-#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 504
+#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 594
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\begin_modules
customHeadersFooters
enumitem
+logicalmkup
\end_modules
-\maintain_unincluded_children false
+\maintain_unincluded_children no
\language english
\language_package default
-\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
+\inputencoding utf8
+\fontencoding auto
\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
-\font_sans "lmss" "default"
-\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
-\font_osf false
+\font_roman_osf false
+\font_sans_osf false
+\font_typewriter_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
-\default_output_format pdf2
+\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command bibtex
-\index_command default
+\index_command makeindex
+\float_placement class
+\float_alignment class
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
-\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
-\use_package undertilde 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
+\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
-\use_refstyle 0
+\use_refstyle 1
+\use_minted 0
+\use_lineno 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\branch Question
\selected 1
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation skip
\defskip medskip
-\quotes_language english
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style english
+\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle default
+\tablestyle default
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
+\change_bars false
+\postpone_fragile_content false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict true
+\author -1402925745 "Günter Milde"
+\author -712698321 "Jürgen Spitzmüller"
+\author -584632292 "Richard Kimberly Heck"
+\author -563046850 "Jean-Marc LASGOUTTES"
+\author 5863208 "ab"
+\author 1675569489 "Stephan Witt"
\end_header
\begin_body
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Version 2.2.x
+Version 2.3.x
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/\SpecialChar LyX
-/DocumentationDevelopment#UserGuide
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#UserGuide
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
Recent
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352530
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352546
+
+\family sans
+Open
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Example
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353355
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353357
+
+\family sans
+Close All
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352570
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352997
+
+\family sans
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Template
\family default
command lists the available templates.
- Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
- the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+ Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353491
+and possibly propose text fragments
+\change_unchanged
+for the document, features
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353500
+and text
+\change_unchanged
+you would otherwise need to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553353510
+change
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353510
+set
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353505
+or enter
+\change_unchanged
+manually.
They can be of use for certain classes, especially those for writing letters
- (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353657
+ You can also add your own templates to this list by means of storing a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ file with the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Save As Template
+\family default
+ function.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Replace
\family default
- feature that is described in sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ feature that is described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
In the pull-down box at the top of the outline window, you can choose between
several different lists, including other TOC-like objects, such as lists
of tables and figures, but also lists of footnotes, or labels and cross-referen
-ces (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ces (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-), or notes, or citations (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+), or notes, or citations (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The “Filter” field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear
- in the Outline.
- For example, if you are displaying the list of Labels and References and
- wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+The
+\family sans
+Filter
+\family default
+ field at the top allows you to restrict which entries appear in the outline.
+ For example, if you are displaying the list of
+\emph on
+Labels and References
+\emph default
+ and wish to see only references to subsections, you can enter the text
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sub:
+sub
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
2.4.1.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+By right-clicking on a section in the outliner you can select the whole
+ section to copy, cut or delete it.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Scrolling
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
The completion options for math in the preferences do the same as the correspond
ing options for text.
- The special math option
+
+\change_inserted -563046850 1560340017
+Additionally,
+\change_deleted -563046850 1560340019
+T
+\change_inserted -563046850 1560340019
+t
+\change_unchanged
+he special math option
\family sans
Autocorrection
\family default
\family default
that is in \SpecialChar LyX
's installation folder.
- Math autocorrection can at any time be turned on by pressing the exclamation
+
+\change_deleted -563046850 1560340086
+Math autocorrection can at any time be turned on by pressing the exclamation
mark key “!”.
Pressing
\family sans
Space
\family default
turns it off.
+\change_inserted -563046850 1560340324
+Note that using
+\family sans
+Undo
+\family default
+ after autocorrection has done its magic leaves the un-corrected sequence.
+ In the example above,
+\family sans
+Undo
+\family default
+ leads to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+=>
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and a second
+\family sans
+Undo
+\family default
+ yields
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+=
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Shortcuts
\family default
.
- (You can list or change any key bindings as explained in sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ (You can list or change any key bindings as explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Tab"
description "Tabulator key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Esc"
description "Escape key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Ctrl"
description "Control key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Shift"
description "Shift key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "Alt"
description "Alt or Meta key"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
If there is a document class you would like to use that is marked as
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Unavailable
If you often find yourself needing the same sort of thing in different
documents, you should consider writing a module for this purpose.
Sometimes, however, a particular document has very special needs, but you
- need a specific inset or character style only that one time.
+ need a specific inset or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757388
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757388
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style only that one time.
You want something that is like a document's own \SpecialChar LaTeX
preamble.
What you want is \SpecialChar LyX
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-A0 - A6
+A0 – A6
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-B0 - B6
+B0 – B6
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-C0 - C6
+C0 – C6
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
-JIS B0 - JIS B6
+JIS B0 – JIS B6
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! setspace
+ packages ! setspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph on
environment
\emph default
-} ...
+} \SpecialChar ldots
\backslash
end{
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
argument (menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Short Title
+Enumerate Options
\family default
) to the first item of each level in the list.
There you add the command
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! enumitem
+ packages ! enumitem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "enumitem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
This is Verbatim.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
\noindent
\align block
-
The following 2 lines are empty:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim
-
Almost everything is allowed in Verbatim:"%&$§#~'`
\backslash
}][{|
\end_layout
\begin_layout Verbatim*
-
This is Verbatim*.
\end_layout
To split an existing list into two lists, set the cursor at the end of a
list item and use the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Environment
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Above
\family default
-.
- This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
-) and behind it the new list.
- The menu
+ or
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start New Parent Environment
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Separated <Name> Below
\family default
- only appears if the item is nested.
- It does not only separate the list but also creates a new one outside the
- nesting.
+.
+ This inserts a plain separator (red line in \SpecialChar LyX
+) and before or behind it the
+ new list.
+ Inside nested environments, it is also possible to split the outer environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arg "paragraph-break"
\end_inset
- in a Standard environment immediately after a non-Standard one.
+ in a
+\family sans
+Standard
+\family default
+ environment immediately after a non-Standard one.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
's line breaking, as \SpecialChar LaTeX
is
very good at line breaking.
- There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessaryactively
- to set a line break, for example, in a poem or for an address (see sections
+ There are, however, a number of situations where it is necessary to set
+ a line break actively, for example, in a poem or for an address (see sections
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Many modern typesetting and markup languages have begun to move towards
- specifying character styles rather than specifying a particular font.
+ specifying
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757415
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757415
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles rather than specifying a particular font.
For example, instead of changing to an italicized version of the current
font to emphasize text, you use an
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In practice, some fonts might fail due to bad metrics and other font deficienci
-es; so you might have to experiment.
+ In practice, some fonts might fail due to a legacy (non Unicode) font encoding,
+ bad metrics, or other font deficiencies; so you might have to experiment.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Default,
\family default
the font that is preset by the current document class is used.
- In most cases, this will be the standard \SpecialChar TeX
- font, known as
+ With LyX's
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413696
+default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413700
+automatic
+\change_unchanged
+ font encoding, this is
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413733
+, depending on the document language,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413747
+either the the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
cm
\family default
) or
+\change_unchanged
+a look-alike of
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413754
+ the standard \SpecialChar TeX
+ font
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+Computer
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modern
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (
+\family typewriter
+cm
+\family default
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413756
+ this font
+\change_unchanged
+: either
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+cm-super
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or the bitmap font
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
ec
\family default
-), but some classes preset different default fonts.
+).
+ However, some classes set different default fonts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
As
\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
- and
-\family typewriter
ec
\family default
- are bitmap fonts, they often look pixelated in PDF output, especially when
- you read the PDF in a zoomed size.
+ is a bitmap font, it looks pixelated in PDF output, especially when you
+ read the PDF in a zoomed size.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This problem does not appear if you read PDFs in
+This problem is less severe if you read PDFs in
\family typewriter
Adobe
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-or select the
-\family sans
-AE
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-(Almost
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-European)
-\family default
- fonts in (the rare) case that
-\family sans
-Latin
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Modern
-\family default
- is not available to you or does not work, and you still want to emulate
- the look of
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
-/
-\family typewriter
-ec
-\family default
-.
-
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- is a virtual font.
- Virtual means that it
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-steals
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- outline
-\family typewriter
-cm
-\family default
--glyphs from other fonts.
- This has the disadvantage that some characters are missing, like the French
- guillemets (
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-«
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-»
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Loading the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package
-\series bold
-aeguill
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! aeguill
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- with the document preamble line
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[ec]{aeguill}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-will fix the guillemet problem.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- and that accented characters are not
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- glyph, but built of
-\emph on
-two
-\emph default
- characters, the accent and the letter.
- Therefore you cannot search for words with accented characters in documents
- using the
-\family typewriter
-AE
-\family default
- fonts.
- If you search for example for the French word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-rève
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- in a PDF, you will not get any result, because the PDF-viewer searches
- for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- è
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- and not for the glyph
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
- e +
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
- ̀
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Itemize
If you do not like the look of
\family typewriter
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fontenc
+ packages ! fontenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413571
(see also section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
Normally, you do not need to change (or even understand) this.
Unless you have specific reasons, use
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413471
+
\family sans
Default
+\change_inserted -712698321 1524413474
+Automatic
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
.
\end_layout
of scaled capitals.
Real small caps are often part of expert font sets; they generally look
better than faked small caps but might have to be purchased separately.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563000270
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563000448
+Furthermore, with some fonts, you can add additional (comma-separated) options
+ provided by the font package (or the
+\family sans
+fontspec
+\family default
+ package, if you use non-TeX fonts), into the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field.
+ This presupposes that you are familiar with the respective \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ font package.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Enable micro-typographic extensions
+\family default
+ activates extensions such as character protrusion and font expansion via
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+microtype
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! microtype
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The option
+\family sans
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ outputs en- and em-dashes as literal characters
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ macro, if the literal character is not supported by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ input encoding.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of ligatures (--, ---) (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Using Different Character Styles
+Using Different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757119
+Character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757120
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+ Styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595783
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:charstyles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
As we've already seen, \SpecialChar LyX
- automatically changes the character style for certain
- paragraph environments.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- supports two character styles,
-\family sans
+ automatically changes the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601052
+character
+\change_unchanged
+style for certain paragraph environments.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757169
+ In this section, we will explain how the style of selected text passages
+ can by changed.
+ This is where we meet the concept of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601099
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595930
+By default,
+\change_unchanged
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757160
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757161
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles,
+\emph on
Emphasized
-\family default
+\emph default
and
+\noun on
+Noun
+\noun default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757189
+These are
+\emph on
+builtin
+\emph default
+, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., available with all document classes.
+ On top of that, some document classes and modules provide
+\emph on
+custom text styles
+\emph default
+ for specific purposes.
+ We describe both types of text styles in a minute.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757201
+Before we do that, though, allow us just a few words of what we mean by
+
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+ in contrast to
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Traditional word processors used to focus on so-called
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+: if you wanted to emphasize a word, you selected it and chose e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bold style
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ — you customized the
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+.
+ Modern processors, \SpecialChar LyX
+ among them, encourage the use of
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+(or
+\emph on
+logical
+\emph default
+)
+\emph on
+markup
+\emph default
+ instead (although formal markup is still possible; see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Rather than fiddling with
+\emph on
+text properties
+\emph default
+, they encourage the use of
+\emph on
+text styles
+\emph default
+, who are defined with regard to their function (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+emphasize
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+), not their form (
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+bold
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ There are many advantages of the semantic approach.
+ To begin with, using functional categories keeps you thinking about why
+ you are actually marking up, if your markup is consistent and systematic,
+ and whether this particular markup makes sense.
+ On a more practical level, it is easy to change the appearance if needed.
+ Consider the case when you are writing a paper and set all proper names
+ in
+\shape smallcaps
+small caps
+\shape default
+ via formal markup.
+ Now if the publisher requests to have names appear differently (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in normal font, or ALL-CAPS), you would have to change any single occurrence.
+ With a semantic markup (such as
+\noun on
+noun
+\noun default
+; see below), you'd just need to change the definition of
\family sans
Noun
\family default
+ once and for all.
+ It's a ten second change (if you know how to change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition).
+ Moreover, semantic markup even allows you to produce different versions
+ of a document, using different markup semantics.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757213
+With that in mind, we now turn to the semantic text styles that are provided
+ by \SpecialChar LyX
.
- You can activate both of these styles via key bindings, the menus, and
- the toolbar.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757220
+Builtin Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757226
+The two builtin text styles can be
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596489
+You can
+\change_unchanged
+activate
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596491
+d
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596494
+both of these styles
+\change_unchanged
+via
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596436
+the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog,
+\change_unchanged
+key bindings
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596045
+, the menus
+\change_unchanged
+, and the toolbar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596051
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596318
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598183
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598323
+By default,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ is producing text in
+\shape smallcaps
+Small Caps
+\shape default
+, but the definition can be changed.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more widely used character style is the
+A more widely used
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757229
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757229
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ style is the
\family sans
Emphasized
\family default
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596078
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596340
+use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+) as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Emphasized
\family default
style is equivalent to an italic font but some document classes or \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages
- use a different font.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598370
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598370
+-
+\change_unchanged
+packages use a different font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598396
+, and you can also customize it yourself by changing the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ definition
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Quotation
\emph on
-Do not overuse character styles!
+Do not overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757231
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757231
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It's also a warning in addition to an example.
One's writing should parallel ordinary conversation.
Since we don't all constantly scream at each other, we should also avoid
- the common tendency to overuse character styles.
+ the common tendency to overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525757236
+character
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757236
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ styles.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598419
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can always reset to the default font using the key binding
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757709
+In contrast to the custom text styles, the builtin styles are represented
+ only as font changes and integrated in the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog.
+
+\change_unchanged
+You can
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598525
+therefore
+\change_unchanged
+always reset to the default font using the key binding
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
- or the dialog
+ or th
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598540
+e
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598540
+at
+\change_unchanged
+ dialog
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525596565
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598544
+
\family default
- (
+(
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525598549
+or
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525598549
+(
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525596575
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756578
+Custom Text Styles
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757241
+Custom text styles can be provided by the document class, a module (see
+ section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Modules"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+), or local layout settings (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Local-Layout"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ As the two builtin styles, they provide
+\emph on
+semantic
+\emph default
+ markup for specific functions.
+ For instance, \SpecialChar LyX
+ ships a
+\emph on
+Linguistics
+\emph default
+ module that provides, among other things, some custom text styles to markup
+ linguistic levels:
+\emph on
+expressions
+\emph default
+,
+\noun on
+concepts
+\noun default
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+meanings
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757806
+These styles can be found, if available, in the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Styles
+\family default
+ menu.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757245
+For the purpose of demonstration, we have loaded in this document the optional
+ module
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ that replicates and extends the two builtin styles.
+ By example of the emphasized style, we can see the differences in look
+ and feel (although the result in the typeset output is the same): while
+ the builtin
+\emph on
+emphasized style
+\emph default
+ appears as normal font change, the custom text style
+\begin_inset Flex Emph
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599318
+Emph
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ appears as an inset, with a label below that identifies its semantics.
+ This is the way all custom text styles look and feel like.
+ For instance, the three others from the module we have loaded are:
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599387
+Code
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Flex Strong
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599390
+Strong
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Flex Noun
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599392
+Noun
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that custom text styles might (as in the example) or might not emulate
+ on screen their formal appearance.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Fine-Tuning with the
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599470
+Fine-Tuning
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599472
+Tweaking
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599462
+Text
+\change_unchanged
+with the
\family sans
-Text Style
+Text
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756524
+Style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756526
+Properties
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- dialog
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599485
+d
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599485
+D
+\change_unchanged
+ialog
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are always occasions when you will need to do some fine-tuning; so
- \SpecialChar LyX
- gives you a way to create a custom character style.
+There are always occasions when you will need to do some
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599505
+formal
+\change_unchanged
+fine-tuning; so \SpecialChar LyX
+ gives you a way to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595143
+create a custom
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595144
+customize
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601741
+the properties of text passages
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525595163
+character style
+\change_unchanged
+.
For example, an academic journal or a corporation may have a style sheet
requiring a sans-serif font be used in certain situations.
Also, writers sometimes use a different font to offset a character's thoughts
from ordinary dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525595231
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we document how to use custom character style, we want to issue a
- warning yet again: Don't overuse character styles!
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757255
+If there are no custom text styles provided by the document class or a module
+ for this purpose (which is, as written above, generally the better way
+ of handling such issues), you often find yourself wanting to quickly tweak
+ the properties of the respective text passages.
+ That's where
+\emph on
+formal markup
+\emph default
+ comes in as a last resort.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Before we document how to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599696
+use custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599700
+tweak the text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, we want to issue a warning yet again: Don't overuse
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599715
+character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599716
+that
+\change_unchanged
+!
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use custom character styles, open the
+To
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599736
+use custom character styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599739
+tweak text properties
+\change_unchanged
+, open the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599762
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog or press the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
.
- There are several boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
- font property that you can choose.
+ There are several
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599782
+combo
+\change_unchanged
+boxes in this dialog, each corresponding to a different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599798
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599796
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ property that you can choose.
You can choose an option for one of these properties, or select
\family sans
No
\family default
, which keeps the current state of that property.
The item
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677079
+
\family sans
-Reset
+R
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677076
+Default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677077
+eset
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
will reset the property to whatever is the default.
You can use this to reset attributes across a bunch of different paragraph
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The font properties, and their options (in addition to
+The
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599868
+font
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599869
+text
+\change_unchanged
+ properties, and their options (in addition to
\family sans
No
\begin_inset space ~
change
\family default
and
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525677094
+
\family sans
Reset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677096
+Default
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
) are:
\end_layout
\family sans
)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607448
-\family sans
-Series
-\family default
- This corresponds to the print weight.
- Options are:
\end_layout
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
-Medium
-\family default
- This is the Medium font series.
- It's also the default series.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607495
+The general differences of these families are:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607451
\family sans
-Bold
+Serif
\family default
-
-\series bold
-This is the Bold font series.
+ fonts use characters with serifs.
+ These are the small
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series default
- (key binding
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-bold"
+appendices
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
-\end_layout
+ at the ends of the strokes that form the character.
+ The following example shows the difference:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+text with serifs
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+text without serifs
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Serifs facilitate quick and easy reading.
+ These fonts are therefore used as default (named
+\family sans
+roman
+\family default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Sans serif
+\family default
+ is not recommended for use as a base type.
+ This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
+ We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+
+\family sans
+Typewriter
+\family default
+ is a so called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+monospaced
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ font, which means every character has the same width; the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+i
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ is as wide as the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+m
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here is an example
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+no
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+typewriter text
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607513
+For more on phantoms see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Phantom-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+no typewriter text
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Series
+\family default
+ This corresponds to the print weight.
+ Options are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Medium
+\family default
+ This is the Medium font series.
+ It's also the default series.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+Bold
+\family default
+
+\series bold
+This is the Bold font series.
+
+\series default
+ (key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "font-bold"
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
\family sans
Shape
This
\shape default
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family sans
\shape italic
i
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599902
+
\family default
+i
+\change_unchanged
s the Italic font shape
\shape default
\emph on
Color
\family default
Alters the text color.
- Note that not all DVI-viewers are able to display colors.
+ Note that not all DVI
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599925
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599925
+-
+\change_unchanged
+viewers are able to display colors.
Besides
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599934
+
\family sans
+(Without)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599939
No
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
color
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
, which means that the document default color set in
\family sans
text
\family default
- is used, you can choose between
+ is used, you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599960
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525599960
+select
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525599974
+between
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
Black
\family default
\family default
This is used to mark regions of text as having a different language from
the language of the document.
- Text marked in this way will be underlined in blue to indicate the change
+ Text marked in this way will be underlined
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600006
+in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea
+\change_unchanged
+in blue to indicate the change
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600002
(only within \SpecialChar LyX
-).
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
) the German-marked text will be checked according to the German dictionary.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525677618
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you do not want text passages to be spellchecked, activate
+\family sans
+Exclude from Spellchecking
+\family default
+.
+ Passages marked like this will still be hyphenated correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
Size
\family default
Alters the size of the font.
- You will find no numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually
- proportional to the document font size.
+ You
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600033
+will
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600034
+won't
+\change_unchanged
+ find
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600037
+no
+\change_unchanged
+numerical values here; all possible sizes are actually proportional to the
+ document font size.
Once again, you don't feed \SpecialChar LyX
the details, but a general description of what
you want to do.
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600062
+
\family sans
Misc
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600065
+Underlining
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
- Here you can change a few other things at the character level.
- Options are:
+ Here you can
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600102
+change a few other things at the character level
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600112
+have text passages being underlined
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600240
+Avoid using underlining if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter
+ days, when you could not change fonts.
+ One no longer needs to emphasize text by underscoring characters.
+ This is only possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ because some people
+\emph on
+may
+\emph default
+ need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+
+\change_unchanged
+Options are:
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600074
+
\family sans
Emph
\family default
That means every document class can define its own font used for emphasized
text.
Normally this font is equal to italic.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600322
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600337
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use underlining.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600192
+
\family sans
Underbar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600193
+Single
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\bar under
-This is text with Underbar on.
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600212
+Single underlining
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600209
+Underbar
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\bar default
(key binding
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600236
+
\family default
Avoid using underbar if you can! It is a hangover from the typewriter days,
when you could not change fonts.
may
\emph default
need it in order to follow style sheets for journal submissions.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Double
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600261
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uuline on
-This is text with Double underbar on.
+This is text with Double under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600270
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600271
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uuline default
(key binding
\end_inset
)
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600282
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
As we just warned you against using underbar, you can imagine what we think
- about double underbar.
+ about double underbar
+\change_unchanged
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
\family sans
Wavy
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600285
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
underbar
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\uwave on
-This is text with Wavy underbar on.
+This is text with Wavy under
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600294
+bar
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600295
+lining
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\uwave default
(key binding
Use this only if a journal absolutely insists on it.
Keep antinausea pills handy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600130
+
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600169
+
\family sans
-Strikeout
+Strikethrough
+\family default
+ lets you strike-through text passages in two ways:
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600364
+
+\family sans
+(Without)
+\family default
+ Don't use strikethrough.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+
+\family sans
+S
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600378
+trike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+out
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600378
+ingle
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\strikeout on
-This is text with Strikeout on.
+This is text with
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600382
+Strikeout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601925
+Single strikethrough
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
\strikeout default
(key binding
\begin_layout Labeling
\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600394
+
+\family sans
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+ou
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600397
+With
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600398
+t
+\change_unchanged
+
+\family default
+
+\xout on
+This is text with
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525601941
+/-strikethrough
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525601943
+Cross out
+\change_unchanged
+ on.
+\xout default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This is used to make text hardly readable.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525757268
+In addition to all the formal markup described above, the dialog also provides
+ you access to the two builtin semantic text styles (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Builtin-Character-Styles"
+
+\end_inset
+
+):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600579
+
+\family sans
+Emphasized:
+\family default
+
+\emph on
+This is text with emphasize on
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
\family sans
Noun
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600548
+:
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
\noun on
This is text with Noun on.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600637
+
\noun default
Like
\family sans
Caps
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-So you have a huge number of combinations to choose from.
- Once you have chosen a new character style via the
+So you have a huge number of combinations to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600660
+choose
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600660
+select
+\change_unchanged
+ from.
+ Once you have
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600674
+chosen a new character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600725
+applied a text property
+\change_unchanged
+ via the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600703
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
(
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
-) dialog, the settings are saved.
- You can activate them by using the toolbar button
+) dialog, the settings are
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600733
+temporarily
+\change_unchanged
+saved.
+ You can activate the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600738
+m
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600745
+ last applied properties
+\change_unchanged
+ by using the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "textstyle-apply"
\end_inset
.
- The button lets you apply your custom character style even when the dialog
- isn't visible.
+ The button lets you apply
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600766
+your custom character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600778
+those
+\change_unchanged
+even when the dialog isn't visible.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905101
+ A press on the button will apply the most recent setting again, a press
+ on the down-arrow will open a menu with the (max.
+ 20) most recently applied settings, from which you can select one.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To completely reset the character style to the default, use
+To completely reset the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600787
+character style
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525600823
+text properties of a selection
+\change_unchanged
+ to the default, use
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917704
+ either
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545917700
+
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\end_inset
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545917733
+ or select
+\family sans
+Reset to default
+\family default
+ from the menu of the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
.
- If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed
- (suppose you just set the shape to
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600803
+If you want to toggle only those properties that you have just changed (suppose
+ you just set the shape to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Apply
\family default
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
You should also know something about the differences between the three main
font types
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Typewriter
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Serif
\family default
\begin_layout Itemize
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525607419
+
\family sans
Sans serif
\family default
is not recommended for use as a base type.
This font type is therefore often only used for headings and short texts.
We use it in this document to highlight menu names.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525600873
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
), no matter how many times you apply the style.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We conclude with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts!
- They are, more often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
+We conclude
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525607667
+this section
+\change_unchanged
+with the same warning once again: Do not overuse the fonts! They are, more
+ often than not, a kludge and a bad substitute for good writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! pstricks
+ packages ! pstricks
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
A viewing program will pop up showing the output in the defined default
- output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ output format, which is globally set in the preferences (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
) and can also be altered for single documents in the document settings
- (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- character comes in four lengths: the
+ symbol comes in four variants: the
\emph on
hyphen
\emph default
\emph on
em dash
\emph default
-, and the minus sign:
+, and the
+\emph on
+minus sign
+\emph default
+:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 0
+width "100col%"
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+On Mac and Linux, the en dash is entered with
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ and the em dash with
+\family sans
+Shift-Opt+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+-
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+ (
+\family sans
+Opt
+\family default
+ is the Mac label for the right
+\family sans
+Alt
+\family default
+key).
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row interlinespace="3mm">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+system key combination or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special
-\begin_inset space ~
+---
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Symbols
+ in text
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset VSpace defskip
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can alternatively generate the en and em dash by inserting the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
--
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- character multiple times in a row.
- They will automatically be converted to the appropriate length dash in
- the final output, but not in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- gives a en dash,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
--
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
--
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_layout Standard
+Dashes can also be inserted with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- a em dash.
+Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols
+\family default
+ or using the
+\family typewriter
+unicode-insert
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function with the Unicode code point as argument (2013 for the em dash
+ and 2014 for the en dash).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The three dash types are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in
- math mode and has a length of its own.
+Hyphen and dashes are distinct from the minus sign, which appears in math
+ mode and has a length of its own.
Here are some examples:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-From A–Z
+A–Z; pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+369–378
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
-Oh — there's a dash.
+The em dash is used without spaces: Oh—there's a dash.
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+See also the
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Wikipedia entry on dashes"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Dashes and Line Breaks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Whether line breaks before or after dashes are allowed depends on the use
+ case and locale, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, line breaks are generally allowed after the dash, but no line
+ break should occur if only a single character follows the dash (as in A–Z).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In English, dashes used to set off parenthetical statements should not start
+ a new line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+In French and Spanish, dashes around parenthetical statements are treated
+ similar to brackets: line breaks are not allowed on the inner side.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, dashes are output by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (-- and ---).
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ allows line breaks after hyphens
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782973
+,
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782983
+ and these
+\change_unchanged
+ en-dashes and em-dashes.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks before spaced en dashes
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– common in British English and generally recommended by
+\emph on
+The Elements of Typographic Style
+\emph default
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– can be prevented using protected spaces.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Unwanted line breaks
+\series bold
+after
+\series default
+ dashes
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782702
+must
+\change_deleted -1402925745 1558782715
+can
+\change_unchanged
+ be prevented by wrapping in a makebox
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+See section
+\emph on
+Prevent Hyphenation
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or preceding with
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\series default
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782753
+, a protected space does not suffice
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ Examples
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782332
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -1402925745 1558782431
+It is generally recommended to set the correct language for text parts not
+ in the document language.
+ We don't do this here to prevent a dependency on LaTeX support for French
+ and Spanish.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Pages
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+36–39
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises
+\begin_inset Box Frameless
+position "t"
+hor_pos "c"
+has_inner_box 1
+inner_pos "t"
+use_parbox 0
+use_makebox 1
+width ""
+special "none"
+height "1in"
+height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+–
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+En una frase
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+nobreakdash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+—un inciso con rayas— se escribe así.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+An incorrect line break is easily overlooked because
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– in contrast to an overfull line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– it does not trigger a warning in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ log.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you want to globally disable line breaks after dashes, you can select
+ the option
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks are still allowed after spaced dashes.
+ They can be prevented using protected spaces (without need for a makebox
+ or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code).
+ Example:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Les incises –
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+même si tout le monde ne les aime pas
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+– sont très utiles.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+Line breaks after unspaced dashes can be allowed via the menu
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Optional
+\change_deleted 1675569489 1580913043
+
+\change_inserted 1675569489 1580913043
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+line
+\change_deleted 1675569489 1580913068
+
+\change_inserted 1675569489 1580913068
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+break
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Em-dashes without spaces—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+common in American English—\SpecialChar allowbreak
+should be followed by
+ a line break opportunity.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This also allows hyphenation of the word following the dash (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+With this setting, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ hyphenates words also if immediately followed by em
+ or en dashes (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Hyphenation"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Changes and backwards compatibility
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Up to \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1, consecutive hyphen characters (-- and ---) in the LyX source were merged
+ to en or em dashes by LaTeX.
+ These
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ retain the line-break properties of hyphens while literal dash characters
+ are regarded by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
+\emph on
+non-breakable
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Since \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2, consecutive hyphens in the LyX source are exported to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in a way that
+ prevents ligation to dashes.
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ligature dashes
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in documents from earlier versions are converted to literal dash characters
+ (except in
+\family typewriter
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font); typed in consecutive hyphens are merged to dash characters immediately
+ after the input (unless the current text font is
+\family typewriter
+type
+\family default
+writer).
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The behavior was changed since
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx --help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ became
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+lyx –help
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in PDF, Postscript, and DVI output.
+ An unintended consequence of these changes was that all dashes were output
+ as non-breakable dashes.
+ This also resulted in changed line breaks in some older documents.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.3 outputs
+\emph on
+breakable
+\emph default
+ dashes by default.
+ When opening documents edited with \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 or earlier and containing literal dash characters not followed by whitespace,
+ the setting
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Fonts\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Disallow line breaks after dashes
+\family default
+ is active to prevent changes to the line breaks.
+\series bold
+Warning:
+\series default
+ If you used both literal and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+ligature
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ dashes in pre-\SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.2 documents, you may need to enable or prevent individual line breaks as
+ shown above to restore the correct line breaking behavior.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Hyphenation
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
following the rules of the document language.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ does not hyphenate text in the
+\family sans
+typewriter
+\family default
+ font and words immediately preceded or followed by hyphens or dashes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- as a hyphenation possibility.
- Hyphenating at this point would look ugly.
- To prevent the shortcut from being hyphenated, you can put it into a makebox
- as described in section
+ as a line break possibility.
+ A line break at this point would look ugly.
+ To prevent the shortcut from being broken, you can use a protected hyphen
+ (
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Protected Hyphen
+\family default
+) or put it into a makebox as described in section
\emph on
Prevent Hyphenation
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Quotes
+Quotation Marks
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Quotes
+Typography ! Quotation marks
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Quotes | see
+Quotation marks | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\SpecialChar LyX
- usually sets quotes correctly.
- Specifically, it will use an opening quote at the beginning of quoted text,
- and use a closing quote at the end.
+ usually sets quotation marks correctly.
+ Specifically, it will insert an opening mark at the beginning of quoted
+ text, and use a closing mark at the end.
For example,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
"
\family default
- key produces using the submenu
+ key produces by using the submenu
\family sans
Language
\family default
\end_inset
- dialog in the box
+ dialog and switching the
\family sans
Quote Style
\family default
-.
- There are six choices:
+ (note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ makes a sensible proposal for the selected main language).
+ There are 14
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+choices:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\noindent
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in the US)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes sld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes srd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes sld
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes sls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes srs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Sweden)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes gls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes grs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Germany)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes pld
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes prd
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes pls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes prs
+\end_inset
+
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Poland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-Text
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
\end_inset
\family default
- Use quotes like
-\begin_inset Quotes fld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes cld
\end_inset
-this
-\begin_inset Quotes frd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes crd
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes cls
+\end_inset
+
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes crs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Switzerland)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Labeling
-\labelwidthstring 00.00.0000
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-Text
+Outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
+
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
- Use quotes like
+ Produces
\begin_inset Quotes ald
\end_inset
-this
+these outer
\begin_inset Quotes ard
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes als
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ars
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-For single quotes you have to use the shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "quote-insert single"
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
+g., in Denmark)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Ligatures
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Ligatures
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ligatures | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
-Typography
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
-}
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes qrd
+\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes qls
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks (so-called plain or non-typographical quotation marks)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
\end_inset
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Ligatures"
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
- print them as single characters.
- These groups are known as
-\emph on
-ligatures
-\emph default
-.
- Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
- knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
- output.
- Here are the standard ligatures:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ff
-\end_layout
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fi
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Itemize
-fl
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes bld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffi
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes brd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-ffl
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes bls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes brs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
- While a ligature may be okay in the word,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-graffiti,
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in Great Britain)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
- it looks really weird in compound words, such as
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
-cufflink
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or the German
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Dorffest.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
- To break a ligature, use
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Ligature
-\begin_inset space ~
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
-Break.
\family default
- This changes
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes fld
\end_inset
-cufflinks
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes frd
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes fls
\end_inset
-cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-links
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes frs
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Dorffest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g., in France)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
\end_inset
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
\end_inset
-Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
-fest
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-\SpecialChar LyX
- and \SpecialChar LaTeX
- logos
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\SpecialChar LyX
- ! Proper names
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:LyX's-Proper-Names"
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes ild
+\end_inset
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes ird
\end_inset
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes ils
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes irs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Via
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Logos
-\family default
-, \SpecialChar LyX
- provides the following program logos with special formatting:
-\end_layout
+ quotation marks (another style common in France)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
- The name of the game.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Maybe you wonder why one does not simply use only outer marks in this case,
+ since these look identical to the inner marks.
+ The answer is that you cannot easily switch to another style then (where
+ the inner marks differ).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar TeX
- The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- The \SpecialChar TeX
- macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
- The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
\end_inset
-2
-\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
- world to give programs geek version numbers.
- For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
- converges to the number
-\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-: The actual version is
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.141592
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
\end_inset
-, the previous one was
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
\end_inset
-\SpecialChar TeX
--3.14159
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes rld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Units
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes rrd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Units
-\end_layout
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes rls
+\end_inset
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes rrs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+g., in Russia)
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
- space between two words.
- As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
- smaller.
- To get such a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
-half space
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+Outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
\end_inset
- for units use the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Thin
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Space
-\family default
- (shortcut
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "space-insert thin"
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-).
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example to show the differences:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-h
-\end_layout
+\family default
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes wld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes wrd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-24
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes wls
\end_inset
-kW
-\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes wrs
\end_inset
-h
+ quotation marks (another style common in Sweden)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-half space between number and unit
-\end_layout
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+\family sans
+
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Widows and Orphans
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\family default
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typography ! Widows and orphans
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
\end_inset
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes jld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes jrd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
- happened to end.
- There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
- For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
- of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
- of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
- These bits of text became known as
-\emph on
-widows
-\emph default
and
-\emph on
-orphans
-\emph default
-.
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Quotes jls
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
- can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
- That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
- But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
- of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
- built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
- governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
-ly to prevent widows and orphans.
- If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes jrs
\end_inset
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\series bold
+g., in Japan)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-widowpenalty=10000
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\backslash
-clubpenalty=10000
-\series default
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_layout Labeling
+\labelwidthstring <<Outer>> and <<inner>>:
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
\end_inset
-to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble of your document to avoid them.
- Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (such as
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\family sans
+Outer
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+\family sans
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- or
+and
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexguide"
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
\end_inset
-) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-'s page break mechanism.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Chapter
-Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
+\family sans
+inner
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
\end_inset
+ Produces
+\begin_inset Quotes kld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+these outer
+\begin_inset Quotes krd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes kls
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
- There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
-\end_layout
+these inner
+\begin_inset Quotes krs
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Section
-Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
+ quotation marks (as common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., in North Korea and China)
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Notes
+Note that these characters are just emulated with similar-looking math symbols
+ in many encodings that do not cover these glyphs.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Notes"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
-\end_layout
+Inner quotation marks
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_layout Description
-\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+In many writing cultures, these are single quotation marks.
+ But as the British and French styles show, this is not necessarily the
+ case (and specifically the British style shows that
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset space ~
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ does not necessarily mean
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+double
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status open
+).
+ This is why we call them
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
-\end_layout
+inner
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+ as opposed to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+outer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ quotation marks.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
- a \SpecialChar LaTeX
--comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
- via the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(xxx)
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ for quotations inside quotations (and other tasks in some languages, such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes els
\end_inset
+scare quotes
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Comment
-status open
+) can be obtained by means of the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "quote-insert inner"
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
--files.
+ and via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters
+\family default
+ menu.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+By default, the quotation mark styles are persistent.
+ That is to say, a quotation mark maintains the style that was current when
+ it was inserted, even if the document-wide style changes.
+ This allows you to enter marks of different style.
+ If you check the setting
+\family sans
+Use dynamic quotation marks
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Language
+\family default
+, however, special quotation marks will be inserted (in the LyX window,
+ they appear in a special color).
+ These marks will automatically adapt to the main style (and its changes).
+ Such quotation marks make it easy to alter the quotation mark style in
+ one step (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
+g., if your publisher requests a different style).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Greyed
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_layout Standard
+Individual quotation marks (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
- set in the document settings under
-\family sans
-Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Greyed-out
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+e., their level [inner, outer], side [opening, closing], and style) can be
+ easily switched by a context menu that pops up if you right-click on a
+ mark.
+\end_layout
-notes
-\family default
-.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Ligatures
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Ligatures
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is the text
-\begin_inset Foot
+Ligatures | see
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
- In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
- of a comment that appears in the output.
+Typography
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Ligatures"
+
\end_inset
-As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "note-insert"
-\end_inset
-
- or the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Note
-\family default
+It is standard typesetting practice to group certain letters together and
+ print them as single characters.
+ These groups are known as
+\emph on
+ligatures
+\emph default
.
- Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+ Since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ knows about ligatures, your documents will contain them too in the
+ output.
+ Here are the standard ligatures:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Footnotes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ff
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Footnotes
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+fl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffi
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+ffl
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Some languages uses other ligatures if the document font supports them.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes, you don't want a ligature in a word.
+ While a ligature may be okay in the word,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+graffiti,
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Footnotes"
+ it looks really weird in compound words, such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+cufflink
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ or the German
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+Dorffest.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-\SpecialChar LyX
- uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
-
+ To break a ligature, use
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Footnote
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "footnote-insert"
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Ligature
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-,
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-you will see
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- a box like this:
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/footnote.png
- scale 80
+Break.
+\family default
+ This changes
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+cufflinks
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your footnote.
- If you
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- left-click on
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+cuff\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+links
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family sans
-foot
-\family roman
+ and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Dorffest
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Dorf\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
+fest
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-label, the box will
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
- Clicking on the box label again will close
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-the
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- box
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-.
- If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
- and click on the footnote
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
- toolbar
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-button
-\family default
-\series default
-\bar default
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example footnote:
-\family roman
-\series medium
-\bar no
-
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Logos
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ ! Proper names
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
- position where the footnote box is placed.
- The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
- The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
- according to the document class.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
- schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
--commands.
- T
-\family roman
-h
+Via
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Characters\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Logos
\family default
-ey are described in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the following program logos with special formatting:
+\end_layout
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ The name of the game.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Marginal Notes
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ The typesetting engine used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Marginal notes
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ The \SpecialChar TeX
+ macro collection used by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LaTeX2e
+ The current version of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You might wonder why the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+2
+\begin_inset Formula $\epsilon$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+.
+ It is an old tradition in the \SpecialChar TeX
+ world to give programs geek version numbers.
+ For example the version number of \SpecialChar TeX
+ converges to the number
+\begin_inset Formula $\pi$
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
+: The actual version is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- When you insert a margin note via the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Marginal
-\begin_inset space ~
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.141592
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-Note
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "marginalnote-insert"
+, the previous one was
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-, you will see
-\family roman
-\series medium
-a
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-box with the
-\family default
-\series default
-
-\family roman
-\series medium
-label
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-margin
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-3.14159
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- appearing within your text.
- This box is \SpecialChar LyX
-'s representation of your margin
-\family default
-\series default
-al
-\family roman
-\series medium
-note.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
-\family roman
-\series medium
-
-\begin_inset Marginal
-status open
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Units
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\align left
-This is a marginal note.
+Typography ! Units
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
- In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
- pages, right on odd pages.
+Generally the space between units and the number is smaller than the normal
+ space between two words.
+ As you can see in the example below, it looks better when the space is
+ smaller.
+ To get such a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+half space
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for units use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Thin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "space-insert thin"
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For further information about marginal notes see the section
-\emph on
-Margin
+Here is an example to show the differences:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Notes
-\emph default
- in the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
\end_inset
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
+h
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Graphics and Images
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images
+space between number and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+24
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+kW
+\begin_inset Formula $\cdot$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Graphics
+h
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+half space between number and unit
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Graphics"
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
- you want and click on the toolbar icon
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Widows and Orphans
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
- or select
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Graphics
-\family default
- from the menu.
- Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Typography ! Widows and orphans
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
- The
-\family sans
-Graphics
-\family default
- tab allows you to choose your image file.
- The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
- factor.
- The scaling units are explained in Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Units-available-in"
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the early days of word processors, page breaks went wherever the page
+ happened to end.
+ There was no regard for what was actually going on in the text.
+ For example the heading for a new section was printed at the very bottom
+ of the page, the first line of a new paragraph all alone at the bottom
+ of a page, or the last line of a paragraph at the top of a new page.
+ These bits of text became known as
+\emph on
+widows
+\emph default
+ and
+\emph on
+orphans
+\emph default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
- it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
- of the image in the output.
- The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
-
-\family sans
-Get
-\begin_inset space ~
+Clearly, \SpecialChar LyX
+ can avoid breaking pages after a section heading.
+ That's part of the advantage of paragraph environments.
+ But what about widows and orphans, where the page breaks leave one line
+ of a paragraph all alone at the top or bottom of a page? There are rules
+ built into \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ governing page breaks, and some of those rules are there specifical
+ly to prevent widows and orphans.
+ If they appear nevertheless and you don't like them, you can add the commands
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-from
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-file
-\family default
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Clip
-\begin_inset space ~
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+widowpenalty=10000
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-to
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\backslash
+clubpenalty=10000
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-bounding
+to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble of your document to avoid them.
+ Some \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (such as
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-box
-\family default
- will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
- Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
- the tab
-\family sans
-Clipping
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the
-\family sans
-LaTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
-and
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-LyX options
-\family default
- tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
- experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
- options.
- In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
-.
- The option
-\family sans
-Draft
+ or
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-mode
-\family default
- has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
- with the image size is printed.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
- Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
- in the text.
- This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexguide"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+) have more information about the technical details of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s page break mechanism.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/mobius.eps
- scale 70
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "chap:Floats-and-Notes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
- the image into a float, see section
+The issues of this chapter are described in detail in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ There you will also find tips and tricks for special cases.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Image Formats
+\begin_layout Section
+Notes
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Images ! Formats
+Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Image-Formats"
+name "sec:Notes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can insert images in any known file format.
- But as we explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers you a few types of notes to add to your document:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_layout Description
+\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- therefore uses the program
-\family typewriter
-ImageMagick
-\family default
- in the background to convert the images to the right format.
- To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
- use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Note This note type is for internal notes that will not appear in the output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that doesn't appear in the output.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Bitmap
+Comment This note also doesn't appear in the output but it does appear as
+ a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment when you export the document to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ via the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
- They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
- Well-known bitmap image formats are
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+(xxx)
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Graphics Interchange Format
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Note Comment
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This is text in a note box that only appears as a comment in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-files.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- (GIF, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Greyed
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Out This note will appear in the output as text in a color which you can
+ set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Colors\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Greyed-out
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.gif
+notes
\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-)
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-GIF|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+This is the text
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+This is an example footnote within a greyed out note.
+ In this document the color of this note type is set to blue.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+ of a comment that appears in the output.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-Portable Network Graphics
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
- (PNG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+As you can see in the example, greyed out notes can have footnotes.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Notes are inserted with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "note-insert"
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.png
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note
\family default
+.
+ Right-click on the note box that appears to select the note type.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-)
+\begin_layout Section
+Footnotes
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PNG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+Footnotes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Footnotes"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ uses boxes to display footnotes: When you insert a footnote using the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
-, and
+,
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+you will see
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ a box like this:
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/footnote.png
+ scale 95
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your footnote.
+ If you
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ left-click on
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
+
+\family sans
+foot
+\family roman
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (JPG, file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+label, the box will
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ be opened and you can enter the footnote text into it.
+ Clicking on the box label again will close
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+the
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ box
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+.
+ If you want to turn existing text into a footnote, simply highlight it
+ and click on the footnote
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+ toolbar
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+button
+\family default
+\series default
+\bar default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example footnote:
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\bar no
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+To close a footnote, click on the footnote box label.
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpg
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The footnote will appear in the output as a superscript number at the text
+ position where the footnote box is placed.
+ The footnote text is placed at the bottom of the current page.
+ The footnote number is calculated by \SpecialChar LyX
+ according to the document class.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not yet support a particular numbering scheme, but you can get other
+ schemes using special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands.
+ T
+\family roman
+h
\family default
+ey are described in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Marginal Notes
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Marginal notes
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Marginal-Notes"
+
\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-.jpeg
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes look and behave just like footnotes in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ When you insert a margin note via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Note
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+, you will see
+\family roman
+\series medium
+a
+\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+box with the
\family default
+\series default
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+label
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+margin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-)
+ appearing within your text.
+ This box is \SpecialChar LyX
+'s representation of your margin
+\family default
+\series default
+al
+\family roman
+\series medium
+note.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+At the side of this sentence is an example marginal note.
+\family roman
+\series medium
+
+\begin_inset Marginal
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\align left
+This is a marginal note.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Marginal notes appear at the right side in single-sided documents.
+ In double-sided documents they appear in the outer margin – left on even
+ pages, right on odd pages.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For further information about marginal notes see the section
+\emph on
+Margin
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Notes
+\emph default
+ in the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Graphics and Images
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-JPG|see
-\begin_inset ERT
+Images
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Graphics
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Graphics"
+
+\end_inset
+
-{
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To insert an image in your document, place the cursor at the text position
+ you want and click on the toolbar icon
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
-Image formats
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+ or select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ from the menu.
+ Then a dialog will appear to choose the file to load.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+This dialog has numerous mostly self-explanatory parameters.
+ The
+\family sans
+Graphics
+\family default
+ tab allows you to choose your image file.
+ The image can be transformed by setting a rotation angle and a scaling
+ factor.
+ The scaling units are explained in Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-}
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Units-available-in"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+ it is possible to set image coordinates to adjust the height and width
+ of the image in the output.
+ The coordinates can also be calculated automatically by pressing the button
+
+\family sans
+Get
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+file
+\family default
+.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Clip
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+bounding
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+box
+\family default
+ will only print the image region within the given coordinates.
+ Normally you don't need to take care about image coordinates and can ignore
+ the tab
+\family sans
+Clipping
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+and
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+LyX options
+\family default
+ tab \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ experts can specify additional \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ options.
+ In this tab you can also specify the appearance of the image inside \SpecialChar LyX
.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Draft
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mode
+\family default
+ has the effect that the image doesn't appear in the output, only a frame
+ with the image size is printed.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Scalable
+\begin_layout Standard
+The graphics dialog can be called at any time by clicking on an image.
+ Images will appear in the output exactly at the position where they are
+ in the text.
+ This is an example image within a separate, horizontally centered paragraph:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/2D-intensity-plot.pdf
+ scale 70
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need image captions or want to reference images, you have to put
+ the image into a float, see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
- data loss.
- The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
- presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
- Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Figure-Floats"
+
\end_inset
-Scalable image formats can be
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Image Formats
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Images ! Formats
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Image-Formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can insert images in any known file format.
+ But as we explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, every output document format allows only a few image formats.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ therefore uses the program
+\family typewriter
+ImageMagick
+\family default
+ in the background to convert the images to the right format.
+ To increase your workflow by avoiding these conversions in the background,
+ use only the image formats listed in the subsections of section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Output-file-formats"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Similar to fonts there are two types of image formats:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Bitmap
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of pixel values, often in a compressed form.
+ They are therefore not fully scalable and look pixelated in large zooms.
+ Well-known bitmap image formats are
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Scalable Vector Graphics
+Graphics Interchange Format
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (SVG, file extension
+ (GIF, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.svg
+.gif
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-SVG|see
+GIF|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Encapsulated PostScript
+Portable Network Graphics
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (EPS, file extension
+ (PNG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.eps
+.png
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-EPS|see
+PNG|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Portable Document Format
+Joint Photographic Experts Group
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (PDF, file extension
+ (JPG, file extension
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
-.pdf
+.jpg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.jpeg
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-PDF
+JPG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- We say
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Scalable
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+images consist of vectors and can therefore be scaled to any size without
+ data loss.
+ The scaling ability is desired if you want to create presentations, because
+ presentations are always scaled by the beamer.
+ Scaling is also useful for online documents to let the user zoom into diagrams.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable image formats can be
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Scalable Vector Graphics
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (SVG, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.svg
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+SVG|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Encapsulated PostScript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (EPS, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.eps
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+EPS|see
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+Image formats
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, and
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Portable Document Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (PDF, file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+.pdf
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+PDF
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ We say
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
can be
\begin_inset Quotes erd
Table
\family default
.
- A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns.
+ A dialog will appear, asking you for the number of rows and columns
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288358
+, and you can select a specific (border) style
+\change_unchanged
+.
The default table has lines around any cell and the first row appears separated
from the rest of the table.
This separation appears due to a double line: The cells of the first row
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288479
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288540
+This corresponds to the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Grid with Head
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ table style listed in the style selection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288387
+Other available styles include:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288551
+A
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+simple grid
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ which looks line the above table, but without the first row being separated
+ via double line,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288764
+a border-less table with no lines at all,
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554289543
+and a so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+formal table
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ as often used in professional publishing with horizontal lines only and
+ bold top/bottom lines (see
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual, section
+\emph on
+Formal Tables
+\emph default
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288823
+The default style used in the dialog as well as the style used by the toolbar
+ button can be changed in
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text Layout
+\family default
+.
+ So if the default style above is not the one you need, you should alter
+ this setting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-The Table dialog
+Table Dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Longtables
+Multi-page Tables
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tables ! Longtables
+Tables ! Multi-page
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Longtables
+Multi-page tables
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-long
+multi-page
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
in the tab
\family sans
-Longtable
+Multi-page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
\family default
of the table dialog to split the table automatically over more pages.
Doing this enables some check boxes and you can now define:
\family default
: The current row and all rows above, that don't have any special options
defined, are defined to be the header rows of all pages of the longtable.
- except for the first page, if
+ Except for the first page, if
\family sans
First
\begin_inset space ~
Caption
\family default
.
- More about longtable captions can be found in the
+ More about multi-page table captions can be found in the
\emph on
Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+reference "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
- lyxscale 50
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 50col%
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus-distorted"
+name "fig:A-star-in"
\end_inset
-A severely distorted platypus in a float.
+A star in a float.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Platypus"
+reference "fig:Star"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/escher-lsd.eps
+ filename clipart/3D-structure-distort.pdf
+ lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\end_inset
\begin_inset Float figure
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Platypus"
+name "fig:Star"
\end_inset
-Platypus
+Star
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
- filename clipart/platypus.eps
+ filename clipart/Star-structure.pdf
lyxscale 60
width 45col%
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+name "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
-Two distorted images.
+Two images.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formulas | see
+Formulas|see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
, versus
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum\nolimits _{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}=e
\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
+placement document
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "AMS"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
A gray label box like this:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/label.png
- scale 85
\end_inset
A gray cross-reference box like this:
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/reference.png
- scale 85
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are six formats of cross-references:
+There are eight formats of cross-references:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
<reference>: prints the number, this is the default:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand pageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
<page>: prints the text “on page” and the page number:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vpageref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
<page>: prints the number, the text “on page” and the page number:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand vref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-) can be done with this command
+) can be done for
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ with this command:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-For more information about the format, have a look at the package documentations
-,
+Note that neither
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+ nor
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+predefines reference formats for all available types.
+ This is especially true for the wide variety of mathematical `theorem'
+ environments.
+ So if you want to make formatted references to, say, Propositions, then
+ you will need to define the relevant format yourself.
+ For
+\series bold
+prettyref
+\series default
+, you might do so as follows:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+newrefformat{prop}{Proposition
+\backslash
+ref{#1}}
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For more information about defining formatted references, have a look at
+ the package documentation
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "prettyref,refstyle"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+The options
+\family sans
+Plural
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Capitalized
+\family default
+ will be available with formatted references only if you are using the
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+ package.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
reference: prints the caption or the name of the reference:
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
-reference "fig:Two-distorted-images"
+reference "fig:Two-images"
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The number and current page of the referenced document part in the output
- is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_layout Description
+Label
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+only: prints only the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ label for the reference:
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand labelonly
+reference "fig:Two-images"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This allows for customization, using \SpecialChar TeX
+ Code, if you want to issue a command
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support.
+ If you are using
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+, then you may want to use the
+\family sans
+No
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Prefix
+\family default
+ option, which will output only the part of the reference following the
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ separator.
+ This is the form needed for e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+refstyle
+\series default
+'s range commands.The number and current page of the referenced document
+ part in the output is automatically calculated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
.
The varieties are adjusted in the field
\family sans
The Table of Contents (TOC) is inserted with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
+ listed in the TOC.
+ Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
+ of contents.
+ You can insert them via the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References
+\family default
+ submenus.
+ The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+URLs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Hyperlinks
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+URLs
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:URLs"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+URL
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
+'s homepage:
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://www.lyx.org
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
+ in the style
+\family typewriter
+Typewriter
+\family default
+.
+ To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
+ subsection.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\series default
+ URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Hyperlinks
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Hyperlink
+\family default
+ or with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "href-insert"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The appearing dialog has two fields:
+\family sans
+Target
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+.
+ The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
+ The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, an Email address like this:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "lyx-docs mailing list"
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
+type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or a link to a file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the hyperlink settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+\family sans
+Name
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
+ adding the prefix
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+run:
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to the link target.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
+ and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
+ To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
+ the text style dialog.
+ This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
+\family sans
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX's homepage"
+target "https://www.lyx.org"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The link text color can be changed, when the option
+\family sans
+Color links
+\family default
+ is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+PDF Properties
+\family default
+).
+ The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
+ option
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+urlcolor=blue
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+to the field
+\family sans
+Additional options
+\family default
+ in the PDF Properties dialog.
+\change_inserted -584632292 1588303457
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+
+\change_inserted -584632292 1588303474
+Counters
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Counters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Counters"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -584632292 1588304632
+One powerful feature of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is its ability to manage counters, like the one
+ for this section (
+\change_unchanged
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset counter
+LatexCommand value
+counter "section"
+value "0"
+vtype "arabic"
+lyxonly "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_inserted -584632292 1588304519
+).
+ Mostly, this is handled automatically, but there are times one wants to
+ modify counters directly.
+ This can be done in LyX using the counter inset, which is accessible from
+ the Insert menu.
+ This allows one to set a counter's value; to reset it (to zero); to add
+ to the value (or subtract from it, since the value added can be negative);
+ to save it; to restore the saved value; and to print the value.
+ These effects can also be limited to LyX itself.
+ And they will appear in HTML and DocBook output, as well as in LaTeX.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Appendices
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Appendix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Appendices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendices are created with the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Start
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Here
+\family default
+.
+ This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
+ as the appendix part of the book.
+ This part is marked with a red borderline.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
+ numbered with a capital Latin letter.
+ The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
+ and the subsection number.
+ All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
+ here two examples:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "chap:Units-available-in"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+; Appendix
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Bibliography"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
+ You can include a bibliography database, which is explained in sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, or you can insert the bibliography manually, using the paragraph environment
+
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+, which is described in the following section (but see also sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
+ this document, such as author-year citations, and if you have more than
+ a handful of references, then you should seriously consider
+\emph on
+
+\emph default
+using a bibliography database.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In order to demonstrate the difference between these two approaches, we
+ use two bibliographies in this document, a
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment and a database-generated bibliography.
+ As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
+ only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
+ In other words, the database approach relieves you, amongst other things,
+ from the burden to check which entries you have actually cited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+The Bibliography Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
+ with a number.
+ If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
+\family sans
+Key
+\family default
+ and a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+.
+ The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
+ entry.
+ Each entry needs to be given a unique key, which is one word consisting
+ of ASCII characters only.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ASCII means
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "this set"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set"
+literal "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ of characters:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and
+ we used
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+latexcompanion
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, a short form of its title, as the key.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+If you set a
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ for the entry, references to it will appear with this label instead of
+ the number of the entry.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the bibliography items settings dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the
+
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
+ containing the available citations.
+ Select one or more keys from the list and
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ them.
+ Then press
+\family sans
+OK
+\family default
+.
+ The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
+ If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
+ the reference.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Citation references appear in the output as the number or the label of the
+ bibliography entry with surrounding brackets.
+ Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Credits
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Have a look at the
+\family sans
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Companion Second Edition
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+-Team members are listed in the Credits:
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "lyxcredit"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also produce author-year or author-number citations, using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ In order to do so,
+\change_deleted -712698321 1555659455
+the label needs to be given the form
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Author(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Author A and Author B(Year)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+
+\emph on
+without
+\emph default
+ a blank between the author(s) and the opening parenthesis that delimits
+ the year.
+ Then, if you
+\change_unchanged
+select
+\family sans
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(BibTeX)
+\family default
+ in the document settings
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog under
+\family sans
+Bibliography\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Citation-Format"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660530
+.
+ Once you have done that, the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog has three input fields instead of the
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field:
+\family sans
+ Author Names
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Year
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+.
+ The first one takes the Author list as it should be displayed in the citation
+ reference, the second the year (without parentheses).
+ These two are madatory.
+ If there are multiple authors and you want to both refer to them as a full
+ list (
+\emph on
+Baker, Jones, and Williams
+\emph default
+) and in abrreviated form (
+\emph on
+Baker et al.
+\emph default
+)
+\change_unchanged
+,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660544
+ add the abbreviated form to
+\family sans
+Author Names
+\family default
+ and the full list to the optional
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ field.
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555659886
+If specified like this,
+\change_unchanged
+you can select between different author-year or author-number styles
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660646
+ in the
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ dialog, and if
+\family sans
+All Author Names
+\family default
+ is specified, toggling
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+All authors
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the citation dialog or the citation context menu will switch between
+ full and abbreviated list
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1555660793
+ Note that the author and year specified in the dialog are only used for
+ the citation references.
+ In the bibliography entry, author and year must be added manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
+ label via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paragraph
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Settings
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout-paragraph"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Bibliography databases
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Databases
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same references in different
+ documents.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
+ them.
+ Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
+ and reviews along with bibliographical information.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
+ entries.
+ You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
+ your working field in a database.
+ This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
+ the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
+ list for that document.
+ This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
+ you have cited.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The database is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bib
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, containing the bibliography in a special format.
+ The format is explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX-2"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ books (
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
+ special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
+ A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Wiki at
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two different approaches to use bibliography databases in a document.
+ Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ is the classic technique that has been the only way to use such databases
+ for a long time.
+ It is quite established and mature and there is a huge range of existing
+ styles available.
+ But it has its drawbacks, especially when it comes to more complex bibliographi
+c needs and support for specific languages and scripts.
+ Those are addressed by
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It reads the same database format than Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (although it has been significantly
+ extended beyond Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+'s scope)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Meaning: While
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ can handle any classic Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ database, Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ might conversely fail to correctly
+ handle databases that use specific
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+ features.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, but it uses a different framework to generate citations and references
+ from it.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To select if Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ should be used, set in the document settings (menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+)
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ under
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ the
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\family default
+ to a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or a
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ format.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To access a database via Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+.
+ A window will appear in which you can add one or more databases and select
+ a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\family sans
+ style
+\family default
+ file.
+ The option
+\family sans
+Add bibliography to TOC
+\family default
+ adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
+ In the
+\family sans
+Content
+\family default
+ drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
+ in the document or just the cited references.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1530969762
+ The
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ drop box lets you specify the encoding of the database(s), should this
+ differ from the encoding of the document.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style file is a text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+.bst
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
+ Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
+ provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
+ layout.
+ It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
+ for experts.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For information on how this is done, have a look at
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- describes how the level is adjusted that defines which section types are
- listed in the TOC.
- Unnumbered sections are not listed in the TOC.
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:List-of-Figures"
-
\end_inset
-
+ In this document we used the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style
+\family sans
+alphadin.bst
+\family default
+, which provides an alpha-numeric style in accordance with the German Standards
+ Institute (DIN).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Table, figure, listings and algorithm lists are very much like the table
- of contents.
- You can insert them via the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
-\family default
- submenus.
- The list entries are the float captions and the float number.
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-URLs and Hyperlinks
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Biblatex
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-URLs
+Bibliography ! Biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Hyperlinks
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-URLs
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:URLs"
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Links to web pages or email addresses can be inserted via the menu
+Accessing a database via
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ is almost identical to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+: Use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-URL
-\family default
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example URL: \SpecialChar LyX
-'s homepage:
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://www.lyx.org
-\end_layout
-
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You cannot change the style of the link text, the URL text will always be
- in the style
-\family typewriter
-Typewriter
+Bibliography
\family default
.
- To be able to format the URL text, use hyperlinks as explained in the next
- subsection.
+ In contrary to Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ you cannot select a
+\family sans
+style
+\family default
+ file
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045799
+ at this place
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ The other dialog options are the same as with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1531045867
+ As for the styles, note the following.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Note:
+biblatex
\series default
- URLs must not end with a backslash, otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
- errors.
-\end_layout
-
+ has two different style files: a bibliography style file (text file with
+ the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Hyperlinks
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Hyperlinks"
+\family sans
+.bbx
+\family default
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks can be inserted with the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Hyperlink
-\family default
- or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "href-insert"
+) controls how the bibliography entries will look like and a citation style
+ file (text file with the file extension
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
- The appearing dialog has two fields:
-\family sans
-Target
-\family default
- and
+
\family sans
-Name
+.cbx
\family default
-.
- The name is the printed text for the hyperlink.
- The hyperlink type can be a weblink like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, an Email address like this:
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "lyx-docs mailing list"
-target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's documentation"
-type "mailto:"
+) controls the look of the citation references in the text.
+ Usually such style files come in pairs and it makes sense to use matching
+ styles.
+ It is nevertheless possible to mix any citation style with any bibliography
+ style.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are not set in the
+\family sans
+Bib(la)TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-, or a link to a file.
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ dialog, but in the document settings.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can start applications via a hyperlink when you insert a weblink by
- adding the prefix
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-
+ However, in the dialog in the
\family sans
-run:
+Options
\family default
+ field, which is only visible if you use
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+, you can enter options that determine how the bibliography is printed (for
+ example how its heading will appear).
+ These options are described in detail in the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ manual,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Biblatex"
+literal "true"
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to the link target.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Hyperlinks will automatically be hyphenated if necessary in the PDF output,
- and become clickable in the DVI and PDF-output.
- To set the format of the link text, highlight the hyperlink inset and use
- the text style dialog.
- This is for example a hyperlink with bold sans serif text:
-\family sans
-\series bold
+Inserting a citation reference works as described in section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX's homepage"
-target "http://www.lyx.org"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Bibliography Processors
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The link text color can be changed, when the option
+To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
+ uses a bibliography processor,
+ that is an external program that reads the database, sorts the citations
+ and processes the data in a way it can be included in the document.
+ The classic program is called Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ It has the advantage that it is very mature and widespread, but the disadvantag
+e that it has severe limitations, due to its age.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Meanwhile, some alternatives have been developed that address some of these
+ limitations.
+ LyX natively supports some of them and lets you select a custom processor.
+ You can do this on a general level in
\family sans
-Color links
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
- is set in the PDF Properties dialog (menu
+ or for individual documents in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-PDF Properties
-\family default
-).
- The link text is for example set in this document to blue by adding the
- option
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-urlcolor=blue
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-to the field
-\family sans
-Additional options
+Bibliography
\family default
- in the PDF Properties dialog.
+.
+ The following variants are available by default:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Appendices
+\begin_layout Description
+biber a specific, modern processor
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Appendix
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biber
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ developed exclusively for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ (it does not work with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+!).
+
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory and many specific features
+
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ makes use of; if you use the
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ approach, it is strongly recommended to use
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Appendices"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
+ that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
+ with all bibliography packages, although it will probably fail with
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies due to the limited memory.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding
+ (but no Unicode support), larger memory than
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+, works with all bibliography packages, although more complex
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ bibliographies will exceed its limits, and not all
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ features are supported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendices are created with the menu
+By default (with the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ set in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Start
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Here
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bibliography
\family default
-.
- This menu sets the document from the current cursor position to the end
- as the appendix part of the book.
- This part is marked with a red borderline.
+ and with
+\family sans
+Automatic
+\family default
+ as setting for the
+\family sans
+Processor
+\family default
+ in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+), \SpecialChar LyX
+ selects an appropriate (available) processor for the current bibliography
+ approach (
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+ for
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+,
+\family sans
+bibtex
+\family default
+ for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based bibliography styles).
+ This should suit most needs.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Every chapter (or section) within the appendix part is treated as an appendix,
- numbered with a capital Latin letter.
- The appendix subsections are numbered with this letter followed by a dot
- and the subsection number.
- All appendix sections can be referenced as if they were normal sections,
- here two examples:
+In Japanese documents, a specific processor is used.
+ By default this is pBib\SpecialChar TeX
+ (in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+pbibtex
+\family default
+), a Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ variant specifically aimed at Japanese.
+ You can adjust it in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Credits"
-
-\end_inset
+Selected bibliography processors can be controlled with options that you
+ can add below the selection.
+ Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
+ of Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or
+\series bold
+biber
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "BibTeX,biber"
+literal "true"
-; Appendix
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Export"
-
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Customizing
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports some specific tasks such as sectioned bibliographies and multiple
+ bibliographies.
+ These are explained in detail in section
+\emph on
+Customizing Bibliographies
+\emph default
+
+\emph on
+with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ or Biblatex
+\emph default
+ of the
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Bibliography
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Citation Format
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography
+Bibliography ! Citation format
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Bibliography"
+name "subsec:Citation-Format"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are two ways of generating the bibliography in a \SpecialChar LyX
--document.
- You can include a bibliography database,
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+Many different citation formats are common, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Known under the name
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+numerical citation (as
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- database
+1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
-
+ like in this document), alpha-numerical citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- which is explained in the next subsection, or you can insert the bibliography
- manually, using the paragraph environment
-\family sans
-Bibliography
-\family default
-, which was described in section
-\begin_inset space ~
+Mil08
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Biblio_environment"
-
+) or author-year citations (as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-.
- If you want anything other than the numerical citations that are used in
- this document, like author-year citations, then you must
-\emph on
-
-\emph default
-use a bibliography database.
-\end_layout
+Miller (2008a)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Subsection
-The Bibliography Environment
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports these formats via specific citation packages and their style
+ files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within the
+By default a simple numeric citation style is used.
+ In
\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Bibliography
\family default
- environment, every paragraph begins with a gray bibliography box labeled
- with a number.
- If you click on it, you will get a dialog in which you can set a
-\family sans
-Key
-\family default
- and a
-\family sans
-Label
-\family default
-.
- The key is the symbolic name by which you will refer to this bibliography
- entry.
- For example, our second entry in the bibliography is a book about \SpecialChar LaTeX
- and
- we used
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-latexcompanion
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-, a short form of its title, as the key.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Document ! Settings
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can cross-reference a bibliography entry using the menu
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Citation
-\family default
- or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
-.
- A citation reference box is inserted and a citation window will appear
- containing the available citations.
- Select one or more keys from the list and
+ you have a range of other options, depending on your preferred bibliography
+ approach.
+ With the
\family sans
-Add
+Bibliography
\family default
- them.
- Then press
+ environment your only choice besides manual formatting of the bibliography
+ labels, is there to use
\family sans
-OK
-\family default
-.
- The citation reference box will be labeled with the referenced key(s).
- If you click on the box, the citation window will appear and you can change
- the reference.
-\end_layout
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Citation references appear in the output as the number of the bibliography
- entry with surrounding brackets.
- If you set a
-\family sans
-Label
+(BibTeX)
\family default
- for the entry, the label will appear instead of the number.
- Here are two examples; the first without a label, the second with the label
+\series bold
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Credits
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\series default
+as
+\family sans
+Style
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at the
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
- Companion Second Edition
+format
\family default
-:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "latexcompanion"
+ which gives you author-year and author-numerical citations (see above
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Bibliography-Environment"
\end_inset
-
+ for details).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The \SpecialChar LyX
--Team members are listed in the Credits:
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "lyxcredit"
+With a bibliography database (see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
\end_inset
-
+) one has in contrary to the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ environment full access to the formatting styles.
+ These style formats are available:
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To align all entries in the bibliography environment you can set a longest
- label via the menu
-\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Paragraph
+\begin_layout Description
+Basic
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Settings
-\family default
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Info
-type "icon"
-arg "layout-paragraph"
-\end_inset
-
-).
- All entries are then indented in the output by the width of the given label.
+(BibTeX) the default Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+-based approached without any additional packages
+ (simple numeric citations).
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Bibliography databases (Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-)
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Databases
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-
+ and lets you select a style in the dropdown boxes
+\family sans
+Biblatex citation style
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Biblatex bibliography style
+\family default
+ below.
+ Options to the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ can be entered in the
+\family sans
+Options
+\family default
+ field.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Biblatex
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "subsec:Bibliography-databases"
+mode) loads the package
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ with the natbib compatibility mode.
+ This is a specific variant for users who switch an existing document that
+ uses
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ or want to emulate
+\family sans
+the
+\family default
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
+ behavior very closely.
+ Compared to normal
+\family sans
+Biblatex
+\family default
+ this option has some additional styles.
+ All
+\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+ styles are also supported by this variant.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Jurabib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+jurabib
+\series default
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliography databases are useful if you use the same bibliography in different
- documents.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-They are also useful for keeping a database of articles and notes concerning
- them.
- Most of the database programs mentioned below allow you to store annotations
- and reviews along with bibliographical information.
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
- It also makes it very easy to have a uniform layout for all bibliography
- entries.
- You can collect the bibliography of all relevant books and articles of
- your working field in a database.
- This database can be used for different documents, and by default only
- the entries cited in a particular document will appear in the bibliography
- list for that document.
- This relieves you of the need to keep track of which articles and books
- you have cited.
+ which provides author-year styles particularly suited for law studies.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The database is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\family sans
-.bib
-\family default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-, containing the bibliography in a special format.
- The format is explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX-2"
-
+\begin_layout Description
+Natbib
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- and in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
- books (
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Mittelbach,Kopka,Lamport"
-
-\end_inset
+(BibTeX) loads the package
+\series bold
+natbib
+\series default
-).
- The file can be created using any text editor, but normally one uses a
- special program to create and edit the entries in the database.
- A list of such programs is maintained on the \SpecialChar LyX
- Wiki at
-\begin_inset Flex URL
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Programs
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+ which provides citation styles particularly suited for the humanities.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use a database, use the menu
+The
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List
+Biblatex
\family default
-/
+ and
\family sans
-TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
-BibTeX
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Bibliography
+Natbib
+\family default
+ style formats provide the choice between author-year and author-numerical
+ citation styles.
+ You have to select one style in the dropdown box
+\family sans
+Variant
\family default
.
- A gray box will be inserted and a window appears.
- In this window you can add one or more databases and select a
+ Note that for the
\family sans
-style
+Biblatex
\family default
- file.
- The option
+ formats, this only affects the appearance in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ workarea.
+ Whether the output uses numerical, author-year or another format such as
+ alpha-numerical depends only on the selected
\family sans
-Add bibliography to TOC
+Biblatex citation style
\family default
- adds a table of contents entry for the bibliography.
- In the
+.
+ However, when switching between Author-year and Author-number, a suitable
+ style is proposed.
+ With
\family sans
-Content
+Natbib
\family default
- drop box you can select whether to include all the entries in the database
- in the document or just the cited references.
+, on the other hand, the dialog selection will ultimately determine the
+ style.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The style file is a text file with the file extension
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
+For any author-year and author-numerical selection, multiple style variants
+ are available in the
\family sans
-.bst
+Citation
\family default
+ dialog.
+ Some selections also provide further options like the option to uppercase
+ a name prefix such as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+van Beethoven
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that controls how the bibliography entries will appear.
- Your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- distribution should provide several of these, and many publishers
- provide their own style files, so that you don't have to take care of the
- layout.
- It is of course possible to write your own style file, but this is something
- for experts.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-For information on how this is done, have a look at
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+ (to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+Van Beethoven
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib/doc/btxhak.pdf"
-
+) or to expand or reduce the number of displayed others (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-.
-\end_layout
+e.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+use or don't use
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+et al.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+).
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Inserting a citation reference works as described in the previous section.
-\end_layout
+In the citation dialog you can also set text to appear after a citation
+ reference, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-To generate the bibliography from a database, \SpecialChar LyX
- uses the program Bib\SpecialChar TeX
-.
- You can choose which of its variants should be used by \SpecialChar LyX
- as the
-\family sans
-Processor
-\family default
- either in
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
-\family default
- or in
-\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Output\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX
-\family default
-.
- The following variants are possible:
-\end_layout
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-biber provides full Unicode support, unlimited memory, but does not work
- with other bibliography packages (e.
+page numbers, which will then be formatted according to the style's needs
+ (e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
+with or without
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-natbib
-\series default
-), only with the package
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\series default
-; recommended for multilingual texts and for languages that don't use Latin
- letters
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex the standard; does not allow special characters in bibliography entries
- that are not possible to encode in a 7-bit encoding, limited memory, works
- with all bibliography packages, except
-\series bold
-biblatex
-\end_layout
+pp.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Description
-bibtex8 allows all characters that are possible to encode in an 8-bit encoding,
- larger memory than
+).
+ The option
\family sans
-bibtex
+Literal
\family default
-, works with all bibliography packages
-\end_layout
+ in the citation dialog allows to input \SpecialChar TeX
+ code to the fields
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- can be controlled with options that you can add below the specification
- of the variants.
- Before adding options, it is strongly recommended that you read the manual
- of
+before
+\family default
+ and
\family sans
-Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+after
\family default
-
+.
+ Here is a simple example where the text
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Chapter
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ appears after the reference:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Quote
+Have a look at
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "BibTeX"
+after "Chapter 3"
+key "latexcompanion"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When you select the option
-\family sans
-Sectioned bibliography
-\family default
- in the
+All styles except for
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bibliography
+Basic (BibTeX)
\family default
- dialog, it is possible to have multiple and sectioned bibliographies.
- This and other options are explained in detail in section
-\emph on
-Customizing Bibliographies
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-with Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ also provide the feature to add text that precedes the reference (such
+ as
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional Features
-\emph default
- manual.
+cf.
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This text is then also included in the parentheses, if the style requires
+ this.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We use two bibliographies in this document to show the difference between
- the two methods of creating them.
- As you can see, the bibliography that is created from a database lists
- only the database entries that are referenced in the document.
- We used the style file
+Note that these pre- and postnotes apply to the whole citation.
+ So if you refer to multiple references at once, the prenote will precede
+ the first citation in the list, the postnote will follow the last.
+ Some
\family sans
-alphadin.bst
+Biblatex
\family default
- to get the complicated German reference key scheme in the bibliography.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Citation Format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bibliography ! Citation format
-\end_layout
-
+ styles allow to add pre- and postnotes to any individual reference in a
+ multi-citation (so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+qualified citation lists
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the citation reference dialog you can set a special citation format.
- For this feature you need to enable the option
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports this.
+ If you use such a style and if the current reference includes multiple
+ items the
\family sans
-Natbib
+Citation
\family default
- in the
+ dialog will display three columns in the field
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Settings
+Selected Citations
\family default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Document ! Settings
-\end_layout
-
+:
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- dialog under
-\family sans
-Bibliography
+before
\family default
-.
- Setting a citation style for a reference will overwrite the default.
- For the global citation format use the Bib\SpecialChar TeX
- style files as explained in
- the previous section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can also set text to appear before or after a citation reference, in
- the citation reference window.
- Here is an example where the text
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+,
+\family sans
+Cite
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Chapter
+key
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-3
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+after
+\family default
+.
+ If you double-click on an item's
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- appears after the reference:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Have a look at
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-after "Chapter 3"
-key "latexcompanion"
-
+before
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+after
+\family default
+ field, you can add such individual pre- and postnotes.
+ In the
+\family sans
+General text before
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+General text after
+\family default
+ fields you can add pre- and postnotes that apply to the whole list.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
The index list is inserted in the document with the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Index
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide,latexbook"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
See the next subsection for an example.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-In some cases the index entry order is not correct when you are using the
- program
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
-to generate the index (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Index-Program"
-
-\end_inset
-
-).
-
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- would for example print the index entry for the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--package aeguill in sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Document-Font"
-
-\end_inset
-
- after the index entries of the other \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages although all these index
- commands start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages !
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- The reason is that the index entry for aeguill is in a footnote.
- To fix this
-\family sans
-makeindex
-\family default
- bug, add these commands to the preamble of your document:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-let
-\backslash
-OrgIndex
-\backslash
-index
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand*{
-\backslash
-index}[1]{
-\backslash
-OrgIndex{#1}}
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Index Entry Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
\family sans
makeindex
\family default
-to generate the index, see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+to generate the index, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
LatexCommand cite
after "p. 678 ff."
key "latexcompanion"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "makeindex-man,xindy"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! splitidx
+ packages ! splitidx
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
list in
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-List/TOC
+List/Contents/References
\family default
and the
\family sans
\begin_layout Itemize
By right-clicking on an index, you can change its type.
Furthermore, you can specify an index to be a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Subindex.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
+Subindex
+\family default
+.
If you do that, the heading of that list will be decreased by one level.
For example, if you use a book class, where the standard index heading
is defined as a chapter, subindexes will be defined as sections and can
thus be nested to the non-subindexes.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ allows to use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code in the name of the index.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Nomenclature/Glossary
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! nomencl
+ packages ! nomencl
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- You have to enter valid \SpecialChar LaTeX
--code for all fields of the nomenclature dialog.
+ To use \SpecialChar TeX
+ code for nomenclature entries the option
+\family sans
+Literal
+\family default
+ in the nomenclature dialog has to be used.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Symbol
\family default
field as \SpecialChar LaTeX
--formulas.
+ formulas.
For example to get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
(A short introduction to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
--syntax is given in section
+ syntax is given in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-should appear in nomenclature entries they need to be escaped by adding
- a quote character in front of them.
+should appear in nomenclature entries containing \SpecialChar TeX
+ code they need to be escaped
+ by adding a quote character in front of them.
\begin_inset CommandInset nomenclature
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "\"@, \"|, \"!, \"\""
-description "The quote sign is output by writing ‘ \"\"\"\" '"
+description "The quote sign in TeX code is output by writing ' \"\" '."
+literal "true"
\end_inset
LatexCommand nomenclature
symbol "a"
description "dummy entry for the character \"a\""
+literal "false"
\end_inset
prefix "sigma"
symbol "$\\sigma$"
description "dummy entry for the character \\textsf{sigma}"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- are automatically translated for some document languages.
- If not, add these lines to your \SpecialChar LaTeX
- preamble:
+ are automatically translated for most document languages.
+ If not, add these lines in front of the nomenclature list as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
\backslash
-eqdeclaration}[1]{, see equation
+unskip, see equation
\backslash
nobreakspace(#1)}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+renewcommand*{
\backslash
-pagedeclaration}[1]{, page
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size small
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\size default
+
+\backslash
+unskip, page
\backslash
nobreakspace{}#1}
-\series default
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If the numbers should be hyperlinks, assure that you use
+\family sans
+Hyperref
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Support
+\family default
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+PDF
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Properties
+\family default
+ and use instead:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+eqdeclaration}[1]{
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-and replace
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-see equation
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+
+\backslash
+unskip, see
+\backslash
+hyperlink{equation.#1}{equation
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}(#1)}}
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-page
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- by their translation.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
To print the nomenclature, use the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Lists/TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+List/Contents/References\SpecialChar menuseparator
Nomenclature
\family default
.
\begin_layout Standard
-\family roman
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
+AtBeginDocument{
+\backslash
+addto
+\backslash
+captionsenglish{
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+nomname{List of Symbols}}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When you are using another document language than English, replace
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+captionsenglish
+\series default
+ by
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-nomname}{List of Symbols}
+extras***
+\series default
+, where *** is the name of the language used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "nomencl,makeindex"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Question
+inverted 0
status open
\begin_layout Standard
-Question: Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
+
+\series bold
+Question:
+\series default
+ Who was the first physics Nobel prize winner?
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 0
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
-Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
+
+\series bold
+Answer:
+\series default
+ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
\end_layout
\end_inset
if both branches were active.
This helps you to export different versions of your document easily.
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are also inverted branch insets, whose content is output just in case
+ the branch is
+\emph on
+not
+\emph default
+ activated.
+ This make it easy to add alternative text for different versions of a document.
+ To control whether a particular inset is inverted, right-click on the inset
+ button and choose
+\family sans
+Invert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Inset
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 1
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+No answer:
+\series default
+ Because the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Answer
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ branch is deactivated.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Question
+inverted 0
status open
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Branch Answer
+inverted 0
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! hyperref
+ packages ! hyperref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "hyperref"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
Code.
Incomplete means that the command argument can be Standard \SpecialChar LyX
text.
- For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word and are therefore
- using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ For example, if you want to draw a frame around a word
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The LyX way would be to use a framed box.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and are therefore using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/ERT.png
- scale 89
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Catalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! caption
+ packages ! caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "caption"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "latexcompanion,latexguide"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage cleardoublepage
+\begin_inset Newpage clearpage
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+
+\emph on
Custom Header/Footerlines
+\emph default
+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-styles:
+environments:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Standard
for the different positions in the header/footer.
+ These environments can be selected in the environment pull-down box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
The running header is above the text, and the footer is below (including
footnotes).
Headers/footers typically contain things like the page number, title of
- the chapter, company logo but your can use almost anything, except of floats.
+ the chapter, company logo but you can use almost anything, except of floats.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To define your header line, add all three header styles.
- The things you add to the styles appear on odd numbered pages, the things
- in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
+To define your header line, add all three header environments.
+ The things you add to each environment appear on odd numbered pages, the
+ things in the optional arguments on even numbered pages.
For single-sided documents, the optional arguments will not be used and
can be omitted.
- If you leave a style or its argument empty, nothing appears in the output.
+ If you leave a header environment or its argument empty, nothing appears
+ in the output.
Defining the footer line works similarly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The header and footer will appear on normal pages.
Some pages are different.
- The title page has a style of its own, and so does any page that starts
- a new part or chapter in your book.
+ The title page has a header/footer environment of its own, and so does
+ any page that starts a new part or chapter in your book.
Such pages will not have the custom headers/footers, but that is normal.
There is for example no need to print a header with the chapter name on
the chapter page where the chapter heading is in big bold letters anyway.
\begin_layout Standard
where thickness is a size in standard units like
\family sans
+\emph on
pt
\family default
+\emph default
or
\family sans
+\emph on
mm
\family default
+\emph default
.
If you don't want a line, set the thickness to 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Mittelbach"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In case you need more than one text line as a header/footer, you can do
- this by adding a normal line break in the style definition.
- However, the default height of the header/footer is only the one of one
- text line.
+ this by adding a ragged line break in the style definition.
+ However, the default height of the header/footer is only the height of
+ one text line.
To expand the height, redefine the \SpecialChar LaTeX
length
\series bold
\backslash
footheight
\series default
- in this entry in
+ with this entry in
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-where height is a size in standard units.
- If you don't know which amount of space is needed for the height, define
- your header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
+where
+\series bold
+height
+\series default
+ is a size in standard units (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+1cm
+\series default
+).
+ If you don't know how much space is needed for the height, define your
+ header/footer and preview your document as a PDF.
Then open the \SpecialChar LaTeX
logfile with the menu
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
-LaTeX Log
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Log
\family default
and use the button
\family sans
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! fancyhdr
+ packages ! fancyhdr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "fancyhdr"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! preview-latex
+ packages ! preview-latex
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
When searching for a formula, it is found both when it is alone and when
it occurs in sub-formulas and nested parts of sub-formulas.
For example the mentioned segments would be found in something like
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}.$
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{1+x^{2}}}}$
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+target "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/hunspell/
\end_layout
\end_inset
should use for spell checking.
Depending on your platform,
\family typewriter
-aspell
-\family default
-,
-\family typewriter
hunspell
\family default
or
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+target "https://lingucomponent.openoffice.org/thesaurus.html"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.idx
+th_en_US_v2.idx
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-th_en_EN_v2.dat
+th_en_US_v2.dat
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
If you want to install new\SpecialChar breakableslash
further thesaurus dictionaries, you can downloaded
them from here:
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Flex URL
-status open
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://www.lyx.org/trac/browser/lyxsvn/dictionaries/trunk/thes/
+https://sourceforge.net/projects/lyxwininstaller/files/thesaurus/
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1577206802
To show the changes made in the output you need the \SpecialChar LaTeX
package
\series bold
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! dvipost
+ packages ! dvipost
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "TeXCatalogue"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
or in the package manager of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
-system.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
to use them:
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Arabic,Armenian,Farsi,Hebrew,Latvian,Lithuanian,Mongolian,Vietnamese"
+key "Arabic,Armenian,Cyrillic,Farsi,Hebrew,Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
This menu entry prompts you for a template to use.
Selecting a template will automatically set certain layout features for
the document, features you would otherwise need to change manually.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553353209
+ Furthermore, templates can provide text structures and fragments for recurring
+ writing tasks.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Click there on a file to open it.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352812
+Open Example
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352848
+This menu entry gives you quick access to all \SpecialChar LyX
+ example files.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Close
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Saves the actual document under a new name to create a copy.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352868
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352875
+Save As Template
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352904
+Saves the document in the appropriate templates directory for later use
+ as a template.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-DVI DVI-format that also allows the useage of special characters or spaces
+DVI DVI-format that also allows the usage of special characters or spaces
in files paths or file names
\end_layout
PostScript format using the program
\family typewriter
dvips
+\family default
+; for possible
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ options see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:General-output"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Text Style
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525756612
Described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Layout
\family default
dialog.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756614
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Table
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756624
+Text Properties
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This menu only appears if the cursor is inside a table.
- It allows you to create multicolumn and multirow cells, add or remove borders
- of a cell and to set the vertical alignment of the cell.Table Settings and
- Math
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+This sub-menu provides several ways to customize the appearance of text
+ passages.
+ You can
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-These two menus are only fully active if the cursor is inside a table or
- a formula.
- Here you can change the properties of tables and formulas.
- The properties of tables are described in section
+\begin_layout Enumerate
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756657
+Customize text properties by means of the
+\family sans
+Text Properties
+\family default
+ dialog (via
+\family sans
+Customize\SpecialChar ldots
+
+\family default
+; this is described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Tables"
+reference "subsec:Fine-Tuning-with-the"
\end_inset
-, the properties of formulas in chapter
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+)
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "chap:Mathematical-Formulas"
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756942
+Apply the last settings done in this dialog via
+\family sans
+Apply last settings
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Enumerate
-.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756615
+Change the casing of selected text (
+\family sans
+Capitalize
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Uppercase
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Lowercase
+\family default
+)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Increase/Decrease List Depth
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756641
+Custom Text Styles
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only active if the cursor is in an environment that can
- be nested.
- They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525756787
+This sub-menu only appears the document class or a module provides custom
+ text styles (in the case of this document:
+\family sans
+Code
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Emph
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Noun
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Strong
+\family default
+, provided by the
+\family sans
+Logical Markup
+\family default
+ module).
+ See section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Nesting"
+reference "subsec:Custom-Character-Styles"
\end_inset
- and
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+ for details.
+\change_unchanged
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Table and Rows & Columns
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus only appear if the cursor is inside a table.
+ It allows you to create multicolumn and multirow cells, add or remove borders
+ of a cell and to set the alignment of the cell.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+Dissolve Inset
+\end_layout
-\family sans
-Start New Environment/Start New Parent Environment
+\begin_layout Standard
+This menu only appears if the cursor is inside an inset.
+ It will dissolve this inset.
+ This means that the inset is deleted and its content is left as normal
+ text.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Settings or Math
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-These menus are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive environme
-nts of the same type.
- See section
+This menu is only active if the cursor is inside an inset or a formula.
+ Here you can change the properties of the inset or the formula.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Increase/Decrease List Depth
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menus are only active if the cursor is in an environment that can
+ be nested.
+ They increase/decrease the environment nesting level as explained in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+reference "sec:Nesting"
\end_inset
- for an explanation.
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Numbering-depth"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this menu entry you can set the appearance of the different toolbars.
+In this menu entry you can set the icon size and the appearance of the different
+ toolbars.
All toolbars and the
\family sans
Command
Symbols
\family default
dialog because none of the screen fonts that you can set in the preferences
- dialog (see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ dialog (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! tipa
+ packages ! tipa
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Optional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Break Inserts a line break point (zero-width space character) that is invisible
+ in the output.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Dashes-and-line-breaks"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for a usage example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Description
Ragged
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-List/TOC
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459357
+Field
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533459959
+Here you can insert fields holding specific information.
+ The submenu allows you to insert
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460018
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current date (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460347
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the date of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647074
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static date that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647089
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Current) inserts the current time (which will automatically update itself)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647093
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Last
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Modification) inserts the time of the last file modification (time of last
+ save)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647133
+Time
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Fix) inserts a static time that will not change.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647170
+File
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(Excl.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Extension) inserts the name of the current file (without the extension .lyx)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647240
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Name inserts the user name as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533647259
+User
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Email inserts the user email address as specified in
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Identity
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1533460561
+Other\SpecialChar ldots
+ opens a dialog that lets you insert alternative formats of the three
+ date types listed above and insert a range of other information.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+List/Contents/References
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Such insets only exist if they are defined in the layout file for a certain
document class.
An example is the document class
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354540
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-article (Elsevier)
+article (
+\change_unchanged
+
+\emph on
+Elsevier
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354543
+
+\emph default
+)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
with three custom insets.
The section
\emph on
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Longtables ! Caption
+Tables ! Multi-page ! Caption
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Inserts a caption in a float or longtable.
+Inserts a caption in a float or multi-page table.
Floats are described in section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-; captions in longtables are described in the section
+; captions in multi-page tables are described in the section
\emph on
-Longtable Captions
+Multi-page Captions
\emph default
of the
\emph on
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\family sans
+Separate <Name> (Above/Below)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+These menu items are only visible if it is possible to have two consecutive
+ environments of the same type.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Separate-Nestings"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an explanation.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Short Title
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Date
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1533459320
Inserts the actual date.
The format depends on the date format of the language that is used for
\SpecialChar LyX
's menus.
- \SpecialChar LyX
- offers various ways to insert a date which are explained and also compared
- in the section
-\emph on
-External Material
-\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
-Objects
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-program used.
You can go to the next error or the next warning, search, copy something
to the clipboard or update the view.
- With the help of the logfile experts can find in it reasons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+With the help of the logfile, experts can find reasons for \SpecialChar LaTeX
-errors.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the button
+\family sans
+Open Containing Directory
+\family default
+ one can open \SpecialChar LyX
+'s temporary folder for the document.
+ This folder contains all converted and created files to generate the output.
+ Some of these files might be of interest for experts to solve problems
+ or for writers who need to supply intermediate files.
+ For example some journals require to send the
+\family sans
+*.bbl
+\family default
+ file (a text file with the used Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ references).
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Start Appendix Here
\end_layout
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Doc-Output"
+reference "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align left
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="22" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="24" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545905310
+
+\family default
+or
+\family sans
+ Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Paste Recent
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-(Quick)
+(Quick)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+(Advanced)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "dialog-toggle findreplaceadv"
+arg "bookmark-goto 0"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Find
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-&
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-Replace
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-(Advanced)
+Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Navigate Back
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "bookmark-goto 0"
+arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Emphasize text, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758222
\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Bookmarks\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Navigate Back
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758222
+
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
+ dialog
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "font-emph"
+arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Emphasize text, function of the
+Set text to noun style, function of the
+\change_deleted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
+\change_inserted -712698321 1525758226
+
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_unchanged
dialog
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\family sans
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900859
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "font-noun"
+arg "dynamic-char-styles"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Set text to noun style, function of the
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900930
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Text
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Customized
-\family default
- dialog
+Custom Text Styles
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545899987
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545900001
Format text using the current settings in the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
dialog
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900837
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dynamic-custom-insets"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900953
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="25" columns="2">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="26" columns="2">
<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "layout Enumerate"
+arg "layout-toggle Enumerate"
\end_inset
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "layout Itemize"
+arg "layout-toggle Itemize"
\end_inset
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "layout List"
+arg "layout-toggle List"
\end_inset
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "layout Description"
+arg "layout-toggle Description"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545899981
+
+\family sans
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "textstyle-apply"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1545900045
+Format text using the recent settings in the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "menu"
+arg "dialog-show character"
+\end_inset
+
+ dialog
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\family sans
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_inset
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901299
+
\family sans
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
arg "update-others"
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901301
*
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1545901302
* These icons might look different for you if you do not use the default
icon set.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
in
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! prettyref
+ packages ! prettyref
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! refstyle
+ packages ! refstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
justifies the text on screen.
This only affects the text inside \SpecialChar LyX
not in the output.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288869
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1554288904
+The
+\family sans
+Default Style
+\family default
+ setting in
+\family sans
+Table Style
+\family default
+ lets you select which style newly inserted tables should use by default.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-commands (this can fail if a \SpecialChar LaTeX
-command is not known for
a particular character).
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557594829
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596095
+By default, \SpecialChar LyX
+ outputs \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ files in Unicode – or utf8, for that matter (which
+ is nowadays also \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s default encoding).
+ This should normally fit your needs, since \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s Unicode support covers the
+ characters of most scripts.
+ Nonetheless it is not yet comprehensive, so there might be cases where
+ using one of the traditional, or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+legacy
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, encodings is necessary.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596136
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ provides support for these traditional encodings.
+ If you chose
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Encodings
+\family default
+ dropdown, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically selects the appropriate traditional encoding for
+ the given language(s).
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595310
If you use the option
\family sans
Language Default
\family default
, \SpecialChar LyX
determines the encoding of a text part from the language of this text.
- If the document contains text in more than one language you may get more
- than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+\change_unchanged
+If the document contains text in more than one language you
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557595342
+thus
+\change_unchanged
+may get more than one encoding in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
file.
- If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557595350
+If you do not use this option then the complete document will always use
exactly one encoding.
Checking this option is the preferred setting.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596155
+As a third option, \SpecialChar LyX
+ provides the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ selection.
+ If this is chosen, any character outside the 7bit ASCII range will be output
+ as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645585
+Finally, you can also select
+\family sans
+Custom
+\family default
+, which lets you specify a specific (single) encoding for the whole document.
+ Note that this encoding is then used for
+\emph on
+any
+\emph default
+ language.
+ The custom list (which is spelled out below) consists of traditional encodings
+ and some special cases of Unicode for specific purposes (see explanation
+ below).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645268
+The
+\family sans
+Do not load inputenc
+\family default
+ checkbox does what it states: It prevents \SpecialChar LyX
+ from automatically loading the
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+inputenc
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557645185
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! inputenc
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ This option might be useful if you use a class or package that pre-loads
+ inputenc or if inputenc must not be used for some reason.
+ When using this, you probably need to load some additional packages manually
+ in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
+ languages in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
+ Note that this option is only available for the standard
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Traditional (auto-selected)
+\family default
+ encodings.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596063
\SpecialChar LyX
also supports Unicode output, which is particularly useful if you need
lots of special symbols or non-alphabetic scripts, respectively.
Language Default
\family default
fails, you might try out one of these new engines.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557645284
Language
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
in the preamble and specify the used encoding for text parts in foreign
languages in \SpecialChar TeX
code.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
commands, which may result in a big
file when lots of \SpecialChar LaTeX
-commands are needed.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596221
+ This is the same as the
+\family sans
+ASCII
+\family default
+ option in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! japanese
+ packages ! japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! CJK
+ packages ! CJK
\end_layout
\end_inset
(for the languages Chinese, Japanese and Korean)
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596410
+.
+ This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! ucs
+ packages ! ucs
\end_layout
\end_inset
- (comprehensive, including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+ (
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596443
+comprehensive,
+\change_unchanged
+including Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and CJK scripts).
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596475
+ This used to be more comprehensive than
+\family sans
+Unicode
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(utf8)
+\family default
+, but meanwhile it is rather outdated.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! inputenc
+ packages ! inputenc
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1557596266
+Currently only a limited range of characters (mainly for Latin scripts)
is supported.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1557596400
+This encoding is selected by \SpecialChar LyX
+ with the default encoding (
+\family sans
+Unicode (utf8) [default]
+\family default
+ in the main
+\family sans
+Encoding
+\family default
+ dropdown list) with non-CJK languages.
+ Normally you do not need to set this encoding manually.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
manual.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1577206827
+Change Tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1577206929
+Here you can do some settings related to change tracking (see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Change-Tracking"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Alternatively to the menu or toolbar, you can set here whether changes
+ are being tracked and whether they are shown in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1577207214
+Additionally, you can advise LyX to place a change bar in the margin of
+ the output.
+ This might be useful to make changed passages more salient.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Numbering & TOC
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620045
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620379
+You can typeset lines numbering in the output file by enabling the checkbox
+ at the bottom.
+ The functionality is handled by package lineno and and additional options
+ of this package can be used as well.
+ The most common one are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620630
+right Line numbers to the right margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620589
+switch Line number to the outer margin (left – even pages, right – odd pages)
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620637
+switch* Line numbers to the inner margin
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620780
+modulo Print numbers only on multiples of five lines
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted 5863208 1558620792
+displaymath,
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+mathlines Line numbers for math environments (both options needed).
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here you can specify if a citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+Here you can specify if a specific citation style using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
packages
\series bold
+biblatex
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! biblatex
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\series bold
natbib
\series default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! natbib
+ packages ! natbib
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! jurabib
+ packages ! jurabib
\end_layout
\end_inset
should be used.
- You can enable a
+ If you use Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, you can enable a
\family sans
Sectioned bibliography
\family default
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! bibtopic
+ packages ! bibtopic
\end_layout
\end_inset
- and you can select a
+.
+ If you use
+\noun on
+Biblatex
+\noun default
+, you can select the style files and specify further options.
+ Finally, you can select a document-specific
\family sans
Processor
\family default
for the generation of the bibliography.
- For a further description see section
+ For a further description of these possibilities see section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amsmath
+ packages ! amsmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! amssymb
+ packages ! amssymb
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! cancel
+ packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! esint
+ packages ! esint
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathdots
+ packages ! mathdots
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mathtools
+ packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! mhchem
+ packages ! mhchem
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stackrel
+ packages ! stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! stmaryrd
+ packages ! stmaryrd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! undertilde
+ packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Float Placement
+Float
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030304
+Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030306
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030352
+Here you can set global float placement and alignment options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The float placement options are described in the section
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526030366
+The float placement options
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526030367
+Details
+\change_unchanged
+ are described in the section
\emph on
Float
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1526031799
Placement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1526031800
+Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
\emph default
of the
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Output
+Formats
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Doc-Output"
+name "sec:Doc-Formats"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578647276
+Allow
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+running
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+external
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+programs If this is switched on, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is run with the
+\family typewriter
+-shell-escape
+\family default
+ option which is needed with some packages.
+ Note that this comes with security risks, so please use this only when
+ really necessary and if you know what you are doing.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578647006
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options offers settings for the
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\family default
+ export.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\family sans
Synchronize
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646679
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1578646679
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
with
+\change_deleted -712698321 1578646686
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Output settings for the menu
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646686
+
+\change_unchanged
+Output
+\family default
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646719
+enables
+\change_deleted -712698321 1578646729
+settings for the menu
\family sans
Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
+
+\change_unchanged
Forward
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
search
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646752
+
\family default
+ and allows to customize the macro used in this process
+\change_deleted -712698321 1578646757
.
- For a detailed description see section
+
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646759
+(
+\change_deleted -712698321 1578646759
+F
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646759
+f
+\change_unchanged
+or a detailed description see section
\emph on
Reverse DVI/PDF search
\emph default
Features
\emph default
- manual.
+ manual
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578646762
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578647009
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578647929
+
+\family sans
+Put fragile content out of moving arguments
+\family default
+ determines whether so-called
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+fragile
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ constructs (such as labels or index entries) are placed outside of so-called
+
+\begin_inset Quotes els
+\end_inset
+
+moving arguments
+\begin_inset Quotes ers
+\end_inset
+
+ in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ (such as sections or captions), even if the corresponding insets are
+ placed in such context in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ This setting is on by default, since it prevents nasty \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
+ If you rely on labels or index entries being kept inside the problematic
+ macros, you can uncheck this.
+ If you don't know what we are talking about here, worry not: just leave
+ it checked.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
XHTML
\begin_inset space ~
is used for the size of equations in the output.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+LyX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Format The option
+\family sans
+Save transient properties
+\family default
+ controls whether document settings that are frequently switched or that
+ are specific to the user are saved with the document.
+ The properties that are affected by option are currently:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the activation of change tracking
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the output of tracked changes
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+the recording of the document directory path.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Disabling the option can prevent issues in collaborative work and/or when
+ using a version control system (for instance unnecessary merge conflicts).
+\end_layout
+
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Section
La
\family sans
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "this image"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/uploads/LyX/NewInLyX20/themes.png"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-See sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+See section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
) at the right side of the tab bar to close tabs.
Otherwise every document tab has its own close button.
+ Regardless of this option, one can always close a tab by middle-clicking
+ it in the tab bar.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the option
-\family sans
-Use pixmap cache to speed up font rendering
-\family default
- enabled, \SpecialChar LyX
- needs to redraw the screen less often.
- This results in better performance, especially on slow systems.
- On the other hand, the characters might look more fuzzy on screen.
- So whether you enable this or not depends on whether you prefer speed over
- aesthetics.
- Note that the Pixmap Cache is only available and useful under Mac
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-OS and Windows.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Colors
\begin_inset Index idx
\family default
the cursor jumps from the end of a word to the end of the next word.
Normally it jumps from the beginning to the beginning.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578924606
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1578924785
+The option
+\family sans
+Keep change tracking markup on copy and paste
+\family default
+ is for users who don't want tracked changes to be dissolved on copy and
+ paste operations (i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., inserted as new text with the deletions removed).
+ If this is checked, the change-tracked text will be copied and pasted as
+ is, independent if changes are currently tracked or not.
+ This also applies to wrapping to\SpecialChar breakableslash
+dissolving from insets.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add new or modify existing keybindings to your own taste you can use
+To add new or modify existing key bindings to your own taste you can use
the table in the dialog that lists all \SpecialChar LyX
functions and the bound shortcuts.
To find functions easily, they are grouped by categories and the dialog
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Note, though, that the key combination definition uses a specific syntax.
+ This applies to the designators of specific modifier keys (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.,
+\family typewriter
+M
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+S
+\family default
+,
+\family typewriter
+C
+\family default
+ for
+\family sans
+Meta/Alt
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Shift
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Ctrl
+\family default
+, respectively) as well as to the other keys.
+ Note particularly that you cannot use non-alphanumeric characters directly
+ in the definition of the key combination, but must use commands following
+ the Xlib standard instead (please refer to the existing bind files for
+ a model).
+ So if you wanted to bind a command to the key combination
+\family sans
+Alt+Shift+:
+\family default
+, you needed to specify it as
+\family typewriter
+M-S-colon
+\family default
+.
+ If you use the dialog to edit key bindings, you don't have to care for
+ these specifics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ transforms your input to the correct syntax.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Keyboard/Mouse
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-templates This directory will be opened when you use the menu
+templates This directory
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354019
+contains the templates that are shown
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354025
+will be opened when you use the menu
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354026
+in
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-files This directory will be opened when you use the button
+files This directory
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354035
+will be opened when you use the
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553354048
+contains the example files that are listed in
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352959
+button
\family sans
Examples
\family default
- in the
+ in the
+\change_unchanged
+
\family sans
File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open
+\change_inserted -712698321 1553352950
+ Example
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553352963
+
\family default
- dialog.
+ dialog
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1553354004
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\family sans
Single instance
\family default
- feature, see sec.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ feature, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Note that any non-absolute path listed in the TEXINPUTS prefix is considered
to be relative to the directory of your \SpecialChar LyX
file.
- It is recommended that you always include ‘.' as one of the paths; otherwise
+ It is recommended that you always include '.' as one of the paths; otherwise
compilation may fail for some documents.
\end_layout
You can find its actual translation status here:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "http://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/I18n"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708959
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708986
+LaTeX Language Support
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! babel
+ packages ! babel
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages ! polyglossia
+ packages ! polyglossia
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-start If a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+start
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708374
+If a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
-package is needed to write in a certain document language,
- you can here specify the command to start the package.
- An example is the start command
+ you can h
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708374
+H
+\change_unchanged
+ere
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708377
+ you
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708382
+specify
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708384
+customize
+\change_unchanged
+ the command
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708639
+that is used to switch to a different language
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708410
+to start the package
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708611
+This might be useful if you want to use a different command with
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+ (which provides several alternative commands with different behavior),
+ or if you use a custom language package with specific commands, such as
+
+\series bold
+Arab\SpecialChar TeX
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, which needs
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708616
+An example is
+\change_unchanged
+the start command
\family sans
\backslash
begin{arabtext}
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708621
+
\family default
that is needed to write Arabic using the package
\series bold
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
+
+\change_unchanged
.
The default is the
\series bold
babel
\series default
command
-\family sans
+\family typewriter
\backslash
selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708571
+
\family default
+, whereby
+\family sans
+$$lang
+\family default
+ is a placeholder that is substituted with the respective language name
+ in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ output
+\change_unchanged
.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563708571
+ Note that with
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+, this setting is ignored.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-end Counterpart to
+end
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563857836
+Counterpart to
+\family sans
+Command start
+\family default
+.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563857869
+Use this if the language switch set in
\family sans
Command start
\family default
+ needs to be explicitly ended, as in
+\series bold
+babel
+\series default
+'s alternative command
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+begin{otherlanguage*}\SpecialChar ldots
+\SpecialChar allowbreak
+
+\backslash
+end{otherlanguage*}
+\family default
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708866
+Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
+ command toggles the package on and off
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563858041
+Empty by default, as
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\family default
+ does not need to be explicitly ended (the switch remains valid until the
+ next
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+selectlanguage{$$lang}
+\family default
+)
+\change_unchanged
.
- Some packages, like the default, don't have an end command since the start
- command toggles the package on and off.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563857868
+ Note that with
+\series bold
+polyglossia
+\series default
+, this setting is ignored.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708996
Default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563708996
Default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
unit Defines the unit that is used as default for lengths in \SpecialChar LyX
's dialogs.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-globally When this option is set, the languages used in the document will
- be added as options to the document class options, so that they can be
- used by all \SpecialChar LaTeX
--packages.
- Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
+globally
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709051
+When
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709052
+If
+\change_unchanged
+ this option is set, the languages used in the document will be added
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709127
+as options
+\change_unchanged
+to the document class options
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709259
+ rather than the language package options.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709186
+,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709191
+so that they can be used by all \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709305
+Since the document class passes all options in gets to all loaded \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages,
+ all language-aware packages will be informed about the used languages this
+ way
+\change_unchanged
+.
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709264
+Otherwise they will only be used as options for the
\series bold
babel
\series default
package.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709314
Auto
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-begin When this option is set, documents start with the chosen document
- language.
+begin
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709328
+Set
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+explicitly
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709331
+When
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709331
+If
+\change_unchanged
+ this option is set,
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709808
+the language switch defined in
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ is output at the beginning of the document, thereby explicitly switching
+ to the document language.
+ This assures that the correct language is used in any case.
+ This might be needed if you use a non-default
+\family sans
+Command
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+start
+\family default
+ or if a package resets the document language.
+ If not set, the language that is active at document start is used (this
+ usually should be the document language).
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709548
+documents start with the chosen document language.
When this option is not set, the
\family sans
Command
start
\family default
than the default.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709354
Auto
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-end Counterpart to
+end
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709358
+Unset
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+document
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+language
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+explicitly
+\change_unchanged
+ Counterpart to
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709361
+
\family sans
Auto
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
begin
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709392
+Set document language explicitly
+\change_unchanged
+
\family default
.
- When it is not set, the
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709618
+When it is not
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709618
+If
+\change_unchanged
+ set, the
\family sans
Command
\begin_inset space ~
end
\family default
- is set to the end of the document.
+ is
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709625
+set
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709626
+output
+\change_unchanged
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709628
+at
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709628
+to
+\change_unchanged
+ the end of the document.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709816
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+\paragraph_spacing single
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709833
+Editor Settings
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709847
+additional
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709845
foreign
+\change_unchanged
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-languages Text marked formatted in a language different from the document
- language will be underlined in blue.
+languages
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709877
+If set, all
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709877
+T
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709878
+t
+\change_unchanged
+ext
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709882
+marked formatted
+\change_unchanged
+in a language different
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709886
+from
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709886
+to
+\change_unchanged
+ the document language will be
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709907
+marked (by default with a blue
+\change_unchanged
+underline
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709911
+d in blue
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709911
+)
+\change_unchanged
+.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709927
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563711969
+Respect
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+OS
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+keyboard
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+language If set, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will switch the input language if the keyboard map is
+ switched via the operating system.
+ This is particularly useful if you switch between languages with different
+ scripts (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g., English and Hebrew: in this case, switching the keyboard to Hebrew will
+ automatically switch the input language to Hebrew as well, and vice versa).
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563709926
Enable
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
support Enables the use of languages, written from right to left (RTL),
like Arabic, Hebrew or Farsi.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Cursor
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710132
+Right-to-left
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-movement When writing RTL, you can define if the left and right arrow keys
- move the cursor visually to the left or right, respectively, or logically.
- Logical means that the cursor is moved to the left when pressing the right
- arrow key and the cursor is inside text in an RTL language.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Spellchecker
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563710132
+C
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710132
+c
+\change_unchanged
+ursor
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+movement
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710265
+Here you can define how cursor movement (with the arrow keys) behaves
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563710266
+W
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710267
+w
+\change_unchanged
+hen writing
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563710171
+RTL
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710286
+scripts with right-to-left direction (e.g., Arabic, Hebrew or Farsi).
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563857456
+, you can define if the left and right arrow keys move the cursor visually
+ to the left or right, respectively, or logically.
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563859701
+
\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-The spellchecker settings are explained in section
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Logical
+\family default
+ means that the cursor
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563859940
+follows the logic of the text direction, and the arrows' direction relates
+ to the directionality of the main paragraph language.
+ E.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Spellchecking"
+g., in embedded right-to-left text in a left-to-right paragraph (say, Hebrew
+ embedded in English), the cursor starts at the right (that is, at the
+\emph on
+beginning
+\emph default
+ of the embedded passage in the right-to-left logic) when coming from the
+ left.
+ The meaning of the key is thus swapped for that part; right arrow in this
+ specific case always means: move
+\emph on
+forward
+\emph default
+ in text (even if this means:
+\emph on
+move left
+\emph default
+).
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563857456
+is moved to the left when pressing the right arrow key
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563859705
+This setting might be useful in texts that mix left-to-right and right-to-left
+ scripts, since the cursor then follows a coherent
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+text logic
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Section
-Outputs
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-General
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_layout Description
-Forward
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563860084
-search Commands that will be used for the menu
\family sans
-Navigate\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Forward
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-search
+Visual
\family default
-.
- For a detailed description see section
+ means: always move to the direction towards which the arrows really point.
+ In this case, in embedded right-to-left text in a left-to-right paragraph,
+ the cursor starts at the left (in the text logic:
\emph on
-Reverse DVI/PDF search
+from the end
\emph default
- of the
-\emph on
-Additional
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+) when coming from the left.
+ The visual meaning of the key is thus maintained in all cases, at the expense
+ of the text logic.
+\change_deleted -712698321 1563857456
+and the cursor is inside text in an RTL language.
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563858627
-Features
-\emph default
- manual.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-DVI-PS
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Options ??
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563710235
+Local Preferences
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Output
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563776004
+Default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-line
+decimal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
- the menu
-\family sans
-File\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
-Plain
-\begin_inset space ~
+separator Defines the default decimal separator for use in tables (decimal
+ separator alignment).
+ By default, the appropriate character for the current language is selected
+ (e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-text
-\family default
-.
- Setting the line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless line.
+g., dot for English, comma for German), but you can also specify a specific
+ (static) custom character here.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Date
+
+\change_inserted -712698321 1563709001
+Default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-format
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Date Format
-\end_layout
-
+length
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+unit Defines the unit that is used as default for lengths in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s dialogs.
+\change_unchanged
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Settings ! Date format
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
- The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Flex URL
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/date.1.html
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Spellchecker
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The spellchecker settings are explained in section
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Spellchecking"
-For example the format
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-%d/%m/%y
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
-prints the date as day/month/year.
+\begin_layout Section
+Outputs
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Description
-Overwrite
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+General
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:General-output"
-on
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-export Setting what \SpecialChar LyX
- is allowed to overwrite on export.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
manual.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
+Dvips
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options Options for the program
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ that is used for the export format
+\family sans
+Postscript
+\family default
+, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Export"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Possible options are listed in the
+\family typewriter
+dvips
+\family default
+ manual:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+https://www.tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html
+\backslash
+#Option-details
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Output
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+line
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+length sets the maximum number of characters printed in one line when using
+ the menu
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Plain
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+text
+\family default
+.
+ Setting the line length to 0 means all text is printed in one endless line.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1534601711
+Date
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+format
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Date Format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Settings ! Date format
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ The date format can be one or a mixture of the formats listed here:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Flex URL
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/date.1.html
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+For example the format
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+%d/%m/%y
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+prints the date as day/month/year.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Overwrite
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+on
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+export Setting what \SpecialChar LyX
+ is allowed to overwrite on export.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
La
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
+
+\change_deleted -712698321 1524413534
Use
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\SpecialChar LyX
sets up in the background.
So there is no need to change the default encoding.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float table
placement h
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="20" columns="3">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="21" columns="3">
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="50col%">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-mm
+bp
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-millimeter
+big point (72
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+bp = 1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+in)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-cm
+cc
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-centimeter
+cicero (1
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+cc = 12
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+dd)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-in
+cm
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-inch
+centimeter
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-pt
+dd
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-point (72.27
+didot (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-pt = 1
+dd
+\begin_inset Formula $\approx$
+\end_inset
+
+ 0.376
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-in)
+mm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-pc
+em
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-pica (1
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+width of letter
+\emph on
+M
+\emph default
+ in current font
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ex
+\end_layout
-pc = 12
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-pt)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+height of letter
+\emph on
+x
+\emph default
+ in current font
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-sp
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-scaled point (65536
+inch
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+millimeter
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mu
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+math unit (1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-sp = 1
+mu = 1/18
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-pt)
+em)
\end_layout
\end_inset
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+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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-
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-
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\begin_inset Newline newline
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+ of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
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-
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\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages ! refstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
+https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/refstyle/refstyle.pdf
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Japanese"
+key "Arabic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Japanese:
+ for Arabic:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Latvian"
+key "Armenian"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Latvian:
+ for Armenian:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Latvian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Armenian
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Lithuanian"
+key "Cyrillic"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Lithuanian:
+ for Cyrillic languages:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Lithuanian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Cyrillic
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mongolian"
+key "Farsi"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Mongolian:
+ for Farsi:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Mongolian
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Farsi
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Vietnamese"
+key "Hebrew"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
- for Vietnamese:
+ for Hebrew:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Vietnamese
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Hebrew
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Bibliography
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "NewInLyX20"
+key "Japanese"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Wiki-page"
-target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20"
+target "https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
- about new features in
-\family sans
-\SpecialChar LyX
- 2.0
-\family default
-:
+ how to set up \SpecialChar LyX
+ for Japanese:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/NewInLyX20
+https://wiki.lyx.org/Windows/Japanese
\end_layout
\end_inset
database.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand*{
+\backslash
+pagedeclaration}[1]{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+unskip,
+\backslash
+hyperlink{page.#1}{page
+\backslash
+nobreakspace{}#1}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This command makes the page number a clickable hyperlink, see sec.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Nomenclature-Options"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for more info.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset nomencl_print
LatexCommand printnomenclature
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
type "idx"
+name "Index"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
projects / features.git / blobdiff