-#LyX 1.4.0cvs created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 243
+#LyX 1.4.2svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 245
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrbook
\paragraph_separation indent
\defskip medskip
\quotes_language english
-\quotes_times 2
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-
The LyX User's Guide
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
-
by the LyX Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-Principal maintainer of this file is
-\noun on
-Mike Ressler
-\noun default
-.
- If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
- Documentation mailing list:
+If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
+tion mailing list:
\family typewriter
lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
To export this document as pdf, ps or dvi, the LaTeX-package
\series bold
hyperref
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This package should be part of all popular LaTeX-distributions.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
What is LyX?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX is a document preparation system.
It is a tool for producing beautiful manuscripts, publishable books, business
letters and proposals, and even poetry.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This philosophy is explained in much greater detail in the
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Getting Started
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Invoking LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Similar to other Linux [and other brands of Unix] programs, you start LyX
by simply typing
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are one or two things we'd like to comment on:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Please note that if you include more than one file name on the command line,
LyX will load them all, though it won't display them all simultaneously.
More on that in a bit.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
How LyX Looks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Like most applications, LyX has the familiar menu bar across the top of
its window.
Below it is a toolbar with a pulldown box and various buttons.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that there is no horizontal scroll bar.
This is not a bug or an oversight, but intentional.
When you read a book, you expect the end of a line to wrap around to the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are three cases where you might want a horizontal scrollbar.
The first case is large figures, displayed WYSIWYG\SpecialChar \@.
This, however, is due
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
HELP!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-First, the bad news: the help system is not as thorough or idiot-proof as
- in many commercial applications.
+First, the bad news: the help system is not as thorough as that in many
+ commercial applications.
Patience.
We're working on it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now the good news: the help system consists of the LyX manuals.
You can read
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
While we're at it, we'd like to make a comment about the manuals.
They're not idiot-proof, not in the least.
Here's what one of our authors,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
I hate manuals.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
Yes, we've all dealt with the terse, poorly-translated, or cryptic manuals.
They are aggravating.
I find, however, that the overly simplified ones are even more aggravating.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
Second, what information they do provide seems to assume that the user is
stupid.
Utter nonsense! Most users, in my experience, are some combination of clueless
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Editor's Note: With this in mind, I've instructed all of the other authors
to avoid patronizing you, the reader, and to be more pedagogical than pedantic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
The LyX Interface
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Basic File Operations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Under the
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
N
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
New\InsetSpace ~
from
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
O
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
C
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
S
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Save\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
R
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
P
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
E
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
They all do pretty much the same thing as in other word processors, with
a few minor differences.
The
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note: There is no
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you plan to do this, you should check out the Version Control feature
in LyX also.
Read
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The second matter of note concerns the commands
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Basic Editing Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Like most modern word processors, LyX can perform cut and paste operations
on blocks of text, can move by character, word, or screenful of text, and
can delete whole words as well as individual characters.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you might expect, the
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Cut
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Copy
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Paste
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
F
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The first three are self-explanatory.
One thing to note: whenever you delete a block of text that you've selected,
it's automatically placed in the clipboard.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Hit
\family sans
Replace
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Ca
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
Word
\family default
toggle button can be used to force LyX to only find complete words.
- I.e.
- searching for
+ I.e., searching for
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Undo and Redo
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you make a mistake, you can easily recover from it.
LyX has a large-capacity undo/redo buffer.
Select
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Notice that if you revert back all changes to arrive to the document as
it was last saved, the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Basic Mouse Bindings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We're not going to go into all of the mouse bindings here.
Some of the other sections of this manual cover specific operations you
can do with the mouse.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Motion
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Click the
\emph on
left mouse button
once anywhere in the edit window.
The cursor moves to the text under the mouse.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Selecting Text
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Hold down the
\emph on
left mouse button
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Re-position the cursor and then paste the text back into LyX using
\family sans
\bar under
\family default
.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Footnotes, Margin Notes, Figure and Table Floats, etc.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Single click
\emph default
left mouse button to open or close any of these.
Also check the appropriate section of this manual for more details.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Tables
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Single click
\emph default
\emph default
to open a dialog that will allow you to manipulate the table.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Basic Key Bindings
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec: key bindings}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Again, we're not going to cover all of the keybindings.
Be aware that there are at least two different primary binding maps: CUA
and Emacs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some keys, like
\family sans
Page\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Tab
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Esc
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Home
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you haven't set up your keyboard under X, or have no idea what we mean
by that, go read section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:x-win-keys}
immediately.
You'll save yourself a lot of headaches.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Then there are the modifier keys:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Control-
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
With
\family sans
Backspace
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
With
\family sans
Left
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
With
\family sans
Home
\family default
, it moves to the beginning and the end of the document, respectively.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Shift-
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Meta-
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
For example, the sequence
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
M-e\InsetSpace ~
-a
+s
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- pastes text.
+ brings up the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Text Style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ menu.
Typing
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are also other things bound to the
\family sans
Meta-
\emph default
for more info.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Hopefully, you'll learn more and more keybindings and short-cut keys as
you use LyX, because most mouse actions will prompt a small message in
the minibuffer which describe the name of the action, you've just triggered,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Using LyX with Other Programs
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Importing ASCII files
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can import text from an ASCII file using the
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\bar under
F
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\bar under
F
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Cut and Paste Between LyX and Other X Programs
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Cut
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Pasting text into LyX also works much the same way as in X.
Select the text with the mouse in another X window.
Go to the Lyx window and paste the text with the middle mouse button.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
LyX Setup and Supporting Applications
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you're using LyX on a system someone else has set up for you, then you
can safely skip this chapter.
It describes all of the things you need beyond the LyX binary and files
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you're installing LyX on your system,
\emph on
you should read the README's that came with the LyX distribution and then
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
This is basically where we decided to document a bunch of info about running
LyX, including what other programs you'll need to make LyX useful.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Basic LyX Setup
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:setup}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are two ways to run LyX.
The first way is to install LyX and all of its support files on your system.
- Of course, you need root privileges to do that.
+ Of course, you need root (administrator) privileges to do that.
The second way to run LyX doesn't require root access, letting you
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are several features of LyX that can be configured from inside LyX,
without resorting to configuration files.
First, LyX is able to inspect your system to see what programs, LaTeX document
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The second set of settings that you might want to change comprises all the
document-level setting that you can change via the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are many other user-configurable options that you can feed to LyX.
Upon startup, LyX reads a global options file called
\family typewriter
.
It will then attempt to read a file called
\family typewriter
-~/.lyx/preferences
+preferences
\family default
- beneath your home directory.
- The
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family typewriter
+preferences
+\family default
+ file is found in different directories on different systems.
+ This directory is called LyX's
+\emph on
+user directory
+\emph default
+.
+
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+To find out where it is, use
\family sans
\bar under
-T
+H
\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
+elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+About Ly
+\bar under
+X
+\family default
+\bar default
+.
+ (You may set up an alternative user directory from the command line, using
+ the switch
+\family typewriter
+-userdir
\family default
-\SpecialChar \-
+.)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
\family sans
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
\bar under
P
\bar default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Setting Up the X Keyboard [obsolescent]
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:x-win-keys}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To use LyX properly, X
\emph on
must
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
xmodmap and xkeycaps
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
First of all read the man pages for these two programs.
They are your best friends when you are trying to set up X key mapping
correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
xmodmap
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This document contains no information on how to use
\family typewriter
xmodmap
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
xkeycaps
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This program brings up a graphical version of your keyboard, allows you
to make modifications, and then spits those modifications out to the standard
output in a form readable by
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Modifiers and Mode_switch
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX supports three modifiers: Shift [
\family sans
S-
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Compose+e+'
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Compose+O+R
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Compose+1+2
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Compose+<+<
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This input method is particularly handy when you use accented characters
only from time to time.
It works by default for latin1 characters, but other input methods will
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Helpful Hints and Tips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
First, open up two xterminals.
Use one to edit a new
\family typewriter
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
You could also save yourself some typing by executing
\family typewriter
xkeycaps > .Xmodmap
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Also, there are some things you can do to help you get oriented.
Try executing the command
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's one thing you'll need to check.
Make sure that your
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
LaTeX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you want to do more with LyX than simply create documents and spit out
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In case you were wondering, LaTeX is a markup language front end for TeX,
a document preparation system invented in 1984 by Donald Knuth.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
A note about pronunciation: TeX originated from the Greek letters,
\begin_inset Formula $\tau\epsilon\chi$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that on some old systems you may find that only LaTeX 2.09 is installed
(as opposed to the more current LaTeX2e).
LyX cannot be used with LaTeX 2.09.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you're using Linux, LaTeX2e should have come with your distribution.
For other systems, you might need to install LaTeX yourself.You can obtain
a LaTeX distribution (and anything and everything related to TeX and LaTeX)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Dvips and Ghostscript
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
What You Need
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's one more step you need to take if you want to print your LyX documents.
Obviously, you'll need to make sure your printer is configured [see next
section].
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family typewriter
dvips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family typewriter
ghostscript
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family typewriter
xdvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family typewriter
ghostview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The latter two programs are previewer for files in Dvi and PostScript®
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
PostScript® is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, and
is the main page description language in the UN*X world.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Dvips
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:dvipsconfig}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Whether you'll be running LyX on a large system or a Linux box at home,
you should configure
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you are not a mood to configure
\family typewriter
dvips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you are using teTeX (a TeX distribution which is particularly popular
on Linux), you should run the program
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Let's turn now to manual configuration: in order to inform
\family typewriter
dvips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Typically, there will be at least one config-file:
\family typewriter
config.ps
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
In particular, this file is not necessarily connected to the existence of
a file named
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's at least one thing you need to do to the config-file.
There may exist a line that looks like,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once you are satisfied that your printers are correctly configured, you
should tell LyX to make use of this configuration.
To do this, you should launch the
\bar default
references
\family default
-) and set the entries
+), select the
+\family sans
+Printer
+\family default
+ tab, and set the entries
\family sans
Adapt\InsetSpace ~
output
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can use as many configuration files as you like, one for each of your
printers.
The default printer for LyX can be specified from the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If your printer doesn't understand PostScript®, you'll need to use
\family typewriter
ghostscript
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some people don't seem to like using the
\family typewriter
dvips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Ghostscript, Xdvi and Ghostview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
Xdvi
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A quick note on both of these programs.
Both automatically update themselves if the viewed file
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
That means the
\family typewriter
.dvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The LyX team recommends using
\family typewriter
xdvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Use
\family typewriter
xdvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Make changes to the document using LyX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
To view those changes, just choose
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now, this doesn't mean
\family typewriter
ghostview
gv
\family default
.
- LyX will automatically use it instead of ghostscript if it is available.
+ LyX will automatically use it instead of
+\family typewriter
+ghostview
+\family default
+ if it is available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
The Printer
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\size normal
Anyone working on a large system shouldn't have any problems here.
Your sysadmin [or you, if you are the sysadmin] should already have the
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\size normal
-Those of you using Linux, however, will have a bit more work to do.
- Many people now receive a Linux distribution, such as Red Hat or Slackware,
- on CD-ROM
-\size default
-\SpecialChar \@.
-
\size normal
+Those of you using Linux, however, may have a bit more work to do.
+ Many people now install Linux from an ISO image of one of the popular distribut
+ions.
They follow the install instructions, get Linux up and running, but never
realize that they need to set up their printer.
\size default
-If you find that you need to do this by hand, we've written a little something
- to help you out with that; check out the
+The more desktop friendly distributions may do this for you automatically.
+ However, if you find that you need to do this by hand, we've written a
+ little something to help you out with that; check out the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
LyX Basics
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Document Types
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Introduction
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Before you do anything else, before you ever start writing a document, you
need to decide what
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A
\emph on
document class
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Read on for info about the document classes you can choose from LyX, and
how to fine-tune some of their properties.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:doc-classes}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are five standard document classes in LyX.
They are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Article for basic articles
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Report for basic reports
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Book for writing a book
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Letter for US-style letters
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Slides is used to make transparencies
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are also some non-standard classes, which LyX only uses if you have
a LaTeX setup that supports them:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Aapaper Journal articles in the style and format used in Astronomy & Astrophysic
s
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Amsart Journal articles in the style and format used by the AMS [American
Mathematical Society].
There are three amsart layouts available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Amsbook Books in the style and format used by the AMS.
Only the standard numbering scheme is provided, under the assumption that
you would not want to number results consecutively throughout a book, and
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Dinbrief für Briefe nach deutscher Art
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Foils is used to make transparencies, but is better than
\family sans
slides
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Linuxdoc Used with the SGML-tools package (formerly known as LinuxDoc).
It allows LyX to produce SGML output.
SGML is a markup language and is the predecessor to HTML\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Paper for use with the
\family typewriter
paper
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Revtex is used to write articles for the publications of the American Physical
Society (APS), American Institute of Physics (AIP), and Optical Society
of America (OSA).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We won't go into any detail about how to use these different document classes
here.
You can find all the details about the non-standard classes in the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Selecting a Class
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can select a class using the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Properties
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Each class has a default set of options.
Here's a quick table describing them:
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="5">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
There is no default value of
\family sans
E
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You're probably also wondering what
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Fine-tuning the Defaults
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Okay, we know we never told you what most of these
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
P
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
LaTeX does this part.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Default
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Empty
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Plain
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Headings
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Fancy
\family default
\family default
package for more details.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Sides
\family default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
i.e.
prints on both sides of a sheet of paper
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are two radio buttons here:
\family sans
One
\family default
for double-sided documents.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Columns
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that LyX won't show two columns on screen.
That's impractical, often unreadable, and not part of the WYSIWYM concept.
However, there
\emph default
be two columns in the generated output.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
E
\bar under
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
\family sans
Separation
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Paper Size, Orientation, and Margins
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are several other options to set in the
\family sans
Document\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are two options that affect the overall layout of the document, so
we'll describe them here.
You'll find them in the
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Orientation
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Papersi
\bar under
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
A3, A4,
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
B3, B4, B5
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
US Letter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
US legal
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
US executive
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Custom
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some of these settings require you to have the
\family sans
geometry
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Important Note:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you change a document's class, LyX has to convert
\emph on
everything
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Paragraph Indentation and Separation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Introduction
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:parindentintro}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Before describing all of the various paragraph environments, we'd like to
say a word or two about paragraph indentation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Everyone seems to have their own convention for separating paragraphs.
Most Americans indent the first line of a paragraph.
Others don't indent but put extra space between the paragraphs.
- LyX uses the same convention you find among typographer.
+ LyX uses the same convention you find among typographers.
The
\emph on
first
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
There is a way to force LaTeX to indent all paragraphs.
LyX won't show this, of course, but LaTeX
\emph on
print it that way.
You'll need to get a special package and insert an appropriate command
in the preamble.
- [
-\emph on
-Editor's Note: I'll insert this info when I get the time.
- - jw
-\emph default
-]
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The space between paragraphs, like the line spacing, the space between headings
and text --- in fact, all of the spacings for just about everything are
pre-coded into LyX.
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Actually, LaTeX does this when LyX goes to produce a printable file.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Global Indentation Method
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To select the default method of separating paragraphs, select
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Fine-Tuning
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also change the separation method of a single paragraph.
Open the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You should only need to change the indentation method for a single paragraph
if you need to do some fine-tuning.
Typically, you'll select
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Changing Line Spacing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Paragraph Environments
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:par-environments}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The paragraph environments correspond to the various
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A paragraph environment is simply a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To choose a new paragraph environment, use the pull-down box on the left
end of the toolbar.
LyX will change the environment of the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that hitting
\family sans
Return
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you are in one of these environments:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
vspace{-2ex}
\backslash
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Quote
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Quotation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
}
\backslash
parbox[t]{3cm}{
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Verse
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
}
\backslash
parbox[t]{3cm}{
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
}
\backslash
parbox[t]{3cm}{
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
List
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
}
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX keeps the old paragraph environment when you hit
\family sans
Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The default paragraph environment is
\family sans
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can nest a paragraph using the
\family sans
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Document Titles
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A LaTeX title page has three parts: the title itself, the name[s] of the
author[s] and a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX provides an interface to the title page commands through the paragraph
environments
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Put the title of your document in the
\family sans
Title
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Put the author name in the
\family sans
Author
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
If you want the date to have a certain appearance, want to use a fixed date,
or want other text to appear in place of today's date, put that text in
the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Be sure to do this at the top of the document.
You can use footnotes to insert
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Headings
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:parenvheadings}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are nine paragraph environments for producing section headings.
LyX takes care of the numbering for you.
All you need to do is decide what you're going to call section 3 of chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Numbered Headings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are 6 numbered types of section headings.
\begin_inset Note Note
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
Why no mention of Part ?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Subsubsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Paragraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Subparagraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX labels each heading with a series of numbers, separated by periods.
The numbers describe where in the document you are.
These headings all subdivide your document into different pieces of text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Either
\family sans
Chapter
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Chapter
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Section
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Subsection
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Subsubsection
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Paragraph
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Note:
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
So, if you use the
\family sans
Subsubsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Unnumbered Headings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are 3 types of unnumbered section headings.
They are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Section*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Subsection*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Subsubsection*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Changing the Numbering
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:section-depth}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also alter which sectioning levels get numbered and which ones appear
in the Table of Contents.
Now, this doesn't remove any of the levels; that's preset in the document
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Open the
\family sans
\bar under
here's a table of values and what they do:
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
add
\series medium
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
add
\series medium
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
add
\series medium
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series medium
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
add
\series medium
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
The increasing numbers are cumulative: a setting of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's another counter in the dialog, called
\family sans
Table\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Special Information
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The following information applies to
\family sans
Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You cannot use a margin note in any of these environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You can only use inlined math in these environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-You cannot do any nesting with these environments.
+You cannot nest other environments into these environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You can use labels and cross-references to refer to their numbers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As for examples of these paragraph environments - look around you! We're
using them everywhere in the manuals.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Creating an Appendix
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To create an appendix, simply start by adding a new chapter or section heading.
Move the cursor back to the beginning of the heading and select
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Quotes and Poetry
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX has three paragraph environments for writing poetry and quotations.
They are
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There is another feature of these three paragraph environments: they do
\emph on
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Quote
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now that we've described the similarities of these three environments, it's
time for the differences.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's an example of the
\family sans
Quote
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
-
This is in the
\family sans
Quote
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quote
-
Here's the second paragraph of this quote.
Again, there's no indentation, but there is extra space between me and
the other paragraph.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
That ends that example.
Here's another example, this time in the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
This is in the
\family sans
Quotation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
Here's a new paragraph.
I could ramble on and on, like a politician at election time.
If I did that, though, you'd get bored.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
That was our other example.
As the example notes,
\family sans
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Verse
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:verse}
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
Verse
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
-
This is in Verse
\newline
Which I did not rehearse!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
-
It could be much worse.
This line could be long, very long, oh so long, so very long that it wraps
around.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
-
To break a line
\newline
And make things look fine
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you can see,
\family sans
Verse
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Lists
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:parenvlists}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX has four different paragraph environments for creating different kinds
of lists.
In the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
General Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The four paragraph environments for lists differ from the other environments
in several ways.
First, LyX treats each paragraph as a list item.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can nest lists of any type inside one another.
In fact, LyX changes the labels on some list items depending on how its
nested.
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Itemize
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The first type of list we'll describe in detail is the
\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Each item has a particular bullet or symbol as its label.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
LyX uses the same symbol for all of the items in a given nesting level.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The symbol appears at the beginning of the first line.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The items can be any length.
LyX automatically offsets the left margin of each item.
The offset is always relative to whatever environment the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
If you nest an
\family sans
Itemize
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
There are four different symbols for up to a four-fold nesting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
LyX always shows the same symbol, an asterisk, on screen.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
See section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:nest}
for a full explanation of nesting.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Of course, that explanation was also an example of an
\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We said that different levels use different symbols as their label.
Here's an example of all four possible symbols.
Note that those of you reading this manual online won't see any difference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The label for the first level
\family sans
Itemize
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The label for the second level is a dash.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The label for the third is an asterisk.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The label for the fourth is a centered dot.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Back out to the third level.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Back to the second level.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Back to the outermost level.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
These are the default labels for an
\family sans
Itemize
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
linebreak
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Notice how the space between items decreases with increasing depth.
We'll explain nesting and all the tricks you can do with different depths
in section
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Enumerate
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Each item has a numeral as its label.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The type of numeral depends on the nesting depth.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
LyX automatically counts the items for you and updates the label as appropriate.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Each new
\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Like the
\family sans
Itemize
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Offsets the items relative to the left margin.
Items can be any length.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Reduces the space between items as the nesting depth increases.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Uses different types of labels depending on the nesting depth.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Allows up to a four-fold nesting.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unlike the
\family sans
Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The first level of an
\family sans
Enumerate
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The second level uses lower case letters surrounded by parentheses.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The third level uses lower-case Roman numerals followed by a period.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The fourth level uses capital letters followed by a period.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Again, notice the decrease in the spacing between items as the nesting depth
increases.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back to the third level
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back to the second level.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back to the outermost level.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once again, you can customize the type of numbering used in the
\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There is more to nesting
\family sans
Enumerate
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Description
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unlike the previous two environments, the
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Example: This is an example of the
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX typesets the label in boldface and puts extra space between it and the
rest of the line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now, you're probably wondering what we mean by,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
However, what if you want or need to use more than one word in the label
of a
\family sans
\family default
or
\family sans
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+P
\bar under
-B
+r
\bar default
-lank
+otected\InsetSpace ~
+Space
\family default
from the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Second\InsetSpace ~
Example: This one shows how to use a
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Usage: You should use the
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Nesting: You can, of course, nest
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Notice that after the first line, LyX indents subsequent lines, offsetting
them from the first line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
The LyX
\family sans
List
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
List
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now, if you jumped here without reading sections
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:itemize}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Like the
\family sans
Description
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
item\InsetSpace ~
labels LyX uses the first
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
margins As you can see, LyX uses different margins for the item label and
the body of the item text.
The body of the text has a larger left margin, which is equal to the default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
label\InsetSpace ~
width LyX uses one of two things for the label width: the actual width
of the label, or the default width, whichever is larger.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
default\InsetSpace ~
width You can very easily set this default width.
It's quite painless, actually.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
uses You should use the
\family sans
List
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
nesting You can nest
\family sans
List
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you can see, this is a feature-packed paragraph environment!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To change the default width of the label, select the items in the list to
change.
You can also simply move the cursor into a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's yet another feature of the
\family sans
List
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
-
Left The default for
\family sans
List
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
-
\hfill
Right One
\family sans
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMMM
-
\hfill
Center
\hfill
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Don't worry if you have no idea what
\family sans
HFill
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
That does it for the four paragraph environments for making lists.
Oh - did we mention that you should read about nesting environments in
section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Letters
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Address
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Although LyX has document classes for letters, we've also created two paragraph
environments called
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Of course, you're not limited to using
\family sans
Address
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Usage
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:adress_usage}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Address
\end_layout
\begin_layout Right Address
-
Right Address
\newline
WhoAmI
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
That was
\family sans
Right\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Address
-
WhoAreYou
\newline
Where do I send this
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you can see, both
\family sans
Address
\family default
or
\family sans
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\bar under
L
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Academic Writing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Most academic writing begins with an abstract and ends with a bibliography
or list of references.
LyX contains paragraph environments for both of these.
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Abstract
should
\emph default
only use it at the beginning of the document, after the title.
- Also, don't bother trying to nest
-\family sans
-Abstract
-\family default
- in anything else or vice versa.
- It won't work.
The
\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Abstract
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Starting a new paragraph by hitting
\family sans
Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We'd love to give you an example of the
\family sans
Abstract
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Bibliography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
When you first open a
\family sans
Bibliography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
At the
\emph on
beginning
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
key
\bar under
C
\bar default
-itation\InsetSpace ~
-Reference
+itation
\family default
command.
Just choose the key inside in the available keys list, then add a reference
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The more advanced LaTeX bibliography package BibTeX is also supported by
LyX.
For a description of how to use it, please refer to the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Special Purpose
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are three standard paragraph environments that simply don't fit any
category, as they are very specialized for a particular purpose.
We'll point out the highlights and uses of each.
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
\family sans
Caption
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Caption
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can't really nest things into a
\family sans
Caption
\family default
- environment or vice versa.
+ environment.
Additionally, hitting
\family sans
Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You cannot use a
\family sans
Caption
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
LyX
\family sans
-Code
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
LyX-Code
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
In the
\family sans
LyX-Code
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are a few quirks with this environment:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You cannot use
\family sans
C-Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You can't follow a
\family sans
C-Return
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Use a
\family sans
Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Or: use
\family sans
C-Space
\family default
instead.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You can't have an empty paragraph or an empty line.
You must put at least one
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You cannot get the typewriter double quotes by typing
\family sans
"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's an example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
#include <stdio.h>
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
int main(void)
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
{
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
printf("Hello World
\backslash
n");
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
return 0;
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This is just the standard
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
LyX-Code
\family default
text as if you used a typewriter.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-Comment
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-The comment paragraph environment can be used to write comments about your
- document that will not appear in the final output.
- In order to make this clear, LyX will present the comment environment in
- a different color than the rest of the text.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
-
Nesting Environments
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:nest}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
The Big Deal
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Throughout the previous sections, we've been nagging you to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The big deal is that LyX differs rather strongly from the traditional
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's a more specific example: outlines.
You have three main points in your outline, but point #2 also has two subpoints.
In other words, you have a list
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
one
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
two
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
sublist - item #1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
sublist - item #2
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
three
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
How do you put a list inside of a list? By now, the answer should be obvious:
you nest one list inside the other.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
How to nest an environment is quite simple.
Select
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also use the convenient key bindings
\family sans
S-M-Left
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
M-p\InsetSpace ~
Left
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that LyX only changes the nesting depth if it can.
If it's invalid to do so, nothing happens if you try to change the depth.
Additionally, if you change the depth of one paragraph, it affects the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Nesting isn't just limited to lists.
In LyX, you can nest just about anything inside anything else, as you're
about to find out.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
What You Can and Can't Nest
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Before we fire a list of paragraph environments at you, we need to tell
you a little bit more about how nesting works.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The question of nesting is a bit more complicated than a simple yes or no,
can you or can't you.
There's also the question of how.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The paragraph environments in LyX can do one of three things when it comes
to nesting.
First, an environment may be completely unnestable.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's a list of the three types of nesting behavior, and which paragraph
environments have them:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
For some odd reason, LyX allows you to fully nest both
\family sans
Bibliography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Unnestable Can't nest them.
Can't nest into them.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Part
+Bibliography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Chapter
+Title
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Section
-\family default
-
+Author
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Subsection
+Date
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Fully\InsetSpace ~
+Nestable You can nest them.
+ You can nest other things into them.
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Subsubsection
+Abstract
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Paragraph
-\family default
-
+Verse
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Subparagraph
+Quote
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Part*
+Quotation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Chapter*
+Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Section*
+Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Subsection*
+Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Subsubsection*
+List
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Bibliography
+LyX-Code
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
+ You can't nest anything into them.
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-Abstract
+Part
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Title
+Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Author
+Section
+\family default
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Date
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-
-Fully\InsetSpace ~
-Nestable You can nest them.
- You can nest other things into them.
+Subsection
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Verse
+Subsubsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Quote
+Paragraph
+\family default
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Quotation
+Subparagraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Itemize
+Part*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Enumerate
+Chapter*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-Description
+Section*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-List
+Subsection*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
-LyX-Code
-\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-
-Nestable-Inside You can nest them inside of other things.
- You can't nest anything into them.
+Subsubsection*
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Right\InsetSpace ~
Address
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
Address
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Caption
-\family default
- environment doesn't really fit anywhere, since it's only used inside of
-
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Figure\InsetSpace ~
-Floats
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc.
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:table-and-fig-nesting}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are several things that aren't paragraph environments, but which are
affected by nesting anyhow.
They are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
equations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
tables
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
figures
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
[Note: if you put a figure or a table in a
\family sans
Float
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX can treat these three objects as either a word or as a paragraph.
Well, you can't inline a table, but you can inline math and figures.
If a figure or an equation is inlined, it goes wherever the paragraph it's
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
On the other hand, if you have an equation, figure or table in a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's an example with a table:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Item One
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (a) and it's nested.
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (b).
The table is actually nested inside (a).
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back out again.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If we hadn't nested the table at all, the list would look like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Item One
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (a) and it's nested.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (b).
The table is
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back out again.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Notice how item (b) is not only no longer nested, but is also the first
item of a new list!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's another trap you can fall into: nesting the table, but not going
deep enough.
LyX turns anything after the table into a new [sub]list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Item One
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (a) and it's nested.
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is (b).
The table is actually nested inside Item One, but
\emph on
\emph default
inside (a).
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Back out again.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you can see, item (b) turned into the first item of a new list, but a
new list
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Then there are the so-called
\family sans
Floats
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Usage and General Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Speaking of levels, LyX can perform up to a six-fold nesting.
In other words,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
level #1 - outermost
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
level #2
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
level #3
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
level #4
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
level #5
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
level #6
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once again, LyX has a maximum of 6 levels, regardless of which specific
paragraph environments you're using at a given level.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unfortunately, LyX doesn't enforce this limitation.
If you try to exceed it, however, LaTeX will return errors when you go
to produce output for your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are two exceptions to the six-fold nesting limit, and you can see
both of them in the example.
Unlike the other fully-nestable environments, you can only perform a four-fold
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once again, LyX doesn't enforce this limitation.
If you try to exceed it, however, LaTeX will return errors when you go
to produce output for your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Some Examples
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The best way to explain just what you can do with nesting is by illustration.
We have several examples of nested environments.
In them, we explain how we created the example, so that you can reproduce
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Example #1: The Six-fold Way and Mixed Nesting
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#1-a This is the outermost level.
It's a
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#2-a This is level #2.
We created it by using
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#3-a This is level #3.
This time, we just hit
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
This is actually a
\family sans
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here's another
\family sans
Standard
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#4-a This is level #4.
We hit
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#5-a This is level #5\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#6-a \SpecialChar \ldots{}
and this is level #6.
By now, you should know how we made these two.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#5-b Back to level #5.
Just hit
\family sans
\family default
.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#4-b After another
\family sans
M-Return
\family default
, we're back at level #4.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#3-b Back to level #3.
By now it should be obvious how we did this.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#2-b Back to level #2.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMM
-
#1-b And last, back to the outermost level, #1.
After this sentence, we'll hit
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There you have it! Oh --- we could have also used the
\family sans
Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Example #2: Inheritance
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
This is the LyX-Code environment, at level #1, the outermost
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-
level.
Now we'll hit
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is the
\family sans
Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Notice how the nested
\family sans
Enumerate
\family default
], but also inherits its font and spacing!
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
We ended this example by hitting
\family sans
Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Example #3: Labels, Levels, and the
\family sans
Enumerate
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Example #3: Labels, Levels and other list environments
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is level #1, in an
\family sans
Enumerate
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is level #2.
We used
\family sans
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
No! It's a bullet.
This is the
\emph on
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Here's level #4, produced using
\family sans
M-Return
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
to get to level #5.
This time, however, we also changed the paragraph environment back to
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
What happens if we
\emph on
don't
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Oh, as if you couldn't guess by now, we're just using
\family sans
M-Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Let's use
\family sans
M-p\InsetSpace ~
\family default
.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is level #4.
Look what type of label LyX is using!
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
This is level #3.
Even though we've changed levels, LyX is still using a lowercase Roman
numeral as the label.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Because, even though the nesting depth has changed, the paragraph is
\emph on
still
\emph default
reset the counter for the label.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Another
\family sans
M-Return
\family default
environment.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
The same thing happens if we do another
\family sans
M-Return
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Lastly, we reset the environment to
\family sans
Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Example #4: Going Bonkers
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
We're going to go totally nuts now.
We won't nest as deep as in the other examples, nor will we go into the
same detail with how we did it.
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[
\family sans
Return, M-p\InsetSpace ~
The environment name is, obviously, the name of the current environment.
Either before or after this, we'll put in the level.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
[
\family sans
Return, Enumerate
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Verse
-
Now we'll add verse.
\newline
It will get much worse.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
-
Fiddle dee, Fiddle doo.
\newline
Bippitey boppitey boo!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verse
-
Here comes a table for you:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
-
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace 0.3cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Verse
-
[
\family sans
M-Return, Table, M-p\InsetSpace ~
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
[
\family sans
Return, Enumerate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
We're now ending the
\family sans
Enumerate
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Right Address
-
1234 Nowhere Rd.
\newline
Moosegroin, MT 00100
\end_layout
\begin_layout Address
-
Dear Mr.\InsetSpace ~
Fizlewitz:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
We regret to inform you that we cannot fill your order for 50L of compressed
methane gas due to circumstances beyond our control.
Unfortunately, several of our cows have mysteriously exploded, creating
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
We do, however, now have a special on beef.
If you are interested, please return the enclosed pricing and order form
with your order, along with payment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
We thank you again for your patience.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Address
-
Sincerely,
\newline
Bill Hick
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Quotation
-
That ends that example!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you can see, nesting environments in LyX gives you a lot of power with
just a few keystrokes.
We could have easily nested an
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Fonts and Text Styles
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Right now, LyX allows you to specify a global default font, and has two
character styles,
\family sans
\family default
style corresponds to a font in smallcaps, which some languages and writing
styles use to typeset proper names.
- The LyX Team actually hopes to someday have a full set of character styles,
- and to also allow the user to customize which font changes correspond to
- what styles.
- At the moment, though, you'll have to be satisfied with what we've done
- already.
+ The LyX Team has at last (as of LyX version\InsetSpace ~
+1.4) introduced true character
+ styles, but currently these must be defined explicitly in the document
+ layout file.
+ There's currently no GUI support to define new, or tweak existing, character
+ styles to allow you, the user, to customize which font changes correspond
+ to what styles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Global Options
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can set the default font from the
\family sans
\bar under
ettings
\family default
dialog.
- There are two options of interest here,
+ The
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-onts
+Fonts
+\family default
+ tabfolder/pane offers you a variety of possibilities to set up and adjust
+ your document fonts.
+ The most important ones are those in the
+\family sans
+Font Families
\family default
and
\family sans
-Font\InsetSpace ~
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ize
+Font Sizes
\family default
-.
+ group.
The possible options under
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-onts
+Font Families
\family default
include
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\family sans
-default
+Default
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and a list of fonts available on your system.
- The option
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+ and a list of fonts available on your system, each for the
\family sans
-default
+\bar under
+R
+\bar default
+oman
\family default
+,
+\family sans
+\bar under
+S
+\bar default
+ans Serif
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+T
+\bar under
+y
+\bar default
+pewriter
+\family default
+ (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+a.
+ Monospaced) family of fonts.
+ The option
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- uses the standard TeX fonts, known as
+
+\family sans
+Default
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ uses the fonts that are specified by the document class you are using.
+ Often, these are the standard TeX fonts, known as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
(ec).
- Most systems will typically have some version of a Times and Helvetica
- font, with other variants.
- You'll have to examine this for yourself.
+ Depending on the document class, however, it might as well be another font.
+ Most fonts in the list should be installed on your system.
+ For others, you might have to get and install the fonts first (LyX indicates
+ if a font is not installed).
+ Please have a look at
+\family sans
+\bar under
+H
+\bar default
+elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\bar under
+L
+\bar default
+aTeX Configuration
+\family default
+about where to get the fonts.
+ Installing a new font for LaTeX is, unfortunately, not as easy as installing
+ a new font to common operation systems.
+ However, most font packages include a step-by-step instruction.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+In most cases, the default family of a document class is roman (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+a.
+ serif), so the roman font (e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+g.
+ Times) will be used all over, unless you select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Sans Serif
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ od
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Typewriter
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ from
+\family sans
+\bar under
+E
+\bar default
+dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text St
+\bar under
+y
+\bar default
+le
+\family default
+for specific selections of the text (see below section
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sub:Text-Style-Dialog}
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+
+\family sans
+
+\family default
+The
+\family sans
+Default\InsetSpace ~
+Family
+\family default
+ option lets you change this.
+ So if you want your document (including footnotes etc.), say, all over in
+ Helvetica, chose
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Helvetica
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as
+\family sans
+Sans Serif
+\family default
+ Font and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Sans Serif
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-As for the
+ as
+\family sans
+Default\InsetSpace ~
+Family
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
\family sans
Font\InsetSpace ~
\bar under
S
\bar default
-ize
+izes
\family default
- option, there are three possible values:
+ group, you can usually select from four possible
\family sans
-10
+Base\InsetSpace ~
+Size
+\family default
+ values:
+\family sans
+default, 10
\family default
,
\family sans
\family sans
12
\family default
-.
+ (some document classes provide more, some less choices).
Remember, this is the
\emph on
base
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Some Sans Serif and Typewriter Fonts provide the possibility to be scaled.
+ This might be useful, if a Sans Serif or Typewriter Font has a different
+ height than the Roman Font.
+ Please be careful with this option, it can be easily misused.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+Advanced Options
+\family default
+ group box, you'll finally find possibilities for using so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+expert settings
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, given that they are provided by a certain font.
+
+\family sans
+Use true S
+\bar under
+m
+\bar default
+all Caps
+\family default
+ indicates that lots of fonts do not use real, but
+\emph on
+faked
+\emph default
+ Small Caps.
+ True Small Caps are specifically designed characters, whereas faked Small
+ Caps are just scaled Capital letters.
+ The former looks way better, so if a font offers you the choice, you should
+ check this option.
+
+\family sans
+Use
+\bar under
+O
+\bar default
+ld Style Figures
+\family default
+ finally lets you select so called Old Style Figures (a.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+k.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+a.
+ Medieval Figures, i.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+e.
+ figures with ascending or descending form) instead of the standard Lining
+ Figures.
+ Old Style Figures are often preferred due to better legibility in the text,
+ but it's certainly also a matter of taste.
+ Just try it out, if it is provided for your font of choice.
+ Note that math figures are
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ affected by this choice.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Please note that even if LyX tries its best in guessing what fonts are installed
+ and which options are provided by a given font, it might fail if the fonts
+ are not set up correctly.
+\end_layout
-Note that once you choose a new value for
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note further that once you choose a new value for
\family sans
\bar under
F
change the screen.
You'll only see a difference once you generate the final output.
This is part of the WYSIWYM concept.
- Besides, you have certainly noticed that "Roman" text on the LyX screen
- corresponds to the default font.
+ The only visible change is caused by a change of the default font family.
+ However, you certainly noticed that, for instance, the roman font on screen
+ is just a representation of
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Roman
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (as set up in the
+\family sans
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\bar under
+P
+\bar default
+references
+\family default
+ dialog), not of the actual roman document font.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Using Different Character Styles
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As we've already seen, LyX automatically changes the character style for
certain paragraph environments.
We also mentioned two other character styles,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To activate the
\family sans
Noun
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
click on the toolbar button with the person-shaped icon
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
use the keybinding
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
These commands are all toggles.
That is, if
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
One typically uses the
\family sans
Noun
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A more widely used character style is the
\family sans
Emphasized
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
clicking on the toolbar button with the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
using the keybindings
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
At the moment, the
\family sans
Emphasized
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We've been using the
\family sans
Emphasized
\begin_layout Quotation
-
\emph on
Don't overuse character styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It's also a warning in addition to an example.
One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Oh --- one last note: You can always reset to the default font using the
keybinding
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Fine-Tuning with the
\family sans
Character Layout
\family default
dialog
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sub:Text-Style-Dialog}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are always occasions when you'll need to do some fine-tuning, so LyX
gives you a way to create custom character style.
For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note from
\noun on
John Weiss
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles.
Many modern word processors have a vast array of fonts available to them,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Enough complaining.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To use custom fonts, open the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The seven font properties, and their options [in addition to
\family sans
No\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
F
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Roman
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
It's also the default family.
[keybinding =
\family sans
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Sans\InsetSpace ~
Serif
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Typewriter
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
S
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Medium
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
It's also the default series.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Bold
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can toggle this series on or off with the keybinding
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\family default
.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
S
\bar under
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Upright
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
It's also the default shape.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Italic
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Slanted
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Small\InsetSpace ~
Caps
\noun on
.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
Si
\bar under
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
The options [and their keybindings] are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Tiny
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Smallest
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
2]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Smaller
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
3]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Small
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
4]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Normal
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
It's also the default size.
[keybinding =
\family sans
\family default
5]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Large
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
6]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Larger
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
7]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Largest
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
8]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Huge
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
9]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Huger
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-s\InsetSpace ~
\family default
0]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
We'll warn you
\emph on
yet again
\emph on
only!
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
M
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Emph
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
This might seem like the same as
\shape italic
Italic
\emph default
property.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Underbar
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
[keybinding =
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\family default
]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMM
-
\family sans
Noun
\family default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Like
\family sans
Emph
\family default
, but that is bound to change some day.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Avoid using underbar if you can! It's a holdover from the typewriter days,
when you couldn't change fonts.
We no longer need to resort to emphasizing text by overstriking it with
fact we use it in these manuals to indicate keyboard shortcuts for menu
items).
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Color
\family default
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once you've chosen a new character style via the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As we stated earlier, to completely reset the character style to the default,
use
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We conclude with the same warning we've been spewing: Don't overuse the
fonts.
They are, more often than not, a kludge and a horrible substitute for good
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Printing and Previewing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Overview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now that we've covered some of the basic features of document preparation
using LyX, you probably want to know how to print out your masterpiece.
Before we tell you that, however, we want to give you a quickie explanation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX uses a program called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
First, LyX converts your document to a series of text commands for LaTeX,
generating a file with the extension,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Next, LaTeX uses the commands in the
\family typewriter
.tex
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
-
NOTE: The DVI file only contains what was in the LaTeX file itself.
If you have included PostScript pictures in your document, there will only
be a link to these files.
\family default
file to another computer.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Consider the
\family typewriter
.dvi
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
You can view
\family typewriter
.dvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Some printers and Unix systems understand DVI, and can print your
\family typewriter
.dvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Nowadays, most printers understand the PostScript format.
LyX automatically converts the
\family typewriter
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
One advantage of using PostScript® is that the converter program [called
\family typewriter
That makes the PostScript version much, much more portable than the DVI
version.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX does all of these steps automagically for you.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As you have seen, a lot of things happen before you get a hardcopy or a
preview of your document.
So, don't worry if printing requires a bit more time than with other word
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Quick Viewing with xdvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To get a look at the final version of your document, with all of the pagebreaks
in place, the footnotes correctly numbered, and so on, select
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
When all of the behind-the-scenes action is done, LyX calls the program
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Helpful-Tip: Keep the
\family typewriter
xdvi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Viewing the PostScript Version with ghostview
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In general, using
\family typewriter
xdvi
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note from
\noun on
John Weiss
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To view the PostScript version of your document, select
\family sans
Pos
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You've guessed what the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Printing the File
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To print a file, select
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can choose to only print even-numbered or odd-numbered pages - this
is useful for printing on two sides: you can re-insert the pages after
printing one set of pages, to print on the other side.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can set the parameters in the
\family sans
Destination
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
P
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that this printer name isn't for the
\family typewriter
lpr
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMM
-
\family sans
\bar under
F
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that printing may need little time, since LaTeX,
\family typewriter
dvips
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
A Few Words about Typography
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Hyphens and Hyphenation
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:hyphens}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In LyX, the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
character comes in three lengths, often called the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
hyphen
\hfill
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
en dash
\hfill
--
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
em dash
\hfill
---
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
/
\end_layout
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
minus sign
\hfill
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in math mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You generate these by using the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
character multiple times in a row.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The three types of dash are distinct from the minus sign, which appears
in math mode and has a length of its own.
Here are some examples of the
-
\family default
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in use:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
line- and page-breaks
\hfill
(
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
From A--Z
\hfill
(
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Oh --- there's a dash.
\hfill
(
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Those of you reading this from within LyX will see no difference, though
there is one in the printed version.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
One more note about hyphenation --- LyX automatically breaks up words and
inserts hyphens in English text.
The words won't be hyphenated until you generate the final output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Actually, it's LaTeX that does this, and it will also hyphenate words in
\emph on
\begin_layout Quote
-
\family typewriter
Babel <v3.7h> and hyphenation patterns for american, french, german, ngerman,
nohyphenation, loaded.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This tells you that, e.g., if you write in Finnish, you're out of luck.
Study (for the teTeX distribution of LaTeX) the utilities
\family typewriter
\family typewriter
fmtutil
\family default
- in order to switch hyphenation on for your language by ''uncommenting''
+ in order to switch hyphenation on for your language by
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+uncommenting
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
the relevant line in a file typically named
\family typewriter
language.dat
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If, for whatever reason, LaTeX
\emph on
still
\family default
under
\family sans
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character
+rmatting
\family default
in the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Punctuation Marks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Abbreviations and End of Sentence
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:abbrev}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
When LyX calls LaTeX to generate the final version of your document, LaTeX
automatically distinguishes between words, sentences, and abbreviations.
LaTeX then adds the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unfortunately, the algorithm for figuring out what's an abbreviation and
what's the end of a sentence is really quite brain-dead.
If a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Here are some examples of
\emph on
correct
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
M.
Butterfly
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Don't worry.
Be happy.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
and here's an example of the algorithm going wrong:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
e.
g.
this is too much space!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
This is I.
It's okay.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You won't see anything wrong until you view a final version of your document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To fix this problem, use one of the following:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
+Use an
+\family sans
+Inter-word\InsetSpace ~
+Space
+\family default
+ after lowercase abbreviations (see section\InsetSpace ~
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:normblank-lbreak-horline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
Use a
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
-
-\bar under
-B
-\bar default
-lank
+Thin\InsetSpace ~
+Space
\family default
- after lowercase abbreviations (see section
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:protblank-lbreak-horline}
+ between two tokens of an abbreviation (see section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:thinblank-lbreak-horline}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Use an
\family sans
End\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
With the corrections, our earlier examples look like this:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-e.\InsetSpace ~
-g.\InsetSpace ~
+e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+g.\InsetSpace \space{}
this is too much space!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
This is I\SpecialChar \@.
It's okay.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some languages don't use extra spacing between sentences.
If your language is such a language, you don't need to worry about all
of this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Quotes
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:quotes}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX usually sets quotes correctly.
Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
and use a closing quote at the end.
\begin_layout Standard
-You can change the behavior of the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key using the
-\family sans
-Quotes
-\family default
- dialog.
- Choose
-\family sans
-\bar under
-Q
-\bar default
-uotes
-\family default
- in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog.
- Selecting the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ouble
-\family default
- button makes the
+\series bold
+New in version 1.4:
+\series default
+To get single quotation marks, you have to press
\family sans
-"
+C-"
\family default
- key produce the sequence:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
.
- The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ingle
-\family default
- button, in contrast, makes the
-\family sans
-"
-\family default
- key produce:
+ This produces quotation marks like this:
\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also select quotes for different languages via the
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMM
-
\family sans
-
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Again, this affects what character the
\family sans
"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
On the other hand, if you want to produce a bona-fide quote character, type
\family sans
-C-"
+M-"
\family default
.
This produces:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Ligatures
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:ligatures}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
print them as single characters.
These groups are known as
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
ff
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
fi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
fl
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
ffi
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
ffl
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once in a while, though, you don't want a ligature in a word.
While a ligature may be okay in the word,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character
+rmatting
\family default
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Widows and Orphans
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:widows}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
happened to end.
There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Clearly, LyX can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There's no way we can go into how TeX and LaTeX decide to break a page,
or how you can tweak that behavior.
Some LaTeX books listed in the bibliography [such as\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
Floats: Tables, Figures, Footnotes and Margin Notes
\begin_inset OptArg
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Tables, Figures, and Notes
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Footnotes
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unlike other typesetting programs, LyX uses
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\bar no
nsert
\series default
-\bar under
+\bar default
\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\series medium
+\bar under
F
\bar no
ootnote,
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
To close this footnote, click on the red box at the top left.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
What LyX cannot do, yet, is take care of special needs like setting the
footnote numbering back to 1 after each section in the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
NOTE: A float in LaTeX and LyX isn't a simple paragraph as with usual word
processors.
It is a complex text structure that may contain everything except floats.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Margin Notes
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Margin notes look and behave just like footnotes in LyX.
When you insert a margin note via
\family sans
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
This is a margin note.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
As a default, LyX uses 1.9 cm (0.75 inches) as the margin width to allow room
for margin notes.
This might not be what you're looking for, but as with footnotes, LyX cannot
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Figures and Imported Graphics
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:figures}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
No document preparation system is complete without the ability to import
graphics from other utilities into the document.
In LyX, these are referred to as ``figures'' whether they are actually
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that figures referred to here are do not have captions and sit wherever
in the document you place them.
If you need one of these features, see sec.\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To place a figure in your document, click on the second right-most icon
on the toolbar, or select
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-A graphics inset will be added to your document and a dialog will appear
- for you to choose the file to load.
+A dialog will appear for you to choose the file to load.
You can also change any settings you need to in this dialog.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
\begin_inset Graphics
filename mobius.eps
display color
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This dialog has numerous parameters, though most should be self-explanatory.
The
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
How it works
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX has the ability to handle literally any graphics format in the known
universe so long as a conversion path from this graphics format to the
target output format can be created.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Float table
placement t
wide false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Caption
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cap:Units-for-image}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
unit
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
name/description
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
mm
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
millimetre
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
cm
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
centimetre
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
in
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
inch
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
pt
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
point (72.27 pt = 1 in)
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
pc
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
pica (1 pc = 12 pt)
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
sp
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
scaled point (65536 sp = 1 pt)
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
bp
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
big point (72 bp = 1 in)
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
dd
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
didot (72 dd
\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
cc
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
cicero (1cc = 12 dd)
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
Scale%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of original image width
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
text%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of text width
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
col%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of column width
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
page%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of paper width
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
line%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of line width
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
theight%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of text height
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
pheight%
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
% of paper height
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
ex
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
height of letter
\emph on
x
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
em
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
width of letter
\emph on
M
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
mu
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
math unit (1 mu = 1/18 em)
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To view the figure on the LyX screen, however, some additional work is required
because neither the XForms nor the Qt GUI libraries can load PostScript®
figures themselves.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It does this using the powerful, configurable converters mechanism exposed
in the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This strategy is used both to generate on-screen views of your image and
when generating the final document.
In the latter case, the LaTeX compiler must be supplied with graphics files
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Figure Floats
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Using Figure Floats
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:figurefloats}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The problem with inserting figures straight into your text is that they
might make the pagination of your document extremely awkward.
To suit the LyX mentality of automating such processes, you might find
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To place a
\family sans
Figure\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Float figure
placement htbp
wide false
status open
\begin_layout Caption
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{fig:escher}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
\begin_inset Graphics
filename escher-lsd.eps
display color
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Float figure
placement htbp
wide false
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
\begin_inset Graphics
filename platypus.eps
display color
\end_layout
\begin_layout Caption
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{fig:kill-plat}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It seems simple, but there is subtlety involved in the placement of the
caption.
If you prefer your caption to appear below the figure, then you must press
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Right-clicking on a float opens a dialog where you can alter the placement
options that LaTeX uses for positioning the float (see
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:float-locn}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This figure also shows how we place a label and create a cross-reference
to it; as you would expect from reading section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:crossref}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that the caption is used in a
\family sans
List\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Float Placement
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:float-locn}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now, the whole idea behind
\family sans
Figure\InsetSpace ~
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
h
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
t
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
b
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
p
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The letters correspond to the following behaviour:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Here: LyX tries to put the
\family sans
Float
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
If there isn't enough room, LyX tries one of the other three location types.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
-
Top: LyX tries to put the
\family sans
Float
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Bottom: LyX tries to put the
\family sans
Float
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
Page: LyX tries to put the
\family sans
Float
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There is some subtlety to how this all works.
The order specifies what location LyX should try first.
If that one fails, it tries the next one, and so on, though
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
hbp
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Try putting the figure/table at its actual position in the text.
If that doesn't work, put it on the bottom of the page.
If that fails, put it on a separate page.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
!hbp
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Try really hard to put the figure/table at its actual position in the text.
Then the bottom of the page, then on a separate page.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
tp
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Put the figure/table at the top of each page.
If it's too long, put it on a separate page.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
p
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Always put figures and tables on their own page.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsection
-
XFig and LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
One obvious question is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Export the figure as Encapsulated PostScript.
This could be very easy included into LyX as described in the previous
sections.
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
The only disadvantage is that you cannot create formulas as PostScript text
except by hand.
If you also need formulas or simple exponents or indices in your figure,
the next way is recommended.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Export the figure as LaTeX.
This is just as easy to include into LyX, with the advantage that you may
use all LaTeX commands within the text inside XFig.
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
The disadvantage of this way is that the graphical power of LaTeX isn't
as strong as PostScript®\SpecialChar \@.
You cannot use all thicknesses of lines and, more
annoyingly, not all slopes.
This is why we recommend the third way for more complex figures.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Export the figure as LaTeX/PostScript combined.
Then
\family typewriter
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
the PostScript part
\family typewriter
foo.pstex
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
the LaTeX part
\family typewriter
foo.pstex_t
\family default
, that contains all text and a link to the PostScript part.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
Then you just have to include the LaTeX part as described above.
This will automatically include the PostScript part, too.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you get an error like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
in the file
\family typewriter
/usr/lib/texmf/tex/latex/graphics/dvips.def
\begin_layout Standard
-
\backslash
def
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This should fix the whole thing.
Alternatively you may export the postscript part as
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Tables
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:tables}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX has powerful table support, but LaTeX can do many more things with tables
than LyX is currently capable of, so you might want to look at a good LaTeX
book if the features described here should turn out to be inadequate.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can insert a table using either the table toolbar button or
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="4">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
The Table dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can alter a table by clicking on it with the right mouse button, which
brings up a settings dialog.
Among these options are:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Adding/removing border lines from a row or column.
If you remove the top line from one of the rows, you'll get a dotted line
in LyX, but no line will appear in the printout.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Text alignment in a column
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Appending rows and columns
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Deleting rows, columns, or the entire table
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Multicolumn
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Setting a fixed width for a column
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Longtable options - this is useful if your table is higher than the paper.
Then the table is split on the bottom of the page and continued on the
next one, instead of running of the end of the page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Rotate the whole table or a single cell sideways, by 90 degrees
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also use the menu to perform these operations.
Try
\family sans
\family sans
\bar default
able
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+\bar under
+E
+\bar default
+dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows&
+\bar under
+C
+\bar default
+ols
\family default
when the cursor is inside a table.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Most of these options also work on selections.
This means that if you select more cells, columns or rows the action is
done on all of your selection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
When you append a row, it is added
\emph on
below
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The multicolumn option merges two or more adjacent cells on a given row.
For example, in the above table, row
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also use
\family sans
Multicolumn
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series bold
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\shape up
\size normal
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You see here that the header line cells are aligned to the center, whereas
the left column is aligned to the left, and the other columns are aligned
to the right.
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
I can make nothing of this explanation.
An improvement would be nice :) - jbl
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you want your column to have a fixed width, then you can insert a width
in the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If your table becomes too large to fit on a portrait document layout, you
can select the
\family sans
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Note:
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="12">
<features>
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
What can be placed inside a table cell?
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Many objects can be placed inside a table cell.
Any single line of text, an equation (not a displayed or multilined equation,
though), or a figure can be in a cell; in fact, all three kinds of objects
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Cut & Paste in Tables
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Cutting and pasting between tables works reasonably well.
You can cut and paste even more than one row.
Selection with the mouse or with
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that you can also copy and paste the entire table as a single unit
by starting the selection from outside the table.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Multiple lines in cells
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is possible to have multi-line entries in tables, but not in a completely
WYSIWYM manner.
Define a fixed length for the column in the
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Text within a cell will not normally wrap to fit the page, so if a line
of text in a table is too long, the table will extend beyond the right
margin of the page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Split it into two tables.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Select the
\family sans
Longtable
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
First\InsetSpace ~
header
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Header
\family default
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Footer
\family default
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
\family sans
Last\InsetSpace ~
footer
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you set more than one option in the same table row, you should be aware
of the fact that only the first flag is used in the given table rows.
The others will then be defined as
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The check box in the long table options can be used to specify specific
rows to break the page on as well.
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
A table can also be placed in a float, as described below, which will allow
TeX to place it as well as it can within the page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Table Floats
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:table float}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Outside of a float, the table will be positioned exactly where it is placed
in the document.
Using a
status collapsed
\begin_layout Caption
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{table:a table float}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\int x^{2}dx$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\left[\begin{array}{cc}
a & b\\
c & d\end{array}\right]$
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $1+1=2$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Table of Contents and other Listings
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:toc}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
One of the really nice features of LaTeX is the ease with which it lets
you create various
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
The Table of Contents
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In order to get a Table of Contents, you need to do four things:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Use a document class that includes support (all but
\family typewriter
letter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Set paragraph environments appropriately:
\family sans
Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Make sure you set the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
Insert the ToC command at some place in the document.
You'll find it under
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also bring up a dialog for navigating through your document with
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
List of Figures, Tables and Algorithms
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:ListsOf}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Table, figure, and algorithm lists are very much like the table of contents.
You can insert them from the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
Mathematical Formulae
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Basic Math Editing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To create a math formula, you can just click on the toolbar icon with
\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you simply need to type a single Greek letter, such as
\begin_inset Formula $\alpha$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Editing the parameters of a formula may be done from the
\family sans
\bar under
l
\family default
\bar default
- dialog, or via
+ dialog, by
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
\family default
-.
+, or by clicking the right mouse button on the formula.
The math panel is very useful, so you may want to open it and leave it
somewhere on the screen.
If you're not already in a formula, selecting anything from the math panel
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Navigating a Formula
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The best control over cursor position within an existing formula is achieved
with the arrow keys.
Mathed uses small squares to indicate places where something can be inserted.
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
Space
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can leave many parts of a formula, like this matrix, partially filled
in, such as:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Selecting Text
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can select text within a formula in two different ways.
Place the cursor at one end of the string of text you want, and press
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Exponents and Subscripts
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can use the math panel to add superscripts or subscripts, but the much
easier way is to use the standard TeX method.
To get
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Fractions
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Create a fraction with either
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Sums and Integrals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Sum (
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
We haven't yet explained what display vs.
inline means...
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Certain other mathematical expressions have this
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
The Math Panel
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:math-panel}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Math\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that right-clicking on a formula opens the panel as well.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Other Math Symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Most math symbols can be found in the math panel under one of several categories
; including
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is possible to get an nth root symbol.
In the minibuffer, type
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Altering spacing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You may want to create blank spaces that differs from the standard spacing
that LaTeX provides.
We don't recommend this as a matter of course, since the whole idea of
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Math functions
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:math-functions}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The math panel contains a number of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Accents
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In a formula you can insert accented characters in the same way as in text
mode.
This may depend on your keyboard, or the bindings file you use.
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="3">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\hat{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\grave{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\acute{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\dot{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\breve{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\check{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\bar{a}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\vec{a}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Finally, you can choose one of these accents by selecting an item from the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
The math editor for LaTeX users
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Editing mathematical expressions in LyX can be done in one of two ways.
You can use the native LyX support for rendering the formulae in a WYSIWYM
fashion.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Quotation
-
I was finally convinced that the math editor was the way to go when I found
that, with a few modifications, I could use it the same way I was accustomed
to writing TeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
M-c\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You have immediate visual feedback to be sure your TeX was correct
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You have the real mathematical expression on the screen, correctly displayed,
to make sure your mathematics is correct (correctly written, at least)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
All the new LaTeX fuss with special environments and such are taken care
of by LyX, not you
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
You won't have to chase through the code trying to find that missing
\family sans
$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
If you don't remember the LaTeX name of a particular symbol, like
\begin_inset Formula $\wp$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Brackets and decorations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are several brackets available through LyX.
For most purposes, using just the keys
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is very easy to construct the braces you want to use.
Click on the brace you want on the left side with the left mouse button,
the right side with the right button, and place them in the document by
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you decide after the fact to place parentheses (or other math structure,
like a square root, or other decoration) around some math structure, you
can do that by highlighting (selecting) the structure that is to go inside
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you're trying to enter a LaTeX
\family typewriter
{
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Grouping
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:Grouping}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You may need to group a set of symbols.
In LaTeX, for example, the typesetting of
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula \[
{x^{y}}^{z}\quad\mathrm{differs\; from}\quad x^{{y^{z}}}\]
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
However, trying to type the
\family typewriter
}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Arrays and Multi-line Equations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Arrays, such as matrices, are easily entered in LyX.
In the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can add more rows to an existing matrix by hitting
\family sans
C-Enter
\bar default
ath
\family default
- menu.
+ and
+\family sans
+\bar under
+E
+\bar default
+dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows&
+\bar under
+C
+\bar default
+ols
+\family default
+ menus.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are numerous other arrays used in LaTeX math-mode, particularly with
the AMS-LaTeX packages included, such as
\family typewriter
cases
\family default
and commutative diagrams.
- Not all of these are supported in LyX.
- However, it is possible to build these structures from a matrix.
+ Not all of these are supported in LyX but some are, see
+\family sans
+\bar under
+I
+\bar default
+nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Mat
+\bar under
+h
+\family default
+\bar default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Multi-line equations are very easy to construct in LyX.
A formula will automatically switch to an
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Equation Numbering and Labels
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:math-label}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Equation numbering is very easy in LyX.
All it takes to change a displayed equation like:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
1+1=2.\end{equation}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
For numbered (or labelled) multi-line formulas, the default is that all
lines are numbered separately.
Once you attach a label to make the equation numbered, all subsequent lines
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
User defined macros in math mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX allows the user to define macros for use in math mode.
A macro definition box appears on screen as purple box with the name of
the macro in blue (math color).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Now, to use this macro in other math boxes just type the name in TeX mode,
in this case
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
However the cursor could go inside of some kind of macros, those that have
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once expanded, this macro includes the usual empty rectangle to indicate
that you can insert there whatever you want:
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
When exported to LaTeX, a macro definition will produce the command
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
How to create macros
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To create a macro definition box use this syntax in the minibuffer:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Macro names mustn't contain numbers!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
math-macro <macro name> [number of arguments]
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
For example,
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To insert an argument mark (only inside a macro definition box) simply type
\newline
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The argument mark in
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can use no more than 9 arguments, numbered from 1 to 9.
An argument can be repeated inside the macro definition box, but of course
can be edited only once.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
How to navigate in macros
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
With\InsetSpace ~
the\InsetSpace ~
arrow\InsetSpace ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
With\InsetSpace ~
the\InsetSpace ~
mouse: As usual, click on the desired argument box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Currently it is only possible to define command macros, but not environment
macros.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Fine-Tuning
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Typefaces
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can use various typefaces in a formula.
The standard font for text is italic,
\begin_inset Formula $text$
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
Font
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
LaTeX Command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\shape up
\size normal
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{Roman}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{\mathbf{Bold}}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{Italic}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
-
\shape up
\size normal
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{Typewriter}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{BLACKBOARD}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
-
\shape up
\size normal
\emph on
\bar no
\noun off
\color none
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
\backslash
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{SansSerif}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-
\backslash
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LaTeX's math mode does not support all characters in all fonts, and only
letters will be supported with these font styles; some only support capital
letters.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
For any of these fonts, you have to be careful how you enter the text.
If there is text to the right of the entry point, the font reverts to that
style after one character.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is possible (in AMS-LaTeX) to embolden (not italicize) numbers and special
symbols.
However, LyX does not yet support this in WYSIWYM manner\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
A number of other options are available as well, via
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Math Text Mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Typefaces are useful for entering variable names in some given font, but
certainly not for anything else, and in particular not text.
For typing longer pieces of text, use math text mode, which is obtained
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Moreover, math text mode outputs its contents inside a
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Font Sizes
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are four (relative) font sizes (or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
That is, a bug.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
All these math-mode font sizes are relative, that is, if the whole math
inset and surrounding text are set in a particular size, all these sizes
will be adjusted.
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\size largest
Here is a paragraph in
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This applies to math fonts in titles, etc.
as well.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
AMS-LaTeX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) provide a LaTeX packages that are
in common use.
LyX includes some support for these packages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Enabling AMS-Support
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
AMS-Symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The AMS-LaTeX packages add support for some mathematical symbols that are
not accessible from plain LaTeX (or LyX), but are fairly common in mathematical
typesetting, such as the old-German Fraktur font and the stylized
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
AMS-Formula Types
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
AMS-LaTeX provides a selection of different formula types.
LyX allows you to choose between
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
More Tools
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Cross-References
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:crossref}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Those of you reading this manual online will see a grey box with text in
it, right before the beginning of this sentence.
This is a
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To insert a label, use
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To insert a reference, select
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that if you cut & paste text from another document that contains a
\family sans
\begin_layout Quote
-
\family typewriter
LaTeX Warning:
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You'll also see two question marks in the output instead of the reference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are a few more comments we need to make about the
\family sans
Labels
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Also, a
\family sans
Label
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
Well, you
\emph on
can
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
It is often desirable to include long
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
At the point in the document where you want to enter the URL (or other address-l
ike entity) simply select
\family sans
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series bold
Important note
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you would like to associate some definite phrase with the URL, enter
it into the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
[
\emph on
Author's Note: somebody needs to document the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Specifying Short Titles with Optional Arguments
\begin_inset OptArg
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Short Titles
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some section or chapter titles, such as this one, can get quite long.
This can cause over-runs when there is limited horizontal space.
For example, if the header of the page is set to show the current section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LaTeX allows you to specify an optional argument to the section commands
that specifies a shorter version of the title
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
For those who don't know LaTeX, commands look like this:
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The title of this section is a good example of using this feature.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Branches
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Sometimes you wish to be able to output to paper multiple versions of the
same document.
The most extreme version of this is, when you want to prepare a single
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
First, you have to
\emph on
define
\begin_layout Standard
-
\emph on
Activation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Other possible applications of the Branches paradigm include a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
Once this doc is updated to 1.4, include branch examples here!
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Previewing snippets of your document
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX allows you to generate previews of sections of your document on the
fly so you can see how they'll look in the final document without having
to break your train of thought with
\bar default
review
\family default
- check box in the
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+On
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ pulldown item in the
\family sans
\bar under
-E
+T
\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\bar under
P
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX will generate previews of math insets.
- It will also generate previews of include insets if you select the
-\family sans
+ It will also generate previews of include insets or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+child documents
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ if you select the
+\family sans
\bar under
S
\bar default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To get previews working, you'll need some additional software.
First, you'll need the preview.sty LaTeX package.
Find it on your local CTAN mirror at
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Spacing, pagination and line breaks
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Extra Horizontal Space
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:hspace}
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
HFill
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note: if an
\family sans
HFill
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family sans
HFill
\family roman
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\bar under
H
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
That was an example in the
\family sans
Quote
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Remember that we said that an
\family sans
HFill
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring MMMMMMM
-
one
\hfill
two :three
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Extra Vertical Space
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:vertspace}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
To add extra vertical space above or below a paragraph, use
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
We will not provide an example of a
\family sans
VFill
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Note that for paragraphs at the top/bottom of a page, the extra space is
only added if you have also checked the option
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Changing Paragraph Alignment
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can also change the paragraph alignment with the
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
J
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
L
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
R
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
C
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The default in most cases is justified alignment, in which the inter-word
spacing is variable and each line of a paragraph fills the region between
the left and right margins.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
In some paragraph environments, the default is something other than justified
alignment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Forcing Page Breaks
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:pagebreak}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you don't like the way LaTeX does the page breaks in your document, you
can force a pagebreak where you want one.
In general, this will
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
So in general there is no need to use the option described below, and we
recommend not using it until the text is
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
+ at the top of a page.
+ This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
+ LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
+ appear at the top of a page [or the bottom, or on their own page] without
+ having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
+ See sections
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:figures}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:tables}
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and read about
+\family sans
+Floats
+\family default
+ to learn more.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Blanks/Spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A blank is a blank? Not in good typography.
+ While you might be used to press the space key anytime you want to separate
+ two words in ordinary word processors, LyX offers you more spaces: Spaces
+ of different width and spaces which can or cannot be broken at the end
+ of a line.
+ The following sections will show you some examples where those spaces are
+ useful.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Inter-word Space
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:normblank-lbreak-horline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages (e.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+g.\InsetSpace \space{}
+English) have the typographical convention to add extra
+ space after an end-of-sentence punctuation mark, and LyX honors those conventio
+ns (see section\InsetSpace ~
+
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:abbrev}
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Sometimes, you want a normal space nevertheless.
+ In this case, insert one with
+\family sans
+\bar under
+I
+\bar default
+nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
+\bar under
+o
+\bar default
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Inter-
+\bar under
+w
+\bar default
+ord\InsetSpace ~
+Space
+\family default
+or with
+\family sans
+C-M-Space.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Protected Space
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:protblank-lbreak-horline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+The protected space: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
+ line at that point.
+ This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+A good documentation should weight no more than 1
+\newline
+kg.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected space between
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+kg
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A protected space is set with
+\family sans
+\bar under
+I
+\bar default
+nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
+\bar under
+o
+\bar default
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Protected
+\bar under
+\InsetSpace ~
+S
+\bar default
+pace
+\family default
+or with
+\family sans
+C-Space.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Thin Space
+\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:thinblank-lbreak-horline}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+thin space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is a blank which has half the size of a normal space (and it is also
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+protected
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The typographical conventions in a lot of languages propose the use of
+ thin spaces in cases where normal spaces would be too wide, for instance
+ inside abbreviations:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+D.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+E.
+ Knuth has developped our beloved typesetting program, i.\InsetSpace \thinspace{}
+e.\InsetSpace \space{}
+TeX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert a thin space with
+\family sans
+\bar under
+I
+\bar default
+nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
+\bar under
+o
+\bar default
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+
+\bar under
+T
+\bar default
+hin\InsetSpace ~
+Space
+\family default
+or with
+\family sans
+C-S-Space.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+More Spaces
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Apart from the ones described, there are still some more spaces.
+ Although LyX supports them natively, they can only be reached via the
+\emph on
+minibuffer
+\emph default
+.
+ To get them, just type
+\family typewriter
+space-insert <command>
+\family default
+ into the minibuffer, where
+\family typewriter
+<command>
+\family default
+ is one of the following:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="3">
+<features>
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0">
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+width
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+protected?
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+normal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+1/3\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+protected
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+1/3\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+yes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+thin
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+1/6\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+yes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+enspace
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+0.5\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+yes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+enskip
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+0.5\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
-You might try to use a pagebreak to ensure that a figure or table appears
- at the top of a page.
- This is, of course, the wrong way to do it.
- LyX gives you a way of automatically ensuring that your figures and tables
- appear at the top of a page [or the bottom, or on their own page] without
- having to worry about what precedes or follows your figure or table.
- See sections
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:figures}
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+no
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:tables}
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+quad
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and read about
-\family sans
-Floats
-\family default
- to learn more.
+\begin_layout Standard
+1\InsetSpace ~
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Protected blanks
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:protblank-lbreak-horline}
+\begin_layout Standard
+no
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Standard
+\family typewriter
+qquad
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-The protected blank: It is used to tell LyX (and LaTeX) not to break the
- line at that point.
- This may be necessary to avoid unlucky linebreaks, like in:
+\begin_layout Standard
+2\InsetSpace ~
+em
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Quote
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-A good documentation should weight no more than 1
-\newline
-kg.
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+no
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row bottomline="true">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Standard
-Obviously, it would be a good thing to put a protected blank between
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\family typewriter
+negthinspace
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+-1/6\InsetSpace ~
+em
+\end_layout
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+yes
+\end_layout
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-kg
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
- A protected blank is set with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Protected
-\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
-B
-\bar default
-lank
-\family default
-or with
-\family sans
-C-Space.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Line breaking
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You can force line breaks within a paragraph by selecting
\family sans
\bar under
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
+Special\InsetSpace ~
+F
\bar under
-S
+o
\bar default
-pecial\InsetSpace ~
-Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+rmatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\bar under
L
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
Spellchecking
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:spellchecking}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
LyX itself has no built-in spellchecker.
Rather it uses the external
\family typewriter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The spellchecker can be started with the menu entry
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Spellchecker Options
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:spell_opt}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The following options can be set in the
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Dictionary
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
By default, the dictionary file to use is determined by the language of
the text you're checking, which is set in the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you're using
\family typewriter
ispell
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
You may also have problems the font encoding is not correct for that dictionary.
If you use a language with
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family typewriter
ispell: unrecognized formatter type 'latin1'
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The spellchecker gives you an error that it couldn't start the
\family typewriter
ispell
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are four solutions to this problem.
The easiest is to try the
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Personal dictionary
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you want to use a different file from the spellchecker's default choice
as your personal dictionary, you can set this in the dialog.
Specifying a filename which does not already exist will result in an error
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
Further Options
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
A
Prevent the spellchecker from complaining about compounded words like
\newline
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
passthrough
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\family sans
\bar under
E
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Limitations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Some users have expressed a wish to be able to globally change the spelling
of a particular word, rather than having to change the spelling separately
for each occurrence of the word.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Unless you're using the
\family typewriter
pspell
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-
International Support
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
This section describes how to use LyX with any language you want.
LyX comes with a default configuration which supports the English language
on a U.S.-style keyboard, with a standard U.S.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If you have a keyboard suited to the language you are using (for example,
a German keyboard for writing in German), and you have correctly configured
your X environment, all you need to do for LyX is tell it your language,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
If, however, you have a U.S.-style keyboard and want to write in a different
language than English, you can use an alternate keymap.
For example, if you have a U.S.-style keyboard but want to write in Italian,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Finally, you may just want to change a few key mappings or create an entirely
different keymap (for Vulcan, for instance).
You may, for example, normally write in Italian on a U.S.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The details of how to customize LyX to your own language are
\emph on
way
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Language Options
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:langlay}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
\bar under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Choose your language by clicking on the arrow in t
\family roman
he
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
In LaTeX terms, selecting a language other than default adds Babel support.
If you do not have Babel installed, refer to the different LaTeX distributions
for it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The
\family sans
Enco
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Keyboard mapping configuration
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:optkey}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The preferences dialog allows you to choose up to two keyboard mappings.
This allows you to choose the keymap of your choice for your U.S.-style keyboard.
You can choose primary and secondary keyboard languages and then select
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-
Character Tables
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:keytab}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Table\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{cap:The-latin1-character}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
There are a few things you need to know about this table.
This manual is set up --- by hand, mind you --- to print all of these character
s.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
The characters at entries A2, A4, A5, A6 and AD -- the cent, the yen, the
generic-currency-symbol, the broken vertical bar and the short dash are
just plain missing in the default encodings.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Even if you've selected
\family sans
latin1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Users of
\family typewriter
T1
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
This only holds when you want to input these quotes by yourself.
The automatic quote feature described in Section
\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:quotes}
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-
The characters of the following table, which are inserted as commands, could
not be inserted directly with the keyboard, because the standard encoding
\begin_layout Standard
-
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
The package
\series bold
textcomp
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-
\begin_inset Float table
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Caption
-
-
\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{cap:The-latin1-character}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="17">
<features>
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\begin_layout Standard
-
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\begin_layout Standard
-
The following is a full list of all of the accented characters LyX can display
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\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
From
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ISO8859--1
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
¨ Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü ä ë ï ö ü ÿ
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\begin_layout Standard
-
^ Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û
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circumflex
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-
` À È Ì Ò Ù à è ì ò ù
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\begin_layout Standard
-
´ Á É Í Ó Ú Ý á é í ó ú ý
\hfill
acute
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
~ Ã Ñ Õ ã ñ õ
\hfill
tilde
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
¸Çç
\hfill
cedilla
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
¯
\hfill
macron
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
The dead macron in usually not needed, as you will use a non--dead key for
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For example, S-M-minus, or if
\end_layout
+
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-
From
\family typewriter
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\begin_layout Standard
-
\i \^{H}
\i \^{J}
\i \^{h}
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\begin_layout Standard
-
\i \'{S}
\i \'{Z}
\i \'{s}
\end_layout
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-
\i \~{I}
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\i \~{U}
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\begin_layout Standard
-
\i \c{S}
\i \c{s}
\i \c{T}
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-
These characters might not look very nice on screen, but they will be just
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\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\i \={E}
\i \={e}
\i \={A}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
\i \H{O}
\i \H{U}
\i \H{o}
\hfill
hungarian umlaut
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
All the characters above are actively supported by TeX fonts.
In addition TeX allows diacritical marks on almost all characters .
Also make sure you're using the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-
Credits
\end_layout
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-
The documentation is a collaborative effort between many different people
(and we would encourage people to contribute !).
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-
First, we need to give due credit to those who came before us.
They gave us the base upon which the new manuals are built, and some continue
to provide information:
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Matthias Ettrich
\noun default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Lars Gullik Bjønnes
\noun default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Ivan Schreter
\noun default
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Pascal André
\noun default
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-
\noun on
Alejandro Aguilar Sierra
\noun default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Special thanks to the LyX Team\InsetSpace ~
\begin_inset LatexCommand \cite{lyxcredit}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
Next, it's time to give credit to the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
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-
\noun on
David Johnson
\noun default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Contributor to the FAQ and the old
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
General editing assistance.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
math mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
tables
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
spellchecking
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Rich Fields
\noun default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Primary contributor to
\family typewriter
Reference.lyx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of the basic LyX interface in
\family typewriter
UserGuide.lyx
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Paul Evans
\noun default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Former maintainer of the FAQ and the old
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of LinuxDoc in
\family typewriter
UserGuide.lyx
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Paul Russel:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of figures and imported graphics in
\family typewriter
UserGuide.lyx
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
John Raithel
\noun default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of internationalization features in
\family typewriter
UserGuide.lyx
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Robin Socha:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
footnotes
\end_layout
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-
margin notes
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
table of contents
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
cross-references
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Amir Karger
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Primary contributor to
\family typewriter
Tutorial.lyx
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
Matthias Zenker:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
manual fine-tuning
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
using LaTeX from within LyX
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
\noun on
John Weiss
\noun default
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
General organization and format of the documents.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Documentation of :
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
LyX setup
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
paragraph environments, document layout, nesting, typography notes, fonts
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Also responsible for Introduction in
\family typewriter
Tutorial.lyx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
Editor of the documents.
[from 6/96-fall 1997]
\end_layout
+
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-
After fall of 1997, the LyX Team as a whole took over maintenance of the
documentation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\bibitem {lyxcredit}
+\bibitem {lyxcredit}
The LyX Team:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
\backslash
-href{http://www.lyx.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/lyx-devel/lib/CREDITS?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain}{
+href{http://www.lyx.org/about/credits.php}{
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
+
}
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\bibitem {latexbook}
+\bibitem {latexbook}
Leslie Lamport:
\emph on
LaTeX: A Document Preparation System.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\bibitem {latexcompanion}
+\bibitem {latexcompanion}
Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin:
\emph on
The LaTeX Companion.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\bibitem {latexguide}
+\bibitem {latexguide}
Kopka and Daly:
\emph on
A Guide to LaTeX2e
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\bibitem {texbook}
+\bibitem {texbook}
Donald E.
Knuth.
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff