-#LyX 1.6.4 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 413
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
\myTOC
\mainmatter }
-
-% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
-\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
- L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
- {LyX}}
\end_preamble
\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 0
\use_esint 0
+\use_mhchem 1
+\use_mathdots 1
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\use_refstyle 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle headings
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
- To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out
- all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ To get the most out of this document, you should read through it, typing
+ all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out all of
+ the exercises to see if you get them right.
For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
In this Tutorial, we are going to assume that you have a fully working version
- of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution, a DVI-, and a PDF-viewer.
+ of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution and a PDF-viewer.
This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distributions, as well
as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installers.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
+Create a PDF file, with
\family sans
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+View
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
\end_inset
.
- LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document as it will
+ LyX will open a PDF-viewer program displaying your document as it will
look when printed.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
+You can save time by leaving the PDF-viewer running in the background.
Then, you can use
\family sans
View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Update
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-update"
\end_inset
- and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
- finishes running.
+ and just click on the PDF-viewer window (or unminimize it) afterwards.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to do with a word processor.
+LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to doing with a word
+ processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
Here is a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
- you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
+ you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Undo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/undo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
\end_inset
) over and over again.
Redo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/redo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
\end_inset
) to get it back.
-
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
Cut
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/cut.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
\end_inset
),
Copy
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/copy.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
\end_inset
), and
Paste
\family default
(toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/paste.png
scale 75
Replace
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
\end_inset
) to search.
\family sans
Replace
\family default
- button to replace a word you have found.
+ button to replace a word you have found.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
Close the window when you are done or leave it open if you find it more
convenient.
Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
- Just be sure you have the right window focus when you are trying to type
- in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
+ Just be sure you have the right window in focus when you are trying to
+ type in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Style
\family default
dialog (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
User's Guide
\emph default
has information about all that.
- It includes
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s and vertical space — which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
- spaces or blank lines — and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
- and paragraph alignments by hand.
+ It includes horizontal fills and vertical space — which are more powerful
+ and versatile than multiple spaces or blank lines — and ways to change
+ font sizes, character styles, and paragraph alignments by hand.
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
With standard word processors, you will be distracted by document formatting
, and typesets it in a font which is bigger than regular text but smaller
than the section title.
- Change the fourth line
+ Change the fourth line to the
\family sans
Subsection
\family default
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Itemize
\family default
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Enumerate
\family default
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Description
\family default
environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\family default
-, or
+ (also named
\family sans
-Labelling
+Labeling
\family default
-, environment is a variation on the
+) environment is a variation on the
\family sans
Description
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-LyX is better than other word processors because:
+LyX is better than other word processors because:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+).
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
on the line.
- Type in your reasons:
+ Type in your reasons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment (or just use the keybinding,
-\family sans
-Alt+P
-\begin_inset space ~
+ environment (or just use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "layout Standard"
\end_inset
-S
-\family default
).
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Enumerate"
+\end_inset
+
+).
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
numbering.
\end_layout
and
\family sans
List
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
-, in order to see what they look like.
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Labeling
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Description"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout List"
+\end_inset
+
+), in order to see what they look like.
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
the paragraph (until you hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
-.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
+).
+ The term is either typeset in boldface (
\family sans
Description
\family default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
Address
\family default
- environment, which do not even exist in most other document classes.
+ environment, that do not exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
Description
\family default
, are familiar.
\end_inset
Signature:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
document classes.
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
- When they are first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if
- they have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
+ When they are first learning LyX, it will be less intimidating if they
+ have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
using cross-references.
You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
appears on.
- As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
+ As with section numbering, LyX also takes care of cross-reference numbering
for you.
- Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
- LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
+ Automatic management of labels and cross-references is among the most significa
+nt advantages of LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now — with the cursor after the word `Section' — choose
+Now — with the cursor after the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ — choose
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cross
Reference
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
The Cross-reference dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
- At the moment, there should be only one, `sec:About-This-Document'.
- First, select the drop-down menu labelled Format and select '<reference>
- on page <page>.' Then select `sec:About-This-Document' (it may be selected
- by default), and a reference marker will appear containing `Ref+Text: sec:About
--This-Document' (To be really correct, you should put a
+ At the moment, there should be only one,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+<reference> on page <page>
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Then select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (it may be selected by default), and a reference marker will appear containing
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ref+Text: sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (To be really correct, you should put a
\family sans
Protected
\begin_inset space ~
Space
\family default
- in between the word `Section' and the reference).
- Alternatively to that method, you can right-click on a label and use in
- the appearing context menu
+ in between the word
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Section
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and the reference).
+ An alternative way to reference a label is to right-click the label and
+ select
\family sans
Copy as Reference
\family default
-.
+ in the appearing context menu.
The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be copied
to the actual cursor position via the menu
\family sans
Paste
\family default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl+V
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
).
In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with the
section number and then the page number.
View your document as DVI, and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
than that.
- It refers to `Section 2' and depending how much text you have between the
- start of Section 2 and this cross-reference you may see `on this page,'
- 'on the previous page' or `on page n' (whereas n is the page number).
+ It refers to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Section 2
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and depending how much text you have between the start of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and this cross-reference you may see
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on this page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on the previous page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on page n
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (whereas
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the page number).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
- can test that.
+We told you that LyX takes care of numbering cross-references; now you can
+ test this claim.
Add a new section before Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
2.
- Update the DVI view, and — voilà! — the section cross reference changed
+ Update the DVI view, and — voilà! — the section cross-reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
- even for larger documents,
+If you want to confirm that the cross-referencing gets the pages right even
+ for larger documents,
\family sans
Copy
\family default
\family sans
Paste
\family default
- the stolen text into your document.
+ it into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- are not allowed in the article class, see section
+ are not allowed in the article class, see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
or the menu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- somewhere in your document and click the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
-\end_inset
-
- button.
+ somewhere in your document and insert a footnote.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
Type
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now click on the button labelled
+Now click on the button labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
\family sans
Delete
\family default
- key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively.
+ key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Note
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
+Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross-references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
Label
\family default
is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
- Change now the
+ Now change the
\family sans
Key
\family default
Citation
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
.
\begin_layout Standard
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
- LyX makes this very easy to do.
+ LyX makes this easy to do.
Just hit
\family sans
Return
Outline
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
\end_inset
.
This menu will work even if you do not have a table of contents inset in
your document.
- This is a very useful tool for moving around your document parts.
+ This is a very useful tool for rearranging your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
\family sans
Outline
\begin_layout Standard
Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
or use the menu
\family default
.
LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- Now just type
+ Now type
\family typewriter
E=mc^2
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Run LaTeX and look at the output.
- Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
- letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+Looking at the output you will notice that the expression was typeset nicely,
+ with spaces between the letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
sqrt
\family default
; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find e.
+ like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time
+ finding e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Undo
\family default
works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
- One thing to be careful of: If you are left or right outside a formula
+ One thing to be careful of: if you are left or right outside a formula
and you press
\family sans
Delete
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
-, respectively, you delete the whole formula.
+ respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
\family sans
Undo
Down
\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- When you hit
+ If you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy — start one by typing the underscore
- key,
+Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy; start one by typing the underscore
+ key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
_
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ .
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
this:
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-The Math Toolbar
+The Math toolbar
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols and/or to perform complicated formula
operations.
Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
\family sans
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbars
+toolbar
\family default
, just to let you know what is out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
- later, from other manuals.
+ and commands later from the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
in the menu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle math"
+\end_inset
+
+) the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
in the
\family sans
Toolbars
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
- arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
+ allows you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: operators,
+ arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
limits on sums and integrals.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Nothing you can do that can not be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- All you need is
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
To type a square root, just click on the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
.
\begin_layout Standard
Accenting a character (
-\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a}$
\end_inset
) or group of characters (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
\end_inset
-) is done the same way.
- Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
+) is done similarly, and is an example of inserting a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+frame decoration
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
.
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
- type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
- letter.
+ type, and those that have a fixed size, and are most appropriate for a
+ single letter.
\end_layout
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
Hit the delimiter button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
to pop up the
dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- So better use in this case one of the three delimiter buttons that insert
- directly e.
+ So it is better in this case to use one of the three delimiter buttons
+ that insert directly e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- lyxscale 75
- scale 60
- scaleBeforeRotation
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac"
+\end_inset
+ or
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
in the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
+Functions: lim, log, sin and others
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Toolbar
\family default
button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
and then on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The function list include other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+The function list includes other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\begin_layout Standard
Click on the matrix button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
in the
Columns
\family default
or the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on the display button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-display.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+While being in a formula, click on the display button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-display"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
-, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
- box.
- LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it
- is centered within that line.
- Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
+.
+ This centers the formula and adds a blank line before and after it.
+ Now type in an expression and compile your file to see how it looks.
The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
of your expressions to display mode and back.
\begin_layout Itemize
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
- written under rather than next to the symbols
+ written under and over rather than next to the symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
after
\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore eventually be indented, depending on your document
+ That text will be indented or follow a blank line, depending on your document
paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
\end_layout
Exercise
\series default
: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
- to write an equation like
+ to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
0 & x=0\\
-\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
+\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0
+\end{array}\right.
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's math editor can do plenty more.
- By now, you are familiar with the basics, so we refer to the
+Now you are familiar with the basics.
+ LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
+ You can refer to the
\emph on
-User's Guide
+Math
\emph default
- for tips on how to:
+ manual for tips on how to:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Labeling and numbering expressions
+Label and number expressions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Multi-line equations
+Create multi-line equations.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things that cannot be mentioned in this Tutorial.
+Almost all you can do with math.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
Table
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
) to get a table.
Settings
\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
+ By pressing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle table"
+\end_inset
+
+ the table toolbar will appear permanently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Graphics
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
).
\family sans
O
\family default
- or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (Ctrl+O by
- default).
+ or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+ by default).
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Spellchecking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
+Spell-checking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Code
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
).
\begin_layout Standard
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
+ TeX mode is entered there by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
You exit TeX mode by typing
\family default
or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
or parenthesis.
- Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
+ Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
it will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
So if you type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
+As a special case, if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+{
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula, the beginning
\emph on
and
\emph default
- ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
-\emph on
-out
-\emph default
- of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX does not know which
- take an argument.
+ ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
+ the braces.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands that take an argument.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
usepackage{foo}
\family default
- in the preamble (see section
+ in the preamble (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- which will create a file
+ which will create a file foo.lyx from the file foo.tex.
+ LyX will then open that file.
+ If the translation does not work, you can try calling
\family typewriter
-foo.lyx
+tex2lyx
\family default
- from the file
+ from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Even when the translation does work,
\family typewriter
-foo.tex
+tex2lyx
\family default
- and then open that file.
- If the translation does not work, you can try calling
+ may not translate everything, though it does handle most legal LaTeX.
+ It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode; so, after translating
+ a file with
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+, you can look for the red text and manually edit it to get it right.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
- It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode, so after translating
- a file with
+ has its own documentation (manpage), which Unix/Linux users can access
+ via the console command
\family typewriter
+man
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
tex2lyx
\family default
-, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
+.
+ The manpage describes which LaTeX commands and environments are not supported,
+ what bugs you might run into (and how to get around them), and how to use
+ the various options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+It is important to understand that
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ can only translate files whose document class is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+known
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ to LyX, that is, for which there is a corresponding LyX
+\family sans
+layout file
+\family default
+.
+ If there is no layout file, then you will get an error saying that the
+ conversion could not be performed.
+ So, unless you have a layout for the document class of your LaTeX file,
+
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- has its own manpage.
- Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments are not
- supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
- options.
+ simply will not know how to translate the LaTeX that it finds there into
+ things LyX understands.
+ More about layout files and how they are created is explained in detail
+ in Chapter 5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
whatever.lyx
\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command.
- Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
- Put any extra options to the
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command in the
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options, such as changing the document
+ class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options and also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
+ there in the
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra
+Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
+options
\family default
area.
\end_layout
\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
- Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
+ Anything you type will (as with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
List
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
/
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
- you are including with
+After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
+ you have included with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Citation
\family default
- (see section
+ (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
- LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
The box in the
\family sans
Citation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
- or LaTeX cannot understand.
+Sometimes when you try to view a document, there will be errors, things
+ that LyX or LaTeX cannot understand.
When this happens, LyX will open a
\family sans
LaTeX
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff