-#LyX 1.6.4 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 502
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/
\textclass book
\begin_preamble
% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
\myTOC
\mainmatter }
-
-% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
-\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
- L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
- {LyX}}
\end_preamble
\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
-\font_roman default
-\font_sans default
-\font_typewriter default
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "default" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100
-\font_tt_scale 100
-
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
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-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 0
-\use_esint 0
+\use_package amsmath 0
+\use_package amssymb 0
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 0
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle headings
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-The LyX Tutorial
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+ Tutorial
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
-by the LyX Team
+by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
-tion mailing list,
-\family typewriter
-
+\noindent
+If you have comments on or corrections to this documentation, please send
+ them to the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Documentation mailing list:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
\end_inset
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Welcome to LyX!
+Welcome to \SpecialChar LyX
+!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or do
- not know it very well.
- Now, do not panic - you will not need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
- That is, after all, the whole point of LyX: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG
- interface to LaTeX.
+This manual is designed for all of you who have never heard of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, or do not
+ know it very well.
+ Now, do not panic - you will not need to learn \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ to use \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ That is, after all, the whole point of \SpecialChar LyX
+: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG interface
+ to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
There are some things you will need to learn, however, in order to use
- LyX effectively.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ effectively.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
or tried to put three blank lines between paragraphs.
- You found out you could not and in fact, you will find out that most of
- the little tricks you are accustomed to use in other word processors will
- not work in LyX.
- That is because most word processors you have used before allow you to
- manually enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
+ You found out you could not and, in fact, you will find out that most of
+ the little tricks you are accustomed to use in word processors will not
+ work in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ That is because most word processors you have used before allow you manually
+ to enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
- LyX does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you
- focus on the important things, like the content of your writing.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you focus
+ on the important things, like the content of your writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So read on to learn more about LyX.
+So read on to learn more about \SpecialChar LyX
+.
Reading this tutorial is definitely worth the time.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we get started with this section, we want to make a quick note of
- something.
- The
+Before we get started with this section, you need to know that this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now that you know which fonts mean what, we want to talk a bit about what
- this
+Now that you know which fonts mean what in the documentation, we want to
+ talk a bit about what this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
- To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out
- all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ To get the most out of this document, you should read through it, typing
+ all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out all of
+ the exercises to see if you get them right.
For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you are familiar with LaTeX, you will probably be able to read the
+If you are familiar with \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, you will probably be able to read the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
- somewhat faster, since many LyX ideas are just LaTeX ideas in disguise.
- However, LyX has features you will want to learn about.
+ somewhat faster, since many \SpecialChar LyX
+ ideas are just \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ ideas in disguise.
+ However, \SpecialChar LyX
+ has features you will want to learn about.
Even if you do not feel like reading the rest of the
\emph on
Tutorial
\end_inset
-, which is specifically written for experienced LaTeX users.
+, which is specifically written for experienced \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ users.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Detailed explanations of all of LyX's features.
+Detailed explanations of all of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s features.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-Detailed explanations of LaTeX.
+Detailed explanations of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Unnecessary.
- If you want to learn some of the neat tricks you can do with LaTeX in LyX,
- you can have a look at the
+ If you want to learn some of the neat tricks you can do with \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+, you
+ can have a look at the
\emph on
Embedded
\begin_inset space ~
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-It is time to move onwards, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+It is time to move on, time for your first document \SpecialChar ldots
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-Getting started with LyX
+Getting started with \SpecialChar LyX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Your first LyX document
+Your first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-OK\SpecialChar \@.
+OK\SpecialChar endofsentence
You are ready to start writing.
Before you do, there are a few things we need to mention, which will hopefully
make the Tutorial more instructive and useful.
help files.
This is very simple:
\series default
- Start up LyX, Choose the
+ Start up \SpecialChar LyX
+, select the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
- as well (if you are not reading it within LyX already).
+ as well (if you are not reading it within \SpecialChar LyX
+ already).
This way, you can read them while you are writing your own file.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
They can also serve as good examples of how to use the many features of
- LyX.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In this Tutorial, we are going to assume that you have a fully working version
- of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution, a DVI-, and a PDF-viewer.
+ of \SpecialChar LyX
+, as well as a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-distribution and a PDF-viewer.
This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distributions, as well
- as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installers.
+ as on Windows, where this is setup by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ installers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
- to let you practice your LyX skills.
- Imagine that it was typed by someone who did not know about any of LyX's
- great features.
- As you learn new LyX functions, we will suggest that you fix those parts
- of
+ to let you practice your \SpecialChar LyX
+ skills.
+ Imagine that it was typed by someone who did not know about any of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s great
+ features.
+ As you learn new \SpecialChar LyX
+ functions, we will suggest that you fix those parts of
+
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
\family typewriter
example_lyxified.lyx
\family default
- which contains the same text written and typeset by a LyX master.
+ which contains the same text written and typeset by a \SpecialChar LyX
+ master.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
examples
\family default
- directory of LyX's installation folder.
- Open the raw document, and use
+ directory of \SpecialChar LyX
+'s installation folder.
+ Open the document
+\family typewriter
+example_raw.lyx
+\family default
+ and use
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
- the DVI output.
+ the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
examples
\family default
directory contains lots of other examples files.
- They will show you how to do various fancy things with LyX.
+ They will show you how to do various fancy things with \SpecialChar LyX
+.
After you have read the Tutorial, or when you are confused about how to
- do something fancy in LyX, take a look at these files.
+ do something fancy in \SpecialChar LyX
+, take a look at these files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Itemize
Open a new file with
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Type a sentence like:
\family typewriter
-This is my first LyX document!
+This is my first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document!
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Save your document with
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Save
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-As\SpecialChar \@.
+As\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
+Create a PDF file, with
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+View
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
\end_inset
.
- LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document as it will
- look when printed.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will open a PDF-viewer program displaying your document as it will look
+ when printed.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
+You can save time by leaving the PDF-viewer running in the background.
Then, you can use
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Update
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-update"
\end_inset
- and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
- finishes running.
+ and just click on the PDF-viewer window (or unminimize it) afterwards.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
Export the ready to print document with
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Export
\family default
to a format you want
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Congratulations! You have written your first LyX document.
- All of the rest is just details, which are covered in the other manuals.
+Congratulations! You have written your first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
+ All of the rest is just details.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to do with a word processor.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ can of course do most of the things you are used to doing with a word processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
Here is a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
- you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
-
+Undo \SpecialChar LyX
+ has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything you
+ have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Undo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/undo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
\end_inset
) over and over again.
If you undo too much, just select
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Redo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/redo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
\end_inset
) to get it back.
-
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
Cut/Paste/Copy Use
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cut
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/cut.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
\end_inset
),
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Copy
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/copy.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
\end_inset
), and
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/paste.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
\end_inset
) to cut, copy, and paste.
\begin_layout Description
Find/Replace Use
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Find
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Replace
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
\end_inset
) to search.
\family sans
Replace
\family default
- button to replace a word you have found.
+ button to replace a word you have found.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Close the window when you are done or leave it open if you find it more
convenient.
- Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
- Just be sure you have the right window focus when you are trying to type
- in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
+ Most dialog boxes in \SpecialChar LyX
+ can operate like this.
+ Just be sure you have the right window in focus when you are trying to
+ type in the main \SpecialChar LyX
+ window or a \SpecialChar LyX
+ dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph on
emphasize
\emph default
- text (which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
-\series bold
-bold face
-\series default
-, in
+ text (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+, which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
\noun on
Noun Style
\noun default
- (usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+, usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
by using the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customized
\family default
dialog (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Toolbar There are buttons on the toolbar (just below the menus) which allow
- you to do some of the more popular functions, such as
+Toolbar Other buttons on the toolbar allow you to do some of the more popular
+ functions, such as
\family sans
-Paste
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+graphics
\family default
and
\family sans
-Print
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
\family default
.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-WYSIWYM: Whitespace in LyX
+WYSIWYM: Whitespace in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One of the hardest things for new users to get used to is the way that LyX
+One of the hardest things for new users to get used to is the way that \SpecialChar LyX
+
handles whitespace.
As many times as you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
, you will only get one space.
- On a blank line, LyX will not let you type even one space.
+ On a blank line, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will not let you type even one space.
The
\family sans
Tab
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- LyX, on the other hand, is based on the principle that
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+, on the other hand, is based on the principle that
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- You type what you mean, and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you,
- so that the output looks nice.
+ You type what you mean and \SpecialChar LyX
+ will take care of typesetting it for you so
+ that the output looks nice.
A
\family sans
Return
\family default
- grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
+ grammatically separates paragraphs and a
\family sans
Space
\family default
- grammatically separates words, so there is no reason to have several of
+ grammatically separates words; so there is no reason to have several of
them in a row; a
\family sans
Tab
\family default
- has no grammatical function at all, so LyX does not support it.
- Using LyX, you will spend more of your time worrying about the
+ has no grammatical function at all - so \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not support it.
+ Using \SpecialChar LyX
+, you will spend more of your time worrying about the
\emph on
content
\emph default
- of your document, and less time worrying about the
+ of your document and less time worrying about the
\emph on
format.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX does have (many) ways to fine-tune the formatting of your document.
- After all, LyX might not typeset
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ does have (many) ways to fine-tune the formatting of your document.
+ After all, \SpecialChar LyX
+ might not typeset
\emph on
exactly
\emph default
User's Guide
\emph default
has information about all that.
- It includes
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s and vertical space — which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
- spaces or blank lines — and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
- and paragraph alignments by hand.
+ It includes horizontal fills and vertical space — which are more powerful
+ and versatile than multiple spaces or blank lines — and ways to change
+ font sizes, character styles, and paragraph alignments by hand.
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
With standard word processors, you will be distracted by document formatting
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- philosophy of LyX.
+ philosophy of \SpecialChar LyX
+.
A given environment may require a certain font style, font size, indenting,
line spacing, and more.
This problem is aggravated, because the exact formatting for a given environmen
section titles while another uses italicized, 15 point, left justified
type; different languages may have different standards for indenting; and
bibliography formats can vary widely.
- LyX lets you avoid learning all the different formatting styles.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ lets you avoid learning all the different formatting styles.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
Introduction
\family default
- on the first line of your LyX file, and select
+ on the first line of your new \SpecialChar LyX
+ file, and select
\family sans
Section
\family default
select
\emph default
the line.
- If nothing is selected, LyX changes the paragraph you are currently in
- to the selected environment.
+ If nothing is selected, \SpecialChar LyX
+ changes the paragraph you are currently in to
+ the selected environment.
Alternatively, you can change several paragraphs to a different environment
by selecting them before picking an environment.
\end_layout
Section*
\family default
, which will be covered below.
- LyX numbers the section
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ numbers the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Return
\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
+\SpecialChar endofsentence
Note that the
\family sans
Environment
\family sans
Return
\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
+\SpecialChar endofsentence
Type the document introduction:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-This is an introduction to my first LyX document.
+This is an introduction to my first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Environment
\family default
box again.
- LyX writes a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and you will see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
+, and you will see that \SpecialChar LyX
+ again sets it as a section title.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-my first LyX document
+my first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
Environment
\family default
box again.
- Again, LyX writes
+ Again, \SpecialChar LyX
+ writes
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
3! In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
- up the section titles, and LyX takes care of numbering the sections and
- typesetting them.
+ up the section titles, and \SpecialChar LyX
+ takes care of numbering the sections and typesettin
+g them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Environment
\family default
box.
- LyX numbers the subsection
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ numbers the subsection
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
, and typesets it in a font which is bigger than regular text but smaller
than the section title.
- Change the fourth line
+ Change the fourth line to the
\family sans
Subsection
\family default
environment as well.
- As you probably expected, LyX automatically numbered the section
+ As you probably expected, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically numbered the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Section
\family default
s, but you are only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes)
- of LyX documents (see Section
+ of \SpecialChar LyX
+ documents (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
- uses for a regular section, but it will not number that section.
+ box to find it), \SpecialChar LyX
+ will use the same font size for the heading as it uses
+ for a regular section, but it will not number that section.
There are corresponding
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has several different environments for typesetting lists.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has several different environments for typesetting lists.
The various list environments free you from hitting
\family sans
Tab
Itemize
\family default
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Enumerate
\family default
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Description
\family default
environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\family default
-, or
+ (also named
\family sans
-Labelling
+Labeling
\family default
-, environment is a variation on the
+) environment is a variation on the
\family sans
Description
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Let us write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
+Let us write a list of reasons why \SpecialChar LyX
+ is better than other word processors.
Somewhere in your document, type:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-LyX is better than other word processors because:
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ is better than other word processors because:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
- LyX writes a
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
on the line.
- Type in your reasons:
+ Type in your reasons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
Return
\family default
.
- Instead, LyX assumes you are going on to the next item in the list.
+ Instead, \SpecialChar LyX
+ assumes you are going on to the next item in the list.
The above will therefore result in a three-item list.
If you want more than one paragraph within one list
\emph on
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment (or just use the keybinding,
-\family sans
-Alt+P
-\begin_inset space ~
+ environment (or just use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "layout Standard"
\end_inset
-S
-\family default
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You have got a beautiful itemized list.
- You might want to run LaTeX to see how the list looks when printed out.
+You now have a beautiful itemized list.
+ You might want to run \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ to see how the list looks when printed out.
But what if you wanted to number the reasons? Well, just select the whole
list
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LyX will not let you select the first bullet unless you also select the
- paragraph
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ will not let you select the first bullet (or the actual number in a numbered
+ section title) unless you also select the paragraph
\emph on
before
\emph default
- the list, which you probably do not want to do.
- Similarly, you cannot select the actual number in a numbered section title.
+ it, which you probably do not want to do.
This is on purpose because the bullet or number depends on the document
settings or text position, respectively.
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
- Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
- numbering.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Enumerate"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will fix the numbering.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
and
\family sans
List
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Labeling
\family default
-, in order to see what they look like.
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Description"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout List"
+\end_inset
+
+), in order to see what they look like.
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
the paragraph (until you hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
-.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
+).
+ The term is either typeset in boldface (
\family sans
Description
\family default
for longer ones.
Computer code (the
\family sans
-LyX-Code
+\SpecialChar LyX
+-Code
\family default
environment
\begin_inset Foot
\family typewriter
typewriter
\family default
- font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you are allowed to
- use multiple spaces to allow code indenting.
+ font; this environment is the only place in \SpecialChar LyX
+ where you are allowed to use
+ multiple spaces to allow code indenting.
You can even write poetry using the
\family sans
Verse
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
- for more complete descriptions of all of the available LyX environments.
+ for more complete descriptions of all of the available \SpecialChar LyX
+ environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
: Correctly typeset the
\family sans
-Quote, LyX-Code,
+Quote, \SpecialChar LyX
+-Code,
\family default
and
\family sans
Verse
\family default
- in
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
+ in
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The previous chapter hopefully allowed you to get used to writing in LyX.
- It introduced you to the basic editing operations in LyX, as well as the
- powerful method of writing with environments.
- Most people who use LyX, though, will want to write documents: papers,
- articles, books, manuals, or letters.
- This chapter is meant to take you from simply writing text with LyX to
- writing a complete document.
+The previous chapter hopefully allowed you to get used to writing in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+ It introduced you to the basic editing operations in \SpecialChar LyX
+, as well as the powerful
+ method of writing with environments.
+ Most people who use \SpecialChar LyX
+, though, will want to write documents: papers, articles,
+ books, manuals, or letters.
+ This chapter is meant to take you from simply writing text with \SpecialChar LyX
+ to writing
+ a complete document.
It will introduce you to text classes, which allow you to write different
sorts of documents.
It will then describe many of the additions that turn text into a document,
In addition, many documents contain special environments: letters contain
some environments — such as the sender's address and the signature — which
do not make sense in a book or article.
- The LyX
+ The \SpecialChar LyX
+
\emph on
document class
\emph default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-for LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
+for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ users: this is equivalent to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ document class
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family default
document class.
Document classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they
- tell LyX how to typeset the document, so you do not need to know how.
+ tell \SpecialChar LyX
+ how to typeset the document, so you do not need to know how.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Try changing to other document classes (using the
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
dialog) to see how they are typeset differently.
Font sizes, one- or two-column printing, and page headings are just some
of the ways journals' typesettings differ from one another.
As the Computer Age continues to mature, journals have begun accepting
- electronic submissions, creating LaTeX
+ electronic submissions, creating \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
so that authors can submit correctly typeset articles.
- LyX is set up to support this as well.
- For example, LyX supports typesetting (and extra environments) for the
- American Mathematics Society journals using the
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ is set up to support this as well.
+ For example, \SpecialChar LyX
+ supports typesetting (and extra environments) for the American
+ Mathematics Society journals using the
\family sans
Article
\begin_inset space ~
Additional Features
\emph default
manual for many more details.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-lots of extra environments for address, signature\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+lots of extra environments for address, signature\SpecialChar ldots
\end_layout
\family default
class in the
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
dialog.
work.
Every time you write a business letter, you want to have your address,
the address to which you are sending it, a body, a signature, etc.
- LyX therefore has a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ therefore has a
\emph on
template
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
Open a new file with
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
New
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Address
\family default
- environment, which do not even exist in most other document classes.
+ environment, that do not exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
Description
\family default
, are familiar.
\end_inset
Signature:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
Signature
\family default
line is placed.
- Remember, LyX is WYSIWYM; you can put the
+ Remember, \SpecialChar LyX
+ is WYSIWYM; you can put the
\family sans
Signature
\family default
- environment anywhere you want, but LyX knows that in the printout, the
- signature should be at the end.
+ environment anywhere you want, but \SpecialChar LyX
+ knows that in the printout, the signature
+ should be at the end.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A template is just a regular LyX file.
+A template is just a regular \SpecialChar LyX
+ file.
This means you can fill in your address and signature and save the file
as a new template.
From now on, any time you want to write a letter, you can use the new template
possible.
In addition, they can help a person learn how to use some of the fancier
document classes.
- Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
+ Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring \SpecialChar LyX
+ for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
- When they are first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if
- they have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
+ When they are first learning \SpecialChar LyX
+, it will be less intimidating if they have
+ a letter template customized for their company, for example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title — which may contain the actual title,
- the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper — to be a separate
- part of the document.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ (like \SpecialChar LaTeX
+) considers the title — which may contain the actual title, the author,
+ the date, and even an abstract of a paper — to be a separate part of the
+ document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Go back to your LyX document and make sure it is using the
+Go back to your first \SpecialChar LyX
+ document and make sure it is using the
\family sans
Article
\family default
\end_inset
in your document.
- Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
+ Once you do so, you can refer to the element in other parts of the document,
using cross-references.
- You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
- appears on.
- As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
+ You can refer to a section's number, to the page on which the section begins
+ or to both.
+ As with section numbering, \SpecialChar LyX
+ also takes care of cross-reference numbering
for you.
- Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
- LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
+ Automatic management of labels and cross-references is among the most significa
+nt advantages of \SpecialChar LyX
+ (and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+) over conventional word processors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
.
Click at the end of the section title line, and select
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So far you have not done anything — the DVI output will look exactly the
- same, since labels do not show up in the printed document.
+So far you have not done anything — the output will look exactly the same,
+ since labels do not show up in the printed document.
However, now that you have added a label, you can refer to that label with
cross-references.
We will do that next.
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-If you want to know more about this document, then see
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-Section, which can be found on page.
+If you want to know more about this document, then see Section .
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now — with the cursor after the word `Section' — choose
+Now, with the cursor before the final period, select
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cross
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Reference
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
The Cross-reference dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
- At the moment, there should be only one, `sec:About-This-Document'.
- First, select the drop-down menu labelled Format and select '<reference>
- on page <page>.' Then select `sec:About-This-Document' (it may be selected
- by default), and a reference marker will appear containing `Ref+Text: sec:About
--This-Document' (To be really correct, you should put a
+ At the moment, there should be only one,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+<reference> on page <page>
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Then select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (it may be selected by default), and a reference marker will appear containing
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ref+Text: sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (To be really correct, you should put a
\family sans
Protected
\begin_inset space ~
Space
\family default
- in between the word `Section' and the reference).
- Alternatively to that method, you can right-click on a label and use in
- the appearing context menu
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
+\end_inset
+
+) in between the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and the reference.) An alternative way to reference a label is to right-click
+ the label and select
\family sans
Copy as Reference
\family default
-.
+ in the pop-up context menu.
The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be copied
to the actual cursor position via the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Paste
\family default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl+V
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
).
In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with the
section number and then the page number.
- View your document as DVI, and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
- than that.
- It refers to `Section 2' and depending how much text you have between the
- start of Section 2 and this cross-reference you may see `on this page,'
- 'on the previous page' or `on page n' (whereas n is the page number).
+ Preview your document and you will see that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ has been even cleverer than
+ that.
+ It refers to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Section 2
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and depending how much text you have between the start of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and this cross-reference you may see
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on this page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on the previous page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on page n
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (where
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the page number).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Conveniently, a cross-reference acts as a hyperlink when you are editing
- a document in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
+ a document in \SpecialChar LyX
+; clicking on it will pop up the
\family sans
Cross-reference
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
- can test that.
+We told you that \SpecialChar LyX
+ takes care of numbering cross-references; now you can
+ test this claim.
Add a new section before Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
2.
- Update the DVI view, and — voilà! — the section cross reference changed
+ Update the preview, and — voilà! — the section cross-reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
- even for larger documents,
+If you want to confirm that the cross-referencing gets the pages right even
+ for larger documents,
\family sans
Copy
\family default
\family sans
Paste
\family default
- the stolen text into your document.
+ them into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- are not allowed in the article class, see section
+ are not allowed in the article class, see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
or the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Footnote
\family default
.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-LyX
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- somewhere in your document and click the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
+\SpecialChar LyX
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- button.
+ somewhere in your document and insert a footnote.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
- LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
Type
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-LyX is a typesetting word processor.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ is a typesetting word processor.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now click on the button labelled
+Now click on the button labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
\family sans
Delete
\family default
- key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively.
+ key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Margin notes can be added using the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Marginal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Note
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
-\SpecialChar \@.
+\SpecialChar endofsentence
Margin notes are like footnotes, except that:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Change your LyX footnote back to text, then select and change it to a margin
+Change your \SpecialChar LyX
+ footnote back to text, then select and change it to a margin
note.
- Run LaTeX again to see what the margin note looks like.
+ Run \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ again to see what the margin note looks like.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
+Bibliographies are similar to cross-references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
- Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
- numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the item numbers
- change.
+ Like section titles, \SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ make your job easier by automatically numbering
+ the bibliography items and changing citations when the item numbers change.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-The Lyx Tutorial, by the LyX Documentation Team
+The Lyx Tutorial, by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Documentation Team
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
as your first reference.
- Note that LyX automatically puts a number in a box before each reference.
+ Note that \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically puts a number in a box before each reference.
Click on the boxed reference number, and the
\family sans
Bibliography
\family sans
Key
\family default
- is to refer to this reference within the LyX document, the
+ is to refer to this reference within the \SpecialChar LyX
+ document, the
\family sans
Label
\family default
Label
\family default
is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
- Change now the
+ Now change the
\family sans
Key
\family default
Now pick somewhere in your document that you would like to insert a reference.
Do so with
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Citation
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
.
Citation
\family default
dialog appears.
- The right panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and
- this field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
+ The left panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and this
+ field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
Select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
button in the center to insert it.
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
- of keys this way.) Now view your file as DVI, and you will see that the
- citation appears in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography
- at the end of the document.
+ of keys this way.)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If one uses label names for references that are easy to remember it is easier
+ to find the entry in the list of references.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Click the
+\family sans
+OK
+\family default
+ button.
+ Now preview your file and you will see that the citation appears in brackets
+ in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
item
\family default
dialog.
- As usual, see the
+ See the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
- LyX makes this very easy to do.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ makes this easy to do.
Just hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
- after your document title and before your first section title and choose
+ after your document title and before your first section title and select
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
This may not appear to be very useful.
- However, if you look at your DVI file, you will see that a table of contents
+ However, if you look at your preview, you will see that a table of contents
has been generated, listing the various sections and subsections in your
document.
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
- changes in the DVI file when you update it.
+ changes in the preview when you update it.
\end_layout
But you can display the table of contents in a separate window by clicking
on the table of contents button, or by using
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pane
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
\end_inset
.
This menu will work even if you do not have a table of contents inset in
your document.
- This is a very useful tool for moving around your document parts.
+ This is a very useful tool for rearranging your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
\family sans
Outline
\family default
- window will highlight that line and move the display (in the LyX editing
- window) to that place in the document.
+ window will highlight that line and move the display (in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ editing window)
+ to that place in the document.
You can also use the arrow keys to move up and down in the table of contents.
You may therefore find it convenient to leave this window open throughout
editing sessions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX is used by many scientists because it outputs great looking equations,
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is used by many scientists because it outputs great looking equations,
avoiding the control characters used by word processors and their equation
editors.
Many of these scientists are frustrated, however, because writing equations
- in LaTeX is more like programming than writing.
- Happily, LyX has WYSIWYM support for equations.
- If you are used to LaTeX, you will find that all of the usual LaTeX math
- commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
- If, on the other hand, you have never written in LaTeX, then the
+ in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ is more like programming than writing.
+ Happily, \SpecialChar LyX
+ has WYSIWYM support for equations.
+ If you are used to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, you will find that all of the usual \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ math commands
+ can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
+ If, on the other hand, you have never written in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, then the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Somewhere in your LyX document, type:
+Somewhere in your \SpecialChar LyX
+ document, type:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now, that equation does not look very good in LyX and in the output; there
+Now, that equation does not look very good in \SpecialChar LyX
+ and in the output; there
is no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you would like
to write an actual superscript for the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
- That bad typesetting happened because we did not tell LyX that we were
- writing a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular
- old text.
+ That bad typesetting happened because we did not tell \SpecialChar LyX
+ that we were writing
+ a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular old
+ text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
- In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+But we can create a formula that will be typeset properly.
+ Highlight the equation and click the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
or use the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Inline
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Formula
\family default
.
- LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- Now just type
-\family typewriter
-E=mc^2
-\family default
- again.
- The expression is typed in blue, and the blue square disappears as soon
- as the formula is not empty.
+ If nothing is highlighted \SpecialChar LyX
+ inserts a little blue square, which is an empty
+ math formula.
+ The expression appears in blue and the blue square disappears as soon as
+ the formula is not empty.
Now type
\family sans
Esc
\family default
- to leave the equation The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor
- to the right of the expression, and now if you type something, it will
- be regular text.
+ to leave the equation.
+ The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor to the right of the expression.
+ Now, if you type something, it will be regular text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Run LaTeX and look at the output.
- Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
- letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+Looking at the output you will notice that the expression was typeset nicely,
+ with spaces between the letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
This math editor is another example of the WYSIWYM philosophy.
- In LaTeX, you write a mathematical expression using text and commands like
-
+ In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, you write a mathematical expression using text and commands like
\family typewriter
\backslash
sqrt
\family default
; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-missing brackets.
- LyX does not attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
+ like until you run the file under \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ and you may have to spend time, for
+ example, finding missing brackets.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression will look like.
- LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ then takes care of the professional typesetting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\family sans
Esc
\family default
- to leave the formula\SpecialChar \@.
+ to leave the formula\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
Select text either with the arrow keys or with the mouse.
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Undo
\family default
works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
- One thing to be careful of: If you are left or right outside a formula
+ One thing to be careful of: if you are left or right outside a formula
and you press
\family sans
Delete
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
-, respectively, you delete the whole formula.
+ respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
\family sans
Undo
Down
\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- When you hit
+ If you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
\end_inset
.
- LyX will place another blue rectangle in the superscript, so that whatever
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will place another blue rectangle in the superscript, so that whatever
you write next will be superscripted, and in a smaller font size.
Everything you type until you hit a
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy — start one by typing the underscore
- key,
+Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy; start one by typing the underscore
+ key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
_
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ .
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
this:
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-The Math Toolbar
+The Math toolbar
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols and/or to perform complicated formula
operations.
Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
- or
+ or the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
- menus.
+ menus (the latter only appears when you are in Math mode).
However, we are going to concentrate on using the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbars
+toolbar
\family default
, just to let you know what is out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
- later, from other manuals.
+ and commands later from the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
in the menu
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Toolbars
\family default
.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle math"
+\end_inset
+
+) the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
in the
\family sans
Toolbars
\family default
menu, the
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
by the renaming of the menu entry from
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
- arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
+ allows you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: operators,
+ arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
limits on sums and integrals.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Nothing you can do that can not be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- All you need is
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Square roots, accents, and delimiters
+Roots, decorations, and delimiters
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To type a square root, just click on the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
.
the square root.
You can type variables, numbers, other square roots, fractions, whatever
you want.
- LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what is inside.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will automatically resize the square root to fit what is inside.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Accenting a character (
-\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
+Adding a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+frame decoration
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to a character (
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a}$
\end_inset
) or group of characters (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
\end_inset
-) is done the same way.
+) is done similarly.
Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
.
- Click on a decoration, and LyX will insert that decoration with an insertion
+ Click on a decoration, and \SpecialChar LyX
+ will insert that decoration with an insertion
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
- type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
- letter.
+ type, and those that have a fixed size, and are most appropriate for a
+ single letter.
\end_layout
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
Hit the delimiter button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
to pop up the
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but will not
- show up in the output).
+ (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in \SpecialChar LyX
+, but will not show
+ up in the output).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- So better use in this case one of the three delimiter buttons that insert
- directly e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+ So it is better to use one of the three delimiter buttons that insert them
+ directly, for example
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-delim ( )"
\end_inset
-a (
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-) pair.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- lyxscale 75
- scale 60
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
.
- LyX writes two insertion points in a fraction.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ writes two insertion points in a fraction.
As you would expect, you can use arrow keys or the mouse to move around
a fraction.
Click on the top square and type
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
+Functions: lim, log, sin and others
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in math mode, LyX thinks you are typing the product of the three variables
+ in math mode, \SpecialChar LyX
+ thinks you are typing the product of the three variables
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\end_inset
typeset in Roman.
- In addition, LyX will not put a space between the word
+ In addition, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will not put a space between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Toolbar
\family default
button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
and then on
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the appearing function list.
+ in the pop-up function list.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is displayed in LyX in black, and set in upright roman type.
+ is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ in black, and set in upright roman type.
The whole word is treated as one symbol, so if you type
\family sans
Backspace
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The function list include other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+The function list includes other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\begin_layout Standard
Click on the matrix button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
.
- The appearing dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you
- want in your matrix.
+ A pop-up dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you want
+ in your matrix.
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
\family sans
OK
\family default
.
- LyX prints 6 insertion points in a
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ prints 6 insertion points in a
\begin_inset Formula $2\times3$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
If you need to change the number of rows and columns, use the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Columns
\family default
or the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
.
for information on how to change the horizontal alignment of each column,
and how to change the vertical position of the whole matrix.
Note that if you want to write a table containing text, you should use
- LyX's wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on the display button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-display.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+While being in a formula, click on the display button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-display"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
-, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
- box.
- LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it
- is centered within that line.
- Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
+.
+ This centers the formula and adds a blank line before and after it.
+ Now type in an expression and compile your file to see how it looks.
The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
of your expressions to display mode and back.
\begin_layout Itemize
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
- written under rather than next to the symbols
+ written under and over rather than next to the symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: Be careful
+One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: be careful
about whether you are putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then do not
press
after
\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore eventually be indented, depending on your document
+ That text will be indented or follow a blank line, depending on your document
paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
\end_layout
\series bold
Exercise
\series default
-: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
- to write an equation like
+: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
+ to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
After you have done it the hard way, give
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cases
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
0 & x=0\\
-\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
+\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0
+\end{array}\right.
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's math editor can do plenty more.
- By now, you are familiar with the basics, so we refer to the
+Now you are familiar with the basics.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+'s math editor can do a lot more.
+ You can refer to the
\emph on
-User's Guide
+Math
\emph default
- for tips on how to:
+ manual for tips on how to:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Labeling and numbering expressions
+Label and number expressions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Multi-line equations
+Create multi-line equations.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things that cannot be mentioned in this Tutorial.
+Do almost all you can do with math.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Other major LyX Features
+Other major \SpecialChar LyX
+ Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We have not gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we are not
- planning on it.
+We have not gone through all the possible commands in \SpecialChar LyX
+, and we are not planning
+ on it.
As usual, see the
\emph on
User's Guide
Objects
\emph default
manual for more information.
- We will just mention a couple more major things LyX can do:
+ We will just mention a couple more major things \SpecialChar LyX
+ can do:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX has WYSIWYM support for tables.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has WYSIWYM support for tables.
Use the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Table
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
) to get a table.
Settings
\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
+ By pressing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle table"
+\end_inset
+
+ the table toolbar will appear permanently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX also supports including pictures in any format within documents.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports including pictures in any format within documents.
(You guessed it:
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Graphics
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
).
Then browse for the figure file, rotate or scale it, etc.) Tables and figures
- can have captions, and LyX will automatically generate lists of figures
- and/or tables.
+ can have captions, and \SpecialChar LyX
+ will automatically generate lists of figures and/or
+ tables.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX is heavily configurable.
- Everything from how the LyX window looks to how the output comes out can
- be configured in a number of ways.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ is heavily configurable.
+ Everything from how the \SpecialChar LyX
+ window looks to how the output comes out can be
+ configured in a number of ways.
Much configuration is done through
\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
Preferences
\family default
.
For more information on this, check out
\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Customization\SpecialChar \@.
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX is being developed by a team of programmers on five continents.
- Therefore, LyX has better support for non-English languages (such as Dutch,
- German, French, Greek, Czech, Turkish, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ is being developed by a team of programmers on five continents.
+ Therefore, \SpecialChar LyX
+ has better support for non-English languages (such as Dutch,
+ German, French, Greek, Czech, Turkish, \SpecialChar ldots
) than many word processors.
Even the right-to-left languages Arabic, Farsi, and Hebrew and the Asian
languages Chinese Japanese, and Korean are supported.
- You can write documents in other languages and you can also configure LyX
+ You can write documents in other languages and you can also configure \SpecialChar LyX
+
to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The LyX menus feature keybindings.
+The \SpecialChar LyX
+ menus feature keybindings.
This means that you can do
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
Open
\family default
by pressing
\family sans
O
\family default
- or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (Ctrl+O by
- default).
+ or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+ by default).
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Customization\SpecialChar \@.
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar endofsentence
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX can read LaTeX documents.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ can read \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ documents.
See section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Spellchecking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
+Spell-checking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-LyX for LaTeX Users
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Users
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "sec:latexusers"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you do not know anything about LaTeX, you do not have to read this section.
+If you do not know anything about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, you do not have to read this section.
Actually, you might want to
\emph on
learn
\emph default
- about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
- However, some who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
- If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
- LaTeX can do.
- The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
- in one form or another, and it definitely simplifies most parts of writing
- a LaTeX document.
+ about \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, and then read this chapter.
+ However, some of those who begin to use \SpecialChar LyX
+ will be familiar with \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ If you are such a person, you may be wondering if \SpecialChar LyX
+ can really do everything
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ can do.
+ The short answer is that \SpecialChar LyX
+ can do pretty much everything \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ can do in one
+ form or another, and it definitely simplifies most parts of writing a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Because this is just a tutorial, we are only going to mention things that
- new LyX users will most likely be interested in.
+ new \SpecialChar LyX
+ users will most likely be interested in.
In the interests of keeping the Tutorial short, we will give only minimal
information here.
The
Objects
\emph default
- manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
- LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
+ manuals have a great deal of information on differences between \SpecialChar LyX
+ and \SpecialChar LaTeX
+,
+ and how to do various \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ tricks in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX Mode
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ Mode
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Anything that you enter in TeX mode will be passed straight to LaTeX, and
- will be displayed in red on the screen.
- You can use TeX commands in LyX by choosing
+Anything that you enter in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode will be passed straight to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, and will be
+ displayed in red on the screen.
+ You can use \SpecialChar TeX
+ commands in \SpecialChar LyX
+ by choosing
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-TeX
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar TeX
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Code
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
).
- This creates a box where everything within it is passed straight to LaTeX.
+ This creates a box where everything within it is passed straight to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
+In a math formula, \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode is handled a bit differently.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode is entered there by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
- You exit TeX mode by typing
+ You exit \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode by typing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
+ or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret
or parenthesis.
- Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
- it will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
+ Once you exit \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode, if \SpecialChar LyX
+ knows the \SpecialChar TeX
+ command you have typed in, it will
+ convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar endofsentence
So if you type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Space
\family default
-, LyX will change the red
+, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will change the red
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Toolbar
\family default
-, and will be especially convenient for experienced LaTeX users.
+, and will be especially convenient for experienced \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ users.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
+As a special case, if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+{
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula, the beginning
\emph on
and
\emph default
- ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
-\emph on
-out
-\emph default
- of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX does not know which
- take an argument.
+ ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
+ the braces.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands that take an argument.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX cannot do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ cannot do absolutely everything that \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ can do.
Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but are
not WYSIWYM.
- TeX mode allows users to get the full flexibility of LaTeX, while having
- all the convenient features of LyX, like WYSIWYM math, tables, and editing.
- LyX could never support every LaTeX package.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode allows users to get the full flexibility of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, while having all the
+ convenient features of \SpecialChar LyX
+, like WYSIWYM math, tables, and editing.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ could never support every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package.
However, by typing
\family typewriter
\backslash
usepackage{foo}
\family default
- in the preamble (see section
+ in the preamble (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Importing LaTeX Documents —
+Importing \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Documents —
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
+You can import a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file into \SpecialChar LyX
+ by using the
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Import\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaTeX
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Import\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
(plain)
\family default
- menu in LyX.
+ menu in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
This will call the program
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- which will create a file
+ which will create a file foo.lyx from the file foo.tex.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will then open that file.
+ If the translation does not work, you can try calling
\family typewriter
-foo.lyx
+tex2lyx
\family default
- from the file
+ from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Even when the translation does work,
\family typewriter
-foo.tex
+tex2lyx
\family default
- and then open that file.
- If the translation does not work, you can try calling
+ may not translate everything, though it does handle most legal \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ It will leave things it does not understand in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode; so, after translating
+ a file with
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+, you can look for the red text and manually edit it to get it right.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
- It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode, so after translating
- a file with
+ has its own documentation (manpage), which Unix/Linux users can access
+ via the console command
\family typewriter
+man
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
tex2lyx
\family default
-, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
+.
+ The manpage describes which \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands and environments are not supported,
+ what bugs you might run into (and how to get around them), and how to use
+ the various options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+It is important to understand that
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ can only translate files whose document class is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+known
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to \SpecialChar LyX
+, that is, for which there is a corresponding \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\family sans
+layout file
+\family default
+.
+ If there is no layout file, then you will get an error saying that the
+ conversion could not be performed.
+ So, unless you have a layout for the document class of your \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file,
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- has its own manpage.
- Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments are not
- supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
- options.
+ simply will not know how to translate the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ that it finds there into things
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ understands.
+ More about layout files and how they are created is explained in detail
+ in Chapter 5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Converting LyX Documents to LaTeX
+Converting \SpecialChar LyX
+ Documents to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You might wish to convert a LyX Document to a LaTeX file.
- For example, a co-worker or co-author who does not have LyX might want
- to read it.
+You might wish to convert a \SpecialChar LyX
+ Document to a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file.
+ For example, a co-worker or co-author who does not have \SpecialChar LyX
+ might want to
+ read it.
Select
\family sans
-File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaTeX
+File\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\family default
.
This will create a file
whatever.lyx
\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-LaTeX Preamble
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+ Preamble
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command.
- Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
- Put any extra options to the
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command in the
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options, such as changing the document
+ class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options and also options for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ packages can be entered there
+ in the
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra
+Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
+options
\family default
area.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you have special commands to put in the preamble of a LaTeX file, you
- can use them in a LyX document as well.
+If you have special commands to put in the preamble of a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ file, you can
+ use them in a \SpecialChar LyX
+ document as well.
Select
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaTeX
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
- Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
+ Anything you type will (as with \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode) be sent directly to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-BibTeX
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX has support for BibTeX, which allows you to build databases of bibliographic
-al references to be used in multiple documents.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ has support for Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+, which allows you to build databases of bibliographical
+ references to be used in multiple documents.
Select
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
List
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
/
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-BibTeX
+TOC\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
to include a
\family typewriter
-BibTeX
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\family default
file.
In the
\family sans
Database
\family default
- field you load BibTeX files, in the
+ field you load Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ files, in the
\family sans
Style
\family default
- field you can load BibTeX style files.
+ field you can load Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+ style files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
- you are including with
+After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
+ you have included with
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Citation
\family default
- (see section
+ (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
- LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
The box in the
\family sans
Citation
\family default
dialog will show a list of all the references in your
\family typewriter
-BibTeX
+Bib\SpecialChar TeX
+
\family default
file.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
- or LaTeX cannot understand.
- When this happens, LyX will open a
+Sometimes when you try to view a document, there will be errors, things
+ that \SpecialChar LyX
+ or \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ cannot understand.
+ When this happens, \SpecialChar LyX
+ will open a
\family sans
-LaTeX
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family default
dialog.
Clicking on individual errors in this dialog will take you to the place
- in the LyX document where the error occurs and also display the detailed
- LaTeX error message.
+ in the \SpecialChar LyX
+ document where the error occurs and also display the detailed \SpecialChar LaTeX
+
+ error message.
\end_layout
\end_body
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff