-#LyX 1.5.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 276
+#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 338
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrbook
\begin_preamble
% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
%
-% I've designed this preamble to ensure that the User's Guide prints
+% This preamble is designed to ensure that the User's Guide prints
% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
% parts of the User's Guide may not print out as expected. If you
% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
% the documentation team
% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
-% provides missing characters,
-% see note in chapter 'Character Tables'
-\usepackage{textcomp}
-\usepackage{wasysym}
-
\usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle
\ifpdf % if pdflatex is used
- % set fonts for nicer pdf view
- \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{%
- \usepackage[scaled=0.92]{helvet}
- \usepackage{mathptmx}
- \usepackage{courier} }
- % the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
- % and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
- \pagenumbering{roman}
- \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
- \renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
- \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{}
- \myTOC
- \clearpage
- \pagenumbering{arabic} }
- % link all cross references and URLs in pdf output
- \usepackage[colorlinks=true, bookmarks, bookmarksnumbered,
- linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,
- pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,
- pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels,
- pdfauthor={LyX Team}, pdftex,
- pdftitle={The LyX User's Guide},pdfsubject={LyX},
- pdfkeywords={LyX}]{hyperref}
-
-\else % if dvi or ps is produced
-
- % link all cross references and URLs in dvi output
- \usepackage[ps2pdf]{hyperref}
-
- % the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
- \pagenumbering{roman}
- \let\myTOC\tableofcontents
- \renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
- \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{}
- \myTOC
- \clearpage
- \pagenumbering{arabic} }
-
-\fi
+ % set fonts for nicer pdf view
+ \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
+
+\fi % end if pdflatex is used
+
+% for correct jump positions whe clicking on a link to a float
+\usepackage[figure]{hypcap}
+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
+% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
+\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \frontmatter
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
+ \myTOC
+ \mainmatter }
+
+% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
+\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
+ L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
+ {LyX }}
+
+% define a short command for \textvisiblespace
+\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
+
+% macro for italic page numbers in the index
+\newcommand{\IndexDef}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+
+% redefine the greyed out note
+\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
+ {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
\end_preamble
-\options bibtotoc,BCOR7mm
+\options intoc,bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7mm,tablecaptionabove
\language english
-\inputencoding latin1
+\inputencoding auto
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
+
\graphics default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_title "The LyX User's Guide"
+\pdf_author "LyX Team"
+\pdf_subject "LyX"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX"
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
+\pdf_bookmarksopen false
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder false
+\pdf_colorlinks true
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pagebackref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle false
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels,pdftex"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 0
+\use_amsmath 1
\use_esint 0
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
\paperorientation portrait
+\branch Question
+\selected 1
+\color #00ff00
+\end_branch
+\branch Answer
+\selected 0
+\color #aa55ff
+\end_branch
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
\output_changes false
\author ""
\author ""
-\author ""
-\author ""
-\author ""
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
tion mailing list:
-\family typewriter
-lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Version 1.6svn
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-To export this document as pdf, ps or dvi, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-hyperref
-\series default
- has to be installed.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The latest PDF-version of this document can be found here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-This package should be part of all popular LaTeX-distributions.
+
+\series bold
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand tableofcontents
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-Introduction
+Getting Started
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Getting Started
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Invoking LyX
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to other Linux [and other brands of Unix] programs, you start LyX
- by simply typing
-\family typewriter
-lyx
-\family default
- at the command line.
- You can, of course, include several command-line options, including file
- names.
- We're not going to repeat all of the command-line options here, since we've
- already done that in the
-\family typewriter
-man
-\family default
- page for LyX.
- Check there for more info.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are one or two things we'd like to comment on:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Please note that if you include more than one file name on the command line,
- LyX will load them all, though it won't display them all simultaneously.
- More on that in a bit.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
How LyX Looks
\end_layout
\emph on
minibuffer
\emph default
- (a term which we've swiped, lock, stock, and barrel, from GNU Emacs), which
- really means
+, which really means
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
next line.
Text overflows onto new pages in a vertical fashion, hence the need for
only a vertical scrollbar.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are three cases where you might want a horizontal scrollbar.
+ There are three cases where you might want a horizontal scrollbar.
The first case is large figures, displayed WYSIWYG\SpecialChar \@.
This, however, is due
to a flaw in the routine that displays graphics on the LyX screen in a
this doesn't work for equations yet.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-HELP!
+\begin_layout Standard
+For a brief description of all LyX menus and toolbar buttons, have a look
+ at Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:The-User-Interface"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Most of them are self-explanatory and you'll find them listed in the correspond
+ing sections of this documentation.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-First, the bad news: the help system is not as thorough as that in many
- commercial applications.
- Patience.
- We're working on it.
+\begin_layout Section
+HELP
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now the good news: the help system consists of the LyX manuals.
+The help system consists of the LyX manuals.
You can read
\emph on
all
of the manuals from inside LyX.
Just select the manual you want read from the
\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp
+Help
\family default
menu.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic LyX Setup
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-While we're at it, we'd like to make a comment about the manuals.
- They're not idiot-proof, not in the least.
- Here's what one of our authors,
-\noun on
-John Weiss
-\noun default
-, once said about manuals:
+There are several features of LyX that can be configured from inside LyX,
+ without resorting to configuration files.
+ First, LyX is able to inspect your system to see what programs, LaTeX document
+ classes and LaTeX packages are available.
+ It uses this knowledge to give reasonable defaults to several
+\family sans
+Preferences
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preferences
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-I hate manuals.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ settings.
+ Although this configuration has already been done when LyX was installed
+ on your system, you might have some items that you installed locally, e.g.
+ new LaTeX classes, and which are not seen by LyX.
+ To force LyX to re-inspect your system, you should use
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Reconfigure
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-Yes, we've all dealt with the terse, poorly-translated, or cryptic manuals.
- They are aggravating.
- I find, however, that the overly simplified ones are even more aggravating.
- First, they spend about half their time carefully explaining to the user
- how to operate a mouse, what a menu is, et cetera, ad nauseum.
- Please, if someone doesn't know how to use their own computer, or a GUI,
- then they should sit down and learn
-\emph on
-before
-\emph default
- they start up a major piece of software.
+\end_inset
+
+ You should then restart LyX to ensure that the changes are taken into account.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-Second, what information they do provide seems to assume that the user is
- stupid.
- Utter nonsense! Most users, in my experience, are some combination of clueless
- and intimidated, not stupid.
- Besides, if someone is truly slow on the uptake, they need help that a
- manual for a piece of computer software can't give.
+\begin_layout Section
+LaTeX Setup
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+LyX needs several LaTeX packages to work properly.
+ The packages found on the system by LyX are listed in the file
+\emph on
+LaT
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\emph on
-Editor's Note: With this in mind, I've instructed all of the other authors
- to avoid patronizing you, the reader, and to be more pedagogical than pedantic.
- As for those who are too lazy to read and understand the manuals --- well,
- as we say here in America, there's no such thing as a free lunch.
- - jw
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Configuration
+\emph default
+ that will be created when using the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The LyX Interface
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Configuration
+\family default
+.
+ You should install the required missing packages and then reconfigure LyX.
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The two braces in the TeX Code box prevent that the term
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is printed with sub- and superscript letters.
+ More about TeX Code is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the printout of proper names like LaTeX is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+How to work with LyX
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
Basic File Operations
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File Operations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Under the
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
+File
\family default
- menu are the 9 basic operations for any word processor in addition to some
- more advanced operations:
+ menu and in the standard toolbar are basic operations for any word processor
+ in addition to some more advanced operations:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-ew
+New
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-new.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-New\InsetSpace ~
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
from
\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
-T
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\bar default
-emplate
+Template
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
+Open
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/file-open.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-lose
+Close
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ave
+Save
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-write.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Save\InsetSpace ~
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-s
+As
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-evert
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+saved
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-rint
+Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Control
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-it
+Import
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Export
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Print
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 24bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Exit
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
a few minor differences.
The
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New\InsetSpace ~
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
from
\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
-T
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\bar default
-emplate
+Template
\family default
command not only prompts you for a name for the new file, but also prompts
you for a template to use.
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
- [see sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:doc-classes"
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
-]
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-evert
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+saved
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Control
\family default
- command is useful if more people work on the same document at the same
- time
+ are useful if more people work on the same document at the same time
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
If you plan to do this, you should check out the Version Control feature
in LyX also.
Read
\end_inset
.
- It will simply reload the document from disk.
- You can of course also use it if you regret that you changed a document
- and want to restore it to the last save.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The second matter of note concerns the commands
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Revert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-lose
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+saved
\family default
- and
+ will reload the document from disk.
+ You can of course also use it if you regret that you changed a document
+ and want to restore it to the last save.
+ With
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-it
+ Version
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Control
\family default
-.
- They both feature a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+you can there register the changes you made to a document so that others
+ can identify this as your changes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Editing Features
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Editing
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-nag box
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
+
\end_inset
- to save us all from our own stupidity.
- That is, if you try to close a file with changes [or exit LyX], you'll
- be informed that there are unsaved files.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Basic Editing Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
As you might expect, the
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit
+Edit
\family default
- menu has the cut and paste commands, along with various other editing features.
+ menu and the standard toolbar has the cut and paste commands, along with
+ various other editing features.
Some of these are special and covered in later sections.
The basic ones are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Cut
+Cut
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Copy
+Copy
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Paste
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Recent
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Special
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
Cut
\family default
command.
- Also, if you've selected text, be careful.
- If you hit a key, LyX will completely delete the selected text and replace
- it with what you just typed.
+ Also, if you've selected text, be careful: If you hit a key, LyX will completel
+y delete the selected text and replace it with what you just typed.
You'll have to do an
\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Undo
\family default
to get back the lost text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paste
+\end_layout
-\family default
- item opens the
-\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
-\family default
- dialog.
- The text you want to find goes in the
-\family sans
-Fi
-\bar under
-n
-\bar default
-d
-\family default
- box.
- Once you've found a word or expression, LyX selects it.
- Hitting the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eplace
-\family default
- button replaces the selected text with the contents of the
+\end_inset
+
+You can also copy text between LyX and other programs by cut, copy and paste.
+ The submenu of
\family sans
-Replace\InsetSpace ~
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-w
-\bar default
-ith
+Recent
\family default
- box.
- You can click to search again to skip the current word.
+ shows you a list with the last strings you have pasted.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Hit
+The menu
\family sans
-Replace
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Special\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Text, Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lines
\family default
-
+ will insert the text in the clipboard so that the whole text is inserted
+ as
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ paragraph.
+ A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file.
+ Without
\family sans
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-ll
+Join
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Lines
\family default
- to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.
+, the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text
+ will start a new paragraph.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Ca
-\bar under
-s
-\bar default
-e\InsetSpace ~
-sensitive
-\family default
- toggle button can be used if you want the search to consider the case of
- the search word.
- If the toggle is set, searching for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-Match
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Replace
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- will not match the word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-match
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Find
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-atch\InsetSpace ~
-Word
-\family default
- toggle button can be used to force LyX to only find complete words.
- I.e., searching for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-match
+Replace
+\family default
+ item opens the
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Once you've found a word or expression, LyX selects it.
+ Hitting the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\family default
+ button replaces the selected text with the contents of the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+with
+\family default
+ field.
+ You can click the
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Next
+\family default
+ button to skip the current word.
+ Hit
+\family sans
+Replace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+All
+\family default
+ to replace all occurrences of the text in the document automatically.
+ The
+\family sans
+Case
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sensitive
+\family default
+ option can be used if you want the search to consider the case of the search
+ word.
+ If the toggle is set, searching for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Test
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- will not match
+ will not match the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-matches
+test
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-,
+.
+ The
+\family sans
+Match whole words only
+\family default
+ option can be used to force LyX to only find complete words.
+ I.e., searching for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-matchbox
+star
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, etc.
+ will not match
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+starlet
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
+\begin_layout Standard
+Things like notes, floats, etc., the so called insets can be dissolved.
+ This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal
+ text.
+ Dissolving an inset is done by setting the cursor to the beginning of an
+ inset and pressing
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ or by setting the cursor to the end and pressing
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
Undo and Redo
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Redo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Undo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
LyX has a large-capacity undo/redo buffer.
Select
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
to undo some mistake.
- If you accidently undo too much, use
+ If you accidentally undo too much, use
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Redo
\family default
+ ot the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100 steps to minimise memory
- overhead.
-
+ The undo mechanism is currently limited to 100
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+steps to minimize memory overhead.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
status of the document is unfortunately not reset.
- This is a consequence of the 100 step undo limit, above.
+ This is a consequence of the 100
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+step undo limit, above.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Undo
\family default
and
\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
+Redo
\family default
work on almost everything in LyX.
- They have some quirks, too.
- They won't
-\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
-\family default
- text character by character, but by blocks of text.
- That can take some getting used to; you'll have to play with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
-\family default
- to get a feel for just how much they'll undo/redo, and after time, you'll
- hopefully appreciate how it works.
+ But they won't undo or redo text character by character, but by blocks
+ of text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Basic Mouse Bindings
+\begin_layout Section
+Mouse Operations
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Mouse Operations
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We're not going to go into all of the mouse bindings here.
- Some of the other sections of this manual cover specific operations you
- can do with the mouse.
- Instead, we're going to cover the most basic mouse operations.
+This are the most basic mouse operations.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
LyX marks the text between the old and new mouse positions.
Use
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Copy
\family default
- to create a copy of the text in LyX's buffer.
+ to create a copy of the text in LyX's buffer (and the clipboard).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Re-position the cursor and then paste the text back into LyX using
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Paste
\family default
.
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Footnotes, Margin Notes, Figure and Table Floats, etc.
+Insets (Footnotes, Notes, Floats, etc.)
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
Single click
\emph default
the left mouse button to open or close any of these.
+ Right-click on them to set its properties.
Also check the appropriate section of this manual for more details.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Basic Key Bindings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec: key bindings"
+\begin_layout Section
+Navigating
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Navigating"
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Navigating
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Again, we're not going to cover all of the keybindings.
- Be aware that there are at least two different primary binding maps: CUA
- and Emacs.
- I guarantee you will cuss when you press Control-d to delete a character,
- and it starts up a DVI previewer instead (or vice versa).
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Some keys, like
-\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-Up
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-Down
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Left
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Right
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
-, and
+LyX offers you two ways to navigate in documents:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The menu
\family sans
-Down
+Navigate
\family default
-, do exactly what you expect them to do.
- Other keys don't:
+ lists all sections of the document as submenu entries that you can click
+ to jump to the corresponding document part.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The menu
\family sans
-Tab
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
\family default
- There is no such thing as a tab stop in LyX.
- If you don't understand this, go read Sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parindentintro"
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:par-environments"
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The outline window shows you the content of the document's table of contents
+ (TOC) that is described in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-, especially Section\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parenvlists"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-of-Contents"
\end_inset
-, right now.
- Yes, right now.
- If you're still confused, look in the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
.
-\end_layout
+ You can click there on entries to jump to the corresponding document part.
+ In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
+ different lists of document objects, like the list of footnotes.
+ Some of them, the list of tables, figures, and algorithms can also be added
+ to the document, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Esc
-\family default
- This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the buttons
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-cancel key.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/down.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
\end_inset
- It's used, generically, to cancel operations.
- Other parts of the manual will go into greater detail about this.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length -3mm
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Home
-\family default
-\InsetSpace ~
-and\InsetSpace ~
+ and
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/up.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length -3mm
+\end_inset
+
+ at the bottom of the outline window you can change the position of sections
+ in your document.
+ So you can for example move section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 before section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4.
+ LyX will then automatically renumber the sections to the new order.
+ With the buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/promote.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/demote.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you can change the sectioning level of sections.
+ So you can for example make section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.5 chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3 or subsection
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.4.1.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Key Bindings
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Key-Bindings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Key Bindings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are at least two different primary binding maps: CUA and Emacs.
+ LyX's default is CUA.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some keys, like
\family sans
-End
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Up
\family default
- These move the cursor, respectively, to the beginning and end of a line,
- unless you are using the Emacs bindings where they jump to the beginning
- or end of the file.
+,
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Down
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Left
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Right
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+, do exactly what you expect them to do.
+ Other keys don't:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
-\InsetSpace ~
-and\InsetSpace ~
+Tab
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Tab"
+description "Tabulator key"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Delete
\family default
-
+ There is no such thing as a tab stop in LyX.
+ If you don't understand this, go read sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, especially section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, right now.
+ Yes, right now.
+ If you're still confused, look in the
\emph on
-If
+Tutorial
\emph default
- you have your keyboard set up correctly under the X Windows System,
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-Backspace
+Esc
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "Esc"
+description "Escape key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- works as expected and
+ This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cancel key.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ It's used, generically, to cancel operations.
+ Other parts of the manual will go into greater detail about this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-Delete
+Home
\family default
- deletes the character under the cursor [if no text is selected].
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you haven't set up your keyboard under X, or have no idea what we mean
- by that, go read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:x-win-keys"
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- immediately.
- You'll save yourself a lot of headaches.
+
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+ These move the cursor, respectively, to the beginning and end of a line,
+ unless you are using the Emacs bindings where they jump to the beginning
+ or end of the file.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Then there are the modifier keys:
+There are three modifier keys:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Control-
+Control
+\family default
+ (Denoted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+C
\family default
- This has a couple of different uses, depending on which keys it's used
- in combination with:
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "C"
+description "Control key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the documentation files) This has a couple of different uses, depending
+ on which keys it's used in combination with:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Shift-
+Shift
+\family default
+ (Denoted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+S
\family default
- Use this with any of the motion keys to select the text between the old
- and new cursor positions.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "S"
+description "Shift key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the documentation files) Use this with any of the motion keys to select
+ the text between the old and new cursor positions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-Meta-
+Meta
\family default
- This is the Alt key on many keyboards, unless your keyboard has a distinct
- Meta key.
- Unfortunately, X sometimes has their functionality swapped, so if you have
- both keys, you will need to do a little trial and error to find out which
- one actually performs the
+ (Denoted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "M"
+description "Meta or Alt key"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the documentation files) This is the Alt key on many keyboards, unless
+ your keyboard has a distinct Meta key.
+ If you have both keys, you will need to try out which one actually performs
+ the
\family sans
Meta-
\family default
\family sans
-M-e\InsetSpace ~
+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+e
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
s
\family default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- brings up the
+
+\family sans
+brings
+\family default
+ up the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
-M-f
+M
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+f
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
opens the
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
+File
\family default
menu.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Hopefully, you'll learn more and more keybindings and short-cut keys as
- you use LyX, because most mouse actions will prompt a small message in
- the minibuffer which describe the name of the action, you've just triggered,
- and any existing keybindings for that action.
+You'll learn more and more keybindings and short-cut keys as you use LyX,
+ because most actions will prompt a small message in the status bar at the
+ bottom of LyX's main window which describe the name of the action, you've
+ just triggered, and any existing keybindings for that action.
+ The LyX menus also list the defined keybindings.
The notation for the keybindings is very similar to the notation used in
this documentation, so you should not have any problems understanding it.
However, notice that Shift-modifiers are explicitly mentioned, so
\family sans
-S-C-S
+S-C-s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Using LyX with Other Programs
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Importing plain text files
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-You can import text from an plain text file using the
+You can list or change the keybindings in the LyX preferences under
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-scii\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-lines
+Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Shortcuts
\family default
- or
+.
+ The preferences are opened with the menu
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-scii\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-paragraphs
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
\family default
- options.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Chapter
+LyX Basics
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-scii\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as_lines
-\family default
- puts each line of the file into its own LyX paragraph.
- This is useful if you're importing a text file with a simple list in it.
- However, if your text file contains paragraphs in it, LyX will mangle the
- paragraphs if you use this form of import.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Basics
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-scii\InsetSpace ~
-text\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-paragraphs
-\family default
- preserves paragraphs in text files.
- Often in a text file, you didn't put the contents of an entire paragraph
- on one line.
- You used
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- to break up the paragraph into separate lines.
- Using the
-\family sans
-as\InsetSpace ~
-paragraphs
-\family default
-, LyX won't mangle such paragraphs.
- Anything between two consecutive blank lines goes into its own LyX paragraph.
- Remember: you must make sure there is a
-\emph on
-completely blank
-\emph default
- line between each and every paragraph in your text file.
- If not, LyX might end up merging two paragraphs.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cut and Paste Between LyX and Other X Programs
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Document Types
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Cut
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Copy
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Paste
-\family default
- operations will transfer text to and from LyX.
- You can copy text from LyX to another window in this way: Select the text
- that you want to copy, then go to the destination window and paste the
- text with the middle mouse button.
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Types
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Pasting text into LyX also works much the same way as in X.
- Select the text with the mouse in another X window.
- Go to the Lyx window and paste the text with the middle mouse button.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Chapter
-LyX Setup and Supporting Applications
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
+\begin_layout Subsection
Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you're using LyX on a system someone else has set up for you, then you
- can safely skip this chapter.
- It describes all of the things you need beyond the LyX binary and files
- distributed with it.
+Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
+ need to decide what type of document you want to edit.
+ Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,
+ numbering schemes, and so on.
+ Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,
+ and format the title of your document differently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you're installing LyX on your system,
+A
\emph on
-you should read the README's that came with the LyX distribution and then
+document class
\emph default
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.
+ By setting the document class, you automatically select these properties,
+ making it easier to create the type of document you want.
+ If you don't choose a document class, LyX picks one for you by default.
+ So, it behooves you to change the class of your document.
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX\InsetSpace ~
-Configuration
-\family default
-\emph on
-.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from LyX, and
+ how to adjust their properties.
+\end_layout
-\emph default
- Do that first.
- This chapter does not describe installation or setup of the LyX binary
- [Well, not everything\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-].
- It does describe all of the things you'll need to use LyX to its fullest.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Classes
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is basically where we decided to document a bunch of info about running
- LyX, including what other programs you'll need to make LyX useful.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Classes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Basic LyX Setup
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:setup"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways to run LyX.
- The first way is to install LyX and all of its support files on your system.
- Of course, you need root (administrator) privileges to do that.
- The second way to run LyX doesn't require root access, letting you
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-install
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- LyX somewhere in your own account.
- LyX will automatically detect where it is as long as the supporting directories
- are put in the correct places.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are several features of LyX that can be configured from inside LyX,
- without resorting to configuration files.
- First, LyX is able to inspect your system to see what programs, LaTeX document
- classes and LaTeX packages are available.
- It uses this knowledge to give reasonable defaults to several
-\family typewriter
-preferences
-\family default
- variables.
- Although this configuration has already been done when LyX was installed
- on your system, you might have some items that you installed locally and
- which are not seen by LyX.
- To force LyX to re-inspect your system, you should use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-econfigure
-\family default
-.
- You should then restart LyX to ensure that the changes are taken into account.
- As far as LaTeX classes and packages are concerned, you will find information
- about what has been found under
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX\InsetSpace ~
-Configuration
-\family default
-.
+There are four standard document classes in LyX.
+ They are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The second set of settings that you might want to change comprises all the
- document-level setting that you can change via the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Description
+Article for basic articles
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- To do this, open a scrap document, set all these options according to your
- taste and save them with the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ave\InsetSpace ~
-as\InsetSpace ~
-Document\InsetSpace ~
-Defaults
-\family default
- button in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument
-\family default
- dialog.
- This will create a template named
-\family typewriter
-default.lyx
-\family default
- which is automatically loaded by LyX when you open a document without template
- such that the settings are automatically set-up as you defined them.
+\begin_layout Description
+Report for basic reports
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are many other user-configurable options that you can feed to LyX.
- Upon startup, LyX reads a global options file called
-\family typewriter
-lyxrc.defaults
-\family default
-.
- It will then attempt to read a file called
-\family typewriter
-preferences
-\family default
+\begin_layout Description
+Book for writing a book
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+Letter for US-style letters
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family typewriter
-preferences
-\family default
- file is found in different directories on different systems.
- This directory is called LyX's
+There are also some non-standard classes, which LyX only uses if you have
+ installed them.
+ Here are some of the classes, the full list with detailed explanations
+ can be found in chapter
\emph on
-user directory
+Special Document Classes
\emph default
-.
- To find out where it is, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-About Ly
-\bar under
-X
-\family default
-\bar default
-.
- (You may set up an alternative user directory from the command line, using
- the switch
-\family typewriter
--userdir
-\family default
-.)
+ in the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+A&A Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysics
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+AAST
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
\family default
- dialog can be used to change these options; the document
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- contains more information about the preferences dialog and these configuration
- files.
+eX For submissions to the journals published by the American Astronomical
+ Society
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Setting Up the X Keyboard [obsolescent]
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:x-win-keys"
-
+\begin_layout Description
+AMS Layouts for articles and books in the style and format used by the American
+ Mathematical Society (AMS).
+ There are three article layouts available.
+ The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems etc., that
+ prepends the section number to the number of the result.
+ All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced
+ together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+sequential numbering
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers
+ them throughout the article in a single sequence.
+ Each type of result gets its own sequence.
+ There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To use LyX properly, X
-\emph on
-must
-\emph default
- be set up correctly.
- This is especially vital if you're using the international support features
- of LyX and want to use non-English keyboard mappings.
- On modern distributions, this likely has been taken care of, but if not,
- you must do this yourself.
- Administrators of large systems often neglect this, so don't assume that
- you're safe if you're using a large system.
- Also ordinary users can instruct X how to use his or her keyboard.
+\begin_layout Description
+Beamer Layout for presentations
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-xmodmap and xkeycaps
+\begin_layout Description
+broadway Layout for writing plays.
+ It is not an existing LaTeX document class, but a new one which is distributed
+ with LyX.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-First of all read the man pages for these two programs.
- They are your best friends when you are trying to set up X key mapping
- correctly.
- If you don't have them, install them.
+\begin_layout Description
+curiculum
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+vitae classes to create curriculum vitae
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-xmodmap
+\begin_layout Description
+Dinbrief Letters in format of the DIN (German industry norm)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This document contains no information on how to use
-\family typewriter
-xmodmap
-\family default
-.
- There is a sample
-\family typewriter
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
- file in
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
-.
- To load the new X keyboard mappings, place the command
-\family typewriter
-xmodmap\InsetSpace ~
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
- somewhere in your startup scripts [e.g.
-
-\family typewriter
-.cshrc
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-.profile
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-.login
-\family default
- or
+\begin_layout Description
+dtk Layout for
\family typewriter
-.xinitrc
+Die TeXnische Komödie
\family default
- are possible].
+, the journal of the German TeX user Group (Dante)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-xkeycaps
+\begin_layout Description
+Elsevier Layout for journals of the Elsevier publishing group
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This program brings up a graphical version of your keyboard, allows you
- to make modifications, and then spits those modifications out to the standard
- output in a form readable by
-\family typewriter
-xmodmap
-\family default
-.
- It is very useful when you're trying to design a new
-\family typewriter
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
- file, though it will require you to do a bit of cut-and-pasting.
+\begin_layout Description
+Foils Used to make transparencies
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Modifiers and Mode_switch
+\begin_layout Description
+g-brief Letters in format of the DIN (German industry norm)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports three modifiers: Shift [
-\family sans
-S-
-\family default
-], Control [
-\family sans
-C-
-\family default
-], and Meta [
-\family sans
-M-
-\family default
-].
- Moreover, if one of the keys of your keyboard is configured as a
-\family sans
-Compose
-\family default
- key, then you can use it to enter some characters not available on your
- keyboard.
- This compose key can be used either as a modifier (like
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Control
-\family default
-) or as a prefix key.
- Here are some examples of what you can do with a
-\family sans
-Compose
-\family default
- key:
+\begin_layout Description
+hollywood Used to type spec scripts for the US film industry.
+ It is not an existing LaTeX document class, but a new one which is distributed
+ with LyX.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Compose+e+'
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
-\end_inset
-
- é
+\begin_layout Description
+IEEEtran Layout for the journals published by the Institute of Electrical
+ and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+IOP Layout for journals of the Institute of Physics publishing group
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Compose+O+R
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+Kluwer Layout for journals of the Kluwer publishing group
+\end_layout
- ®
+\begin_layout Description
+koma-script a replacement for the standard classes, offers many useful features
+ like caption formatting, automatic print space calculation etc.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+Memoir another replacement for the standard classes
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Compose+1+2
+\begin_layout Description
+paper Used with the
+\family typewriter
+paper
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
-\end_inset
+ LaTeX document class
+\end_layout
- ½
+\begin_layout Description
+Powerdot Layout for presentations
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+REVTe
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Compose+<+<
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightarrow$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- «
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This input method is particularly handy when you use accented characters
- only from time to time.
- It works by default for latin1 characters, but other input methods will
- be used if you setup your locale correctly.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Helpful Hints and Tips
+X is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
+ Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
+ of America (OSA).
+ This class is not completely compatible with all LyX features.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-First, open up two xterminals.
- Use one to edit a new
-\family typewriter
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
- file and run
-\family typewriter
-xkeycaps
-\family default
- from the other.
- Using
-\family typewriter
-xkeycaps
-\family default
-, remap your keyboard the way you want it.
- There's a button in
-\family typewriter
-xkeycaps
-\family default
- to output the new keymap.
- Once you hit it,
-\family typewriter
-xkeycaps
-\family default
- will spit a bunch of stuff on the xterm you executed it from.
- Just copy and paste all of that into your
-\family typewriter
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
- file, and you're done.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You could also save yourself some typing by executing
-\family typewriter
-xkeycaps > .Xmodmap
-\family default
-.
- This will create a usable map file.
+\begin_layout Description
+Slides Used to make transparencies
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+SPIE
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Proceedings Layout for the journals published by The International Society
+ for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Springer Layouts for journals of the Springer publishing group
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Also, there are some things you can do to help you get oriented.
- Try executing the command
-\family typewriter
-xmodmap -v -pm
-\family default
-.
- This will show you all of the currently active modifiers.
- Also try
-\family typewriter
-xmodmap -v -pke | more
-\family default
- to see which keycode numbers are mapped to which symbolic names.
- It will also give you some idea of the syntax of the
+\begin_layout Description
+TUGboat Layout for
\family typewriter
-.Xmodmap
+TUGboat
\family default
- file.
+, the journal of the international TeX user Group (TUG)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There's one thing you'll need to check.
- Make sure that your
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BackSpace
-\family default
- keys are
+We won't go into any detail about how to use these different document classes
+ here.
+ You can find all the details about the non-standard classes in the
\emph on
-not
+Extended Editing
\emph default
- defined as the same key symbol by X! Note that giving these two keys unique
- symbol names will not necessarily alter the behavior of your programs.
- Some programs bind
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BackSpace
-\family default
- to the same operation.
- Emacs is one.
- Other programs, however, use
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BackSpace
-\family default
- for different operations.
- LyX is one of these programs, and if you have
-\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-BackSpace
-\family default
- labeled with the same key symbol name, you'll have trouble using LyX.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-LaTeX
+ manual.
+ Here, we will settle with a list of some of the common properties of all
+ of the document classes.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to do more with LyX than simply create documents and spit out
-
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
- files, you'll need LaTeX.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Selecting a Class
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In case you were wondering, LaTeX is a markup language front end for TeX,
- a document preparation system invented in 1984 by Donald Knuth.
-\begin_inset Foot
+You can select a class using the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-A note about pronunciation: TeX originated from the Greek letters,
-\begin_inset Formula $\tau\epsilon\chi$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
-, which rhymes with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-blech.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- That's how you pronounce
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
+ you may need.
+\end_layout
-TeX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Modules"
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LaTeX.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+Modules
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- [If you're American, just pronounce the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Layout Modules
+\end_layout
-X
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-k
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since LyX 1.6, layout modules can be used to add additional features to a
+ document without the user's having to include those features in a new layout
+ file.
+ The available modules are listed in the Available Modules pane of the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- and you've got it.]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
- TeX takes a set of commands in an ASCII file and converts it to a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-device-independent
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Highlighting one of them will bring up a description of the module.
+ Please note that some modules require LaTeX packages that are not always
+ installed by default.
+ LyX will warn you if you do not have the needed package.
+ Note also that some modules require other modules, and some pairs of modules
+ are incompatible.
+\end_layout
- format, or Dvi, for short.
- The Dvi file can then be sent to printers.
- TeX is programmable, and LaTeX is nothing but a [really huge] set of TeX
- macros.
- LaTeX will typically come as part of a TeX distribution, so all you need
- is a TeX package.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Properties
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that on some old systems you may find that only LaTeX 2.09 is installed
- (as opposed to the more current LaTeX2e).
- LyX cannot be used with LaTeX 2.09.
+Each class has a default set of options.
+ Here's a quick table describing them:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you're using Linux, LaTeX2e should have come with your distribution.
- For other systems, you might need to install LaTeX yourself.You can obtain
- a LaTeX distribution (and anything and everything related to TeX and LaTeX)
- from a Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) mirror.
- A complete list of mirrors may be found at
-\newline
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-target "http://www.ctan.org"
-
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ctan"
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="5">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Dvips and Ghostscript
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
-What You Need
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's one more step you need to take if you want to print your LyX documents.
- Obviously, you'll need to make sure your printer is configured [see next
- section].
- You'll also need to install these programs (or compatibles), if you don't
- have them already:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family typewriter
-dvips
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Pagestyle
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Sides
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-The latter two programs are previewer for files in Dvi and PostScript®
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-PostScript® is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, and
- is the main page description language in the UN*X world.
-
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Columns
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- format.
- If you don't know what a DVI file is, you've probably also never worked
- with LaTeX and should read the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- document before proceeding further.
-
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- converts DVI files into PostScript, which is the format most printers use
- nowadays.
- For those of you using dot-matrix and inkjet printers, you'll want to filter
- the PostScript through
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
-, which is capable of creating output for a variety of printers.
- The following section on printer setup describes how to do this automatically
- every time you print.
- For now, we'll concentrate on
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Dvips
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:dvipsconfig"
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Max.
+ sectioning level
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+article
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Whether you'll be running LyX on a large system or a Linux box at home,
- you should configure
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- will either
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-print
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- into a file, or send output directly to the printer, depending on how it's
- configured.
- If it is set up to print to a file, and if no filename is specified, it
- will simply turn
-\family typewriter
-foo.dvi
-\family default
- into
-\family typewriter
-foo.ps
-\family default
-.
- Most systems have
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- set up to send output to the default printer.
- For LyX, you'll want the flexibility to do both.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you are not in a mood to configure
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- to adapt its output to your printer, you can safely skip this section.
- Be warned however that the output will not match the quality that you could
- expect from your printer.
- At least, it will print.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you are using teTeX (a TeX distribution which is particularly popular
- on Linux), you should run the program
-\family typewriter
-texconfig
-\family default
-.
- To make the name of a new printer recognized by
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- you should then select menu entry
-\family sans
-Dvips
-\family default
-, then add.
- Enter the required parameters and, before exiting, remember to select the
- function
\family sans
-Rehash
-\family default
-.
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Let's turn now to manual configuration: in order to inform
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- how to automagically convert a
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file into a
-\family typewriter
-.ps
-\family default
- file adapted to printer
-\family typewriter
-foo
-\family default
-, you need to have a config-file,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-config.foo
-\family default
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
- lying around somewhere.
- Typically, the
-\family typewriter
-config.*
-\family default
- files for
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- will be in
-\family typewriter
-/usr/lib/texmf/dvips
-\family default
- in most TeX distributions.
- Your system will probably be different, of course, so just look under the
- main TeX directory for a subdirectory called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- It'll be there somewhere.
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Typically, there will be at least one config-file:
-\family typewriter
-config.ps
-\family default
-.
- This file is the default configuration file, which is
-\emph on
-always
-\emph default
- read by dvips
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-In particular, this file is not necessarily connected to the existence of
- a file named
-\family typewriter
-ps
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Section
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- Read this file and see what options could need to be changed for your particula
-r printer.
- Then create a file
-\family typewriter
-config.foo
-\family default
- containing only the relevant lines.
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+report
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's at least one thing you need to do to the config-file.
- There may exist a line that looks like,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-o | lpr
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
+\end_layout
- [without the quotes, of course\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-].
- Change it to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-o | lpr -Pfoo
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
-, so that the output is sent by default to printer
-\family typewriter
-foo
-\family default
-.
- However, you should probably investigate the entries
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-M
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
+\end_layout
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-D
-\family default
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Chapter
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, which define respectively the Metafont mode and the resolution of the
- printer.
- If you do not know what a Metafont mode is, you can see it as a printer
- driver: it adapts the design of TeX fonts to ensure that they give the
- best possible result on your printer.
- Be warned however that, if you define different Metafont modes for different
- printers,
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- will generate several copies of your TeX fonts on disk, and these take
- valuable space.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+book
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once you are satisfied that your printers are correctly configured, you
- should tell LyX to make use of this configuration.
- To do this, you should launch the
-\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog (
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
-), select the
-\family sans
-Printer
-\family default
- tab, and set the entries
-\family sans
-Adapt\InsetSpace ~
-output
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Spool\InsetSpace ~
-command
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use as many configuration files as you like, one for each of your
- printers.
- The default printer for LyX can be specified from the
\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
- dialog or with the
-\family typewriter
-PRINTER
-\family default
- environment variable.
- You can also choose the desired printer from inside LyX, as described in
- a later section.
- Once you've done all that, you can print to either a PostScript printer
- or file from LyX.
-
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Headings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If your printer doesn't understand PostScript®, you'll need to use
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
- as a filter for your print spooler.
- That's covered in numerous HOWTO's and manuals.
- We also have a section that covers a little bit of this.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some people don't seem to like using the
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- plus
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
- combination.
- As alternative, you can use a program that converts the DVI file directly
- into your printer language.
- You can specify this program in the
\family sans
-Preferences
-\family default
- dialog, too.
- There is a major disadvantage to this method.
- You can't include any PostScript files, such as graphics, in your documents,
- since the printer-specific conversion programs don't understand PostScript®.
- For that reason, the LyX team highly recommends using
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
- for printing.
-
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Two
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ghostscript, Xdvi and Ghostview
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-Xdvi
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- are viewers.
- The former handles
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- files, while the later interfaces with
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
- to allow you to view PostScript files.
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A quick note on both of these programs.
- Both automatically update themselves if the viewed file
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-That means the
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-.ps
-\family default
- file, not the files used to make these.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Chapter
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- changes.
- You can also force an update.
- So, once you've opened one of these two viewers, there's no reason to close
- it.
- Also, both programs are functionally the same, providing all of the same
- features.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The LyX team recommends using
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- for fine tuning documents.
- Why? It's faster; there's one less layer of processing you need to do before
- you can view the changes.
- Here's an example:
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+letter
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- to preview a document from LyX, and leave it running.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Make changes to the document using LyX.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-To view those changes, just choose
\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Plain
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-.
- When LaTeX's all done, click on the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- window, and voilà!
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- will update itself.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now, this doesn't mean
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- is useless.
-
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- is better suited to those occasions where you
-\emph on
-must
-\emph default
- view the PostScript version of the document.
- For repeated changes that aren't PostScript® dependent, you're better off
- previewing with
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
-.
- There is an alternative to
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- which sports a much better interface:
-\family typewriter
-gv
-\family default
-.
- LyX will automatically use it instead of
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- if it is available.
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-The Printer
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+\series medium
+\shape up
\size normal
-Anyone working on a large system shouldn't have any problems here.
- Your sysadmin [or you, if you are the sysadmin] should already have the
- printers set up for your system.
- All you need to do is find out the name of the printer you want to use,
- and configure you
-\size default
-r setup
-\size normal
-as described in the last section.
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+One
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\size normal
-Those of you using Linux, however, may have a bit more work to do.
- Many people now install Linux from an ISO image of one of the popular distribut
-ions.
- They follow the install instructions, get Linux up and running, but never
- realize that they need to set up their printer.
-
-\size default
-The more desktop friendly distributions may do this for you automatically.
- However, if you find that you need to do this by hand, we've written a
- little something to help you out with that; check out the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\emph on
-A Printer Tutorial
-\emph default
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+none
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
- chapter in the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for help.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Chapter
-LyX Basics
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Document Types
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
- need to decide what
-\emph on
-type
-\emph default
- of document you want to edit.
- Different types of documents use different types of spacing, headings,
- numbering schemes, and so on.
- Additionally, different documents use different paragraph environments,
- and format the title of your document differently.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\emph on
-document class
-\emph default
- describes a group of properties common to a particular set of documents.
- By setting the document class, you automagically select these properties,
- making it easier to create the type of document you want.
- If you don't choose a document class, LyX picks one for you by default.
- So, it behooves you to change the class of your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from LyX, and
- how to fine-tune some of their properties.
-\end_layout
+You're probably also wondering what
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:doc-classes"
+Max.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+sectioning level
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-The Various Document Classes
-\end_layout
+ means.
+ There are several paragraph environments used to create section headings.
+ Different document classes allow different types of section headings.
+ Only two use the
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+ heading.
+ Some document classes, such as the ones for letters, don't use any section
+ headings.
+ In addition to
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+ headings, there are also
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\family default
+ headings,
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+ headings, and so on.
+ We'll describe these headings fully in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are five standard document classes in LyX.
- They are:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Headings"
-\begin_layout Description
-Article for basic articles
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-Report for basic reports
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Book for writing a book
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-Letter for US-style letters
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Slides is used to make transparencies
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are also some non-standard classes, which LyX only uses if you have
- a LaTeX setup that supports them:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Aapaper Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysic
-s
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Document-Layout"
-\begin_layout Description
-Amsart Journal articles in the style and format used by the AMS [American
- Mathematical Society].
- There are three amsart layouts available.
- The standard one uses a typical numbering scheme for theorems,
-\emph on
-etc.
-\emph default
-, that prepends the section number to the number of the result.
- All result-type statements (propositions, corollaries, and so on) are sequenced
- together, but definitions, examples, and the like have their own sequence.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sequential numbering
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- scheme does not place the section number with each result, but numbers
- them throughout the article in a single sequence.
- Each type of result gets its own sequence.
- There is also a layout that dispenses with numbering of statements altogether.
-\end_layout
+\family sans
-\begin_layout Description
-Amsbook Books in the style and format used by the AMS.
- Only the standard numbering scheme is provided, under the assumption that
- you would not want to number results consecutively throughout a book, and
- that you would need to number results.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Dinbrief für Briefe nach deutscher Art
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Foils is used to make transparencies, but is better than
+\begin_layout Standard
+The most important properties of documents classes are set in the menu
\family sans
-slides
-\end_layout
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+ There in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field under
+\family sans
+Documents
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-Paper for use with the
-\family typewriter
-paper
+classes
\family default
- LaTeX document class [not in all LaTeX distributions]
+, you can enter special options for your document class in a comma-separated
+ list.
+ This is only necessary if LyX doesn't support special options you want
+ to use for your document.
+ To learn more about your favorite LaTeX-class and its options, you have
+ to read its manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Revtex is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
- Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
- of America (OSA).
- This class is not completely compatible with all LyX features.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Under
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Layout
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Pagestyle
+\family default
+ controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page.
+ You can choose between the following five options:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We won't go into any detail about how to use these different document classes
- here.
- You can find all the details about the non-standard classes in the
-\emph on
-Extended Editing
-\emph default
- manual.
- Here, we will settle with a list of some of the common properties of all
- of the document classes.
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ Use default pagestyle of current class.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Selecting a Class
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Empty
+\family default
+ No page numbers or headings.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can select a class using the
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Plain
\family default
- dialog.
- Select the class you want to use, and make any fine tunings of the options
- you may need.
+ Page numbers only.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Properties
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Headings
+\family default
+ Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.
+ Whether LyX uses the current chapter or the current section depends on
+ the maximum sectioning level of the class.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Each class has a default set of options.
- Here's a quick table describing them:
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Fancy
+\family default
+ This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
+ have the
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
+ package installed.
+ At the moment, support in LyX is limited to this setting.
+ To use the full power of this package, you have to add code to your document
+ preamble.
+ Check the documentation for the
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+ package for more details,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "fancyhdr"
+
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="5">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+The
+\family sans
+Separation
+\family default
+ of paragraphs is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Par-indent-intro"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Pagestyle
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paper Size and Orientation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Paper size
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Sides
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Columns
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You'll find the following options in the menu
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Layout
+\family default
+ of the dialog of the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ menu:
+\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Max.
- sectioning level
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-article
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
+Papersize
+\family default
+ What size paper to print on.
+ The choices are
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+A3, A4,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+A5
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+B3, B4, B5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+US letter
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+US legal
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Section
+US executive
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-report
+\family sans
+Custom
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
+Orientation
+\family default
+ Two toggle buttons choose whether to print the output as
+\family sans
+Landscape
+\family default
+ or as
+\family sans
+Portrait
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Two-sided
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+document
+\family default
+ Adjusts the print space to print both sides of paper.
+ That means that the print space for odd- and even-numbered pages is different.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Margins
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Margins
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Margins"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Chapter
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margins
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-book
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Paper margins are set in the menu
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Headings
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Two
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+If you use a koma-script document class, you can use the default settings.
+ Because koma-script calculates then the printspace automatically by taking
+ the paper format and the font size into account.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Important Note
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+If you change a document class, LyX has to convert
+\emph on
+everything
+\emph default
+ into the new class.
+ That includes the paragraph environments.
+ Some paragraph environments are standard; all of the document classes have
+ them; but some classes have special paragraph environments.
+ If this is the case, and you change the document class, LyX sets the missing
+ paragraph environments to
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Chapter
+Standard
+\family default
+ and places an error box at the beginning of the paragraph.
+ Just click on them and you'll get a message dialog that tells you about
+ the conversion and why it failed.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+Paragraph Indentation and Separation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-letter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Indentation
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Par-indent-intro"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
+ say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-none
+Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
+ Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
+ Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
+ If you choose indentation for paragraphs the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+ paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,
+ etc., is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ indented.
+ Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
+ Note that the indentation behavior is different when you use another document
+ language than English.
+ LaTeX takes care that the indentation follows the rules of the used language.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
+ and text --- in fact, all of the spacings for just about everything are
+ pre-coded into LyX.
+ As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.
+ LyX takes care of that.
+ In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a
+ range.
+ That way, LyX can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure
+ figures fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom
+ of a page, and so on.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-aapaper
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX does this when LyX goes to produce a printable file.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.
+ LyX gives you the ability to globally change
+\emph on
+all
+\emph default
+ of these pre-coded spacings.
+ We'll explain more later.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Separation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Separation
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Two
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+To separate paragraphs, select
+\family sans
+Indent
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Skip
+\family default
+ in the submenu
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Layout
+\family default
+ of the dialog
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Two
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Section
+\family default
+ to indent paragraphs or add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
+ The size of the skips can be defined in the dialog, for the indentation
+ you have to add this line to your document preamble:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-amsart
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+parindent}{Length}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+where length is a value in one of the units listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Headings
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Units"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+ The default length is 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+pt.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
+ Open the
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog and toggle the
+\family sans
+Indent
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+Paragraph
+\family default
+ option to change the state of the current paragraph.
+ If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
+ button will be ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph by toggling
+ this).
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
+ if you need to do some fine-tuning.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Section
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Line Spacing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Line spacing
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-dinbrief
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
+In the
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Plain
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family default
+ dialog you can set the line spacing in the submenu
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
-
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Layout.
+\family default
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You need to have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+setspace
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-none
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-paper
+ installed to use this feature.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Headings
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+Paragraph Environments
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Environments
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-One
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Section
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|(
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
+Paragraph environments correspond to the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is no default value of
-\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra\InsetSpace ~
-Options
-\family default
- for any of these classes.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+begin{
+\emph on
+environment
+\emph default
+} ...
+\backslash
+end{
+\emph on
+environment
+\emph default
+}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+command sequence in LaTeX files.
+ If you don't know LaTeX, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
+ alien to you, we urge you to read the
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+.
+ The
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+ also contains many more examples than this section does.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You're probably also wondering what
+A paragraph environment is simply a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Max.
- sectioning level
+container
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- means.
- There are several paragraph environment used to create section headings.
- Different document classes allow different types of section headings.
- Only two use the
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- heading; the rest do not and begin instead with the
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- heading.
- Some document classes, such as the three for letters, don't use any section
- headings.
- In addition to
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- headings, there are also
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
- headings,
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
- headings, and so on.
- We'll describe these headings fully in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parenvheadings"
+ for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.
+ This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering
+ scheme, labels, and so on.
+ Additionally, you can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+nest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment
+ to inherit some of the properties of another.
+ The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy
+ tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hold-overs from the
+ days of typewriters.
+ There are several paragraph environments which are specific to a particular
+ document type.
+ We'll only be covering the most common ones here.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-tuning the Defaults
+\begin_layout Standard
+To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ scale 70
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+ at the left end of the toolbar.
+ LyX will change the environment of the
+\emph on
+entire
+\emph default
+ paragraph in which the cursor sits.
+ You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if
+ you select them before choosing the new environment.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Okay, we know we never told you what most of these
+Note that hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ will
+\emph on
+typically
+\emph default
+ create a new paragraph using the
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ We say
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-default options
+typically
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- set by the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-lass
-\family default
- button do.
- That's what this section is for.
+ because if you are in one of these environments:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-agestyle
-\family default
- This is another list, containing five options.
- It controls what sorts of headings and page numbers go on a page:
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX does this part.
+Quote
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Quotation
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Default
-\family default
- Use default pagestyle of current class.
+Verse
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Empty
-\family default
- No page numbers or headings.
+Itemize
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Plain
-\family default
- Page numbers only.
+Enumerate
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Headings
-\family default
- Page numbers and either the current chapter or section title and number.
- Whether LyX uses the current chapter or the current section depends on
- which is the maximum sectioning level.
+Description
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Fancy
-\family default
- This allows you to create fully customizable headers and footers if you
- have the
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX keeps the old paragraph environment when you hit
\family sans
-fancyhdr
+Return
\family default
- package installed.
- At the moment, support in LyX is limited to this setting.
- To use the full power of this package, you have to resort to magic codes
- in your preamble.
- Check the documentation for the
+, rather than resetting it to
\family sans
-fancyhdr
+Standard
\family default
- package for more details.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+.
+ LyX will still reset the nesting depth, however.
+ Usually, starting a new paragraph resets both the paragraph environment
+ and the nesting depth (for more on nesting see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Sides
-\family default
- No, LyX can't make your printer print on both sides of a sheet of paper!
- However, it can use a different format for odd-numbered pages than even-numbere
-d pages.
- This way, if you
-\emph on
-do
-\emph default
- have a printer that duplexes
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-i.e.
- prints on both sides of a sheet of paper
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-, your page number will always be in the upper right corner of the page
- and the left margin will have extra room for a binding.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two radio buttons here:
+).
+ At the moment, all this is context-specific; you're better off expecting
+
\family sans
-One
+Return
\family default
- for single-sided documents,
+ to reset the paragraph environment and depth.
+ If you want a new paragraph to keep the current environment and depth,
+ use
\family sans
-Two
+M-Return
\family default
- for double-sided documents.
+ instead.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default paragraph environment is
\family sans
-Columns
-\family default
- Yes, this does control how many columns each page has.
- You can choose, using the toggle buttons,
-\family sans
-One
+Standard
\family default
- or
+ for most classes.
+ It creates a plain paragraph.
+ If LyX resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.
+ In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now (and most of the ones in
+ this manual) are in the
\family sans
-Two
+Standard
\family default
- for the number of columns.
-
+ environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that LyX won't show two columns on screen.
- That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- However, there
-\emph on
-will
-\emph default
- be two columns in the generated output.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
+You can nest a paragraph using the
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra\InsetSpace ~
-Options
+Standard
\family default
- The LaTeX command
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
+ environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything
+ in a
+\family sans
+Standard
\family default
- takes several options.
- LyX sets some of these automatically for you.
- This text box allows you to enter in others.
- Just type in a comma-separated list of options.
- See a good LaTeX book to find out what kinds of additional options you
- can use.
+ environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Title
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Separation
-\family default
- This has its own section.
- See sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:parindentintro"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document !Title
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- for a description of what this does.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Paper Size, Orientation, and Margins
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are several other options to set in the
-\family sans
-Document\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- All of them are global options, but they have special purposes and only
- affect certain features.
- We describe what these options do in the same section that describes the
- features they affect.
-\end_layout
+A LaTeX title page has three parts: the title itself, the name(s) of the
+ author(s) and a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are two options that affect the overall layout of the document, so
- we'll describe them here.
- You'll find them in the
-\family sans
-Paper
-\family default
- dialog under the
-\family sans
-Layout
-\family default
- menu:
-\end_layout
+footnote
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+ for thanks or contact information.
+ For certain types of documents, LaTeX places all of this on a separate
+ page along with today's date.
+ For other types of documents, the title
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ goes at the top of the first page of the document.
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
+ environments
\family sans
-Orientation
+Title
\family default
- Two toggle buttons choose whether to print the output as
+,
\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-andscape
+Author
\family default
- or as
+, and
\family sans
-Po
-\bar under
-r
-\bar default
-trait
+Date
\family default
.
+ Here's how you use them:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Put the title of your document in the
\family sans
-Papersi
-\bar under
-z
-\bar default
-e
+Title
\family default
- What size paper to print on.
- The choices are
+ environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Put the author name in the
\family sans
-Default
+Author
+\family default
+ environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
+If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
+ or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
+ the
\family sans
-A3, A4,
+Date
\family default
-
-\family sans
-A5
-\end_layout
+ environment.
+ Note that using this environment is optional.
+ If you don't provide any, LaTeX will automatically insert today's date.
+ If you don't want any date, add the line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-B3, B4, B5
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\backslash
+date{}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+to the preamble of your document (menu
\family sans
-US Letter
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use footnotes to insert
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-US legal
+thanks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or contact informations.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Headings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-US executive
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Headings"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Custom
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Some of these settings require you to have the
-\family sans
-geometry
-\family default
- package installed.
- This package will also allow you to set the margins in the
-\family sans
-Paper
-\family default
- dialog.
+There are several paragraph environments for producing section headings.
+ LyX takes care of the numbering for you.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Important Note:
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Numbered Headings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Numbered
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you change a document's class, LyX has to convert
-\emph on
-everything
-\emph default
- into the new class.
- That includes the paragraph environments.
- Some paragraph environments are standard; all of the document classes have
- them.
- Some classes have special paragraph environments, however.
- If this is the case, and you change document classes, LyX sets the missing
- paragraph environments to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- and places an error box at the beginning of the paragraph.
- Just click on them and you'll get a message dialog that tells you about
- the conversion and why it failed.
+There are 7 numbered types of section headings.
+ They are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Paragraph Indentation and Separation
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Part
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Introduction
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:parindentintro"
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\family sans
+Section
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
- say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
- Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
- Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
- LyX uses the same convention you find among typographers.
- The
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
- paragraph of a section, or after a figure, an equation, a table, a list,
- etc., is
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- indented.
- Only a paragraph following another paragraph gets indented.
- Some people don't like this convention, but if you want to use indented
- paragraphs, you'll have to live with it.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is a way to force LaTeX to indent all paragraphs.
- LyX won't show this, of course, but LaTeX
-\emph on
-will
-\emph default
- print it that way.
- You'll need to get a special package and insert an appropriate command
- in the preamble.
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
- and text --- in fact, all of the spacings for just about everything are
- pre-coded into LyX.
- As we said, you don't worry about how much space to add between what.
- LyX takes care of that.
- In fact, these pre-coded vertical spacings aren't a single number but a
- range.
- That way, LyX can squish or stretch the space between lines to make sure
- figures fit on a page with text, so that sections don't start at the bottom
- of a page, and so on.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+LyX labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
+ The numbers describe where in the document you are.
+ Unlike the other headings, parts are numbered with Latin letters.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Actually, LaTeX does this when LyX goes to produce a printable file.
+Headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
+ For example, suppose you're writing a book.
+ You group the book into chapters.
+ LyX does similar grouping:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
- However, pre-coded doesn't mean you can't change them.
- LyX gives you the ability to globally change
-\emph on
-all
-\emph default
- of these pre-coded spacings.
- We'll explain more later.
+\family sans
+Part
+\family default
+ is divided in either
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Section
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Global Indentation Method
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Standard
-To select the default method of separating paragraphs, select
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-ndent
+Chapter
\family default
- or
+s are divided into
\family sans
-S
-\bar under
-k
-\bar default
-ip
+Section
\family default
- to indent paragraphs or add extra space between paragraphs, respectively.
+s
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
- Open the
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Section
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\family default
+s
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
\family default
- dialog and toggle the
+s are divided into
\family sans
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-o Indent
+Subsubsection
\family default
- button to change the state of the current paragraph.
- If paragraphs indent by default, this button will be inactive at first.
- If paragraphs have no indentation but use extra space for separation, this
- button will be completely ignored (you can't indent a single paragraph
- by toggling this).
+s
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
- if you need to do some fine-tuning.
- Typically, you'll select
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-ndent
+Subsubsection
\family default
- or
+s are divided into
\family sans
-S
-\bar under
-k
-\bar default
-ip
+Paragraph
\family default
- for the entire document and edit away.
+s
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Changing Line Spacing
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\family default
+s are divided into
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+s
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Not all document types use the
+\family sans
+Chapter
\family default
- dialog you can choose your line spacing provided you have the
+ heading as the maximum sectioning level.
+ In that case the
\family sans
-setspace
+Section
\family default
- package installed.
+ is the top-level heading.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Paragraph Environments
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:par-environments"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-The paragraph environments correspond to the various
-\end_layout
+So, if you use the
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\family default
+ environment to label a new sub-subsection, LyX labels it with its number,
+ along with the number of the subsection, section, and, if applicable, chapter
+ that it's in.
+ For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the
+ label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+2.5
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-begin{
-\family default
-\emph on
-environment
-\family typewriter
-\emph default
-} ...
-
-\backslash
-end{
-\family default
-\emph on
-environment
-\family typewriter
-\emph default
-}
-\family default
-
-\newline
-command sequences in an ordinary LaTeX file.
- If you don't know LaTeX, or the concept of a paragraph environment is totally
- alien to you, we urge you to read the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
.
- The
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- also contains many more examples than this section does.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A paragraph environment is simply a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Unnumbered Headings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-container
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Unnumbered
+\end_layout
- for a paragraph which gives that paragraph certain properties.
- This can include a particular style of font, different margins, a numbering
- scheme, labels, and so on.
- Additionally, you can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-nest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- the different environments inside one another, allowing one environment
- to inherit some of the properties of another.
- The different paragraph environments totally replace the need for messy
- tab stops, on the fly margin adjustment, and other hold-overs from the
- days of typewriters.
- There are several paragraph environments which are specific to a particular
- document type.
- We'll only be covering the most common ones here.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box on the left
- end of the toolbar.
- LyX will change the environment of the
-\emph on
-entire
-\emph default
- paragraph in which the cursor sits.
- You can also change the environment of an entire group of paragraphs if
- you select them before choosing the new environment.
-
+There are 5 types of unnumbered section headings.
+ They are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that hitting
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- will
-\emph on
-typically
-\emph default
- create a new paragraph using the
+Part*line spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraph environment.
- We say
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+Chapter*
+\end_layout
-typically
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
- because this isn't always the case.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\family sans
+Section*
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you are in one of these environments:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Subsection*
+\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection*
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+*
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+ after each name means that these headings are not numbered.
+ They work the same as their numbered counterparts but won't appear in the
+ table of contents, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:toc"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-vspace{-2ex}
-\backslash
-parbox[t]{3cm}{
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changing the Numbering
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Numbering-depth"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
+ in the Table of Contents.
+ Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
+ class.
+ Certain classes start with
\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+Chapter
+\family default
+ and go down to the
\family sans
-Quotation
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+ level.
+ Others start at
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+.
+ Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.
+ Most don't number
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\family default
+.
+ This is something you can change.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Open the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\family sans
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-}
-\backslash
-parbox[t]{3cm}{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\family default
+ Under
\family sans
-Verse
-\end_layout
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+TOC
+\family default
+ you'll see two counters.
+ The one named
\family sans
-Itemize
+Numbering
+\family default
+ controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy LyX numbers a section
+ heading.
+ The other one controls the appearance of the section headings in the table
+ of contents.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Short Titles of Headings
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-}
-\backslash
-parbox[t]{3cm}{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Section headings ! Short titles
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset OptArg
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Description
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Short Titles
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-}
-\backslash
-parbox[t]{3cm}{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Short-Titles"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-List
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
+ This can cause troubles when there is limited horizontal space.
+ For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
+ title, a long title will protrude over the page margins and look awful.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+LaTeX allows you to specify a short title for section headings.
+ This short title is used in the header and in the actual table of contents,
+ avoiding the problem mentioned.
+ To specify a short title, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Short
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+Title
+\family default
+.
+ This will insert a box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-}
-\end_layout
+opt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ (stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+optional
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+) which you can use to enter the short title text.
+ This also works for captions inside floats.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX keeps the old paragraph environment when you hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, rather than resetting it to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- LyX will still reset the nesting depth, however.
+The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Special Information
+\end_layout
- Usually, starting a new paragraph resets both the paragraph environment
- and the nesting depth [more on nesting in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following information applies to all section headings:
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
+\end_layout
-].
- At the moment, all this is context-specific; you're better off expecting
-
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- to reset the paragraph environment and depth.
- If you want a new paragraph to keep the current environment and depth,
- use
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- instead.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can only use inline math in these environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Standard
+Quotes and Poetryline spacing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The default paragraph environment is
+LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
+ They are
\family sans
-Standard
+Quote
\family default
- for most classes.
- It creates a plain paragraph.
- If LyX resets the paragraph environment, this is the one it chooses.
- In fact, the paragraph you're reading right now [and most of the ones in
- this manual] are in the
+,
\family sans
-Standard
+Quotation
\family default
- environment.
+, and
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+.
+ Forget the days of changing line spacing and twiddling with margins.
+ These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
+ They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
+ the text they contain.
+ They also allow nesting, so you can put a
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ in a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can nest a paragraph using the
+There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
+
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ reset to
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment in just about anything else, but you can't really nest anything
- in a
+ when you start a new paragraph.
+ So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
+ Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
+ to change back to the
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment.
+ environment yourself.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Document Titles
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_layout Standard
-A LaTeX title page has three parts: the title itself, the name[s] of the
- author[s] and a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
-footnote
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Quote"
- for thanks or contact information.
- For certain types of documents, LaTeX places all of this on a separate
- page along with today's date.
- For other types of documents, the title
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- goes at the top of the first page of the document.
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
- environments
+Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
+ time for the differences.
+
\family sans
-Title
+Quote
\family default
-,
+ and
\family sans
-Author
+Quotation
\family default
-, and
+ are identical except for one difference:
\family sans
-Date
+Quote
\family default
-.
- Here's how you use them:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Put the title of your document in the
+ uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.
+
\family sans
-Title
+Quotation
\family default
- environment.
+
+\emph on
+always
+\emph default
+ indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Put the author name in the
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example of the
\family sans
-Author
+Quote
\family default
- environment.
+ environment:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
- or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
- the
+\begin_layout Quote
+This is in the
\family sans
-Date
+Quote
\family default
environment.
- Note that using this environment is optional.
- If you don't provide any, LaTeX will automatically insert today's date.
+ I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it
+ wraps.
+ See -- no indentation!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Be sure to do this at the top of the document.
- You can use footnotes to insert
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-thanks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or contact information.
+\begin_layout Quote
+Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
+ Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
+ the other paragraph.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Headings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:parenvheadings"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's another example, this time in the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ environment:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
+This is in the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ environment.
+ If I keep writing, you'll see the indentation.
+ If your country uses a writing style that shows off new paragraphs by indenting
+ the first line, then
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it
+\emph on
+if
+\emph default
+ you were quoting other text.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Quotation
+Here's a new paragraph.
+ I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
+ If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are nine paragraph environments for producing section headings.
- LyX takes care of the numbering for you.
- All you need to do is decide what you're going to call section 3 of chapter
- 9.
+As the examples show,
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.
+ They should put quotes in the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ paragraph environment for quoted text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Numbered Headings
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are 6 numbered types of section headings.
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
-\begin_layout Standard
-Why no mention of Part ?
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Verse
\end_layout
\end_inset
- They are:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
\family sans
-Chapter
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Section
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Poetry
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Verse"
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\family sans
-Paragraph
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
-Subparagraph
+Verse
+\family default
+ is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.
+ Here's an example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
- The numbers describe where in the document you are.
- These headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
- For example, suppose you're writing a book.
- You group the book into chapters.
- LyX does similar grouping:
+\begin_layout Verse
+This is in Verse
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Which I did not rehearse!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Either
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- is the maximum sectioning level.
+\begin_layout Verse
+It could be much worse.
+ This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
+ around.
+ It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are
+ indented a bit more than the first.
+ Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.
+ So sue me.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Verse
+To break a line
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+And make things look fine
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Use
\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Section
+C-Return
\family default
-s
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see,
\family sans
-Section
+Verse
\family default
-s are divided into
+ does not indent both margins.
+ Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.
+ To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ function
\family sans
-Subsection
+C-Return
\family default
-s
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Lists
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\family default
-s are divided into
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
-s
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Lists"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
+ of lists.
+ In the
\family sans
-Subsubsection
+Itemize
\family default
-s are divided into
+ and
\family sans
-Paragraph
+Enumerate
\family default
-s
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+ environments, LyX labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.
+ In the
\family sans
-Paragraph
+Description
\family default
-s are divided into
+ and
\family sans
-Subparagraph
+List
\family default
-s
+ environments, LyX lets you provide your own label.
+ We'll present the individual details of each type of list next after describing
+ some general features of all four of them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+General Features
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
+ in several ways.
+ First, LyX treats each paragraph as a list item.
+ Hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does
\emph on
-Note:
+not
\emph default
- not all document types use the
+ reset the environment to
\family sans
-Chapter
+Standard
\family default
- heading as the maximum sectioning level.
- In that case, the
+ but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
+ The nesting depth is not also kept.
+ If you want to keep the paragraph environment but reset the current nesting
+ depth, you can use
\family sans
-Section
+M-Return
\family default
- is the top-level heading.
+ to break paragraphs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So, if you use the
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\family default
- environment to label a new sub-subsection, LyX labels it with its number,
- along with the number of the subsection, section, and, if applicable, chapter
- that it's in.
- For example: the fifth section of the second chapter of this book has the
- label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
+ In fact, LyX changes the labels on some list items depending on how it
+ is nested.
+ If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
+ you read all of section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.5
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
\end_inset
.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Unnumbered Headings
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are 3 types of unnumbered section headings.
- They are:
+The first type of list we'll describe in detail is the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ It has the following properties:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Section*
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+LyX uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The items can have any length.
+ LyX automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
+ The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
\family sans
-Subsection*
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list may be in.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you nest an
\family sans
-Subsubsection*
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment inside another
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, the label changes to a new symbol.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
+\end_layout
-*
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Itemize
+LyX always shows the same symbol on screen.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- after each name means that these headings are not numbered.
- They work the same as their numbered counterparts.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Changing the Numbering
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:section-depth"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-
+ for a full explanation of nesting.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
- in the Table of Contents.
- Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
- class.
- Certain classes start with
+Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
\family sans
-Chapter
+Itemize
\family default
- and go down to the
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
-\family default
- level.
- Others start at
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-.
- Similarly, not all document classes number all sectioning levels.
- Most don't number
+ list.
+ The
\family sans
-Paragraph
+Itemize
\family default
- or
+ environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
+ Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
+ Note that those of you reading this manual within LyX won't see any difference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the first level
\family sans
-Subparagraph
+Itemize
\family default
-.
- This is something you can change.
+ is a large black dot, or bullet.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the second level is a dash.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the third is an asterisk.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back out to the third level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back to the second level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Back to the outermost level.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Open the
+These are the default labels for an
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Itemize
\family default
- dialog.
- You should see a counter labelled
+ list.
+ You can customize these labels in the
\family sans
-Section\InsetSpace ~
-number\InsetSpace ~
-depth
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- under the
+ dialog in the submenu
\family sans
-Extra
+Bullets
\family default
- tab.
- This counter controls how far down in the sectioning hierarchy LyX numbers
- a section heading.
- Unfortunately, the number you choose with the slider is really goofy, so
- here's a table of values and what they do:
+.
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
+ We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Sec.
- Num.
- Depth
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-LyX numbers these
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-value:
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Enumerate
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-section headings:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Enumerate"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--2
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-no numbering of any kind
+The
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment is used to create numbered lists and outlines.
+ It has these properties:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Each item has a numeral as its label.
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--1
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The type of numeral depends on the nesting depth.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+LyX automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Each new
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment resets the counter to one.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Like the
\family sans
-add
+Itemize
\family default
-
+ environment, the
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Parts
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
+ Items can have any length.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
--0 and 0
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Unlike the
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-add Chapters
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment,
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ shows the different labels for each item in LyX.
+ Here is how LyX labels the four different levels in an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The first level of an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-add Sections
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
+ increases.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the third level
+\end_layout
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the second level.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back to the outermost level.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Once again, you can customize the type of numbering used in the
\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-add Subsections
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+ It involves adding commands to the LaTeX preamble (see the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ As stated earlier, such customization only shows up in the printed version,
+ not in LyX.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is more to nesting
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments than we've stated here.
+ You should read section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ to learn more about nesting.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
\family sans
-add
+Description
\family default
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Subsubsections
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Description
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-add
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Paragraphs
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Description-List"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-5
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
+Unlike the previous two environments, the
\family sans
-add
+Description
\family default
-
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Subparagraphs
-\end_layout
-
+ list has no fixed label.
+ Instead, LyX uses the first
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+word
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ of the first line as the label.
+ Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Example: This is an example of the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
-
-
+LyX typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
+ rest of the line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The increasing numbers are cumulative: a setting of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-0
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- will number parts and chapters, while
+With the first
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-2
+word
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- will number parts, chapters, sections, and subsections.
- Of course, if you're using a document class that doesn't use part or chapter
- headings (
-\emph on
-e.g.
-
-\emph default
- the default article class), then the numbering begins at the
+ it is meant that the first hit of the
\family sans
-Section
+Space
\family default
- heading, and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-0
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- also corresponds to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-no numbering.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's another counter in the dialog, called
+ key ends the label if you are at the beginning of the first line of an
+ item.
+ If you need to use more than one word in the label use a
\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-contents\InsetSpace ~
-depth
+Protected Blank
\family default
.
- It works the same way as
-\family sans
-Section\InsetSpace ~
-numbering\InsetSpace ~
-depth
-\family default
-, only it controls which sectioning levels appear in, you guessed it, the
- Table of Contents.
- This is a great control to have.
- Suppose you wanted to number
-\emph on
-all
-\emph default
- sectioning heading, but you only wanted
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-s,
+ (Use either
\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-s, and
-\family sans
-Subsection
+C-Space
\family default
-s in the Table of Contents.
- You'd just set
+ or the menu
\family sans
-Section\InsetSpace ~
-numbering\InsetSpace ~
-depth
-\family default
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-5
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and
-\family sans
-Table of contents\InsetSpace ~
-depth
+Space
\family default
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Protected-Space"
+
\end_inset
- and voilà! You're all set.
+ for more info.) Here is an example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Special Information
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Second
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following information applies to
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-,
+Example: This one shows how to use a
\family sans
-Section
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Blank
\family default
-,
+ in the label of a
\family sans
-Subsection
+Description
\family default
-,
+ list item.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Usage: You should use the
\family sans
-Subsubsection
+Description
\family default
-,
+ environment for things like definitions and theorems.
+ Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text
+ that describes it.
+ It's not a good idea to use a
\family sans
-Paragraph
+Description
\family default
-,
+ environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.
+ You're better off using
\family sans
-Subparagraph
+Itemize
\family default
- as well as
+ or
\family sans
-Section*
+Enumerate
\family default
-,
+ and nesting several
\family sans
-Subsection*
+Standard
\family default
-, and
+ paragraphs into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Nesting: You can nest
\family sans
-Subsubsection*
+Description
\family default
-:
+ environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
+ so on.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice that after the first line, LyX indents subsequent lines, offsetting
+ them from the first line.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can only use inlined math in these environments.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+The LyX
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot nest other environments into these environments.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lists ! Lyx@LyX list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As for examples of these paragraph environments - look around you! We're
- using them everywhere in the manuals.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Creating an Appendix
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To create an appendix, simply start by adding a new chapter or section heading.
- Move the cursor back to the beginning of the heading and select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:LyX-List"
-\newline
-Start\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-ppendix\InsetSpace ~
-Here
-\family default
-.
- A red/brown box will be drawn around the remainder of the file to indicate
- there is something special about it, and the numerical chapter or section
- label(s) will be changed to a letter.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Quotes and Poetry
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
- They are
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
-.
- Forget the days of changing linespacing and twiddling with margins.
- These three paragraph environments already have those changes built-in.
- They all widen the left margin and add a bit of extra space above and below
- the text they contain.
- They also allow nesting, so you can put a
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- in a
+The
\family sans
-Quotation
+List
\family default
-, as well as in some other paragraph environments.
+ environment is a LyX extension to LaTeX.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
-
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- when you start a new paragraph.
- So, you can type in that poem and merrily hit
+Like the
\family sans
-Return
+Description
\family default
- without worrying about the paragraph environment changing on you.
- Of course, that means that, once you're done typing in that poem, you have
- to change back to the
+ environment the
\family sans
-Standard
+List
\family default
- environment yourself.
+ environment has user-defined labels for each list item.
+ There are the following properties of this list environment:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+labels LyX uses the first
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+word
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of each line as the item label.
+ The first
\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Quotation
+Space
\family default
+ after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.
+ If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected
+ blank as described above.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+margins As you can see, LyX uses different margins for the item label and
+ the body of the item text.
+ The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
+ label width plus a little extra space.
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:quote"
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+width LyX uses the width of the label, or the default width, whatever is
+ larger.
+ If the label width is larger, the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+extends
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ into the first line.
+ In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left
+ margin of the rest of the item text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
- time for the differences.
-
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+width You can set the default label width to ensure that the text of all
+ items in a
\family sans
-Quote
+List
\family default
- and
+ environment have the same left margin.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To change the default width, select all items in the list.
+ Now open the
\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- are identical except for one difference:
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ The text in the box
\family sans
-Quote
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label
\family default
- uses extra spacing to separate paragraphs and never indents the first line.
-
+ determines the default label width.
+ You can use the text of your largest label here, but you can also use the
+ letter
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+M
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ multiple times instead.
+ The M is the widest character and is a standard unit of widths in LaTeX.
+ By using
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+M
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as the unit of width you don't need to keep changing the contents of
\family sans
-Quotation
+Longest
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+label
\family default
+ every time you alter a label in a
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The predefined default width is the length of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+00.00.0000
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (equal to 6 M).
-\emph on
-always
-\emph default
- indents the first line of a paragraph and uses the same line spacing throughout.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Setting the cursor into a list item to change only its label width will
+ only change the width inside LyX but not in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example of the
+You should use the
\family sans
-Quote
+List
\family default
- environment:
+ environment the same way like the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ list: When you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
+ it.
+ The
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall
+ layout.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-This is in the
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can nest
\family sans
-Quote
+List
\family default
- environment.
- I can keep writing, extending this line out further and further until it
- wraps.
- See - no indentation!
+ environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
+ so on.
+ They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
+ Read section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn about nesting.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
- Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
- the other paragraph.
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is yet another feature of the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment: As you can see in the examples, LyX left-justifies the item
+ labels by default.
+ You can use additional
+\family sans
+HFills
+\family default
+ to change how LyX justifies the item label.
+
+\family sans
+Hfills
+\family default
+ are documented in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here are some examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+Left The default for
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ item labels.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right One
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+ at the beginning of the label right justifies it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Center
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+ One
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+ at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Letters
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Letters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+: An Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-That ends that example.
- Here's another example, this time in the
+Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
+ environments called
\family sans
-Quotation
+Address
\family default
- environment:
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
+ in a specific order, otherwise LaTeX gags on the document.
+ In contrast, you can use the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
+ You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
+ anything in them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-This is in the
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course, you're not limited to using
\family sans
-Quotation
+Address
\family default
- environment.
- If I keep writing, you'll see the indentation.
- If your country uses a writing style that shows off new paragraphs by indenting
- the first line, then
+ and
\family sans
-Quotation
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
\family default
- is the environment for you! Well, you'd use it
-\emph on
-if
-\emph default
- you were quoting other text.
+ for letters only.
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
+ some European academic papers.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-Here's a new paragraph.
- I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
- If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Usage
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Address-Usage"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
+ for the opening and signature in some countries.
+ Similarly, the
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
+ is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
+ Here's an example of each:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Right Address
+Right Address
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Who I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Where I am
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+When is it? What is today?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+.
+ Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which LyX sets to
+ fit the largest block of text on a single line.
+ Here's an example of the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Who are you
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Where do I send this
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Your post office and country
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, both
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
+ If you hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ in either of these environments, LyX resets the nesting depth and sets
+ the environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ This makes sense, since
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ is the
+\family typewriter
+break-paragraph
+\family default
+ function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
+ Thus, you have to use
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Formatting
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Insert
+\family default
+ menu) to start a new line in an
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Academic Writing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
+ or list of references.
+ LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Abstracts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is used for the abstract of an article.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
+ Also, don't bother trying to nest
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa.
+ It won't work.
+ The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment is only useful in the article and report document classes.
+ The book document classes ignores the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ completely, and it's utterly silly to use
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ in a letter document class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment does several things for you.
+ First, it puts the centered label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Abstract
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ above the text.
+ The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
+ space.
+ Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
+ Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
+ the subsequent text.
+ Well, that's how it will appear on the LyX screen.
+ The appearance in the output depends on the used article or report class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Starting a new paragraph by hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ The new paragraph will still be in the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment.
+ So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
+ finish entering the abstract of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/Abstract.pdf
+ lyxscale 25
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Paragraph in the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We'd love to give you directly an example of the
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\family default
+ environment, but since this document is in the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+book
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ class, we can't do this.
+ We inserted it therefore as figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Paragraph-in-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you've never heard of an
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+abstract
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ before, you can safely ignore this environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is used to list references.
+ Technically, you could use this environment anywhere, but you really should
+ only use it at the end of the document.
+ Nesting
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ in anything else or vice versa won't work.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you first open a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, LyX add a large vertical space, followed by the heading
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+References,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ depending on the document class.
+ The heading is in a large boldface font.
+ Each paragraph of the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment is a bibliography entry.
+ Thus, hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ Each new paragraph is still in the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For a detailed description of LyX's bibliography handling, have a look at
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LyX
+\family sans
+-Code
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! LyX code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment is another LyX extension.
+ It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
+ It also treats the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key as a fixed whitespace;
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment, the
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ key is treated as a
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Blank
+\family default
+ instead of an end-of-word marker.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in LyX.
+ If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+ (the
+\family typewriter
+break-line
+\family default
+ function).
+
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ breaks paragraphs.
+ Note, however, that
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ does not reset the paragraph environment.
+ So, when you finish using the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
+ Also, you can nest the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ environment inside of others.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are a few quirks with this environment:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot use
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+ at the beginning of a new paragraph (i.e.
+ you can't follow
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ with a
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't follow a
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+ with a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Use a
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Or: use
+\family sans
+C-Space
+\family default
+ instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
+ You must put at least one
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ in any line you want blank.
+ Otherwise, LaTeX generates errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ since that will insert
+\emph on
+real
+\emph default
+ quotes.
+ You get the typewriter double quotes with
+\family sans
+C-"
+\family default
+ (or
+\family sans
+C-q
+\family default
+ if you use Emacs-like key bindings).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+#include <stdio.h>
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+int main(void)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ printf("Hello World!
+\backslash
+n");
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+ return 0;
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is just the standard
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Hello world!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ program.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+ has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
+ rc-files, and so on.
+ Use it only in those very special cases where you need to generate text
+ as if you used a typewriter.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph environments|)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Nesting Environments
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Introduction
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX treats text as a unified block with a particular context and specific
+ properties.
+ This allows you to create blocks that inherits some of the properties of
+ another block.
+ For example you have three main points in an outline, but point #2 also
+ has two subpoints.
+ In other words, you have a list inside of another list, with the inner
+ list
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+attached
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to item #2:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+one
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+two
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+sublist - item #1
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+sublist - item #2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+three
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You put a list inside of a list by nesting one list inside the other.
+ Nesting an environment is quite simple: Select
+\family sans
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Edit
+\family default
+ menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
+ will tell you how far you are nested).
+ Instead of the menu, you can also use the toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-increment.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-decrement.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or the convenient key bindings
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+ to change the nesting level.
+ The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
+ you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
+ paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.
+ If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
+ Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
+ depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Nesting isn't limited to lists.
+ In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're
+ about to find out.
+ This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What You Can and Can't Nest
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
+ you a little bit more about how nesting works.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The question if nesting a paragraph environment is possible, is a bit more
+ complicated than a simple yes or no.
+ There are three types of paragraph environments:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Completely unnestable
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Fully nestable, you can nest them inside of things and you can also nest
+ other things inside of them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+A third type, you can nest them into other environments, but you can't nest
+ anything into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
+ environments have them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Unnestable Can't nest them.
+ Can't nest into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Abstract
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Title
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Author
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Date
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Fully
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Nestable You can nest them.
+ You can nest other things into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Verse
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quote
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+List
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
+ You can't nest anything into them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Paragraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subparagraph
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Part*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Chapter*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Section*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsection*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Subsubsection*
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Address
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Although it is possible to nest numbered section headings like
+\family sans
+Chapter
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Section
+\family default
+, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+lists, it is highly recommended not to do this.
+ Because the aim is to create well structured documents following usual
+ guidelines of typesetting, but nested section headings violates them.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Tables etc.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:table-and-fig-nesting"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
+ affected by nesting anyhow.
+ They are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+equations
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+tables
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+figures
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Figures and tables in
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+ are not affected by this.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more informations about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
+ If a figure, table, or an equation is inline, it goes wherever the paragraph
+ it is in goes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+paragraph
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of its own, it behaves just like a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+nestable-inside
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ paragraph environment.
+ You can nest it into any environment, but you obviously can't nest anything
+ into it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example with a table:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside (a).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ nested inside (a).
+ In fact, it's not nested at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
+ item of a new list!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's another trap you can fall into: Nesting the table, but not going
+ deep enough.
+ LyX then turns anything after the table into a new sublist.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Item One
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (a) and it's nested.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+a
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is (b).
+ The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ inside (a).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Back out again.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
+ new list
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ item 1.
+ The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
+ So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
+ depth!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Usage and General Features
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Nesting-Usage"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
+ In other words,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+level #6
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is the innermost possible depth.
+ Here's an example to display what we mean:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #1 - outermost
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #2
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #3
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+level #4
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #5
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+level #6
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
+ both of them in the example.
+ Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
+ nesting with the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ For example, if we tried to nest another
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list inside of item
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+A.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, we'd get errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Some Examples
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nesting ! Examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
+ We have several examples of nested environments.
+ In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
+ them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-a This is the outermost level.
+ It's a
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-a This is level #2.
+ We created it by using
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ followed by
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-a This is level #3.
+ This time, we just hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then used
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+ twice in a row.
+ We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
+ by hitting
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ followed by
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is actually a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment, nested inside of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ So, it's at level #4.
+ We did this by hitting
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+, then changing the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph - it also works
+ for the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's another
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-a This is level #4.
+ We hit
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ and changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+.
+ Remember - we can't nest anything inside of a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
+ However, we
+\emph on
+can
+\emph default
+ keep nesting things inside of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+#3-a
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+and this is level #6.
+ By now, you should know how we made these two.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#5-b Back to level #5.
+ Just hit
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ followed by a
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#4-b After another
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ followed by a
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+, we're back at level #4.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#3-b Back to level #3.
+ By now it should be obvious how we did this.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#2-b Back to level #2.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring MMM
+#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
+ After this sentence, we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ and change the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ to end the list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We could have also used the
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+, or even the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment in place of the
+\family sans
+List
+\family default
+ environment.
+ The example would have worked exactly the same.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 2: Inheritance
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+level.
+ Now we'll hit
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+, after which, we'll change to the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment, at level #2.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Notice how the nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ not only inherits its margins from its parent environment (
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+), but also inherits its font and spacing!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+We ended this example by hitting
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+.
+ After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ and resetting the nesting depth by using
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+ once.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 3: Labels, Levels, and the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ Environments
+\begin_inset OptArg
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #1, in an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ paragraph environment.
+ We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #2.
+ We used
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ followed by
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+.
+ Now, what happens if we nest an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
+ label be? An asterisk?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+No! It's a bullet.
+ This is the
+\emph on
+first
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, even though it's at level #3.
+ So, its label is a bullet.
+ (We got here by using
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+, then changing the environment to
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Here's level #4, produced using
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+S-M-Right
+\family default
+.
+ We'll do that again\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+to get to level #5.
+ This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+.
+ Notice the type of numbering, it is
+\emph on
+lowercase Roman
+\emph default
+, because we are in the
+\emph on
+thirdfold
+\emph default
+
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment (i.e.
+ it is an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ inside an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+What happens if we
+\emph on
+don't
+\emph default
+ change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
+ type of numbering does LyX use?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Let's use
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+ to decrease the depth after the next
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #4.
+ Look what type of label LyX is using!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This is level #3.
+ Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
+ numeral as the label.Why?
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
+\emph on
+still
+\emph default
+ a thirdfold
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Notice, however, that LyX
+\emph on
+did
+\emph default
+ reset the counter for the label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Another
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+ sequence, and we're back to level #2.
+ This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
+ into the twofold-nested
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The same thing happens if we do another
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+S-M-Left
+\family default
+ sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Lastly, we reset the environment to
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+.
+ As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labeling
+ LyX uses for the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environments.
+ The number of other
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ environments surrounding it determines what kind of label LyX uses for
+ an
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ item.
+ The same rule applies for the
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ environment, as well.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Example 4: Going Bonkers
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+We're going to go totally nuts now.
+ We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
+ same detail with how we did it.
+ (level #1:
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+(
+\family sans
+Return, S-M-Right, Standard
+\family default
+: level #2) We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
+ example in parentheses someplace.
+ For example, the two keybindings are how we changed the depth.
+ The environment name is the name of the current environment.
+ Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is the next item in the list.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+Now we'll add verse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+It will get much worse.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\family sans
+Return, S-M-Right, Verse
+\family default
+: level #2)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bippitey boppitey boo!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\family sans
+M-Return)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Verse
+Here comes a table:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+one-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+two-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+red-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+blue-fish
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Verse
+(
+\family sans
+M-Return, Table, S-M-Right
+\family default
+ 3 times,
+\family sans
+M-Return, Verse, S-M-Left
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+(
+\family sans
+Return, Enumerate
+\family default
+: level #1) This is another item.
+ Note that selecting a
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+ resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
+ 3 times to put the table inside the
+\family sans
+Verse
+\family default
+ environment.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We're now ending the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
+ list and changing to
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+.
+ We're still at level #1.
+ We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
+ The next set of paragraphs is a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+quoted letter.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ We'll nest both the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environments inside of this one, then use another nested
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ for the letter body.
+ We'll use
+\family sans
+M-Return
+\family default
+ to preserve the depth.
+ Remember that you need to use
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+ to create multiple lines inside the
+\family sans
+Address
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environments.
+ Here it goes:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Right Address
+1234 Nowhere Rd.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Moosegroin, MT 00100
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+9-6-96
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Dear Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Fizlewitz:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+L of compressed methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
+ Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
+ a backlog in our orders for methane.
+ We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
+ as soon as possible.
+ In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We do, however, now have a special on beef.
+ If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
+ with your order, along with payment.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+We thank you again for your patience.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Address
+Sincerely,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bill Hick
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Quotation
+That ends that example!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with
+ just a few keystrokes.
+ We could have easily nested an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list inside of a
+\family sans
+Quotation
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+, or put a
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ inside of an
+\family sans
+Itemize
+\family default
+ list.
+ You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Spacing, pagination and line breaks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+What is a space? While you might be used to press the space key anytime
+ you want to separate two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers
+ you more spaces: Spaces of different width and spaces which can or cannot
+ be broken at the end of a line.
+ The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
+ useful.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Protected Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Protected
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
+ line at that point.
+ This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Further documentation is given in section
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A protected space is set with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\bar under
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\bar default
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All horizontal spaces can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal Space
+\family default
+.
+ The length units are listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Inter-word Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Inter-word-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Inter-word
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+English) have the typographical convention to add extra space after an end-of-se
+ntence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventions (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
+ In this case, insert an inter-word space (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-M-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Thin Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Thin-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! Thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+thin space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+protected
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
+ thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
+ inside abbreviations:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+D.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+E.
+ Knuth has developed our beloved typesetting program, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+TeX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+or between values and units.
+ Compare for example this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kg (thin space)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+10 kg (normal space
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert thin spaces also with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-S-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+More Spaces
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:More-Spaces"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore insert the following space types:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Negative
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+space A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \negthinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Negative thin space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Enspace
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \enskip{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ Quad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) A line with a
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \qquad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ QQuad
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em) space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Custom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+space A line with
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 2cm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+ 2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cm space between the arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ lists the different space sizes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "tab:Width-of-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Width of the different horizontal spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Space
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Normal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Protected
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/3
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Negative thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-1/6
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Enspace (0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0.5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quad (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+QQuad (2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Horizontal fills (HFills) are a special LyX feature for adding extra space
+ in a uniform fashion.
+ An HFill is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals
+ the remaining space between the left and right margins.
+ If there is more than one HFill on a line, they divide the available space
+ equally between themselves.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here a few examples what you can do with them:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+This is on the left side
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+This is on the right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Middle
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+\noindent
+Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+1/3 Left
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+That was an example in the
+\family sans
+Quote
+\family default
+ environment.
+ Here
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+is one in a standard paragraph.
+ It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
+\emph on
+is
+\emph default
+ sitting in-between the two arrows.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+HFills can be made visible when you choose one of the
+\family sans
+Fill
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pattern
+\family default
+ in the space dialog: The following patterns are available:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dots:
+\begin_inset space \dotfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rule:
+\begin_inset space \hrulefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Left arrow:
+\begin_inset space \leftarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Right arrow:
+\begin_inset space \rightarrowfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up brace:
+\begin_inset space \downbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Down brace:
+\begin_inset space \upbracefill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ If an HFill is at the beginning of a line, and
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ in the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
+ This prevents HFills from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
+ If you need space in this case anyway, set the
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
+ option in the space dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Phantom Space
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Phantom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you want to insert space with exactly the length of a phrase.
+ E.g.
+ you want to create the following multiple choice question:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+What is correct English?:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Edge would have been jumps the gun.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+has to be jumped
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+jumps
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So that the choices appear exactly after the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Mr.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Edge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To get this, you can use the LaTeX-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+phantom
+\series default
+ in TeX Code
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more information about TeX-Code.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In our case write the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+phantom{Mr.
+ Edge }
+\series default
+ (note the space after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Edge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) at the beginning of the last two lines.
+ The command prints out the phrase within the the two braces, but invisible.
+ That is why it is named
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+phantom
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+There exists also the commands
+\backslash
+
+\series bold
+hphantom
+\series default
+ and
+\backslash
+
+\series bold
+vphantom
+\series default
+, but this too special for the LyX Userguide.
+ If you are interested in knowing more about this, have a look at
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Vertical Space
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Vertical-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Vertical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There you find the following sizes:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+SmallSkip
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+MedSkip
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+BigSkip
+\family default
+ are LaTeX sizes which depends on the font size of the document.
+
+\family sans
+DefSkip
+\family default
+ is the skip adjusted in the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ for the paragraph separation.
+ If you use indentation to separate paragraphs
+\family sans
+DefSkip
+\family default
+ is equal to
+\family sans
+MedSkip
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spacing ! Fills
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a variable space, set so that the space is maximal within one page.
+ An example: You have only two short paragraphs on one page with a vfill
+ between them.
+ Then the first paragraph is placed at the top of the page and the second
+ one at the bottom, because the space between them is then maximal.
+
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s work like
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+HFill
+\family default
+s are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ If there are several
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
+ You can therefore use
+\family sans
+VFill
+\family default
+s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ are custom spaces in units explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+
+\series medium
+When the extra vertical space would be in the output at the top/bottom of
+ a page, the space is only added if you have also checked the option
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Alignment
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the paragraph alignment with the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There are four possibilities:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Justified
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Left
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Right
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Center
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
+ spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
+ the left and right margins.
+ The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align right
+This paragraph is right aligned,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+this one is centered,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align left
+this one is left aligned.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Pagebreaks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pagebreaks ! Forced
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Pagebreaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like the way LaTeX does the pagebreaks in your document, you
+ can force a pagebreak where you want one.
+ Normally this will not be necessary, because LaTeX is good at pagebreaking.
+ Only if you use many
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+, LaTeX's page breaking algorithm can fail.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend not to use forced pagebreaks until the text is finished, and
+ until you have checked in the preview to see if you
+\emph on
+really
+\emph default
+ have to change the pagebreaking.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of pagebreaks: One that ends the page without any special
+ action.
+ This can be inserted above or below a paragraph via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ The second type, that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+, ends a page but stretches the content of the page, so that it fills out
+ the complete page.
+ This type is useful to avoid whitespace when a pagebreak produces a page
+ on which only the last few lines are absent.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
+ at the top of a page.
+ This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
+ LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
+ appear at the top of a page (or the bottom, or on their own page) without
+ having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
+ See chapter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to learn more about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Clear Pagebreaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Clear-Pages"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Pagebreaks ! Clear
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Differently to forced pagebreaks where the content behind the break is directly
+ placed at the next page, pages can also be cleared while breaking them.
+ That means that the current paragraph is terminated and all, perhaps not
+ yet processed floats from previous document parts are placed behind it,
+ if necessary by adding pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a clear pagebreak with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+.
+ When you have a two-sided document like a book, you can use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Page
+\family default
+ to insert a clear pagebreak that assures that the next page is a right-hand
+ page (odd-numbered), if necessary by adding a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Forced Linebreaks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Linebreaks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Forced-Linebreaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to pagebreaks there are two types of linebreaks: One that simply
+ breaks the line.
+ You can force this line break within a paragraph by selecting
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ragged
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ or with
+\family sans
+C-Return
+\family default
+.
+ Another type that is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Justified
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break
+\family default
+ breaks the line and stretches it so that it fills out the whole space between
+ the page margins.
+ This is necessary to avoid
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+fringes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in justified paragraphs due to whitespace introduced by linebreaks.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You shouldn't use forced linebreaks to correct LaTeX's linebreaking, as
+ LaTeX is very good at linebreaking.
+ There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
+ set a linebreak, e.g.
+ in a poem or for an address (see sections
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Quote"
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Verse"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Address-Usage"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Horizontal Lines
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Horizontal-Lines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Horizontal lines
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lyxline
+In the dialog
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+ you can insert horizontal lines that spans over the whole document columns
+ width.
+\lyxline
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Characters and Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can directly enter all characters that are available on your keyboard.
+ You can also use special keyboard maps to be able to enter e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+characters needed for French with an English keyboard.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for informations how this is done.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For the case where you need a character that is not on your keyboard, you
+ can use the
+\family sans
+Symbols
+\family default
+ dialog via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Maybe not all symbols inserted with the symbols dialog can be displayed
+ when you are using a special screen font in LyX's preferences.
+ But the inserted symbols will in every case be displayed in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Fonts and Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Font Types
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Types
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two types of fonts:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Vector
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Vector-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are fonts, built from outlines of the single glyphs (i.e.
+ characters) in the font.
+ This means that each glyph is defined using mathematical curves that are
+ well suited for scaling to any requested size.
+ This mathematical definition is interpreted by the font renderer and the
+ curve is filled out with pixels according to the size and glyph.
+ This means that outline fonts will look pretty good in all sizes.
+ Only at very small sizes it might be hard to provide a good rendering at
+ very small sizes, where each pixel has to be very carefully computed to
+ provide a good image.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+One could mean that one only needs to define one font size and scale them.
+ But to achieve a better quality, many fonts define several font sizes.
+ That improves the appearance, because you need more details at large font
+ sizes than at small ones.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The font types
+\family typewriter
+TrueType
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+OpenType
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1 PostScript
+\family default
+ are vector fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+fonts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fonts ! Bitmap-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ on the other hand, are defined by bitmap graphics from the start, so they
+ will look good at all the sizes they are meant for.
+ However, they don't scale well, because in order to scale a glyph, each
+ pixel is enlarged into several pixels.
+ It is the same effect that happens if you try to enlarge a picture in a
+ picture manipulation program.
+ In order to relieve this effect, bitmap fonts are typically provided in
+ several fixed sizes typically from around 8 pixels high up to 34 pixels
+ or so high in steps according to what is believed to be useful.
+ The advantage of bitmap fonts is that no complicated computations are necessary
+ to display each glyph, so bitmap fonts are thus faster displayed than scalable
+ fonts.
+ The disadvantage is that sizes that don't exists as fixed versions have
+ to be scaled by doubling pixels, and thus look bad.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Bitmap fonts are named
+\family typewriter
+Type
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\family default
+ in PostScript- and PDF-documents.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The result of all this, is that bitmap fonts are best for the size they
+ are designed for, while scalable fonts are good for nearly all sizes.
+ So one need less font size definitions for scalable fonts.
+ That's the reason why nearly all text render and typesetting programs use
+ scalable fonts.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To test which fonts are used in a PDF-document, you can have a look into
+ its document properties.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
+ specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
+ font to emphasize text, you use an
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+emphasized style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ instead.
+ This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
+ In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
+ details.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Document Font and Font size
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Document-Font"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Font
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the document fonts in the
+\family sans
+ Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+ There you can specify which font should be used for the three different
+ font shapes roman (serif),
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ and its scalings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The possible options for the font include
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ and a list of fonts available on your system.
+
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ uses the standard TeX fonts, known as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+) or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+European Computer Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ and
+\family typewriter
+ec
+\family default
+ are bitmap fonts, they often looks pixeled in PDF output, especially when
+ you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This problem doesn't appear if you read PDFs in
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Reader
+\family default
+ version 6 or later, because this program includes a special bitmap font
+ renderer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ To get rid of pixeled fonts, you have to use a vector font.
+ There are three ways to use one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+One way is to use the
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ fonts.
+
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ is a virtual font.
+ Virtual means that it
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+steals
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ outline
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+-glyphs from other fonts.
+ This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
+ guillemets (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+«
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+»
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Loading the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+aeguill
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! aeguill
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the document preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+will fix the guillemet problem.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and that accented characters are not
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ glyph, they are build of
+\emph on
+two
+\emph default
+ characters, the accent and the letter.
+ Therefore you can't search in documents using the
+\family typewriter
+AE
+\family default
+ fonts for words with accented characters.
+ If you search for example for the French word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+rève
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a PDF, you won't get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches for
+ the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ è
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and not for the glyph
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ e +
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ ̀
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Another possibility is to use three different outline fonts
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Other fonts, like
+\family typewriter
+Latin Modern
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+Computer Modern
+\family default
+, consists of these three main font types
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ as roman font,
+\family sans
+ Helvetica
+\family default
+ scaled to 92 or 95
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+% as sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif font, and
+\family sans
+courier
+\family default
+ as typewriter font.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The differences between roman,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The font
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ was originally designed for newspapers.
+ That means its glyphs are smaller than the one from other fonts to fit
+ into the small newspaper columns.
+ Therefore
+\family sans
+Times
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\family default
+ is not the optimal choice for larger documents like books.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The best solution is to use the
+\family typewriter
+Latin Modern
+\family default
+ fonts.
+ These fonts are developed in order of the LaTeX community to replace
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+ as default font.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+For the font size there are four possible values:
+\family sans
+default, 10
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+11
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+12
+\family default
+.
+ The size of
+\family sans
+default
+\family default
+ depends on your LaTeX-system, normally it is equal to the font size 10.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font sizes are the
+\emph on
+base size
+\emph default
+.
+ LyX actually scales all other possible font sizes (such as those used in
+ footnotes, super-, and subscripts) by this value.
+ You can fine-tune the font size of text parts via the
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog if needed.
+ The possible font sizes for text parts are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ When you choose a new font or font size, LyX does
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ change the screen font! You will only see a difference in the printed output;
+ this is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ LyX's screen fonts can be adjusted in the
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Screen-Fonts"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Using Different Character Styles
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Character Styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
+ certain paragraph environments.
+ LyX supports two character styles,
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+.
+ You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
+ toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To activate the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style, do one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-noun.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+use the key binding
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These commands are all toggles.
+ That is, if
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style is already active, they deactivate it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+One typically uses the
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ style for proper names.
+ For example:
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\noun on
+Matthias Ettrich
+\noun default
+ is the original author of LyX.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A more widely used character style is the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style.
+ You can activate (or deactivate - it's also a toggle) the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style by:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+clicking on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-emph.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+using the keybindings
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+e
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or LaTeX-packag
+es use a different font.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We've been using the
+\family sans
+Emphasized
+\family default
+ style all over the place in this document.
+ Here's one more example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quotation
+
+\emph on
+Don't overuse character styles!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It's also a warning in addition to an example.
+ One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
+ Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
+ the common tendency to overuse character style.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ or the dialog
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fine-Tuning with the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Text Style
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX
+ gives you a way to create custom character style.
+ For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
+ requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
+ Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
+ from ordinary dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
+ warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Documents that overuse different fonts and sizes are not well readable and
+ tend to look like someone has knocked huge holes in it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use custom character styles, open the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ There are several boxes on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+ font property which you can choose.
+ You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\family default
+, which keeps the current state of that property.
+ The item
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+ will reset the property to whatever is the default.
+ You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
+ environments in a snap.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+change
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Reset
+\family default
+) are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Family
+\family default
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+overall look
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the font.
+ The possible options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Roman
+\family default
+ This is the Roman font family.
+ Normally a serif font.
+ It's also the default family.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+r
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LaTeX-command prevents text to be broken at the end of a line.
+ It is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Hyphenation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Serif
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+This is the Sans Serif font family.
+
+\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+s
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+
+\family typewriter
+This is the Typewriter font family.
+
+\family default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+p
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Series
+\family default
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
+
+\series default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Shape
+\family default
+ As the name implies.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Upright
+\family default
+ This is the Upright font shape.
+ It's also the default shape.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Italic
+\family default
+
+\shape italic
+This
+\shape default
+
+\family sans
+\shape italic
+i
+\family default
+s the Italic font shape
+\shape default
+\emph on
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Slanted
+\family default
+
+\shape slanted
+This is the Slanted font shape
+\shape default
+ (although it might not be visible in LyX, this is different from italic).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Caps
+\family default
+
+\shape smallcaps
+This is the Small caps font shape
+\shape default
+\noun on
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Size
+\family default
+ Alters the size of the font.
+ You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
+nal to the document font size.
+ Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
+ what you want to do.
+ The options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Tiny
+\family default
+
+\size tiny
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Tiny
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+t
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Smallest
+\family default
+
+\size scriptsize
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Smallest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size
+\size default
+.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Smaller
+\family default
+
+\size footnotesize
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Smaller
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+S
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+3
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Small
+\family default
+
+\size small
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Small
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+s
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+4
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Normal
+\family default
+ This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Normal
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+ It's also the default size.
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+5
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Large
+\family default
+
+\size large
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Large
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+l
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+6
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Larger
+\family default
+
+\size larger
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Larger
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+S-L
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+7
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Largest
+\family default
+
+\size largest
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Largest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+8
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Huge
+\family default
+
+\size huge
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Huge
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+h
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+9
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Huger
+\family default
+
+\size giant
+This is the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Huger
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font size.
+
+\size default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+H
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+0
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+We'll warn you
+\emph on
+yet again
+\emph default
+: don't go crazy with this feature.
+ You should almost never need to change the font size.
+ LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
+ - use that instead.
+ This is here for fine-tuning only!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Misc
+\family default
+ Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+ This might seem like the same as
+\shape italic
+Italic
+\shape default
+, but it is actually a bit different.
+ Emphasized is a
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+ attribute.
+ That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
+ text.
+ Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Underbar
+\family default
+
+\bar under
+This is text with Underbar on.
+
+\bar default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+mbox{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+u
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+)
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a holdover from the typewriter days,
+ when you couldn't change fonts.
+ We no longer need to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ It's only included in LyX because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+
+\noun on
+This is text with Noun on.
+
+\noun default
+ Like
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+, this is a logical attribute.
+ Normally it's equivalent to
+\family sans
+Small
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Caps
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Color
+\family default
+ You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
+ Notice that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Besides
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+color
+\family default
+, which is the default
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+color
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and means normally black, you can choose between
+\family sans
+Black
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+White
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Red
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Green
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Blue
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Cyan
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Magenta
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Yellow
+\family default
+ text.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! Text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
+ the language of the document.
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ (only within LyX).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
+ Once you've chosen a new character style via the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog, the settings are saved.
+ You can activate them using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/textstyle-apply.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style even
+ when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+\family sans
+M-c
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
+ (suppose you just set the shape to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+slanted
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and the series to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+), set the
+\family sans
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+all
+\family default
+ switch and press
+\family sans
+Apply
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You should also know something about the differences between the three main
+ font types
+\family sans
+serif
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, that means every character has the same width, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+phantom{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+no
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:More-Spaces"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Serif
+\family default
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at all ends of of the streaks that form the character.
+ The following example will show the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Serifs facilitates an easy and fast reading.
+ They are therefore used as default font (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ don't use serifs.
+ This font type is therefore often used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We conclude with the same warning once again: Don't overuse the fonts.
+ They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Printing and Previewing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Overview
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now that we've covered some of the basic features of document preparation
+ using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
+ Before we tell you that, we want to give you a quick explanation of what
+ goes on behind-the-scenes.
+ We cover these informations in much greater detail in the
+\emph on
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual as well.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX uses the program LaTeX as its backend.
+ LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system, but to prevent
+ confusion, we'll only refer to LaTeX.
+ LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
+ Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
+ This happens in two stages:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
+ generating a file with the extension,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+ file to produce printable output.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Output file formats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+ASCII
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! ASCII
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.txt
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It contains your document as plain text following the rules of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+American Standard Code for Information Interchange
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (ASCII).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to ASCII by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ASCII
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! Latex@LaTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.tex
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and contains all commands that are necessary for the LaTeX program to process
+ your document.
+ If you know LaTeX, you can use it to find out LaTeX-Errors or to process
+ it manually with console commands.
+ The LaTeX-file is automatically created in LyX's temporary directory whenever
+ you view or export your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document as LaTeX-file using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+DVI
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! DVI
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.dvi
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It is called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+device-independent
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (DVI), because it is completely portable; you can move them from one machine
+ to another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
+ At the time when this file-format was developed, this was no matter of
+ course.
+ DVIs are used for quick previews and as pre-stage for other output formats,
+ like PostScript.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ The DVI file doesn't contain images, they will only be a linked.
+ So don't forget to deliver the images together with your DVIs.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+This property can also slow down your computer when you view the DVI.
+ Because the DVI-viewer has to convert the image in the background to make
+ it visible when you scroll in the DVI.
+ So we recommend to use PDF for files with many images.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to DVI by the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PostScript
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PostScript
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.ps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ PostScript was developed by the company
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as printer language.
+ The file contains therefore commands that the printer uses to print the
+ file.
+ PostScript can be seen as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+programming language
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+; you can calculate with it and draw diagrams and images.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you are interested to learn more about this, have a look at the LaTeX-package
+
+\series bold
+pstricks
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! pstricks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Due to this ability, the files are often bigger than PDFs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PostScript can only contain images in the format
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As LyX allows you to use any known image format in your document, it has
+ to convert them in the background to EPS.
+ If you have e.g 50 images in your document, LyX has to do 50 conversions
+ whenever you view or export your document.
+ This will slow down your workflow with LyX drastically.
+ So if you plan to use PostScript, you can insert your images directly as
+ EPS to avoid this problem.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PostScript using the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PostScript
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+PDF
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats ! PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file type has the extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF) is developed by
+\family typewriter
+Adobe
+\family default
+ as derivative from PostScript.
+ It is more compressed and it uses much less commands than PostScript.
+ As the name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+portable
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ implies, it can be processed at any computer system and the printed output
+ looks exactly the same.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+PDF can contain images in its own PDF format and in the formats
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ You can although use any other image format, because LyX converts them
+ in the background to one of these formats.
+ But as described in the section about PostScript, the image conversion
+ will slow down your workflow.
+ So we recommend to use images in one of the three mentioned formats.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can export your document to PDF via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export
+\family default
+ in three different ways:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ps2pdf
+\family default
+ that creates a PDF from a PostScript-version of your file.
+ The PostScript-version is produced by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ which uses a DVI-version as intermediate step.
+ So this export variant consist of three conversions.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(dvipdfm) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ that converts your file in the background to DVI and in a second step to
+ PDF.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex) This uses the program
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ that converts your file directly to PDF.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We recommend to use
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ because
+\family typewriter
+pdftex
+\family default
+ supports all features of actual PDF-versions, is quick and works stable
+ without problems.
+ The program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
+\family default
+ is no more under development and therefore a bit outdated.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Previewing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the pagebreaks
+ in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, use the menu
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ and choose a file type.
+ A viewing program will popup showing the output.
+ For
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ you can use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-d
+\family default
+), for
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_pdf2.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and for
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
+\family default
+ the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_ps.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-t
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you have changed your document, you can refresh the output in the same
+ viewer window using the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you preview a file, the output file is only generated in LyX's temporary
+ directory.
+ To have a real output, export your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printing the File from within LyX
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Printing-the-File"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Instead of exporting your file and then printing them, you can also print
+ it directly from within LyX.
+ To print a file, select the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Print
+\family default
+ or click on the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ LyX will internally call LaTeX to produce a DVI.
+ This file is then processed by the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ to PostScript-file, which is finally printed using the program
+\family typewriter
+Ghostscript
+\family default
+.
+ Due to these steps in the background, this method is not the fastest.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can choose to print only even-numbered or odd-numbered pages - this
+ is useful for printing on two sides: You can re-insert the pages after
+ printing one set to print on the other side.
+ Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
+ By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
+ of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can set the parameters in the
+\family sans
+Print
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Destination
+\family default
+ box as follows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Printer
+\family default
+ This is the name of the printer to print to.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that this printer name is for the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+.
+ That means
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ has to be configured for this printer name.
+ The default printer can be set in LyX's preferences dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Printer"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The printer should understand PostScript.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+File
+\family default
+ The name of a file to print to.
+ The output will be a PostScript file.
+ It will be written in LyX's working directory unless you specify the full
+ path.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+A few Words about Typography
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphens
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphens
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Hyphens"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In LyX, the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ character comes in three lengths, often called the
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+, the
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+, and the
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+hyphen
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+made with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+en dash
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+made with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+em dash
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+made with
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+/
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+minus sign
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $-$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ in math mode
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You generate them by inserting the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ character multiple times in a row.
+ They are automatically converted to the appropriate length dash in the
+ final output, but not in LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
+ math mode and has a length of its own.
+ Here are some examples of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+-
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ in use:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+line- and page-breaks
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+hyphen
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+From A--Z
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+en dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Oh --- there's a dash.
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+em dash
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+(
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyphenation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Hyphenation"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Words aren't hyphenated within LyX but automatically in the output.
+ Hyphenation is done by the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! babel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ following the rules of the document language
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For German readers: That's one of the main differences between the languages
+
+\family sans
+German
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+German
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(new
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+spelling)
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LaTeX hyphenates nearly perfectly, it has only problems with text in the
+ font
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ and with unusual constructs, like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+h3knix/m0n0wall
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If LaTeX can't break a word correctly, you can set hyphenation points manually.
+ This is done with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Point
+\family default
+.
+ These extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
+ If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will ignore them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you want to prevent words or constructs to be hyphenated.
+ The keybindings/shortcuts in this document consists of three letters with
+ a hyphen and a space in the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+A-b c
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ LaTeX finds there the hyphen
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as hyphenation possibility.
+ Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, we can put it in the argument
+ of the LaTeX-box-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mbox
+\series default
+, because text within LaTeX-boxes can't be hyphenated.
+ As LyX doesn't support
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mbox
+\series default
+, we have to use TeX Code.
+ The result looks in LyX like:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mbox.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To learn more about TeX Code, have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Punctuation Marks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Punctuation marks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Abbreviations and End of Sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
+ automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
+ LaTeX then adds the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+appropriate amount of space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ That means sentences get a little bit more space between the period and
+ the next word.
+ Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation works
+ not for all cases.
+ If a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
+ at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are some examples of
+\emph on
+correct
+\emph default
+ abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+M.
+ Butterfly
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Don't worry.
+ Be happy.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+And here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+ g.
+ this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I.
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To fix this problem, use one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ after lowercase abbreviations (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! inter-word
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use a
+\family sans
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Thin-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spaces ! thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sentence
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+period
+\family default
+ found under the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character
+\family default
+ menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
+ This function is also bound to
+\family sans
+C-period
+\family default
+ for easy access.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+this is too much space!
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+This is I\SpecialChar \@.
+ It's okay.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
+ If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry, because the
+ LaTeX will care about this.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
+ Check out the
+\family sans
+Check
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TeX
+\family default
+ feature described in section
+\emph on
+Checking TeX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Extended Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Quotes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Quotes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Quotes | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Quotes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
+ Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
+ and use a closing quote at the end.
+ For example,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+open close
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The keyboard character,
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+, generates this automatically.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the behavior of the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key using the submenu
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ of the dialog
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also select quotes for different languages in the box
+\family sans
+Type
+\family default
+ option.
+ There are six choices:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+single
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes srd
+\end_inset
+
+ or 'this
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes gld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes pld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
+
+Text
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Use quotes like
+\begin_inset Quotes ald
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+
+this
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These settings affects what character the
+\family sans
+"
+\family default
+ key produces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Ligatures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
+.
+ Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too
+ in the output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ To break a ligature, use
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break.
+
+\family default
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorffest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LyX's Proper Names
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Proper names
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You have surely noticed, that the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appears always with characters in different size and height.
+ LaTeX is the name of the program used by LyX and is therefore recognized
+ as proper name when you type it in LyX as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The braces in TeX Code are here to avoid that the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+command
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appear as proper name in the output, see the last paragraph of this section.
+ To create proper names omit the TeX Code.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Note the order of the upper-and lowercase letters! LyX recognizes the following
+ proper names:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX The name of the game, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+L
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+yX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+TeX The program used by LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+T
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX The program used by LyX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX2e The actual version of LaTeX, write
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX2e
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to produce it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the LaTeX-version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It's an old tradition in the TeX-world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of TeX converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
+
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+TeX-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+TeX-3.14159
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't want to use proper names, e.g.
+ in section headings, you can insert two empty braces in TeX Code in the
+ word.
+ This will look in LyX like:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/LaTeX.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For more about TeX Code, look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Units
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for units use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+C-S-Space
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example to show the differences:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+
+h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+space between number and unit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
+
+h
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Widows"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
+ for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
+ of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
+ of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
+ to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
+ This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
+ or how you can tweak that behavior.
+ Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
+
+\end_inset
+
+] may have more information.
+ You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Floats-and-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note This note type is for internal notes that won't appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it appears as LaTeX-comm
+ent, when you export the document to LaTeX via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX (pdflatex) / (plain)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as comment in LaTeX-files.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Out This note will appear in the output as grey text.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the greyed out note color is redefined to blue.
+ How this can be done is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of a comment that appears in the output as grey text.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+As you can see in the example, the first line of greyed out notes is a bit
+ indented and greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ scale 85
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note
+\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the appearing note box to select the note type.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Footnotes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the
+ menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you'll see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ the following box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnoteQt4.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again, will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply mark it and click
+ on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here's an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by LyX, the numbers are consecutive,
+ no matter in which chapter the footnote is in.
+ LyX doesn't support other numbering schemes yet, but you can get another
+ scheme using special LaTeX-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
+\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you'll see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+ grey
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with a
+\family default
+\series default
+ red
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+margin
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is LyX's representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the side is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a marginal note.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin -- left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Graphics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Graphics"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX and LyX options
+\family default
+ tab LaTeX experts can specify additional LaTeX options.
+ You can also specify here the appearance of the image inside LyX.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Don't
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+unzip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+export
+\family default
+ is explained in the
+\emph on
+EmbeddedObjects
+\emph default
+ manual in section
+\emph on
+Graphics Dialog
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ The image will appear in the output exactly at the position where it is
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ scale 70
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions and want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Image formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ LyX uses therefore the program
+\family typewriter
+Imagemagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ you can use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixeled in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Graphics Interchange Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (GIF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.gif
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+GIF|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Network Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PNG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.png
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PNG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (JPG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is necessary if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ We say it can be, because you can convert any bitmap image format to PDF
+ or EPS and the result won't be scalable.
+ In this cases only a header with the image properties is added to the original
+ image
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In the case of PDF, the original image is additionally compressed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally one can't convert a bitmap image into a scalable one, only vice
+ versa.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Tables
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Tables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a table using either the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ scale 85
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
+ from the rest of the table.
+ This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
+ have a line below them and the cells of the second row have a line above
+ them.
+ Here's an example table:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\size normal
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Table dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
+ brings up the table dialog.
+ Here you can adjust the settings of the cell and row/column respectively
+ where the cursor is placed currently.
+ Most of the dialog options also work on selections.
+ This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
+ done on all of your selection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Additionally to the table dialog the
+\family sans
+table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears when the cursor is inside a table, helps you in setting table
+ properties.
+ It is for example currently only possible to add
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+delete lines via the table toolbar.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ of the table dialog you can set the alignment for the current row.
+ If you add a row or column, it will be inserted right beside or below the
+ current cell respectively.
+ The vertical alignment of a column can only be adjusted when a column width
+ is given.
+ A given width will allow the cell to have line breaks and multiple paragraphs
+ of text, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-Cells"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can mark multiple cells of one row as a multicolumn cell using the check
+ box
+\family sans
+Multicolumn
+\family default
+.
+ This will merge the cells to
+\emph on
+one
+\emph default
+ cell, spread over more than one column.
+ Multicolumn cells are treated as own rows, so that the alignment, width,
+ and border settings affect only the multicolumn cell.
+ Here's an example table with a multicolumn cell in the first row and one
+ in the last row without the upper border:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="4">
+<features firstHeadTopDL="true" firstHeadBottomDL="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0in">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+abc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="middle" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+def ghi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+jkl
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the moment LyX doesn't support multirow cells.
+ Adept users can declare special LaTeX-arguments for the table.
+ They are necessary for special table formatting, like for multirow cells,
+ explained in the tables section of the
+\emph on
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ You can also rotate the current cell or the whole table 90
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+degrees counterclockwise.
+ These rotations are not visible in LyX but in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Most DVI-viewers are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ able to display rotations.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Borders
+\family default
+ tab allows you to add and delete border lines for the current row/column.
+ The button
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+ adds lines for all cell borders.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Longtables
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Longtables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Longtables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the table is too long to fit on one page, you can use the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+long
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
+\family default
+ in the tab
+\family sans
+Longtable
+\family default
+ of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
+ Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the first page, if
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
+ except for the last page, if
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+ is defined.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer
+\family default
+: The current row and all rows below, that don't have any special options
+ defined, are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also specify a row where the table is split.
+ If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
+ of the fact that only the first one is used in the given table row.
+ The others will then be defined as
+\emph on
+empty
+\emph default
+.
+ In this context, first means first in this order:
+\family sans
+Footer, Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+footer,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+Header,
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+First
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+header.
+
+\family default
+ See the following longtable to see how it works:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="69" columns="3">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="5cm">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Example Phone List (ignore the names)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endfirsthead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+NAME
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Example Phone List
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endhead="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+NAME
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+TEL.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+continue ...
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Annovi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Silvia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Bertoli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Stefano
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Bozzi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Walter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cachia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maria
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cachia
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Cinquemani
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giusi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Colin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bernard
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Concli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Gianfranco
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Dal Bosco
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Carolina
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Dalpiaz
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Annamaria
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Feliciello
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Domenico
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Focarelli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Galletti
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oreste
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Gasparini
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franca
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Rizzardi
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paola
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+111
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Lassini
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Giancarlo
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Meneguzzo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Mezzadra
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Roberto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Pirpamer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Erich
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Pochiesa
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paolo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555, 222
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Radina
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Claudio
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Stuffer
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Oskar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tacchelli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ugo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Tezzele
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Margit
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Unterkalmsteiner
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Frieda
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Vieider
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Vigna
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jürgen
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+999
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Weber
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maurizio
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Winkler
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Franz
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+555
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row endlastfoot="true">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="block" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+End
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table Cells
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tables ! Cells
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Table-Cells"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A table cell can contain text, inline equations, a figure, or another table.
+ All these kinds of objects can be placed in the same cell.
+ Font sizes and shapes can also be altered.
+ But you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
+\family sans
+Section*
+\family default
+, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
+ for the cell's paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To have multi-line entries in table cells, you have to declare a fixed width
+ for the column in the table dialog.
+ Your text is then automatically split into multiple lines and the cell
+ is enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given width.
+ An example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="3cm">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multiline entry in a table.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+6
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+7
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+This is a multiline entry in a table.
+ This is longer now.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+9
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cutting and pasting between tables and table cells works reasonably well.
+ You can cut and paste even more than one row.
+ Selection with the mouse or with
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ plus the arrow keys works as usual.
+ You can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit by starting
+ the selection from outside the table.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A float is a block of text associated with some sort of label, which doesn't
+ have a fixed location.
+ It can
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
+
+\family sans
+Footnotes
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\family default
+ are also floats, because they can float to the next page when there are
+ too much notes at the page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Floats makes it possible to get a high quality layout.
+ Images and tables can evenly be spread to the pages to avoid whitespace
+ and pages without text.
+ As the floating often destroys the context between the text and the image/table
+, every float can be referenced in the text.
+ Floats are therefore numbered.
+ Referencing is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert a float, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Floats
+\family default
+.
+ A box with a caption that has e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+#:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (# is the actual number) will be inserted into your document.
+ The label will automatically be translated to the document language in
+ the output.
+ Behind the label you can insert the caption text.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Captions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The image or table is inserted above or below the caption in a separate
+ paragraph within the float.
+ To keep your LyX-document readable, you can open and close the float box
+ by left-clicking on the box label.
+ A closed float box looks like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/floatQt4.png
+ scale 80
+
+\end_inset
+
+ -- a gray button with a red label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to insert floats as a separate paragraph to avoid possible
+ LaTeX-errors that can occur when the surrounding text is specially formatted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float Types
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Figure Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Figure floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Figure-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Figure
+\family default
+ inserts a float with the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+#:
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Set the cursor above this label (or before it and press enter) and insert
+ the image as described above to get the caption printed below the image.
+ This is what we did for Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ If you want the caption to be above the image, set the cursor at the end
+ of the caption, press enter and insert the image.
+ This was done in Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Escher"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ width 50col%
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Escher"
+
+\end_inset
+
+M.C.
+ Escher on acid.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ scale 80
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This figure float show also how to set a label and create a cross-reference
+ to it.
+ As described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you can simply insert a label in the caption using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ and refer to it using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
+\family default
+.
+ It is important to use references to figure floats, rather than using vague
+ references like
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+the figure above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, because as LaTeX will reposition the floats in the final document; it
+ might not be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+above
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ at all.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally only one image is inserted to a figure float, but sometimes you
+ might want to use two images with separate subcaptions.
+ This can be done by inserting image floats into existing image floats.
+ Note that only the main caption of the float is added to the List of Figures.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an example of a figure float with two images set side by side.
+ You can also set the images one below the other.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are the subfigures.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Undefinable"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Undefinable
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ width 45col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Float figure
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "fig:Platypus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Platypus
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ lyxscale 60
+ width 45col%
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Two distorted images.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the caption is added to the
+\family sans
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Figures
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Table Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Table floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Table-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table floats can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+.
+ They have the same properties as figure floats except of the different
+ label.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an example of a table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Table-float"
+
+\end_inset
+
+A table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Joe
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Mary
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ted
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+a & b\\
+c & d\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Algorithm Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Algorithm floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This float type is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Algorithm
+\family default
+.
+ It is used for program codes and descriptions of algorithms.
+ A possible environment for algorithms is the
+\family sans
+LyX-Code
+\family default
+, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LyX-Code"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ that the float label is not automatically translated into the document
+ language.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ You have to do this manually by adding the following line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+floatname{algorithm}{your
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+name}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+to the document preamble (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+).
+
+\series bold
+your
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+name
+\series default
+ is the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+algorithm
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in your language.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Wrap Floats
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Text Wrap Floats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Wrap-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Wrap figure
+lines 0
+placement l
+overhang 0in
+width "40col%"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/mobius.eps
+ width 40col%
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Wrapped-figure"
+
+\end_inset
+
+This is a wrapped figure.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+This float type is used if you want to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+wrap
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ text around a figure so that it only occupies some fraction of the column
+ width.
+ It can be inserted using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Wrap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Float
+\family default
+ if the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+wrapfig
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is installed.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Installing a LaTeX-package is explained it in the
+\emph on
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Configuration
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The width and placement of the float is adjusted by right-clicking on the
+ float box.
+ Figure
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Wrapped-figure"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is for example a figure wrap float with a width of 40
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+col%.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Available units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Some space was added under the caption to separate it better from the surroundi
+ng text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Wrap floats might be fragile! E.g.
+ having a figure too close to the bottom of the page can mess things up
+ in the way that the float doesn't appear in the output or that it is placed
+ over some other text.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ In general:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats should not be placed in paragraphs that run over a page break.
+ That means that wrap floats should better be inserted to the exact place
+ when the document is nearly ready and you are able to estimate where page
+ breaks will appear.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats should either be placed in an own paragraph before the paragraph
+ where they should wrap into or within a paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats in consecutive paragraphs may cause troubles, so assure that
+ there is a text paragraph between them as separator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Wrap floats are not allowed in section headings or tables.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Rotated Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Rotated-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Rotating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Especially for wide tables you might have floats rotated.
+ To rotate a whole float including the caption, right-click on the float-box
+ and use the option
+\family sans
+Rotate
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sideways
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Rotated floats are always placed on its own page (or column, in case you
+ have a multi-column document).
+ You can let them span several columns using the float settings option
+\family sans
+Span
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+columns
+\family default
+.
+ Floats are rotated so that you can read them from the outside margin.
+ Forcing the rotation direction is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Referencing rotated floats is the same like for normal floats, the caption
+ format is also the same: Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Rotated-table"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is an example of a rotated table float.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Not all DVI-viewers are able to display rotated floats.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways true
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Rotated-table"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Rotated table
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="5">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+test
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+b
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+c
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+d
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+e
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float Placement
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Float-Placement"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats ! Placement
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Right-clicking on a float-box opens a dialog where you can alter the placement
+ options that LaTeX uses for positioning the float.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The option
+\family sans
+Span
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+columns
+\family default
+ is only useful for two-column documents: If you select it, the float will
+ span across both columns on the page instead of being confined to just
+ one.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The option
+\family sans
+Rotate
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+sideways
+\family default
+ is used to rotate floats, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Rotated-Floats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use one ore more of the following options in the float dialog to
+ set the placement for a particular float when you uncheck the option
+\family sans
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+placement
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+if
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+possible: try to place the float on the position where it is inserted
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page: try to place the float on the top of the current page
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bottom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page: try to place the float on the bottom of the current page
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+floats: try to place the float on an own page
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The order of the above option is
+\emph on
+always
+\emph default
+ used by LaTeX.
+ That means, if you use the default placement, LaTeX will first try out
+
+\family sans
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+if
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+possible
+\family default
+, then
+\family sans
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\family default
+, and then the others.
+ If you don't use the default, LaTeX will try only the checked options but
+ in the same order.
+ If none of the 4 placements are possible the procedure is internally repeated
+ but it is tried to put the float on the following page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, each options has its own rules:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Top
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\family default
+ only floats occupying less than 70
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+% of the page can be placed at the top of a page
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Bottom
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+page
+\family default
+: only floats occupying less than 30
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+% of the page can be placed at the bottom of a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+floats
+\family default
+: only if more than 50
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+% of the page are occupied by floats, several floats can be set together
+ on a page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you don't like these rules, you can ignore them by using the additional
+ option
+\family sans
+Ignore
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+rules
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes you might need, under all circumstances, a float to be placed
+ exactly at the position where it is inserted.
+ For this case you can use the option
+\family sans
+Here
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+definitely
+\family default
+.
+ Use this option very rarely and only if the document is nearly ready to
+ be printed.
+ Because the float is then no longer able to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+float
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ when you change your document and this will often destroy the page layout.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are no placement options for text wrap floats, because they are always
+ surrounded by the text of a certain paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For more details about float placements, have a look at LaTeX books like
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Minipages
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Minipages
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Minipages"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LaTeX provides a mechanism to produce essentially a page within a page,
+ called minipage.
+ Within a minipage, all the usual rules of indentation, line wrapping, etc.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+apply.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Minipages in LyX have their own collapsible box inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Box
+\family default
+.
+ Right-clicking on the box allows you to alter the width of the minipage
+ and its alignment within the page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "30col%"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+This is a minipage.
+ The text is set in an italic style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\shape italic
+Minipages are often used for text in another language or text that needs
+ another formatting.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+If you place two minipages side-by-side, you can use
+\family sans
+Horizontal Fills
+\family default
+ as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+width "1.5in"
+special "none"
+height "1pt"
+height_special "totalheight"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a minipage with some stupid dummy text.
+ This dummy text is used to increase the size of the minipage.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you right-click on a minipage box, you can change the box from a minipage
+ to other box types.
+ All box types and their settings are explained in detail in chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Mathematical Formulas
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formulas | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you'll also find tips and tricks for special cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Basic Math Editing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Basics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ That will create a little blue rectangle, with purple markers around its
+ corners.
+ That blue rectangle is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate
+ what level of nesting within the formula you are at.
+ You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Editing the parameters of a formula and adding math constructs can be done
+ with the
+\family sans
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+, that appears when the cursor is in a formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two main types of formulas: Inline formulas appear within a text
+ line, like this one:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with an inline formula
+\begin_inset Formula $A=B$
+\end_inset
+
+ in it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Displayed formulas appear outside the text like as they were in an own paragraph
+, like this one:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+A=B\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+You can only number and reference displayed formulas.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports also many LaTeX math commands.
+ E.g.
+ typing
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+alpha
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, followed by a space, in a formula will create the Greek letter
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ So typing commands might sometimes be faster than using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Navigating in Formulas
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Navigating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The best control over the cursor position within an existing formula is
+ achieved with the arrow keys.
+ LyX uses small rectangles to indicate places where something can be inserted.
+ The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ will leave a formula construct (a square root
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, or parentheses
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+, or a matrix
+\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4\end{array}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Pressing
+\family sans
+Escape
+\family default
+ will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
+
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
+ cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+, printed in this document as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command will appear in the output as official character denoting the
+ space character (visible space).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, seems to do nothing in a formula, since it does not add a space between
+ characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
+ For this reason, you have to be careful about using
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+.
+ For example, if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2x+1
+\series default
+ and not
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+2x
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
++1
+\series default
+, since in the latter case only the
+\family typewriter
+
+\begin_inset Formula $2x$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ will be under the square root sign:
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
+ in, such as:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+\lambda_{1}\\
+ & \ddots\\
+ & & \lambda_{n}\end{array}\right)\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
+ in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Selecting Text
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
+ Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+ and a cursor movement key to select text.
+ It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
+ Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
+ That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula,
+ but not in a normal text region in LyX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Exponents and Subscripts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Exponents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Subscripts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can use the math panel to add super- or subscripts, but the much easier
+ way is to use a command.
+ To get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type in a formula
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+ The final
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression.
+ If you type
+\series bold
+x^2y
+\series default
+, you will get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
+\end_inset
+
+, to get
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^2
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+y
+\series default
+.
+ If you use characters in the superscript, that could be accented with the
+ hat
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+^
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, you have to use an extra
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ to separate the hat and the character.
+ E.g.
+ if you want
+\begin_inset Formula $x^{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+x^
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+.
+ Subscripts are similar: To get
+\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
+\end_inset
+
+, type
+\series bold
+a_1
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Fractions
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Fractions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Create a fraction with either the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+frac
+\series default
+ or using the icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/frac.png
+ scale 60
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+.
+ You will be presented with an empty fraction.
+ The cursor is above the fraction line.
+ To move it to the bottom, simply press
+\family sans
+Down
+\family default
+.
+ To move back up, press
+\family sans
+Up
+\family default
+.
+ Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
+2 & 3\\
+4 & 5\end{array}\right)}\right]\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Roots
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Roots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Roots can be created using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+.
+ With the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+root
+\series default
+ you can produce roots of higher orders, like cube roots, while
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sqrt
+\series default
+ produces always a square root.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Operators with Limits
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Sums
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Integrals
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sum (
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+\end_inset
+
+) and integral (
+\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+\end_inset
+
+) operators are very often decorated with limits.
+ These limits can be entered in LyX by entering them as you would enter
+ a super- or subscript, directly after the symbol.
+ The sum operator will automatically place its
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ over and under the symbol in displayed formulas, and on the side in inline
+ formulas.
+ Such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+\end_inset
+
+, versus
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+Integral signs, however, will place the limits on the side in both formula
+ types.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All operators with limits will be automatically re-sized when placed in
+ display mode.
+ The placement of the limits can be changed by placing the cursor directly
+ behind the operator and hitting
+\family sans
+M-m l
+\family default
+ or using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Limits
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Type
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Certain other mathematical expressions have this
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+moving limits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ feature as addition, such as
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Limits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+which will place the
+\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+\end_inset
+
+ underneath the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lim
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in display mode.
+ In inline formulas it looks like this:
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the lim-function was entered as the function macro
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+lim
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation of function macros.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Symbols
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Most math symbols can be found in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ under one of several categories; including
+\family sans
+Greek
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Operators
+\family default
+ ,
+\family sans
+Relations
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Arrows
+\family default
+.
+ There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
+ Society (AMS).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you know the LaTeX-command for a construct or symbol you wish to use,
+ you don't have to use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+, but can type the command directly into the formula.
+ LyX will convert it to the corresponding symbol or construct.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Altering Spacing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Altering-Spacing"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You may want to create spaces that differs from the standard spacing that
+ LaTeX provides.
+ To do this, type
+\family sans
+C-Space
+\family default
+ or to use the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/space.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen.
+ Here a example for the sequence
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\, b$
+\end_inset
+
+ (appears in LyX as
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/SpaceMarker.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ You can change the space to different sizes when you set the cursor behind
+ the space marker and hit space again several times.
+ With every space hit the size will be changed.
+ Some markers for the space size appear red in LyX, because they are a negative
+ spaces.
+ Here two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+ and 3×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+a C-Space b
+\series default
+ and 5×
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $a\! b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Functions
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Functions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Functions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
+\family default
+ contains under the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/functions.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ a number of functions, such as
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\emph on
+etc
+\emph default
+.
+ (you can also insert them in a formula by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sin
+\series default
+ etc.).
+ Standard mathematical practice is, that functions are printed upright to
+ avoid confusions, because
+\begin_inset Formula $sin$
+\end_inset
+
+ does normally mean
+\begin_inset Formula $s·i·n$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Using the function macros will also produce correct spacing around the function:
+
+\begin_inset Formula $a\sin x$
+\end_inset
+
+ is different from
+\begin_inset Formula $asinx$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For some mathematical objects, like the limes, the macro changes the way
+ that subscripts are placed, like described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Operators-with-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Accents
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Accents
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
+ mode.
+ This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
+ You can also use LaTeX commands to e.g.
+ enter
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+ even if your keyboard doesn't have hat-accents enabled.
+ Our example is entered by typing
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+a
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ shows the equivalences between the accent names and the commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Accent-names-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+Accent names and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Name
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+E
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+xample
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+circumflex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hat
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+grave
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+acute
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+umlaut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+ddot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+tilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+dot
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+breve
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+caron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+check
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+macron
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+bar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vector
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+vec
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was our other example.
- As the example notes,
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- is for those people who use extra space to separate paragraphs.
- They should put quotes in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Those who use indentation to mark a new paragraph should use the
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- paragraph environment for quoted text.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\family sans
-Verse
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:verse"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
+You can choose one of the accents by selecting an item from the
\family sans
-Verse
+Frame
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+decorations
\family default
- is a paragraph environment for poetry, rhymes, verses, and so on.
- Here's an example:
+ symbol set button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/hat.png
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the math panel ; this will apply to any selection you have made within
+ a formula too.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-This is in Verse
-\newline
-Which I did not rehearse!
+\begin_layout Section
+Brackets and Delimiters
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Brackets
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-It could be much worse.
- This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
- around.
- It looks okay on screen, but in the printed version, the extra lines are
- indented a bit more than the first.
- Okay, so it's turned to prose and doesn't rhyme anymore.
- So sue me.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Delimiters
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-To break a line
-\newline
-And make things look fine
-\newline
-Use
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
-.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see,
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- does not indent both margins.
- Each stanza of the verse or poem is in its own paragraph.
- To separate the individual lines of a stanza, use the
+There are several brackets available through LyX.
+ For most purposes, using just the keys
\family typewriter
-break-line
+[]{}()|<>
\family default
- function,
+ should suffice.
+ But if you want to surround a large structure, like a matrix or a fraction,
+ or if you have several layers of brackets, is better using
\family sans
-C-Return
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
\family default
+'s delimiter icon
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/delim.png
+
+\end_inset
+
.
-\end_layout
+ For example, that's how you would construct the brackets around a standard
+ matrix such as:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left[\begin{array}{cc}
+1 & 2\\
+3 & 4\end{array}\right]\]
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Lists
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:parenvlists"
+\end_inset
+
+and to make it easier to see the layers of parentheses as in:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
- of lists.
- In the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments, LyX labels your list items with bullets or numbers, respectively.
- In the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environments, LyX lets you provide your own label.
- We'll present the individual details of each type of list next after describing
- some general features of all four of them.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-General Features
+The parentheses, and other brackets from that menu will automatically re-size
+ to accommodate the size of what is inside.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
- in several ways.
- First, LyX treats each paragraph as a list item.
- Hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset the environment to
+To construct brackets click on the button for the bracket you want on the
+ left side and right side.
+ If you use the option
\family sans
-Standard
+Keep
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+matched
\family default
- but keeps the current environment and creates a new list item.
- The nesting depth is typically reset, however.
- If you want to keep both the current nesting depth and paragraph environment,
- you should use
+, the selected bracket type will be used for the left and the right side.
+ The selection will be shown below the button field.
+ If you want one side to not have a bracket, use the blank button.
+ It will appear in LyX with a dotted line, but nothing will be printed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to place brackets around math structures, like a square root,
+ you can do that by highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to go
+ inside the brackets.
+ Then choose the appropriate brackets for left and right and click on
\family sans
-M-Return
+Insert
\family default
- to break paragraphs.
+.
+ The parentheses will be drawn around the selected structure.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
- In fact, LyX changes the labels on some list items depending on how its
- nested.
- If you intend to use any of the list paragraph environments, we suggest
- you read all of section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+The next section explains how to insert a LaTeX
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+{
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-
+ for grouping.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_layout Section
+Grouping
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Grouping
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Grouping"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The first type of list we'll describe in detail is the
-\family sans
-Itemize
+You may need to group a set of symbols.
+ In LaTeX, for example, the typesetting of
+\family typewriter
+{x^y}^z
\family default
- paragraph environment.
- It has the following properties:
+ is different from
+\family typewriter
+x^{y^z}
+\family default
+:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+{x^{y}}^{z}\quad\mathrm{differs\; from}\quad x^{y^{z}}\]
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The items can be any length.
- LyX automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
- The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list may be in.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you nest an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment inside another
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, the label changes to a new symbol.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create this grouping, you need to use the key sequence
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX always shows the same symbol, an asterisk, on screen.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Itemize
-See section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\backslash
+{
+\series default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- for a full explanation of nesting.
+ then type space.
+ Inside LyX, you will see red braces indicating the grouping.
+ Within this braces you insert the grouped structure.
+ The grouping braces won't appear in the output in contrary to normal braces.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- The
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment is best suited for lists where the order doesn't matter.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Arrays and Multi-line Equations
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
- Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
- Note that those of you reading this manual online won't see any difference.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Arrays
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the first level
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- is a large black dot, or bullet.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the second level is a dash.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the third is an asterisk.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Matrices
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back out to the third level.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back to the second level.
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Back to the outermost level.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These are the default labels for an
+Matrices are entered in LyX using the
\family sans
-Itemize
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
\family default
- list.
- You can customize these labels in the
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ matrix button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/matrix.png
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+.
+ It will open a dialog for you to choose the number of rows/columns.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 2 & 3\\
+4 & 5 & 6\\
+7 & 8 & 9\end{array}\right)\]
-\backslash
-linebreak
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog in the
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Brackets-and-Delimiters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ When you construct the matrix, you can decide whether the column entries
+ will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
+ This alignment is set in the box
\family sans
-Bullets
+Horizontal
\family default
- tab.
-\end_layout
+ with the letters
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
- We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
- in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\family sans
+l
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- Be sure to read it!
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
\family sans
-Enumerate
+r
\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:enumerate"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+c
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ LyX proposes a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
\family sans
-Enumerate
+c
\family default
- environment is the tool to use to create numbered lists and outlines.
- It has these properties:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Each item has a numeral as its label.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The type of numeral depends on the nesting depth.
-\end_layout
+ for every column as default.
+ For example, the sequence
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-LyX automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Each new
\family sans
-Enumerate
+lrc
\family default
- environment resets the counter to one.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
+ centered, and the third column will be right-justified, because each letter
+ corresponds to the relevant column.
+ The result will look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin{array}{lcr}
+this & this\, column & this\, column\\
+column & has & has\, right\\
+has\, left\, alignment & center\, alignment & alignment\end{array}.\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Like the
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can add more rows to an existing matrix by hitting
\family sans
-Itemize
+C-Enter
\family default
- environment, the
+ while the cursor is in the matrix.
+ Adding or deleting columns can be done via the menu
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
\family default
- environment:
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
- Items can be any length.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are other arrays used in formulas, such as distinctions of cases.
+ It can be created with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
-\end_layout
+Environment
+\family default
+ or the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cases
+\series default
+.
+ Here an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+-1 & x<0\\
+0 & x=0\\
+1 & x>0\end{cases}\]
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Unlike the
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Multi-line formulas are created when you press
\family sans
-Itemize
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
\family default
- environment,
+ within a formula.
+ In an empty formula you can see that three blue boxes appear, one for each
+ column.
+ When you press
\family sans
-Enumerate
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
\family default
-
-\emph on
-does
-\emph default
- show the different labels for each item.
- Here is how LyX labels the four different levels in an
+ in a non-empty formula, the part before the relation sign (equal sign
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ etc.) will be inserted automatically to the first column, the relation sign
+ is in the second column, and the rest in the third column.
+ A new row is created by every further hit of
\family sans
-Enumerate
+\series medium
+C-E
+\series default
+nter
\family default
-:
-\end_layout
+.
+ Multi-line formulas are always displayed formulas.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+a^{2} & = & (b^{2}+c^{2})(b^{2}-c^{2})\nonumber \\
+a & = & \sqrt{b^{4}-c^{4}}\label{eq:asquared}\end{eqnarray}
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The first level of an
+\end_inset
+
+ To change the column assignment of the formula parts, place the cursor
+ where you want to start the shift and hit
\family sans
-Enumerate
+C-Tab.
+
\family default
- uses Arabic numerals followed by a period.
-\end_layout
+ It shifts everything in the column which is right beside the current cursor
+ position to the next column.
+ Note that the middle column is designed for relation signs, structures
+ within this column will be printed in a smaller size:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B} & \frac{A}{B}\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The multi-line formula type described here is called
+\family typewriter
+\series medium
+eqnarray
+\family default
+\series default
+.
+ There are other multi-line types being more suitable for certain situations,
+ for example if you want a better inter-line spacing than in formula (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:asquared"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The other types are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
- increases.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the third level
+.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the second level.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Formula Numbering and Referencing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back to the outermost level.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Formula numbering
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once again, you can customize the type of numbering used in the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
- It involves adding commands to the LaTeX preamble (see the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual), however.
- As stated earlier, such customization only shows up in the printed version,
- not on the LyX screen.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is more to nesting
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environments than we've stated here.
- You
-\emph on
-really
-\emph default
- should read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- to learn more about nesting.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Referencing formulas
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:descrlist"
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Unlike the previous two environments, the
+To number a formula, set the cursor in the formula and use the menu
\family sans
-Description
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Numbering
\family default
- list has no fixed label.
- Instead, LyX uses the first
+ or the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
+\family default
+.
+ The formula number appears in LyX as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-word
+#
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- of the first line as the label.
- Here's an example:
-\end_layout
+ within parentheses.
+ The
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-Example: This is an example of the
+#
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ denotes, that the number will be calculated automatically when the output
+ is generated.
+ The placement and format of the formula number in the output depends on
+ the document class.
+ In this document the number is printed together with the chapter number,
+ separated by a dot:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+1+1=2\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Using
\family sans
-Description
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
\family default
- environment.
+ in a numbered formula will switch off the numbering.
+ You can only number displayed formulas.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
- rest of the line.
-\end_layout
+Multi-line formulas can be numbered line by line: Using the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toggle
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now, you're probably wondering what we mean by,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Numbering
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-uses the first 'word'.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- The
-\family sans
-Space
+Line
\family default
- key does not add a whitespace character, but separates words from one another.
- Inside of a
+ or the shortcut
\family sans
-Description
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+N
\family default
- environment, the
+ will only toggle the numbering of the line where the cursor is in:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+1 & = & 3-2\\
+2 & = & 4-2\nonumber \\
+4 & \leq & 7\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+To number all lines use the shortcut
\family sans
-Space
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+n
\family default
- key tells LyX to end the label if we're at the beginning of the first line
- of an item.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-However, what if you want or need to use more than one word in the label
- of a
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Every displayed formula can be referenced by its number using a label.
+ A label is inserted with the menu
\family sans
-Description
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\family default
- environment? Simple: use a
+ when the cursor is in the formula.
+ This opens a dialog to enter the label.
+ It is recommended to use the proposed
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
-Protected Blank
+eq:
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as first part of the label, because this helps later to identify the label
+ type when you have many labels in your document.
+ We inserted in the following example the label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+eq:tanhExp
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the second line:
+\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+\tanh(x) & = & \frac{\sinh(x)}{\cosh(x)}\nonumber \\
+ & = & \frac{\mathrm{e}^{2x}-1}{\mathrm{e}^{2x}+1}\label{eq:tanhExp}\end{eqnarray}
+
+\end_inset
+
+Every labeled line is automatically numbered.
+ Therefore the label is shown in LyX at the place of the formula number
+ placeholder
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+#
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
.
- [Use either
-\family sans
-C-Space
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-P
-\bar under
-r
-\bar default
-otected\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- from the
+ You can reference a labeled formula using the menu
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Reference
\family default
- menu.
- See sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:hspace"
+.
+ A dialog appears to choose a label you want refer to.
+ The reference appears in LyX as grey cross reference box and in the output
+ as the formula number:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a cross-reference to equation (
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
\end_inset
- for more info.] Here's an example:
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Second\InsetSpace ~
-Example: This one shows how to use a
-\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-Blank
-\family default
- in the label of a
+\begin_layout Standard
+The properties of LyX's cross-reference box are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To delete a label, set the cursor in the labeled formula, use the menu
+
\family sans
-Description
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\family default
- list item.
+ and delete the label in the appearing dialog.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is a unintuitive and will be fixed in the next version of LyX.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Usage: You should use the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment for things like definitions and theorems.
- Use it when you need to make one word in particular stand out in the text
- that describes it.
- It's not a good idea to use a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment when you have an entire sentence that you want to describe.
- You're better off using
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and nesting several
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraphs into them.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Nesting: You can, of course, nest
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
- so on.
+\begin_layout Section
+User defined math macros
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Macros
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice that after the first line, LyX indents subsequent lines, offsetting
- them from the first line.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:math-macros"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-The LyX
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX allows you to define macros for formulas.
+ For example we assume that solutions of the quadratic equation often occur
+ in our document in various forms and we want to create a macro to print
+ them.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The general form of a quadratic equation is:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+The general form of its solution is:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:lyxlist"
+\begin_layout Standard
+The macro should print the parameters
+\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
+\end_inset
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $q$
+\end_inset
+ like in the equation above.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment is a LyX extension to LaTeX.
-
+A macro is created by executing the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now, if you jumped here without reading sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:itemize"
+
+\series bold
+math-macro
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:descrlist"
+Name
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, you've goofed.
- The
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- create numbered lists.
- That's what
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- does, and it's documented in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:enumerate"
+Number
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-
+Arguments
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Like the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- environment the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment has user-defined labels for each list item.
- There are some key differences between this list environment and the other
- three:
+in the minibuffer at the bottom of the LyX screen.
+ Name is the name of the new macro which mustn't contain numbers.
+ The number of arguments can be a number in the range 1-9.
+ If you want to define a macro without arguments, don't declare the number
+ of arguments.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-item\InsetSpace ~
-labels LyX uses the first
+\begin_layout Standard
+We have three arguments and name the macro
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-word
+qE
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- of each line as the item label.
- The first
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- after the beginning of the first line of an item marks the end of the label.
- If you need to use more than one word in an item label, use a protected
- blank as described above.
+, so that the command is:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-margins As you can see, LyX uses different margins for the item label and
- the body of the item text.
- The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
- label width plus a little extra space.
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+math-macro
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-label\InsetSpace ~
-width LyX uses one of two things for the label width: the actual width
- of the label, or the default width, whichever is larger.
- If the actual width is larger, then the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-extends
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+qE
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
- into the first line.
- In other words, the text of the first line isn't aligned with the left
- margin of the rest of the item text.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-default\InsetSpace ~
-width You can very easily set this default width.
- It's quite painless, actually.
- So, you can easily ensure that the text of all items in a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment have the same left margin.
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-uses You should use the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment the same way you'd use as
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- list: when you need one word to stand out from the text that describes
- it.
- The
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment gives you another way to do this, using a different overall
- layout.
+\end_inset
+
+3
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-nesting You can nest
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environments inside one another, nest them in other types of lists, and
- so on.
- They work just like the other list paragraph environments.
- Read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\begin_layout Standard
+This results in the following macro definition box:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrobox.png
\end_inset
- to learn about nesting.
+
+\begin_inset FormulaMacro
+\newcommand{\qE}[3]{#1_{1,\,2}=-\frac{#2}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
+{\textrm{qE: }#1\textrm{ , }#2\textrm{ , }#3}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The first box is an image to show the behavior in the output.
+ The second one is the definition box, that doesn't appear in the output.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, this is a feature-packed paragraph environment!
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To change the default width of the label, select the items in the list to
- change.
- You can also simply move the cursor into a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- item if you want to change only its label width.
- Now open the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog and find the
-\family sans
-Label\InsetSpace ~
-width
-\family default
- text box.
- The text in the
-\family sans
-Label\InsetSpace ~
-width
-\family default
- box determines the default label width.
- If you really, really want to, you can use the text of your largest label
- here, but you don't need to.
- We recommend using the letter
+The first blue box is for the definition, where you insert the formula via
+ the math panel or commands.
+ The placeholder for the arguments are inserted as a backslash and sharp
+ followed by the argument number, e.g.
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-M
+
+\backslash
+#1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- multiple times.
- It's the widest character and is a standard unit of width in LaTeX.
- The default label width in the example
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- is 6
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ for the first argument.
+ Placeholders will be displayed in red.
+ The second blue box is for the appearance in LyX.
+ This is useful when you have a large structure that shouldn't be displayed
+ in LyX with its full size.
+ If you want to see the macro as it is defined, leave the box blank.
+ In our example we insert the sequence
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-M
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\series bold
+qE:
+\backslash
+#1
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#2
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+,
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+#3
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-s wide.
- Using
+
+\series default
+The macro will then be shown as the macro name followed by the three arguments.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use the macro in a formula, type its name as command, in our case
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-M
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+qE
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as your unit of width in the
-\family sans
-Label\InsetSpace ~
-Width
-\family default
- box has one more advantage: you don't need to keep changing the contents
- of
-\family sans
-Label\InsetSpace ~
-Width
-\family default
- every time you alter a label in a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
+.
+ The macro is inserted with boxes for the arguments looking similar to this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There's yet another feature of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment we need to tell you about.
- As you can see in the examples, LyX left-justifies the item labels by default.
- You can use additional
-\family sans
-HFills
-\family default
- to change how LyX justifies the item label.
- We'll document
-\family sans
-HFills
-\family default
- later in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:hspace"
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/macrouse.png
\end_inset
-.
- Here are some examples:
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
-Left The default for
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- item labels.
+\begin_layout Standard
+The arguments are inserted in the blue boxes.
+ If the cursor is outside the macro, the arguments are put in the macro.
+ To change the arguments, put the cursor in the formula before or after
+ the macro and press the right or left arrow key respectively.
+ The arguments appear now again below the macro definition.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you change the macro definition all macros are changed automatically
+ to the new definition.
+ Here an example of our macro with the arguments
+\begin_inset Formula $x$
+\end_inset
-\hfill
-Right One
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- at the beginning of the label right justifies it.
-\end_layout
+,
+\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Formula $B$
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\qE x{\ln(y)}B\]
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
-\hfill
-Center
-\hfill
- One
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- at the beginning of the label and one at the end centers it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Don't worry if you have no idea what
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s are yet.
- Just remember that you can use them to customize the look of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
+When the document is exported to LaTeX, the macro definition will be inserted
+ as the command:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-That does it for the four paragraph environments for making lists.
- Oh - did we mention that you should read about nesting environments in
- section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+qE}[3]{#1_{1,
+\backslash
+,2}=-
+\backslash
+frac{#2}{2}
+\backslash
+pm
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- if you want to use any of these list environments?
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Letters
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
-: An Overview
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
- environments called
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
-.
- To use the letter class, you need to use specific paragraph environments
- in a specific order, otherwise LaTeX gags on the document.
- In contrast, you can use the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- paragraph environments anywhere with no problem.
- You can even nest them inside other environments, though you can't nest
- anything in them.
+\backslash
+hphantom{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, you're not limited to using
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- for letters only.
-
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
-, in particular, is useful for creating article titles like those used in
- some European academic papers.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Usage
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:adress_usage"
+
+\backslash
+newcommand
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+\backslash
+sqrt{
+\backslash
+frac{#2^{2}}{4}-#3}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- environment formats text in the style of an address, which is also used
- for the opening and signature in some countries.
- Similarly, the
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- environment formats text in the style of a right-justified address, which
- is used for the sender's address and today's date in some countries.
- Here's an example of each:
+The command is not inserted in the document preamble.
+ That means you can only use macros in formulas that are below the macro
+ definition box in your document.
+ There are also some other restrictions: The command
+\backslash
+newcommand supports optional arguments, which are not available in LyX's
+ macros.
+ You can also not change subsequently the name of the macro and the number
+ of arguments.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Right Address
-Right Address
-\newline
-WhoAmI
-\newline
-WhereAmI
-\newline
-When is it? What is today?
+\begin_layout Section
+Fine-Tuning
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
-.
- Notice that the lines all have the same left margin, which LyX sets to
- fit the largest block of text on a single line.
- Here's an example of the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- environment:
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Typefaces
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Typefaces
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Address
-WhoAreYou
-\newline
-Where do I send this
-\newline
-Your post office and country
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, both
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- add extra space between themselves and the next paragraph.
- Speaking of which, if you hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- in either of these environments, LyX resets the nesting depth and sets
- the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- This makes sense, however, since
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- is the
-\family typewriter
-break-paragraph
-\family default
- function, and the individual lines of an address are not paragraphs.
- Thus, you'd use
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- [
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
- or
+The standard font for text is italic, for numbers the standard is roman.
+ To set a font in a formula, use the
\family sans
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-inebreak
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\family default
- menu] to start a new line in an
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
+Panel
\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/font.png
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Academic Writing
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
- or list of references.
- LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.
-\end_layout
+, or enter its command, listed in table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-\family sans
-Abstract
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, directly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is used for the abstract of an article.
- Technically, you
-\emph on
-could
-\emph default
- use this environment anywhere, but you really
-\emph on
-should
-\emph default
- only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
- The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment is only useful in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Caption
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:Typefaces-and-the"
+
\end_inset
-article
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Typefaces and the corresponding commands.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-report
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
- document classes [as well as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-amsart,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- which is just a specialized version of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
\end_inset
-article
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-].
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-book
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- document class ignores the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- completely, and it's utterly silly to use
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-letter
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\series bold
- document class.
+\backslash
+mathrm
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment does several things for you.
- First, it puts the centered label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
\end_inset
- above the text.
- The label and the text of the abstract are separated by some extra vertical
- space.
- Second, it typesets everything in a smaller font, just as you'd expect.
- Lastly, it adds a bit of extra vertical space between the abstract and
- the subsequent text.
- Well, that's how it will appear on the LyX screen.
- If your document is in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-report
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- class, the abstract actually appears on a separate page in the printed
- version of the file.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Starting a new paragraph by hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset the paragraph environment.
- The new paragraph will still be in the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment.
- So, you will have to change the paragraph environment yourself when you
- finish entering the abstract of your document.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-We'd love to give you an example of the
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- environment, but we can't, since this document is in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+mathbf
+\end_layout
-book
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- class.
- If you've never heard of an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
\end_inset
-abstract
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- before, you can safely ignore this environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:bibliography"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is used to list references.
- Technically, you
-\emph on
-could
-\emph default
- use this environment anywhere, but you really
-\emph on
-should
-\emph default
- only use it at the end of the document.
- Also, don't bother trying to nest
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa.
- It won't work.
+\backslash
+mathit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you first open a
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment, LyX add a large vertical space, followed by the heading
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Bibliography
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
\end_inset
-References,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- depending on the document class.
- The heading is in a large boldface font.
- Each paragraph of the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment is a bibliography entry.
- Thus, hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset the paragraph environment.
- Each new paragraph is still in the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the
-\emph on
-beginning
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-first line
-\emph default
- of each paragraph, you will see a gray button showing a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
-\family sans
-key
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-label
-\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, suppose your first entry in the bibliography was a book about
- LaTeX.
- We could choose the key
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-latexguide
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- for that entry.
- You can also give a label, which will be displayed in the gray inset box.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-key
-\family default
- field isn't useless.
- You can refer to your bibliography entries using the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\backslash
+mathtt
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-itation
-\family default
- command.
- Just choose the key inside in the available keys list, then add a reference
- by clicking on the left arrow, which will add it to the selected keys list.
- Multiple references can be placed by selecting more than one key.
- An example of the
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
- appears at the end of this document.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-See
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}}$
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- is an example of how to cite two of the entries in it.
- In the second one, we used the
-\family sans
-T
-\bar under
-e
-\bar default
-xt\InsetSpace ~
-after
-\family default
- field of the citation dialog to add the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Chapter 3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\series bold
-.
- The texts
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+mathbb
+\end_layout
-latexguide
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\end_inset
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- that you see on screen will be replaced in print by the number or the label
- of the bibliography entry.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The more advanced LaTeX bibliography package BibTeX is also supported by
- LyX.
- For a description of how to use it, please refer to the
-\emph on
-Extended LyX Features
-\emph default
- document.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Special Purpose
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are three standard paragraph environments that simply don't fit any
- category, as they are very specialized for a particular purpose.
- We'll point out the highlights and uses of each.
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\backslash
+mathfrak
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:captionlayout"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph on
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment is the default paragraph environment for
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-.
- On the LyX screen, you'll see either the label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Figure #:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathcal
+\end_layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Table #:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
\end_inset
-, depending on which type of
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- it's in.
- The actual reference number is substituted in this label in the printed
- output.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can't really nest things into a
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment.
- Additionally, hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- resets the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-, so a
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- can only be a single paragraph.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot use a
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment outside of a
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Float
-\family default
- or a
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Float
-\family default
-.
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figures"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:tables"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- for more information on
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-.
-
-\end_layout
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-LyX
-\family sans
--Code
+\backslash
+mathsf
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment is another LyX extension.
- It type-sets text in a typewriter-style font.
- It also treats the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key as a fixed whitespace;
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment, the
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- key is treated as a
-\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-Blank
-\family default
- instead of an end-of-word marker.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
- this is the only case in which you can type multiple whitespaces in LyX.
- If you need to insert blank lines, you'll still need to use
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
- [the
-\family typewriter
-break-line
-\family default
- function].
-
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- breaks paragraphs.
- Note, however, that
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- reset the paragraph environment.
- So, when you finish using the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment, you'll need to change the paragraph environment yourself.
- Also, you
-\emph on
-can
-\emph default
- nest the
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment inside of others.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few quirks with this environment:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot use
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
- at the beginning of a new paragraph [i.e.
- you can't follow
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- with a
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
-].
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't follow a
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
- with a
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Use a
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ that you can only print capital letters in the typefaces
\family sans
-Return
+Blackbold
\family default
- to begin a new paragraph, then you can use a
+ and
\family sans
-Space
+Calligraphic
\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Or: use
-\family sans
-C-Space
-\family default
- instead.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
- You must put at least one
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you use a typeface, a blue box is inserted in the formula.
+ Every character in this box will be printed in this typeface.
+ Pressing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- in any line you want blank.
- Otherwise, LaTeX generates errors.
-\end_layout
+ within the box, will set the cursor outside, so that you have to use a
+ protected space when you need a space in the box.
+ Here an example where a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
+N
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in
\family sans
-"
+Blackbold
\family default
- since that will insert
-\emph on
-real
-\emph default
- quotes.
- You get the typewriter double quotes with
+ denotes the set of numbers:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\sqrt{x}\:;\: x\in\mathbb{N}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The typefaces are nestable, which can cause confusion.
+ You can e.g.
+ put a character in
\family sans
-C-"
+Fraktur
\family default
- (or
+ in a box for
\family sans
-C-q
+Typewriter
\family default
- if you use Emacs-like key bindings).
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{abc\mathfrak{d}e}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+So better don't use this feature.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example:
-\end_layout
+The typefaces have no effect on Greek letters:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{abc\delta e}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-#include <stdio.h>
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+You can only print them emboldened using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+, which works like the other typeface commands:
+\begin_inset Formula $\alpha\beta\gamma\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-int main(void)
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- printf("Hello World
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-n");
+boldsymbol
+\series default
+ works for all symbols, letters, and numbers.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
- return 0;
+\begin_layout Standard
+A number of other font options are available as well, in the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Font
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-}
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Text
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Text
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is just the standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Hello world!
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- program.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Typefaces are useful for entering some characters in some given font, but
+ not for text.
+ For typing longer pieces of text use the math text, which is obtained using
+ the entry
+\family sans
+Normal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+mode
+\family default
+ of the
\family sans
-LyX-Code
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Panel
\family default
- has one purpose: to typeset code, such as program source, shell scripts,
- rc-files, and so on.
- Use it only in those very, very special cases where you need to generate
- text as if you used a typewriter.
-\end_layout
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/font.png
-\begin_layout Section
-Nesting Environments
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:nest"
+\end_inset
+
+ (alternatively the shortcut
+\family sans
+M-m
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\family default
+).
+ Math text appears in LyX in black instead of blue.
+ You can use spaces and accents in math text like in normal text.
+ Here is an example:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+f(x)=\begin{cases}
+x & \textrm{if I say so}\\
+-x & \textrm{unter Umständen}\end{cases}\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-The Big Deal
+Font Sizes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Font sizes
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Throughout the previous sections, we've been nagging you to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-go read Section\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:nest"
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are four font styles (relative sizes) used in math-mode, which are
+ automatically chosen in most situations.
+ These are called
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+scriptstyle
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+scriptscriptstyle
+\family default
+.
+ For most characters,
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+ are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
+ and certain other structures, are set larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+.
+ Except for some operators, which resize themselves to accommodate various
+ situations, all text will be set in the styles as LaTeX thinks is appropriate.
+ These choices can be overridden by using the math panel button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/style.png
\end_inset
.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ A box for the size will be created in which you can insert the math structure.
+ For example, you can set
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+\end_inset
+
+, which is normally in
+\family sans
+textstyle
+\family default
+, larger in
+\family sans
+displaystyle
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
\end_inset
- So, you're probably wondering what the big deal is.
+.
+ The four styles are used in the following example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The big deal is that LyX differs rather strongly from the traditional
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
\end_inset
-word\SpecialChar \-
-processor-as-overglorified-typewriter
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
\end_inset
- concept.
- With a typewriter, text is merely ink on a page.
- Most word processors aren't much better, treating text as pixels on the
- screen and bytes in memory.
- In contrast, LyX treats text as a unified block with a particular context
- and specific properties.
- However, what if you wanted one
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
\end_inset
-block
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+,
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+All these math-mode font sizes are relative, that means, if the whole math
+ inset is set in a particular size with the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- to inherit some of the properties of another
+Style
+\family default
+, all sizes in the formula will be adjusted relative to this size.
+ Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
+ will be adjusted to correspond.
+ As example a formula in the font size
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-block
+largest
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- ?
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's a more specific example: outlines.
- You have three main points in your outline, but point #2 also has two subpoints.
- In other words, you have a list
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- of another list, with the inner list
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\family roman
+\size largest
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{e}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Theorem Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As of LyX 1.6, support for theorem-like environments has been moved out of
+ the document classes and into layout modules.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Layout Modules
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ As a result, theorem-like environments can now easily be used with classes
+ other than the AMS classes.
+ See section
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Modules"
+
\end_inset
-attached
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ for more on layout modules.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+AMS-LaTeX
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+AMS math
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- to item #2:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-one
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-two
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! AMS
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist - item #1
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-sublist - item #2
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-three
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How do you put a list inside of a list? By now, the answer should be obvious:
- you nest one list inside the other.
-
+LyX supports the packages provided by the American Mathematical Society
+ (AMS) that are in common use.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-How to nest an environment is quite simple.
- Select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-ncrease\InsetSpace ~
-Environment\InsetSpace ~
-Depth
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ecrease\InsetSpace ~
-Environment\InsetSpace ~
-Depth
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit
-\family default
- menu to change the nesting depth of the current paragraph (the status bar
- will tell you how far you are nested).
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Enabling AMS-Support
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also use the convenient key bindings
-\family sans
-S-M-Left
-\family default
- and
+Selecting the checkbox
\family sans
-S-M-Right
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+AMS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
+math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+package
\family default
- and
+ in the
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- are alternatives, if you prefer those bindings
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Options
\family default
- to change the nesting level.
- The change will work on the current selection if you have made one (allowing
- you to change the nesting of several paragraphs at once), or the current
- paragraph.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.
- If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
- Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
- depth of every paragraph nested inside of it.
- It's hard to describe what exactly LyX does in this case.
- That depends specifically on what your text looks like.
- Your best bet is to simply play with changing the nesting depth and see
- what happens.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Nesting isn't just limited to lists.
- In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're
- about to find out.
- This is the real power of nesting paragraph environments.
+ will include the AMS-packages in the document, and make the facilities
+ available.
+ AMS is needed for many math-constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in
+ formulas, assure that you have enabled AMS.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-What You Can and Can't Nest
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
- you a little bit more about how nesting works.
-\end_layout
+AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:AMS-Formula-Types"
-\begin_layout Standard
-The question of nesting is a bit more complicated than a simple yes or no,
- can you or can't you.
- There's also the question of how.
- Can you nest this environment into anything else? Can you nest another
- environment into it? A
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-yes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- to one of these doesn't guarantee a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Math ! Multi-line Equations
+\end_layout
-yes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to the other.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The paragraph environments in LyX can do one of three things when it comes
- to nesting.
- First, an environment may be completely unnestable.
- Second, there are environments that are fully nestable.
- You can nest them inside of things and you can also nest other things inside
- of them.
- There is one last type of environment.
- You can nest them into other environments, but that's it.
- You can't nest anything into them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
- environments have them:
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For some odd reason, LyX allows you to fully nest both
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.
+ LyX allows you to choose between
+\family typewriter
+align
\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Abstract
+,
+\family typewriter
+alignat
\family default
-.
- Also, LyX allows you to nest
-\family sans
-Title
+,
+\family typewriter
+flalign
\family default
,
-\family sans
-Author
+\family typewriter
+gather
\family default
, and
-\family sans
-Date
+\family typewriter
+multline
\family default
- into other environments.
- We urge you not to.
- LaTeX may barf if you try it.
- Then again, it may not.
- We don't know for certain.
- However, it makes no sense contextually to perform any nesting with these
- environments, so why would you ever want to?
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+.
+ We refer to the AMS-documentation for an explanation of these formula types.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Unnestable Can't nest them.
- Can't nest into them.
+\begin_layout Chapter
+More Tools
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Section
+Cross-References
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Cross references
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Title
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Cross-References"
-\family sans
-Author
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Date
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Fully\InsetSpace ~
-Nestable You can nest them.
- You can nest other things into them.
+\begin_layout Standard
+One of LyX's strengths are cross-references.
+ You can reference every section, float, footnote, formula, and list in
+ the document.
+ To reference a document part, you have to insert a label into it.
+ The label is used as anchor and name for the reference.
+ We want for example refer to the the second item of the following list:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Abstract
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+First item
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "enu:Second-item"
-\family sans
-Verse
+\end_inset
+
+Second item
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Third item
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+First we insert a label into the second item with the menu
\family sans
-Quote
-\end_layout
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the by pressing the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ scale 85
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\end_layout
+.
+ A grey label box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/labelQt4.png
+ scale 85
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\end_layout
+ is inserted and the label window pops up asking for the label text.
+ LyX offers as text the first words of the item with a prefix, in our case
+ the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\end_layout
+enu: Second-item
+\family default
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Description
-\end_layout
+.
+ The prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-List
-\end_layout
+enu:
+\family default
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\end_layout
+ stands for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
- You can't nest anything into them.
-\end_layout
+enumerate
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The prefix depends on the document part where the label is inserted, e.g.
+ if you insert a label to a section heading, the prefix will be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Part
-\end_layout
+sec:
+\family default
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Chapter
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+To reference the item, we refer to its label using the menu
\family sans
-Section
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
\family default
-
-\end_layout
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ scale 85
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subsection
-\end_layout
+.
+ A grey cross-reference box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/referenceQt4.png
+ scale 85
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subsubsection
-\end_layout
+ is inserted and the cross-reference window appear showing all labels of
+ the document.
+ We can now sort the labels alphabetically and then choose the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Paragraph
+enu:Second-item
\family default
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Subparagraph
+.
+ At the position of the cross-reference box the item number will appear
+ in the output.
+ Here is our cross-reference:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Standard
+Item
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Part*
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "enu:Second-item"
-\family sans
-Chapter*
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Section*
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is recommended to use a protected space
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Subsection*
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Subsubsection*
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Protected-Space"
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-Standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
+ between the cross-reference name and its number to avoid ugly line breaks
+ between them.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\family sans
-Address
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are six varieties of cross-references:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>: prints the float number, this is the default:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Caption
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:table-and-fig-nesting"
+\begin_layout Description
+(<reference>): prints the float number within two parentheses, this is the
+ style normally used to reference formulas, especially when the reference
+ name
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Equation
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ is omitted:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:tanhExp"
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
- affected by nesting anyhow.
- They are:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-equations
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-tables
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+<page>: prints the page number: Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand pageref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
-figures
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-[Note: if you put a figure or a table in a
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
-, this is no longer true.
- See below or look in sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figures"
+\begin_layout Description
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:tables"
+<page>: prints the text "on page" and the page number:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vpageref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
\end_inset
- for more info.]
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
- Well, you can't inline a table, but you can inline math and figures.
- If a figure or an equation is inlined, it goes wherever the paragraph it's
- in goes.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Description
+<reference>
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-paragraph
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- of its own, it behaves just like a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+page
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-nestable-inside
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+<page>: prints the float number, the text "on page", and the page number:
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand vref
+reference "cap:Two-distorted-images"
- paragraph environment.
- You can nest it into any environment, but you [obviously] can't nest anything
- into it.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's an example with a table:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Formatted
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+reference: prints a self defined cross-reference format.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature is only available when you have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
+ installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that the style <page> won't print the page number if the label is on
+ the previous, the same, or the next page.
+ You will e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
-\end_layout
+see the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+on this page
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ instead.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The number and current page of the referred document part in the output,
+ is automatically calculated by LaTeX.
+ The varieties are adjusted in the field
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ of the cross-reference window, that appear when you click on the cross-referenc
+e box.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can only use the style
+\family sans
+<reference>
+\family default
+ to reference numbered document parts, while the reference style
+\family sans
+<page>
+\family default
+ is always possible.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to reference a section, put the label in the section heading,
+ to reference a float, put the label in the caption.
+ For footnotes you can put the label somewhere in it.
+ Referencing formulas is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Numbering-and"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+The button
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Label
+\family default
+ in the cross-reference window sets the the cursor before the referred label.
+ The button text changes then to
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside (a).
+Back
+\family default
+ and you can use it to set the cursor back to the cross-reference.
+ Right-clicking on a cross-reference box also sets the cursor before the
+ referred label but without a possibility to go back.
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change labels at any time by clicking on the label box.
+ References to the changed label will automatically change its link to the
+ new label text, so that you don't need to take care about this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
+If a cross-reference refers to a non-existing label, you'll see two question
+ marks in the output instead of the reference.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
+\begin_layout Standard
+References are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
+\begin_layout Section
+Table of Contents and other Listings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Table of contents
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Outline
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:toc"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table of Contents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Table-of-Contents"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List/TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Contents
+\family default
+.
+ Is is displayed in LyX as a gray box.
+ If you click on it, the
+\family sans
+Outline
+\family default
+ window appears, showing you the TOC entries as outline to move and rearrange
+ sections in your documents.
+ So this operation is an alternative to the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
+\family default
+ that is described in sec.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Navigating"
+
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+The TOC in the document output lists every numbered section automatically.
+ If you have declared a short title for a section heading, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- nested inside (a).
- In fact, it's not nested at all.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
-\end_layout
+, it will be used in the TOC instead of the section heading.
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
- item of a new list!
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's another trap you can fall into: nesting the table, but not going
- deep enough.
- LyX turns anything after the table into a new [sub]list.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Item One
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (a) and it's nested.
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:List-of-Figures"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
+TOC
+\family default
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+URLs
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyperlinks
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:URL"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URLs
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+URL
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example URL: LyX's homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.lyx.org
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+.
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get LaTeX errors.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is (b).
- The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- inside (a).
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Back out again.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
- new list
-\emph on
-inside
-\emph default
- item 1.
- The same thing would have happened to a figure or an equation.
- So, if you nest tables, figures or equations, make sure you go to the right
- depth!
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Then there are the so-called
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
-.
- A
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
\family sans
-Float
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Hyperlink
\family default
- is a block of text associated with some sort of label, but which doesn't
- have a fixed location.
- It can
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/href-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-float
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- forward or backward a page or two, to wherever it fits best.
-
-\family sans
-Footnotes
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Margin\InsetSpace ~
-Notes
-\family default
- are floats, as are
+.
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
+Target
\family default
and
\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
+Name
\family default
.
- When you're editing a document in LyX, a closed
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- looks like a gray button with a red label and goes wherever the paragraph
- it's in goes.
- However, because a
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- has no fixed location in the final text, nesting has no effect on its actual
- location after you feed your document to LaTeX.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Usage and General Features
-\end_layout
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
-\begin_layout Standard
-Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
- In other words,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-level #6
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
- is the innermost possible depth.
- Here's an example to display what we mean:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #1 - outermost
+, or a link to a file.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #2
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink, but
+ add the prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #3
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-level #4
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+run:
+\family default
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #5
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-level #6
+ to the link target.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-Once again, LyX has a maximum of 6 levels, regardless of which specific
- paragraph environments you're using at a given level.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
+\family sans
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unfortunately, LyX doesn't enforce this limitation.
- If you try to exceed it, however, LaTeX will return errors when you go
- to produce output for your document.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "http://www.lyx.org"
\end_inset
- That means that you can perform a six-fold nesting of a
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
- list, or a
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment, and so on.
- You can also mix environments, as we shall see later.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
- both of them in the example.
- Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
- nesting with the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
\family sans
-Itemize
+Color links
\family default
- environments.
- For example, if we tried to nest another
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF Properties
\family default
- list inside of item
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+).
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-A.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-, we'd get errors.
-\begin_inset Foot
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once again, LyX doesn't enforce this limitation.
- If you try to exceed it, however, LaTeX will return errors when you go
- to produce output for your document.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Appendix
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In case that you want to start a new list immediately after a list, or consecuti
-ve definitions, proofs etc, you can use the
+Appendices are created with the menu
\family sans
---Separator--
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Start
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Here
\family default
- environment to separate them.
- For example
+.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as appendix region.
+ The region is marked with a red borderline.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-item1
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix region is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout --Separator--
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-another item1
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Credits"
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-nested item1
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout --Separator--
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-nested another item1
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Export"
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Some Examples
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
- We have several examples of nested environments.
- In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
- them.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example #1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-a This is the outermost level.
- It's a
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-a This is level #2.
- We created it by using
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- followed by
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-a This is level #3.
- This time, we just hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then used
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
- twice in a row.
- We could have also created it the same way as we did the previous level,
- by hitting
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- followed by
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-This is actually a
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- environment, nested inside of
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a LyX-document.
+ You can include a bibliography database
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Known under the name
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-#3-a
+BibTeX-database
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- So, it's at level #4.
- We did this by hitting
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-, then changing the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- Do this to create list items with more than one paragraph - it also works
- for the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments!
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here's another
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- paragraph, also at level #4, made with just a
+\end_inset
+
+, which is explained in the next subsection or you can insert the bibliography
+ manually.
+ For the second method we use the paragraph environment
\family sans
-M-Return
+Bibliography
\family default
+, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-a This is level #4.
- We hit
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
\family sans
-M-Return
+Bibliography
\family default
- and changed the paragraph environment back to
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
\family sans
-List
+Key
\family default
-.
- Remember - we can't nest anything inside of a
+ and a
\family sans
-Standard
+Label
\family default
- environment, which is why we're still at level #4.
- However, we
-\emph on
-can
-\emph default
- keep nesting things inside of
+.
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about LaTeX
+ and we used
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-#3-a
+latexcompanion
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}
-and this is level #6.
- By now, you should know how we made these two.
+, a short form of its title, as key.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#5-b Back to level #5.
- Just hit
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- followed by a
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can refer to the key of a bibliography entry using the menu
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ in which you can select one or more keys in the available key list.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key.
+ When you click on the box, the citation window appears and you can change
+ the reference.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#4-b After another
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- followed by a
+\begin_layout Standard
+Citation references appear in the output as number of the bibliography entry
+ with surrounding brackets.
+ If you set a
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
+Label
\family default
-, we're back at level #4.
-\end_layout
+ for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
+ Here two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#3-b Back to level #3.
- By now it should be obvious how we did this.
-\end_layout
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#2-b Back to level #2.
-
+:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMM
-#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
- After this sentence, we'll hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
- and change the paragraph environment back to
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at the
\family sans
-Standard
+LaTeX Companion Second Edition
\family default
- to end the list.
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There you have it! Oh --- we could have also used the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-, or even the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment in place of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
- The example would have worked exactly the same.
-\end_layout
+The LyX-Team members are listed in the Credits:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example #2: Inheritance
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout LyX-Code
-level.
- Now we'll hit
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-M-p Right
-\family default
-, after which, we'll change to the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment, at level #2.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases (BibTeX)
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Notice how the nested
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- not only inherits its margins from its parent environment [
-\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\family default
-], but also inherits its font and spacing!
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Databases
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We ended this example by hitting
-\family sans
-Return
-\family default
-.
- After that, we needed to reset the paragraph environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
- and resetting the nesting depth by using
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
-\family default
- once.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example #3: Labels, Levels, and the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- Environments
-\begin_inset OptArg
+
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! BibTeX
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
+ documents.
+ It makes it also very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, because only the referenced
+ entries of the database will appear in the bibliography list.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #1, in an
\family sans
-Enumerate
+.bib
\family default
- paragraph environment.
- We're actually going to nest a bunch of these.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #2.
- We used
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- followed by
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-.
- Now, what happens if we nest an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment inside of this one? It will be at level #3, but what will its
- label be? An asterisk?
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in LaTeX books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Normally one uses a special program to create and edit entries of the database.
+ Under
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-No! It's a bullet.
- This is the
-\emph on
-first
-\emph default
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environment, even though it's at level #3.
- So, its label is a bullet.
- [Note: we got here by using
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-, then changing the environment to
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
-.]
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Here's level #4, produced using
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
-.
- We'll do that again\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+you find a list of programs for bibliography databases.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-to get to level #5.
- This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-.
- Notice the type of numbering! It's
-\emph on
-lowercase Roman
-\emph default
-, because we're the
-\emph on
-thirdfold
-\emph default
-
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment [i.e.
- we're an
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- inside an
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use a database, use the menu
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
\family default
- inside an
+/
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
-].
-\end_layout
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+BibT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-What happens if we
-\emph on
-don't
-\emph default
- change the paragraph environment, but decrease the nesting depth? What
- type of numbering does LyX use?
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
-\family sans
-M-Return
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
\family default
- to keep the current environment and depth but create a new item.
+.
+ A grey box will be inserted and a window appears.
+ In this window you can load one or more databases and a style file.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Let's use
-\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
-\family default
- to decrease the depth after the next
+\begin_layout Standard
+The style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
\family sans
-M-Return
+.bst
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #4.
- Look what type of label LyX is using!
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ that declares the layout of all bibliography entries.
+ Many publishers provide special style files, so that you don't have to
+ take care of the layout.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-This is level #3.
- Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
- numeral as the label.
- Why?!
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works like described above.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
-\emph on
-still
-\emph default
- a thirdfold
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
- Notice, however, that LyX
-\emph on
-did
-\emph default
- reset the counter for the label.
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Another
+\begin_layout Standard
+To generate the bibliography from a database, the program BibTeX is used
+ by LyX.
+ This program can be controlled with options that you can add in LyX's preferenc
+es dialog under
\family sans
-M-Return
+Outputs
\family default
-
+,
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+eX
\family default
- sequence, and we're back to level #2.
- This time, we not only changed the nesting depth, but we also moved back
- into the twofold-nested
+ in the field
\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- environment.
+BibT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-The same thing happens if we do another
-\family sans
-M-Return
+\end_inset
+
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+command
\family default
+.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended to read the manual of
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
+BibTeX
\family default
- sequence and return to level #1, the outermost level.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Lastly, we reset the environment to
-\family sans
-Standard
-\family default
-.
- As you can see, the level number doesn't correspond to what type of labelling
- LyX uses for the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- environments.
- The number of
-\emph on
-other
-\emph default
-
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
+ the two methods of creating them.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ We used the style file
\family sans
-\emph on
-Enumerate
+alphadin.bst
\family default
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-environments
-\emph default
- surrounding it determines what kind of label LyX uses for an
+ to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
+ For this feature you need to use the option
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Natbib
\family default
- item.
- The same rule applies for the
+ enabled in the
\family sans
-Itemize
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- environment, as well.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Example #4: Going Bonkers
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-We're going to go totally nuts now.
- We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
- same detail with how we did it.
- [level #1:
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Bibliography
\family default
-]
+.
+ Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
+ For the global citation format use the BibTeX style files as explained
+ in the previous section.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[
-\family sans
-Return, M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right, Standard
-\family default
-: level #2] We'll stick an encapsulated description of how we created the
- example in brackets someplace.
- For example, the two keybindings are how we changed the depth.
- The environment name is, obviously, the name of the current environment.
- Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
+You can also set text, that should appear before or after a citation reference,
+ in the citation reference window.
+ Here an example where we set the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to appear after the reference:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-[
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1] This is the next item in the list.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-Now we'll add verse.
-\newline
-It will get much worse.
-\newline
-[
+\begin_layout Section
+Index
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index generation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Index"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An index entry is created if you use the menu
\family sans
-Return, M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right, Verse
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
\family default
-: level #2]
-\end_layout
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/index-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A gray box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Verse
-Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
-\newline
-Bippitey boppitey boo!
-\newline
-[
\family sans
-M-Return
+Idx
\family default
-]
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Verse
-Here comes a table for you:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted containing the text that appears in the index.
+ The word where the cursor is in or the currently highlighted text is proposed
+ by LyX as index entry.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
-\end_inset
+We give a short overview of the index commands in the next subsections.
+ For a detailed description of LaTeX's index mechanism, have a look at one
+ of the LaTeX books
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+You can change index entries by clicking on the index box.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The index list is inserted to the document with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-one-fish
-\end_layout
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+List
+\family default
+.
+ A light blue box labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-two-fish
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Index
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ will show the place where the index is printed in the output.
+ The index list box is not clickable like other LyX-boxes.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-red-fish
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Grouping Index Entries
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Grouping
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-blue-fish
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Index entries are often grouped to offer the reader a fast search in the
+ index.
+ We want to group for example the index entries for itemized and enumerated
+ lists under the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ First we create the entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Lists"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+.
+ In the text field for the itemized list index entry in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, we insert the command
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Verse
-[
-\family sans
-M-Return, Table, M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Right
-\family default
- 3 times,
-\family sans
-M-Return, Verse, M-p\InsetSpace ~
-Left
-\family default
-]
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Itemize
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-[
-\family sans
-Return, Enumerate
-\family default
-: level #1] This is another item.
- Note that selecting a
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- resets the nesting depth to level #1, so we increased the nesting depth
- 3 times to put the table inside the
-\family sans
-Verse
-\family default
- environment.
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+and the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Lists ! Enumerate
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+for the enumerated list in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Enumerate"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We're now ending the
-\family sans
-Enumerate
-\family default
- list and changing to
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
-.
- We're still at level #1.
- We want to show you some of the things you can do by mixing environments.
- The next set of paragraphs is a
+\begin_layout Standard
+The exclamation mark
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-quoted letter.
+!
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- We'll nest both the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- environments inside of this one, then use another nested
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- for the letter body.
- We'll use
-\family sans
-M-Return
-\family default
- to preserve the depth.
- Remember that you need to use
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
- to create multiple lines inside the
-\family sans
-Address
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Right\InsetSpace ~
-Address
-\family default
- environments.
- Here it goes:
-\end_layout
+ marks the grouping levels.
+ You can have three levels; every index level is indented a bit more.
+ An index entry for the higher levels is not required.
+ If we don't have an index entry for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Right Address
-1234 Nowhere Rd.
-\newline
-Moosegroin, MT 00100
-\newline
-9-6-96
-\end_layout
+Lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Address
-Dear Mr.\InsetSpace ~
-Fizlewitz:
+, it will be printed anyway, but without a page number.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50L of compressed
- methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
- Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
- a backlog in our orders for methane.
- We will place your name on the waiting list and try to fill your order
- as soon as possible.
- In the meantime, we thank you for your patience.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Page Ranges
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We do, however, now have a special on beef.
- If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
- with your order, along with payment.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Page ranges
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-We thank you again for your patience.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Address
-Sincerely,
-\newline
-Bill Hick
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Quotation
-That ends that example!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with
- just a few keystrokes.
- We could have easily nested an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list inside of a
-\family sans
-Quotation
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-, or put a
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- inside of an
-\family sans
-Itemize
-\family default
- list.
- You have a huge variety of options at your disposal.
-\end_layout
+Normally an index entry will appear with the page number of the indexed
+ section.
+ But sometimes you want to index more pages under the same entry.
+ E.g if we want to index the paragraph environments, we create an index entry
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Fonts and Text Styles
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Paragraph-Environments"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|(
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
- For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
- font to emphasize text, you use an
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+and another entry at the end of section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-emphasized style
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LyX-Code"
+
\end_inset
- instead.
- This concept fits in perfectly with LyX.
- In LyX, you do things based on contexts, rather than focusing on typesetting
- details.
+ with the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Right now, LyX allows you to specify a global default font, and has two
- character styles,
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-.
- The
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style corresponds to an italics font.
- The
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style corresponds to a font in smallcaps, which some languages and writing
- styles use to typeset proper names.
- The LyX Team has at last (as of LyX version\InsetSpace ~
-1.4) introduced true character
- styles, but currently these must be defined explicitly in the document
- layout file.
- There's currently no GUI support to define new, or tweak existing, character
- styles to allow you, the user, to customize which font changes correspond
- to what styles.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Global Options
+\series bold
+Paragraph environments|)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the default font from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The
-\family sans
-Fonts
-\family default
- tabfolder/pane offers you a variety of possibilities to set up and adjust
- your document fonts.
- The most important ones are those in the
-\family sans
-Font Families
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Font Sizes
-\family default
- group.
- The possible options under
-\family sans
-Font Families
-\family default
- include
+The commands
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
+\series bold
+|(
+\series default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and a list of fonts available on your system, each for the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-oman
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ans Serif
-\family default
and
-\family sans
-T
-\bar under
-y
-\bar default
-pewriter
-\family default
- (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-a.
- Monospaced) family of fonts.
- The option
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family sans
-Default
-\family default
+\series bold
+|)
+\series default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- uses the fonts that are specified by the document class you are using.
- Often, these are the standard TeX fonts, known as
+ respectively starts and ends the index range.
+ You can also add the same index entry at different places in the document.
+ They appear in the output under one entry with a comma separated list of
+ the pages of the indexed document parts.
+ An example is the index entry
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-computer modern
+Document ! Settings
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (cm) or
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross referencing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Cross referencing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is also possible to refer to another index entry.
+ We referred for example in the index entry
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-European modern
+GIF
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (ec).
- Depending on the document class, however, it might as well be another font.
- Most fonts in the list should be installed on your system.
- For others, you might have to get and install the fonts first (LyX indicates
- if a font is not installed).
- Please have a look at
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ (in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to the index entry
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the same section using the entry
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+GIF|see{Image formats}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Where the braces have to be inserted as TeX Code.
+ The text within the braces is the referenced entry.
+ The reference will appear in the output without a page number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Order
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Entry order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX Configuration
-\family default
- about where to get the fonts.
- Installing a new font for LaTeX is, unfortunately, not as easy as installing
- a new font to common operation systems.
- However, most font packages include a step-by-step instruction.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In most cases, the default family of a document class is roman (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-a.
- serif), so the roman font (e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.
- Times) will be used all over, unless you select
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+You can use accented characters in the index entry, but the entries might
+ then not follow the rules for the index order.
+ The index entries are sorted alphabetically, but LaTeX
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-Sans Serif
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The index generating is done in the background by an extra program, see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- od
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Index-Program"
+
\end_inset
-Typewriter
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- from
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text St
-\bar under
-y
-\bar default
-le
-\family default
- for specific selections of the text (see below section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-Style-Dialog"
+ doesn't know how to sort accents in different languages.
+ We created as example the three dummy index entries
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+maison
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-).
- The
-\family sans
-Default\InsetSpace ~
-Family
-\family default
- option lets you change this.
- So if you want your document (including footnotes etc.), say, all over in
- Helvetica, chose
+,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Helvetica
+maïs
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as
-\family sans
-Sans Serif
-\family default
- Font and
+, and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Sans Serif
+maître
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as
-\family sans
-Default\InsetSpace ~
-Family
-\family default
.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maïs
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-Font\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-izes
-\family default
- group, you can usually select from four possible
-\family sans
-Base\InsetSpace ~
-Size
-\family default
- values:
-\family sans
-default, 10
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-11
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-12
-\family default
- (some document classes provide more, some less choices).
- Remember, this is the
-\emph on
-base
-\emph default
- font size.
- LyX actually scales all of the other possible font sizes (such as those
- used in footnotes, superscripts, and subscripts) by this value.
- You can always fine-tune the font size from within the document if you
- need to.
- It's also rather silly to use an 8pt or 24pt font as the default font size,
- as this typically renders your document unreadable.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some Sans Serif and Typewriter Fonts provide the possibility to be scaled.
- This might be useful, if a Sans Serif or Typewriter Font has a different
- height than the Roman Font.
- Please be careful with this option, it can be easily misused.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maître
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-Advanced Options
-\family default
- group box, you'll finally find possibilities for using so-called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-expert settings
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! maïs@maison
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-, given that they are provided by a certain font.
-
-\family sans
-Use true S
-\bar under
-m
-\bar default
-all Caps
-\family default
- indicates that lots of fonts do not use real, but
-\emph on
-faked
-\emph default
- Small Caps.
- True Small Caps are specifically designed characters, whereas faked Small
- Caps are just scaled Capital letters.
- The former looks way better, so if a font offers you the choice, you should
- check this option.
-
-\family sans
-Use
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-ld Style Figures
-\family default
- finally lets you select so called Old Style Figures (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-a.
- Medieval Figures, i.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-e.
- figures with ascending or descending form) instead of the standard Lining
- Figures.
- Old Style Figures are often preferred due to better legibility in the text,
- but it's certainly also a matter of taste.
- Just try it out, if it is provided for your font of choice.
- Note that math figures are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- affected by this choice.
+ They will be sorted in the order maïs, maître, maison, but we want the
+ order maïs, maison, maître.
+ To achieve this, we use the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Please note that even if LyX tries its best in guessing what fonts are installed
- and which options are provided by a given font, it might fail if the fonts
- are not set up correctly.
+
+\series bold
+previous entry@current entry
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note further that once you choose a new value for
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-onts
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Font\InsetSpace ~
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ize
-\family default
-, LyX does
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- change the screen.
- You'll only see a difference once you generate the final output.
- This is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- The only visible change is caused by a change of the default font family.
- However, you certainly noticed that, for instance, the roman font on screen
- is just a representation of
+In our case we want to have
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Roman
+maison
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (as set up in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ after
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
- dialog), not of the actual roman document font.
-\end_layout
+maïs
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+ and write therefore for the index entry of maison:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
- certain paragraph environments.
- We also mentioned two other character styles,
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-.
- You can activate both of these styles via keybindings, the menus, and the
- toolbar.
+
+\series bold
+maïs@maison
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To activate the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style, do one of the following:
+The previous entry needn't to be a real existing entry, you can also use
+ another word to tell LaTeX the entry order, see the next subsection for
+ an example.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-click on the toolbar button with the person-shaped icon
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry Layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Entry layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-use the keybinding
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-c
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These commands are all toggles.
- That is, if
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style is already active, they deactivate it.
+You can change the appearance of index entries via the text style dialog.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries !
+\shape italic
+This is an italic dummy entry
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One typically uses the
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
- style for proper names.
- For example:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+ You can also format the page number using the character
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\noun on
-Matthias Ettrich
-\noun default
- is the original author of LyX.
+|
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ followed by a LaTeX-command without a backslash.
+ We can write for example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+italic page number:|textit
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style.
- You can activate [or deactivate - it's also a toggle] the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style by:
+to get the page number in italic.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! italic page number:|textit
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-clicking on the toolbar button with the
+\end_inset
+
+ Normally all LaTeX-commands begin with a backslash, but in this special
+ case
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-!
+
+\series bold
+|command
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character on it
-\end_layout
+ means
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Itemize
-using the keybindings
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-e
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+command{page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the moment, the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style is equivalent to an italicized font.
- We have plans to make that association more user-configurable in the future.
-\end_layout
+number}
+\series default
+.
+ Have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-We've been using the
-\family sans
-Emphasized
-\family default
- style all over the place in this document.
- Here's one more example:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
-\emph on
-Don't overuse character styles!
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-It's also a warning in addition to an example.
- One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
- Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character style.
-
+ to learn more about the LaTeX-syntax.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Oh --- one last note: You can always reset to the default font using the
- keybinding
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Formatting single index entries only works when you use the program
\family sans
-Character Layout
+makeindex
\family default
- dialog
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-Style-Dialog"
-
+to generate the index, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Index-Program"
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX
- gives you a way to create custom character style.
- For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
- requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note from
-\noun on
-John Weiss
-\noun default
-: There is, in fact, such a style sheet for the LyX Documentation, since
- manuals need a certain amount of consistency.
-\end_layout
+.
+ If you use
+\family sans
+xindy
+\family default
+, however, this won't work for anything else than bold or italic text.
+ This is because xindy requires to define semantic elements before they
+ can be used, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+after "p. 678 ff."
+key "latexcompanion"
\end_inset
- Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
- from ordinary dialogue.
+ for details.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles.
- Many modern word processors have a vast array of fonts available to them,
- providing you with the power of a printing press.
- Unfortunately, there is a tendency to overuse that power.
- The phrase,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Using a sledgehammer to swat a fly,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- comes to mind.
- And, as the old saying implies, documents that overuse different fonts
- and sizes tend to look like someone's knocked huge holes in them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Enough complaining.
+In general, we encourage you to not format page numbers directly as shown
+ above.
+ Instead of this, you should define a macro in the preamble and use that.
+ Consider why you want some page numbers to be bold.
+ Maybe you want all page references italic that refer to a definition of
+ the indexed term, so that users can easily find definitions.
+ If so, put the following in preamble
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom fonts, open the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-tyle
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are seven buttons on this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property which you can choose.
- You can choose an option for one of these seven properties, or select
-\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-change
-\family default
-, which keeps the current state of that property.
- The item
-\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
- will reset the property to whatever is the default for the hosting paragraph
- environment.
- You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
- environments in a snap.
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+IndexDef}[1]{
+\backslash
+textit{#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The seven font properties, and their options [in addition to
-\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-change
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Reset
-\family default
-] are:
+and write
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-amily
-\family default
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+my entry|IndexDef
+\end_layout
-overall look
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+into the index entry.
+\begin_inset Index
+status open
- of the font.
- The possible options are:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Dummy entries ! my entry|IndexDef
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Roman
-\family default
- This is the Roman font family.
+ The advantage is that, if you change your mind later or if your publisher
+ request that definitions must not be italic but bold, you just need to
+ change the macro in the preamble, not every single index entry.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-It's also the default family.
- [keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-r
-\family default
-]
-\end_layout
+You can also change the layout for the whole index.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+we marked the index list box of this document as bold to get a bold font
+ for all index entries.
+ For more advanced task you have to set up a so-called
+\emph on
+Index Style File
+\emph default
+, see the
\family sans
-Sans\InsetSpace ~
-Serif
+makeindex
\family default
-
+ or
\family sans
-This is the Sans Serif font family.
+xindy
+\family default
+ documentation for details,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex,xindy"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-s
-\family default
-]
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Program
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Index ! Program
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Index-Program"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Typewriter
-\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-This is the Typewriter font family.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
+When the index entry program
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-p
+xindy
\family default
-]
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
+ is installed, that is only available for Linux, LyX uses it for the index
+ generation, otherwise the program
\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-eries
+makeindex
\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
-\end_layout
+ is used, that is part of every LaTeX distribution.
+ Both programs can be controlled by options that can be set in LyX's preferences
+ dialog, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-\family sans
-Medium
-\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-settings"
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-It's also the default series.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+.
+ The available options are listed and explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "makeindex,xindy"
-\family sans
-Bold
-\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can also specify there another program to generate the index.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-You can toggle this series on or off with the keybinding
+
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-b
+makeindex
+\family default
+ is very old, not further developed and has many pitfalls.
+ Most notably, it has been defined with nothing more than the English language
+ in mind.
+ So it fails at sorting correctly for anything else than an monolingual
+ English text.
+ We have shown above how to fix this sorting.
+ However, if you are writing in another language and using Linux, consider
+ to use
+\family sans
+xindy
\family default
.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Section
+Nomenclature / Glossary
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-S
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-ape
-\family default
- As the name implies.
- Options are:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Upright
-\family default
- This is the Upright font shape.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-It's also the default shape.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Glossary|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-Italic
-\family default
-
-\shape italic
-This
-\shape default
-
-\family sans
-\shape italic
-i
-\family default
-s the Italic font shape
-\shape default
-\emph on
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Slanted
-\family default
-
-\shape slanted
-This is the Slanted font shape
-\shape default
- (although it might not be visible on screen, this is different from italic).
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Small\InsetSpace ~
-Caps
-\family default
-
-\shape smallcaps
-This is the Small caps font shape
-\shape default
-\noun on
-.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Nomenclature"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Si
-\bar under
-z
-\bar default
-e
-\family default
- Alters the size of the font.
- You'll find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportio
-nal to the default font size.
- Once again, you don't feed LyX the details, but a general description of
- what you want to do.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-The options [and their keybindings] are:
+Sometimes you need to compile a list of symbols that are mentioned in your
+ document with a brief explanation of them -- a so called nomenclature or
+ glossary.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to create nomenclatures, you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! nomencl
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Tiny
-\family default
-
-\size tiny
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Tiny
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ installed.
+ You find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
\end_inset
- font size.
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
+A nomenclature entry is created if you place the cursor after a symbol entry
+ and then use the menu
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-t
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
\family default
- or
+N
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-1
+omenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
\family default
-]
-\end_layout
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/nomencl-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Smallest
-\family default
-
-\size scriptsize
-This is the
+.
+ A gray box labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Smallest
+
+\family sans
+Nom
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size
+ is inserted and a window pops up asking for the nomenclature entry.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-
-\family default
-2]
+A nomenclature entry consists of two main entries.
+ The first is the symbol that you want to refer to.
+ The second is the description of the symbol.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family sans
-Smaller
-\family default
-
-\size footnotesize
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You have to enter valid LaTeX-code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+\end_layout
-Smaller
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size
+
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-S
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Definition and Layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family default
-3]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Layout
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you have symbols in formulas, you have to define them in the
\family sans
-Small
+Symbol
\family default
-
-\size small
-This is the
+ field as LaTeX-formula.
+ For example to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Small
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\end_layout
+, insert this:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-s
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-\family default
-4]
-\end_layout
+\series bold
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-\family sans
-Normal
-\family default
- This is the
+\series default
+The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Normal
+$
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\end_layout
+ character hereby starts/ends the formula.
+ The LaTeX-command for the Greek letter is the name of the letter beginning
+ with a backslash
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-It's also the default size.
- [keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-n
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-\family default
-5]
-\end_layout
+\backslash
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Large
-\family default
-
-\size large
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+.
+ For capital Greek letters, start the command also with a capital letter,
+ like
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Sigma
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+(A short introduction to the LaTeX-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Large
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
\end_inset
- font size.
+.)
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-l
-\family default
- or
+You cannot use the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Style
\family default
-6]
-\end_layout
+ dialog to format the description text but have to use LaTeX-commands.
+ For example the description of the nomenclature entry for the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-\family sans
-Larger
-\family default
-
-\size larger
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
\end_inset
-Larger
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\end_layout
+ in this document is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
+
+\series bold
+dummy entry for the character
+\backslash
+textsf{sigma}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textsf
+\series default
+ sets the fonts to
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-S-L
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+serif
\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+.
+ To get
+\series bold
+bold
+\series default
+ font use the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+textbf
+\series default
+, for
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
\family default
-7]
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+texttt
+\series default
+, for
+\emph on
+emphasized
+\emph default
+ use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+emph
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Sort order
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+The nomenclature entries are sorted alphabetically by the LaTeX-code of
+ the symbol definition.
+ This leads to undesired results when you for example have symbols in formulas.
+ Suppose you have nomenclature entries for the symbols
+\emph on
+a
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+symbol "a"
+description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
-\family sans
-Largest
-\family default
-
-\size largest
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\emph default
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
\end_inset
- font size.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
+LatexCommand nomenclature
+prefix "sigma"
+symbol "$\\sigma$"
+description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
-\family default
-8]
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ They will be sorted by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
\family sans
-Huge
+a
\family default
-
-\size huge
-This is the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Huge
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-h
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+\family typewriter
+$
+\backslash
+sigma$
\family default
-9]
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Huger
-\family default
-
-\size giant
-This is the
+ -- the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
+
+ will be sorted before the
+\emph on
+a
+\emph default
+ since the character
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Huger
+$
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font size.
+ is considered in sorting.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
-H
-\family default
- or
+To control the sort order, you can edit the
\family sans
-M-s\InsetSpace ~
+Sort
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+as
\family default
-0]
-\end_layout
+ field of the nomenclature dialog.
+ Then the nomenclature entry will be sorted by this entry and not the symbol
+ definition.
+ For the given example, you can insert
+\family typewriter
+sigma
+\family default
+ to this field for the
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-We'll warn you
+, then
\emph on
-yet again
+a
\emph default
-: don't go crazy with this feature.
- You should almost never need to change the font size.
- LyX automatically changes the font size for different paragraph environments
- - use that instead.
- This is here for fine-tuning
-\emph on
-only!
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+ will be located before
+\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-isc
-\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+For subgrouping and tips for using sort entries see the
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "nomencl"
+
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Emph
-\family default
-
-\emph on
-This is text with emphasize on
-\emph default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-This might seem like the same as
-\shape italic
-Italic
-\shape default
-, but it is actually a bit different.
- If you use emphasize on italicized text, it will make it upright.
- In future versions of LyX, we hope to let you customize the exact behavior
- of this
-\emph on
-logical
-\emph default
- property.
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Options
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Options
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\end_inset
+
-\family sans
-Underbar
-\family default
-
-\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-[keybinding =
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-u
-\family default
-]
+The
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
+ package offers some options to adjust the appearance of the nomenclature.
+ Here are some of its options, for more have a look at its documentation:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
+\begin_layout Description
+refeq Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Noun
-\family default
-
-\noun on
-This is text with Noun on.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Like
-\family sans
-Emph
-\family default
-, this is a logical attribute.
- For the moment, it is equivalent to
\family sans
-Small\InsetSpace ~
-Caps
+, see equation (
+\emph on
+eq
+\emph default
+)
\family default
-, but that is bound to change some day.
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a holdover from the typewriter days,
- when you couldn't change fonts.
- We no longer need to resort to emphasizing text by overstriking it with
- an underscore character.
- It's only included in LyX because it's also in LaTeX, and because some
- people
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
+\family sans
\emph on
-may
+eq
+\family default
\emph default
- need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions (and in
- fact we use it in these manuals to indicate keyboard shortcuts for menu
- items).
+ is the number of the last equation in front of the nomenclature entry
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Description
+refpage Appends the phrase
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
\family sans
-Color
-\family default
- You can adjust the color of the text with this control.
- Of course, you need to have a color printer to exploit this, but you also
- need to have the
-\family sans
-color
-\family default
- LaTeX package installed.
- Notice that
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- is not able to display these colors.
- Besides
-\family sans
-No\InsetSpace ~
-color
+, page (
+\emph on
+page
+\emph default
+)
\family default
-, which is the standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-color
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, you can choose between
+ to every nomenclature entry, where
\family sans
-Black
+\emph on
+page
\family default
+\emph default
+ is the number of the page on which the nomenclature entry appeared
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+intoc Inserts the nomenclature in the Table of Contents
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are furthermore the options
+\series bold
+croatian
+\series default
,
-\family sans
-White
-\family default
+\series bold
+danish
+\series default
,
-\family sans
-Red
-\family default
+\series bold
+english
+\series default
,
-\family sans
-Green
-\family default
+\series bold
+french
+\series default
,
-\family sans
-Blue
-\family default
+\series bold
+german
+\series default
,
-\family sans
-Cyan
-\family default
+\series bold
+italian
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+polish
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+portuguese
+\series default
+,
+\series bold
+russian
+\series default
,
+\series bold
+spanish
+\series default
+, and
+\series bold
+ukrainian
+\series default
+ to print the reference texts and the nomenclature title in the corresponding
+ language.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To use one or more of the options, add them to the comma-separated document
+ class options list in the
\family sans
-Magenta
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
+ dialog.
+ In this document the options
+\series bold
+intoc
+\series default
and
-\family sans
-Yellow
-\family default
- text.
+\series bold
+refpage
+\series default
+ are used.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also use the first two options above only for certain nomenclature
+ entries when you add one of the following commands as last entry to the
+
\family sans
-Language
+Description
\family default
- This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
- the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change.
+ field in the nomenclature dialog:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq Like the
+\series bold
+refeq
+\series default
+ option
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once you've chosen a new character style via the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Description
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-tyle
-\family default
- dialog, you can activate it using the toolbar button labelled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\backslash
+nomrefpage Like the
+\series bold
+refpage
+\series default
+ option
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeqpage Short notation of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomrefeq
+\backslash
+nomrefpage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeq,
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Font
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefpage,
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, or select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-pply
-\family default
-.
- The toolbar button lets you toggle the state of your custom character style
- even when the dialog isn't visible.
-
+
+\backslash
+nomnorefeqpage Turns off the corresponding options
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printing the Nomenclature
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nomenclature ! Printing
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As we stated earlier, to completely reset the character style to the default,
- use
+To print the nomenclature, use the menu
\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-Space
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Lists
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Nomenclature
\family default
.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just sent the shape to
+ A light blue box labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-slanted
+
+\family sans
+Nomenclature
+\family default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and the series to
+ will show the place where the nomenclature is printed in the output.
+ Like the index list box, the nomenclature list box is not clickable.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the printed output the title of the nomenclature appears as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-bold
+Nomenclature
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-), set the
-\family sans
-Toggle on all these
-\family default
- switch and press
-\family sans
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-pply
-\family default
.
-
+ If you are not happy with the name, you can change it by redefining the
+ command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nomname
+\series default
+ in the preamble.
+ For example, in order to change the name to
+\emph on
+List of Symbols
+\emph default
+, add the following line to the preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning we've been spewing: Don't overuse the
- fonts.
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a horrible substitute for good
- writing.
- Your writing should speak for itself --- and will.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Printing and Previewing
-\end_layout
+\family roman
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Overview
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomname}{List of Symbols}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now that we've covered some of the basic features of document preparation
- using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
- Before we tell you that, however, we want to give you a quickie explanation
- of what goes on behind-the-scenes.
- We cover this information in much greater detail in the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual as well.
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX uses a program called
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+If you are unhappy with the amount of space for symbols, you can alter it
+ by adding the following line to the preamble:
+\end_layout
- as its backend.
- (Actually, LaTeX is just a macro package for the TeX typesetting system,
- but to prevent confusion, we'll just refer to the whole magilla as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series bold
-) Think of it this way: LyX is what you use to do your actual writing.
- Then, LyX calls LaTeX to turn your writing into printable output.
- This happens in a couple of stages:
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+nomlabelwidth}{width}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
- generating a file with the extension,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family roman
+Where the width is a value with one of the units listed in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
-\family typewriter
-.tex
-\family default
- file to produce printable output.
- It doesn't know anything about your printer, however.
- Instead, LaTeX produces what's known as a
-\emph on
-device-independent
-\emph default
- file, or DVI for short.
- The actual output is in a file with the extension,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ The default value is 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+cm.
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
+\begin_layout Section
+Branches
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Branches
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- DVI files are completely portable; you can move them from one machine to
- another without needing to do any sort of conversion.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-NOTE: The DVI file only contains what was in the LaTeX file itself.
- If you have included PostScript pictures in your document, there will only
- be a link to these files.
- So don't forget these files if you move your
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file to another computer.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Branches
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Consider the
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file to be the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-final output.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Branches"
+
\end_inset
- Once you have it, you can view it, print it, or convert it to other formats.
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-You can view
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- files using a program called
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Some printers and Unix systems understand DVI, and can print your
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file directly.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes it is useful to hide some document parts in the output.
+ For example a teacher who is setting an exam obviously doesn't want the
+ pupils to see the answers, but having questions and answers in the same
+ document will make the life of the markers of that exam much easier.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Nowadays, most printers understand the PostScript format.
- LyX automatically converts the
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
+\begin_layout Standard
+For these cases LyX offers to put text into branches.
+ The text will then only appear in the output when its branch is activated.
+ To create a branch, go in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- file to a PostScript file for you when you go to print out your document.
- LyX will also let you preview a PostScript version of your document using
- the program
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
+ dialog to
+\family sans
+Branches
\family default
.
+ The name of the branch, its activation state and the background color of
+ the branches inside LyX can be specified in this dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-One advantage of using PostScript® is that the converter program [called
-
-\family typewriter
-dvips
+Text that should be in a branch is set into branch inset boxes.
+ These boxes are inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Branch
\family default
-] takes any PostScript graphics you may have included in your document and
- puts it into the resulting PostScript version of your document.
- It also includes any special fonts you may have used.
- That makes the PostScript version much, much more portable than the DVI
- version.
+ where you can choose a branch.
+ You can later change the branch of the boxes by right-clicking on them.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX does all of these steps automagically for you.
+Here is an example, where only the question text appears, the answer branch
+ is deactivated and does therefore not appear in the output:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As you have seen, a lot of things happen before you get a hardcopy or a
- preview of your document.
- So, don't worry if printing requires a bit more time than with other word
- processors.
- The printed result is worth the wait.
- Quality always has its price.
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Quick Viewing with xdvi
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the pagebreaks
- in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-.
- Then wait a while.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When all of the behind-the-scenes action is done, LyX calls the program
-
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
-.
- You can now look at the results.
- [If you want more info on the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- program, see the
-\family typewriter
-man
-\family default
--pages.]
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Helpful-Tip: Keep the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- window open, maybe moving it to another desktop.
- Then, after you make changes to your document, just use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-.
- Now click on the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- window.
- The
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- program will automatically reread the
-\family typewriter
-.dvi
-\family default
- file and give you an updated view.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Viewing the PostScript Version with ghostview
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In general, using
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- to view your document is the easiest and fastest way.
- There may be times, however, when you want to look at the PostScript version.
- One reason is fonts.
+To use conditional output inside places where you cannot insert branch insets,
+ like inside equations, you can code special LaTeX definitions for each
+ branch.
+ For example you can define for the question branch
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note from
-\noun on
-John Weiss
-\noun default
-: Another reason is paranoia.
- I always like to look at the PostScript file before I print it, just so
- I see exactly what went to the printer\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For an introduction to the LaTeX-syntax, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- You can use PostScript fonts in a LaTeX document, but
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- won't show this.
- You'll need to use
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- or some other PostScript file viewer to see the actual results.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To view the PostScript version of your document, select
-\family sans
-Pos
-\bar under
-t
-\bar default
-Script
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew
-\family default
- menu.
- When all of the magic behind-the-scenes is done, LyX calls the program
-
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
-.
- You can now look at the results.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You've guessed what the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Pos
-\bar under
-t
-\bar default
-script
-\family default
- command from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew
-\family default
- menu does, haven't you? Remember to click once in the
-\family typewriter
-ghostview
-\family default
- window after this command to update the view.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Printing the File
+\begin_layout Standard
+and for the answer branch
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To print a file, select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-rint
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
-\family default
- menu, or click on the toolbar button with the printer on it.
- This opens the
-\family sans
-Print
-\family default
- dialog.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can choose to only print even-numbered or odd-numbered pages - this
- is useful for printing on two sides: you can re-insert the pages after
- printing one set of pages, to print on the other side.
- Some printers spit out pages face-up, others, face-down.
- By choosing a particular order to print in, you can take the entire stack
- of pages out of the printer without needing to reorder them.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can set the parameters in the
-\family sans
-Destination
-\family default
- box as follows :
+\begin_inset Branch Question
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{#1}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMM
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-rinter
-\family default
- This is the name of the printer to print to.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that this printer name isn't for the
-\family typewriter
-lpr
-\family default
- command but for
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
-.
- That means
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- has to be configured for this printer name.
- See the section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:dvipsconfig"
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- or the
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- documentation for details.
- The default printer can also be set in
-\family typewriter
-lyxrc
-\family default
-.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
- The printer should understand PostScript files.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
-\family default
- The name of a file to print to.
- The output will be in Post\SpecialChar \-
-Script format.
- The file will generally be written in the current directory, unless you
- specify the full path.
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+question}[1]{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that printing may need little time, since LaTeX,
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- and, if you don't have a PostScript printer,
-\family typewriter
-ghostscript
-\family default
- have to process your document.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+newcommand{
+\backslash
+answer}[1]{#1}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-A Few Words about Typography
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyphens and Hyphenation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:hyphens"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now it is possible to use the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+answer{\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+}
+\series default
+ to obtain conditional output.
+ Here is an example formula where only the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+question
+\series default
+ part appears:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+x^{2}-2x-2\Rightarrow\question{x_{1}}\answer{x_{2}}=1\question{+\sqrt{3}}\answer{-\sqrt{3}}.\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Inside math, the same effect can be achieved using math macros, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:math-macros"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in three lengths, often called the
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-, and the
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-:
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-hyphen
-\hfill
--
-\hfill
-made with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+TeX Code and the LaTeX Syntax
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:TeX-Code"
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Code Boxes
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TeX Code
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-en dash
-\hfill
---
-\hfill
-made with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-/
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+As LyX uses LaTeX in the background, it supports many LaTeX commands and
+ constructs, but not all.
+ LaTeX contains of hundreds of packages which provide different commands.
+ Every time packages are updated and new ones added.
+ This has the advantage that you can typeset nearly everything as there
+ is for every problem a LaTeX-package.
+ But LyX can of course not be up to date and support all packages and their
+ commands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+But don't worry, you can use any LaTeX-command directly in LyX inside the
+ TeX Code box.
+ An TeX Code box is created by the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
--
+Code
\family default
+ or by the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ The box can be opened by left-clicking and closed by right-clicking on
+ it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert complete or incomplete commands as TeX Code.
+ Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard LyX text.
+ For example you want to draw a frame around a word and uses therefore the
+ LaTeX-command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+fbox
+\series default
+, you can write the command part
+\series bold
+\backslash
+fbox{
+\series default
+ in a TeX Code box before the word and the closing brace
+\series bold
+}
+\series default
+ in a second TeX Code box behind the word.
+ The word between the two TeX Code boxes is then the argument as it is in
+ the following example:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-em dash
-\hfill
----
-\hfill
-made with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ERT.png
+ scale 89
+
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+gives
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a line with a
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-/
+fbox{
\end_layout
\end_inset
--
+framed
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-/
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
--
-\family default
+ word.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ At the end of LaTeX-commands without parameters, you have to insert a space
+ to let LaTeX know that the command is finished.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-minus sign
-\hfill
-
-\begin_inset Formula $-$
\end_inset
-\hfill
-a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Short Introduction to the LaTeX Syntax
+\begin_inset OptArg
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LaTeX Syntax
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in math mode
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX Syntax
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You generate these by using the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- LyX automatically converts them to the appropriate length dash in the final
- output.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The three types of dash are distinct from the minus sign, which appears
- in math mode and has a length of its own.
- Here are some examples of the
+When you write larger documents or books, you will need to know something
+ about the LaTeX-commands that LyX uses in the background.
+ Because LaTeX is based on commands, you can
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
+program
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in use:
+ your text.
+ This has the advantage that the layout of the document can be changed at
+ every time if you know the right commands.
+ E.g.
+ imagine you have to write a manual for a product and the deadline is at
+ the end of the day.
+ Your boss just has complimented you for your good work but wants to have
+ all caption labels bold.
+ But you have over hundred figure and table captions with non-bold labels
+ in your manual.
+ Of course it's impossible to change all caption labels by hand in one day.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-line- and page-breaks
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-hyphen
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now LaTeX comes into play.
+ As written above, for every problem exists a LaTeX-package.
+ First you have to find out which and therefore look in the LaTeX package
+ database,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Catalogue"
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A--Z
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-)
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh --- there's a dash.
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-em dash
-\emph default
-)
+\begin_layout Standard
+As result you know that the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! caption
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
\end_inset
-
-\hfill
-(
-\emph on
-minus sign
-\emph default
-)
+ is what you need.
+ To use a package, you have to load it in the document preamble (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+) with the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Those of you reading this from within LyX will see no difference, though
- there is one in the printed version.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[options]{package name}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One more note about hyphenation --- LyX automatically breaks up words and
- inserts hyphens in English text.
- The words won't be hyphenated until you generate the final output.
+All LaTeX commands begin with a backslash, the command argument is set within
+ two braces, and the options are set within two brackets.
+ Note that not all commands have an argument and options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Actually, it's LaTeX that does this, and it will also hyphenate words in
+In your case the package name is
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+.
+ After a look in the documentation of the package, you know that the option
-\emph on
-some
-\emph default
- other languages.
- To know whether (PDF)LaTeX hyphenates for
-\emph on
-your
-\emph default
- language, look at any log file produced by a LaTeX run: it will say
+\series bold
+labelfont=bf
+\series default
+ will change the font of all caption labels to bold.
+ So you add the command
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
-Babel <v3.7h> and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german, ngerman,
- nohyphenation, loaded.
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This tells you that, e.g., if you write in Finnish, you're out of luck.
- Study (for the teTeX distribution of LaTeX) the utilities
-\family typewriter
-texconfig
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-fmtutil
-\family default
- in order to switch hyphenation on for your language by
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+to the preamble and the problem is solved.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For more commands provided by the
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+ package, have a look at its documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "caption"
-uncommenting
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the relevant line in a file typically named
-\family typewriter
-language.dat
-\family default
.
- Sorry for the inconvenience.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If, for whatever reason, LaTeX
-\emph on
-still
-\emph default
- can't break a word correctly (e.g., a compound word), you can set hyphenation
- points manually.
- This is done with the menu item
-\family sans
-Hyphenation\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-oint
-\family default
- under
-\family sans
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting
-\family default
- in the
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that some document classes have built-in solutions for well known problems
+ like your case.
+ For example if you use a
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
+koma-script
\family default
- menu.
- Note that these extra hyphenation points are only recommendations to LaTeX.
- If no hyphenation is necessary, LaTeX will totally ignore them.
+ class, you don't need the package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
+, you can instead write
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont{captionlabel}{
+\backslash
+bfseries}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Punctuation Marks
+\begin_layout Standard
+in the preamble and the problem is solved.
+ So if you plan to write a large document, you should have a look at the
+ documentation of the document class you want to use.
+ (
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+setkomafont
+\series default
+ is an example for a command with more than one argument.)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Abbreviations and End of Sentence
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:abbrev"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Commands in the preamble affects the whole document, while commands in the
+ text affects only the text after the command or only the text used as command
+ argument.
+ To insert a LaTeX-command in text, use the TeX Code box as described in
+ the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to learn more about LaTeX and its syntax, have a look at the
+ LaTeX-books
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
\end_inset
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Previewing Snippets of your Document
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Instant preview
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
- automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
- LaTeX then adds the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-appropriate amount of space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
+
\end_inset
-: sentences get a little bit more space between the period and the next
- word.
- Abbreviations get the same amount of space after the period as a word uses.
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Preview
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation and
- what's the end of a sentence is really quite brain-dead.
- If a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the
+ fly so you can see how they'll look in the final document without having
+ to break your train of thought with
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you would for example like to see in LyX your math formulas typeset by
+ LaTeX, install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+preview-latex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! preview-latex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ as explained below, and turn on
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preview
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
\family default
+dialog under
+\family sans
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- is at the end of a lowercase letter, it's the end of a sentence; if it's
- at the end of a capitalized letter, it's an abbreviation.
+feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here are some examples of
+Previews are generated when you load a document into LyX and when you finish
+ editing an inset.
+ Previews of an already loaded document are
\emph on
-correct
+not
\emph default
- abbreviations and the end of a sentence:
-\end_layout
+ generated just by selecting the
+\family sans
+Instant
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-M.
- Butterfly
+preview
+\family default
+ check box, you have to reopen the documents to activate the previews.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Don't worry.
- Be happy.
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX will generate previews of math insets.
+ It will also generate previews of included insets if you select the
+\family sans
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+preview
+\family default
+ check box in the insert dialog.
+ This is useful if you wish to generate a preview of a LaTeX figure, for
+ example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-and here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
-\end_layout
+To get previews working, you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+preview-latex
+\series default
+ (on some systems named simply
+\series bold
+preview
+\series default
+) installed.
+ In case it is not already installed, you find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.
- g.
- this is too much space!
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I.
- It's okay.
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
+ You obtain prettier results if you install the program
+\family typewriter
+pnmcrop
+\family default
+ from the
+\family typewriter
+netpbm
+\family default
+ package; for LyX on Windows this program is automatically installed together
+ with LyX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-To fix this problem, use one of the following:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can furthermore preview the LaTeX source of the whole document or parts
+ of it.
+ Use the menu
\family sans
-Inter-word\InsetSpace ~
-Space
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Source
\family default
- after lowercase abbreviations (see section\InsetSpace ~
+ and a window will be shown where you can see the LaTeX-source code.
+ The window shows the source of the whole paragraph where the cursor is
+ currently in.
+ You can also select document parts in LyX's main window, then only this
+ selection (when it is more than one paragraph) is shown as source code.
+ To view the whole document as source, enable the corresponding option in
+ the source view window.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:normblank-lbreak-horline"
+\begin_layout Section
+Spell Checking
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Spellchecking"
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use a
-\family sans
-Thin\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:thinblank-lbreak-horline"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Spell checking
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-).
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use an
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX itself has no built-in spell checker.
+ Rather it uses one of the external programs
+\family typewriter
+aspell
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+hspell
+\family default
+, or
\family sans
-End\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-sentence\InsetSpace ~
-period
+pspell
\family default
- found under the
+ as backend.
+ This section assumes you have already installed and set up one of these
+ programs.
+
+\family typewriter
+aspell
+\family default
+ can be seen as successor of
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+, so that it is recommended to use aspell.
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character
+hspell
\family default
- menu to force the use of inter-sentence spacing.
- This function is also bound to
+ is a Hebrew spell-checker.
+ The used spell checker ind its settings are specified in LyX's preferences
+ under
\family sans
-C-period
+Language Settings
\family default
- for easy access.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace \space{}
-this is too much space!
+For LyX on Windows, the selection box for the spell checking program is
+ greyed out in the preferences dialog because only
+\family sans
+aspell
+\family default
+ can be used.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-This is I\SpecialChar \@.
- It's okay.
+\begin_layout Standard
+The menu
+\family sans
+ Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Spellchecker
+\family default
+ starts the spell checking beginning from the current cursor position.
+ A dialog window will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found,
+ allowing you to edit and replace it in a second line.
+ Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the text
+ scrolled so that it is visible.
+ In the
+\family sans
+spell checker
+\family default
+ dialog, there is also a box showing suggestions for a correction, if any
+ could be found.
+ Clicking on one of the corrections will copy to the
+\family sans
+Replace
+\family default
+ field, double-click invokes directly the replacement.
+ Unknown but correctly typed words can be added to the personal dictionary.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
- If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry about all
- of this.
- For those that do need to bother, there is help to catch those sneaky errors:
- check out the
+By default, the used dictionary file is determined by the document language
+ that is set in the
\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-C
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-eck\InsetSpace ~
-TeX
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- feature described in
-\emph on
-Extended Editing
-\emph default
-.
+ dialog.
+ If you do not have a dictionary for the document language, spell checking
+ will bring an error message.
+ In this case, you can specify another dictionary file in the dialog by
+ specifying a different
+\family sans
+Alternative language
+\family default
+ in preferences dialog.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:quotes"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+After a spell check you'll informed about the number of checked words.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Limitations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
- For example,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+It is not possible to change the spelling of a particular word globally,
+ rather than having to change the spelling separately for each occurrence
+ of the word.
+ But you can use the
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-open close
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- The keyboard character,
-\family sans
-"
+Replace
\family default
-, generates this automatically.
+ dialog for that.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-New in version 1.4:
-\series default
- To get single quotation marks, you have to press
-\family sans
-C-"
+LyX cannot correctly spell check documents containing multiple languages.
+ This does work with
+\family typewriter
+pspell
\family default
-.
- This produces quotation marks like this:
-\begin_inset Quotes els
-\end_inset
+, assuming you have marked the different languages appropriately.
+\end_layout
-'.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Further Settings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also select quotes for different languages via the
+The
\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ype
+Spellchecker
\family default
- option.
- There are six choices:
+ section in the preferences dialog has some additional options:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Description
+Escape
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+characters Allows you to add non-standard characters that the spell checker
+ should consider, e.g.
+ German umlauts although you spell check English document.
+ This should not normally be needed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Personal
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+dictionary to use a different file than the spell checker's default choice
+ as your personal dictionary
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+compound
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like this
+words Prevent the spell checker from complaining about compounded words
+ like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-double
+passthrough
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes els
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-single
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
+input
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+encoding Uses the document encoding that is set in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ also for the spellchecker.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The encodings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Settings"
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+ Only enable this if you use
+\family typewriter
+ispell
+\family default
+ and can't spell check words with international letters in them.
+ There have been reports that this does not work with all dictionaries,
+ so this is disabled by default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Thesaurus
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Thesaurus
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- or 'this
-\begin_inset Quotes ers
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Thesaurus"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+Thesaurus currently only works when you use the document language English.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To start the thesaurus, highlight one word or set the cursor behind it,
+ and use the menu
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thesaurus
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/thesaurus-entry.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
+.
+ A dialog pops up showing you probably related words that you can use as
+ replacement.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The shown related words are in many cases not really related to the word
+ you are currently checking, scrolling in the shown list might help in some
+ cases to find related words.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The thesaurus only works for single words, and also only when it is in the
+ singular form.
+ For example starting the thesaurus with the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+reports
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes gld
+ leads to no results, while results are shown for the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grd
+report
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes gls
+.
+ To avoid this, you can highlight only the part
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes grs
+report
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ of the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+reports
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ to get results.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Section
+Change Tracking
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes pld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Change Tracking
+\end_layout
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes pls
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes prs
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you work on a document together with many people it is extremely useful
+ to see changes others made highlighted in the document.
+ You can then decide if you accept a change or not.
+ This can be achieved by turning on change tracking in the menu
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+Changes
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Changes made in the document will then be highlighted by colors:
+\color blue
+Blue text
+\color inherit
+ is an addition,
+\color red
+red canceled text
+\color inherit
+ is a deletion.
+ You can change the color in LyX's preferences dialog under
+\family sans
+Look
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes fls
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frs
+feel
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Colors
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! LyX screen
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMM
+\begin_layout Standard
+When change tracking is activated, you will see the review toolbar in LyX:
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Review
+\end_layout
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
-\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes ald
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ard
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes als
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ChangesToolbar.png
+
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes ars
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Again, this affects what character the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key produces.
+The review toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-On the other hand, if you want to produce a bona-fide quote character, type
-
-\family sans
-M-"
-\family default
-.
- This produces:
-\family typewriter
-"
-\family default
-.
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ligatures"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-track.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Track
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Changes
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since LaTeX knows about ligatures, your LyX documents will contain them,
- too.
- Here are the possible ligatures:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-output.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once in a while, though, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Show
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Changes
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+in
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Output
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-next.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- To break a ligature, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\family sans
-Ligature\InsetSpace ~
-Break.
+\end_layout
-\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Jumps to the next change
+\end_layout
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-cuff\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-accept.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Dorf\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Change
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:widows"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/change-reject.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- You may remember once printing out a document, only to find the heading
- for a new section printed at the very bottom of the page, the first line
- of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom of a page, or the last line
- of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These dangly-bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into LaTeX governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there
- to specifically prevent widows and orphans.
- This is the advantage LyX has in using LaTeX as its backend.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Change
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
- or how you can tweak that behavior.
- Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/changes-merge.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
- or\InsetSpace ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-] may have more information.
- You will almost never need to worry about this, however.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Floats: Tables, Figures, Footnotes and Margin Notes
-\begin_inset OptArg
-status collapsed
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Tables, Figures, and Notes
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Merge
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Changes
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/all-changes-accept.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unlike other typesetting programs, LyX uses
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-foldable
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- boxes instead of displaying its footnotes at the bottom of the screen or
- somewhere else in your text.
- When you insert a footnote with
\family sans
-\series medium
-\bar under
-I
-\bar no
-nsert
-\series default
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\series medium
-\bar under
-F
-\bar no
-ootnote,
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you'll first see a
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- grey
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-box with a
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- red
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Accept
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-foot
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is LyX's representation of your footnote.
- You can enter your text into this box.
- If you click the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Changes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/all-changes-reject.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
\end_inset
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Change
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-fold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Tracking\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Reject
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+All
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- Clicking on the button again will
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
+Changes
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-unfold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the footnote.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-To close this footnote, click on the red box at the top left.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- You will not see any numbers within LyX.
- You don't need to worry about those, anyhow, because LyX does the numbering
- for you, as well as putting the footnote at the bottom of the correct page,
- when it processes your file.
- If you want to turn already existing text into a footnote, simply mark
- it and click on the footnote button (a picture of text with an arrow pointing
- to stuff in the bottom margin).
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- Vice versa, you can change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
-\family sans
-Backspace
-\family default
- key when the cursor is in the first position of a footnote, or by hitting
- the
\family sans
-Delete
-\family default
- key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively
- (this works for all
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-foldable
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Note
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- boxes in LyX).
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-next.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-What LyX cannot do, yet, is take care of special needs like setting the
- footnote numbering back to 1 after each section in the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-article
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\family roman
-document class or changing the counter
-\family default
-
-\family roman
-style.
- You'll need to insert LaTeX commands like th
-\family default
-os
-\family roman
-e
-\family default
- described in the
-\emph on
-Tricks for Footnotes and Marginpars
-\emph default
- section of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Next
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Note
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\emph on
-Extended
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-Features
-\emph default
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-NOTE: A float in LaTeX and LyX isn't a simple paragraph as with usual word
- processors.
- It is a complex text structure that may contain everything except floats.
- That means you can use all the layouts inside a float, even figures and
- tables.
- You may not need this too often, but if you do occasionally need it, it's
- a neat feature.
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Margin Notes
+\begin_layout Standard
+The review toolbar helps you to accept, reject, or merge changes -- highlight
+ the change and press one of the desired toolbar buttons.
+ When you merge changes, a window pops up showing you informations about
+ the next change behind the current cursor position.
+ So you don't need to highlight a certain change.
+ Within the merge window you can decide to accept or reject changes and
+ step to the next change.
+ This way you can jump through all changes of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Margin notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
- When you insert a margin note via
-\family sans
-\series medium
-\bar under
-I
-\bar no
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+The toolbar has two buttons to handle notes because notes are often important
+ to describe a change.
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-M
-\bar no
-argin
-\series default
-\bar default
-\InsetSpace ~
-N
-\series medium
-\bar no
-ote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- or the toolbar button (which contains a picture of text in a margin with
- an arrow pointing to it), you'll see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
- grey
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with a
-\family default
+\begin_layout Standard
+To show made changes in the output you need the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+dvipost
\series default
- red
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! dvipost
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ installed.
+ You find it in the TeX Catalogue,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "TeXCatalogue"
+
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+ or in the package manager of your LaTeX-system.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is a margin note.
+\begin_layout Section
+International Support
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+International support
\end_layout
\end_inset
- This box is LyX's representation of your margin note.
- You can enter your text into this box.
- If you click the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.
+ For some non-western languages there are special Wiki-pages that explain
+ how to set up LyX to use them:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew"
+
\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label, the box will
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides languages, LyX also supports phonetic symbols, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-fold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Special-Character"
+
\end_inset
.
- You can access it at a later time by clicking on the
-\family default
-\series default
- label again
-\family roman
-\series medium
-, thereby
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-unfolding
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language Options
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- the margin note.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Options
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-As a default, LyX uses 1.9 cm (0.75 inches) as the margin width to allow room
- for margin notes.
- This might not be what you're looking for, but as with footnotes, LyX cannot
- yet do everything LaTeX has to offer.
- You might want to consult your LaTeX handbook for additional commands.
-
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Figures and Imported Graphics
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:figures"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Language
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-No document preparation system is complete without the ability to import
- graphics from other utilities into the document.
- In LyX, these are referred to as ``figures'' whether they are actually
- figures in the traditional sense or simply some kind of imported image.
+The
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog lets you set
+\family roman
+the language and character encoding for your language.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that figures referred to here are do not have captions and sit wherever
- in the document you place them.
- If you need one of these features, see sec.\InsetSpace ~
+Choose your language in the
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+ section of this dialog.
+ The default is
+\family sans
+English
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ box lets you choose the character encoding map you want to use for LaTeX
+ export.
+ The option
+\family sans
+use language's default encoding
+\family default
+ is the preferred choice and works well in most cases.
+ For details about the different encoding options see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figurefloats"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Settings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard mapping configuration
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Keyboard-mapping"
\end_inset
- below.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To place a figure in your document, click on the second right-most icon
- on the toolbar, or select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+If you have for example a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a different
+ language than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
+ For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
+ you can configure LyX to use an Italian keymap.
+ The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings,
+ see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-G
-\bar default
-raphics...
-\family default
- from the menu.
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Keyboard-Map"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
+ which one you want to use.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A dialog will appear for you to choose the file to load.
- You can also change any settings you need to in this dialog.
+Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
+ different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
+ You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.S.
+ keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
+ In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
+ one to support the characters you want.
+ This and much more customizations are explained in the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- display color
- scale 70
- scaleBeforeRotation
- rotateOrigin center
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Character Tables
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:keytab"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous parameters, though most should be self-explanatory.
- The
-\family sans
-File
-\family default
- field allows you to choose your image file.
- (See Section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:How-it-works"
-
-\end_inset
-
- for information on supported formats.) The figure can be transformed by
- setting a rotation angle, setting the output size, and clipping the image.
- It is possible to set the clipping parameters automatically for some image
- formats by clicking the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Clip to bounding box
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- check box under the
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- tab.
- For scaling, you can set the scale directly by using a percentage value,
- or you can set the width and height explicitly.
- (See Table
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:Units-for-image"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:The-latin1-character"
\end_inset
- for the available units.) If you set only one of these, the other will be
- determined automatically.
- If you set both, then the image will be transformed to the given size,
- possibly distorting it.
- If you do not want the image distorted, check the
-\family sans
-Maintain aspect ratio
+ shows the
+\family typewriter
+Latin1
\family default
- box.
- The image will then be scaled so that its width and height do not exceed
- the specified dimensions.
+ character set.
+ You should be able to enter the characters in the first eight columns directly
+ from the keyboard.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to control the display of the figure in LyX and the display
- in the final document separately, which can be very useful for large figures.
- LaTeX wizards can specify additional LaTeX options in the
+There are a few things you need to know about this table.
+ Here are some of the details you'll need to bear in mind when using characters
+ from the
+\family typewriter
+Latin1
+\family default
+ character set:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Even if you have selected
\family sans
-LaTeX and LyX Options
+latin1
\family default
- tab.
- You can also set the
+ in the
\family sans
-Subfigure
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
- option here, for use in figure floats (see Section\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figurefloats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
- See the documentation for the LaTeX-package
+ dialog, users who have only the
\family typewriter
-subfigure
+T1
\family default
- for more information.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-How it works
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sub:How-it-works"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has the ability to handle literally any graphics format in the known
- universe so long as a conversion path from this graphics format to the
- target output format can be created.
- If that sounds a little obtuse, consider how LyX handles Encapsulated PostScrip
-t® figures.
- LaTeX provides native support for this format, so LyX needs do nothing
- other than use the
+-fonts for LaTeX [or who have the
\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-includegraphics
+T1
\family default
- LaTeX command to insert the figure in the final document.
+-fonts but aren't using them] will still miss a few characters: D0, F0,
+ DE, FE, AB, and BB -- the uppercase and lowercase eth and thorn, and the
+ french quotes won't show up.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
-placement t
wide false
sideways false
-status collapsed
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:Units-for-image"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cap:The-latin1-character"
\end_inset
-Units for setting the image size
+The
+\family typewriter
+latin1
+\family default
+ character set
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="17">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+00
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-unit
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+10
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-name/description
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+20
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-mm
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+30
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-millimetre
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+40
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-cm
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+50
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-centimetre
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+60
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-in
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+70
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-inch
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+80
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-pt
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+90
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-point (72.27\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-pt = 1 in)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+A0
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-pc
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B0
\end_layout
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</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-pica (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
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-pt)
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+\family roman
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+\shape up
+\size tiny
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\end_layout
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</cell>
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-sp
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+\family roman
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\end_layout
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\end_layout
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\begin_inset Text
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-\begin_layout Standard
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-dd
-\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
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-mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
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-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Standard
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\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-
-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Standard
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\end_layout
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</cell>
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-pheight%
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<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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-\begin_layout Standard
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\end_layout
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</cell>
</row>
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-height of letter
-\emph on
-x
-\emph default
- in current font
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-width of letter
-\emph on
-M
-\emph default
- in current font
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+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+!
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-mu
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+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-math unit (1\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-mu = 1/18\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-em)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
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+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
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+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+Q
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
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+\bar no
+\noun off
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\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To view the figure on the LyX screen, however, some additional work is required
- because neither the XForms nor the Qt GUI libraries can load PostScript®
- figures themselves.
- The XForms library can load figures in the following, widely used graphics
- formats:
-\family typewriter
-bmp
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gif
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-jpeg
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-pbm
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-pgm
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-ppm
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-tif
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-xbm
-\family default
- whilst the Qt library can also handle
-\family typewriter
-mng
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-png
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-xpm
-\family default
- format figures.
- Thus, LyX must initiate a conversion from Encapsulated PostScript® to a
- loadable graphics format.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It does this using the powerful, configurable converters mechanism exposed
- in the
-\family sans
-Converters
-\family default
- section of the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
- dialog.
- If LyX cannot create a conversion path (which might have many steps) from
- Encapsulated PostScript® to one of the loadable formats listed above, then
- it defaults to the use of ImageMagick's
-\family typewriter
-convert
-\family default
- utility.
- If, after all that, LyX
-\emph on
-still
-\emph default
- cannot load the figure, then it'll tell you so with a message
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Error converting to loadable format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- in place of an on-screen view of your figure.
- If you're presented with such a message, then you'll need to augment the
- list of known converters.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This strategy is used both to generate on-screen views of your image and
- when generating the final document.
- In the latter case, the LaTeX compiler must be supplied with graphics files
- in PostScript® format.
- Similarly the PDFLaTeX compiler requires files in
-\family typewriter
-pdf
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-png
-\family default
- or
-\family typewriter
-jpeg
-\family default
- format.
- LyX will handle the necessary conversions behind the scenes.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Figure Floats
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+q
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Using Figure Floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:figurefloats"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The problem with inserting figures straight into your text is that they
- might make the pagination of your document extremely awkward.
- To suit the LyX mentality of automating such processes, you might find
- it preferable to use
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-, which LyX (actually, LaTeX) is free to move about your document as it
- deems necessary for a good fit.
- In return, LyX automates the listing of these figures and allows you to
- place a caption on them, using the
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment explained in Section\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:captionlayout"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To place a
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Float
-\family default
- simply select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Flo
-\bar under
-a
-\bar default
-t\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Figure
-\family default
- from the menu bar.
- You will get a float without a figure in it; use the toolbar icon described
- above to insert the actual figure.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-placement htbp
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "fig:escher"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-M.C.
- Escher on acid.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+¡
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
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+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
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\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
- display color
- scaleBeforeRotation
- rotateOrigin center
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+Á
\end_layout
\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ñ
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float figure
-placement htbp
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- display color
- scaleBeforeRotation
- rotateOrigin center
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+á
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "fig:kill-plat"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ñ
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+02
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It seems simple, but there is subtlety involved in the placement of the
- caption.
- If you prefer your caption to appear below the figure, then you must press
- return when the cursor is at the very start of the caption, and insert
- the figure in the new paragraph created above the caption; or you can delete
- the caption and recreate it by selecting the
-\family sans
-Caption
-\family default
- environment after the figure has been inserted.
- This is what we did for figure
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:kill-plat"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
- If the cursor is in a paragraph after the caption when you insert the
-\family sans
-Figure
-\family default
- then it will be inserted after the caption, as was the case for
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:escher"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
- It is preferred to use one
-\family sans
-Figure
-\family default
- per
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
-.
- This allows LyX [actually LaTeX] to best position each figure.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a float opens a dialog where you can alter the placement
- options that LaTeX uses for positioning the float (see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:float-locn"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-).
-
-\family sans
-Span\InsetSpace ~
-columns
-\family default
- is only useful for two-column documents: if you select it, the float will
- span across both columns on the page instead of being confined to just
- one.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-This figure also shows how we place a label and create a cross-reference
- to it; as you would expect from reading section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:crossref"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- you can simply insert a
-\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel
-\family default
- in the caption and refer to it using a
-\family sans
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ross\InsetSpace ~
-Reference
-\family default
- as normal.
- It is especially important to use these with figure floats, rather than
- using vague references to
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-the above figure,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- as LaTeX will reposition your floats for you in the final document; it
- might not be
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-above
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- at all.
- If it is not possible to fit the floats neatly on the same page as the
- text which refers to it, the figures will be placed on a separate page
- by themselves.
- Rest assured that the overall effect is usually quite nice.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+2
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that the caption is used in a
-\family sans
-List\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-igures
-\family default
- (as described in Section\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:ListsOf"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+B
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-) automatically, should you choose to include one in your document.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Float Placement
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:float-locn"
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+R
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+b
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now, the whole idea behind
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
- [as well as
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-, which we introduce later] is to allow LyX to place a figure [or table]
- on a page in a consistent, sensible fashion.
- The rules LaTeX uses are rather arcane; refer to the LaTeX documentation
- for the exact details.
- You can use check boxes in the float dialog to set placement for a particular
- float.
- By default, each float uses the document's default placement rules.
- You can change these, if you wish, in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The
-\family sans
-Float\InsetSpace ~
-placement
-\family default
- box takes a LaTeX-style placement specification.
- You can place any combination of four letters in the
-\family sans
-Float\InsetSpace ~
-placement
-\family default
- box, in any order:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-h
-\family default
- for
-\emph on
-here
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+r
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-t
-\family default
- for
-\emph on
-top
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-b
-\family default
- for
-\emph on
-bottom
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-p
-\family default
- for
-\emph on
-page
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+¢
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The letters correspond to the following behaviour:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Description
-Here: LyX tries to put the
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- at the same point in the text where you put it.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-If there isn't enough room, LyX tries one of the other three location types.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+²
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Top: LyX tries to put the
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- at the top of the current page.
- If the figure won't fit on the current page, it goes to the next page.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Description
-Bottom: LyX tries to put the
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- at the bottom of the current page.
- If there isn't room, it goes to the next page.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Page: LyX tries to put the
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
- (or a number of
-\family sans
-Float
-\family default
-s) on a page of its own.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Â
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There is some subtlety to how this all works.
- The order specifies what location LyX should try first.
- If that one fails, it tries the next one, and so on, though
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-h
-\family default
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ò
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+â
+\end_layout
- will always take precedence if it appears in the list.
- The default placement list is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-tbp
-\family default
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ò
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-: try the top of a text page first, then the bottom of a text page, then
- on a page by itself.
- If you want LyX to try
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-really hard
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+03
+\end_layout
- to place the figure where you command it, precede the list with an exclamation
- point; for example
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
-!htbp
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
- Here are some example entries and what they do:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-hbp
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Try putting the figure/table at its actual position in the text.
- If that doesn't work, put it on the bottom of the page.
- If that fails, put it on a separate page.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+#
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-!hbp
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Try really hard to put the figure/table at its actual position in the text.
- Then the bottom of the page, then on a separate page.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+3
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-tp
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+C
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Put the figure/table at the top of each page.
- If it's too long, put it on a separate page.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+S
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family sans
-p
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+c
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Always put figures and tables on their own page.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Subsection
-XFig and LyX
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+s
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One obvious question is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-how would I create the figures?
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- Fortunately, the answer is included in most Linux and/or LaTeX distributions.
-
-\family typewriter
-XFig
-\family default
- is a powerful though slightly awkward drawing tool.
- If you want to include figures that you have created with
-\family typewriter
-XFig
-\family default
- there are several ways.
- We recommend the following:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Export the figure as Encapsulated PostScript.
- This could be very easy included into LyX as described in the previous
- sections.
- The great advantage of this way is, that you have the full power of PostScript®
- available.
- That means Bezier curves, colors, all line thicknesses and many more.
- If you have inserted text into your fig-document this will be printed with
- PostScript fonts, which is OK\SpecialChar \@.
- The figure can be manipulated like any other
- EPS figure, as described above.
-
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-The only disadvantage is that you cannot create formulas as PostScript text
- except by hand.
- If you also need formulas or simple exponents or indices in your figure,
- the next way is recommended.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Export the figure as LaTeX.
- This is just as easy to include into LyX, with the advantage that you may
- use all LaTeX commands within the text inside XFig.
- Therefore you have to set the
-\emph on
-special flag
-\emph default
- for text in XFig.
- This is automatic if you invoke XFig with
-\family typewriter
-xfig\InsetSpace ~
--specialtext
-\family default
-.
- If this is done and you have also chosen a LaTeX font you may simply write
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-$H_2$
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- in
-\family typewriter
-XFig\SpecialChar \@.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+£
+\end_layout
-\family default
- If you export this figure as LaTeX and include it in LyX with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Chil
-\bar under
-d
-\bar default
-\InsetSpace ~
-Document
-\family default
- (see description in
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
-) this text will appear as
-\begin_inset Formula $H_{2}$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-The disadvantage of this way is that the graphical power of LaTeX isn't
- as strong as PostScript®\SpecialChar \@.
- You cannot use all thicknesses of lines and, more
- annoyingly, not all slopes.
- This is why we recommend the third way for more complex figures.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+³
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Export the figure as LaTeX/PostScript combined.
- Then
-\family typewriter
-XFig
-\family default
- [
-\family typewriter
-transfig
-\family default
-, really] will generate two files:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-the PostScript part
-\family typewriter
-foo.pstex
-\family default
-, that contains all painting.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-the LaTeX part
-\family typewriter
-foo.pstex_t
-\family default
-, that contains all text and a link to the PostScript part.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ã
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-Then you just have to include the LaTeX part as described above.
- This will automatically include the PostScript part, too.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you get an error like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-unknown graphics extension pstex
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- you have to declare these graphic extensions.
- I think this is a
-\family typewriter
-transfig
-\family default
- bug that occurs with LaTeX2e.
- Simply add a line like
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ó
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-@namedef{Gin@rule@ps_tex}#1{{eps}{ps_tex}{#1}}
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ã
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-in the file
-\family typewriter
-/usr/lib/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def
-\family default
-.
- Then add
-\family typewriter
-pstex
-\family default
- to the extension:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-Gin@extensions{eps, ps, pstex, eps.gz, ps.gz, eps=2EZ}
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ó
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This should fix the whole thing.
- Alternatively you may export the postscript part as
-\family typewriter
-foo.eps
-\family default
- and change the LaTeX part
-\family typewriter
-foo.pstex_t
-\family default
- manually.
- But this is annoying.
-
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+04
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- This way you have the full PostScript® and LaTeX power combined except
- for the possibility to scale the figure after creating.
- So if you want scalable pictures, the PostScript format is your only choice.
- Another little advantage of letting LaTeX typeset the font is that the
- same font will appear in your figures as in your text, which looks a little
- nicer.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Tables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:tables"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has powerful table support, but LaTeX can do many more things with tables
- than LyX is currently capable of, so you might want to look at a good LaTeX
- book if the features described here should turn out to be inadequate.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a table using either the table toolbar button or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able
-\family default
-.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
- The default table has lines at the top and to the left of every cell, a
- line to the right of the rightmost column and a line at the bottom of the
- lowest row, forming a box around the table.
- Additionally, the topmost row also has a line at the bottom, which causes
- this row to appear separated from the rest of the table.
- Here's an example:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+$
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0in">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+4
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-12
+D
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-45
+T
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-98
+d
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-A
+t
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+¤
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+´
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-B
+Ä
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ô
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-multi
+ä
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ô
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-C
+05
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+%
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+5
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+E
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table dialog
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
- brings up a settings dialog.
- Among these options are:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Adding/removing border lines from a row or column.
- If you remove the top line from one of the rows, you'll get a dotted line
- in LyX, but no line will appear in the printout.
- If you set the bottom line of one row and the top line of the row below,
- then the rows are separated by a small space, as you can see with the top
- row in the example above.
- You can do the same vertically if you set the right line of a column and
- the left line of the column to the right.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+U
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Text alignment in a column
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Appending rows and columns
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Deleting rows, columns, or the entire table
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+e
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Multicolumn
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Setting a fixed width for a column
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Longtable options - this is useful if your table is higher than the paper.
- Then the table is split on the bottom of the page and continued on the
- next one, instead of running of the end of the page.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+u
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Rotate the whole table or a single cell sideways, by 90 degrees
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also use the menu to perform these operations.
- Try
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family default
-\bar under
-T
-\family sans
-\bar default
-able
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Rows&
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ols
-\family default
- when the cursor is inside a table.
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most of these options also work on selections.
- This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
- done on all of your selection.
- Note that there is a difference between selecting the
-\emph on
-contents
-\emph default
- of the cell, and the cell itself.
- If you can see a red border inside a cell, then a selection will select
- the contents.
- If you press
-\family sans
-Escape
-\family default
- or click outside of the box, then the selection will select cells (whether
- you use the mouse or the normal cursor-movement keys).
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When you append a row, it is added
-\emph on
-below
-\emph default
- the row containing the cursor.
- Similarly, columns are appended to the
-\emph on
-right
-\emph default
- of the cursor.
- This makes it difficult to add columns on the left edge of a table without
- a lot of cutting and pasting.
- Deletion is always performed on the row or column containing the cursor.
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The multicolumn option merges two or more adjacent cells on a given row.
- For example, in the above table, row
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-B
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+¥
+\end_layout
- has had multicolumn applied to the columns labelled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-45
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+µ
+\end_layout
-98.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- To use it, you must first select the cells, then choose
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
- from the menu.
- This will not work vertically - see the Table Examples document for how
- to do this.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also use
-\family sans
-Multicolumn
-\family default
- if you need to have a special handling for a single table cell's top and
- bottom border lines and text alignment.
- Here an example of this special handling of a cell:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Å
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-*
+Õ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-x
+å
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-y
+õ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-point a & b
+06
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-103
+&
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-9
+6
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-point b & a
+F
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-599
+V
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-340
+f
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-point abc
+v
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+¦
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-1009
+¶
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-52
+Æ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
-\series bold
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-point abcd
+Ö
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-96
+æ
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-11
+ö
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size tiny
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+07
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You see here that the header line cells are aligned to the center, whereas
- the left column is aligned to the left, and the other columns are aligned
- to the right.
- Also the bottom and top line of two cells have been removed.
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-I can make nothing of this explanation.
- An improvement would be nice :) - jbl
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want your column to have a fixed width, then you can insert a width
- in the
-\family sans
-Width
-\family default
- input-field of the
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- dialog.
- This will then allow the cell to have multiple paragraphs of text.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-If your table becomes too large to fit on a portrait document layout, you
- can select the
-\family sans
-Rotate\InsetSpace ~
-90°
-\family default
- button, and the table will appear sideways (this means landscape in a portrait
- document style).
- You might also like to rotate single table cells to give them more horizontal
- space.
- The example below demonstrates why it is useful to rotate single cells.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+`
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\emph on
-Note:
-\emph default
- This
-\family sans
-Rotate\InsetSpace ~
-90°
-\family default
- option will
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- display on screen, and works
-\emph on
-only
-\emph default
- for PostScript output.
- So, if you want to preview them, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Pos
-\bar under
-t
-\bar default
-script
-\family default
-, as
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
- will not show the table properly.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+7
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="12">
-<features>
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Description
+G
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 1
+W
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 2
+g
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 3
+w
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 4
+§
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 5
+·
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Flag 6
+Ç
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rotate="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_layout Standard
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+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ë
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Û
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ë
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="2" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+û
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-30
+0C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-What can be placed inside a table cell?
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Many objects can be placed inside a table cell.
- Any single line of text, an equation (not a displayed or multilined equation,
- though), or a figure can be in a cell; in fact, all three kinds of objects
- can be placed in the same cell.
- Font sizes and shapes can be altered, and the table will adjust to display
- them properly.
- However, you can't put a special environment in a cell (like
-\family sans
-Section*
-\family default
-, etc.), nor set spacing options etc.
- for the cell's paragraph.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Cut & Paste in Tables
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Cutting and pasting between tables works reasonably well.
- You can cut and paste even more than one row.
- Selection with the mouse or with
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- plus the arrow keys works as usual.
- The values in the second table below were cut and pasted from the first,
- using the mouse to select and paste.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-1
+,
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-2
+<
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-3
+L
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-4
+
+\backslash
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-5
+l
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-6
+|
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-7
+¬
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-8
+¼
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-9
+Ì
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-1
+Ü
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-2
+ì
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-3
+ü
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-4
+0D
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-5
+-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-6
+=
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-7
+M
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+]
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+m
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that you can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit
- by starting the selection from outside the table.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Multiple lines in cells
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to have multi-line entries in tables, but not in a completely
- WYSIWYM manner.
- Define a fixed length for the column in the
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- dialog.
- After this, your text is automatically split into more lines and the cell
- enlarged vertically when the length of the text exceeds the given fixed
- length.
- An example:
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="3cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-1
+½
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-2
+Í
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-3
+Ý
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-4
+í
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-This is a multiline entry in a table.
+ý
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-5
+0E
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-6
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-This is longer now.
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-7
+>
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-8
+N
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-This is a multiline entry in a table.
- This is longer now.
+^
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-9
+n
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Text within a cell will not normally wrap to fit the page, so if a line
- of text in a table is too long, the table will extend beyond the right
- margin of the page.
- Similarly, tables will not split themselves at the bottom of a page, and
- so might extend below the bottom margin.
- You have these options to resolve this problem:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Split it into two tables.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Select the
-\family sans
-Longtable
-\family default
- button in the
-\family sans
-Table
-\family default
- dialog.
- This automatically splits the table over more pages, if it is too tall.
- After doing this, the list of
-\family sans
-Longtable
-\family default
- buttons activate themselves and you may now define:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above that don't have any special options
- defined are defined to be the header rows of the first page of the longtable.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Header
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows above that don't have any special options
- defined are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the first page, if
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below that don't have any special options
- defined are defined to be the footer rows of all pages of the longtable;
- except for the last page, if
-\family sans
-Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer
-\family default
- is defined.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\family sans
-Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer
-\family default
-: The current row and all rows below that don't have any special options
- defined are defined to be the footer rows of the last page of the longtable.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
- of the fact that only the first flag is used in the given table rows.
- The others will then be defined as
-\emph on
-empty
-\emph default
-.
- In this context, first means first in this order:
-\family sans
-Footer, Last\InsetSpace ~
-footer,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Header,
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-First\InsetSpace ~
-header.
-
-\family default
- See the
-\family typewriter
-TableExamples.lyx
-\family default
- example file to see how this works.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The check box in the long table options can be used to specify specific
- rows to break the page on as well.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-A table can also be placed in a float, as described below, which will allow
- TeX to place it as well as it can within the page.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Table Floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:table float"
-
-\end_inset
-
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Outside of a float, the table will be positioned exactly where it is placed
- in the document.
- Using a
-\family sans
-\shape up
-Tabl
-\bar under
-e
-\bar default
-\InsetSpace ~
-Float
-\family default
-\shape default
- from the
-\family sans
-\shape up
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Flo
-\shape default
-\bar under
-a
+\family roman
+\series medium
\shape up
-\bar default
-t
-\family default
-\shape default
- menu will enable LaTeX to place the table where it fits best, rather than
- exactly where you insert it.
- Float placement for table floats is similar to that for figure floats
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figurefloats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, and is described in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:float-locn"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Captions also work the same way as with figure floats, as described in
- section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figurefloats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Table
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "table:a table float"
-
-\end_inset
-
- is an example of a table float.
-\begin_inset Float table
-placement htbp
-wide false
-sideways false
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "table:a table float"
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+~
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-A table float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-1
+®
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-2
+¾
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-3
+Î
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Joe
+Þ
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Mary
+î
\end_layout
\end_inset
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-Ted
+þ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
+\size tiny
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
+0F
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-a & b\\
-c & d\end{array}\right]$
+/
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+?
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
-\size normal
\emph off
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
+O
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+_
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+o
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Table of Contents and other Listings
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:toc"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-One of the really nice features of LaTeX is the ease with which it lets
- you create various
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Lists,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
- such as a Table of Contents.
- All you need to do is to use certain environments and insert a reference
- at the place where you want the list to appear.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+¯
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table of Contents
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+¿
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In order to get a Table of Contents, you need to do four things:
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+Ï
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Use a document class that includes support (all but
-\family typewriter
-letter
-\family default
-).
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ß
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Set paragraph environments appropriately:
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-(Sub...) Section
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-(Sub...), Paragraph
-\family default
-.
- Note that styles with a
-\family sans
-*
-\family default
-, like
-\family sans
-Section*
-\family default
-, will
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- appear in the Table of Contents.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ï
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Make sure you set the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ection\InsetSpace ~
-number\InsetSpace ~
-depth
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-contents
-\family default
-.
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
-depth
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-Document\InsetSpace ~
-Layout
-\family default
- dialog to the appropriate value as described in
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:section-depth"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\noun off
+\color none
+ÿ
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-Insert the ToC command at some place in the document.
- You'll find it under
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\InsetSpace ~
-/\InsetSpace ~
-T
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also bring up a dialog for navigating through your document with
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
+The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display
+ directly.
+ It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but
+ also the characters from
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--2
+\family default
+ through
+\family typewriter
+4
\family default
.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables and Algorithms
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:ListsOf"
+\begin_layout Itemize
+From
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--1
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-
+diaeresis
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.
- You can insert them from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\InsetSpace ~
-/\InsetSpace ~
+^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-OC
-\family default
- submenu.
- If you want figures, tables, or algorithms to appear in the list, you must
- place them inside a float of the relevant type and add a caption.
+circumflex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Mathematical Formulae
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Basic Math Editing
+grave
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon with
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
+´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
- on it.
- That will open a little blue square, with purple markers around it, on
- the corners.
- That blue square is the formula itself; the purple markers indicate what
- level of nesting within the formula you are at.
- You can also choose a particular formula type to insert via the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-M
-\bar default
-ath
-\family default
- menu; or you can use a keyboard macro,
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
-, or
-\family sans
-C-m
-\family default
- (CUA binding only).
+acute
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you simply need to type a single Greek letter, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-, there is a special shortcut.
- Just type
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-g\InsetSpace ~
-a
-\family default
- to get
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
-\end_inset
+tilde
+\end_layout
-,
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-g\InsetSpace ~
-b
-\family default
- to get
-\begin_inset Formula $\beta$
+\begin_layout Standard
+¸Çç
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-, etc.
+cedilla
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Editing the parameters of a formula may be done from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+¯
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Pane
-\bar under
-l
-\family default
-\bar default
- dialog, by
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math
-\family default
-, or by clicking the right mouse button on the formula.
- The math panel is very useful, so you may want to open it and leave it
- somewhere on the screen.
- If you're not already in a formula, selecting anything from the math panel
- will insert a formula for you.
+macron
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Navigating a Formula
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+From
+\family typewriter
+ISO8859--2
+\family default
+ through
+\family typewriter
+4
+\family default
+:
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-The best control over cursor position within an existing formula is achieved
- with the arrow keys.
- Mathed uses small squares to indicate places where something can be inserted.
- The arrow keys can be used to navigate between parts of a formula.
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- will leave a fraction or other formula construct (a square root
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2}$
+ĤĴĥĵĈĜŜĉĝŝ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-, or parentheses
-\begin_inset Formula $\left(f\right)$
-\end_inset
+circumflex
+\end_layout
-, or a matrix
-\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4\end{array}\right]$
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-).
- Pressing
-\family sans
-Escape
-\family default
- will leave the formula, placing the cursor after the formula.
-
-\family sans
-Tab
-\family default
- can be used to move horizontally in a formula; for example, through the
- cells of a matrix or the positions in a multi-line equation.
+acute
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- seems to do nothing in Mathed, since it does not in fact add a space between
- characters, but it does exit a nested structure.
- For this reason, you have to be careful about using
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- For example, if you want
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x+1}$
+Ĩı̃Ũũ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
-, type
-\family typewriter
+tilde
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\family default
-then
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-, then
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
+cedilla
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-2x+1
-\family default
-, not
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Standard
+ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sqrt
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
-Space\InsetSpace ~
+macron
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-2x
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
-Space\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+ŐŰőű
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-+
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
-Space\InsetSpace ~
+Hungarian umlaut
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts.
+ In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters.
+ Also make sure you're using the
\family typewriter
-1
+T1
\family default
-, since in the latter case only the
-\family typewriter
-
-\begin_inset Formula $2x$
-\end_inset
+ font-encoding.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
+\start_of_appendix
+The User Interface
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:The-User-Interface"
-\family default
- will be under the square root sign,
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{2x}+1$
\end_inset
-.
- For those who learned to space out expressions in this way, it takes a
- little unlearning.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
- in, such as:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-\lambda_{1}\\
- & \ddots\\
- & & \lambda_{n}\end{array}\right).\]
+This appendix lists all available menus and describes its functionality.
+ It is designed as quick reference if you are searching for a special topic
+ inside the user's guide.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+The File Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-If you leave a fraction only partially filled in, or a subscript with nothing
- in it, the results will be unpredictable, but most constructs don't mind.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! File
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Selecting Text
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
- Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
+Under the
\family sans
-Shift
+File
\family default
- and a cursor movement key to select text.
- It will be highlighted as with regular text selection.
- Alternatively, you can select text with the mouse in the usual way.
- That text can then be cut or copied, and then pasted within any formula
- (not in a plain text region in LyX, though).
+ menu are the basic operations in addition to some more advanced operations.
+ At the end of the menu the four last opened documents are listed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Exponents and Subscripts
+New
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can use the math panel to add superscripts or subscripts, but the much
- easier way is to use the standard TeX method.
- To get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}$
-\end_inset
+Creates a new document.
+\end_layout
-, type (in Mathed)
-\family typewriter
-x^2
-\family default
- then
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- The final
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- puts the cursor back down on the base line of the expression, instead of
- in the superscript.
- If you type
-\family typewriter
-x^2y
-\family default
-, you will get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2y}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New from Template
+\end_layout
-, to get
-\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}y$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu prompts you for a template to use.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
+ the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+\end_layout
-, type
-\family typewriter
-x^2
-\family default
- then
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- then
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-y
-\family default
-.
- Subscripts are similar, to get
-\begin_inset Formula $a_{1}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a document.
+\end_layout
-, type (in Mathed)
-\family typewriter
-a_1
-\family sans
-\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Open Recent
+\end_layout
-\family default
-then
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
-.
- Note that by default, the superscript or subscript is only for the single
- symbol to the left, which changes the spacing and alignment; you should
- read section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Grouping"
+\begin_layout Standard
+The submenu shows a list of the recently opened files.
+ Click there on a file to open it.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Close
+\end_layout
- if you need to alter this.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Closes the current document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fractions
+Save
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Create a fraction with either
-\family typewriter
+Saves the actual document.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-frac
-\family default
- (in Mathed) or using the fraction icon in the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- dialog or the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
-\family default
- menu item
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-raction
-\family default
-.
- You will be presented with an empty fraction, with two Mathed insertion
- squares top and bottom.
- The cursor moves immediately to the top of the fraction.
- To move to the bottom, simply press
-\family sans
-Down
-\family default
-.
- To move back up, press
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
-.
- Any math structure can be placed in a fraction, as this example shows:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left[\frac{1}{\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-2 & 3\\
-4 & 5\end{array}\right)}\right]\]
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Save As
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Revert to saved
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Reloads the actual document from disk.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Sums and Integrals
+Version Control
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sum (
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
+This is used when more people are working on the same document.
+ It is described in the section
+\emph on
+Version Control in LyX
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-) and integral (
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
-\end_inset
+Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-) signs are very often decorated with one or more sets of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Import
+\end_layout
-limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can import there files from older LyX-versions, LaTeX-files, NoWeb-files,
+ plain text files, and comma separated, table like, text files (CSV).
+ The files will be imported as new LyX-document.
+\end_layout
-.
- These limits can be entered in LyX by entering them as you would enter
- a superscript or subscript, directly after the symbol.
- Sum will automatically place its
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Standard
+When using the menu
+\family sans
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Text, Join
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- over and under the symbol in display style, but will move them to the side
- when inlined, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e$
+Lines
+\family default
+, all lines will be imported consecutively to one big paragraph.
+ A new paragraph is started when there is a blank line in the file.
+ , the text is inserted as Paragraphs, where the line breaks of the text
+ will start a new paragraph.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Export
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Export"
+
\end_inset
-, versus
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We haven't yet explained what display vs.
- inline means...
+You can export your document to various file formats.
+ The resulting files are placed in the directory of your LyX-file.
+ The menu entries are not the same on all installations.
+ They depend on the programs found by LyX while its configuration.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list of all available entries; they are explained in detail in
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n}}{n}=\ln\left(\frac{1}{1-x}\right).\]
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Output-file-formats"
\end_inset
-Integral signs, however, will not by default move the limits to directly
- over and under the integral sign in display style, as in
-\begin_inset Formula $\int_{a}^{x}f(t)dt:=F(x)$
-\end_inset
+:
+\end_layout
-, versus
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dx}{1+x^{2}}=\pi.\]
+\begin_layout Description
+\family sans
+CJK
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Both symbols will be automatically re-sized when placed in display mode.
- In display mode, the placement of the limits (directly above and below,
- or offset to the right from the sign) can be changed by placing the cursor
- in front of the sign and hitting
-\family sans
-M-m l
+LyX
\family default
-.
- Exactly what change occurs depends on the sign.
-
+format of the special LyX 1.4.x versions for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
+ (CJK); (Since LyX 1.5.0 CJK support is fully integrated to LyX.)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Certain other mathematical expressions have this
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-moving limits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
- feature as addition, such as
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x),\]
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+ DVI-format
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML HTML-format (the HTML-converter is a third-party product and doesn't
+ work in all cases)
+\end_layout
-which will place the
-\begin_inset Formula $x\rightarrow\infty$
+\begin_layout Description
+HTML
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- underneath the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+(MS
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-lim
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+Word) HTML-format specialized so that the result can be imported to
+\family sans
+MS Word
+\family default
+, as consequence of this formulas will be embedded as bitmap fonts and not
+ in the format
+\family sans
+MathML
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
- in display mode, but not in inlined mode,
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x)$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
-.
- Note that the
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
- was entered as a function - you get it in LyX by typing
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-lim
-\family default
- in math-mode, or choosing from the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+{}
+\end_layout
-functions
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- menu in the math panel; see
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:math-functions"
-
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ text file with the LaTeX source, additionally all images used in the document
+ will be converted to a format that is readable for the
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
+\family default
+ program (GIF, JPG, PDF, PNG)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Special integral symbols
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
-Standard LaTeX does only provide a very limited set of integral symbols.
- Therefore several packages implement additional symbols, e.g.\InsetSpace ~
-moredimensional
- integrals like
-\begin_inset Formula $\iint$
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
- (
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-iint
-\family default
-).
- Unfortunately they do not always look consistent, e.g.\InsetSpace ~
-the
-\family typewriter
+{}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\iint$
\end_inset
- (
-\backslash
-iint)
+eX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(plain)
\family default
- symbol from the
+ text file with the LaTeX source code, additionally all images used in the
+ document will be converted to the EPS-format, only this format is readable
+ for the
\family typewriter
-wasysym
+latex
\family default
- package looks like
-\family typewriter
+ program
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\varint$
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- (
-\backslash
-varint
-\family default
-), not
-\family typewriter
+1.y.x LyX-document in a format readable for the LyX versions 1.y.x (
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\int$
+y
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (
-\backslash
-int
+ is replaced by the version number)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+OpenDocument OpenDocument-formatted text file, to be opened with
+\family sans
+OpenOffice
\family default
-).
- Therefore you should enable the automatic loading of the
-\family typewriter
-esint
+,
+\family sans
+KOffice
\family default
- package in
+,
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Abiword
\family default
- if you need special integrals.
- This package defines a complete set of consistent looking integral symbols.
- You can find most of them in the math panel.
- This document does use the
-\family typewriter
-wasysym
+, etc.
+ (the OpenDocument-converter is a third-party product and doesn't work in
+ all cases)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\family sans
+PDF
\family default
- package instead of the
+ PDF-format using the program
\family typewriter
-esint
-\family default
- package, because the latter is not yet included in all TeX distributions,
- so you can see the different looking integral symbols using
+ps2pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
+(dvipdfm)
\family default
-.
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvipdfm
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Math Panel
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:math-panel"
+\begin_layout Description
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+ PDF-format using the program
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_layout Description
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-anel
-\family default
- dialog (accessible via
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
+text
\family default
-) has a more extensive list of symbols and structures.
- As stated earlier, you can keep the math panel open when writing mathematics.
- The use of the panel should be fairly obvious; we'll describe some of the
- details in later sections.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that right-clicking on a formula opens the panel as well.
+ text format
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Other Math Symbols
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
-\begin_layout Standard
-Most math symbols can be found in the math panel under one of several categories
-; including
\family sans
-Greek
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\Gamma\rho\epsilon\epsilon\kappa$
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\family sans
-operators
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\pm\times$
+text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\family sans
-relations
+(ps2ascii)
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\leq\cong$
-\end_inset
-
-,
+ text format, the document will first be converted to Postscript format
+ and then exported as text using the program
\family sans
-arrows
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow\Leftrightarrow$
-\end_inset
+ps2ascii
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
-,
\family sans
-large\InsetSpace ~
-operators
+Postscript
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\sum\int$
-\end_inset
+ PostScript format using the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
-, and the dreaded
\family sans
-miscellaneous
+Custom
\family default
-.
- There are also the additional symbols provided by the American Mathematical
- Society (AMS).
- If you know the standard LaTeX macro for a particular symbol you which
- to use, you do not have to use these dialogs, but they will help for those
- symbols whose LaTeX name you do not know.
- Note that the AMS symbols will not be displayed as symbols in LyX unless
- you install the right fonts as described in the relevant manual.
+ custom format
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to get an nth root symbol.
- In the minibuffer, type
+The program
\family typewriter
-math-insert root
-\family default
-.
- This generates a root symbol with an extra box above the root sign.
- Use
-\family sans
-Up
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Down
+dvipdfm
\family default
- to move between the two boxes.
- You can also use the key binding
-\family sans
-M-m-r
+ produces internally a DVI-file which is then converted to a PDF-file.
+ It is a bit out of date and therefore the output could look different from
+ what you want.
+
+\family typewriter
+pdflatex
\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Altering spacing
+ produces directly PDF-files and supports the latest PDF-file formats.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You may want to create blank spaces that differs from the standard spacing
- that LaTeX provides.
- We don't recommend this as a matter of course, since the whole idea of
- WYSIWYM is that you don't think about the typesetting, but the content.
- However, there are situations where you will want to add spaces.
- The first thing to do is to type
+If one of the menu entries
\family sans
-C-Space
+DVI
\family default
-.
- This generates a small space, and shows a small marker on the screen within
- LyX:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\, b$
+,
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- The next trick is to change that space to different sizes.
-
-\emph on
-Before
-\emph default
- you move the cursor, after typing
-\family sans
-C-Space
+(pdflatex)
\family default
-, if you hit
+ or
\family sans
-Space
+Postscript
\family default
- again, you will change the size of the space, through a number of variable
- sizes.
- The last ones in the list are red, and are a negative space.
- For example:
-\begin_inset Formula $a\quad b$
+ is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, or
-\begin_inset Formula $a\! b$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
\end_inset
.
- You can also insert these spaces via the math panel.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math functions
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:math-functions"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The math panel contains a number of
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+The menu
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+ allows you to export your file by using special command line options for
+ the export program.
+\end_layout
-functions
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Print
+\end_layout
-, such as
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
+\begin_layout Standard
+With this menu you can print your document to a file in PostScript format
+ or send it to a printer.
+ The printer will also use the document in PostScript format.
+ The conversion to PostScript is done in the background by LyX using the
+ program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+.
+ For more informations have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
-\end_inset
-,
-\emph on
-etc
-\emph default
-.
- (you can type them in a formula by typing
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Printing-the-File"
-\backslash
-sin
-\family default
- etc).
- Standard mathematical practice is that functions which are names, like
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin$
\end_inset
-, should not be italicized.
- Entering just the letters
-\begin_inset Formula $sin$
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
- within Mathed will give italics, of course, so these special macros are
- available.
- They do more to the final output than just change the typeface, however.
- For example, the expression
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin t$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+New and Close Window
+\end_layout
- will typeset with a little extra space between the n and the t.
- For words which are more sophisticated mathematical objects, like
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a new instance of LyX with all currently opened documents.
+ You can close it later with the corresponding menu.
+\end_layout
-, the macro changes the way that subscripts are placed, depending on whether
- the math-inset is inlined or displayed:
-\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}f(x)=L$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+The Edit Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- versus
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\rightarrow0}f(x)=L.\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Edit
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-These two expressions were typed the same way, but using the macro
-\family typewriter
-\backslash
-lim
-\family default
- alters the appearance (actually, it is the inlined version that is altered,
- to improve linespacing).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents
+Undo and Redo
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
- mode.
- This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
- You can also use TeX macro equivalents, as macros.
- That is, you can enter
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
-\end_inset
-
- to get the same effect if your keyboard does not have accents enabled.
- This is entered by typing
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-hat a
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Undo-and-Redo"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in Mathed.
- These are the equivalences between the text names and the macro names for
- the various accents:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-text
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-math
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Select All
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Selects the whole document.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-example
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Find & Replace
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-circumflex
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-Editing-Features"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Move paragraph Up/Down
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+This shifts the paragraph where the cursor is currently in one paragraph
+ up or down.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-hat
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Text Style
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paragraph Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paragraph ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-grave
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+The settings in the paragraph dialog only affects the paragraph where the
+ cursor is in.
+ Here you can set here the paragraph alignment and line spacing.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You can also prevent that the first line of the paragraph is indented.
+ This option works only when you have chosen to separate paragraphs with
+ indents in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-grave
+Layout
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Tabular and Math
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+These two menus are only active when the cursor is inside a table or a formula.
+ The properties of this table/formula can now be changed.
+ The properties of tables are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Tables"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the properties of formulas in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-acute
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Increase / Decrease List Depth
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus are only active when the cursor is in an environment that can
+ be nested.
+ They in/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-acute
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The View Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! View
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-umlaut
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu contains a list of available formats in which you can view the actual
+ document with an external program.
+ The menu entries for the viewing formats are not the same on all installations
+ - it depends on the LaTeX programs that are found while LyX was configured.
+ All possible formats are formats listed in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ddot
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Export"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
+.
+ You should at least see the menu entries
+\family sans
+DVI
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(pdflatex)
+\family default
+.
+ If one of the two is missing, you need to update your LaTeX installation.
+ After updating you have to reconfigure LyX, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-tilde
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-tilde
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Invoking a menu will start a viewer program.
+ The viewer can be set or changed in the preferences, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:File-Formats"
+\end_inset
+.
+ The default viewers are set by LyX while it is first configured.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+At the bottom of the
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu the opened documents are listed.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-dot
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View Source
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens a window showing the source code of the actual document, as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-dot
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Update
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+This menu allows you to update the view with your latest changes without
+ opening a new view window.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Toolbars"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-breve
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this menu you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+ All toolbars and the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Buffer
+\family default
+ can be turned on and off.
+ The
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state is denoted in the menu with a checkmark.
+ The
+\family sans
+Review
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Table
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-breve
+Panels
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+Math
+\family default
+ toolbars can be additionally set to the state
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+ that is denoted in the menu with the suffix
+\family sans
+(auto)
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\emph on
+on
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is permanently shown, in the
+\emph on
+automatic
+\emph default
+ state the toolbar is only shown when the cursor is in a certain environment
+ or when a certain feature is enabled.
+ That means that the review toolbar will only be shown when change tracking
+ is activated, the math and table toolbars are only shown when the cursor
+ is inside a formula or table, respectively.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+LyX's toolbars and its buttons are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Toolbars"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+The Insert Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Insert
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts math constructs that are explained in chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-caron
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Mathematical-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Special Character
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Special-Character"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert the following characters:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Ellipsis Inserts an ellipsis: \SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-check
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+End
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
+Sentence Inserts an end of sentence dot as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Abbreviations"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Ordinary
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Quote Inserts this quote:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-macron
+, no matter what quote type you selected in the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Language
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Single
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Quote Inserts this quote:
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-bar
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Menu
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Separator Inserts the menu separator sign: \SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Phonetic
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Symbols
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Phonetic symbols
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
----
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Phonetic symbols
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ Creates a formula with a so called tipa inset.
+ Here you can insert commands to create IPA phonetic symbols.
+ For this feature you must have the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-vec
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
+ installed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
+For more informations about this feature we refer to the documentation of
+
+\series bold
+tipa,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "tipa"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+\series default
+ and this Wiki-page:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LinguistLyX
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, you can choose one of these accents by selecting an item from the
-
-\family sans
-Decorations
-\family default
- symbol set in the math panel; this will apply to any selection you have
- made within a formula too.
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-The math editor for LaTeX users
+Formatting
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Editing mathematical expressions in LyX can be done in one of two ways.
- You can use the native LyX support for rendering the formulae in a WYSIWYM
- fashion.
- LaTeX users might like to be able to use the keyboard to enter things like
-
-\family typewriter
-$
-\backslash
-alpha$
-\family default
- (this gets, in ordinary TeX, an
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
-\end_inset
-
- in the final document), believing that it is faster than chasing around
- menus for a symbol.
- Here's a testimonial of one of those old LaTeX users,
-\noun on
-David Johnson:
+Here you can insert the following format constructs:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quotation
-I was finally convinced that the math editor was the way to go when I found
- that, with a few modifications, I could use it the same way I was accustomed
- to writing TeX.
- As an example, I created this
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\begin_layout Description
+Superscript Inserts an superscript: test
+\begin_inset Formula $^{\text{a,b}}$
\end_inset
- by typing the following keys: First type
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
- to enter
-\family typewriter
-math-mode
-\family default
-, then type
-\family typewriter
-\backslash
-alpha
-\family default
- , then
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Esc
-\family default
-.
- As soon as I typed that
-\family sans
-Space
-\family default
- the
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Subscript Inserts an subscript: test
+\begin_inset Formula $_{\text{3x}}$
\end_inset
- was right there on the screen.
-
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-M-c\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
- sequence inserts a formula (you may also use
-\family sans
-C-m
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-M-m\InsetSpace ~
-m
-\family default
-), the
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Description
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-alpha
-\family default
- is of course the standard TeX command for a Greek alpha letter, and the
-
-\family sans
-Esc
-\family default
- leaves the formula.
- Some of the advantages of this approach are:
-\end_layout
+Space Inserts a protected space that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You have immediate visual feedback to be sure your TeX was correct
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You have the real mathematical expression on the screen, correctly displayed,
- to make sure your mathematics is correct (correctly written, at least)
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Protected-Space"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-All the new LaTeX fuss with special environments and such are taken care
- of by LyX, not you
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-You won't have to chase through the code trying to find that missing
-\family sans
-$
-\family default
- or extra
-\family sans
-{
-\family default
- any more
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-If you don't remember the LaTeX name of a particular symbol, like
-\begin_inset Formula $\wp$
+\begin_layout Description
+Inter-word
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, you can find it in the dialogs
-\end_layout
+Space Inserts an inter-word space that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Brackets and decorations
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are several brackets available through LyX.
- For most purposes, using just the keys
-\family typewriter
-[{]}()|
-\backslash
-<>
-\family default
- should suffice, but the effect, especially if you want to surround a large
- structure, such as a matrix or a fraction, or if you have several layers
- of brackets, is better using the math panel's
-\family sans
-Delimiter
-\family default
- dialog [see sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:math-panel"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Inter-word-Space"
\end_inset
-].
- For example, that's how you would construct the brackets around a standard
- matrix such as :
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2\\
-3 & 4\end{array}\right],\]
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space Inserts a thin space that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-and to make it easier to see the layers of parentheses of an abomination
- such as:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{1}{\left(1+\left(\frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{1}{1+x}\right)}\right)\right)}\]
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Thin-Space"
\end_inset
-or:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-f\left(g\left(h\left(k\left(l\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right)\right).\]
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-The parentheses, and other brackets, from that menu will automatically re-size
- to accommodate the size of what is inside (This is done in straight LaTeX
- by
-\family typewriter
+Fill Inserts an horizontal fill, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-left( blah
-\backslash
-right)
-\family default
- ).
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is very easy to construct the braces you want to use.
- Click on the brace you want on the left side with the left mouse button,
- the right side with the right button, and place them in the document by
- clicking on the button.
- If you want one side to not have a bracket, use the blank button.
- It will appear in LyX with a dotted line, but nothing will print.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Space"
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you decide after the fact to place parentheses (or other math structure,
- like a square root, or other decoration) around some math structure, you
- can do that by highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to go inside
- the parentheses (that is done by holding the
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- key down and moving the cursor with the arrow keys, or selecting with the
- mouse).
- Then, choose the appropriate brackets for left and right, and click on
-
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
-.
- The parentheses will be drawn around the selected structure.
+\end_inset
+
+ for a description.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you're trying to enter a LaTeX
-\family typewriter
-{
-\family default
- for grouping, you should read
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Grouping"
+\begin_layout Description
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Line Inserts an horizontal line, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Horizontal-Lines"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a description.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Grouping
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Grouping"
+\begin_layout Description
+Vertical
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Space Inserts vertical space, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Vertical-Space"
-\begin_layout Standard
-You may need to group a set of symbols.
- In LaTeX, for example, the typesetting of
-\family typewriter
-{x^y}^z
-\family default
- is different from
-\family typewriter
-x^{y^z}
-\family default
-:
+\end_inset
+
+ for a description.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-{x^{y}}^{z}\quad\mathrm{differs\; from}\quad x^{{y^{z}}}\]
+\begin_layout Description
+Hyphenation
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Point Inserts an hyphenation point, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Hyphenation"
-\begin_layout Standard
-However, trying to type the
-\family typewriter
-}
-\family default
- in LyX gives an actual closing brace in the output.
- To create this grouping, you need to use the key sequence
-\family typewriter
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-{
-\family default
- then type space.
- Inside LyX, you will see red braces indicating the grouping.
- The example directly above shows how this works.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Arrays and Multi-line Equations
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Arrays, such as matrices, are easily entered in LyX.
- In the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- there is a matrix button, which will open a dialog for you to choose the
- number of rows/columns.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left(\begin{array}{ccc}
-1 & 2 & 3\\
-4 & 5 & 6\\
-7 & 8 & 9\end{array}\right).\]
+\begin_layout Description
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Break Inserts a ligature break, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-The parentheses aren't automatic, but you can add them as usual.
- Remember that you can add this after the fact, by highlighting the matrix
- inside Mathed (Position the mouse on one side of the matrix, hold the
-\family sans
-Shift
-\family default
- key down, and hit the appropriate arrow key to move the cursor across the
- matrix).
- You can, when you construct the matrix, decide whether the columns (or
- some of them) will be left-, right-, or center-justified.
- The specification is
-\family typewriter
-ccc
-\family default
- by default.
- Each letter corresponds to the relevant column.
- For example,
-\family typewriter
-lcr
-\family default
- means that the first column will be left-justified, the second will be
- centered, and the third column will be right-justified..
- It will look like this:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\begin{array}{lcr}
-this & this\, column & this\, column\\
-column & has & has\, right\\
-has\, left\, alignment & center\, alignment & alignment\end{array}.\]
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Ligatures"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can add more rows to an existing matrix by hitting
-\family sans
-C-Enter
-\family default
- while in the matrix, and you can add columns, or delete either, via the
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Description
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Rows&
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ols
-\family default
- menus.
-\end_layout
+Break Inserts a forced line break, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Forced-Linebreaks"
+
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are numerous other arrays used in LaTeX math-mode, particularly with
- the AMS-LaTeX packages included, such as
-\family typewriter
-\backslash
-cases
-\family default
- and commutative diagrams.
- Not all of these are supported in LyX but some are, see
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\family default
-\bar default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Multi-line equations are very easy to construct in LyX.
- A formula will automatically switch to an
-\family typewriter
-\series medium
-eqnarray
-\family default
-\series default
- format (LaTeX's multi-line displayed equation format) if you hit
-\family sans
-\series medium
-C-E
-\series default
-nter
-\family default
-.
- The best way to do this, if you decide you want a multi-line displayed
- equation, is to insert a new line (with
-\family sans
-\series medium
-C-Enter
-\family default
-\series default
-) immediately.
- Each line then has three regions, left, center, and right, which you can
- move through using either the arrow keys, the mouse, or the
-\family sans
-\series medium
-Tab
-\family default
-\series default
- key.
- Here is an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-3 & = & 1+2\\
-4+5 & = & 9.\end{eqnarray*}
+\begin_layout Description
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Break Inserts a forced page break, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-You can also turn an existing displayed formula into a multi-line formula
- by hitting
-\family sans
-\series medium
-C-Enter
-\family default
-\series default
- while the cursor is anywhere on the original formula.
- However, LyX will
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- try to decide where to break the formula up into three parts, but places
- everything in the left side of the line.
- To change the alignment points of the equation, place the cursor where
- you want to start the middle part of the line, and hit
-\family sans
-C-Tab.
-\family default
- It then puts everything to the right of the cursor in the middle region
- of the equation (which, by the way, is not typeset by LaTeX in display-math
- size, so you should not put large expressions like fractions there).
- Move to where you want the right side of the line to begin, and hit
-\family sans
-C-Tab
-\family default
- again.
- The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Forced-Pagebreaks"
-extra
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- insertion points in the line will disappear.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Equation Numbering and Labels
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:math-label"
+\begin_layout Description
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Page Inserts a clear page break, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Clear-Pages"
-\begin_layout Standard
-Equation numbering is very easy in LyX.
- All it takes to change a displayed equation like:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-1+2=3\]
+\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Clear
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-into the numbered equation :
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-1+2=3\label{mathed:first-eqn}\end{equation}
+Double
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Page Inserts a clear doublepage break, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-is to go to the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\family default
- menu, and select the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel...
-\family default
- option.
- This opens a dialog in which you must enter some string as the label.
- There is no need to call it by a specific number, since LaTeX will take
- care of re-numbering the equation.
- Labels will not appear as such on the final output.
- LaTeX will insert appropriate numbers for the equations.
- The labels are used internally for cross-referencing.
- You can turn on numbering without a specific label with the menu option
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Clear-Pages"
+
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-umbering
-\family default
- while the cursor is in the equation, such as:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-1+1=2.\end{equation}
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List / TOC
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Various lists can be inserted with this menu.
+ The table of contents, the algorithm, figures, and tables list are described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-You can toggle it on or off with this menu item.
- You can reference a labelled (not just numbered) equation, (cf.
- (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "mathed:first-eqn"
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:toc"
-)) by using the
-\family sans
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- dialog, which you open using
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ross-Reference...
-\family default
-\InsetSpace ~
.
-\end_layout
+ The index list is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-For numbered (or labelled) multi-line formulas, the default is that all
- lines are numbered separately.
- Once you attach a label to make the equation numbered, all subsequent lines
- receive a label of #.
- That label can be changed to another so that you can refer to that line,
- like (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "mathed:third-eqn"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Index"
\end_inset
-) below.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 3-2\label{mathed:second-equation}\\
-2 & = & 4-2\label{mathed:third-eqn}\\
-4 & \leq & 7.\end{eqnarray}
+, the nomenclature in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nomenclature"
\end_inset
-You can turn off numbering of a specific line with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+, and the BibTeX bibliography in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle\InsetSpace ~
-\bar under
-n
-\bar default
-umbering\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-line
-\family default
- while the cursor is on that line of a multi-line numbered equation.
- This also toggles.
- For example :
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
-1 & = & 4-3\label{mathed:fourth-eqn}\\
-2 & = & 7-5\\
-1 & = & e^{2\pi i}\nonumber \\
-16 & \equiv & 2\,(mod\,7)\label{mathed:fifth-eqn}\end{eqnarray}
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"
\end_inset
-Note that the first equation in this set (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "mathed:fourth-eqn"
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Float
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert floats, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-) is labelled, the next is numbered but unlabelled, the third is unnumbered,
- and the last (
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "mathed:fifth-eqn"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
\end_inset
-) is again labelled.
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-User defined macros in math mode
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Note
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX allows the user to define macros for use in math mode.
- A macro definition box appears on screen as purple box with the name of
- the macro in blue (math color).
- It contains two cells initially marked empty by blue rectangles that can
- be edited as if it were ordinary math.
- Just try it:
-\begin_inset FormulaMacro
-\newcommand{\macro}{a+b}
+To insert notes, described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- The contents of the first cell will be used when the macro definition is
- written during export as LaTeX.
- The contents of the second cell, however, will be used for drawing the
- macro's expansion on screen.
- In the common case where both export and drawing use the same representation,
- the second cell can be left empty and LyX will use the contents of the
- first cell will be used for export and drawing automatically.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Now, to use this macro in other math boxes just type the name in TeX mode,
- in this case
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Notes"
-\backslash
-macro
-\family default
-, and it will be automatically expanded:
-\begin_inset Formula $c=\macro$
\end_inset
.
- As you can verify, the cursor can't go inside the macro, the whole macro
- is like a single character, and the TeX generated code of this expression
- is
-\family typewriter
-c =
-\backslash
-macro.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-However the cursor could go inside of some kind of macros, those that have
-
-\emph on
-arguments
-\emph default
-.
- In a macro definition box an argument looks like a
-\family typewriter
-#
-\family default
- followed by the argument number:
-\begin_inset FormulaMacro
-\newcommand{\macrowarg}[1]{2+\sqrt{#1}}
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Branch
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Once expanded, this macro includes the usual empty rectangle to indicate
- that you can insert there whatever you want:
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-macrowarg =
-\begin_inset Formula $\macrowarg{}$
+Inserts branch insets as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family default
-.
- Example:
-\begin_inset Formula $b=\macrowarg{x-2}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Branches"
+
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-When exported to LaTeX, a macro definition will produce the command
-\newline
-
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Subsection
+File
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-newcommand{
-\backslash
-macrowarg}[1]{2+
-\backslash
-sqrt{#1}}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+External Material
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-How to create macros
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create a macro definition box use this syntax in the minibuffer:
-\begin_inset Foot
+Here you can inserts files to include them or its content to your document.
+ How this can be done is in detail explained in chapter
+\emph on
+External Stuff
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Box
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Macro names mustn't contain numbers!
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Boxes
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family typewriter
-math-macro <macro name> [number of arguments]
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-For example,
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-macro
-\family default
- was created with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Inserts a minipage box that is described section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-math-macro macro
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Minipages"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and
-\family typewriter
+.
+ All box types supported by LyX are explained in detail in chapter
+\emph on
+Boxes
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-macrowarg
-\family default
- was created with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a citation as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-math-macro macrowarg 1
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an argument mark (only inside a macro definition box) simply type
-\newline
-
-\family typewriter
-#<number>
-\family default
- or use
-\family typewriter
-math-macro-arg <number>
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Cross-Reference
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The argument mark in
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-macrowarg
-\family default
- was introduced with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Inserts a cross-reference as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-math-macro-arg 1
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use no more than 9 arguments, numbered from 1 to 9.
- An argument can be repeated inside the macro definition box, but of course
- can be edited only once.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
-How to navigate in macros
+Label
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-With\InsetSpace ~
-the\InsetSpace ~
-arrow\InsetSpace ~
-keys: Opening a macro from the left side will put the cursor
- in the first argument, to move to the second argument use the TAB key.
- Remember that pressing the Space bar will get the cursor out and at the
- right side of the macro.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a label as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-With\InsetSpace ~
-the\InsetSpace ~
-mouse: As usual, click on the desired argument box.
- Sometimes this fails if the box is empty or too small.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Currently it is only possible to define command macros, but not environment
- macros.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Cross-References"
-\begin_layout Section
-Fine-Tuning
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Typefaces
+Caption
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Captions
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can use various typefaces in a formula.
- The standard font for text is italic,
-\begin_inset Formula $text$
\end_inset
-, but for numbers the standard is Roman.
- To set a font in a formula, choose it from the math panel, or by entering
- the LaTeX command for it directly, as follows:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Font
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Longtables ! Caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX Command
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a caption to floats or longtables.
+ Floats are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Floats"
+
\end_inset
+, cations in longtables are described in section
+\emph on
+Longtable Captions
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Index Entry
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts an index entry as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Index"
-\backslash
-mathrm
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Nomenclature Entry
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
+Inserts a nomenclature entry as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Nomenclature"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family typewriter
-\backslash
-mathbf
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
+Inserts a table.
+ Tables are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Tables"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-mathit
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Graphics
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a graphic.
+ Graphics are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Graphics"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URL
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts an URL box as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:URL"
-\backslash
-mathtt
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Footnote
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}$
+Inserts a footnote, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Footnotes"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Marginal Note
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a marginal note, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Marginal-Notes"
-\backslash
-mathbb
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Short Title
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
+Inserts a short title, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Short-Titles"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-mathfrak
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Code
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\shape up
-\size normal
-\emph on
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
+Inserts a TeX Code box, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:TeX-Code-Boxes"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ for a description.
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Program Listing
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\backslash
-mathcal
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Program listings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts a program listings box.
+ Program listings are explained in chapter
+\emph on
+Program Code Listings
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Date
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Inserts the actual date.
+ The format dependends on the date format of the language that is used for
+ LyX's menus.
+ LyX offers another ways to insert a date which is explained in section
+
+\emph on
+External Material
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There the different methods are also compared.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
+\begin_layout Section
+The Navigate Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
-mathsf
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Navigate
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX's math mode does not support all characters in all fonts, and only
- letters will be supported with these font styles; some only support capital
- letters.
+This menu lists the existing, chapter, sections, figures, and tables of
+ the current document.
+ This allows you to navigate easily through you document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For any of these fonts, you have to be careful how you enter the text.
- If there is text to the right of the entry point, the font reverts to that
- style after one character.
- To be able to type a string in a particular font, make sure there is a
- protected-space to the right of the cursor.
- Also, entering a protected-space will revert subsequent text to standard
- font.
- The font styles are nestable, as LaTeX does.
- This can be a little confusing, as selecting a different font on a selection
- will
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- change the selection, but insert a new nested level with the new typeface.
+The Navigate menu also offers to
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bookmarks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible (in AMS-LaTeX) to embolden (not italicize) numbers and special
- symbols.
- However, LyX does not yet support this in WYSIWYM manner\SpecialChar \@.
- It will print
- correctly, though.
- To get emboldened symbols, for example a bold
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
+With this menu you are able to define your own bookmarks.
+ This is useful when you are working on a large documents and often have
+ to jump e.g.
+ between section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, enter
-\family typewriter
+2.5 and 6.3.
+ To create bookmarks for this example, go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-boldsymbol{
-\backslash
-alpha}
+2.5 and use the menu
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+1
\family default
- in Mathed.
- The closing brace appears (in red) automatically when you type the opening
- brace.
- This works for all symbols, as well as numbers.
-\end_layout
+.
+ Then go to section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-A number of other options are available as well, via
+6.3 and use
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Font\InsetSpace ~
-Change
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bookmark
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+2.
+ Now you can easily jump between these sections by using the menu or by
+ the key bindings
+\family sans
+C-1
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+C-2
\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Math Text Mode
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also use bookmarks to jump between several opened documents.
+ The saved bookmarks are valid till the document is closed.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Typefaces are useful for entering variable names in some given font, but
- certainly not for anything else, and in particular not text.
- For typing longer pieces of text, use math text mode, which is obtained
- by typing
-\family sans
-M-m m
-\family default
- while already in math mode.
- (The same command will get out of math text mode, too.) Math text mode appears
- on the screen in black instead of blue.
- You cannot enter punctuation or font changes in your text
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Next Note, Change, Cross-reference
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Moreover, math text mode outputs its contents inside a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-textrm{}
-\family default
-, whereas
-\family typewriter
+Jump to the next note, change, or cross-reference following the current
+ cursor position.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-mbox
-\family default
- or AMS-LaTeX's
-\backslash
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Go to Label
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-text
-\family default
- might have been a better choice
+\begin_layout Standard
+Only active when the cursor is in front of a cross-reference.
+ Sets the cursor before the referenced label, the same as if you right-click
+ on a cross-reference box.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Section
+The Document Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-, but it works for simple text.
- Here's an example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-f(x)=\begin{array}{cc}
-x & \textrm{if I say so}\\
--x & \textrm{otherwise}\end{array}\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Document
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Font Sizes
+Change Tracking
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are four (relative) font sizes (or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Change Tracking is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-styles
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-) used in math-mode, which are automatically chosen in most situations.
- These are called
-\emph on
-textstyle
-\emph default
-,
-\emph on
-displaystyle
-\emph default
-,
-\emph on
-scriptstyle
-\emph default
-, and
-\emph on
-scriptscriptstyle
-\emph default
-.
- For most characters,
-\emph on
-textstyle
-\emph default
- and
-\emph on
-displaystyle
-\emph default
- are actually the same size, but fractions, superscripts and subscripts,
- and certain other effects, are set larger or placed differently in
-\emph on
-displaystyle
-\emph default
-.
- Except for some operators, which re-size themselves to accommodate various
- situations, all text will be set in these various sizes as LaTeX thinks
- is appropriate.
- These choices can be over-ridden by using the math panel button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/style.xpm
- scale 70
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
\end_inset
.
- For example, you can set
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{1}{2}$
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- normally (
-\emph on
-textstyle
-\emph default
-), or you can make it larger, which also changes the line-spacing, by using
+eX Log
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After running LaTeX by viewing or exporting a document, this menu will be
+ enabled.
+ It shows the logfile of the used LaTeX-program.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can see how LaTeX works in the background.
\emph on
-displaystyle
+Experts
\emph default
-.
- Then a new box will appear in the formula where you can insert the fraction:
-
-\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$
-\end_inset
+ will find in it reasons for LaTeX-errors.
+\end_layout
-.
- Here are some text in the various styles:
-\begin_inset Formula $displaystyle$
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Outline
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Opens the TOC/Outline window as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle textstyle}$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Table-of-Contents"
+
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle scriptstyle}$
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Start Appendix Here
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu will start the appendix of the document at the current cursor
+ position as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle scriptscriptstyle}$
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Appendices"
+
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-All these math-mode font sizes are relative, that is, if the whole math
- inset and surrounding text are set in a particular size, all these sizes
- will be adjusted.
- Similarly, if the base font size of the document is changed, all fonts
- will be adjusted to correspond.
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Compressed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Un/compresses the actual document.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\size largest
-Here is a paragraph in
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Settings
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Settings"
-largest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- font, with symbols:
-\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
-\end_inset
-.
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This applies to math fonts in titles, etc.
- as well.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-AMS-LaTeX
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu dialog contains some submenus to set properties for the whole
+ document.
+ You can save your document settings as default with the
+\family sans
+Save as Document Defaults
+\family default
+ button in the dialog.
+ This will create a template named
+\family typewriter
+default.lyx
+\family default
+ which is automatically loaded by LyX when you create a new document without
+ using a template.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The American Mathematical Society (AMS) provide a LaTeX packages that are
- in common use.
- LyX includes some support for these packages.
+The different submenus of the dialog are explained in the following:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Enabling AMS-Support
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Document Class
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Here you set the document class, class options, and a Postscript driver.
+ Document classes are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog there is a checkbox,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The Postscript driver is used for LaTeX's color and graphics packages.
+ When using
\family sans
-Use\InsetSpace ~
-AMS\InsetSpace ~
-Math
+Default
\family default
-.
- If selected, this will include the AMS-package in the document, and make
- the facilities available.
+, the default driver for the LaTeX-packages are used.
+ It is recommended to use the default unless your know what you are doing.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Symbols
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Fonts
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The AMS-LaTeX packages add support for some mathematical symbols that are
- not accessible from plain LaTeX (or LyX), but are fairly common in mathematical
- typesetting, such as the old-German Fraktur font and the stylized
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+The document font settings are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-blackboard bold
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Fonts-and-Text"
+
\end_inset
- fonts commonly used to denote the real or complex numbers, or the integers.
- Once activated, all AMS-LaTeX symbols and environments are available.
- You will run into trouble if you include these packages from the preamble,
- since LyX now defines a few of the macros used in these packages on its
- own.
- The AMS-layouts include these packages automatically.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-AMS-Formula Types
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Text Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.
- LyX allows you to choose between
-\family typewriter
-align
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-alignat
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-flalign
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-gather
-\family default
-, and
-\family typewriter
-multline
-\family default
-.
- Refer to the AMS-documenta\SpecialChar \-
-tion for the differences between these formula
- types.
+You can specify if paragraphs should be separated by indentations or vertical
+ skips.
+ The line spacing and the number of text columns can here also be specified.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-More Tools
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note that LyX won't show two columns or the set up line spacing on screen.
+ That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
+ However, it will be as you specified it in the output.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Cross-References
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:crossref"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+The listings settings are explained in the corresponding section in the
+
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Page Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Those of you reading this manual online will see a grey box with text in
- it, right before the beginning of this sentence.
- This is a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-.
- Properly speaking, it is one half of a cross-reference.
- The other half is the
-\family sans
-Reference
-\family default
- proper, and it looks like this:
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:crossref"
+A description of this menu is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Paper-Size,-Orientation,"
\end_inset
-.
- Again, those of you reading the manual online will see a gray box with
- text in it.
- Those reading printed versions, however, will see a number --- in this
- case, the number of this section.
- There are also other varieties of cross-reference: for example,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand pageref
-reference "sec:crossref"
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Document-Layout"
\end_inset
-.
- This is the page number containing the location of the label.
- That's what cross-references do: they let you reference other parts of
- your document.
- You don't need to remember which section number was what anymore --- LyX
- will do that for you! All you need to do is use a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- to mark a section, figure, table, formula, etc., and then refer to it via
- a
-\family sans
-Reference
-\family default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert a label, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-L
-\bar default
-abel
-\family default
-.
- A box will appear where you can enter your label.
- You can change the name of the label at a later time by simply clicking
- on the gray box and reopening the label dialog.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Page Margins
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To insert a reference, select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-C
-\bar default
-ross\InsetSpace ~
-Reference
-\family default
+Here you can adjust the paper margins, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Margins"
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- The
-\family sans
-Insert\InsetSpace ~
-Cross-Reference
-\family default
- dialog appears with a list of labels.
- Selecting a list item, then clicking
-\family sans
-OK
-\family default
- inserts a reference into the text; changing the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eference type
-\family default
- allows you to insert a page number or other reference variant instead.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Note that if you cut & paste text from another document that contains a
-
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
-Reference
-\family default
-, or if you delete a label in your text, LaTeX will complain:
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Language
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Encoding
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-LaTeX Warning:
-\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-Reference `X' on page Y undefined on input line Z
-\newline
-LaTeX Warning:
-\family default
-
-\family typewriter
-There were undefined references
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You'll also see two question marks in the output instead of the reference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few more comments we need to make about the
-\family sans
-Labels
-\family default
-.
- They always print the number of the section heading closest to them.
- So --- if you want to put a label on a
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
-, but a
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
- heading immediately follows it, you need to put the
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
+The document language and quote styles are set here.
+ The encoding specifies how the document content is exported to LaTeX (the
+ LyX file is always encoded in utf8).
+ All characters that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding will
+ be exported as LaTeX-commands (this can fail if a LaTeX-command is not
+ known for a particular character).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The known commands are defined in a text file.
+ You can add commands for unknown symbols to that file yourself, see the
\emph on
-into
+Customization
\emph default
- the
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- environment.
- It doesn't matter where, and it will look weird on the LyX screen.
- However, you need to do this if you want to label the
-\family sans
-Chapter
-\family default
- separately from the
-\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-.
- The same goes for all other section headings.
+ manual for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Also, a
+If you use the option
\family sans
-Label
+use language's default encoding
\family default
-
-\emph on
-only
-\emph default
- makes sense in
-\emph on
-numbered
-\emph default
- section headings and table and figure floats.
- Bare figures and tables aren't numbered, so, like unnumbered section headings,
- you can't really use a
+, LyX determines the encoding of a portion of text from the language of
+ this text.
+ If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
+ than one encoding in the LaTeX file.
+ If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+ exactly one encoding.
+ Checking this option is the preferred setting unless you use
\family sans
-Label
+XeTeX
\family default
- on it.
+
\begin_inset Foot
-status open
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+XeTeX is a TeX typesetting engine, an alternative for LaTeX.
+ It natively supports Unicode while its input file is assumed to be in UTF-8
+ encoding.
+ More about using LyX with XeTeX can be found in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "XeTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ (see below).
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Well, you
-\emph on
-can
-\emph default
-, but only if you use the
+LyX also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
+ lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
+ If you want to use this (and your LaTeX installation supports Unicode,
+ for that matter), choose one of the four utf8 variants from the list below.
+ Unfortunately the unicode support of standard LaTeX is quite incomplete,
+ so it is not uncommon that a file with lots of unicode symbols works fine
+ with
\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-number
+use language's default encoding
\family default
- reference.
- The regular
-\family sans
-Reference
-\family default
- --- the one that refers to a section/table/figure number --- won't work,
- because there's no numbered thingy to refer to! You could also use bare
-
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-s as page markers, then refer back to them using the
-\family sans
-Page\InsetSpace ~
-number
-\family default
- reference.
- Once again, the regular
+ (when LyX uses it's list of known LaTeX-commands), but does not work with
+ a fixed utf8 encoding (when the list of known LaTeX-commands is ot used,
+ because all unicode symbols can be encoded in utf8).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a list with the important encodings:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+default Same as
\family sans
-Reference
+use language's default encoding
\family default
- won't work very well.
- It will refer to something, but that something will typically be the number
- of the previous numbered section heading.
+, but the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figurefloats"
+ is not used.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some other packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in TeX code.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+armscii8 encoding for Armenian
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:table float"
+\begin_layout Description
+ascii the ASCII encoding, covers only plain English, may result in a big
+ file because lots of LaTeX-commands may be needed
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1250 MS Windows code page for latin2
+\end_layout
-, and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:math-label"
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1251 MS Windows code page for Cyrillic
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1252 MS Windows code page for latin1
+\end_layout
- for details on using a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
- with figures, tables, and equations, respectively.
-
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1255 MS Windows code page for Hebrew, superset of the ISO-8859-8 encoding
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1256 MS Windows code page for Arabic and Farsi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is often desirable to include long
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+cp1257 MS Windows code page for Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian, the ISO-8859-
+13 encoding that is a superset of the ISO-8859-4 encoding
+\end_layout
-verbatim
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+iso88595 the ISO-8859-5 encoding, covers Belorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian,
+ Serbian, and Ukrainian
+\end_layout
- items in a document such as Web site URLs, e-mail addresses, etc.; these
- things typically do not contain any spaces and are thus difficult to typeset
- properly.
- Such items will often fall on a line boundary if they cannot be split,
- resulting in an overfull or underfull line depending on the circumstances.
- You can use
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Description
+iso-8859-7 the ISO-8859-7 encoding, covers Greek
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-RL
-\family default
- within LyX to enter a long URL and have it split gracefully (if necessary)
- along automatically determined boundaries.
+\begin_layout Description
+8859-8 the ISO-8859-8 encoding, covers Hebrew
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the point in the document where you want to enter the URL (or other address-l
-ike entity) simply select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Description
+koi8-r standard Cyrillic especially for Russian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+koi8-u Cyrillic for Ukrainian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin1 the ISO-8859-1 encoding, covers the languages Albanian, Catalan,
+ Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Icelandic,
+ Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish; should be
+ replaced by latin9
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin2 the ISO-8859-2 encoding, covers Albanian, Croatian, Czech, German,
+ Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, and Slovenian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin3 the ISO-8859-3 encoding, covers Esperanto, Galician, Maltese, and
+ Turkish
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin4 the ISO-8859-4 encoding, covers Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin5 the ISO-8859-9 encoding, covers Turkish, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding
+ where the Icelandic letters are replaced by Turkish ones
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+latin9 the ISO-8859-15 encoding, like the ISO-8859-1 encoding, but with
+ the euro currency sign, the
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-RL
-\family default
-; a dialog will appear where you can enter the full URL (in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-rl:
-\family default
- field).
- In its simplest usage, that's all you need to do.
- Click on the following gray box to see how LyX's homepage would be entered:
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\backslash
+oe
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status open
+-ligature and some characters used for French and Finnish; latin9 should
+ be the replacement for latin1
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+pt154 Cyrillic for Kazakh
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8 Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-Important note
+inputenc
\series default
-: When you use the following characters: "%", "#", "^", you have to write
- them with a backslash before, e.g.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-#
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
- URLs mustn't end with a backslash!
+ Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+ is supported.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8x Unicode utf8 based on the LaTeX package
+\series bold
+ucs
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! ucs
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you would like to associate some definite phrase with the URL, enter
- it into the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-ame
-\family default
- field of the dialog; it will be typeset as plain text immediately before
- the URL.
- For example, I might say that you can find all things related to LaTeX
- at
-\newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand url
-name "CTAN"
-target "http://ctan.tug.org"
+ (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Description
+UTF8 Unicode utf8 with the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+CJK
+\series default
-.
- On the printed page, the last sentence ends as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-all things related to LaTeX at CTAN
-\family typewriter
-http://ctan.tug.org
-\family default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! CJK
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ (for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-[
-\emph on
-Author's Note: somebody needs to document the
-\emph default
-
+\begin_layout Description
+utf8-plain Unicode utf8 to be used with
\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-TML Type
+XeTeX
\family default
+, which uses Unicode directly, without the help of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
-\emph on
-button
-\emph default
-]
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Section
-Specifying Short Titles with Optional Arguments
-\begin_inset OptArg
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Short Titles
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+More about using LyX with XeTeX can be found in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "XeTeX"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Numbering & TOC
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
- This can cause over-runs when there is limited horizontal space.
- For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
- title, a long title will over-run past the edges, and look awful.
+You can adjust here the numbering depth of sections headings as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Bibliography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX allows you to specify an optional argument to the section commands
- that specifies a shorter version of the title
-\begin_inset Foot
+You can specify here a citation style using the Latex@LaTeX-packages
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-For those who don't know LaTeX, commands look like this:
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-command[optionalargument]{the content}
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- This shorter version is used in the header and in the actual Table of Contents,
- avoiding the problem mentioned.
- LyX allows you to specify this optional argument by selecting
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Short\InsetSpace ~
-Title
-\family default
-.
- This will insert a box (labelled
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ For a further description see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-opt
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-, which stands for
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Bibliography"
-optional
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) which you can use to enter the short title text.
- This also works for captions inside floats.
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Math Options
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
+These options will force LyX to use the Latex@LaTeX-packages
+\series bold
+amsmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Branches
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+esint
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! esint
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes you wish to be able to output to paper multiple versions of the
- same document.
- The most extreme version of this is, when you want to prepare a single
- document in two or more different languages, but as a single document file,
- with corresponding pieces of text adjacent in the file and on-screen.
- This can be achieved with
-\emph on
-branches
-\emph default
-.
+\end_inset
+
+ or to use them automatically when they are needed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-First, you have to
-\emph on
-define
-\emph default
- the branches available within a particular document.
- This is done in the
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Branches
-\family default
- tab.
- You can also associate a background colour with each branch, e.g., red for
- the English language, blue for the German language branch.
- Then, you create a branch inset from the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Branch
-\family default
- menu item.
- The inset will contain the text that you want to be output when this branch
- is activated.
+
+\series bold
+amsmath
+\series default
+ is needed for many constructs, so when you get LaTeX-errors in formulas,
+ assure that you have enabled AMS.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\emph on
-Activation
-\emph default
- or
-\emph on
-deactivation
-\emph default
- of a branch is done from the document settings menu.
- All insets belonging to deactivated branches will be automatically closed,
- those belonging to activated branches automatically opened.
+\series bold
+esint
+\series default
+ is used for special integral characters.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Float Placement
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Other possible applications of the Branches paradigm include a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+The float placement options are described in section
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
\end_inset
-teacher's version
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Float-Placement"
+
\end_inset
- of a textbook containing the answers to questions, etc.
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Once this doc is updated to 1.4, include branch examples here!
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Bullets
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can adjust the characters for the itemize levels.
+ The itemize environment is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Itemize"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Previewing snippets of your document
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+Branches
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the
- fly so you can see how they'll look in the final document without having
- to break your train of thought with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-.
- If you'd like to see your math formulae typeset by LaTeX then install the
- necessary software (see below) and select the
-\family sans
-Instant
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-p
-\bar default
-review
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Branches are described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-On
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Branches"
+
\end_inset
- pulldown item in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+.
+\end_layout
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
- dialog.
- (It can be found in the
-\family sans
-Look\InsetSpace ~
-and\InsetSpace ~
-feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- pane in the Qt frontend and the
-\family sans
-Look\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Feel\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Misc
-\family default
- tab in the XForms frontend.) Previews are generated when you load a document
- into LyX and when you finish editing an inset.
- Previews of an already loaded document are
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- generated just by selecting the
-\family sans
-Instant
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-\bar under
-p
-\bar default
-review
-\family default
- check box.
+\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+LaT
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX will generate previews of math insets.
- It will also generate previews of include insets or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-child documents
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+eX Preamble
+\end_layout
- if you select the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-how\InsetSpace ~
-preview
-\family default
- check box in the inset's dialog.
- This latter is useful if you wish to generate a preview of a LaTeX figure,
- for example.
- Coming in version 1.4 are previews of the external inset also.
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this text field are entered commands to load special LaTeX-packages or
+ to define LaTeX-commands.
+ The preamble is a thing for LaTeX-experts.
+ You shouldn't enter commands here until you don't exactly know what you
+ do.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To get previews working, you'll need some additional software.
- First, you'll need the preview.sty LaTeX package.
- Find it on your local CTAN mirror at
-\newline
+An introduction in the LaTeX-syntax is given in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:LaTeX-Syntax"
+
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-CTAN/support/preview-latex/
-\family default
.
- Thereafter, you'll need the usual tools:
-\family typewriter
-latex
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
-gs
-\family default
-.Finally, you'll obtain prettier results if you install
-\family typewriter
-pnmcrop
-\family default
-from the
-\family typewriter
-netpbm
-\family default
- package.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Spacing, pagination and line breaks
-\end_layout
+The Tools Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Extra Horizontal Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:hspace"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Tools
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s are a special LyX feature for adding extra space in a uniform fashion.
- An
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- is actually a variable length space, whose length always equals the remaining
- space between the left and right margins.
- If there is more than one
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- on a line, they divide the available space equally between themselves.
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note: if an
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- is at the beginning of a line, and it's
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- the first line in a paragraph, LyX ignores it.
- This prevents
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s from accidentally being wrapped onto a new line.
-\end_layout
+Spell checking is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family roman
-s
-\family default
- can be inserted with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-orizontal\InsetSpace ~
-Fill
-\family default
.
- Here a few examples what you can do with them:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-This is on the left side
-\hfill
-This is on the right
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Thesaurus
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\hfill
-Middle
-\hfill
-Right
+\begin_layout Standard
+The thesaurus is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Thesaurus"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-\noindent
-Left
-\hfill
-1/3 Left
-\hfill
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Count Words
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\hfill
-Right
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Word count
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-That was an example in the
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- environment.
- Here:
-\hfill
-:is one in a standard paragraph.
- It may or may not be apparent in the printed text, but it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- sitting in-between the two
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Remember that we said that an
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- always fills the remaining space between the margins? There may be more
- than one set of margins on a line.
- Here's an example with the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment.
+Counts the number of words in the actual document or the highlighted document
+ part.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-one
-\hfill
-two :three
-\hfill
-four
-\hfill
-five
-\hfill
-six
+\begin_layout Subsection
+TeX Information
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+TeX Information
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- marks the beginning of the item.
- (There is actually a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-hidden
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Shows you a list of the classes and styles installed in your LaTeX-system.
+\end_layout
-
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
- inside of the label of the
-\family sans
-List
-\family default
- environment; it's put at the end of the label automatically.)
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s work similarly in other
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Reconfigure
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Lyx@LyX ! Reconfigure|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
-multi-margin
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- situations, like two-column mode.
-\end_layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Extra Vertical Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:vertspace"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- to open the
-\family sans
-Paragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Reconfiguration of LyX
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-We will not provide an example of a
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-, as it would waste paper.
- They work the same as any other type of filler, including
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s: they fill the remaining vertical space on a page with blank space.
- If there are several
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s on a page, they divide the remaining vertical space equally between themselves.
- You can therefore use
-\family sans
-VFill
-\family default
-s to center text on a page, or even place text 2/3 down a page, or 1/4,
- and so on.
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Note that for paragraphs at the top/bottom of a page, the extra space is
- only added if you have also checked the option
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+This menu reconfigures LyX.
+ That means LyX looks for LaTeX-packages and needed programs, see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-pacing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Basic-LyX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-K
-\bar default
-eep\InsetSpace ~
-space
-\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Changing Paragraph Alignment
+Preferences
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can also change the paragraph alignment with the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog.
- There are four possibilities:
-\end_layout
+The preferences dialog is described in detail in chapter
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\family sans
-\bar under
-J
-\bar default
-ustified
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-eft
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Section
+The Help Menu
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-ight
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Menu ! Help
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-enter
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
- spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
- the left and right margins.
- The other three alignments should be self-explanatory, and look like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align right
-This paragraph is right aligned,
+This menu opens the documentation files of LyX in the language of LyX's
+ menus.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-this one is centered,
-\end_layout
+The menu
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align left
-this one is left aligned.
-\end_layout
+Configuration
+\family default
+ shows a LyX-document with informations about the LaTeX-packages and classes
+ found by LyX (see also section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some paragraph environments, the default is something other than justified
- alignment.
-
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:LaTeX-Setup"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Forcing Page Breaks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:pagebreak"
+\begin_layout Section
+Toolbars
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Toolbars"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't like the way LaTeX does the page breaks in your document, you
- can force a pagebreak where you want one.
- In general, this will
-\emph on
-not
-\emph default
- be necessary because LaTeX is good at pagebreaking, as was already mentioned
- in section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:widows"
+How to show or hide toolbars is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Toolbars"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So in general there is no need to use the option described below, and we
- recommend not using it until the text is finished, and until you have checked
- in the preview to see if you
+It is also possible to define custom toolbars.
+ This is described in the
\emph on
-really
+Extended Features
\emph default
- have to change the pagebreaking.You can force a pagebreak above or below
- a paragraph in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-aragraph\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
-\family default
- dialog by selecting the checkboxes to add a pagebreak above or below the
- paragraph.
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
- at the top of a page.
- This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
- LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
- appear at the top of a page [or the bottom, or on their own page] without
- having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:figures"
-
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Standard Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:tables"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Standard
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- and read about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
- to learn more.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Blanks/Spaces
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A blank is a blank? Not in good typography.
- While you might be used to press the space key anytime you want to separate
- two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers you more spaces: Spaces
- of different width and spaces which can or cannot be broken at the end
- of a line.
- The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
- useful.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Inter-word Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:normblank-lbreak-horline"
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/StandardToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages (e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-g.\InsetSpace \space{}
-English) have the typographical convention to add extra
- space after an end-of-sentence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventio
-ns (see section\InsetSpace ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:abbrev"
-
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-).
- Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
- In this case, insert one with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Inter-
-\bar under
-w
-\bar default
-ord\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- or with
-\family sans
-C-M-Space.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Protected Space
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:protblank-lbreak-horline"
+The standard toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
- line at that point.
- This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-A good documentation should weight no more than 1
-\newline
-kg.
-
+\backslash
+setlength{
+\backslash
+LTleft}{0pt}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is necessary to left align the following longtables.
+ See the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-kg
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-.
- A protected space is set with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected
-\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
-S
-\bar default
-pace
-\family default
- or with
-\family sans
-C-Space.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Thin Space
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:thinblank-lbreak-horline"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="1" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-A
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-thin space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pull-down menu for the paragraph environments
+\end_layout
- is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-protected
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-).
- The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
- thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
- inside abbreviations:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
-D.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-E.
- Knuth has developped our beloved typesetting program, i.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
-e.\InsetSpace \space{}
-TeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert a thin space with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-hin\InsetSpace ~
-Space
-\family default
- or with
-\family sans
-C-S-Space.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset VSpace -10mm
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-More Spaces
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Apart from the ones described, there are still some more spaces.
- Although LyX supports them natively, they can only be reached via the
-\emph on
-minibuffer
-\emph default
-.
- To get them, just type
-\family typewriter
-space-insert <command>
-\family default
- into the minibuffer, where
-\family typewriter
-<command>
-\family default
- is one of the following:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
+\align left
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-command
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-new.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-width
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-protected?
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/file-open.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
-normal
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-1/3\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-no
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-write.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-protected
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Save
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-1/3\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_print.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 24bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-yes
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Print
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_spellchecker.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
-thin
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-1/6\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-yes
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-enspace
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-0.5\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-yes
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Redo
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
-enskip
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-0.5\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-no
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family typewriter
-quad
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Copy
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-1\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-no
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
-qquad
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-2\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-no
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-emph.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Emphasize text, function of the Edit
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-negthinspace
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
--1/6\InsetSpace ~
-em
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/font-noun.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-yes
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Set text to noun style, function of the Edit
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/textstyle-apply.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Line breaking
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can force line breaks within a paragraph by selecting
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special\InsetSpace ~
-F
-\bar under
-o
-\bar default
-rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-inebreak
-\family default
- or with
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formats text using the current settings in the
\family sans
-C-Return.
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Style
\family default
- You should, however, not use this to correct LaTeX's linebreaking, as LaTeX
- is
-\emph on
-very
-\emph default
- good at linebreaking\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:pagebreak"
+ dialog
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-).
- There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to actively
- set a linebreak, e.g.
- in a poem or for an Address (see sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:quote"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:verse"
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:adress_usage"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Inline
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-).
+Formula
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Spellchecking
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:spellchecking"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX itself has no built-in spellchecker.
- Rather it uses the external
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- program as a backend or the newer and generally better
-\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-.
- This section assumes you have already installed and set up one of these
- programs.
-
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-The spellchecker can be started with the menu entry
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\shape up
-S
-\bar default
-pellchecker
-\family default
-\shape default
-.
- Checking will start just after the current cursor position.
- A dialog window will appear showing any incorrect (or unknown) word found,
- allowing you to edit and replace it in a second line.
- Whenever an unknown word is found, the word is highlighted and the view
- in your text buffer is updated to make the word visible.
- In the
\family sans
-Spellchecker
-\family default
- dialog, there is also a box showing suggestions for a correction, if any
- could be found.
- Clicking on one of the corrections will copy the near miss into the replace
- input field (double-click to invoke replace).
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Spellchecker Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:spell_opt"
-
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following options can be set in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
- dialog.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Dictionary
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-By default, the dictionary file to use is determined by the language of
- the text you're checking, which is set in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- If you do not have a dictionary for the document language, the spellchecker
- will not work.
- In this case, you can specify another dictionary file in the dialog by
- specifying a different
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-alternative language
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-.
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you're using
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
-, you may need to make a link from say
-\family typewriter
-deutsch.(aff|hash)
-\family default
- to
-\family typewriter
-german.(aff|hash)
-\family default
- or whatever applies for your language.
- This is because these
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- files normally have the native language name (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-deutsch
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-) whereas
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
-, when started from LyX, searches for the English version of the name used
- with the LaTeX babel package (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-german
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You may also have problems the font encoding is not correct for that dictionary.
- If you use a language with
-\family typewriter
-latin1
-\family default
- encoding and set the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-ncoding
-\family default
- option in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog to
-\family sans
-latin1
-\family default
- (or other than
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
-), you must have this option in your language dictionary as well.
- If your dictionary doesn't support the
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle outline window on/off,
\family sans
-Encoding
-\family default
- you chose, you'll have an error like this on stderr:
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\family typewriter
-ispell: unrecognized formatter type 'latin1'
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_math.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-The spellchecker gives you an error that it couldn't start the
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- process and that you probably have some problems with your dictionary file.
-
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four solutions to this problem.
- The easiest is to try the
-\family sans
-Use\InsetSpace ~
-Input\InsetSpace ~
-Encoding
-\family default
- option.
- If that does not help, you can set
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-ncoding
-\family default
- to
-\family sans
-default
-\family default
- when calling the spellchecker (which is probably annoying).
- The third is to add the
-\family typewriter
-latin1
-\family default
- option to your dictionary
-\family typewriter
-\emph on
-<
-\family default
-language
-\family typewriter
->
-\emph default
-.aff
-\family default
- file and recompile the dictionary (which probably isn't easy if you installed
- the whole stuff with some distribution and don't have the language directory
- of the
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- sources).
- Read the
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- documentation for this task! The fourth is to send a message to your package-ma
-intainer, or better yet to the maintainer of the dictionary file in question
- and ask him to solve your problem.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Personal dictionary
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to use a different file from the spellchecker's default choice
- as your personal dictionary, you can set this in the dialog.
- Specifying a filename which does not already exist will result in an error
- message on stderr which you can ignore (
-\family typewriter
-ispell
-\family default
- will create the file when you finish checking your spelling).
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Further Options
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle math toolbar on/off
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-pellchecker\InsetSpace ~
-Options
-\family default
- dialog has some additional options which are self-explanatory:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/toolbar-toggle_table.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\family sans
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-ccept compound words
-\family default
+\end_inset
-\newline
-Prevent the spellchecker from complaining about compounded words like
-\newline
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-passthrough
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toggle table toolbar on/off
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-scape characters
-\family default
-\newline
-Allows you to add nonstandard characters to what the spellchecker considers
- words, e.g.
- German umlauts.
- This should not normally be needed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Limitations
-\end_layout
+Extra Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some users have expressed a wish to be able to globally change the spelling
- of a particular word, rather than having to change the spelling separately
- for each occurrence of the word.
- Per-document word lists would also be useful.
- Neither of these features are present as of this writing.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Extra
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Unless you're using the
-\family typewriter
-pspell
-\family default
- spellchecker, LyX cannot correctly spellcheck documents containing multiple
- languages.
- This, does, however, work with
-\family typewriter
-pspell
-\family default
-, assuming you have marked the different languages appropriately.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-International Support
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.
- LyX comes with a default configuration which supports the English language
- on a U.S.-style keyboard, with a standard U.S.
- paper size and the spellchecker set to U.S.
- English.
- You can change any or all of these settings as desired, and you can make
- the changes apply to the current session only, or use them as your new
- default configuration.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you have a keyboard suited to the language you are using (for example,
- a German keyboard for writing in German), and you have correctly configured
- your X environment, all you need to do for LyX is tell it your language,
- the character encoding, and desired paper size.
- Refer to
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:langlay"
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ExtraToolbar.png
+ width 100col%
\end_inset
- for more information.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If, however, you have a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a different
- language than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
- For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
- you can configure LyX to use an Italian keymap.
- Refer to
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:optkey"
-
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
- for details.
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
- different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
- You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.S.
- keyboard but want to include an occasional quotation in German.
- In such a case, you can write your own keyboard mapping or modify an existing
- one to support the characters you want.
-
+The extra toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the following
+ buttons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The details of how to customize LyX to your own language are
-\emph on
-way
-\emph default
- beyond the scope of this manual.
- You cannot only alter the keyboard layout, you can also change the names
- of the menus buttons, etc., to reflect your language.
- If you want to learn more about writing keymap files and tailoring LyX
- to your native tongue, please see the
-\emph on
-Customization
-\emph default
- manual for details.
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Language Options
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:langlay"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog lets you set
-\family roman
-the language and character encoding for your language.
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Default
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Choose your language by clicking on the arrow in t
-\family roman
-he
-\family default
-
-\family sans
-Language
-\family default
- combo
-\family roman
-box
-\family default
- of the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- The default is U.S.
- English.
- Scroll to find the language you want and then click on your choice.
- The language name appears in the window.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX terms, selecting a language other than default adds Babel support.
- If you do not have Babel installed, refer to the different LaTeX distributions
- for it.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Enumerate.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-Enco
-\bar under
-d
-\bar default
-ing
-\family default
- box lets you choose the character encoding map you want to use.
- The default is the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- encoding, which includes the characters required by the various Western
- European languages.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Numbered list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Keyboard mapping configuration
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:optkey"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Itemize.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings.
- This allows you to choose the keymap of your choice for your U.S.-style keyboard.
- You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
- which one you want to use.
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Itemized list
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Character Tables
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:keytab"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_List.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Table\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "cap:The-latin1-character"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+List
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- shows the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- character set.
- You should be able to enter the characters in the first eight columns directly
- from the keyboard.
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout_Description.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are a few things you need to know about this table.
- This manual is set up --- by hand, mind you --- to print all of these character
-s.
- That ain't the default.
- Nowhere near, in fact.
- Here are some of the details you'll need to bear in mind when using characters
- from the
-\family typewriter
-Latin1
-\family default
- character set:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Even if you've selected
-\family sans
-latin1
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog, users who have only the
-\family typewriter
-T1
-\family default
--fonts for LaTeX [or who have the
-\family typewriter
-T1
-\family default
--fonts but aren't using them] will still miss a few characters: D0, F0,
- DE, FE, AB, and BB -- the uppercase and lowercase eth and thorn, and the
- french quotes won't show up.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Float table
-wide false
-sideways false
-status open
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Description list
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "cap:The-latin1-character"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-increment.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
-The
-\family typewriter
-latin1
-\family default
- character set
+
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Increase
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Depth
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="17">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/depth-decrement.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-00
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Decrease
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Depth
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/float-insert_figure.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-10
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-20
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Figure
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/float-insert_table.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-30
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-40
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Float\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-50
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-60
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-70
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-80
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross-Reference
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-90
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A0
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/index-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B0
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C0
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Index
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/nomencl-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-D0
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Nomenclature
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Entry
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-E0
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-F0
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-00
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Note
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/note-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Note
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/box-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-@
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Box
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/url-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-P
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-'
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+URL
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-p
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+T
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\family sans
+eX
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_include.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 20bp
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-°
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Child
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Document
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-À
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ð
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/layout-paragraph.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-à
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ð
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/thesaurus-entry.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-01
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Thesaurus
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+View / Update Toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! View / Update
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-!
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ViewToolbar.png
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-1
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-A
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The view / update toolbar as shown above contains from left to right the
+ following buttons:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features islongtable="true">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Q
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-a
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-q
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_pdf2.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¡
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_pdf2.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-±
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Á
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This button is on some LyX for Windows installations not here because its
+ functionality is merged with
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+PDF
+\family default
+.
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ñ
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_ps.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-á
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ñ
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_ps.png
+ BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
+ rotateOrigin center
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-02
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Postscript
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other Toolbars
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The change tracking toolbar is explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, the table toolbar
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar ! Table
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ is explained in the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Chapter
+The
+\family sans
+Preferences
+\family default
+ Dialog
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:The-Preferences-dialog"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Preferences
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-2
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+The preferences dialog is called with the menu Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences.
+ It consists of submenus explained in the following.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-B
+\begin_layout Section
+Look and Feel
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+User Interface
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:ui"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-R
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of toolbars
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-b
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of menus
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-r
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You have to restart LyX before changes in ui- and bind-files take effect.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+User Interface File
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of toolbars
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Customization ! of menus
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-¢
+The appearance of the menus and toolbars can be changed by choosing an user
+ interface (ui) file.
+ An ui-file is a textfile where the toolbars and menus are listed.
+ The toolbar buttons and menu entries are specified in the files
+\shape italic
+stdtoolbars.inc
+\shape default
+ and
+\shape italic
+stdmenus.inc
+\shape default
+, respectively.
+ Both files are loaded by the
+\emph on
+default.ui
+\emph default
+ file.
+ To create your own menu and toolbar layout, start with a copy of these
+ files and edit the entries.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The syntax of the .inc-files is straightforward: The
+\family sans
+Menubar
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Menu
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ entries must be ended with an explicit
+\family sans
+End
+\family default
+.
+ They may contain
+\family sans
+Submenus
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Items
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+OptItems
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Separators
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Icons,
+\family default
+ and in the case of the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+file
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ menus a
+\family sans
+Lastfiles
+\family default
+ entry.
+ The syntax for the entries is:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-²
-\end_layout
+\series bold
+Item
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+menu
+\series default
+or
+\series bold
+ button name
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Â
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+LyX-function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ò
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+All LyX-functions are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "LyX-func"
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-â
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ò
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-03
+An example: Assuming you use the menu
+\family sans
+Navigate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Bookmarks
+\family default
+ quite often and therefore want six available bookmarks, you can add the
+ line
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+Item "Save Bookmark 6" "bookmark-save 6"
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip*
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+to the navigate menu section in the .inc-file to have the sixth bookmark.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bind-File
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bindings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-#
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+Bindings are used to bind a function to a key.
+ Several binding files are available:
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-3
+\begin_layout Description
+cua.bind typical set of PC keyboard shortcuts
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Description
+(x)emacs.bind set of bindings like they are used in the editor programs
+\family sans
+Emacs
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+XEmacs
+\family default
+)
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+mac.bind set of bindings for
+\family sans
+Mac
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-C
+OS
+\family default
+ systems.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also bind-files designed for special document classes, like
+\shape italic
+broadway.bind
+\shape default
+, and bind files for special languages.
+ The name of language bind-files begin with a language code, e.g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+pt
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-S
+ for Portuguese.
+ If you use LyX in a certain language, LyX will try to use the appropriate
+ bind-file.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-c
+Some bind-files, like
+\emph on
+math.bind
+\emph default
+, have only a small scope.
+ When looking at the the end of the file
+\shape italic
+cua.bind
+\shape default
+, you can see that they are included to keep the overview in the bind-file.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you like to customize the keybindings to your own taste, modify the bind-file
+s with a text editor.
+ The syntax of the entries is:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-s
-\end_layout
+\series bold
+\backslash
+bind
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+key combination
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+LyX-function
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+All LyX-functions are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "LyX-func"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-£
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Session
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+When the option
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-³
+restore window size, or use fixed size
+\family default
+ is not checked, you can specify the size of LyX's main window when LyX
+ is started.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ã
+restore window position
+\family default
+ LyX will be opened with its main window at the last used position.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Restore cursor positions
+\family default
+ sets the cursor to the position in the file where it has been the last
+ time.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ó
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Load opened files from last session
+\family default
+ opens all files that were opened in the last LyX session.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Documents
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Backup documents"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ã
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Backup ! Documents
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ó
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-04
+When the option
+\family sans
+Backup documents
+\family default
+ is set, you can specify the time between backup saves.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Maximum last files
+\family default
+ is the number of last opened files that LyX should display in the menu
+
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+Recent
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Scrolling
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Cursor follows scrollbar
+\family default
+ sets the cursor to the top of the currently displayed document part when
+ scrolling.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Pixmap Cache
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the option
+\family sans
+Enable Pixmap Cache
+\family default
+ enabled, LyX needs to redraw the screen less often.
+ This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
+ On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
+ So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
+ aesthetics.
+ Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+OS and Windows.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-$
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Screen Fonts
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Font ! Screen
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-4
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Screen-Fonts"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-D
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+These fonts are used to display your documents on the screen.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-T
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This section only deals with the fonts
+\emph on
+inside
+\emph default
+ the LyX window.
+ The fonts that appear on the output are independent from these fonts, and
+ set in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Fonts
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-d
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+By default, LyX uses
+\family typewriter
+Times
+\family default
+ as roman (serif) font,
+\family typewriter
+Arial
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+Helvetica
+\family default
+ (depends on the system) as
+\family sans
+sans
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-t
+serif
+\family default
+ font, and
+\family typewriter
+Courier
+\family default
+ as
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can change the font size with the
+\family sans
+Zoom
+\family default
+ setting.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Screen DPI
+\family default
+ is the screen resolution in dpi (dots per inch).
+ The Font Sizes are calculated as letter height in units of points.
+ 72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+points have the size of 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+inch, see Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-¤
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The default
+\family sans
+Font Sizes
+\family default
+ are the same as if a document font size of 10
+\begin_inset Formula $\,$
+\end_inset
+
+pt would be used.
+ The sizes are explained in detail in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-´
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Document-Font"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ä
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Colors
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Color ! LyX screen
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ô
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Color
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ä
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+You can here change all colors used by LyX.
+ Choose an item in the list and use the
+\family sans
+Alter
+\family default
+ button.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ô
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Graphics
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Graphics
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-05
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can specify how graphics inside LyX are displayed.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family sans
+Instant Preview
+\family default
+ enables previewing snippets of your document.
+ This feature is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Previewing-snippets-of"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard Map
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Keyboard Map
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-%
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Keyboard Map
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-5
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Keyboard-Map"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-E
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Normally keyboard settings have to be done in a menu of your operating system.
+ For the case that this is not possible, LyX provides keyboard maps.
+ If you have e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-U
+a Czech keyboard but want to write with it like with a Romanian one, you
+ can use the keyboard map file named
+\emph on
+romanian.kmap
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-e
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ Keyboard maps are only provided as makeshift and don't work on all systems.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-u
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Paths
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paths
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Directory
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Working
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-¥
+directory This is LyX's working directory.
+ It is the default when you
+\family sans
+Open
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Save
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+as
+\family default
+ files.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Document
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-µ
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Backup
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+directory
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Å
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Backup ! Directory
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ Backup copies will be saved to this directory.
+ When no directory is given but backups are enabled as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Õ
-\end_layout
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Backup documents"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+, the
+\family sans
+Working directory
+\family default
+ will be used to save the backups.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-å
-\end_layout
+The backup files have the ending
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+.lyx~
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-õ
+\begin_layout Description
+Ly
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+XServer-Pipe Here you can enter the name of a Unix-pipe.
+ This pipe is used to send data from external programs to LyX.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-06
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ This feature doesn't work on Windows systems.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Temporary
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+directory Temporary files will be saved in this directory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+PATH
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+prefix This field contains a list of paths to external programs.
+ When LyX needs to use an external program, it looks in this list where
+ to find it on the system.
+ The path list is automatically set up on Windows and Mac systems while
+ LyX is configured, so that you normally don't have to modify it.
+ On Unix
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Linux systems, the path list will need to be set only if there are external
+ programs you wish to use that are not in your normal system path ($PATH).
+
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-&
+\begin_layout Section
+Identity
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you can insert your name and email address.
+ The identity will be used when you have enabled change tracking as described
+ in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-6
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+, to mark changes you make as yours.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-F
+\begin_layout Section
+Language Settings
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Language ! Settings
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-V
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Language
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-f
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Language
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-v
+language is the language used in new documents
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Language
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+package is a LaTeX-command to load a LaTeX-package that handles language
+ issues.
+ The default is the LaTeX-command
+\family sans
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+usepackage{babel}
+\family default
+ that loads the package
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For an introduction to the LaTeX-Syntax, have a look at section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:TeX-Code"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-¦
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¶
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+The
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ translates in the background automatically text labels of documents to
+ the document language.
+ A text label is for instance the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Æ
+ at the beginning of every table-caption.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+start When a special LaTeX-package is needed to write in a certain document
+ language, you can here specify the command to start the package.
+ An example is the start command
+\family sans
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ö
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+begin{arabtext}
+\family default
+ that is needed to write Arabic using the package
+\series bold
+ArabTeX
+\series default
+, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+.
+ The default is the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ command
+\family sans
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-æ
+\backslash
+selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+end Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Command start
+\family default
+.
+ Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
+ command toggles the package on and off.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ö
+\begin_layout Description
+Use
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+babel Whether
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ is used or not.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Global When this option is set, the languages used in the document will
+ be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be
+ used by all Latex@LaTeX-packages.
+ Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ package.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+begin When this option is set, the documents starts with the chosen document
+ language.
+ When this option is not set, the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-07
+start
+\family default
+ is explicitly set to the beginning of the document in the LaTeX-output.
+ This assures that the correct language is used when you use another
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ than the default.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+end Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Auto
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+begin
+\family default
+.
+ When it is not set, the
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+end
+\family default
+ is set to the end of the document.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Mark
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+foreign
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document
+ language will be underlined blue.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Right
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-`
-\end_layout
+left
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+language
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left, like Arabic,
+ Hebrew, Farsi.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-7
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The spellchecker settings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-G
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-W
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Outputs
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Printer
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Printer"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-g
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Printer
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-w
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Printer
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Default
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+printer Here you can specify the name of your default printer.
+ The name will be used when the
+\family sans
+Printer command
+\family default
+ is executed.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-§
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ You can leave this field empty on Windows systems because it has there
+ no effect.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-·
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Adapt
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ç
-\end_layout
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+printer This option works only for the
+\family sans
+Printer command
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-×
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+dvips
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ç
+.
+ It activates a configuration file for dvips.
+ This is an option only for dvips experts.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Printer
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+command is the command LyX
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-÷
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+LaTeX uses for printing.
+ The default is on most systems
+\family sans
+dvips
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Printer
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-08
+Options Here you can specify printer options.
+ A list of printer options with explanations can be found in the documentation
+ of the program that provides the
+\family sans
+Printer command
+\family default
+ you are using.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Date Format
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Date Format
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Date format
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-(
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-8
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/CGI/man-cgi?date
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-H
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+For example the format
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+%d/%m/%y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-X
+prints the date as day/month/year.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Plain Text
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-h
+length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
+ the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+.
+ Setting the line line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless
+ line.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+roff
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-x
+command defines an additional command used to produce better ASCII tables
+ with the
+\family typewriter
+groff/troff/nroff
+\family default
+ UNIX-commands (refer to their manuals for more information about them).
+ Setting this as empty tells LyX to use the internal formatter.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaT
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Latex@LaTeX
\end_layout
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-Ø
-\end_layout
+X
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+encoding This is the default encoding of the document font.
+
+\family sans
+T1
+\family default
+ is the default and covers western languages and symbols.
+
+\family sans
+T2A
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2B
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+T2C
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+LCY
+\family default
+, and
+\family sans
+X2
+\family default
+ are for Cyrillic.
+ Combinations of the encodings are possible, like
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
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+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
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+.
+ The font encoding is normally automatically loaded by the language packages
+ LyX sets up in the background.
+ So there is no need to change the default encoding.
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+\begin_layout Description
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+\begin_inset space ~
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+\begin_inset space ~
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+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog when changing the document class.
+\end_layout
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-
+In the
+\family sans
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+\family default
+ field you can specify commands with parameters for the listed applications.
+ Before you change something here, it is strongly recommended to read the
+ manuals of the applications.
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+command Command for the program
+\family sans
+CheckTeX
+\family default
+ that is described in section
+\emph on
+Checking TeX
+\emph default
+ of the
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+ manual.
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+ that generates the bibliography, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
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+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Bibliography-databases"
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+\begin_inset space ~
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space ~
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+options They only have an effect when the program
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+\family default
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+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-©
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Paths
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Paths
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
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+The submenu
+\family sans
+Paths
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+ is only available in the Windows version of LyX.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Use Windows-style paths in LaTeX files
+\family default
+ uses the Windows path style:
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ù
+\begin_layout Standard
+C:
+\backslash
+test
+\backslash
+hello
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+instead of the Unix path style:
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+C:/test/hello
+\end_layout
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-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
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+\begin_layout Section
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+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Converters
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-\bar no
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+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you find the list of defined converter commands to convert material
+ from one format to another.
+ You can modify them or create new ones.
+ To modify a converter, select it, change the entry of the field
+\family sans
+Converter
+\family default
+ and/or
+\family sans
+Extra
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
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+\family default
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+ To create a new converter, select an existing one, select a different format
+ in the
+\family sans
+From
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
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+format
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+ drop-down list, modify the
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+\family default
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+\family sans
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+\family sans
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
+More about converters, like the variables and flags that can be used in
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+Converters
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
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-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-
-\begin_layout Standard
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+\begin_inset Index
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-\shape up
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-\color none
-*
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+File formats
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-\bar no
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-\color none
-J
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you find the list of defined file formats that LyX can handle.
+ You can modify the viewer and editor program that should be used for certain
+ formats.
+ To create a new format, select an existing one, change the entry of the
+ fields
+\family sans
+Format
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+GUI
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+name
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+, and press the
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+Add
+\family default
+ button.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+More about formats, like the options that can be used in the format definition,
+ is described in section
+\emph on
+Formats
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Z
+\begin_layout Section
+Copiers
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Copiers
\end_layout
\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Text
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-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here you find the list of defined copiers.
+ Since all conversions from one format to another take place in LyX's temporary
+ directory, it is sometimes necessary to modify a file before copying it
+ to the temporary directory in order that the conversion may be performed.
+ This is done by a Copier.
+\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+More about converters is described in section
+\emph on
+Copiers
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-z
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Units available in LyX
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Units
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "cha:Units-available-in"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To understand the units described in this documentation,
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "cap:Units"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+ explains all units available in LyX.
+\end_layout
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+\begin_inset Float table
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+sideways false
+status open
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-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ª
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset Caption
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+\begin_inset CommandInset label
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+Units
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-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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-\family roman
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+name/description
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</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-\size tiny
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-\noun off
-\color none
-0B
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+millimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cm
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\family roman
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+centimeter
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</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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-
-\family roman
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-;
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+</row>
+<row>
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
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+in)
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+<row>
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-
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-{
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+pc
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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+pc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt)
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+http://www.xindy.org/documentation.html
\end_layout
\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
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-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¾
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "caption"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Î
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption.pdf"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+caption
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Þ
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
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-\noun off
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-î
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/caption/caption.pdf
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\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-þ
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "fancyhdr"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\size tiny
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-0F
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+fancyhdr
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.pdf
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\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-/
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "nomencl"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-?
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+nomencl
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-O
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-_
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nomencl/nomencl.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-o
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "tipa"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+tipa
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/tipa/tipaman.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¯
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "wrapfig"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-¿
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+ of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+wrapfig
+\series default
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-Ï
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Latex@LaTeX-packages ! wrapfig
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ß
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wrapfig/wrapfig.sty
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ï
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "XeTeX"
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\shape up
-\emph off
-\bar no
-\noun off
-\color none
-ÿ
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XeTeX"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+ how to use LyX with XeTeX:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XeTeX
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display
- directly.
- It includes not only the accented characters from the previous table, but
- also the characters from
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--2
-\family default
- through
-\family typewriter
-4
-\family default
-.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-From
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--1
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Arabic"
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ
-\hfill
-diaeresis
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û
-\hfill
-circumflex
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù
-\hfill
-grave
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
-\begin_layout Standard
-´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý
-\hfill
-acute
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ
-\hfill
-tilde
-\end_layout
+ how to set up LyX for Arabic:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-¸Çç
-\hfill
-cedilla
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-¯
-\hfill
-macron
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Flex URL
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-The dead macron in usually not needed, as you will use a non--dead key for
- this instead.
- For example, S-M-minus, or if
-\family typewriter
-\shape up
-.Xmodmap
-\family default
-\shape default
- is correct, S-M-macron.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-From
-\family typewriter
-ISO8859--2
-\family default
- through
-\family typewriter
-4
-\family default
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-ĤĴĥȷ̂ĈĜŜĉĝŝ
-\hfill
-circumflex
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Armenian"
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŚŹśźŔĹĆŃŕĺćń
-\hfill
-acute
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Ĩı̃Ũũ
-\hfill
-tilde
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŞşŢţŖĻĢŗļģŅĶņķ
-\hfill
-cedilla
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
-\begin_layout Standard
-These characters might not look very nice on screen, but they will be just
- fine when run through LaTeX and printed.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
+ how to set up LyX for Armenian:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-ĒēĀĪŌŪāı̄ōū
-\hfill
-macron
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-ŐŰőű
-\hfill
-hungarian umlaut
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts.
- In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters.
- Also make sure you're using the
-\family typewriter
-T1
-\family default
- font-encoding.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Credits
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The documentation is a collaborative effort between many different people
- (and we would encourage people to contribute !).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-First, we need to give due credit to those who came before us.
- They gave us the base upon which the new manuals are built, and some continue
- to provide information:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Farsi"
+
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
-\noun on
-Matthias Ettrich
-\noun default
- wrote the original documentation, from which this manual is built, as well
- as the introduction to this manual [or the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LyX Manifesto,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ how to set up LyX for Farsi:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- as some of us call it].
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noun on
-Lars Gullik Bjønnes
-\noun default
- wrote several minidocs, including some of the information about international
- support in LyX.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\noun on
-Ivan Schreter
-\noun default
- also wrote a minidoc about international support, specifically about internatio
-nal keyboard maps and customization.
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\noun on
-Alejandro Aguilar Sierra
-\noun default
- originally documented math mode and provided the entries for the math functions
- in
-\family typewriter
-Reference.lyx
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Special thanks to the LyX Team\InsetSpace ~
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Hebrew"
\end_inset
- for help and answers to questions.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Next, it's time to give credit to the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+
\end_inset
-LyX Documentation Team,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ how to set up LyX for Hebrew:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- all of the people who helped rewrite the old documentation into the form
- it had after LyX version 0.10:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\noun on
-David Johnson
-\noun default
-:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Contributor to the FAQ and the old
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-HowDoI-.lyx
-\family default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Japanese"
- [now defunct].
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-General editing assistance.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-math mode
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-tables
-\end_layout
+ how to set up LyX for Japanese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-spellchecking
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\noun on
-Rich Fields
-\noun default
-:
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Primary contributor to
-\family typewriter
-Reference.lyx
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of the basic LyX interface in
-\family typewriter
-UserGuide.lyx
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noun on
-Paul Evans
-\noun default
-:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Former maintainer of the FAQ and the old
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Vietnamese"
+
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-HowDoI-.lyx
-\family default
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- [now defunct].
-\end_layout
+ how to set up LyX for Vietnamese:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noun on
-Paul Russel:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of figures and imported graphics in
-\family typewriter
-UserGuide.lyx
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\noun on
-John Raithel
-\noun default
-:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of internationalization features in
-\family typewriter
-UserGuide.lyx
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "LyX-func"
-\noun on
-Robin Socha:
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-footnotes
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LyxFunctionList"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-margin notes
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-table of contents
-\end_layout
+ with a list of all available LyX-functions:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-cross-references
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\noun on
-Amir Karger
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Primary contributor to
-\family typewriter
-Tutorial.lyx
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/LyxFunctionList
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_inset
-\noun on
-Matthias Zenker:
-\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-manual fine-tuning
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "NewInLyX16"
-\begin_layout Itemize
-using LaTeX from within LyX
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-\noun on
-John Weiss
-\noun default
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wiki-page"
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX16"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ about new features in
+\family sans
+LyX 1.6.0
+\family default
:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-General organization and format of the documents.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Documentation of :
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX setup
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-paragraph environments, document layout, nesting, typography notes, fonts
+http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX16
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Also responsible for Introduction in
-\family typewriter
-Tutorial.lyx
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Editor of the documents.
- [from 6/96-fall 1997]
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-After fall of 1997, the LyX Team as a whole took over maintenance of the
- documentation.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "lyxcredit"
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-The LyX Team:
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-href{http://www.lyx.org/about/credits.php}{
+let
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+bibname
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\emph on
-CREDITS
-\emph default
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+bibname}{
+\backslash
+mybibname
+\backslash
+; 2}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The command
+\series bold
-}
+\backslash
+bibname
+\series default
+ is the name of the bibliography in the current document language.
+ It is redefined here with the number 2 at the end to state that the following
+ bibliography is the second one:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "latexbook"
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
+LatexCommand bibtex
+bibfiles "biblio/LyXDocs"
+options "biblio/alphadin"
\end_inset
-Leslie Lamport:
-\emph on
-LaTeX: A Document Preparation System.
-\emph default
- Addison-Wesley, second edition, 1994
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "latexcompanion"
-
-\end_inset
-
-Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin:
-\emph on
-The LaTeX Companion.
-
-\emph default
- Addison-Wesley, 1994
+\begin_layout Standard
+The above bibliography is created from a BibTeX-database.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "latexguide"
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
+LatexCommand printnomenclature
\end_inset
-Kopka and Daly:
-\emph on
-A Guide to LaTeX2e
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset LatexCommand bibitem
-key "texbook"
+\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
+LatexCommand printindex
\end_inset
-Donald E.
- Knuth.
-
-\emph on
-The TeXbook
+
\end_layout
\end_body
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff