-#LyX 1.5.0rc1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 271
+#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 338
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
+\begin_preamble
+% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
+%
+%This preamble is designed to ensure that the document prints
+% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
+% parts of the document may not print out as expected. If you
+% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
+% the documentation team
+% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
+
+\usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle
+\ifpdf % if pdflatex is used
+
+ % set fonts for nicer pdf view
+ \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
+
+\fi % end if pdflatex is used
+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
+% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
+\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \frontmatter
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
+ \myTOC
+ \mainmatter }
+
+% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
+\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
+ L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
+ {LyX }}
+\end_preamble
\language english
-\inputencoding latin1
+\inputencoding auto
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
-\graphics none
-\paperfontsize default
+
+\graphics default
+\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
+\use_hyperref true
+\pdf_title "The LyX Tutorial"
+\pdf_author "LyX Team"
+\pdf_subject "LyX-documentation Tutorial"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX, documentation"
+\pdf_bookmarks true
+\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
+\pdf_bookmarksopen true
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2
+\pdf_breaklinks false
+\pdf_pdfborder false
+\pdf_colorlinks true
+\pdf_backref false
+\pdf_pagebackref false
+\pdf_pdfusetitle false
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 0
\paperpagestyle headings
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author "usti"
+\author ""
+\author ""
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Principal maintainer of this file is
-\noun on
-Amir Karger
-\noun default
-.
- If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
- Documentation mailing list,
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
+tion mailing list,
\family typewriter
-lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand tableofcontents
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\end_inset
or tried to put 3 blank lines between paragraphs.
- After much frustration, you found you couldn't.
- In fact, you'll find that most of the little tricks you're accustomed to
- using in other word processors just won't work in LyX.
+ You found out you couldn't and in fact, you'll find out that most of the
+ little tricks you're accustomed to use in other word processors won't work
+ in LyX.
That's because most word processors you've used before allow you to manually
enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So, bear with us and read on.
+So read on to learn more about LyX.
Reading this tutorial is definitely worth the time.
\end_layout
\emph on
is
\emph default
- and What it
+ and what it
\emph on
isn't
\end_layout
\emph on
Introduction
\emph default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- If you came to this manual first, go read the
+ manual.
+ If you came to this manual first, please read the
\emph on
Introduction
\emph default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- Yes, we mean now.
+ before you continue with the
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Getting the Most out of the Tutorial
+Getting the most out of the Tutorial
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the silly little things we're telling you to type and trying
- out all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
- For convenience, you might want to print out the PostScript® version of
- this document.
+ typing all the little things we're telling you to type and trying out all
+ of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Tutorial
\emph default
somewhat faster, since many LyX ideas are just LaTeX ideas in disguise.
- However, LyX does have idiosyncrasies
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-or, more optimistically,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-features
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- you'll want to learn about.
+ However, LyX have features you'll want to learn about.
Even if you don't feel like reading the rest of the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
-, you should definitely check out Section\InsetSpace ~
+, you should definitely check out Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:latexusers"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-What You
+What you
\emph on
-Won't
+won't
\emph default
- Find:
+ find
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-What, you want the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
- twice?
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Seriously, though, we're here to get you up and running so that all you
- need is the
+Look in the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
-.
- If we tried to duplicate all of the information about all of LyX's features
- in here, the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- would be redundant, too long, and forever out of date.
- All we do here is introduce things; imagine there is a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-see the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at the end of every section.
+ when you need this.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Unnecessary.
- If you're really curious about learning some of the neat tricks you can
- do with LaTeX, you can always go get a LaTeX book.
- There are several good ones on the market.
- No need to reinvent the wheel, after all\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+ If you want to learn some of the neat tricks you can do with LaTeX in LyX,
+ you can have a look at the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-So, brave soul, it's time to move onwards.
- Time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+It's time to move onwards, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
-Getting Started with LyX
+Getting started with LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Your First LyX Document
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:first-doc-ex"
+Your first LyX document
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Your-first-LyX"
\end_inset
- OK\SpecialChar \@.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+OK\SpecialChar \@.
You're ready to start writing.
- Before you do, though, there are a few things we need to mention, which
- will hopefully make the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- more instructive, useful, and fun.
+ Before you do, there are a few things we need to mention, which will hopefully
+ make the Tutorial more instructive and useful.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Because there's lots of information that we won't be giving you, the
+Because there are informations we can't give you in the Tutorial, the
\emph on
first
\emph default
other
\series medium
help files.
- Luckily, this is very simple.
-
+ This is very simple:
\series default
- Start up LyX.
- Choose the
+ Start up LyX, Choose the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
from the
\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp
+Help
\family default
menu.
You may want to load the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
- as well (if you're not reading it on screen already).
- This way, you can read them while you're writing your own file
+ as well (if you're not reading it within LyX already).
+ This way, you can read them while you're writing your own file.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
They can also serve as good examples of how to use the many features of
LyX.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
Note that once you've got more than one document open, you can use the
\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew
+View
\family default
menu or the document tabs to switch between them.
- The
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- will not cover in detail subjects which are described in the other LyX
- manuals.
- This may make life a bit harder for you at the beginning, but it will keep
- the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- short.
- It will also get you in the habit of using the other manuals, which ---
- in the long run --- will save you a lot of time.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, we're going to assume that you have a fully working version of LyX, as
- well as LaTeX,
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- or some other dvi viewer,
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- or some other way of converting
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- documents to PostScript® documents, and a working printer.
- This is a lot to assume.
- If any of this is not true, you (or a friendly system administrator) will
- need to set up your system.
- You can find information on setup in other manuals.
+In this Tutorial, we're going to assume that you have a fully working version
+ of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution, a DVI-, and a PDF-viewer.
+ This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distribution, as well
+ as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installer.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, we've written a file to let you practice your LyX skills on.
- It's called
+Finally, we've written a file to let you practice your LyX skills on, it's
+ called
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The hints are located in yellow
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- If you want to cheat (or check what you've done), there's also a file called
+ If you want to cheat, or check what you've done, there's also a file called
\family typewriter
example_lyxified.lyx
\family default
- which contains the same text as written and typeset by a LyX master.
+ which contains the same text written and typeset by a LyX master.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The example files can be found in the
\family typewriter
-examples/
-\family default
- directory, which you can get to by selecting
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
-\family default
- and then clicking on the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-xamples
+examples
\family default
- button.
+ directory of LyX's installation folder.
Open the raw document, and use
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Save
-\bar under
-\InsetSpace ~
-A
-\bar default
-s
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
\family default
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
- the dvi output.
+ the DVI output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
By the way, the
\family typewriter
-examples/
+examples
\family default
directory contains lots of other examples files.
They will show you how to do various fancy things with LyX.
- They are especially useful to display things that (due to length or other
- reasons) won't fit in the documentation.
- After you read the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, or when you're confused about how to do something fancy in LyX, take a
- look at these files.
+ After you read the Tutorial, or when you're confused about how to do something
+ fancy in LyX, take a look at these files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Typing, Viewing, and Printing
+Typing, Viewing, and Exporting
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Open a new file with
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-ew
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Itemize
Save your document with
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Save\InsetSpace ~
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-s\SpecialChar \@.
+As\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Run LaTeX to create a
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, with
+Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- You may see things being printed in the window you ran the
-\family typewriter
-lyx
-\family default
- command from.
- These are messages from LaTeX, which you can ignore for now.
- LyX will run
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- (or some other
-\family typewriter
-dvi
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
\family default
- viewer), which will pop up a new window displaying what your document will
- look like when printed.
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document looking like
+ when printed.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-You can save time by leaving
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- running in the background.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
Then, you can use
\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
+ scale 75
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
- and just click on the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX finishes running.
+ and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
+ finishes running.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Print by using
+Export the ready to print document with
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-rint
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export
\family default
- and hitting
+ to a format you want
\family sans
-OK\SpecialChar \@.
-
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Congratulations! You've written and printed your first LyX document.
- All of the rest is just details, which is covered in the rest of the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
-, and the
-\emph on
-Extended
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-Features
-\emph default
-.
+Congratulations! You've written your first LyX document.
+ All of the rest is just details, which is covered in the other manuals.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can of course do most of the things you're used to doing with a word
- processor.
+LyX can of course do most of the things you're used to do with a word processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
Here's a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
\end_layout
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
you've done since your current editing session started, by selecting
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
\family default
- over and over again.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) over and over again.
If you undo too much, just select
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Redo
\family default
- to get it back.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to get it back.
\end_layout
\emph on
everything
\emph default
-; for instance, changes to the document layout.
- Each of these is really a LyX bug.
+; for instance, not for changes to the document layout what is really a
+ LyX bug.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Description
Cut/Paste/Copy Use
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cut
\family default
-,
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+),
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Copy
\family default
-, and
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+), and
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Paste
\family default
- to cut, copy, and paste.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to cut, copy, and paste.
Or automatically paste selected text (including selections from other programs)
with the
\emph on
\begin_layout Description
Find/Replace Use
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
Replace
\family default
- for a search.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to search.
In the dialog, search with the
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Next
\family default
button, and use the
\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eplace
+Replace
\family default
button to replace a word you've found
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-Close the window when you're done.
- Or leave it open if you find it more convenient.
- Most dialog boxes in LyX --- including the
-\family sans
-Find\InsetSpace ~
-&\InsetSpace ~
-Replace
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Layout
-\family default
- dialogs, as well as the various math dialogs can operate like this.
- A few dialogs, like
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
-\family default
-, won't let you type anything in the main LyX window until you actually
- close the dialog.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Close the window when you're done or leave it open if you find it more convenien
+t.
+ Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
Just be sure you have the right window focus when you're trying to type
- in the main LyX window or give a command in some other LyX dialog.
+ in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Character\InsetSpace ~
+Character
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Formatting You can
\emph on
emphasize
\emph default
- text (which will generally put characters in italics), put it in
+ text (which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
\series bold
bold face
\series default
(usually small caps, used for people's names) from the toggle buttons in
the
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\InsetSpace ~
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-tyle
+Style
\family default
- dialog.
+ dialog (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
\begin_layout Subsection
WYSIWYM: Whitespace in LyX
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:whitespace"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
One of the hardest things for new users to get used to is the way that LyX
handles whitespace.
As many times as you hit
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many commercial word processors are based on the WYSIWYG principle:
+Many word processors are based on the WYSIWYG principle:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\emph default
.
Most of a document is made up of regular text.
- Section (chapter, subsection, etc.) titles let the reader know that a new
+ Section titles (chapter, subsection, etc.) let the reader know that a new
topic or subtopic will be discussed.
Certain types of documents have special environments.
- A journal article will have an abstract, and a title.
+ A journal article will have an abstract and a title.
A letter will have neither of these, but will probably have an environment
that gives the writer's address.
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box is located on the left end of the toolbar (just under the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
-\family default
- menu).
+ choice box is located on the left end of the toolbar and looks like this:
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ scale 75
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
It indicates which environment you're currently writing in.
While you were writing your first document, it said
\begin_inset Quotes eld
which is the default environment for text.
Now you will put a number of environments in your new document so that
you can see how they work.
- You'll do so with the
-\family sans
-Environment
-\family default
- menu, which you open by clicking on the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-down arrow
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- icon just to the right of the
-\family sans
-Environment
-\family default
- box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\family sans
Section
\family default
- from the
+ in the
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu
+ box.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
You don't have to
\emph on
select
\end_inset
-.
Be sure to use
\family sans
Section
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu again.
+ box again.
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
and waits for you to type a title.
Type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
\family typewriter
-More Stuff
+More
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Stuff
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
, and you'll see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It gets better.
- Go to the end of Section\InsetSpace ~
+ Go to the end of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
1 again (after
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu again.
+ box again.
Again, LyX writes
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
About This Document
\family default
.
- Section\InsetSpace ~
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, which used to be Section\InsetSpace ~
-2, has been automatically renumbered to Section\InsetSpace ~
-3!
- In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
+, which used to be Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2, has been automatically renumbered to Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+3! In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
up the section titles, and LyX takes care of numbering the sections and
typesetting them.
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu.
+ box.
LyX numbers the subsection
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- If you put yet another section before Section\InsetSpace ~
-2, Section\InsetSpace ~
-2 will be renumbered
- as Section 3, and the subsections will be renumbered to
+ If you put yet another section before Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2, Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 will be renumbered as Section 3, and the subsections will be renumbered
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
- to change this.
+ for an explanation and how to change this.
\family sans
Chapter
Section
\family default
s, but you're only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes) of
- LyX documents (see Section\InsetSpace ~
+ LyX documents (see Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:textclasses"
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
+ box to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
uses for a regular section, but it won't number that section.
There are corresponding
\begin_inset Quotes eld
Tab
\family default
a million times when writing an outline, or from renumbering a whole list
- when you want to add a point in the middle of the list, and lets you concentrat
-e on the list content.
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Yes, we're overemphasizing this point throughout the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
- But it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- the main philosophy of LyX, so please forgive us.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+ when you want to add a point in the middle of the list.
Different types of documents logically require different list environments:
\end_layout
List
\family default
environment --- not found in LaTeX --- is a slightly different form of
-
+ the
\family sans
Description
\family default
-.
+ environment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-Lyx is better than other word processors because:
+LyX is better than other word processors because:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu.
+ box.
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (actually, an asterisk, which will be converted to a round circle on output)
on the line.
Type in your reasons:
\end_layout
\emph default
, one way is to use the
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Break
\family default
, which you get by typing
\family default
environment (or just use the keybinding,
\family sans
-M-p\InsetSpace ~
+M-p
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
s
\family default
).
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
LyX won't let you select the first bullet unless you also select the paragraph
\emph on
\emph default
the list, which you probably don't want to do.
Similarly, you can't select the actual number in a numbered section title.
- Don't worry about it.
+ This is on purpose because the bullet or number depends on the document
+ settings or text position, respectively.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu.
+ box.
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
numbering.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
But a typesetter's tab, which will change to fit the size of the largest
term, not a pathetic, rigid, unchangeable typewriter
\family sans
If you want to have more than one word in the definition, then separate
the words with
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Blank
\family default
s.
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
- for details on the different sorts of lists, as well as examples which
- use
-\emph on
-a lot
-\emph default
- of nesting.
+ for details on the different sorts of lists and for examples of nestings.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Other Environments: Verses, Quotations, and More
+Other environments: Verses, Quotations, and more
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
LyX-Code
\family default
- environment, also used in the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- for the long typing examples) is written in a
+ environment
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+used in this Tutorial for the long typing examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) is written in a
\family typewriter
typewriter
\family default
Verse
\family default
in
-\begin_inset ERT
-status inlined
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-
-\backslash
-linebreak
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-
+
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Text classes
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:textclasses"
+Document Classes
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Different sorts of documents should be typeset differently.
For example, books are generally printed double-sided, while articles are
single-sided.
which do not make sense in a book or article.
The LyX
\emph on
-text class
+document class
+\emph default
+
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\emph default
takes care of these large scale differences between different sorts of
documents.
- This
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, for example, was written in the
+ This Tutorial, for example, was written in the
\family sans
Book
\family default
- text class.
- Text classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they tell
- LyX how to typeset the document, so you don't need to know how.
+ document class.
+ Document classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they
+ tell LyX how to typeset the document, so you don't need to know how.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Article
\family default
- text class
+ document class.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-That's usually the default text class
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+That's usually the default document class
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
- Try changing to other text classes (using the
+ Try changing to other document classes (using the
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
dialog) to see how they are typeset differently.
If you change your document to the
\family sans
Book
\family default
- text class and look at the
+ document class and look at the
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu, you'll see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
+ box, you'll see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
However, you can now use the
\family sans
Chapter
\family default
environment.
- If you're ever unsure about which environments you can use in a given text
- class, just consult the
+ If you are ever unsure about which environments you can use in a given
+ document class, just consult the
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu.
+ box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
For example, LyX supports typesetting (and extra environments) for the
American Mathematics Society journals using the
\family sans
-Article\InsetSpace ~
+Article
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
(AMS)
\family default
- text class.
+ document class.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here's a very quick reference to some of the text classes.
+Here is a very quick reference to some of the document classes.
See the
\emph on
Special Document Classes
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Name
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
article
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
one-sided, no chapters
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
article (AMS)
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
layout & environments for American Math Society
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
report
\end_layout
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
longer than article, two-sided
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
book
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
report + front and back matter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-slides
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+presentation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
-transparencies (also including FoilTeX)
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+transparencies
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
letter
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
lots of extra environments for address, signature\SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One of the most popular text classes is
-\family sans
-Letter
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- One way to write a letter would be to open a new file, and choose
+One way to write a letter would be to open a new file, and choose a
\family sans
Letter
\family default
class in the
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
dialog.
While this is the most obvious way to write a letter, it seems like extra
\begin_layout Standard
Open a new file with
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New\InsetSpace ~
-from\InsetSpace ~
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-emplate
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
\family default
.
Select
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu, you'll see several environments, like the
+ box, you'll see several environments, like the
\family sans
-My\InsetSpace ~
+My
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
- environment, which don't even exist in most other text classes.
+ environment, which don't even exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
\family sans
Quote
\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
- This word doesn't show up in the actual letter, as you'll see if you try
- printing the file.
+ This word doesn't show up in the actual letter, as you'll see if you view/expor
+t the file.
It's just there to let you know where the signature goes.
Also, note that it doesn't matter where in the file the
\family sans
as a new template.
From now on, any time you want to write a letter, you can use the new template
to save time.
- We probably don't have to suggest an actual
+ We don't have to suggest an actual
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
One warning, if you're writing from a template.
If you erase all of the text in an environment --- for example, if you
erase the whole
\family sans
-My\InsetSpace ~
+My
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Address
\family default
field so that you can replace it with your own --- and then you move the
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- menu to get it back.
+ box to get it back.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Templates can be a huge time-saver, and we urge you to use them whenever
possible.
In addition, they can help a person learn how to use some of the fancier
- text classes.
+ document classes.
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
When they're first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if they
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Go back to your
-\family typewriter
-newfile.lyx
-\family default
- document and make sure it's using the
+Go back to your LyX document and make sure it's using the
\family sans
Article
\family default
- text class.
+ document class.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
You should not be using the letter any more, since the
\family sans
Letter
\family default
- textclass doesn't allow titles.
+ document class doesn't allow titles.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Labels and Cross-References
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:labels"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:labels"
+You can label section headings, list items, formulas, footnotes, and floats
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats are explained in the
+\emph on
+User's Guide
+\emph default
+ and the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-You can label a section (or subsubsection, or, more rarely, just a random
- piece of text) in your document.
+ in your document.
Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
using cross-references.
You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
appears on.
- As with sections and footnotes, LyX worries about the cross-references
+ As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
for you.
Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Let's mark our second section, whose title is
+Go to our second section, whose title is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
Click at the end of the section title line, and select
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
A dialog asks you for a label name, and gives you a suggestion.
When you click on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So far you haven't done anything --- the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file will look exactly the same, since labels don't show up in the printed
- document.
- However, now that you've added a label, you can refer to that label with
+So far you haven't done anything --- the DVI output will look exactly the
+ same, since labels don't show up in the printed document.
+ However, now that you have added a label, you can refer to that label with
cross-references.
We'll do that next.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection*
-Your first cross-references
+Your first cross-reference
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Place the cursor somewhere in Section\InsetSpace ~
+Place the cursor somewhere in Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
2 of your document.
Type
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
If you want to know more about this document, then see
-\newline
-Section , which can
- be found on page .
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Section , which can be found on page .
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
--- choose
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross\InsetSpace ~
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eference
+Reference
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
The
\family sans
-Reference
+Cross-reference
\family default
dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-sec:aboutdocument
+sec:About-This-Document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and change the reference type to use the page number then click
+, and change the reference format to use the page number then click
\family sans
Apply
\family default
.
(To be really correct, you should put a
\family sans
-Protected\InsetSpace ~
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Blank
\family default
in between the word
In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with either
the page or section number (depending on what you selected in the
\family sans
-Reference
+Cross-reference
\family default
dialog).
- Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-, and you'll see that on the last page we refer to
+ View your document as DVI, and you'll see that on the last page we refer
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Section\InsetSpace ~
+Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Page\InsetSpace ~
+Page
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (or whatever page Section\InsetSpace ~
+ (or whatever page Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
2's title is on).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Conveniently, a cross-reference acts as a hyperlink when you're editing
+Conveniently, a cross-reference acts as a hyperlink when you are editing
a document in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
\family sans
-Reference
+Cross-Reference
\family default
dialog, clicking
\family sans
-Go\InsetSpace ~
-to\InsetSpace ~
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Label
\family default
will move the cursor to the referenced label.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We told you that LyX worries about numbering cross-references; now you can
- test that.
- Add a new section before Section\InsetSpace ~
+We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
+ can test that.
+ Add a new section before Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
2.
- Now rerun LaTeX, and --- voilà ! --- the section cross reference changed
+ Update the DVI view, and --- voilà ! --- the section cross reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-! Change
+! Change the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- to a subsection, and the cross-reference will reference Subsection\InsetSpace ~
-2.1 instead
- of Section\InsetSpace ~
+ to a subsection, and the cross-reference will reference Subsection
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1 instead of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
3.
The page reference won't change unless you add a whole page of text before
the label, of course.
If you want some more practice with labels, then try putting a new label
where your first cross-reference was, and refer to that label from elsewhere
in the document.
- If you'll be inserting cross-references often (if, for example, you're
- writing a journal article), it may be convenient to leave the
+ If you'll be inserting cross-references often, it may be convenient to
+ leave the
\family sans
-Reference
+Cross-reference
\family default
dialog open.
\end_layout
\family sans
Paste
\family default
- the stolen text into your document
+ the stolen text into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- aren't allowed in the article class.
- If this happens, just delete the chapter title.
- If you want to know why this happens, see Section\InsetSpace ~
+ aren't allowed in the article class, see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:textclasses"
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
\end_inset
.
-
+ If this happens, just delete the chapter title.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Footnotes can be added using the
-\family sans
-Insert\InsetSpace ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button in the toolbar
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The button shows an arrow pointing to red text, which is just below some
- black text.
-\end_layout
+Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
\end_inset
- or
+ or the menu
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ootnote
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
+.
Click at the end of the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- somewhere in your document and hit the
-\family sans
-Insert\InsetSpace ~
-Footnote
-\family default
+ somewhere in your document and click the
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
button.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-foot.
+foot
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- The footnote box disappears, leaving the button showing where the footnote
+.
+ The footnote box is closed, leaving the button showing where the footnote
marker will be in the printed text; this is called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You may wonder why the footnote button is a word instead of a number.
- The answer is that LyX worries about the footnote numbering for you in
- the printed text.
- You can see this yourself by looking at the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file (or printout).
+ The answer is that LyX takes care about the footnote numbering for you
+ in the printed text.
+ You can see this yourself by looking at the DVI file (or printout).
If you add other footnotes, LyX will renumber the footnotes.
Since LyX (well, LaTeX, actually) takes care of the footnote numbering,
there's really no need to put the numbers in the LyX file.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
It may be easier to select it using the keyboard.
You might accidentally open the footnote if you're trying to select the
marker itself with the mouse.
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\family sans
-Insert\InsetSpace ~
-Footnote
-\family default
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
\family sans
Backspace
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Margin notes can be added using the toolbar button (the button shows an
- arrow pointing to red text next to (i.e., in the margin of) black text, and
- should be next to the
-\family sans
-Insert\InsetSpace ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button in the toolbar.) or
+Margin notes can be added using the menu
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-arginal\InsetSpace ~
Note
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
\SpecialChar \@.
Margin notes are like footnotes, except that:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Bibliographies
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:bibliographies"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
- numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the items'
- numbers change.
+ numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the item numbers
+ change.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
environment.
Now, each paragraph you type will be a reference.
Type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
\family typewriter
The Lyx Tutorial, by the LyX Documentation Team
\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
as your first reference.
Note that LyX automatically puts a number in a box before each reference.
- Click on the boxed reference number, and a
+ Click on the boxed reference number, and the
\family sans
-Bibliography\InsetSpace ~
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
item
\family default
dialog box appears.
- You use the first field, the
+ The
\family sans
Key
\family default
-, to refer to this reference within the LyX document.
- By default, it is a number.
- Change the
+ is to refer to this reference within the LyX document, the
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ appears in output.
+ When no
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
+ Change now the
\family sans
Key
\family default
Now pick somewhere in your document that you would like to insert a reference.
Do so with
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-itation
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
A
\family sans
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (right now, that's the only item in the bibliography), then use the left
- arrow in the center to insert it.
+ (right now, that's the only item in the bibliography), then use the
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ button in the center to insert it.
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
- of keys this way.) Now run LaTeX, and you'll see that the citation appears
- in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the
- document.
+ of keys this way.) Now view your file as DVI, and you'll see that the citation
+ appears in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end
+ of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How are the other fields used? The
+The
\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ext\InsetSpace ~
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
after
\family default
field in the
to refer to a paper written by Smith in 1995), use the
\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel
+Label
\family default
field in the
\family sans
-Bibliography\InsetSpace ~
-Entry\InsetSpace ~
-Settings
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+item
\family default
dialog.
- As usual, you can see the
+ As usual, see the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\family default
after your document title and before your first section title and choose
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\InsetSpace ~
-/\InsetSpace ~
-T
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ontents
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Contents
\family default
.
The words
\begin_layout Standard
This may not appear to be very useful.
- However, if you look at your
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, you will see that a table of contents has been generated, listing
- the various sections and subsections in your document.
+ However, if you look at your DVI file, you will see that a table of contents
+ has been generated, listing the various sections and subsections in your
+ document.
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
- changes in the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file when you update it.
+ changes in the DVI file when you update it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document,
- because you can't edit it anyway.
- However, you can display the table of contents in a separate window by
- clicking on the table of contents button, or by using
+The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document
+ to keep the overview in your file.
+ But you can display the table of contents in a separate window by clicking
+ on the table of contents button, or by using
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- The menu command will work even if you don't have a table of contents inset
- in your document.
- This is a very useful tool.
- You can use the
-\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
-\family default
- window to move around your document.
+ This menu will work even if you don't have a table of contents inset in
+ your document.
+ This is a very useful tool where you can move around your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
-of\InsetSpace ~
-Contents
+Outline
\family default
- window will highlight that line and move the cursor (in the LyX editing
+ window will highlight that line and move the display (in the LyX editing
window) to that place in the document.
You can also use the arrow keys to move up and down in the table of contents.
You may therefore find it convenient to leave this window open throughout
editing sessions.
You can get similar functionality from the
\family sans
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-avigate
+Navigate
\family default
menu, though, where the table of contents appears automatically.
\end_layout
commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
If, on the other hand, you've never written in LaTeX, then the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
- will allow you to write professional-looking math quickly and easily
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can't check if the math you're writing is actually
-\emph on
-correct
-\emph default
-.
- Sorry.
-\end_layout
-
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
+Panel
+\family default
+ will allow you to write professional-looking math quickly and easily.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now, that equation doesn't look very good, even in the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file; there's no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you'd
- like to write an actual superscript for the
+Now, that equation doesn't look very good in LyX and in the output; there's
+ no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you'd like to write
+ an actual superscript for the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
- In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button with
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
+ In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Inline
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
- written on it in blue.
+Formula
+\family default
+.
LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- LyX has placed the cursor in the blue square, so just type
+ Now just type
\family typewriter
E=mc^2
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Run LaTeX and look at the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file.
+Run LaTeX and look at the output.
Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
\begin_inset Quotes eld
sqrt
\family default
; this can be frustrating, because you can't see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find missing
- brackets or other
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+ like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-bugs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-.
- On the other hand, LyX doesn't attempt to get the expression to look perfect
- (WYSIWYG), but it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression
- will look like.
+missing brackets.
+ LyX doesn't attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
+ it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression will look like.
LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
- 99% of the time, you won't have to make any changes to the font sizes or
- spacing that LaTeX outputs.
- This way (sorry to be so repetitive) you can focus on the
-\emph on
-content
-\emph default
- of your mathematical expressions, not their format.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Select text either with the arrow keys or with the mouse.
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
\family default
- works in math mode, as does cutting and pasting.
- One thing to be careful of: if you're right outside a formula and you type
-
+ works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
+ One thing to be careful of: If you are left or right outside a formula
+ and you press
\family sans
Delete
\family default
- (or
+ or
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
-), it will delete the whole expression.
+, respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
\family sans
Undo
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, then typing
+, then press
\family sans
Up
\family default
- will move the cursor to the level of the superscript, just before the
+ and the cursor is moved to the level of the superscript, just before the
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Down
\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- In fact, if you hit
+ When you hit
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ instead of
\family sans
Down
\family default
- from anywhere within the superscript, the cursor will be placed just
+, the cursor will be placed
\emph on
after
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
An exponent can be entered from the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
(see below), but it's actually simpler just to type the caret key,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\family sans
Esc
\family default
- to exit Mathed entirely) will be in the superscript.
+ to exit the formula entirely) will be in the superscript.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-The
-\family sans
-Math Panel
+The Math Toolbar
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform many complicated Mathed
- functions.
- Many of these functions can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ operations.
+ Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
\family default
or
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar default
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
\family default
-\bar default
menus.
However, we're going to concentrate on using the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbars
\family default
, just to let you know what's out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
later, from other manuals.
- So open it using
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+math toolbar
+\family default
+ is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toolbars
+\family default
+.
+ When you click there on
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\bar default
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Pane
-\bar under
-l
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ in the
+\family sans
+Toolbars
\family default
-\bar default
- now and leave it open while reading this section.
-\end_layout
+ menu with a checkmark.
+ When you click in this state again on
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Standard
-Right-clicking on a formula will open the
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
\family sans
-Math Panel
+Toolbars
\family default
- for you.
+ menu, the
+\family sans
+math toolbar
+\family default
+ is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
+ by the renaming of the menu entry from
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(auto)
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To type a square root, just click on the button with a square root sign
- on it.
+To type a square root, just click on the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
The square root appears, and the cursor is in a new insertion point inside
the square root.
You can type variables, numbers, other square roots, fractions, whatever
\end_inset
) is done the same way.
- The
-\family sans
-Decoration
-\family default
- types are available from the panel.
+ Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/hat.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
Click on a decoration, and LyX will insert that decoration with an insertion
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
\begin_layout Standard
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
- Hit the
-\family sans
-Delimiter
-\family default
- button, which features a blue square surrounded by brackets, to pop up
- the
+ Hit the delimiter button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to pop up the
\family sans
Delimiter
\family default
dialog.
Your current selection of delimiters is displayed in a box.
It's a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
- a brace and a parenthesis, or even choose the empty square to have something
+ a brace and a parenthesis, or choose the empty square to have something
like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family sans
Delimiter
\family default
- window.
+ dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- Using the
-\family sans
-Delimiter
-\family default
- window will guarantee that the delimiters are sized based on what's inside
- them.
+ So better use in this case one of the three delimiter buttons that insert
+ directly e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+a (
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+) pair.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
You can also put delimiters or a square root sign or a decoration on already
- existing text.
+ existing formula parts.
Select the portion of the formula that you want to adjust, and then click
on the button you want from the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
.
Try using this to change Newton's second law from scalar to vector form
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Fractions are very simple in Mathed.
- Just click on the
-\family sans
-Fraction
-\family default
- button in the
+To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/frac.png
+ lyxscale 75
+ scale 60
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
-, which shows a fraction with blue squares in the numerator and the denominator.
+.
LyX writes two insertion points in a fraction.
As you would expect, you can use arrow keys or the mouse to move around
a fraction.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in math mode, LyX thinks you're typing the product of the three variables
+ in math mode, LyX thinks you are typing the product of the three variables
\begin_inset Formula $s$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (typing
+ (pressing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- will just exit math mode).
+ will exit the formula).
So how do you get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin x$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin(x)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $sinx$
+\begin_inset Formula $sin(x)$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on
+Click on the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/functions.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and then on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the
-\family sans
-Functions
-\family default
- list in the
-\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
-\family default
-.
+ in the appearing function list.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is written in black, in upright roman type.
+ is displayed in LyX in black, and set in upright roman type.
The whole word is treated as one symbol, so if you type
\family sans
Backspace
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-x
+(x)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, which will be written in blue italics, like you expect in Mathed.
- In the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, the expression will be correctly typeset.
- Try it.
+, which will be written in blue italics, like you expect in a formula.
+ In the output, the expression will be correctly typeset.
+ Try it out.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Other commands you need to type in TeX mode using the
-\family sans
-Functions
-\family default
- box include other trigonometric functions and their inverses, hyperbolic
- functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
+The function list include other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+ hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\begin_layout Subsection
Matrices
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
-name "sec:matrices"
+Click on the matrix button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
\end_inset
-Click on the
-\family sans
-Matrix
-\family default
- button in the
+ in the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
.
- The dialog has two sliding bars which allow you to choose how many rows
- and columns you want in your matrix.
+ The appearing dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you
+ want in your matrix.
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
OK
\family default
.
\end_inset
matrix.
- As usual, you can put any sort of Mathed expression (a square root, another
+ As usual, you can put any sort of formula expression (a square root, another
matrix, etc.) in each insertion point.
You can also leave some of the insertion points empty if you want.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you suddenly need more rows or columns, use
+If you need to change the number of rows and columns, use the menu
\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Columns
+\family default
+ or the math toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Add\InsetSpace ~
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-ow
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Add\InsetSpace ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-olumn
-\family default
.
- They add a row or column just after the current position.
- Overdid it? Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-elete\InsetSpace ~
-Row
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-D
-\bar under
-e
-\bar default
-lete\InsetSpace ~
-Column
-\family default
- from the same menu.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
for information on how to change the horizontal alignment of each column,
and how to change the vertical position of the whole matrix.
Note that if you want to write a table containing text, you should use
- LyX' wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
+ LyX's wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
-), and multi-line equations (see Sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:multiline"
-
-\end_inset
-
-) must be in display mode.
+), and multi-line equations must be in display mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on the
-\family sans
-Display
-\family default
- button in the
+Click on the display button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-display.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
box.
LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it's
centered within that line.
Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
- The
-\family sans
-Display
-\family default
- button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple of your expressions
- to display mode and back.
+ The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
+ of your expressions to display mode and back.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One final note about the way displayed formulae are typeset: be careful
+One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: Be careful
about whether you're putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then don't
press
after
\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore be indented, which is probably not what you want.
+ That text will therefore eventually be indented, depending on your document
+ paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
-\begin_layout Standard
-After you've done it the hard way, why don't you give
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+After you've done it the hard way, give
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ases\InsetSpace ~
-environment
+Environment
\family default
- a try?
+ a try.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Mathed can do plenty more.
- By now, you're familiar with the basics, so we'll just refer to the
+LyX's math editor can do plenty more.
+ By now, you're familiar with the basics, so we refer to the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
Write macros.
These are very powerful, because you just define them once at the top of
the document, and then you can use them throughout the document.
- If you change the macro definition, the references to the macro will be
- changed throughout the document.
- Macros can even take arguments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things we didn't have time to mention in this
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
+Do lots of other things that can't be mentioned in this Tutorial.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Other Major LyX Features
+Other major LyX Features
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
- for more information.
- We'll just mention a couple more major things LyX can do\SpecialChar \ldots{}
+ and the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information.
+ We'll just mention a couple more major things LyX can do:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
LyX has WYSIWYM support for tables.
Use the
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
\family default
- to get a table.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to get a table.
Click on the table with the
\emph on
right button
\emph default
to get a
\family sans
-Table\InsetSpace ~
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Settings
\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX also supports including pictures in a number of formats (including JPEG
- and other bitmap formats, PostScript® and raw LaTeX) within documents.
+LyX also supports including pictures in any format within documents.
(You guessed it:
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-G
-\bar default
-raphics
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
\family default
-.
- Then click on the figure to choose the file to include, rotate or scale
- it, etc.) Tables and figures can have captions, and LyX will automatically
- generate lists of figures and/or tables.
-\end_layout
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
-\begin_layout Itemize
-Version control is supported, using RCS (
-\family typewriter
-man rcsintro
-\family default
- for more info).
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Then browse for the figure file, rotate or scale it, etc.) Tables and figures
+ can have captions, and LyX will automatically generate lists of figures
+ and/or tables.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
be configured in a number of ways.
Much configuration is done through
\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
\family default
.
For more information on this, check out
\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
Therefore, LyX has better support for non-English languages (such as Dutch,
German, French, Greek, Czech, Turkish, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
) than many word processors.
- Even some right-to-left languages like Hebrew or Arabic are supported.
- You can write documents in other languages, but you can also configure
- LyX to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
+ Even the right-to-left languages Arabic, Farsi, and Hebrew and the Asian
+ languages Chinese Japanese, and Korean are supported.
+ You can write documents in other languages and you can also configure LyX
+ to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
\end_layout
The LyX menus feature keybindings.
This means that you can do
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
\family default
- by typing
+ by pressing
\family sans
M-F
\family default
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-LyX can read in LaTeX documents.
- See Section\InsetSpace ~
+LyX can read LaTeX documents.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:tex2lyx"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Spellchecking and thesaurus facilities are available.
+Spellchecking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The text box near the bottom of the LyX window is called the minibuffer
- (after a similar feature in
-\family typewriter
-emacs
-\family default
-).
- This gives you access to all sorts of interesting functionality, including
- functionality which could break your document.
- In other words, don't type in the minibuffer unless you know what you're
- doing.
+Generation of indexes and nomenclatures/glossaries is supported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
LyX for LaTeX Users
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:latexusers"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
If you don't know anything about LaTeX, you don't have to read this section.
Actually, you might want to
\emph on
learn
\emph default
about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
- However, many people who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
+ However, some who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
LaTeX can do.
The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
in one form or another, and it definitely simplifies most parts of writing
a LaTeX document.
- The tool that is used to convert a LaTeX document to LyX was rewritten
- completely for LyX\InsetSpace ~
-1.4.
- It should now be able to handle most LaTeX gracefully.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Because this is just a tutorial, we are only going to mention things that
new LyX users will most likely be interested in.
- In the interests of keeping the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- short, we will give only minimal information here.
- The
+ In the interests of keeping the Tutorial short, we will give only minimal
+ information here.
+ The the
\emph on
-Extended Features
+Extended
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
\emph default
- manual, specifically the
+ and the
\emph on
-Secrets of the LaTeX Masters
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
\emph default
- chapter, has a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
+ manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
\end_layout
will be displayed in red on the screen.
You can use TeX commands in LyX by choosing
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Te
-\bar under
-X
-\bar default
-\InsetSpace ~
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Code
\family default
-.
- This creates a text box, and everything within it is passed straight to
- LaTeX.
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ This creates a box where everything within it is passed straight to LaTeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- Enter TeX mode by typing a backslash.
+ TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
You exit TeX mode by typing
or parenthesis.
Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you've typed in, it
will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
- So if, in a formula, you type
+ So if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
\family typewriter
\backslash
gamma
\family default
-, then when you type
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula and then press
\family sans
Space
\family default
This will work for almost all, non-complicated math macros.
This may be faster than using the
\family sans
-Math\InsetSpace ~
-Panel
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
\family default
, and will be especially convenient for experienced LaTeX users.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can't do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do (yet?).
+LyX can't do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do.
Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but aren't
WYSIWYM.
TeX mode allows users to get the full flexibility of LaTeX, while having
\backslash
usepackage{foo}
\family default
- in the preamble (see Section\InsetSpace ~
+ in the preamble (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:preamble"
\end_inset
Importing LaTeX Documents ---
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
-\end_layout
+\family default
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:tex2lyx"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Import\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX
+(plain)
\family default
- command in LyX.
- This will call
+ menu in LyX.
+ This will call the program
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
\family typewriter
foo.tex
\family default
- --- and then open that file.
+ and then open that file.
If the translation doesn't work, you can try calling
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
You might wish to convert a LyX Document to a LaTeX file.
For example, a co-worker or co-author who doesn't have LyX might want to
read it.
- This is very easy to do with LyX.
Select
\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-xport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
.
This will create a file
whatever.lyx
\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files,
- so it is very good at generating LaTeX.
+ LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
\family default
dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
\family typewriter
\bar under
x
\bar default
-tra\InsetSpace ~
+tra
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Options
\family default
area.
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Other Preamble Matter
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset LatexCommand label
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
name "sec:preamble"
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
If you have special commands to put in the preamble of a LaTeX file, you
can use them in a LyX document as well.
Select
\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX\InsetSpace ~
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-reamble
+Preamble
\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
I
\bar default
nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\InsetSpace ~
-/\InsetSpace ~
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
T
\bar under
O
\bar under
B
\bar default
-ibTeX\InsetSpace ~
-Reference
+ibTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
\family default
to include a
\family typewriter
-bib
-\family default
- file.
- Click on the resulting
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-BibTeX\InsetSpace ~
-Generated\InsetSpace ~
-References
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- button, and you will get a
-\family sans
BibTeX
\family default
- dialog.
+ file.
In the
\family sans
Database
\family default
- field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-bibliography{}
-\family default
- command
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-Like in regular LaTeX, multiple bibliographies should be separated by commas,
- with no whitespace.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Similarly, in the
+ field you load BibTeX files, in the
\family sans
Style
\family default
- field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-bibliographystyle{}
-\family default
- command.
+ field you can load BibTeX style files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
After you've done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies you're
including with
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-itation
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
\family default
- (see Section\InsetSpace ~
+ (see section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand ref
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:bibliographies"
\end_inset
\family default
dialog will show a list of all the references in your
\family typewriter
-bib
+BibTeX
\family default
file.
\end_layout
or LaTeX can't understand.
When this happens, LyX will open a
\family sans
-LaTeX\InsetSpace ~
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Errors
\family default
dialog.
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff