-#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 340
+#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 474
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
\myTOC
\mainmatter }
-
-% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
-\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
- L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
- {LyX }}
\end_preamble
+\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
+\font_math auto
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
-
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_bookmarks true
\pdf_bookmarksnumbered true
\pdf_bookmarksopen true
-\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2
+\pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 1
\pdf_breaklinks false
\pdf_pdfborder false
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
-\pdf_pagebackref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true,pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 0
-\use_esint 0
+\use_package amsmath 0
+\use_package amssymb 0
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 0
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle headings
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
-tion mailing list,
-\family typewriter
-
+\noindent
+If you have comments on or corrections to this documentation, please send
+ them to the LyX Documentation mailing list:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
\end_inset
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or don't
- know it very well.
- Now, don't panic - you won't need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
+This manual is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or
+ do not know it very well.
+ Now, do not panic - you will not need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
That is, after all, the whole point of LyX: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG
interface to LaTeX.
There are some things you will need to learn, however, in order to use
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- or tried to put 3 blank lines between paragraphs.
- You found out you couldn't and in fact, you'll find out that most of the
- little tricks you're accustomed to use in other word processors won't work
- in LyX.
- That's because most word processors you've used before allow you to manually
- enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
+ or tried to put three blank lines between paragraphs.
+ You found out you could not and, in fact, you will find out that most of
+ the little tricks you are accustomed to use in word processors will not
+ work in LyX.
+ That is because most word processors you have used before allow you manually
+ to enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
LyX does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you
focus on the important things, like the content of your writing.
\emph default
and what it
\emph on
-isn't
+is not
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we get started with this section, we want to make a quick note of
- something.
- The
+Before we get started with this section, you need to know that this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now that you know which fonts mean what, we want to talk a bit about what
- this
+Now that you know which fonts mean what in the documentation, we want to
+ talk a bit about what this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
- To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the little things we're telling you to type and trying out all
- of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ To get the most out of this document, you should read through it, typing
+ all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out all of
+ the exercises to see if you get them right.
For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you are familiar with LaTeX, you'll probably be able to read the
+If you are familiar with LaTeX, you will probably be able to read the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
somewhat faster, since many LyX ideas are just LaTeX ideas in disguise.
- However, LyX have features you'll want to learn about.
- Even if you don't feel like reading the rest of the
+ However, LyX has features you will want to learn about.
+ Even if you do not feel like reading the rest of the
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\begin_layout Subsection
What you
\emph on
-won't
+will not
\emph default
find
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-It's time to move onwards, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+It is time to move on, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
OK\SpecialChar \@.
- You're ready to start writing.
+ You are ready to start writing.
Before you do, there are a few things we need to mention, which will hopefully
make the Tutorial more instructive and useful.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Because there are informations we can't give you in the Tutorial, the
+Because there is information we cannot give you in the Tutorial, the
\emph on
first
\emph default
help files.
This is very simple:
\series default
- Start up LyX, Choose the
+ Start up LyX, select the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
- as well (if you're not reading it within LyX already).
- This way, you can read them while you're writing your own file.
+ as well (if you are not reading it within LyX already).
+ This way, you can read them while you are writing your own file.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
- Note that once you've got more than one document open, you can use the
+ Note that once you have got more than one document open, you can use the
\family sans
View
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this Tutorial, we're going to assume that you have a fully working version
- of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution, a DVI-, and a PDF-viewer.
- This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distribution, as well
- as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installer.
+In this Tutorial, we are going to assume that you have a fully working version
+ of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution and a PDF-viewer.
+ This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distributions, as well
+ as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Finally, we've written a file to let you practice your LyX skills on, it's
- called
+Finally, we have written a file called
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
-.
- Imagine that it was typed by someone who didn't know about any of LyX's
+ to let you practice your LyX skills.
+ Imagine that it was typed by someone who did not know about any of LyX's
great features.
- As you learn new LyX functions, we'll suggest that you fix those parts
+ As you learn new LyX functions, we will suggest that you fix those parts
of
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
.
- It also contains
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-subtle
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- hints about how to fix things
+ It also contains `subtle' hints about how to fix things.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-.
- If you want to cheat, or check what you've done, there's also a file called
-
+ If you want to cheat, or check what you have done, there is also a file
+ called
\family typewriter
example_lyxified.lyx
\family default
examples
\family default
directory of LyX's installation folder.
- Open the raw document, and use
+ Open the document
+\family typewriter
+example_raw.lyx
+\family default
+ and use
\family sans
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Save
\family default
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
- the DVI output.
+ the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
directory contains lots of other examples files.
They will show you how to do various fancy things with LyX.
- After you read the Tutorial, or when you're confused about how to do something
- fancy in LyX, take a look at these files.
+ After you have read the Tutorial, or when you are confused about how to
+ do something fancy in LyX, take a look at these files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
+Create a PDF file, with
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
\end_inset
.
- LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document looking like
- when printed.
+ LyX will open a PDF-viewer program displaying your document as it will
+ look when printed.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
+You can save time by leaving the PDF-viewer running in the background.
Then, you can use
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-update"
\end_inset
- and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
- finishes running.
+ and just click on the PDF-viewer window (or unminimize it) afterwards.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Congratulations! You've written your first LyX document.
- All of the rest is just details, which is covered in the other manuals.
+Congratulations! You have written your first LyX document.
+ All of the rest is just details.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can of course do most of the things you're used to do with a word processor.
+LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to doing with a word
+ processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
- Here's a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
+ Here is a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
- you've done since your current editing session started, by selecting
+ you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
+
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Undo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/undo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
\end_inset
) over and over again.
Redo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/redo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
\end_inset
) to get it back.
-
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
Currently, undo is limited to 100 steps.
- Undo also doesn't work for
-\emph on
-everything
-\emph default
-; for instance, not for changes to the document layout what is really a
- LyX bug.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
Cut
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/cut.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
\end_inset
),
Copy
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/copy.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
\end_inset
), and
Paste
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/paste.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
\end_inset
) to cut, copy, and paste.
Replace
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
\end_inset
) to search.
\family sans
Replace
\family default
- button to replace a word you've found
+ button to replace a word you have found.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Close the window when you're done or leave it open if you find it more convenien
-t.
+Close the window when you are done or leave it open if you find it more
+ convenient.
Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
- Just be sure you have the right window focus when you're trying to type
- in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
+ Just be sure you have the right window in focus when you are trying to
+ type in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
If you like, you can specify whether to make the search case-sensitive,
or to search for only complete words; you can also search backwards through
the document.
\emph on
emphasize
\emph default
- text (which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
-\series bold
-bold face
-\series default
-, or in
+ text (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+, which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
\noun on
Noun Style
\noun default
- (usually small caps, used for people's names) from the toggle buttons in
- the
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+, usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
+ by using the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
+Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customized
\family default
dialog (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Toolbar There are buttons on the toolbar (just below the menus) which allow
- you to do some of the more popular functions, such as
+Toolbar Other buttons on the toolbar allow you to do some of the more popular
+ functions, such as
\family sans
-Paste
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+graphics
\family default
and
\family sans
-Print
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Of course, you haven't yet written enough to make most of these functions
+Of course, you have not yet written enough to make most of these functions
useful.
As you write more, though, try undoing, pasting, etc.
\end_layout
\family sans
Return
\family default
-, you'll only get one blank line.
+, you will only get one blank line.
As many times as you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
-, you'll only get one space.
- On a blank line, LyX won't let you type even one space.
+, you will only get one space.
+ On a blank line, LyX will not let you type even one space.
The
\family sans
Tab
\family default
- key won't move you forward one tab stop; in fact there
+ key will not move you forward one tab stop; in fact there
\emph on
are
\emph default
- no tab stops! There's no ruler at the top of the page to let you set tabs
+ no tab stops! There is no ruler at the top of the page to let you set tabs
or margins, either.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- You type what you mean, and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you,
+ You type what you mean and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you
so that the output looks nice.
A
\family sans
Return
\family default
- grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
+ grammatically separates paragraphs and a
\family sans
Space
\family default
- grammatically separates words, so there is no reason to have several of
+ grammatically separates words; so there is no reason to have several of
them in a row; a
\family sans
Tab
\family default
- has no grammatical function at all, so LyX does not support it.
- Using LyX, you'll spend more of your time worrying about the
+ has no grammatical function at all - so LyX does not support it.
+ Using LyX, you will spend more of your time worrying about the
\emph on
content
\emph default
- of your document, and less time worrying about the
+ of your document and less time worrying about the
\emph on
format.
User's Guide
\emph default
has information about all that.
- It includes
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s and vertical space --- which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
- spaces or blank lines --- and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
- and paragraph alignments by hand.
+ It includes horizontal fills and vertical space — which are more powerful
+ and versatile than multiple spaces or blank lines — and ways to change
+ font sizes, character styles, and paragraph alignments by hand.
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
- With standard word processors, you'll be distracted by document formatting
+ With standard word processors, you will be distracted by document formatting
throughout the writing process.
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- It indicates which environment you're currently writing in.
+ It indicates in which environment you are currently writing.
While you were writing your first document, it said
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family typewriter
Introduction
\family default
- on the first line of your LyX file, and select
+ on the first line of your new LyX file, and select
\family sans
Section
\family default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You don't have to
+You do not have to
\emph on
select
\emph default
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and you'll see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
+, and you will see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-my first LyX document
+my first LyX document.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, which used to be Section
+, which was Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
, and typesets it in a font which is bigger than regular text but smaller
than the section title.
- Change the fourth line
+ Change the fourth line to the
\family sans
Subsection
\family default
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Subparagraph
\family default
.
- We'll let you play with these on your own.
+ We will let you play with these on your own.
You may notice that paragraph and subparagraph headings are not numbered
by default, and that subparagraphs are indented; see the
\emph on
\family sans
Section
\family default
-s, but you're only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes) of
- LyX documents (see Section
+s, but you are only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes)
+ of LyX documents (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Environment
\family default
box to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
- uses for a regular section, but it won't number that section.
+ uses for a regular section, but it will not number that section.
There are corresponding
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
.
Try changing some of your sections or subsections to the starred environments,
- and note how the other sections' numbers are updated.
+ and note how the other section numbers are updated.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Itemize
\family default
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Enumerate
\family default
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Description
\family default
environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\family default
- environment --- not found in LaTeX --- is a slightly different form of
- the
+ (also named
+\family sans
+Labeling
+\family default
+) environment is a variation on the
\family sans
Description
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Let's write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
+Let us write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
Somewhere in your document, type:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-LyX is better than other word processors because:
+LyX is better than other word processors because:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+).
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
on the line.
- Type in your reasons:
+ Type in your reasons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
Return
\family default
.
- Instead, LyX assumes you're going on to the next item in the list.
+ Instead, LyX assumes you are going on to the next item in the list.
The above will therefore result in a three-item list.
If you want more than one paragraph within one list
\emph on
\family default
, which you get by typing
\family sans
-C-Return
+Ctrl+Return
\family default
.
In order to get out of the list, you need to reselect the
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment (or just use the keybinding,
-\family sans
-M-p
-\begin_inset space ~
+ environment (or just use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "layout Standard"
\end_inset
-s
-\family default
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You've got a beautiful itemized list.
+You now have a beautiful itemized list.
You might want to run LaTeX to see how the list looks when printed out.
But what if you wanted to number the reasons? Well, just select the whole
list
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LyX won't let you select the first bullet unless you also select the paragraph
-
+LyX will not let you select the first bullet (or the actual number in a
+ numbered section title) unless you also select the paragraph
\emph on
before
\emph default
- the list, which you probably don't want to do.
- Similarly, you can't select the actual number in a numbered section title.
+ it, which you probably do not want to do.
This is on purpose because the bullet or number depends on the document
settings or text position, respectively.
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Enumerate"
+\end_inset
+
+).
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
numbering.
\end_layout
and
\family sans
List
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\family default
-, in order to see what they look like.
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Labeling
+\family default
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Description"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout List"
+\end_inset
+
+), in order to see what they look like.
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
the paragraph (until you hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
-.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
+).
+ The term is either typeset in boldface (
\family sans
Description
\family default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Blank
+Space
\family default
s.
\end_layout
\family typewriter
typewriter
\family default
- font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you're allowed to
+ font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you are allowed to
use multiple spaces to allow code indenting.
You can even write poetry using the
\family sans
\family default
to separate stanzas, and
\family sans
-C-Return
+Ctrl+Return
\family default
to separate lines within a stanza.
See the
\family sans
Verse
\family default
- in
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
+ in
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\end_layout
For example, books are generally printed double-sided, while articles are
single-sided.
In addition, many documents contain special environments: letters contain
- some environments --- such as the sender's address and the signature ---
- which do not make sense in a book or article.
+ some environments — such as the sender's address and the signature — which
+ do not make sense in a book or article.
The LyX
\emph on
document class
\family default
document class.
Document classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they
- tell LyX how to typeset the document, so you don't need to know how.
+ tell LyX how to typeset the document, so you do not need to know how.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-That's usually the default document class
+That is usually the default document class
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box, you'll see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
+ box, you will see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
However, you can now use the
\family sans
Chapter
\emph default
section of the
\emph on
-Extended Features
+Additional Features
\emph default
manual for many more details.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
While this is the most obvious way to write a letter, it seems like extra
work.
Every time you write a business letter, you want to have your address,
- the address you're sending to, a body, a signature, etc.
+ the address to which you are sending it, a body, a signature, etc.
LyX therefore has a
\emph on
template
\emph default
for letters, which contains a sample letter; once you have a template,
- you can just replace a couple parts of the letter with your text each time
- you write a letter.
+ you can just replace a couple of parts of the letter with your text each
+ time you write a letter.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box, you'll see several environments, like the
+ box, you will see several environments, like the
\family sans
My
\begin_inset space ~
Address
\family default
- environment, which don't even exist in most other document classes.
+ environment, that do not exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
Description
\family default
, are familiar.
You can play around for a while to figure out how the various environments
work.
- You'll notice for example that the
+ You will notice for example that the
\family sans
Signature
\family default
\end_inset
Signature:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
- This word doesn't show up in the actual letter, as you'll see if you view/expor
-t the file.
- It's just there to let you know where the signature goes.
- Also, note that it doesn't matter where in the file the
+ This word does not show up in the actual letter, as you will see if you
+ view/export the file.
+ It is just there to let you know where the signature goes.
+ Also, note that it does not matter where in the file the
\family sans
Signature
\family default
as a new template.
From now on, any time you want to write a letter, you can use the new template
to save time.
- We don't have to suggest an actual
+ We do not have to suggest an actual
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-One warning, if you're writing from a template.
- If you erase all of the text in an environment --- for example, if you
- erase the whole
+One warning, if you are writing from a template.
+ If you erase all of the text in an environment — for example, if you erase
+ the whole
\family sans
My
\begin_inset space ~
Address
\family default
- field so that you can replace it with your own --- and then you move the
+ field so that you can replace it with your own — and then you move the
cursor without writing any text, the environment may disappear.
This is because most environments cannot exist without any text in them.
Just reselect the environment from the
document classes.
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
- When they're first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if they
+ When they are first learning LyX, it will be less intimidating if they
have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title --- which may contain the actual title,
- the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper --- to be a separate
+LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title — which may contain the actual title,
+ the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper — to be a separate
part of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Go back to your LyX document and make sure it's using the
+Go back to your first LyX document and make sure it is using the
\family sans
Article
\family default
\family sans
Letter
\family default
- document class doesn't allow titles.
+ document class does not allow titles.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Abstract
\family default
environment.
- Notice how the title is presented when it's printed out.
- If you changed the document format to Book, you'll get a separate title
+ Notice how the title is presented when it is printed out.
+ If you change the document format to Book, you will get a separate title
page, like the first page of this tutorial.
\end_layout
\end_inset
in your document.
- Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
+ Once you do so, you can refer to the element in other parts of the document,
using cross-references.
- You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
- appears on.
- As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
+ You can refer to a section's number, to the page on which the section begins
+ or to both.
+ As with section numbering, LyX also takes care of cross-reference numbering
for you.
- Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
- LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
+ Automatic management of labels and cross-references is among the most significa
+nt advantages of LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection*
+\begin_layout Subsection
Your first label
\end_layout
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By the way, you could have put the label right anywhere within the section
- as well; section references will refer to the last section or subsection
- whose heading comes before the label.
- However, putting it on the same line as the section title (or, perhaps,
- on the first line of the section's text) ensures that page references will
- reference the beginning of the section.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-So far you haven't done anything --- the DVI output will look exactly the
- same, since labels don't show up in the printed document.
+So far you have not done anything — the output will look exactly the same,
+ since labels do not show up in the printed document.
However, now that you have added a label, you can refer to that label with
cross-references.
- We'll do that next.
+ We will do that next.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection*
+\begin_layout Subsection
Your first cross-reference
\end_layout
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Section , which can be found on page .
+Section, which can be found on page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now --- with the cursor after the word
+Now, with the cursor after the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-section
+Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- --- choose
+, select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cross
Reference
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
- The
-\family sans
-Cross-reference
-\family default
- dialog pops up.
+ The Cross-reference dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
At the moment, there should be only one,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
- Select it (it may be selected by default), and click
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
-.
- Now put the cursor after the word
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-page
+Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+<reference> on page <page>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-, and change the reference format to use the page number then click
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
.
+ Then select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (it may be selected by default), and a reference marker will appear containing
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ref+Text: sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
(To be really correct, you should put a
\family sans
Protected
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Blank
+Space
\family default
- in between the word
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
+\end_inset
+
+) in between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and the reference.
- Same for the page reference.)
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-LyX puts the references in a box right where the cursor was.
- In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with either
- the page or section number (depending on what you selected in the
+ and the reference.) An alternative way to reference a label is to right-click
+ the label and select
\family sans
-Cross-reference
+Copy as Reference
\family default
- dialog).
- View your document as DVI, and you'll see that on the last page we refer
- to
+ in the pop-up context menu.
+ The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be copied
+ to the actual cursor position via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with the
+ section number and then the page number.
+ Preview your document and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
+ than that.
+ It refers to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Section
+Section 2
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and depending how much text you have between the start of Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-2
+2 and this cross-reference you may see
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+on this page
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and
+,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Page
-\begin_inset space ~
+on the previous page
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
- (or whatever page Section
-\begin_inset space ~
+on page n
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-2's title is on).
+ (where
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the page number).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Conveniently, a cross-reference acts as a hyperlink when you are editing
a document in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
\family sans
-Cross-Reference
+Cross-reference
\family default
dialog, clicking
\family sans
will move the cursor to the referenced label.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection*
+\begin_layout Subsection
More fun with labels
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
- can test that.
+We told you that LyX takes care of numbering cross-references; now you can
+ test this claim.
Add a new section before Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
2.
- Update the DVI view, and --- voilà! --- the section cross reference changed
+ Update the preview, and — voilà! — the section cross-reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
3.
- The page reference won't change unless you add a whole page of text before
- the label, of course.
+ The page reference will not change unless you add a whole page of text
+ before the label, of course.
\end_layout
If you want some more practice with labels, then try putting a new label
where your first cross-reference was, and refer to that label from elsewhere
in the document.
- If you'll be inserting cross-references often, it may be convenient to
+ If you will be inserting cross-references often, it may be convenient to
leave the
\family sans
Cross-reference
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
- even for larger documents,
+If you want to confirm that the cross-referencing gets the pages right even
+ for larger documents,
\family sans
Copy
\family default
\family sans
Paste
\family default
- the stolen text into your document.
+ them into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- aren't allowed in the article class, see section
+ are not allowed in the article class, see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
or the menu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- somewhere in your document and click the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
-\end_inset
-
- button.
+ somewhere in your document and insert a footnote.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
Type
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now click on the button labelled
+Now click on the button labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
the footnote.
- You can unfold the footnote at any time --- and re-edit its text, if you
- want --- by clicking again on the
+ You can unfold the footnote at any time and re-edit its text by clicking
+ again on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
button.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-You may wonder why the footnote button is a word instead of a number.
- The answer is that LyX takes care about the footnote numbering for you
- in the printed text.
- You can see this yourself by looking at the DVI file (or printout).
- If you add other footnotes, LyX will renumber the footnotes.
- Since LyX (well, LaTeX, actually) takes care of the footnote numbering,
- there's really no need to put the numbers in the LyX file.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
A footnote can be cut and pasted like normal text.
Go ahead; try it! All you need to do is select the footnote button
\begin_layout Plain Layout
It may be easier to select it using the keyboard.
- You might accidentally open the footnote if you're trying to select the
+ You might accidentally open the footnote if you are trying to select the
marker itself with the mouse.
\end_layout
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
\family sans
Delete
\family default
- key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively.
+ key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Note
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
+Bibliographies are similar to cross-references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
Label
\family default
is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
- Change now the
+ Now change the
\family sans
Key
\family default
Citation
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
.
Citation
\family default
dialog appears.
- The right panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and
- this field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
+ The left panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and this
+ field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
Select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (right now, that's the only item in the bibliography), then use the
+ (right now, that is the only item in the bibliography), then use the
\family sans
Add
\family default
button in the center to insert it.
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
- of keys this way.) Now view your file as DVI, and you'll see that the citation
- appears in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end
- of the document.
+ of keys this way.)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If one uses label names for references that are easy to remember it is easier
+ to find the entry in the list of references.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Click the
+\family sans
+OK
+\family default
+ button.
+ Now preview your file and you will see that the citation appears in brackets
+ in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
item
\family default
dialog.
- As usual, see the
+ See the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
- LyX makes this very easy to do.
+ LyX makes this easy to do.
Just hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
- after your document title and before your first section title and choose
+ after your document title and before your first section title and select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_layout Standard
This may not appear to be very useful.
- However, if you look at your DVI file, you will see that a table of contents
+ However, if you look at your preview, you will see that a table of contents
has been generated, listing the various sections and subsections in your
document.
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
- changes in the DVI file when you update it.
+ changes in the preview when you update it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document
- to keep the overview in your file.
+The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document.
But you can display the table of contents in a separate window by clicking
on the table of contents button, or by using
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pane
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
\end_inset
.
- This menu will work even if you don't have a table of contents inset in
+ This menu will work even if you do not have a table of contents inset in
your document.
- This is a very useful tool where you can move around your document parts.
+ This is a very useful tool for rearranging your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
\family sans
Outline
Many of these scientists are frustrated, however, because writing equations
in LaTeX is more like programming than writing.
Happily, LyX has WYSIWYM support for equations.
- If you are used to LaTeX, you'll find that all of the usual LaTeX math
+ If you are used to LaTeX, you will find that all of the usual LaTeX math
commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
- If, on the other hand, you've never written in LaTeX, then the
+ If, on the other hand, you have never written in LaTeX, then the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
-I like what Einstein said, E=mc^2, because it's so simple.
+I like what Einstein said, E=mc^2, because it is so simple.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now, that equation doesn't look very good in LyX and in the output; there's
- no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you'd like to write
- an actual superscript for the
+Now, that equation does not look very good in LyX and in the output; there
+ is no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you would like
+ to write an actual superscript for the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- That bad typesetting happened because we didn't tell LyX that we were writing
- a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular old
- text.
+ That bad typesetting happened because we did not tell LyX that we were
+ writing a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular
+ old text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
- In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+But we can create a formula that will be typeset properly.
+ Highlight the equation and click the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
or use the menu
Formula
\family default
.
- LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- Now just type
-\family typewriter
-E=mc^2
-\family default
- again.
- The expression is typed in blue, and the blue square disappears as soon
- as the formula is not empty.
+ If nothing is highlighted LyX inserts a little blue square, which is an
+ empty math formula.
+ The expression appears in blue and the blue square disappears as soon as
+ the formula is not empty.
Now type
\family sans
Esc
\family default
- to leave the equation The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor
- to the right of the expression, and now if you type something, it will
- be regular text.
+ to leave the equation.
+ The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor to the right of the expression.
+ Now, if you type something, it will be regular text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Run LaTeX and look at the output.
- Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
- letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+Looking at the output you will notice that the expression was typeset nicely,
+ with spaces between the letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\backslash
sqrt
\family default
-; this can be frustrating, because you can't see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-missing brackets.
- LyX doesn't attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
+; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
+ like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time,
+ for example, finding missing brackets.
+ LyX does not attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression will look like.
LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now let's change
+Now let us change
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
\end_inset
.
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor into the expression.
Note that when you enter the expression, the purple markers appear to let
- you know you're editing math.
+ you know you are editing math.
Now you can use
\family sans
Left
Undo
\family default
works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
- One thing to be careful of: If you are left or right outside a formula
+ One thing to be careful of: if you are left or right outside a formula
and you press
\family sans
Delete
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
-, respectively, you delete the whole formula.
+ respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
\family sans
Undo
Down
\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- When you hit
+ If you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
Toolbar
\family default
- (see below), but it's actually simpler just to type the caret key,
+ (see below), but it is actually simpler just to type the caret key,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy --- start one by typing the
- underscore key,
+Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy; start one by typing the underscore
+ key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
_
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ .
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
this:
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-The Math Toolbar
+The Math toolbar
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols and/or to perform complicated formula
operations.
Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
\family default
- or
+ or the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
\family default
- menus.
- However, we're going to concentrate on using the
+ menus (the latter only appears when you are in Math mode).
+ However, we are going to concentrate on using the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbars
+toolbar
\family default
-, just to let you know what's out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
- later, from other manuals.
+, just to let you know what is out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
+ and commands later from the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
in the menu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle math"
+\end_inset
+
+) the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
in the
\family sans
Toolbars
\family default
menu, the
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
by the renaming of the menu entry from
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
- arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
+ allows you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: operators,
+ arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
limits on sums and integrals.
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Nothing you can do that can't be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- All you need is
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Square roots, accents, and delimiters
+Roots, decorations, and delimiters
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To type a square root, just click on the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
.
the square root.
You can type variables, numbers, other square roots, fractions, whatever
you want.
- LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what's inside.
+ LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what is inside.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Accenting a character (
-\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
+Adding a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+frame decoration
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to a character (
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a}$
\end_inset
) or group of characters (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
\end_inset
-) is done the same way.
+) is done similarly.
Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
.
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
- type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
- letter.
+ type, and those that have a fixed size, and are most appropriate for a
+ single letter.
\end_layout
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
Hit the delimiter button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
to pop up the
\family default
dialog.
Your current selection of delimiters is displayed in a box.
- It's a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
+ It is a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
a brace and a parenthesis, or choose the empty square to have something
like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but won't show
- up in the output).
+ (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but will not
+ show up in the output).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you're lazy, you can type actual parentheses in math mode, rather than
+If you are lazy, you can type actual parentheses in math mode, rather than
using the
\family sans
Delimiter
dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- So better use in this case one of the three delimiter buttons that insert
- directly e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ So it is better to use one of the three delimiter buttons that insert them
+ directly, for example
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-delim ( )"
\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-a (
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-) pair.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
).
- Once you've learned about matrices, this is how you'll put parentheses
+ Once you have learned about matrices, this is how you will put parentheses
or brackets around them.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- lyxscale 75
- scale 60
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
in the
\end_inset
.
- You've made a fraction! Of course you can type anything within each of
+ You have made a fraction! Of course you can type anything within each of
the two boxes: variables with exponents, square roots, other fractions,
whatever.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
+Functions: lim, log, sin and others
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
typeset in Roman.
- In addition, LyX won't put a space between the word
+ In addition, LyX will not put a space between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Toolbar
\family default
button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
and then on
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the appearing function list.
+ in the pop-up function list.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The function list include other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+The function list includes other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\begin_layout Standard
Click on the matrix button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
.
- The appearing dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you
- want in your matrix.
+ A pop-up dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you want
+ in your matrix.
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
\family sans
OK
If you need to change the number of rows and columns, use the menu
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Rows
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Columns
\family default
or the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on the display button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-display.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+While being in a formula, click on the display button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-display"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
-, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
- box.
- LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it's
- centered within that line.
- Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
+.
+ This centers the formula and adds a blank line before and after it.
+ Now type in an expression and compile your file to see how it looks.
The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
of your expressions to display mode and back.
\begin_layout Itemize
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
- written under rather than next to the symbols
+ written under and over rather than next to the symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: Be careful
- about whether you're putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
- If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then don't
+One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: be careful
+ about whether you are putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
+ If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then do not
press
\family sans
Return
after
\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore eventually be indented, depending on your document
+ That text will be indented or follow a blank line, depending on your document
paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
\end_layout
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\family default
- into display mode, and see how they're typeset differently.
+ into display mode, and see how they are typeset differently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
Exercise
\series default
-: Using various tools you've learned in this section, you should be able
- to write an equation like
+: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
+ to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-After you've done it the hard way, give
+After you have done it the hard way, give
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_inset
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
0 & x=0\\
-\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
+\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0
+\end{array}\right.
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's math editor can do plenty more.
- By now, you're familiar with the basics, so we refer to the
+Now you are familiar with the basics.
+ LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
+ You can refer to the
\emph on
-User's Guide
+Math
\emph default
- for tips on how to:
+ manual for tips on how to:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Labeling and numbering expressions
+Label and number expressions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Multi-line equations
+Create multi-line equations.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Change typefaces, e.g., to write bold-face text in an expression.
+Change typefaces, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+to write bold-face text in an expression.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Fine-tune font sizes and spacing within an expression.
- (Don't worry about this until your final draft!)
+ (Do not worry about this until your final draft!)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things that can't be mentioned in this Tutorial.
+Do almost all you can do with math.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We haven't gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we aren't
+We have not gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we are not
planning on it.
As usual, see the
\emph on
Objects
\emph default
manual for more information.
- We'll just mention a couple more major things LyX can do:
+ We will just mention a couple more major things LyX can do:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Table
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
) to get a table.
Settings
\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
+ By pressing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle table"
+\end_inset
+
+ the table toolbar will appear permanently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Graphics
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
).
\family default
by pressing
\family sans
-M-F
+Alt+F
\family default
followed by
\family sans
O
\family default
- or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (C-O by default).
+ or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+ by default).
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Spellchecking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
+Spell-checking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you don't know anything about LaTeX, you don't have to read this section.
+If you do not know anything about LaTeX, you do not have to read this section.
Actually, you might want to
\emph on
learn
\emph default
about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
- However, some who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
+ However, some of those who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
LaTeX can do.
The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
new LyX users will most likely be interested in.
In the interests of keeping the Tutorial short, we will give only minimal
information here.
- The the
+ The
\emph on
-Extended
+Additional
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Objects
\emph default
- manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
+ manuals have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
\end_layout
Code
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
).
\begin_layout Standard
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
+ TeX mode is entered there by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
You exit TeX mode by typing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
+ or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret
or parenthesis.
- Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you've typed in, it
- will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
+ Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
+ it will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
So if you type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
+As a special case, if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+{
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula, the beginning
\emph on
and
\emph default
- ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
-\emph on
-out
-\emph default
- of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX doesn't know which
- take an argument.
+ ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
+ the braces.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands that take an argument.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can't do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do.
- Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but aren't
- WYSIWYM.
+LyX cannot do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do.
+ Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but are
+ not WYSIWYM.
TeX mode allows users to get the full flexibility of LaTeX, while having
all the convenient features of LyX, like WYSIWYM math, tables, and editing.
LyX could never support every LaTeX package.
\backslash
usepackage{foo}
\family default
- in the preamble (see section
+ in the preamble (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
-), you can use any package you want --- although you won't have WYSIWYM
+), you can use any package you want — although you will not have WYSIWYM
support for that package's features.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Importing LaTeX Documents ---
+Importing LaTeX Documents —
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- which will create a file
+ which will create a file foo.lyx from the file foo.tex.
+ LyX will then open that file.
+ If the translation does not work, you can try calling
\family typewriter
-foo.lyx
+tex2lyx
\family default
- from the file
+ from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Even when the translation does work,
\family typewriter
-foo.tex
+tex2lyx
\family default
- and then open that file.
- If the translation doesn't work, you can try calling
+ may not translate everything, though it does handle most legal LaTeX.
+ It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode; so, after translating
+ a file with
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+, you can look for the red text and manually edit it to get it right.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
- It will leave things it doesn't understand in TeX mode, so after translating
- a file with
+ has its own documentation (manpage), which Unix/Linux users can access
+ via the console command
\family typewriter
+man
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
tex2lyx
\family default
-, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
+.
+ The manpage describes which LaTeX commands and environments are not supported,
+ what bugs you might run into (and how to get around them), and how to use
+ the various options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+It is important to understand that
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ can only translate files whose document class is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+known
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ to LyX, that is, for which there is a corresponding LyX
+\family sans
+layout file
+\family default
+.
+ If there is no layout file, then you will get an error saying that the
+ conversion could not be performed.
+ So, unless you have a layout for the document class of your LaTeX file,
+
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
- has its own manpage.
- Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments aren't
- supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
- options.
+ simply will not know how to translate the LaTeX that it finds there into
+ things LyX understands.
+ More about layout files and how they are created is explained in detail
+ in Chapter 5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_layout Standard
You might wish to convert a LyX Document to a LaTeX file.
- For example, a co-worker or co-author who doesn't have LyX might want to
- read it.
+ For example, a co-worker or co-author who does not have LyX might want
+ to read it.
Select
\family sans
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
whatever.lyx
\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command.
- Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
- Put any extra options to the
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command in the
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options, such as changing the document
+ class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options and also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
+ there in the
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra
+Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
+options
\family default
area.
\end_layout
\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
- Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
+ Anything you type will (as with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
al references to be used in multiple documents.
Select
\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
List
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
/
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-T
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-B
-\bar default
-ibTeX
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+BibTeX
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After you've done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies you're
- including with
+After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
+ you have included with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Citation
\family default
- (see section
+ (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
- LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
The box in the
\family sans
Citation
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
- or LaTeX can't understand.
+Sometimes when you try to view a document, there will be errors, things
+ that LyX or LaTeX cannot understand.
When this happens, LyX will open a
\family sans
LaTeX
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff