\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes true
+\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author -1402925745 "Günter Milde"
\end_header
\begin_body
Note:
\series default
In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
- bad metrics, and other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four variants: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
\family sans
-Option-hyphen
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
and the em dash with
\family sans
-Shift-Option-hyphen
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
(
\family sans
-Option
+Opt
\family default
is the Mac label for the right
\family sans
\end_inset
\SpecialChar LyX
- function with the Unicode code as argument (2013 for the em dash and 2014
- for the en dash).
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
mode and has a length of its own.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Dashes indicate interruptions, performing a function related to – but subtly
- different from – parentheses.
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-(
-\emph on
-en dash
-\emph default
-)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
\begin_inset Formula $x^{2}-y^{2}=z^{2}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504710179
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1503938327
+\begin_layout Subsection
Dashes and line breaks
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504686237
-Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
- case and locale:
+Whether line breaks around dashes are allowed depends on the use case and
+ locale:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504302249
No line breaks are allowed in ranges of values like A–Z or 1975–1982.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504537660
-In English, lines may break after dashes used to set off parenthetical statement
-s.
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504678633
In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
- similar to quote signs and line breaks are not allowed on the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-inner side
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504711768
When using spaced en dashes
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-- prevent line breaks before the dash with protected spaces.
+- line breaks before the dash can be prevented with protected spaces.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504686608
When using em dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
-insert optional
- line breaks with
+one can insert
+ optional line breaks with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504708653
-For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select
+For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select the
+ option
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
\family default
-This forces output of dashes as
+This forces the output of dashes as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- when exporting to LaTeX.
- The TeX font ligature mechanism convertes them to dash characters followed
+ when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
by an optional line break.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504003320
-Caveats:
-\change_unchanged
-
+Caution:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504686268
This results in optional line breaks after
\series bold
all
\series default
- en and em dashes.
- Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox or preceding
- with
-\family typewriter
+ en and em dashes.
+ Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or preceding with
+\series bold
\backslash
nobreakdash
-\family default
- in ERT:
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504539888
-pages
\begin_inset Box Frameless
position "t"
hor_pos "c"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504013627
369–378
\end_layout
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504539962
+\lang french
Les incises
\begin_inset Box Frameless
position "t"
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504539973
+\lang french
–
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
– sont très utiles.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Quote
+\begin_layout Itemize
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504686902
+\lang spanish
En una frase
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504246896
-
\backslash
nobreakdash
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504708818
An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-– it does not trigger a warning in the LaTeX log.
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504012609
-The setting is ignored for documents using non-TeX fonts.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504709863
-XeTeX provides the
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
\backslash
XeTeXdashbreakstate
-\family default
+\series default
setting.
- The default,
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
\family typewriter
+\series bold
\backslash
-XeTeXdashbreakstate=1
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
\family default
-, causes literal dashes to behave like
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+\end_layout
-ligature dashes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\change_unchanged
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504686210
Em dashes in
\family typewriter
-typewriter fonts
+typewriter
\family default
- become
+ fonts become
\family typewriter
–-
\family default
---
\family default
in the output.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504003612
-Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-ligature dashes
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
+Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504709020
-Changes:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504711065
-LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.2 -- and --- in the LyX source are output as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent
- ligation to dashes.
+2.2, -- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504711038
-Up to LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.1, -- and --- in the LyX source was output
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-as is
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- which led to different look in the GUI, text, or HTML vs.
- documents compiled with LaTeX.
-
-\change_unchanged
-
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- Occurences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes [
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "changeset 8aa37c43"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/changeset/8aa37c43/lyxgit"
-literal "false"
+ Occurrences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes.
+ This led to different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-].
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Itemize
+2.3 provides the option
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504709468
-In some cases this leads to different line breaks.
-
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504710005
-It is no longer possible to differentiate dashes with/without optional line
- break using --- and -- vs.
- literal dashes.
- Either convert one sort to ERT or insert optional line break characters.
-\change_unchanged
+2.2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504710385
-LyX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2.3 New setting
+2.2 documents, you must manually unselect
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
-
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
\family default
- It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with LyX 2.2.
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used both, literal and ligature dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504712456
-If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-2.2 documents, you must manually
- unselect it to ensure unchanged behaviour.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behaviour.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504712456
-ZWSP characters (u200b) following literal em- and en-dashes are deleted
- by lyx2lyx when converting to 2.3 format.
+2.3.
If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
- space insets before opening your document with LyX 2.3 or the optional line
- breaks will be lost!
-\end_layout
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
-\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1504709574
-As with all settings, the default for new documents can be configured via
- templates.
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenation
\begin_inset Index idx
\end_inset
.
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1503938048
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-
-\change_inserted -1402925745 1503938353
Optional
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Break Inserts a line break point (ZWSP) that is invisible in the output.
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
See section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
for a usage example.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff