#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 515
+\lyxformat 544
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
\default_output_format pdf2
\output_sync 0
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
-\use_package undertilde 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation skip
\defskip medskip
-\quotes_language english
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style english
+\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
-\tracking_changes true
+\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
-\author 274215730 "scott"
-\author 424524441 "rgheck"
\end_header
\begin_body
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Version 2.2.x
+Version 2.3.x
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+The
+\family sans
+Filter
+\family default
+ field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of
+\emph on
+Labels and References
+\emph default
+ and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sub:
+sub
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Tab"
description "Tabulator key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Esc"
description "Escape key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Ctrl"
description "Control key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Shift"
description "Shift key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Alt"
description "Alt or Meta key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
+ packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
This is Verbatim.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
\noindent
\align block
-
The following 2 lines are empty:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
\backslash
}][{|
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim*
-
This is Verbatim*.
\end_layout
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- font, known as
+ With LyX's default font encoding, this is a look-alike of the standard
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
cm
\family default
-) or
+): either
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the bitmap font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
ec
\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+).
+ However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
As
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+ is a bitmap font, it looks pixelated in PDF output, especially when you
+ read the PDF in a zoomed size.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
+This problem is less severe if you read PDFs in
\family typewriter
Adobe
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but built of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
- for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
If you do not like the look of
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fontenc
+ packages ! fontenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
+ packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\emph on
em dash
\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
+, and the
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
+\family sans
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+
+\family sans
+/ AltGr
+\family default
+key).
+ Alternatively, dashes can be inserted with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special
Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
+\family default
+ or with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+unicode-insert
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- gives a en dash,
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
+unicode-insert
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- a em dash.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
+Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
+ mode and has a length of its own.
Here are some examples:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
+From A–Z; pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
+The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and line breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks around dashes are allowed depends on the use case and
+ locale:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+No line breaks are allowed in ranges of values like A–Z or 1975–1982.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When using spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- common in British English
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+- line breaks before the dash can be prevented with protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When using em dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+one can insert
+ optional line breaks with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional line break
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For documents containing many em dashes, you may consider to select the
+ option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures.
+
+\family default
+This forces the output of dashes as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ when exporting to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ font ligature mechanism converts them to dash characters followed
+ by an optional line break.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Caution:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+This results in optional line breaks after
+\series bold
+all
+\series default
+ en and em dashes.
+ Incorrect line breaks must be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+369–378
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang french
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\lang french
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\lang spanish
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+The setting is ignored for documents using non-\SpecialChar TeX
+ fonts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Xe\SpecialChar TeX
+ provides the
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate
+\series default
+ setting.
+ The default causes dashes to behave like ligature dashes.
+ The usual behaviour of literal dashes can be achieved by inserting
+\family typewriter
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+XeTeXdashbreakstate=0
+\family default
+\series default
+ into the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Em dashes in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ fonts become
+\family typewriter
+–-
+\family default
+ or
+\family typewriter
+---
+\family default
+ in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Hyphenation is suppressed in words adjacent to hyphens and ligature dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2, -- and --- are exported to LaTeX as -{}- and -{}-{}- to prevent ligation
+ to dashes.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, -- and --- was output unchanged which led to different look in \SpecialChar LyX
+, text
+ export, HTML export and the PDF export.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Occurrences in older documents are converted to literal Unicode dashes.
+ This led to different line breaks in some documents.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 provides the option
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts.
+
+\family default
+ It is on by default but unselected when opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note the following side-effects of the changes in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dash handling:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used literal em- and en dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you must manually unselect
+\family sans
+Output en- and em-dashes as ligatures
+\family default
+ to ensure unchanged behavior.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+If you used both, literal and ligature dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behaviour.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Zero-width space (ZWSP) characters in older \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents that follow literal
+ em- and en-dashes are removed during the conversion to the format of \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3.
+ If you used them as optional line breaks after dashes, convert them to
+ space insets before opening your document with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 or the optional line breaks will be lost.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenation
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
as a hyphenation possibility.
Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
+ To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can use a protected
+ hyphen (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+) or put it into a makebox as described in section
\emph on
Prevent Hyphenation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
+Quotation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
+Typography ! Quotation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
+Quotation marks | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
+ usually sets quotation marks correctly.
+ Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
+ text, and use a closing mark at the end.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
"
\family default
- key produces using the submenu
+ key produces by using the submenu
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_inset
- dialog in the box
+ dialog and switching the
\family sans
Quote Style
\family default
-.
- There are six choices:
+ (note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
+ There are 14
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+choices:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\noindent
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in the US)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like ”this”
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Sweden)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Germany)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Poland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Switzerland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-For single quotes you have to use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "quote-insert single"
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+g., in Denmark)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
-}
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks (so-called plain or non-typographical quotation marks)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Ligatures"
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Great Britain)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in France)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
+\end_inset
+
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (another style common in France)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
+ since these look identical to the inner marks.
+ The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
+ the inner marks differ).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
+\end_inset
+
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Russia)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
+\end_inset
+
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (another style common in Sweden)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
+\end_inset
+
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in Japan)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
+\end_inset
+
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
+\end_inset
+
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in North Korea and China)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inner quotation marks
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
+ But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
+ case (and specifically the British style shows that
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ does not necessarily mean
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This is why we call them
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ as opposed to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+scare quotes
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "quote-insert inner"
+\end_inset
+
+ and via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
+ That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
+ it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
+ This allows you to enter marks of different style.
+ If you check the setting
+\family sans
+Use dynamic quotation marks
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+, however, special quotation marks will be inserted (in the LyX window,
+ they appear in a special color).
+ These marks will automatically adapt to the main style (and its changes).
+ Such quotation marks make it easy to alter the quotation mark style in
+ one step (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., if your publisher requests a different style).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Individual quotation marks (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
+ easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
+ mark.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Ligatures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
+.
Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
output.
\begin_layout Subsection
\SpecialChar LyX
and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logos
+ Logos
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
a box like this:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/footnote.png
- scale 80
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "AMS"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
+There are eight formats of cross-references:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) can be done with this command
+) can be done for
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ with this command:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
-,
+Note that neither
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ nor
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+predefines reference formats for all available types.
+ This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
+ environments.
+ So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
+ you will need to define the relevant format yourself.
+ For
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+, you might do so as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
+\backslash
+ref{#1}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
+ the package documentation
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "prettyref,refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The options
+\family sans
+Plural
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Capitalized
+\family default
+ will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ package.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_layout Description
+Label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ label for the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand labelonly
+reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, if you want to issue a command
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support.
+ If you are using
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+, then you may want to use the
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Prefix
+\family default
+ option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ separator.
+ This is the form needed for e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+'s range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
+ part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
The varieties are adjusted in the field
\family sans
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
target "http://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
name "lyx-docs mailing list"
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand href
name "LyX's homepage"
target "http://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
--document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ document.
+ You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
- which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
- manually, using the paragraph environment
+, or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
+
\family sans
Bibliography
\family default
-, which was described in section
+, which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-.
+).
If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document, like author-year citations, then you must
+ this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
+ a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
\emph on
\emph default
-use a bibliography database.
+using a bibliography database.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
+ use two bibliographies in this document, a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment and a database-generated bibliography.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
+ from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
The Bibliography Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
entry.
+ Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
+ of ASCII characters only.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ASCII means
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this set"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of characters:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
+\backslash
+#Character_set
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
and
we used
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In order to do so, the label needs to be given the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Author(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Author A and Author B(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+without
+\emph default
+ a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
+ the year.
+ Then, if you select
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+ in the document settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+format
+\family default
+ (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+), you can select between different author-year or author-number styles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
+Bibliography databases
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
documents.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
+ special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
+ A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Wiki at
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
+ for a long time.
+ It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
+ styles available.
+ But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
+c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
+ Those are addressed by
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (although it has been significantly
+ extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+'s scope)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Meaning: While
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ might conversely fail to correctly
+ handle databases that use specific
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ features.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
+ from it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ format.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-).
- The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
- special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
- A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
- Wiki at
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
+ a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family sans
+ style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Add bibliography to TOC
+\family default
+ adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Content
+\family default
+ drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
+ in the document or just the cited references.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bst
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
+ Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
+ provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
+ layout.
+ It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
+ for experts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For information on how this is done, have a look at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style
+\family sans
+alphadin.bst
+\family default
+, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
+ Institute (DIN).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Accessing a database via
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+: Use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List
+\family default
+/
+\family sans
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ you cannot select a
+\family sans
+style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
+ the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bbx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.cbx
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are not set in the
+\family sans
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog, but in the document settings.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ However, in the dialog in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are deescribed in detail in the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ manual,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bibliography Processors
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses a bibliography processor,
+ that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
+ and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
+ LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
+ You can do this on a general level in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+ or for individual documents in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ The following variants are available by default:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+biber a specific, modern processor
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ developed exclusively for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ (it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+!).
+
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ makes use of; if you use the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ approach, it is strongly recommended to use
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
+ with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
+ (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+, works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ features are supported.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default (with the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ set in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ and with
+\family sans
+Automatic
+\family default
+ as setting for the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+), \SpecialChar LyX
+ selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+ for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based bibliography styles).
+ This should suit most needs.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+pbibtex
+\family default
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
+ You can adjust it in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
+ can add below the selection.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
+ of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX,biber"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Customizing
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
+ bibliographies.
+ These are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Biblatex
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation Format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Citation format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Citation-Format"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many different citation formats are common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+numerical citation (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+1
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Mil08
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+) or author-year citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Miller (2008a)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
+ files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
+ In
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+\series bold
+
+\series default
+as
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for details).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With a bibliography database (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Basic
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Biblatex bibliography style
+\family default
+ below.
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate
+\family sans
+the
+\family default
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ behavior very closely.
+ Compared to normal
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ this option has some additional styles.
+ All
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are also supported by this variant.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! jurabib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
+The
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
+Biblatex
\family default
-/
+ and
\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-BibTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
+Natbib
+\family default
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ citation styles.
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
+\family sans
+Variant
\family default
.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
+ Note that for the
\family sans
-style
+Biblatex
\family default
- file.
- The option
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea.
+ Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
+Biblatex citation style
\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
+.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
+ With
\family sans
-Content
+Natbib
\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
+, on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
+ style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
+ are available in the
\family sans
-.bst
+Citation
\family default
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
+ a name prefix such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+van Beethoven
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
- Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
- provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
- layout.
- It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
- for experts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For information on how this is done, have a look at
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ (to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
-
+Van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
+use or don't use
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+et al.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
+).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- either in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- or in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\family default
-.
- The following variants are possible:
-\end_layout
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
- with other bibliography packages (e.
+g.
+ page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+ (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+ with or without
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+pp.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-natbib
-\series default
-), only with the package
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\series default
-; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
-\end_layout
+).
+ Here is a simple example where the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
- that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages, except
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\end_layout
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
- larger memory than
-\family sans
-bibtex
-\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
-\end_layout
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
- of the variants.
- Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
- of
-\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ appears after the reference:
+\end_layout
-\family default
-
+\begin_layout Quote
+Have a look at
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you select the option
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- in the
+All styles except for
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
+Basic (BibTeX)
\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
- This and other options are explained in detail in section
-\emph on
-Customizing Bibliographies
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+cf.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
+ this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
+Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
+ Some
\family sans
-alphadin.bst
+Biblatex
\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation Format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Citation format
-\end_layout
-
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+qualified citation lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
- For this feature you need to enable the option
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports this.
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
\family sans
-Natbib
+Citation
\family default
- in the
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
+Selected Citations
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+before
\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
- the citation reference window.
- Here is an example where the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Chapter
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+after
+\family default
+.
+ If you double-click on an item's
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- appears after the reference:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "latexcompanion"
-
+before
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+after
+\family default
+ field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
+ In the
+\family sans
+General text before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+General text after
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
+ packages ! splitidx
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "a"
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+literal "false"
\end_inset
prefix "sigma"
symbol "$\\sigma$"
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl,makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+
+\series bold
+Question:
+\series default
+ Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+
+\series bold
+Answer:
+\series default
+ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
if both branches were active.
This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296009
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
-As of LyX 2.3.0, there are also
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-inverted
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- branch insets, whose content is output just in case the branch is
+There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
+ the branch is
\emph on
not
\emph default
activated.
-
-\begin_inset Branch Question
+ This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
+ To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
+ button and choose
+\family sans
+Invert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Inset
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
inverted 1
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468296217
-For example, this material will only appear when the Question branch is
- deactivated.
-\change_unchanged
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
- To control whether a particular inset is
+\series bold
+No answer:
+\series default
+ Because the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-inverted
+Answer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, right-click on the inset button and choose
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\change_unchanged
-Invert Inset
-\change_inserted 424524441 1468297080
+ branch is deactivated.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\change_deleted 424524441 1468296150
-
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
Code.
Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Catalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
\end_inset
The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
footnotes).
Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
- the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
+ the chapter, company logo but you can use almost anything, except of floats.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
this by adding a ragged line break in the style definition.
- However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
- text line.
+ However, the default height of the header/footer is only the height of
+ one text line.
To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
length
\series bold
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
+ packages ! preview-latex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
+ packages ! dvipost
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
+ packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Ragged
\begin_inset space ~
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
+ packages ! japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! ucs
+ packages ! ucs
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if a citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+Here you can specify if a specific citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
packages
\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
natbib
\series default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! natbib
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! jurabib
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
should be used.
- You can enable a
+ If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, you can enable a
\family sans
Sectioned bibliography
\family default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! bibtopic
+ packages ! bibtopic
\end_layout
\end_inset
- and you can select a
+.
+ If you use
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+, you can select the style files and specify further options.
+ Finally, you can select a document-specific
\family sans
Processor
\family default
for the generation of the bibliography.
- For a further description see section
+ For a further description of these possibilities see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amsmath
+ packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amssymb
+ packages ! amssymb
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! cancel
+ packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! esint
+ packages ! esint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathdots
+ packages ! mathdots
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathtools
+ packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mhchem
+ packages ! mhchem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stackrel
+ packages ! stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stmaryrd
+ packages ! stmaryrd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! undertilde
+ packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
LatexCommand href
name "this image"
target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\family default
) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
-
-\change_inserted 274215730 1469338548
- Regardless of this option, one may always close a tab by middle-clicking
+ Regardless of this option, one can always close a tab by middle-clicking
it in the tab bar.
-\change_unchanged
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
+To add new or modify existing key bindings to your own taste you can use
the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
functions and the bound shortcuts.
To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
+ This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family typewriter
+M
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+S
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+C
+\family default
+ for
+\family sans
+Meta/Alt
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+, respectively) as well as to the other keys.
+ Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
+ in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
+ the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
+ a model).
+ So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
+\family sans
+Alt+Shift+:
+\family default
+, you needed to specify it as
+\family typewriter
+M-S-colon
+\family default
+.
+ If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
+ these specifics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ transforms your input to the correct syntax.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Keyboard/Mouse
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand bibitem
label "Credits"
key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand href
name "Credits"
target "http://www.lyx.org/Credits"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "texbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "LaTeXFAQ"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "BibTeX"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxdoc.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand href
name "Documentation"
target "http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/bibtex/tamethebeast/ttb_en.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://www.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "biber"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Documentation"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/biber/documentation/biber.pdf
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
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projects / lyx.git / blobdiff