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Calligraphic
-\family default
-.
- When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
- Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- within the box, will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a
- protected space when you need a space in the box.
- Here an example where a
+Sum (
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\end_inset
+
+) and integral (
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\end_inset
+
+) operators are very often decorated with limits.
+ These limits can be entered in LyX by entering them as you would enter
+ a super- or subscript, directly after the symbol.
+ The sum operator will automatically place its
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-N
+limits
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in
-\family sans
-Blackbold
-\family default
- denotes the set of numbers:
+ over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and on the side in inline
+ formulas.
+ Such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+\end_inset
+
+, versus
\begin_inset Formula \[
-f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\: x\in\mathbb{N}\]
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e\]
\end_inset
-
+Integral signs, however, will place the limits on the side in both formula
+ types.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
- You can e.g.
- put a character in
+All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
+ display mode.
+ The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
+ behind the operator and hitting
\family sans
-Fraktur
+M-m l
\family default
- in a box for
+ or using the menu
\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\newline
-So better don't use this feature.
+Limits
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Type
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The typefaces have no effect on greek letters:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
+Certain other mathematical expressions have this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\newline
-You can only print them emboldened using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
-, which works like the other typeface commands:
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+moving limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ feature as addition, such as
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Limits
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series default
- works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),\]
-\begin_layout Standard
-A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Font\InsetSpace ~
-Change
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Text"
+which will place the
+\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+\end_inset
+
+ underneath the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+lim
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ in display mode.
+ In inline formulas it looks like this:
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
- not for text.
- For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
- the entry
-\family sans
-Normal\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-mode
-\family default
- of the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/font.xpm
+Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
+\series bold
+\backslash
+lim
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (alternatively the shortcut
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
-).
- Math text appears in LyX in black instead of blue.
- You can use spaces and accents in math text like in normal text.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-f(x)=\begin{cases}
-x & \textrm{if I say so}\\
--x & \textrm{unter Umständen}\end{cases}\]
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Functions"
+\end_inset
+ for an explanation of function macros.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Font sizes"
+Math Symbols
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Symbols
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
- automatically chosen in most situations.
- These are called
+Most math symbols can be found in the
\family sans
-textstyle
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
\family default
-,
+ under one of several categories; including
\family sans
-displaystyle
+Greek
\family default
,
\family sans
-scriptstyle
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-scriptscriptstyle
-\family default
-.
- For most characters,
-\family sans
-textstyle
+Operators
\family default
- and
+ ,
\family sans
-displaystyle
+Relations
\family default
- are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
- and certain other structures, are set larger in
+,
\family sans
-displaystyle
+Arrows
\family default
.
- Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
- situations, all text will be set in the styles as LaTeX thinks is appropriate.
- These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/style.xpm
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
- For example, you can set
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
-\end_inset
+ There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
+ Society (AMS).
+\end_layout
-, which is normally in
-\family sans
-textstyle
-\family default
-, larger in
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you know the LaTeX-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use,
+ you don't have to use the
\family sans
-displaystyle
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- The four styles are used in the following example:
+Panel
+\family default
+, but can type the command directly into the formula.
+ LyX will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Altering Spacing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Spaces
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Altering-Spacing"
+
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All these math-mode font sizes are relative, that means, if the whole math
- inset is set in a particular size with the menu
+You may want to create spaces that differs from the standard spacing that
+ LaTeX provides.
+ To do this, type
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+C-Space
\family default
-, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
- Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
- will be adjusted to correspond.
- As example a formula in the font size
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ or to use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/space.png
-\family roman
-\size largest
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
\end_inset
+.
+ This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
+ Here a example for the sequence
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\, b$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-AMS-LaTeX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "AMS math"
+ (appears in LyX as
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
\end_inset
+).
+ You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
+ the space marker and hit space again several times.
+ With every space hit the size will be changed.
+ Some markers for the space size appear red in LyX, because they are a negative
+ spaces.
+ Here two examples:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! AMS"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+ and 3×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society
- (AMS) that are in common use.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling AMS-Support
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Selecting the checkbox
-\family sans
-Use\InsetSpace ~
-AMS\InsetSpace ~
-math\InsetSpace ~
-package
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog under
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+ and 5×
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Options
+Space
\family default
- will include the AMS-packages in the document, and make the facilities
- available.
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\! b$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Formula Types
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
+Functions
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Functions
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Math ! Multi-line Equations"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Functions"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.
- LyX allows you to choose between
-\family typewriter
-align
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-alignat
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-flalign
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gather
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-multline
-\family default
-.
- We refer to the AMS-documentation for an explanation of these formula types.
-\end_layout
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Chapter
-More Tools
-\end_layout
+Panel
+\family default
+ contains under the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/functions.png
-\begin_layout Section
-Cross-References
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Cross references"
+\end_inset
+ a number of functions, such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Cross-References"
+,
+\emph on
+etc
+\emph default
+.
+ (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
+\series bold
+\backslash
+sin
+\series default
+ etc.).
+ Standard mathematical practice is, that functions are printed upright to
+ avoid confusions, because
+\begin_inset Formula $sin$
\end_inset
+ does normally mean
+\begin_inset Formula $s·i·n$
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One of LyX's strengths are cross-references.
- You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
- the document.
- To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
- The label is used as anchor and name for the reference.
- We want for example refer to the the second item of the following list:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First item
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "enu:Second-item"
+Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
+\end_inset
+ is different from
+\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
\end_inset
-Second item
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Third item
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
-\family default
- or the by pressing the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.xpm
- scale 85
+For some mathematical objects, like the limes, the macro changes the way
+ that subscripts are placed, like described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
\end_inset
.
- A grey label box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/labelQt4.png
- scale 85
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Accents
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Accents
+\end_layout
- is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
- LyX offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
- the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-enu: Second-item
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
+ mode.
+ This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
+ You can also use LaTeX commands to e.g.
+ enter
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
\end_inset
-.
- The prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ even if your keyboard doesn't have hat-accents enabled.
+ Our example is entered by typing
+\series bold
+\backslash
+hat
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-enu:
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
-enumerate
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted, e.g.
- if you insert a label to a section heading, the prefix will be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+a
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family sans
-sec:
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Accent-names-and"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- or the toolbat button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.xpm
- scale 85
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
-.
- A grey cross-reference box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/referenceQt4.png
- scale 85
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Accent-names-and"
- is inserted and the cross-reference window appear showing all labels of
- the document.
- We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-enu:Second-item
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
- in the output.
- Here is our cross-reference:
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Item\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "enu:Second-item"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Name
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is recommended to use a protected space
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Protected-blanks"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+E
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+xample
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+circumflex
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- between the cross-reference name and its number to avoid ugly linebreaks
- between them.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are six varieties of cross-references:
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>: prints the float number, this is the default:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-(<reference>): prints the float number within two parentheses, this is the
- style normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference
- name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- is omitted:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:tanhExp"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+grave
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\backslash
+grave
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<page>: prints the page number: Page\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand pageref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-on\InsetSpace ~
-page\InsetSpace ~
-<page>: prints the text "on page" and the page number:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+acute
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-<reference>\InsetSpace ~
-on\InsetSpace ~
-page\InsetSpace ~
-<page>: prints the float number, the text "on page", and
- the page number:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand vref
-reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Description
-Formatted\InsetSpace ~
-reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
-
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\backslash
+acute
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- This feature is only available when you have the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-prettyref
-\series default
- installed.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the style <page> won't print the page number if the label is on
- the previous, the same, or the next page.
- You will e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace ~
-see the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+umlaut
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-on this page
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- instead.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referred document part in the output,
- is automatically calculated by LaTeX.
- The varieties are adjusted in the field
-\family sans
-Format
-\family default
- of the cross-reference window, that appear when you click on the cross-referenc
-e box.
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ddot
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can only use the style
-\family sans
-<reference>
-\family default
- to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
-\family sans
-<page>
-\family default
- is always possible.
- Note that the style <page> won't print the page number if the label is
- on the previous, same, or next page.
- You will e.g.
- see the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-on this page
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
\end_inset
- instead.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading,
- to reference a float, put the label in the caption.
- For footnotes you can put the label somewhere in it.
- Referencing formulas is explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+tilde
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The button
-\family sans
-Go\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
-Label
-\family default
- in the cross-reference window sets the the cursor before the referred label.
- The button text changes then to
-\family sans
-Go\InsetSpace ~
-Back
-\family default
- and you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
- Right-clicking on a cross-reference box also sets the cursor before the
- referred label but without a possibility to go back.
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can change labels at any time by clicking on the label box.
- References to the changed label will automatically change its link to the
- new label text, so that you don't need to take care about this.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-If a cross-reference refers to a non-existing label, you'll see two question
- marks in the output instead of the reference.
+\backslash
+tilde
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Refernces are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Section
-Table of Contents and other Listings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Table of contents"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Listings"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:toc"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+dot
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table of Contents
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
-\family default
-.
- Is is displayed in LyX as a gray box.
- If you click on it, the TOC window appears, showing you the TOC entries.
- You can jump to a document part by clicking on an entry.
- Thus you can use this window as alternative for the
-\family sans
-Navigate
-\family default
- menu.
+\backslash
+dot
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The TOC lists every numbered section automatically.
- If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
\end_inset
-, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
- Section\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:numbering-depth"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
- listed in the TOC.
- You can also adjust the level for the displayed sections in the TOC window
- using the grey fader at the bottom of the window.
- Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables and Algorithms
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ListsOf"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+breve
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.
- You can insert them via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List/TOC
-\family default
- submenus.
- The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\backslash
+breve
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "URLs"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is often desirable to include long
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-verbatim
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- items in a document such as Web site URLs, e-mail addresses, etc.
- These things typically do not contain any spaces and are thus difficult
- to typeset properly.
- Such items will often fall on a line boundary if they cannot be split,
- resulting in an overfull line.
- To avoid this, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-URL
-\family default
- to enter a long URL and have it split gracefully, if necessary.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+caron
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The URL dialog has two fields; the URL field and the
-\family sans
-Name
-\family default
- field for the URL description, which will be typeset as plain text immediately
- before the URL.
- Here an example:
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+check
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "LyX-Homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-Important notes
-\series default
-:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+macron
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-When you use the following characters: "%", "#", "^", you have to write
- them with a backslash before, e.g.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-#
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\series bold
-.
+\backslash
+bar
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-URLs mustn't end with a backslash!
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Section
-Notes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Notes"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Comments ! Note boxes"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Notes"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vector
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+vec
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX offers you two possibilities of inserting notes and comments to a document
- which don't appear in the printed output: The
-\family sans
-comment
-\family default
- paragraph environment, described in section\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Comment"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
\end_inset
-, and the
-\family sans
-Note
-\family default
- box.
- Note boxes are inserted by the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Note
-\family default
-.
- The boxes appear in yellow to show the difference to other LyX boxes, but
- the box properties are the same.
- The main advantage of note boxes in comparison to the
-\family sans
-comment
-\family default
- environment is that you can close the box to save space and ease reading
- the normal text.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Appendices
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Appendix"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendices are created with the menu
+You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Start\InsetSpace ~
-Appendix\InsetSpace ~
-Here
+Frame
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+decorations
\family default
-.
- This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
- as appendix region.
- The region is marked with a red borderline.
-\end_layout
+ symbol set button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/hat.png
-\begin_layout Standard
-Every chapter (or section) within the appendix region is treated as an appendix,
- numbered with a capital latin letter.
- The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
- and the subsection number.
- All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
- here two examples:
+\end_inset
+
+ in the math panel ; this will apply to any selection you have made within
+ a formula too.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Appendix\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Section
+Brackets and Delimiters
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Credits"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Brackets
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-; Appendix\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Export"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Delimiters
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bibliography"
-
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Bibliography"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a LyX-document.
- You can include a bibliography database
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Known under the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+There are several brackets available through LyX.
+ For most purposes, using just the keys
+\family typewriter
+[]{}()|<>
+\family default
+ should suffice.
+ But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
+ or if you have several layers of brackets, is better using
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-BibTeX-database
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Panel
+\family default
+'s delimiter icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/delim.png
+
\end_inset
.
-\end_layout
+ For example, that's how you would construct the brackets around a standard
+ matrix such as:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4\end{array}\right]\]
\end_inset
-, which is explained in the next subsection or you can insert the bibliography
- manually.
- For the second method we use the paragraph environment
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-, described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+and to make it easier to see the layers of parentheses as in:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\]
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:biblio_environment"
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Standard
+The parentheses, and other brackets from that menu will automatically re-size
+ to accommodate the size of what is inside.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within the
+To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
+ left side and right side.
+ If you use the option
\family sans
-Bibliography
+Keep
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+matched
\family default
- environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
- with a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
-\family sans
-Key
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about LaTeX
- and we used
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, a short form of its title, as key.
+, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
+ The selection will be shown below the button field.
+ If you want one side to not have a bracket, use the blank button.
+ It will appear in LyX with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can refer to the key of a bibliography entry using the menu
+If you want to place brackets around math structures, like a square root,
+ you can do that by highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to go
+ inside the brackets.
+ Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Citation
+Insert
\family default
.
- A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
- in which you can select one or more keys in the available key list.
- The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key.
- When you click on the box, the citation window appears and you can change
- the reference.
+ The parentheses will be drawn around the selected structure.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as number of the bibliography entry
- with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
- Here two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
-
+The next section explains how to insert a LaTeX
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Credits
+{
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-:
+ for grouping.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at the
-\family sans
-LaTeX Companion Second Edition
-\family default
-:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+\begin_layout Section
+Grouping
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Grouping
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The LyX-Team members are listed in the Credits:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Grouping"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (BibTeX)
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bibliography ! Databases"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You may need to group a set of symbols.
+ In LaTeX, for example, the typesetting of
+\family typewriter
+{x^y}^z
+\family default
+ is different from
+\family typewriter
+x^{y^z}
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bibliography ! BibTeX"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+{x^{y}}^{z}\quad\mathrm{differs\; from}\quad x^{y^{z}}\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
- documents.
- It makes it also very easy to have an uniform layout for all bibliography
- entries.
- You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
- you working field in a database.
- This database can be used for different documents, because only the referenced
- entries of the database will appear in the bibliography list.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The database is a text file with the file extension
+To create this grouping, you need to use the key sequence
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-.bib
-\family default
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+{
+\series default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- containing the bibliography in a special format.
- The format is explained in LaTeX books (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+ then type space.
+ Inside LyX, you will see red braces indicating the grouping.
+ Within this braces you insert the grouped structure.
+ The grouping braces won't appear in the output in contrary to normal braces.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+Arrays and Multi-line Equations
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-).
- Normally one uses a special program to create and edit entries of the database.
- It follows a list of programs for bibliography databases:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Arrays
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "BibDesk"
-target "http://bibdesk.sourceforge.net/"
-
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "BibORB"
-target "http://biborb.glymn.net/doku.php"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Matrices
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "BibTeXMng"
-target "http://www.latexsoft.com/bibtexmng.htm"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "JabRef"
-target "http://jabref.sourceforge.net/"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Matrices are entered in LyX using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "Pybliographer"
-target "http://pybliographer.org/"
+Panel
+\family default
+ matrix button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/matrix.png
\end_inset
+.
+ It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 2 & 3\\
+4 & 5 & 6\\
+7 & 8 & 9\end{array}\right)\]
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List
-\family default
-/
-\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-BibT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-{}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
\end_inset
-eX\InsetSpace ~
-Bibliography
-\family default
.
- A grey box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can load one or more databases and a style file.
- The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
+ will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
+ This alignment is set in the box
+\family sans
+Horizontal
+\family default
+ with the letters
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
-.bst
+l
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that declares the layout of all bibliography entries.
- Many publishers provide special style files, so that you don't have to
- take care of the layout.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works like described above.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography, created from a database, lists only the
- database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
+,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-alphadin.bst
+
+\family sans
+r
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to get the complicated reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Bibliography ! Layout"
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ LyX proposes a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't use a bibliography database together with a style file, you
- can set a
-\family sans
-Citation\InsetSpace ~
-style
-\family default
- in the citation reference window.
- You need also the option
\family sans
-Natbib
-\family default
- in the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Bibliography
+c
\family default
- enabled for this.
- In this menu you can adjust the default citation style.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite this default.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text, that should appear before or after a citation reference,
- in the citation reference window.
- Here an example where we set the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Chapter\InsetSpace ~
-3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ for every column as default.
+ For example, the sequence
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- to appear after the reference:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "Mittelbach"
+\family sans
+lrc
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Making an Index
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index generation"
+ means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
+ centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
+ corresponds to the relevant column.
+ The result will look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{array}{lcr}
+this & this\, column & this\, column\\
+column & has & has\, right\\
+has\, left\, alignment & center\, alignment & alignment\end{array}.\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An index entry is created if you place the cursor behind the word or phrase
- that should appear in the index and then use the menu
+You can add more rows to an existing matrix by hitting
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Index\InsetSpace ~
-Entry
+C-Enter
\family default
-.
- A gray box labeled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+ while the cursor is in the matrix.
+ Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
\family sans
-Idx
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
+ It can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is inserted and a window pops up asking for the index entry.
- LyX propose the word before the cursor as entry.
-\end_layout
+Environment
+\family default
+ or the command
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-The index entry text field differs from all other text fields, because you
- have to insert valid LaTeX-code.
- LyX won't format the text for you like you expect it.
- This is necessary because index entries can be formatted in many ways using
- special LaTeX commands.
- We give a short overview of the index command in the next subsections.
- For a detailed description of LaTeX's index mechanism, have a look at one
- of the LaTeX books
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+\backslash
+cases
+\series default
+.
+ Here an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+-1 & x<0\\
+0 & x=0\\
+1 & x>0\end{cases}\]
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can change index entries by clicking on the index box.
- The index list is inserted to the document with the menu
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Multi-line formulas are created when you press
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Index\InsetSpace ~
-List
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
\family default
-.
- A light blue box labeled
+ within a formula.
+ In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
+ column.
+ When you press
+\family sans
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
+\family default
+ in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ etc.) will be inserted automatically to the first column, the relation sign
+ is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
+ A new row is created by every further hit of
\family sans
-Index
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
\family default
+.
+ Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
+a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}\end{eqnarray}
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
- The index list box is not clickable like other LyX-boxes.
-\end_layout
+ To change the column assignment of the formula parts, place the cursor
+ where you want to start the shift and hit
+\family sans
+C-Tab.
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Grouping Index Entries
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index ! Grouping"
+\family default
+ It shifts everything in the column which is right beside the current cursor
+ position to the next column.
+ Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs, structures
+ within this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One often groups index entries to offer the reader a fast search in the
- index.
- We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
- lists under the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Lists
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+The multi-line formula type described here is called
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+eqnarray
+\family default
+\series default
.
- First we create the entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ There are other multi-line types being more suitable for certain situations,
+ for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:asquared"
-Lists
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+).
+ The other types are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Lists"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
\end_inset
.
- In the text field for the itemized list index entry in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering and Referencing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:itemize"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Formula numbering
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, we inserted the command
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-Lists ! Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Referencing formulas
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-and the command
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Lists ! Enumerate
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
-\begin_layout Standard
-for the enumerated list in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:enumerate"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+Numbering
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The exclamation mark
+n
+\family default
+.
+ The formula number appears in LyX as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-!
+#
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- marks the grouping levels.
- You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
- An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
- If we don't have an index entry for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ within parentheses.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Lists
+#
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Page Ranges
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index ! Page ranges"
+ denotes, that the number will be calculated automatically when the output
+ is generated.
+ The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
+ the document class.
+ In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
+ separated by a dot:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+1+1=2\end{equation}
\end_inset
+Using
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+n
+\family default
+ in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
+ You can only number displayed formulas.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
- section.
- But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
- E.g if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create an index entry
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Line
+\family default
+ or the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- with the command
-\end_layout
+N
+\family default
+ will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is in:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+1 & = & 3-2\\
+2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
+4 & \leq & 7\end{eqnarray}
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-Paragraph environments|(
+To number all lines use the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-and another entry at the end of sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:LyX-Code"
-
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
- with the command
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-Paragraph environments|)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The commands
+Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
+ A label is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ when the cursor is in the formula.
+ This opens a dialog to enter the label.
+ It is recommended to use the proposed
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\series bold
-|(
-\series default
+\family sans
+eq:
+\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
+ as first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the label
+ type when you have many labels in your document.
+ We inserted in the following example the label
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+eq:tanhExp
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-|)
-\series default
+ in the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
+ & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}\end{eqnarray}
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- respectively starts and ends the index range.
- You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
- They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
- the pages of the indexed document parts.
- An example is the index entry
+Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
+ Therefore the label is shown in LyX at the place of the formula number
+ placeholder
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Paragraph environments
+#
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cross referencing
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index ! Cross referencing"
-
+ You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Reference
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog appears to choose a label you want refer to.
+ The reference appears in LyX as grey cross reference box and in the output
+ as the formula number:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
- We referred for example in the index entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+This is a cross-reference to equation (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
-GIF
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (in sec\SpecialChar \@.
+).
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\begin_layout Standard
+The properties of LyX's cross-reference box are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Image-Formats"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
\end_inset
-) to the index entry
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+.
+ To delete a label, set the cursor in the labeled formula, use the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ and delete the label in the appearing dialog.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a unintuitive and will be fixed in the next version of LyX.
+\end_layout
-Image formats
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the same section using the command
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+User defined math macros
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series bold
-GIF|see{Image formats}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Macros
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
- The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Entry Order
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index ! Entry order"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:math-macros"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can use accented characters in the index entry, but the entries might
- then not follow the rules for the index order.
- The index entries are sorted alphabetically, but LaTeX
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The index generating is done in the background by an extra program called
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+LyX allows you to define macros for formulas.
+ For example we assume that solutions of the quadratic equation often occur
+ in our document in various forms and we want to create a macro to print
+ them.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+The general form of a quadratic equation is:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+The general form of its solution is:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
- doesn't know how to sort accents in different languages.
- We created as example the three dummy index entries
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-maison
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-maïs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+The macro should print the parameters
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
-, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
-maître
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $q$
\end_inset
-.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Dummy entries ! maïs"
+ like in the equation above.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+A macro is created by executing the command
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Dummy entries ! maître"
+\series bold
+math-macro
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Dummy entries ! maïs@maison"
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison, but we want the
- order maïs, maison, maître.
- To achieve this, we use the command
-\end_layout
+Name
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-previous entry@current entry
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In our case we want to have
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
-maison
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- after
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-maïs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
+Arguments
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-maïs@maison
+in the minibuffer at the bottom of the LyX screen.
+ Name is the name of the new macro which mustn't contain numbers.
+ The number of arguments can be a number in the range 1-9.
+ If you want to define a macro without arguments, don't declare the number
+ of arguments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The previous entry needn't to be a real existing entry, you can also use
- another word to tell LaTeX the entry order, see the next subsection for
- an example.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Index Entry Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Index ! Entry layout"
-
+We have three arguments and name the macro
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+qE
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert entries together with LaTeX-commands for the layout.
- If you need for example an italic entry, you can write
+, so that the command is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
+math-macro
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-textit{This is an italic entry}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-where the command
-\series bold
\backslash
-textit
-\series default
- produces the italic layout.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Dummy entries ! This@\\textit{This is an italic entry}"
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- We refer to LaTeX books (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+qE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
-) for an overview of layout commands.
- There is only the problem, that layout commands destroy the sorting order.
- To avoid that our index entry appears as the first one, we use the following
- command instead:
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-This@
-\backslash
-textit{This is an italic entry}
+3
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also format the page number using the character
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+This results in the following macro definition box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrobox.png
+
\end_inset
-|
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset FormulaMacro
+\newcommand{\qE}[3]{#1_{1,\,2}=-\frac{#2}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
+{\textrm{qE: }#1\textrm{ , }#2\textrm{ , }#3}
\end_inset
- followed by a LaTeX-command without a backslash.
- We can write for example
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The first box is an image to show the behavior in the output.
+ The second one is the definition box, that doesn't appear in the output.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
-\series bold
-old-style page number:|oldstylenums
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-to get the page number in an old-style layout.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Dummy entries ! old-style page number:|oldstylenums"
+The first blue box is for the definition, where you insert the formula via
+ the math panel or commands.
+ The placeholder for the arguments are inserted as a backslash and sharp
+ followed by the argument number, e.g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+\backslash
+#1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- Normally all LaTeX-commands begin with a backslash, but in this special
- case
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ for the first argument.
+ Placeholders will be displayed in red.
+ The second blue box is for the appearance in LyX.
+ This is useful when you have a large structure that shouldn't be displayed
+ in LyX with its full size.
+ If you want to see the macro as it is defined, leave the box blank.
+ In our example we insert the sequence
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\series bold
-|command
+qE:
+\backslash
+#1
\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- means
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
\series bold
\backslash
-command{page\InsetSpace ~
-number}
+#2
\series default
-.
- Have a look at sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#3
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Short-Introduction-to"
+\series default
+The macro will then be shown as the macro name followed by the three arguments.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use the macro in a formula, type its name as command, in our case
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- to learn more about the LaTeX-syntax.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the layout for the whole index.
- E.g.
- we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get a bold font
- for all index entries.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Section
-ERT and the LaTeX Syntax
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ERT"
+\backslash
+qE
+\series default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
+.
+ The macro is inserted with boxes for the arguments looking similar to this:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-ERT Boxes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "ERT"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrouse.png
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As LyX uses LaTeX in the background, it supports many LaTeX commands and
- constructs, but not all.
- LaTeX contains of hundreds of packages which provide different commands.
- Every month 10 to 20 packages are updated and one new package is added.
- This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything, for every
- problem exists a LaTeX-package.
- But LyX can of course not be up to date and support all these packages
- and their commands.
+The arguments are inserted in the blue boxes.
+ If the cursor is outside the macro, the arguments are put in the macro.
+ To change the arguments, put the cursor in the formula before or after
+ the macro and press the right or left arrow key respectively.
+ The arguments appear now again below the macro definition.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-But don't worry, you can use any LaTeX-command directly in LyX inside the
- ERT box.
- ERT stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+If you change the macro definition all macros are changed automatically
+ to the new definition.
+ Here an example of our macro with the arguments
+\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset
-evil red text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
-, evil because LyX is designed to avoid that you have to use LaTeX-commands.
- An ERT box is created by the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-TeX
-\family default
- or by the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.xpm
-
+, and
+\begin_inset Formula $B$
\end_inset
-.
- The box itself can be displayed in three different styles:
-\family sans
-Inline
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Collapsed
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Open
-\family default
-.
- To change the style, right-click on the box and use the appearing dialog.
- Left-clicking on the box will switch between
-\family sans
-Collapsed
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Open
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\qE x{\ln(y)}B\]
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert complete or incomplete commands into ERT.
- Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard LyX text.
- For example you want to draw a frame around a word and uses therefore the
- LaTeX-command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-fbox
-\series default
-, you can write the command part
-\series bold
-\backslash
-fbox{
-\series default
- in an ERT box before the word and the closing brace
-\series bold
-}
-\series default
- in a second ERT box behind the word.
- The word between the two ERT boxes is then the argument as it is in the
- following example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+When the document is exported to LaTeX, the macro definition will be inserted
+ as the command:
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+qE}[3]{#1_{1,
+\backslash
+,2}=-
+\backslash
+frac{#2}{2}
+\backslash
+pm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-gives
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a line with a
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-fbox{
+hphantom{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-framed
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
}
\end_layout
\end_inset
- word.
+
+\backslash
+sqrt{
+\backslash
+frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note, that you have to insert a space at the end of LaTeX-commands without
- parameters, to let LaTeX know that the command is finished.
+The command is not inserted in the document preamble.
+ That means you can only use macros in formulas that are below the macro
+ definition box in your document.
+ There are also some other restrictions: The command
+\backslash
+newcommand supports optional arguments, which are not available in LyX's
+ macros.
+ You can also not change subsequently the name of the macro and the number
+ of arguments.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
-Short Introduction to the LaTeX Syntax
-\begin_inset OptArg
+Typefaces
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The LaTeX Syntax
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Typefaces
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "LaTeX Syntax"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
+ To set a font in a formula, use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/font.png
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Short-Introduction-to"
+\end_inset
+, or enter its command, listed in table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, directly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
- about the LaTeX-commands that LyX uses in the background.
- Because LaTeX is based on commands, you can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
-program
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- your text.
- This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
- every time if you know the right commands.
- E.g.
- imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline is at
- the end of the day.
- Your boss just has complimented you for your good work but wants to have
- all caption labels bold.
- But you have over hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
- in your manual.
- Of course it's impossible to change all caption labels by hand in one day.
+Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now LaTeX comes into play.
- As we wrote above, for every problem exists a LaTeX-package.
- First you have to find out which and therefore look in the LaTeX package
- database,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "Catalogue"
-
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As result you know that the package
-\family typewriter
-caption
-\family default
- is what you need.
- To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
-) with the command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-usepackage[options]{package name}
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-All LaTeX commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
- two braces, and the options are set within two brackets.
- Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
- In your case the package name is
-\series bold
-caption
-\series default
-.
- After a look in the documentation of the package caption, you know that
- the option
-\series bold
-labelfont=bf
-\series default
- will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
- So you add the command
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
+mathrm
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-to the preamble and the problem is solved.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well known problems
- like your case.
- For example if you use a
-\family typewriter
-koma-scrip
-\family default
-t class, you don't need the package
-\family typewriter
-caption
-\family default
-.
- Just write
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
\backslash
-setkomafont{captionlabel}{
-\backslash
-bfseries}
+mathbf
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-in the preamble and the problem is solved.
- So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
- documentation of the document class you want to use.
- (Btw
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-setkomafont
-\series default
- is an example for a command with more than one argument.)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Both commands used are preamble commands.
- Commands in the preamble affects the whole document, while commands in
- the text affects only the text after the command or only the text used
- as command argument.
- To insert a LaTeX-command in text, use the ERT box as described in the
- previous section.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to learn more about LaTeX and its syntax, have a look at the
- books
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Previewing Snippets of your Document
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Document ! Instant preview"
+\series bold
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+mathit
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the
- fly so you can see how they'll look in the final document without having
- to break your train of thought with
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
-\family default
-.
- If you'd like to see your math formulas typeset by LaTeX then install the
- necessary software (see below) and select the
-\family sans
-Instant\InsetSpace ~
-preview
-\family default
- check box in the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphcis
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Previews are generated when you load a document into LyX and when you finish
- editing an inset.
- Previews of an already loaded document are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- generated just by selecting the
-\family sans
-Instant\InsetSpace ~
-preview
-\family default
- check box.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX will generate previews of math insets.
- It will also generate previews of include insets if you select the
-\family sans
-Show\InsetSpace ~
-preview
-\family default
- check box in the insert dialog.
- This latter is useful if you wish to generate a preview of a LaTeX figure,
- for example.
- Coming in version 1.4 are previews of the external inset also.
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathtt
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get previews working, you'll need the LaTeX package
-\family typewriter
-preview-latex
-\family default
- installed.
- You find it in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "TeXCatalogue"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
\end_inset
-.
- You'll obtain prettier results if you install
-\family typewriter
-pnmcrop
-\family default
- from the
-\family typewriter
-netpbm
-\family default
- package.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-International Support
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "International support"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.
- LyX comes with a default configuration which supports the English language
- on a U.S.-style keyboard, with a standard U.S.
- paper size and the spell checker set to U.S.
- English.
- You can change any or all of these settings as desired, and you can make
- the changes apply to the current session only, or use them as your new
- default configuration.
+\backslash
+mathbb
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have a keyboard suited to the language you are using (for example,
- a German keyboard for writing in German), and you have correctly configured
- your X environment, all you need to do for LyX is tell it your language,
- the character encoding, and desired paper size.
- Refer to
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:langlay"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\end_inset
- for more information.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If, however, you have a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a different
- language than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
- For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
- you can configure LyX to use an Italian keymap.
- Refer to
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:optkey"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- for details.
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
- different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
- You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.S.
- keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
- In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
- one to support the characters you want.
-
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-The details of how to customize LyX to your own language are
-\emph on
-way
-\emph default
- beyond the scope of this manual.
- You can not only alter the keyboard layout, you can also change the names
- of the menus buttons, etc., to reflect your language.
- If you want to learn more about writing keymap files and tailoring LyX
- to your native tongue, please see the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for details.
+\backslash
+mathfrak
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Language Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:langlay"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph on
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog lets you set
-\family roman
-the language and character encoding for your language.
-
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Choose your language in the
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- section of the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The default is
-\family sans
-English
-\family default
-.
- Scroll to find the language you want and then click on your choice.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Encoding
-\family default
- box lets you choose the character encoding map you want to use.
- The default is the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- encoding, which includes the characters required by the various Western
- European languages.
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathcal
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Keyboard mapping configuration
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:optkey"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings.
- This allows you to choose the keymap of your choice for your U.S.-style keyboard.
- You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
- which one you want to use.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathsf
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Character Tables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:keytab"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:The-latin1-character"
-
\end_inset
- shows the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- character set.
- You should be able to enter the characters in the first eight columns directly
- from the keyboard.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few things you need to know about this table.
- This manual is set up --- by hand, mind you --- to print all of these character
-s.
- That ain't the default.
- Nowhere near, in fact.
- Here are some of the details you'll need to bear in mind when using characters
- from the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- character set:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The characters at entries A2, A4, A5, A6 and AD -- the cent, the yen, the
- generic-currency-symbol, the broken vertical bar and the short dash are
- just plain missing in the default encodings.
- We don't know where they are or why this is the case.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Even if you've selected
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ that you can only print capital letters in the typefaces
\family sans
-latin1
+Blackbold
\family default
- in the
+ and
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog, users who have only the
-\family typewriter
-T1
-\family default
--fonts for LaTeX [or who have the
-\family typewriter
-T1
+Calligraphic
\family default
--fonts but aren't using them] will still miss a few characters: D0, F0,
- DE, FE, AB, and BB -- the uppercase and lowercase eth and thorn, and the
- french quotes won't show up.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Users of
-\family typewriter
-Type1
-\family default
--fonts can, however, get the french quotes [characters AB and BB] if they
- include the either the package
-\family typewriter
-umlaute.sty
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-german.sty
-\family default
- in their documents.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This only holds when you want to input these quotes by yourself.
- The automatic quote feature described in Section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:quotes"
+When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
+ Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ within the box, will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a
+ protected space when you need a space in the box.
+ Here an example where a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+N
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, will generate automatically LaTeX code adapted to available fonts and
- packages.
-\end_layout
+ in
+\family sans
+Blackbold
+\family default
+ denotes the set of numbers:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\: x\in\mathbb{N}\]
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The characters of the following table, which are inserted as commands, could
- not be inserted directly with the keyboard, because the standard encoding
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
+ You can e.g.
+ put a character in
+\family sans
+Fraktur
+\family default
+ in a box for
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
\end_inset
-T1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- doesn't know them.
- To let LaTeX understand the commands, the package
-\series bold
-textcomp
-\series default
- needs to be loaded in the preamble with the line
+So better don't use this feature.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can only print them emboldened using the command
\series bold
\backslash
-usepackage{textcomp}
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+, which works like the other typeface commands:
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The package
+
\series bold
-textcomp
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
\series default
- is available on every LaTeX system.
+ works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Font
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Change
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Text
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
+ not for text.
+ For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
+ the entry
+\family sans
+Normal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ of the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/font.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (alternatively the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\family default
+).
+ Math text appears in LyX in black instead of blue.
+ You can use spaces and accents in math text like in normal text.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+x & \textrm{if I say so}\\
+-x & \textrm{unter Umständen}\end{cases}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Font sizes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
+ automatically chosen in most situations.
+ These are called
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+scriptstyle
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+scriptscriptstyle
+\family default
+.
+ For most characters,
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+ are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
+ and certain other structures, are set larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+.
+ Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
+ situations, all text will be set in the styles as LaTeX thinks is appropriate.
+ These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/style.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
+ For example, you can set
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, which is normally in
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+, larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The four styles are used in the following example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All these math-mode font sizes are relative, that means, if the whole math
+ inset is set in a particular size with the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
+ Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
+ will be adjusted to correspond.
+ As example a formula in the font size
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+\size largest
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Theorem Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As of LyX 1.6, support for theorem-like environments has been moved out of
+ the document classes and into layout modules.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Layout Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ As a result, theorem-like environments can now easily be used with classes
+ other than the AMS classes.
+ See section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Modules"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more on layout modules.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+AMS-LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AMS math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! AMS
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society
+ (AMS) that are in common use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling AMS-Support
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Selecting the checkbox
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ will include the AMS-packages in the document, and make the facilities
+ available.
+ AMS is needed for many math-constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in
+ formulas, assure that you have enabled AMS.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.
+ LyX allows you to choose between
+\family typewriter
+align
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+alignat
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+flalign
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+gather
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+multline
+\family default
+.
+ We refer to the AMS-documentation for an explanation of these formula types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+More Tools
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Cross-References
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cross references
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of LyX's strengths are cross-references.
+ You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
+ the document.
+ To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
+ The label is used as anchor and name for the reference.
+ We want for example refer to the the second item of the following list:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "enu:Second-item"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Second item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Third item
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the by pressing the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A grey label box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/labelQt4.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
+ LyX offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
+ the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu: Second-item
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+enumerate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted, e.g.
+ if you insert a label to a section heading, the prefix will be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+sec:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A grey cross-reference box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/referenceQt4.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and the cross-reference window appear showing all labels of
+ the document.
+ We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+enu:Second-item
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
+ in the output.
+ Here is our cross-reference:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "enu:Second-item"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to use a protected space
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ between the cross-reference name and its number to avoid ugly line breaks
+ between them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are six varieties of cross-references:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>: prints the float number, this is the default:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+(<reference>): prints the float number within two parentheses, this is the
+ style normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference
+ name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is omitted:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<page>: prints the page number: Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand pageref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>: prints the text "on page" and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+<page>: prints the float number, the text "on page", and the page number:
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Formatted
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature is only available when you have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! prettyref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the style <page> won't print the page number if the label is on
+ the previous, the same, or the next page.
+ You will e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+see the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+on this page
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The number and current page of the referred document part in the output,
+ is automatically calculated by LaTeX.
+ The varieties are adjusted in the field
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ of the cross-reference window, that appear when you click on the cross-referenc
+e box.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can only use the style
+\family sans
+<reference>
+\family default
+ to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
+\family sans
+<page>
+\family default
+ is always possible.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading,
+ to reference a float, put the label in the caption.
+ For footnotes you can put the label somewhere in it.
+ Referencing formulas is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The button
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Label
+\family default
+ in the cross-reference window sets the the cursor before the referred label.
+ The button text changes then to
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Back
+\family default
+ and you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
+ Right-clicking on a cross-reference box also sets the cursor before the
+ referred label but without a possibility to go back.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change labels at any time by clicking on the label box.
+ References to the changed label will automatically change its link to the
+ new label text, so that you don't need to take care about this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If a cross-reference refers to a non-existing label, you'll see two question
+ marks in the output instead of the reference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+References are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Table of Contents and other Listings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Table of contents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Outline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:toc"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table of Contents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Table-of-Contents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Contents
+\family default
+.
+ Is is displayed in LyX as a gray box.
+ If you click on it, the
+\family sans
+Outline
+\family default
+ window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline to move and rearrange
+ sections in your documents.
+ So this operation is an alternative to the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
+\family default
+ that is described in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Navigating"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
+ If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC
+\family default
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+URLs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:URL"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URLs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+URL
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example URL: LyX's homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+.
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get LaTeX errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hyperlink
+\family default
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/href-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
+\family sans
+Target
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+.
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or a link to a file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink, but
+ add the prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+run:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to the link target.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
+\family sans
+Color links
+\family default
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF Properties
+\family default
+).
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Appendix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendices are created with the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Start
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Here
+\family default
+.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as appendix region.
+ The region is marked with a red borderline.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix region is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Credits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a LyX-document.
+ You can include a bibliography database
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Known under the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+BibTeX-database
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which is explained in the next subsection or you can insert the bibliography
+ manually.
+ For the second method we use the paragraph environment
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
+\family sans
+Key
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+.
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about LaTeX
+ and we used
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+latexcompanion
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, a short form of its title, as key.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can refer to the key of a bibliography entry using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ in which you can select one or more keys in the available key list.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key.
+ When you click on the box, the citation window appears and you can change
+ the reference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Citation references appear in the output as number of the bibliography entry
+ with surrounding brackets.
+ If you set a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
+ Here two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at the
+\family sans
+LaTeX Companion Second Edition
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The LyX-Team members are listed in the Credits:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases (BibTeX)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Databases
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! BibTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
+ documents.
+ It makes it also very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, because only the referenced
+ entries of the database will appear in the bibliography list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bib
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in LaTeX books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Normally one uses a special program to create and edit entries of the database.
+ Under
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+you find a list of programs for bibliography databases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use a database, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+BibT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ A grey box will be inserted and a window appears.
+ In this window you can load one or more databases and a style file.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bst
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ that declares the layout of all bibliography entries.
+ Many publishers provide special style files, so that you don't have to
+ take care of the layout.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works like described above.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To generate the bibliography from a database, the program BibTeX is used
+ by LyX.
+ This program can be controlled with options that you can add in LyX's preferenc
+es dialog under
+\family sans
+Outputs
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\family default
+ in the field
+\family sans
+BibT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+command
+\family default
+.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended to read the manual of
+
+\family sans
+BibTeX
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
+ the two methods of creating them.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ We used the style file
+\family sans
+alphadin.bst
+\family default
+ to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
+ For this feature you need to use the option
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\family default
+ enabled in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
+ For the global citation format use the BibTeX style files as explained
+ in the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also set text, that should appear before or after a citation reference,
+ in the citation reference window.
+ Here an example where we set the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to appear after the reference:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Index
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index generation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An index entry is created if you use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/index-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Idx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.
+ The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed
+ by LyX as index entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.
+ For a detailed description of LaTeX's index mechanism, have a look at one
+ of the LaTeX books
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change index entries by clicking on the index box.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The index list is inserted to the document with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\family default
+.
+ A light blue box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Index
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
+ The index list box is not clickable like other LyX-boxes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping Index Entries
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Grouping
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the
+ index.
+ We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
+ lists under the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ First we create the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, we insert the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+for the enumerated list in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Enumerate"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The exclamation mark
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ marks the grouping levels.
+ You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
+ An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
+ If we don't have an index entry for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Page Ranges
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Page ranges
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
+ section.
+ But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
+ E.g if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create an index entry
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|(
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and another entry at the end of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The commands
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|(
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|)
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ respectively starts and ends the index range.
+ You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
+ They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
+ the pages of the indexed document parts.
+ An example is the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Document ! Settings
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross referencing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Cross referencing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
+ We referred for example in the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+GIF
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the same section using the entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+GIF|see{Image formats}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Where the braces have to be inserted as TeX Code.
+ The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
+ The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Order
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Entry order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use accented characters in the index entry, but the entries might
+ then not follow the rules for the index order.
+ The index entries are sorted alphabetically, but LaTeX
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ doesn't know how to sort accents in different languages.
+ We created as example the three dummy index entries
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maison
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maïs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maître
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maïs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maître
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maïs@maison
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison, but we want the
+ order maïs, maison, maître.
+ To achieve this, we use the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+previous entry@current entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In our case we want to have
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maison
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+maïs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+maïs@maison
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The previous entry needn't to be a real existing entry, you can also use
+ another word to tell LaTeX the entry order, see the next subsection for
+ an example.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Entry layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries !
+\shape italic
+This is an italic dummy entry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ You can also format the page number using the character
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+|
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ followed by a LaTeX-command without a backslash.
+ We can write for example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+italic page number:|textit
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to get the page number in italic.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Normally all LaTeX-commands begin with a backslash, but in this special
+ case
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+|command
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+command{page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+number}
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about the LaTeX-syntax.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+to generate the index, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you use
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+, however, this won't work for anything else than bold or italic text.
+ This is because xindy requires to define semantic elements before they
+ can be used, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "p. 678 ff."
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown
+ above.
+ Instead of this, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.
+ Consider why you want some page numbers to be bold.
+ Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of
+ the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.
+ If so, put the following in preamble
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+IndexDef}[1]{
+\backslash
+textit{#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and write
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+my entry|IndexDef
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+into the index entry.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher
+ request that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to
+ change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also change the layout for the whole index.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get a bold font
+ for all index entries.
+ For more advanced task you have to set up a so-called
+\emph on
+Index Style File
+\emph default
+, see the
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+ documentation for details,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex,xindy"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Program
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Program
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the index entry program
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+ is installed, that is only available for Linux, LyX uses it for the index
+ generation, otherwise the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ is used, that is part of every LaTeX distribution.
+ Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in LyX's preferences
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The available options are listed and explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex,xindy"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can also specify there another program to generate the index.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+ is very old, not further developed and has many pitfalls.
+ Most notably, it has been defined with nothing more than the English language
+ in mind.
+ So it fails at sorting correctly for anything else than an monolingual
+ English text.
+ We have shown above how to fix this sorting.
+ However, if you are writing in another language and using Linux, consider
+ to use
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Nomenclature / Glossary
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Glossary|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nomenclature"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you need to compile a list of symbols that are mentioned in your
+ document with a brief explanation of them -- a so called nomenclature or
+ glossary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to create nomenclatures, you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! nomencl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+ You find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry
+ and then use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\family default
+N
+\family sans
+omenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/nomencl-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Nom
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.
+ The first is the symbol that you want to refer to.
+ The second is the description of the symbol.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You have to enter valid LaTeX-code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Definition and Layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the
+\family sans
+Symbol
+\family default
+ field as LaTeX-formula.
+ For example to get
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, insert this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character hereby starts/ends the formula.
+ The LaTeX-command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning
+ with a backslash
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,
+ like
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Sigma
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(A short introduction to the LaTeX-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot use the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog to format the description text but have to use LaTeX-commands.
+ For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in this document is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+dummy entry for the character
+\backslash
+textsf{sigma}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textsf
+\series default
+ sets the fonts to
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+.
+ To get
+\series bold
+bold
+\series default
+ font use the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textbf
+\series default
+, for
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+texttt
+\series default
+, for
+\emph on
+emphasized
+\emph default
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+emph
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Sort order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the LaTeX-code of
+ the symbol definition.
+ This leads to undesired results when you for example have symbols in formulas.
+ Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols
+\emph on
+a
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "a"
+description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph default
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+prefix "sigma"
+symbol "$\\sigma$"
+description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ They will be sorted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+a
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ -- the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+ will be sorted before the
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ since the character
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is considered in sorting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To control the sort order, you can edit the
+\family sans
+Sort
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+as
+\family default
+ field of the nomenclature dialog.
+ Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol
+ definition.
+ For the given example, you can insert
+\family typewriter
+sigma
+\family default
+ to this field for the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+, then
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ will be located before
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "nomencl"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Options
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.
+ Here are some of its options, for more have a look at its documentation:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+refeq Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, see equation (
+\emph on
+eq
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
+\family sans
+\emph on
+eq
+\family default
+\emph default
+ is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+refpage Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+, page (
+\emph on
+page
+\emph default
+)
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
+\family sans
+\emph on
+page
+\family default
+\emph default
+ is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are furthermore the options
+\series bold
+croatian
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+danish
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+english
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+french
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+german
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+italian
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+polish
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+portuguese
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+russian
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+spanish
+\series default
+, and
+\series bold
+ukrainian
+\series default
+ to print the reference texts and the nomenclature title in the corresponding
+ language.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document
+ class options list in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ In this document the options
+\series bold
+intoc
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+refpage
+\series default
+ are used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature
+ entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ field in the nomenclature dialog:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq Like the
+\series bold
+refeq
+\series default
+ option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefpage Like the
+\series bold
+refpage
+\series default
+ option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeqpage Short notation of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq
+\backslash
+nomrefpage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeq,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefpage,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printing the Nomenclature
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Printing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To print the nomenclature, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Lists
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+.
+ A light blue box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.
+ Like the index list box, the nomenclature list box is not clickable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the
+ command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomname
+\series default
+ in the preamble.
+ For example, in order to change the name to
+\emph on
+List of Symbols
+\emph default
+, add the following line to the preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomname}{List of Symbols}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you are unhappy with the amount of space for symbols, you can alter it
+ by adding the following line to the preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomlabelwidth}{width}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+Where the width is a value with one of the units listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The default value is 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Branches
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Branches
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Branches
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Branches"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.
+ For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the
+ pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same
+ document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For these cases LyX offers to put text into branches.
+ The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.
+ To create a branch, go in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog to
+\family sans
+Branches
+\family default
+.
+ The name of the branch, its activation state and the background color of
+ the branches inside LyX can be specified in this dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.
+ These boxes are inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Branch
+\family default
+ where you can choose a branch.
+ You can later change the branch of the boxes by right-clicking on them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch
+ is deactivated and does therefore not appear in the output:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,
+ like inside equations, you can code special LaTeX definitions for each
+ branch.
+ For example you can define for the question branch
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For an introduction to the LaTeX-syntax, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and for the answer branch
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now it is possible to use the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+answer{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+}
+\series default
+ to obtain conditional output.
+ Here is an example formula where only the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question
+\series default
+ part appears:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:math-macros"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+TeX Code and the LaTeX Syntax
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Code Boxes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TeX Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As LyX uses LaTeX in the background, it supports many LaTeX commands and
+ constructs, but not all.
+ LaTeX contains of hundreds of packages which provide different commands.
+ Every time packages are updated and new ones added.
+ This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there
+ is for every problem a LaTeX-package.
+ But LyX can of course not be up to date and support all packages and their
+ commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+But don't worry, you can use any LaTeX-command directly in LyX inside the
+ TeX Code box.
+ An TeX Code box is created by the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
+\family default
+ or by the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on
+ it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert complete or incomplete commands as TeX Code.
+ Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard LyX text.
+ For example you want to draw a frame around a word and uses therefore the
+ LaTeX-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fbox
+\series default
+, you can write the command part
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fbox{
+\series default
+ in a TeX Code box before the word and the closing brace
+\series bold
+}
+\series default
+ in a second TeX Code box behind the word.
+ The word between the two TeX Code boxes is then the argument as it is in
+ the following example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ERT.png
+ scale 89
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+gives
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with a
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+framed
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ word.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ At the end of LaTeX-commands without parameters, you have to insert a space
+ to let LaTeX know that the command is finished.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Short Introduction to the LaTeX Syntax
+\begin_inset OptArg
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LaTeX Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX Syntax
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
+ about the LaTeX-commands that LyX uses in the background.
+ Because LaTeX is based on commands, you can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+program
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ your text.
+ This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
+ every time if you know the right commands.
+ E.g.
+ imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline is at
+ the end of the day.
+ Your boss just has complimented you for your good work but wants to have
+ all caption labels bold.
+ But you have over hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
+ in your manual.
+ Of course it's impossible to change all caption labels by hand in one day.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now LaTeX comes into play.
+ As written above, for every problem exists a LaTeX-package.
+ First you have to find out which and therefore look in the LaTeX package
+ database,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Catalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As result you know that the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! caption
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is what you need.
+ To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+) with the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[options]{package name}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All LaTeX commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
+ two braces, and the options are set within two brackets.
+ Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In your case the package name is
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+.
+ After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option
+
+\series bold
+labelfont=bf
+\series default
+ will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
+ So you add the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to the preamble and the problem is solved.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more commands provided by the
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+ package, have a look at its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "caption"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well known problems
+ like your case.
+ For example if you use a
+\family sans
+koma-script
+\family default
+ class, you don't need the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+, you can instead write
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont{captionlabel}{
+\backslash
+bfseries}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+in the preamble and the problem is solved.
+ So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
+ documentation of the document class you want to use.
+ (
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont
+\series default
+ is an example for a command with more than one argument.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Commands in the preamble affects the whole document, while commands in the
+ text affects only the text after the command or only the text used as command
+ argument.
+ To insert a LaTeX-command in text, use the TeX Code box as described in
+ the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to learn more about LaTeX and its syntax, have a look at the
+ LaTeX-books
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Previewing Snippets of your Document
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Instant preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the
+ fly so you can see how they'll look in the final document without having
+ to break your train of thought with
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you would for example like to see in LyX your math formulas typeset by
+ LaTeX, install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+preview-latex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! preview-latex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ as explained below, and turn on
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preview
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+dialog under
+\family sans
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Previews are generated when you load a document into LyX and when you finish
+ editing an inset.
+ Previews of an already loaded document are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ generated just by selecting the
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preview
+\family default
+ check box, you have to reopen the documents to activate the previews.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX will generate previews of math insets.
+ It will also generate previews of included insets if you select the
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preview
+\family default
+ check box in the insert dialog.
+ This is useful if you wish to generate a preview of a LaTeX figure, for
+ example.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get previews working, you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+preview-latex
+\series default
+ (on some systems named simply
+\series bold
+preview
+\series default
+) installed.
+ In case it is not already installed, you find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
+ You obtain prettier results if you install the program
+\family typewriter
+pnmcrop
+\family default
+ from the
+\family typewriter
+netpbm
+\family default
+ package; for LyX on Windows this program is automatically installed together
+ with LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore preview the LaTeX source of the whole document or parts
+ of it.
+ Use the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Source
+\family default
+ and a window will be shown where you can see the LaTeX-source code.
+ The window shows the source of the whole paragraph where the cursor is
+ currently in.
+ You can also select document parts in LyX's main window, then only this
+ selection (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.
+ To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in
+ the source view window.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Spell Checking
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spell checking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX itself has no built-in spell checker.
+ Rather it uses one of the external programs
+\family typewriter
+aspell
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+hspell
+\family default
+, or
+\family sans
+pspell
+\family default
+ as backend.
+ This section assumes you have already installed and set up one of these
+ programs.
+
+\family typewriter
+aspell
+\family default
+ can be seen as successor of
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+, so that it is recommended to use aspell.
+
+\family sans
+hspell
+\family default
+ is a Hebrew spell-checker.
+ The used spell checker ind its settings are specified in LyX's preferences
+ under
+\family sans
+Language Settings
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For LyX on Windows, the selection box for the spell checking program is
+ greyed out in the preferences dialog because only
+\family sans
+aspell
+\family default
+ can be used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+ Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Spellchecker
+\family default
+ starts the spell checking beginning from the current cursor position.
+ A dialog window will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found,
+ allowing you to edit and replace it in a second line.
+ Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text
+ scrolled so that it is visible.
+ In the
+\family sans
+spell checker
+\family default
+ dialog, there is also a box showing suggestions for a correction, if any
+ could be found.
+ Clicking on one of the corrections will copy to the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\family default
+ field, double-click invokes directly the replacement.
+ Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the used dictionary file is determined by the document language
+ that is set in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ If you do not have a dictionary for the document language, spell checking
+ will bring an error message.
+ In this case, you can specify another dictionary file in the dialog by
+ specifying a different
+\family sans
+Alternative language
+\family default
+ in preferences dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After a spell check you'll informed about the number of checked words.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Limitations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is not possible to change the spelling of a particular word globally,
+ rather than having to change the spelling separately for each occurrence
+ of the word.
+ But you can use the
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+ dialog for that.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX cannot correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
+ This does work with
+\family typewriter
+pspell
+\family default
+, assuming you have marked the different languages appropriately.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Further Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Spellchecker
+\family default
+ section in the preferences dialog has some additional options:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Escape
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker
+ should consider, e.g.
+ German umlauts although you spell check English document.
+ This should not normally be needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Personal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+dictionary to use a different file than the spell checker's default choice
+ as your personal dictionary
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+compound
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+words Prevent the spell checker from complaining about compounded words
+ like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+passthrough
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+input
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+encoding Uses the document encoding that is set in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ also for the spellchecker.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The encodings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Only enable this if you use
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+ and can't spell check words with international letters in them.
+ There have been reports that this does not work with all dictionaries,
+ so this is disabled by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Thesaurus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Thesaurus currently only works when you use the document language English.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To start the thesaurus, highlight one word or set the cursor behind it,
+ and use the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/thesaurus-entry.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as
+ replacement.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The shown related words are in many cases not really related to the word
+ you are currently checking, scrolling in the shown list might help in some
+ cases to find related words.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The thesaurus only works for single words, and also only when it is in the
+ singular form.
+ For example starting the thesaurus with the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+reports
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ leads to no results, while results are shown for the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+report
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To avoid this, you can highlight only the part
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+report
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+reports
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to get results.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Change Tracking
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you work on a document together with many people it is extremely useful
+ to see changes others made highlighted in the document.
+ You can then decide if you accept a change or not.
+ This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by colors:
+\color blue
+Blue text
+\color inherit
+ is an addition,
+\color red
+red canceled text
+\color inherit
+ is a deletion.
+ You can change the color in LyX's preferences dialog under
+\family sans
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+feel
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Colors
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! LyX screen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in LyX:
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Review
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ChangesToolbar.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The review toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-track.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-output.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-next.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jumps to the next change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-accept.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-reject.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-merge.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Merge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/all-changes-accept.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/all-changes-reject.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-next.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Next
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes -- highlight
+ the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.
+ When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you informations about
+ the next change behind the current cursor position.
+ So you don't need to highlight a certain change.
+ Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and
+ step to the next change.
+ This way you can jump through all changes of the document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important
+ to describe a change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To show made changes in the output you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+dvipost
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! dvipost
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ installed.
+ You find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+International Support
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+International support
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.
+ For some non-western languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain
+ how to set up LyX to use them:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides languages, LyX also supports phonetic symbols, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Special-Character"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language Options
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Options
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Language
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog lets you set
+\family roman
+the language and character encoding for your language.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Choose your language in the
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ section of this dialog.
+ The default is
+\family sans
+English
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ box lets you choose the character encoding map you want to use for LaTeX
+ export.
+ The option
+\family sans
+use language's default encoding
+\family default
+ is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.
+ For details about the different encoding options see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard mapping configuration
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have for example a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a different
+ language than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
+ For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
+ you can configure LyX to use an Italian keymap.
+ The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings,
+ see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Keyboard-Map"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
+ which one you want to use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
+ different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
+ You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.S.
+ keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
+ In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
+ one to support the characters you want.
+ This and much more customizations are explained in the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Character Tables
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:keytab"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:The-latin1-character"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the
+\family typewriter
+Latin1
+\family default
+ character set.
+ You should be able to enter the characters in the first eight columns directly
+ from the keyboard.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are a few things you need to know about this table.
+ Here are some of the details you'll need to bear in mind when using characters
+ from the
+\family typewriter
+Latin1
+\family default
+ character set:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Even if you have selected
+\family sans
+latin1
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog, users who have only the
+\family typewriter
+T1
+\family default
+-fonts for LaTeX [or who have the
+\family typewriter
+T1
+\family default
+-fonts but aren't using them] will still miss a few characters: D0, F0,
+ DE, FE, AB, and BB -- the uppercase and lowercase eth and thorn, and the
+ french quotes won't show up.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:The-latin1-character"
+
+\end_inset
+
+The
+\family typewriter
+latin1
+\family default
+ character set
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="17">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
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+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
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+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_inset Text
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
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+\emph off
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset Text
+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
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+\noun off
+\color none
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+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ð
+\end_layout
+
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-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-00
+®
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+¾
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Î
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Þ
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+î
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+þ
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-10
+0F
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-20
+/
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-30
+?
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-40
+O
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-50
+_
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-60
+o
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-70
+¯
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-80
+¿
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-90
+Ï
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-A0
+ß
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ï
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ÿ
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display
+ directly.
+ It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but
+ also the characters from
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--2
+\family default
+ through
+\family typewriter
+4
+\family default
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+From
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--1
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+diaeresis
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+circumflex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+¸Çç
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+cedilla
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+¯
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+macron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+From
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--2
+\family default
+ through
+\family typewriter
+4
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+ĤĴĥĵĈĜŜĉĝŝ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+circumflex
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Ĩı̃Ũũ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+cedilla
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+macron
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŐŰőű
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Hungarian umlaut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts.
+ In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters.
+ Also make sure you're using the
+\family typewriter
+T1
+\family default
+ font-encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+\start_of_appendix
+The User Interface
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:The-User-Interface"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This appendix lists all available menus and describes its functionality.
+ It is designed as quick reference if you are searching for a special topic
+ inside the user's guide.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The File Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! File
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Under the
+\family sans
+File
+\family default
+ menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
+ At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Creates a new document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New from Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu prompts you for a template to use.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
+ the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open Recent
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.
+ Click there on a file to open it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Close
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Closes the current document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves the actual document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save As
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Revert to saved
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Reloads the actual document from disk.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Version Control
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is used when more people are working on the same document.
+ It is described in the section
+\emph on
+Version Control in LyX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Import
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B0
+You can import there files from older LyX-versions, LaTeX-files, NoWeb-files,
+ plain text files, and comma separated, table like, text files (CSV).
+ The files will be imported as new LyX-document.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When using the menu
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Text, Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C0
+Lines
+\family default
+, all lines will be imported consecutively to one big paragraph.
+ A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file.
+ , the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text
+ will start a new paragraph.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Export
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Export"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-D0
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-E0
+You can export your document to various file formats.
+ The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file.
+ The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
+ They depend on the programs found by LyX while its configuration.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list of all available entries; they are explained in detail in
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-F0
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-00
+:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+CJK
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+LyX
+\family default
+format of the special LyX 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
+ (CJK); (Since LyX 1.5.0 CJK support is fully integrated to LyX.)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+ DVI-format
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML HTML-format (the HTML-converter is a third-party product and doesn't
+ work in all cases)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+(MS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to
+\family sans
+MS Word
+\family default
+, as consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and not
+ in the format
+\family sans
+MathML
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-@
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document
+ will be converted to a format that is readable for the
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+ program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-P
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-'
+(plain)
+\family default
+ text file with the LaTeX source code, additionally all images used in the
+ document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable
+ for the
+\family typewriter
+latex
+\family default
+ program
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+1.y.x LyX-document in a format readable for the LyX versions 1.y.x (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-p
+y
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is replaced by the version number)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted text file, to be opened with
+\family sans
+OpenOffice
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+KOffice
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Abiword
+\family default
+, etc.
+ (the OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and doesn't work in
+ all cases)
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+\family sans
+PDF
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(dvipdfm)
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-°
+text
+\family default
+ text format
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-À
+(ps2ascii)
+\family default
+ text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format
+ and then exported as text using the program
+\family sans
+ps2ascii
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Postscript
+\family default
+ PostScript format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ð
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ custom format
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+The program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file.
+ It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from
+ what you want.
+
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+ produces directly PDF-files and supports the latest PDF-file formats.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+If one of the menu entries
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Postscript
+\family default
+ is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-à
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ð
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ allows you to export your file by using special command line options for
+ the export program.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-01
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Print
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu you can print your document to a file in PostScript format
+ or send it to a printer.
+ The printer will also use the document in PostScript format.
+ The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the
+ program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+.
+ For more informations have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Printing-the-File"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New and Close Window
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a new instance of LyX with all currently opened documents.
+ You can close it later with the corresponding menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Edit Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Edit
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-!
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Undo and Redo
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Q
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Select All
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Selects the whole document.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Find & Replace
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-q
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Move paragraph Up/Down
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+This shifts the paragraph where the cursor is currently in one paragraph
+ up or down.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Text Style
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¡
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-±
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Á
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ñ
+The settings in the paragraph dialog only affects the paragraph where the
+ cursor is in.
+ Here you can set here the paragraph alignment and line spacing.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also prevent that the first line of the paragraph is indented.
+ This option works only when you have chosen to separate paragraphs with
+ indents in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Layout
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-á
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Tabular and Math
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+These two menus are only active when the cursor is inside a table or a formula.
+ The properties of this table/formula can now be changed.
+ The properties of tables are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ñ
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Tables"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+, the properties of formulas in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-02
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Increase / Decrease List Depth
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus are only active when the cursor is in an environment that can
+ be nested.
+ They in/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The View Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! View
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the actual
+ document with an external program.
+ The menu entries for the viewing formats are not the same on all installations
+ - it depends on the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured.
+ All possible formats are formats listed in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Export"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-R
-\end_layout
+.
+ You should at least see the menu entries
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+.
+ If one of the two is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-r
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Invoking a menu will start a viewer program.
+ The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+.
+ The default viewers are set by LyX while it is first configured.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+At the bottom of the
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu the opened documents are listed.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-textcent
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View Source
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Update
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-character ¢
+This menu allows you to update the view with your latest changes without
+ opening a new view window.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Toolbars"
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-²
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this menu you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+ All toolbars and the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Buffer
+\family default
+ can be turned on and off.
+ The
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.
+ The
+\family sans
+Review
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Â
+Panels
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Math
+\family default
+ toolbars can be additionally set to the state
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+ that is denoted in the menu with the suffix
+\family sans
+(auto)
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ò
+In the
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is permanently shown, in the
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment
+ or when a certain feature is enabled.
+ That means that the review toolbar will only be shown when change tracking
+ is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown when the cursor
+ is inside a formula or table, respectively.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX's toolbars and its buttons are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-â
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Toolbars"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ò
+\begin_layout Section
+The Insert Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Insert
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-03
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Special Character
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Special-Character"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-#
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert the following characters:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
+Sentence Inserts an end of sentence dot as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Ordinary
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Quote Inserts this quote:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-S
+, no matter what quote type you selected in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Single
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Quote Inserts this quote:
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Menu
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-s
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Phonetic
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Symbols
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Phonetic symbols
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Phonetic symbols
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ Creates a formula with a so called tipa inset.
+ Here you can insert commands to create IPA phonetic symbols.
+ For this feature you must have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-£
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-\noun off
-\color none
-Ö
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:URL"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-æ
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Footnote
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a footnote, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ö
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Footnotes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-07
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Marginal Note
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a marginal note, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Short Title
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a short title, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-`
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-7
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Code
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a TeX Code box, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-G
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ for a description.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-W
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Program Listing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Program listings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-g
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a program listings box.
+ Program listings are explained in chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Date
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts the actual date.
+ The format dependends on the date format of the language that is used for
+ LyX's menus.
+ LyX offers another ways to insert a date which is explained in section
+
+\emph on
+External Material
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There the different methods are also compared.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-w
+\begin_layout Section
+The Navigate Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Navigate
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu lists the existing, chapter, sections, figures, and tables of
+ the current document.
+ This allows you to navigate easily through you document.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The Navigate menu also offers to
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bookmarks
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu you are able to define your own bookmarks.
+ This is useful when you are working on a large documents and often have
+ to jump e.g.
+ between section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+2.5 and 6.3.
+ To create bookmarks for this example, go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-§
-\end_layout
+2.5 and use the menu
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+1
+\family default
+.
+ Then go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-·
-\end_layout
+6.3 and use
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ç
+\family default
+2.
+ Now you can easily jump between these sections by using the menu or by
+ the key bindings
+\family sans
+C-1
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+C-2
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-×
+You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
+ The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Next Note, Change, Cross-reference
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ç
+Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference following the current
+ cursor position.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Go to Label
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Only active when the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.
+ Sets the cursor before the referenced label, the same as if you right-click
+ on a cross-reference box.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-÷
+\begin_layout Section
+The Document Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Document
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-08
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Change Tracking is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-(
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-8
+eX Log
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+After running LaTeX by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be
+ enabled.
+ It shows the logfile of the used LaTeX-program.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can see how LaTeX works in the background.
+
+\emph on
+Experts
+\emph default
+ will find in it reasons for LaTeX-errors.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-H
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Outline
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens the TOC/Outline window as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-X
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-of-Contents"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-h
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Start Appendix Here
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu will start the appendix of the document at the current cursor
+ position as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-x
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Appendices"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compressed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Un/compresses the actual document.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Settings
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Settings"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¨
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¸
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu dialog contains some submenus to set properties for the whole
+ document.
+ You can save your document settings as default with the
+\family sans
+Save as Document Defaults
+\family default
+ button in the dialog.
+ This will create a template named
+\family typewriter
+default.lyx
+\family default
+ which is automatically loaded by LyX when you create a new document without
+ using a template.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The different submenus of the dialog are explained in the following:
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-È
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Document Class
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you set the document class, class options, and a Postscript driver.
+ Document classes are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ø
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+ The Postscript driver is used for LaTeX's color and graphics packages.
+ When using
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+, the default driver for the LaTeX-packages are used.
+ It is recommended to use the default unless your know what you are doing.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-è
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Fonts
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The document font settings are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ø
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-09
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Text Layout
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+You can specify if paragraphs should be separated by indentations or vertical
+ skips.
+ The line spacing and the number of text columns can here also be specified.
+
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that LyX won't show two columns or the set up line spacing on screen.
+ That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ However, it will be as you specified it in the output.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The listings settings are explained in the corresponding section in the
+
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Page Layout
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+A description of this menu is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-9
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Document-Layout"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-I
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Page Margins
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the paper margins, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Y
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Margins"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-i
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Language
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Encoding
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The document language and quote styles are set here.
+ The encoding specifies how the document content is exported to LaTeX (the
+ LyX file is always encoded in utf8).
+ All characters that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding will
+ be exported as LaTeX-commands (this can fail if a LaTeX-command is not
+ known for a particular character).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-y
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The known commands are defined in a text file.
+ You can add commands for unknown symbols to that file yourself, see the
+
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual for details.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+If you use the option
+\family sans
+use language's default encoding
+\family default
+, LyX determines the encoding of a portion of text from the language of
+ this text.
+ If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
+ than one encoding in the LaTeX file.
+ If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+ exactly one encoding.
+ Checking this option is the preferred setting unless you use
+\family sans
+XeTeX
+\family default
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+XeTeX is a TeX typesetting engine, an alternative for LaTeX.
+ It natively supports Unicode while its input file is assumed to be in UTF-8
+ encoding.
+ More about using LyX with XeTeX can be found in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "XeTeX"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-©
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¹
+ (see below).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+LyX also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
+ lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
+ If you want to use this (and your LaTeX installation supports Unicode,
+ for that matter), choose one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.
+ Unfortunately the unicode support of standard LaTeX is quite incomplete,
+ so it is not uncommon that a file with lots of unicode symbols works fine
+ with
+\family sans
+use language's default encoding
+\family default
+ (when LyX uses it's list of known LaTeX-commands), but does not work with
+ a fixed utf8 encoding (when the list of known LaTeX-commands is ot used,
+ because all unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-É
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list with the important encodings:
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+default Same as
+\family sans
+use language's default encoding
+\family default
+, but the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ù
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-é
+ is not used.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some other packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in TeX code.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+armscii8 encoding for Armenian
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+ascii the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English, may result in a big
+ file because lots of LaTeX-commands may be needed
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ù
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1250 MS Windows code page for latin2
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1251 MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1252 MS Windows code page for latin1
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0A
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1255 MS Windows code page for Hebrew, superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1256 MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1257 MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, the ISO-8859-
+13 encoding that is a superset of the ISO-8859-4 encoding
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+iso88595 the ISO-8859-5 encoding, covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian,
+ Serbian, and Ukrainian
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+iso-8859-7 the ISO-8859-7 encoding, covers Greek
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+8859-8 the ISO-8859-8 encoding, covers Hebrew
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+koi8-r standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+koi8-u Cyrillic for Ukrainian
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+latin1 the ISO-8859-1 encoding, covers the languages Albanian, Catalan,
+ Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic,
+ Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish; should be
+ replaced by latin9
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-*
+\begin_layout Description
+latin2 the ISO-8859-2 encoding, covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German,
+ Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, and Slovenian
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+latin3 the ISO-8859-3 encoding, covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese, and
+ Turkish
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+latin4 the ISO-8859-4 encoding, covers Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-:
+\begin_layout Description
+latin5 the ISO-8859-9 encoding, covers Turkish, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding
+ where the Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+latin9 the ISO-8859-15 encoding, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with
+ the euro currency sign, the
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-J
+
+\backslash
+oe
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish; latin9 should
+ be the replacement for latin1
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Z
+\begin_layout Description
+pt154 Cyrillic for Kazakh
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8 Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-j
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-z
+.
+ Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+ is supported.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8x Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+ucs
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! ucs
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+ (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+UTF8 Unicode utf8 with the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ª
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-º
+ (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8-plain Unicode utf8 to be used with
+\family sans
+XeTeX
+\family default
+, which uses Unicode directly, without the help of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+More about using LyX with XeTeX can be found in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "XeTeX"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ê
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ú
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Numbering & TOC
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can adjust here the numbering depth of sections headings as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ê
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ú
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can specify here a citation style using the Latex@LaTeX-packages
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0B
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ or
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+ For a further description see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Math Options
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+These options will force LyX to use the Latex@LaTeX-packages
+\series bold
+amsmath
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-;
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ and
+\series bold
+esint
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-K
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! esint
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ or to use them automatically when they are needed.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-[
+\series bold
+amsmath
+\series default
+ is needed for many constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in formulas,
+ assure that you have enabled AMS.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-k
+\series bold
+esint
+\series default
+ is used for special integral characters.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Float Placement
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-{
-\end_layout
+The float placement options are described in section
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Float-Placement"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Bullets
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the characters for the itemize levels.
+ The itemize environment is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-«
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Branches
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Branches are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-»
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Branches"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ë
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+eX Preamble
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Û
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this text field are entered commands to load special LaTeX-packages or
+ to define LaTeX-commands.
+ The preamble is a thing for LaTeX-experts.
+ You shouldn't enter commands here until you don't exactly know what you
+ do.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+An introduction in the LaTeX-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ë
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-û
+\begin_layout Section
+The Tools Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Tools
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0C
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Spell checking is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Thesaurus
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The thesaurus is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-,
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Thesaurus"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-<
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Count Words
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Word count
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Counts the number of words in the actual document or the highlighted document
+ part.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-L
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Information
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TeX Information
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Shows you a list of the classes and styles installed in your LaTeX-system.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Reconfigure
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Reconfigure|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-l
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-|
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu reconfigures LyX.
+ That means LyX looks for LaTeX-packages and needed programs, see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¬
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¼
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Preferences
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The preferences dialog is described in detail in chapter
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ì
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ü
+\begin_layout Section
+The Help Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Help
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ì
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu opens the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's
+ menus.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ü
+Configuration
+\family default
+ shows a LyX-document with informations about the LaTeX-packages and classes
+ found by LyX (see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Toolbars"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0D
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Toolbars"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to define custom toolbars.
+ This is described in the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Standard Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Standard
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/StandardToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-=
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-M
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+LTleft}{0pt}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-]
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is necessary to left align the following longtables.
+ See the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-m
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\noun off
-\color none
-}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pull-down menu for the paragraph environments
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-textendash
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace -10mm
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-character
-\end_layout
+\align left
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-new.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-½
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/file-open.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Í
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ý
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-write.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-í
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ý
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Save
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 24bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0E
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Print
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_spellchecker.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-.
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
->
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-N
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-^
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-n
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Redo
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-~
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-®
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Copy
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¾
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Î
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Þ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-î
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-emph.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-þ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Emphasize text, function of the Edit
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0F
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-noun.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Set text to noun style, function of the Edit
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/textstyle-apply.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-/
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formats text using the current settings in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-?
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-O
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-_
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Inline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-o
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¯
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¿
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle outline window on/off,
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ï
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_math.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ß
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle math toolbar on/off
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_table.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ï
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ÿ
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle table toolbar on/off
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Extra Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Extra
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display
- directly.
- It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but
- also the characters from
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--2
-\family default
- through
-\family typewriter
-4
-\family default
-.
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
-\begin_layout Itemize
-From
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--1
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ
-\hfill
-diaeresis
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û
-\hfill
-circumflex
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù
-\hfill
-grave
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý
-\hfill
-acute
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ
-\hfill
-tilde
+The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-¸Çç
-\hfill
-cedilla
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-¯
-\hfill
-macron
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-The dead macron in usually not needed, as you will use a non--dead key for
- this instead.
- For example, S-M-minus, or if
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
-\shape default
- is correct, S-M-macron.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-From
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--2
-\family default
- through
-\family typewriter
-4
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-ĤĴĥȷ̂ĈĜŜĉĝŝ
-\hfill
-circumflex
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Default
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń
-\hfill
-acute
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Enumerate.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ĩı̃Ũũ
-\hfill
-tilde
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ
-\hfill
-cedilla
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-These characters might not look very nice on screen, but they will be just
- fine when run through LaTeX and printed.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Numbered list
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Itemize.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū
-\hfill
-macron
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŐŰőű
-\hfill
-hungarian umlaut
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts.
- In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters .
- Also make sure you're using the
-\family typewriter
-T1
-\family default
- font-encoding and have the package
-\family typewriter
-umlaute.sty
-\family default
- with the definition file
-\family typewriter
-iso.def
-\family default
- installed.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Introduction
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Itemized list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This manual covers the customization features present in LyX.
- In it, we discuss issues like keyboard shortcuts, screen previewing options,
- printer options, sending commands to LyX via the LyX Server, internationalizati
-on, installing new LaTeX classes and LyX layouts, etc.
- We can't possibly hope to touch on everything you can change---our developers
- add new features faster than we can document them---but we will explain
- the most common customizations and hopefully point you in the right direction
- for some of the more obscure ones.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_List.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+List
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-\start_of_appendix
-The User Interface
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cha:The-User-Interface"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Description.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This appendix lists all available menus and describes its functionality.
- It is designed as quick reference if you are searching for a special topic
- inside the user's guide.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Section
-The File Menu
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Under the
-\family sans
-File
-\family default
- menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
- At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-increment.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-New from Template
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu prompts you for a template to use.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note: There is no
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-default file
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- or document named
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Untitled
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Depth
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-decrement.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-scratch.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- Unless you tell LyX to open a file or create a new one.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Revert
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Revert
-\family default
- menu will reload the document from disk.
- You can also use it if you regret a change in the document and want to
- restore it to the last saved version.
-\end_layout
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Version Control
-\end_layout
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is used when more people are working on the same document.
- It is detailed described in the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+Depth
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Import
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/float-insert_figure.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can import text from an ASCII file using the menu
-\family sans
-ASCII\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-lines
-\family default
-.
- That means that each line of the file is imported as its own LyX paragraph.
- This is useful if you're importing a text file with a simple list in it.
- However, if your text file contains paragraphs, LyX will mangle the paragraphs
- if you use this form of import.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-ASCII\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-paragraphs
-\family default
- preserves paragraphs in text files.
- LyX won't mangle paragraphs - anything between two consecutive blank lines
- goes into its own LyX paragraph.
- The blank line mustn't contain spaces.
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Figure
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Export
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Export"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/float-insert_table.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can export your document to various file formats.
- The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file.
- The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
- They depend on the programs found by LyX while its configuration.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It follows a list of all available entries, they are explained in detail
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-ASCII
-\family default
- text format
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
- dvi-format
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-{}
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
-eX
-\family default
- text file of LaTeX source code
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-PDF
-\family default
- pdf-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-ps2pdf
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(dvipdfm)
-\family default
- pdf-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/index-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- pdf-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Postscript
-\family default
- PostScript format using the program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/nomencl-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- one of the formats above
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\family default
- produces internally a dvi-file which is then converted to a pdf-file.
- It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from
- what you want.
-
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
-\family default
- produces directly pdf-files and supports the latest pdf-file formats.
- Its use is recommended.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If one of the menu entries
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
-\family default
- or
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Postscript
-\family default
- is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.
- After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Entry
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Custom
-\family default
- allows you to export your file by using special command line options for
- the export program.
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Print
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-With this menu you can print your document to a file in PostScript format
- or send it to a printer.
- The printer will also use the document in PostScript format.
- The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the
- program
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
- For more informations have a look at sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Printing-the-File"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The Edit Menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Undo and Redo
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has a large-capacity undo/redo buffer.
- Select
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Undo
-\family default
- to undo some mistake.
- If you accidently undo too much, use
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Redo
-\family default
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-undo the undo.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100 steps to minimise memory
- overhead.
-
+Note
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice that if you revert back all changes to arrive to the document as
- it was last saved, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/box-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-changed
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- status of the document is unfortunately not reset.
- This is a consequence of the 100 step undo limit, above.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Undo
-\family default
- and
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Redo
-\family default
- work on almost everything in LyX.
- But they won't undo or redo text changes character by character, only by
- blocks of text.
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Box
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cut, Copy and Paste
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/url-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-Whenever you delete a block of text that you've selected, it's automatically
- placed in the clipboard, so that the
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
- keys also function as the
-\family sans
-Cut
-\family default
- command.
- If you've selected text and hit a key, LyX will replace the selected text
- by the character of the pressed key.
- You'll have to do an
-\family sans
-Undo
-\family default
- to get back the lost text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To select text hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse.
- LyX marks the text between the old and new mouse positions.
- Use the menu
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Copy
-\family default
- to create a copy of the text in the clipboard.
- To paste text, use the middle mouse button (eventual click on the mouse
- wheel).
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+URL
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also copy text between LyX and other programs by cut, copy and paste.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
-\family sans
-Paste\InsetSpace ~
-External\InsetSpace ~
-Selection
-\family default
- will insert the text in the clipboard
-\family sans
-as
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Lines
-\family default
-, that means the whole text is inserted as
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- paragraph or
-\family sans
-as
-\family default
-
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Paragraphs
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+T
\family default
-, where the line breaks of the text will start a new paragraph.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Find/Replace
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
-\family default
- item opens the
-\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
-\family default
- dialog.
- The text you want to find goes in the
-\family sans
-Find
-\family default
- box.
- Once you've found a word or expression, LyX selects it.
- Hitting the
-\family sans
-Replace
-\family default
- button replaces the selected text with the contents of the
-\family sans
-Replace\InsetSpace ~
-with
-\family default
- box.
- You can click to search again to skip the current word.
- Hit
-\family sans
-Replace All
-\family default
- to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.
- The
-\family sans
-Case\InsetSpace ~
-sensitive
-\family default
- toggle button can be used if you want the search to consider the case of
- the search word.
- If the toggle is set, searching for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-Match
-\family default
+\family sans
+eX
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_include.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
- will not match the word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-match
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
- The
\family sans
-Match\InsetSpace ~
-Word
-\family default
- toggle button can be used to force LyX to only find complete words.
- I.e.
- searching for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Child
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Document
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-match
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
- will not match
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-matches
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Style
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-matchbox
-\family default
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout-paragraph.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, etc.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Tabular and Math
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only active when the cursor is inside a table or a formula.
- The properties of this table/formula can now be changed.
- The properties of tables are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:tables"
+Settings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/thesaurus-entry.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-, the properties of formulas in chap.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thesaurus
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Spell Checking
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Spell Checking"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX itself has no built-in spell checker.
- Rather it uses one of the external programs
-\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-hspell
-\family default
- as backend.
- This section assumes you have already installed and set up one of these
- programs.
-
-\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
- can be seen as successor of
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
-, so that it is recommended to use aspell.
-
-\family sans
-hspell
-\family default
- is an Hebrew spell-checker.
- The used spell checker is set in the preferences, see
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View / Update Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! View / Update
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Spell checking will start just after the current cursor position.
- A dialog window will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found,
- allowing you to edit and replace it in a second line.
- Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the view
- in your text buffer is updated to make the word visible.
- In the
-\family sans
-spell checker
-\family default
- dialog, there is also a box showing suggestions for a correction, if any
- could be found.
- Clicking on one of the corrections will copy the near miss into the replace
- input field (double-click to invoke replace).
- Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By default, the dictionary file to use is determined by the language of
- the text you're checking, which is set in the
-\family sans
-Layout
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\family sans
-Document
-\family default
- dialog.
- If you do not have a dictionary for the document language, the spell checker
- will not work.
- In this case, you can specify another dictionary file in the dialog by
- specifying a different
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ViewToolbar.png
-alternative language
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After a spell check you'll informed about the number of checked words.
- (This at the moment the only possibility for a word count of a document.)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Limitations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is not possible to change the spelling of a particular word globally,
- rather than having to change the spelling separately for each occurrence
- of the word.
- But you can use the
-\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
-\family default
- menu for that.
+The view / update toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the
+ following buttons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX cannot correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
- This does work with
-\family typewriter
-pspell
-\family default
-, assuming you have marked the different languages appropriately.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Personal dictionary
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to use a different file from the spell checker's default choice
- as your personal dictionary, you can set this in the dialog.
- Specifying a filename which does not already exist will result in an error
- message on stderr which you can ignore (
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- will create the file at the end of your spell checking).
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Further Options
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
-Spellchecker
-\family default
- menu has some additional options which are self-explanatory:
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-ccept compound words
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\newline
-Prevent the spell checker from complaining about compounded words like
-\newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_pdf2.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-passthrough
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-scape characters
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\newline
-Allows you to add nonstandard characters to what the spell checker considers
- words, e.g.
- German umlauts.
- This should not normally be needed.
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Check T
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_pdf2.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-eX
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-no idea
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This button is on some LyX for Windows installations not here because its
+ functionality is merged with
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\family default
+.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Preferences
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_ps.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-The preferences dialog is described in detail in chapter
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Reconfigure
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu reconfigures LyX.
- That means LyX looks for LaTeX-packages and needed programs, see also sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_ps.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The Insert Menu
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The Layout Menu
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Character Settings
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paragraph Settings
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The settings in the paragraph dialog affects only the paragraph where the
- cursor is in.
- The dialog consists of the following three tabs:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-General
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can set the paragraph alignment and line spacing.
- You can also prevent that the first line of the paragraph is indented.
- This option works only when you have chosen indent separation of paragraphs
- in the
-\family sans
-Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Document
-\family default
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Layout
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Spacing
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other Toolbars
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can set different spaces above and below paragraphs.
- There are three predefined skips with a size relative to the font size.
- The space VFill is a so called rubber length, described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+The change tracking toolbar is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:vertspace"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+, the table toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Lines & Pagebreaks
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Table
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pagebreaks can also be forced in this dialog tab.
- They are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+ is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:pagebreak"
+\begin_layout Chapter
+The
+\family sans
+Preferences
+\family default
+ Dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
\end_inset
-.
- You can also put lines around a paragraph as explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Lines-around-Paragraphs"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preferences
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Settings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This menu dialog contains some submenus to set properties for the whole
- document.
- You can save your document settings as default with the
-\family sans
-Save as Document Defaults
-\family default
- button in the dialog.
- This will create a template named
-\family typewriter
-default.lyx
-\family default
- which is automatically loaded by LyX when you create a new document without
- using a template.
+The preferences dialog is called with the menu Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences.
+ It consists of submenus explained in the following.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Look and Feel
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are set the document class, class options, fonts and other layout issues.
- Document classes are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:doc-classes"
+\begin_layout Subsection
+User Interface
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:ui"
\end_inset
-, font in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of toolbars
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- The float placement options are described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Float-Placement"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of menus
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can further adjust the paragraph separation:
-\family sans
-Indent
-\family default
- means that the first line of each paragraph is indented.
-
-\family sans
-Skip
-\family default
- separates paragraphs by a customizable skip.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Paper
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A detailed description of this menu is given in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You have to restart LyX before changes in ui- and bind-files take effect.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Margins
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+User Interface File
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of toolbars
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can adjust the paper margins, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Margins"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of menus
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Language
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The document language and quote styles are set here.
- The encoding is necessary to be able to enter characters in the document
- language.
- E.g.
- you possibly want to enter the æ-ligature directly with the keyboard and
- not by using LaTeX-commands.
+The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing an user
+ interface (ui) file.
+ An ui-file is a textfile where the toolbars and menus are listed.
+ The toolbar buttons and menu entries are specified in the files
+\shape italic
+stdtoolbars.inc
+\shape default
+ and
+\shape italic
+stdmenus.inc
+\shape default
+, respectively.
+ Both files are loaded by the
+\emph on
+default.ui
+\emph default
+ file.
+ To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these
+ files and edit the entries.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font encoding
+The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: The
+\family sans
+Menubar
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Menu
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ entries must be ended with an explicit
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+.
+ They may contain
+\family sans
+Submenus
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Items
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+OptItems
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Separators
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Icons,
+\family default
+ and in the case of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-auto
+file
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- should work on most systems.
- LyX will then take the right one automatically.
- If it don't work, e.g.
- you want cyrillic letters, but see latin ones, you have to adjust the encoding
- manually.
- It follows a list with the available encodings:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-latin1 the ISO-8859-1 encoding, covers the languages Albanian, Catalan,
- Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic,
- Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish; should be
- replaced by latin9
+ menus a
+\family sans
+Lastfiles
+\family default
+ entry.
+ The syntax for the entries is:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-latin2 the ISO-8859-2 encoding, covers the languages Croat, Czech, German,
- Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, and Slovenian
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-latin3 the ISO-8859-3 encoding, covers the languages Esperanto, Galician,
- Maltese, and Turkish
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-latin4 the ISO-8859-4 encoding, covers the languages Estonian, Latvian,
- and Lithuanian
-\end_layout
+\series bold
+Item
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-latin5 the ISO-8859-9 encoding, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding but the Icelandic
- letters are replaced by Turkish letters
-\end_layout
+menu
+\series default
+or
+\series bold
+ button name
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-latin9 the ISO-8859-15 encoding, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with
- the euro currency sign, the
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+LyX-function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-oe
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
--ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish; latin9 should
- be the replacement or latin1
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-koi8-r standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-koi8-u Cyrillic for Ukrainian
-\end_layout
+All LyX-functions are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "LyX-func"
-\begin_layout Description
-cp866 MS-DOS code page for Russian
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-cp1251 MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-iso88595 the ISO-8859-5 encoding, covers the languages Belorussian, Bulgarian,
- Macedonian, Serbian, and Ukrainian
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-pt154 Cyrillic for Kazakh
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-utf8 code page for unicode utf8
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Bullets
+\begin_layout Standard
+An example: Assuming you use the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the
+ line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can adjust the characters for the itemize levels.
- The itemize environment is described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:itemize"
+\series bold
+Item "Save Bookmark 6" "bookmark-save 6"
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
-.
+to the navigate menu section in the .inc-file to have the sixth bookmark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Numbering
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bind-File
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bindings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can adjust here the numbering depth of sections headings as described
- in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:numbering-depth"
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bindings are used to bind a function to a key.
+ Several binding files are available:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Bibliography
+\begin_layout Description
+cua.bind typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu needs the LaTeX-package
+\begin_layout Description
+(x)emacs.bind set of bindings like they are used in the editor programs
\family sans
-natbib
+Emacs
\family default
- installed.
- If you use NatBib, you can choose between two citation styles.
- For a further description see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Bibliography"
+ (
+\family sans
+XEmacs
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+mac.bind set of bindings for
+\family sans
+Mac
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Packages
+OS
+\family default
+ systems.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is only one package to choose.
+There are also bind-files designed for special document classes, like
+\shape italic
+broadway.bind
+\shape default
+, and bind files for special languages.
+ The name of language bind-files begin with a language code, e.g.
-\family sans
-AMS math
-\family default
- will invoke the LaTeX-package amsmath, that is necessary for many math/formula
- constructs.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Preamble
-\end_layout
+pt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-In this text field are entered commands to load special LaTeX-packages or
- to define LaTeX-commands.
- The preamble is a thing for LaTeX-experts.
- You shouldn't enter commands here until you don't exactly know what you
- do.
+ for Portuguese.
+ If you use LyX in a certain language, LyX will try to use the appropriate
+ bind-file.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An introduction in the LaTeX-syntax is given in the
+Some bind-files, like
\emph on
-Extended\InsetSpace ~
-Features
+math.bind
\emph default
- manual.
+, have only a small scope.
+ When looking at the the end of the file
+\shape italic
+cua.bind
+\shape default
+, you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Environment Depth
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you like to customize the keybindings to your own taste, modify the bind-file
+s with a text editor.
+ The syntax of the entries is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These menus in/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\backslash
+bind
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+key combination
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:numbering-depth"
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+LyX-function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- et sqq.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Appendix
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Using this menu will start the appendix of the document at the current cursor
- position.
- The appendix is visually emphasized in LyX as box with a red border.
-\end_layout
+All LyX-functions are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "LyX-func"
-\begin_layout Standard
-The appendix is the last part of a document.
- Within it, you can use all paragraph types but sections will be numbered
- with latin letters to show the difference.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-The View Menu
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To preview the document with an external program, use this menu.
- It offers the preview in
-\emph on
-dvi
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-pdf
-\emph default
- format.
- The menu entries for previewing are not the same on all installations -
- it depends on the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Session
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It follows a list of all available entries:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
-\family sans
-DVI
-\family default
- dvi-format
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-
+When the option
\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(dvipdfm)
-\family default
- pdf-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-dvipdfm
-\end_layout
+Save
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
+restore window size, or use fixed size
\family default
- pdf-format using the program
-\family typewriter
-pdflatex
+ is not checked, you can specify the size of LyX's main window when LyX
+ is started.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The differences of the formats are explained in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+With the option
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Export"
-
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+restore window position
+\family default
+ LyX will be opened with its main window at the last used position.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You should at least see the menu entries
+The option
\family sans
-DVI
+Restore cursor positions
\family default
- and
+ sets the cursor to the position in the file where it has been the last
+ time.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
\family sans
-PDF\InsetSpace ~
-(pdflatex)
+Load opened files from last session
\family default
-.
- If on of the two is missing you need to update your LaTeX installation.
- After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
-
+ opens all files that were opened in the last LyX session.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Documents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Backup documents"
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Invoking a menu will start a viewer program.
- The viewer can be set in the preferences, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Preferences"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Backup ! Documents
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- The default viewers are set by LyX while it's configuration.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Update
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This menu allows you to update the preview with your latest changes without
- opening a new preview file.
+When the option
+\family sans
+Backup documents
+\family default
+ is set, you can specify the time between backup saves.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
\begin_layout Standard
-{}
-\end_layout
-
+\family sans
+Maximum last files
+\family default
+ is the number of last opened files that LyX should display in the menu
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-eX Logfile
+Recent
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-After opening a preview file or after exporting the document, this menu
- will be enabled.
- It shows the logfile of the used LaTeX-program.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Scrolling
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can see how LaTeX works in the background.
-
-\emph on
-Experts
-\emph default
- will find in it reasons for LaTeX-errors.
+The option
+\family sans
+Cursor follows scrollbar
+\family default
+ sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when
+ scrolling.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table of Contents
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Pixmap Cache
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This menu opens the same window that appears when clicking on the grey table
- of contents box.
- Within this window you can navigate through the document similar to the
- navigate menu.
- You can open/close section levels by using the slide control at the bottom
- of the dialog.
+With the option
+\family sans
+Enable Pixmap Cache
+\family default
+ enabled, LyX needs to redraw the screen less often.
+ This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
+ On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
+ So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
+ aesthetics.
+ Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+OS and Windows.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-T
-\begin_inset ERT
+Screen Fonts
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Screen
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX Information
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Shows you a list of the classes and styles installed in your LaTeX-system.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Screen-Fonts"
-\begin_layout Section
-The Navigate Menu
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu lists the existing list of figures, list of tables and the table
- of contents (TOC) of the current file.
- This allows you to navigate easily through you document.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Navigate menu also offers to jump to the next error-, note- or label-box
- following the current cursor position.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bookmarks
+\begin_layout Standard
+These fonts are used to display your documents on the screen.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With this menu you are able to define your own bookmarks.
- This is useful when you're working on a large documents and often have
- to jump e.g.
- between sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-2.6 and 6.3.
- To create bookmarks for this example, go to sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2.6 and use the menu
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This section only deals with the fonts
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ the LyX window.
+ The fonts that appear on the output are independent from these fonts, and
+ set in the menu
\family sans
-Save\InsetSpace ~
-Bookmark\InsetSpace ~
-1
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Fonts
\family default
.
- Then go to sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-6.3 and use
-\family sans
-Save\InsetSpace ~
-Bookmark\InsetSpace ~
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, LyX uses
+\family typewriter
+Times
\family default
-2.
- Now you can easily jump between these sections by using the menu or by
- the key bindings
-\family sans
-C-1
+ as roman (serif) font,
+\family typewriter
+Arial
\family default
- and
+ or
+\family typewriter
+Helvetica
+\family default
+ (depends on the system) as
\family sans
-C-2
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
\family default
-.
+ font, and
+\family typewriter
+Courier
+\family default
+ as
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
- The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
+You can change the font size with the
+\family sans
+Zoom
+\family default
+ setting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you wish to have more than three available bookmarks, look at sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Screen DPI
+\family default
+ is the screen resolution in dpi (dots per inch).
+ The Font Sizes are calculated as letter height in units of points.
+ 72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ui"
-
+points have the size of 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- for a detailed description.
-\end_layout
+inch, see Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-The Documents Menu
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here are listed all opened LyX files for an easy switching between them.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-\begin_layout Section
-The Help Menu
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This menu opens the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's
- menus.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The menu
+The default
\family sans
-LaTeX\InsetSpace ~
-Configuration
+Font Sizes
\family default
- creates a LyX-file with informations about the LaTeX-packages and classes
- found by LyX (see also sec.
+ are the same as if a document font size of 10
\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
+pt would be used.
+ The sizes are explained in detail in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Document-Font"
\end_inset
-).
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The Toolbar
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Colors
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/StandardToolbar.png
- width 100col%
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! LyX screen
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
- buttons:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Color
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
\end_inset
-\family default
- pull-down menu for the paragraph environments
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can here change all colors used by LyX.
+ Choose an item in the list and use the
\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-new.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Alter
\family default
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New
+ button.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Graphics
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/file-open.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Graphics
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Open
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-write.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Save
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can specify how graphics inside LyX are displayed.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_print.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 24bp 20bp
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Print
-\end_layout
+Instant Preview
+\family default
+ enables previewing snippets of your document.
+ This feature is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_spellchecker.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
\end_inset
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Spellchecker
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard Map
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/undo.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Keyboard Map
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Undo
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Keyboard Map
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/redo.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Keyboard-Map"
\end_inset
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Redo
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/cut.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally keyboard settings have to be done in a menu of your operating system.
+ For the case that this is not possible, LyX provides keyboard maps.
+ If you have e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cut
+a Czech keyboard but want to write with it like with a Romanian one, you
+ can use the keyboard map file named
+\emph on
+romanian.kmap
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/copy.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Copy
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Keyboard maps are only provided as makeshift and don't work on all systems.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/paste.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paste
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Section
+Paths
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paths
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Find\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-&\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-Replace
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-emph.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Directory
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-Emphasize text, function of the Edit
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
-\family default
- dialog
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-noun.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Working
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- Set text to noun style, function of the Edit
+directory This is LyX's working directory.
+ It is the default when you
\family sans
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+Open
\family default
- dialog
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/font-free-apply.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
+,
+\family sans
+Save
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- Formats text using the current settings in the
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+as
\family default
- dialog
+ files.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Inline\InsetSpace ~
-Formula
-\end_layout
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Backup
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphics
+directory
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Backup ! Directory
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\end_inset
+ Backup copies will be saved to this directory.
+ When no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Backup documents"
\end_inset
- Toggle outline window on/off
+, the
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Outline
-\end_layout
+Working directory
+\family default
+ will be used to save the backups.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_math.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+The backup files have the ending
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+.lyx~
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- Toggle math toolbar on/off
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_table.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Description
+Ly
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- Toggle table toolbar on/off
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
- width 100col%
+\end_inset
+XServer-Pipe Here you can enter the name of a Unix-pipe.
+ This pipe is used to send data from external programs to LyX.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
- buttons:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/layout_Enumerate.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature doesn't work on Windows systems.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- Numbered list
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/layout_Itemize.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Temporary
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- Itemized list
+directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/layout_List.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_layout Description
+PATH
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- List
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/layout_Description.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.
+ When LyX needs to use an external program, it looks in this list where
+ to find it on the system.
+ The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems while
+ LyX is configured, so that you normally don't have to modify it.
+ On Unix
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- Description list
+Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external
+ programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/depth-increment.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Section
+Identity
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert your name and email address.
+ The identity will be used when you have enabled change tracking as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Increase\InsetSpace ~
-List\InsetSpace ~
-Depth
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/depth-decrement.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Decrease\InsetSpace ~
-List\InsetSpace ~
-Depth
+, to mark changes you make as yours.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/float-insert_figure.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Section
+Language Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Settings
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Figure
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/float-insert_table.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Language
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Label
+language is the language used in new documents
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+package is a LaTeX-command to load a LaTeX-package that handles language
+ issues.
+ The default is the LaTeX-command
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross-Reference
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\backslash
+usepackage{babel}
+\family default
+ that loads the package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For an introduction to the LaTeX-Syntax, have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Citation
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/index-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Index\InsetSpace ~
-Entry
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Footnote
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ translates in the background automatically text labels of documents to
+ the document language.
+ A text label is for instance the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Marginal\InsetSpace ~
-Note
-\end_layout
+Table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/note-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+ at the beginning of every table-caption.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+start When a special LaTeX-package is needed to write in a certain document
+ language, you can here specify the command to start the package.
+ An example is the start command
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LyX\InsetSpace ~
-Note
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/url-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\backslash
+begin{arabtext}
+\family default
+ that is needed to write Arabic using the package
+\series bold
+ArabTeX
+\series default
+, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic"
\end_inset
-
+.
+ The default is the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ command
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Url
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\backslash
+selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+end Counterpart to
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-T
+Command start
\family default
+.
+ Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
+ command toggles the package on and off.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+babel Whether
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ is used or not.
+\end_layout
-{}
+\begin_layout Description
+Global When this option is set, the languages used in the document will
+ be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be
+ used by all Latex@LaTeX-packages.
+ Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ package.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+begin When this option is set, the documents starts with the chosen document
+ language.
+ When this option is not set, the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+start
+\family default
+ is explicitly set to the beginning of the document in the LaTeX-output.
+ This assures that the correct language is used when you use another
\family sans
-eX
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ than the default.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_include.xpm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+end Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+begin
+\family default
+.
+ When it is not set, the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Child\InsetSpace ~
-Document
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end
+\family default
+ is set to the end of the document.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Description
+Mark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+foreign
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-Style
+languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document
+ language will be underlined blue.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/layout-paragraph.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Paragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\end_layout
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/thesaurus-entry.xpm
- width 0.9cm
- height 0.9cm
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
+left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+language
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Thesaurus
+support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left, like Arabic,
+ Hebrew, Farsi.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to define custom toolbars.
- This is described in the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual.
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-The
-\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- Dialog
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+The spellchecker settings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-The preferences dialog is called with the menu Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences.
- It consists of submenus explained in the following.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Look and Feel
+Outputs
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-User Interface
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ui"
+Printer
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Printer"
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-At first a note: You have to restart LyX before changes in .ui and .bind-files
- take effect.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Printer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-User Interface File
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The appearance of both the menu and toolbar can both be changed by choosing
- another
-\family typewriter
-.ui
-\family default
--file.
- For the moment, only one file exists, the
-\family typewriter
-default.ui
-\family default
-.
- A .ui-file is a text file where the menu and toolbar entries are listed.
- To create a new .ui-file, start with a copy of the default.ui from the folder
- lyx/share/lyx/ui and edit the entries.
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Printer
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The syntax of the
-\family typewriter
-.ui
-\family default
- files is straightforward.
-
-\family typewriter
-The Menubar
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-Menu
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-Toolbar
-\family default
- entries must be ended with an explicit
-\family typewriter
-End
-\family default
-.
- They may contain
-\family typewriter
-Submenu
-\family default
-s,
-\family typewriter
-Item
-\family default
-s,
-\family typewriter
-OptItem
-\family default
-s,
-\family typewriter
-Separator
-\family default
-s,
-\family typewriter
-Icon
-\family default
-s and in the case of the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-file
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- menus, a
-\family typewriter
-Lastfiles
-\family default
- entry.
- One small word of warning.
-
-\family typewriter
-Submenu
-\family default
-s may be inserted in a
-\family typewriter
-Menubar
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-Menu
-\family default
-, but they are defined as
-\family typewriter
-Menu
-\family default
-s, not as
-\family typewriter
-Submenu
-\family default
-s.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now an example: Assuming you use the menu
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+printer Here you can specify the name of your default printer.
+ The name will be used when the
\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Bookmarks
+Printer command
\family default
- quite often and therefore want four available bookmarks, you can simply
- add the lines
-\newline
+ is executed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\newline
-Item "Save Bookmark 4" "bookmark-save 4"
-\newline
-Item "Goto Bookmark
- 4" "bookmark-goto 4"
-\newline
-\newline
-to the navigate menu section in the .ui-file to have
- the fourth bookmark.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Bind File
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:bindings"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can leave this field empty on Windows systems because it has there
+ no effect.
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bindings are used to bind a function to a key.
- Several prepackaged binding files are available:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-cua.bind set of bindings (as the typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts)
-\end_layout
+Adapt
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-(x)emacs.bind set of bindings like they are used in the editor programs
+output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+printer This option works only for the
\family sans
-Emacs
+Printer command
\family default
- (
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
-XEmacs
+dvips
\family default
-)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-mac.bind set of bindings for Mac
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-OS systems.
+.
+ It activates a configuration file for dvips.
+ This is an option only for dvips experts.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also bind file for designed to them with special document classes,
- like broadway.bind) and bind files for special languages.
- The language bind file names begin with a language code, e.g.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+Printer
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-pt
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+command is the command LyX
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
- for Portuguese.
- LyX supports internationalization of the user interface, see sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+LaTeX uses for printing.
+ The default is on most systems
+\family sans
+dvips
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Selecting-an-alternative"
+\begin_layout Description
+Printer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- If you use LyX in a certain language, LyX will try to use the appropriate
- bind files.
+Options Here you can specify printer options.
+ A list of printer options with explanations can be found in the documentation
+ of the program that provides the
+\family sans
+Printer command
+\family default
+ you are using.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some bind files, like math.bind, have only a small scope.
- When looking at the the end of the file cua.bind, you can see that they
- are included to keep the overview in the bind file.
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Date Format
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Date Format
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you like to customise the keybindings to your own taste, modify the .bind-file
-s with a text editor and don't forget to load the modified files into LyX
- using the
-\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog.
- The syntax of the
-\family typewriter
-.bind
-\family default
- files is straightforward:
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Date format
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-\backslash
-bind <key combination> <lyx-function>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Both key combination and lyx-function (including any arguments) must be
- enclosed in "double quotes".
- All the LyX functions are listed in the
-\emph on
-Reference Manual
-\emph default
-.
+The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?date
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For example the format
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+%d/%m/%y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+prints the date as day/month/year.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Screen Fonts
+Plain Text
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-These fonts are used to display your documents on the screen.
- Notice that this section only deals with the fonts
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- the LyX window.
- The fonts that appear on the
-\emph on
-paper
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-output
-\emph default
- are independent from these fonts, and are set in the menu
+\begin_layout Description
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
+ the menu
\family sans
-Layout\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Document
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
\family default
.
+ Setting the line line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless
+ line.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, LyX uses
-\emph on
-times
-\emph default
- as serif font,
-\emph on
-arial
-\emph default
- or
-\emph on
-helvetica
-\emph default
- (depends on the system) as sans serif font, and
-\emph on
-courier
-\emph default
- as monospaced/typewriter font.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+roff
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Screen DPI
+command defines an additional command used to produce better ASCII tables
+ with the
+\family typewriter
+groff/troff/nroff
\family default
- is the screen resolution in dpi (dots per inch).
+ UNIX-commands (refer to their manuals for more information about them).
+ Setting this as empty tells LyX to use the internal formatter.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The Font Sizes are adjusted as letter height in units of points.
- 72\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-points have the size of 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-inch, see Appendix\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_inset
+{}
+\end_layout
-.
- The font sizes are the same as used for a document font size of 10
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-pt.
- They are explained in detail in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+eX
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LaTeX-settings"
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Document-Font"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Latex@LaTeX
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Colors
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can here change all colors used by LyX.
- Just choose an item in the list and use the
-\family sans
-Alter
-\family default
- button.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Te
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Graphics
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here could you specify how graphics inside LyX are displayed.
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The button instant preview is used to enable previewing snippets of your
- document.
- This feature is described in sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+X
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+encoding This is the default encoding of the document font.
+
+\family sans
+T1
+\family default
+ is the default and covers western languages and symbols.
+
+\family sans
+T2A
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2B
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2C
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+LCY
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+X2
+\family default
+ are for Cyrillic.
+ Combinations of the encodings are possible, like
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+\family sans
+T1, T2B
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
+ The font encoding is normally automatically loaded by the language packages
+ LyX sets up in the background.
+ So there is no need to change the default encoding.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Keyboard Map
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you have e.g.
- a Czech keyboard but want to write with it like with a Romanian one, you
- can use the keyboard map file named
+paper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+size This is the paper size that is used for new documents.
+ The
\family sans
-romanian.kmap
+Default
\family default
-.
- Normally keyboard settings have to be done in a menu of your operating
- system.
- These keyboard maps are only provided as makeshift and doesn't work on
- all systems.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Paths
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Identity
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Language Settings
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Language
+ value depends on your LaTeX-system setup.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Default language
-\family default
- is the language used in new documents.
- The Language package should always be babel.
- babel translates in the background automatically text labels to the document
- language.
- A text label is for instance the word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+Reset
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-table
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+class
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- at the beginning of every table-caption.
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{babel}
-\series default
- is a LaTeX-command to use the package babel.
- For an introduction to the LaTeX-Syntax, look at sec.
-\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+options
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ERT"
-
+when
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+classes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+changes Removes all manually set document class options in the
\family sans
-Command start/end
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- ???
+ dialog when changing the document class.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are also the following options in the menu:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Use\InsetSpace ~
-babel whether babel is used or not
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Global ???
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Auto\InsetSpace ~
-begin ??
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Auto\InsetSpace ~
-end ?
+In the
+\family sans
+External Applications
+\family default
+ field you can specify commands with parameters for the listed applications.
+ Before you change something here, it is strongly recommended to read the
+ manuals of the applications.
+ Currently the following commands can be set:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Mark\InsetSpace ~
-foreign\InsetSpace ~
-languages text marked formatted in a language different from
- the document language will be blue underlined
-\end_layout
+CheckTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
-left\InsetSpace ~
-language\InsetSpace ~
-support enables the use of languages, written from right
- to left, like Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Spellchecker
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Outputs
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Printer
-\end_layout
+X
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Date Format
+command Command for the program
+\family sans
+CheckTeX
+\family default
+ that is described in section
+\emph on
+Checking TeX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+BibTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%A locale's full weekday name, variable length (Sunday..Saturday)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%b locale's abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%B locale's full month name, variable length (January..December)
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%c locale's date and time (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
-\end_layout
+X
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%C century (year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer) [00-99]
-\end_layout
+command Command for the program
+\family sans
+BibTeX
+\family default
+ that generates the bibliography, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%d day of month (01..31)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%D date (mm/dd/yy)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%e day of month, blank padded ( 1..31)
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%F same as %Y-%m-%d
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%g the 2-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%G the 4-digit year corresponding to the %V week number
-\end_layout
+command Command for the program that generates the index, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%h same as %b
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%H hour (00..23)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Index-Program"
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%I hour (01..12)
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%j day of year (001..366)
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%k hour ( 0..23)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+DVI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%l hour ( 1..12)
-\end_layout
+viewer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%m month (01..12)
-\end_layout
+paper
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%M minute (00..59)
-\end_layout
+size
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%n a newline
+options They only have an effect when the program
+\family sans
+xdvi
+\family default
+ is used as DVI-viewer.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paths
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%p locale's upper case AM or PM indicator (blank in many locales)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paths
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%P locale's lower case am or pm indicator (blank in many locales)
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%r time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%R time, 24-hour (hh:mm)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%s seconds since `00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC' (a GNU extension)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Paths
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%S second (00..60); the 60 is necessary to accommodate a leap second
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%t a horizontal tab
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%T time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%u day of week (1..7); 1 represents Monday
+The submenu
+\family sans
+Paths
+\family default
+ is only available in the Windows version of LyX.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Use Windows-style paths in LaTeX files
+\family default
+ uses the Windows path style:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%U week number of year with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
+C:
+\backslash
+test
+\backslash
+hello
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%V week number of year with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
+instead of the Unix path style:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%w day of week (0..6); 0 represents Sunday
+C:/test/hello
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%W week number of year with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Converters
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%x locale's date representation (mm/dd/yy)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Converters
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%X locale's time representation (%H:%M:%S)
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%y last two digits of year (00..99)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%Y year (1970...)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%z RFC-822 style numeric timezone (-0500) (a nonstandard extension)
-\end_layout
+Here you find the list of defined converter commands to convert material
+ from one format to another.
+ You can modify them or create new ones.
+ To modify a converter, select it, change the entry of the field
+\family sans
+Converter
+\family default
+ and/or
+\family sans
+Extra
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\noindent
-%Z time zone (e.g., EDT), or nothing if no time zone is determinable
-\end_layout
+flag
+\family default
+, and press the
+\family sans
+Modify
+\family default
+ button.
+ To create a new converter, select an existing one, select a different format
+ in the
+\family sans
+From
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Plain Text
+format
+\family default
+ drop-down list, modify the
+\family sans
+Converter
+\family default
+ field, and press the
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ button.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+When the
\family sans
-Output line length
+Converter File Cache
\family default
- sets maximum number of characters printed in one line when using the menu
+ is enabled, conversions will be cached as long as specified in the field
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-ASCII
+Maximum Age (in days
\family default
-.
- Setting the line line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless
- line.
+).
+ This means that images don't need to be converted again when you reopen
+ a document; the converted images from the cache will be used instead.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-roff command defines an additional command used to produce better ASCII
- tables with the
-\family typewriter
-groff/troff/nroff
-\family default
- UNIX-commands (refer to their manpages for more information about them).
- Setting this as empty tells LyX to use the internal formatter.
+More about converters, like the variables and flags that can be used in
+ the converter definition, is described in section
+\emph on
+Converters
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Section
+File Formats
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paths
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Converters
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:File-Formats"
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has a powerful mechanism to convert to and from any file format using
- external programs.
- Define a pair of formats, e.g.
-
-\family typewriter
-LaTeX
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-PDF
-\family default
-.
- Now define a converter from one format to the other.
- In our example, two possible mechanisms exist.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-A direct conversion, from LaTeX to PDF using pdflatex
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-A more convoluted route using intermediate formats and converters: LaTeX
- to DVI (using latex) to PostScript® (using dvips) to PDF (using ps2pdf).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX will always choose the shortest possible route, so you must specify
- two different Format names for
-\family typewriter
-.pdf
-\family default
- files to be able to use either.
- Both are included by default in the
+Here you find the list of defined file formats that LyX can handle.
+ You can modify the viewer and editor program that should be used for certain
+ formats.
+ To create a new format, select an existing one, change the entry of the
+ fields
\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog.
- Have a look and then invent your own!
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Moreover, each Format can have a Viewer associated with it.
- For example, you might want to use
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- to examine PostScript® files, or
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
+Format
\family default
- to preview the LaTeX output.
- You can alter the viewer to use (and what options to pass to it) via the
-
+ and
\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+GUI
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references:Converters
-\family default
- dialog.
- For example, to change the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- viewer, select the
-\family typewriter
-DVI
-\family default
- format in the dialog, change the viewer to be
-\family typewriter
-kdvi
+name
\family default
- (or whatever), and hit
+, and press the
\family sans
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-odify
+Add
\family default
-.
+ button.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-File Formats
+\begin_layout Standard
+More about formats, like the options that can be used in the format definition,
+ is described in section
+\emph on
+Formats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Copiers
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-BibTeX and makeindex
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Both the bibliography generating command (default
-\family typewriter
-bibtex
-\family default
-) and the index generating command (default
-\family typewriter
-makeindex
-\family default
- with options
-\family typewriter
--c
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
--q
-\family default
-) can be changed.
- As an alternative for
-\family typewriter
-makeindex
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-xindy
-\family default
- can be recommended.
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Copiers
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command to enter is
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Quote
-\family typewriter
-makeindex.sh -m $$lang
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-where the placeholder
-\family typewriter
-$$lang
-\family default
- will be replaced by the chosen document (babel) language.
- For this, you must
+Here you find the list of defined copiers.
+ Since all conversions from one format to another take place in LyX's temporary
+ directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it
+ to the temporary directory in order that the conversion may be performed.
+ This is done by a Copier.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-have installed the packages
-\family typewriter
-xindy
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-make-rules
-\family default
- (
-\family typewriter
-xindy-make-rules
-\family default
-).
- Type
-\family typewriter
-makeindex.sh
-\family default
- at a shell prompt for a help page.
+More about converters is described in section
+\emph on
+Copiers
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
Units available in LyX
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "Units"
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Units
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To understand the units described in this documentation,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Units-for-image"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Units"
\end_inset
sideways false
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Units-for-image"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Units"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
name/description
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
mm
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
millimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
cm
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
centimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
in
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
inch
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
pt
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-point (72.27\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt = 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+point (72.27
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
pc
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-pica (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pc = 12\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pica (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
pt)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
sp
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-scaled point (65536\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-sp = 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+scaled point (65536
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+sp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
pt)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
bp
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-big point (72\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-bp = 1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+big point (72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+bp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
dd
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-didot (72\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+didot (72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
dd
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
\end_inset
- 37.6\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+ 37.6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
cc
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-cicero (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-cc = 12\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cicero (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
dd)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Scale%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of original image width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
text%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of text width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
col%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of column width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
page%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of paper width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
line%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of line width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
theight%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of text height
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
pheight%
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
% of paper height
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
ex
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
height of letter
\emph on
x
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
em
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
width of letter
\emph on
M
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
mu
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-math unit (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mu = 1/18\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+math unit (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+mu = 1/18
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
em)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
Credits
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "cha:Credits"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
The LyX Team:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
key "lyxcredit"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+The bibliography on the following page was created with the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
label "Credits"
key "lyxcredit"
\end_inset
The LyX Team:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-href{http://www.lyx.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/lyx-devel/lib/CREDITS?rev=HE
-AD&content-type=text/plain}{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Credits"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyx-devel/trunk/lib/CREDITS"
\end_inset
-Credits
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-href
-\series default
- is explained in the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual.
- It creates a hyperlink.
+http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyx-devel/trunk/lib/CREDITS
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexcompanion"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexguide"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexbook"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "texbook"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "TeXCatalogue"
\end_inset
The TeX Catalogue:
-\newline
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/bytopic.html
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
key "LaTeXFAQ"
\end_inset
+The LaTeX FAQ:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "LaTeX FAQ"
-target "http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html"
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "floatflt"
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "makeindex"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://tug.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the program
+\family sans
+makeindex
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://tug.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex/doc/manpages.dvi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-href{ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/floatflt/floatflt.pdf}
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "xindy"
+
\end_inset
-Documentation
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the program
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "caption"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! caption
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "fancyhdr"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "nomencl"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! nomencl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "tipa"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! tipa
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "wrapfig"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty"
+
\end_inset
of the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-floatflt
+wrapfig
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "XeTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XeTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to use LyX with XeTeX:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XeTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Arabic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Arabic:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Armenian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Armenian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Farsi"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Farsi:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Hebrew"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Hebrew:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Japanese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Japanese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Vietnamese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ how to set up LyX for Vietnamese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "LyX-func"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LyxFunctionList"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with a list of all available LyX-functions:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LyxFunctionList
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "NewInLyX16"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX16"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ about new features in
+\family sans
+LyX 1.6.0
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX16
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+let
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+bibname
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+bibname}{
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+; 2}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bibname
\series default
+ is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.
+ It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following
+ bibliography is the second one:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand index
-name "LaTeX-packages ! floatflt"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
+LatexCommand bibtex
+bibfiles "biblio/LyXDocs"
+options "biblio/alphadin"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above bibliography is created from a BibTeX-database.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
-\begin_inset LatexCommand printindex
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
+LatexCommand printnomenclature
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
+LatexCommand printindex
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff