-#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 413
+#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 474
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
\pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
\myTOC
\mainmatter }
-
-% redefine the \LyX macro for PDF bookmarks
-\def\LyX{\texorpdfstring{%
- L\kern-.1667em\lower.25em\hbox{Y}\kern-.125emX\@}
- {LyX}}
\end_preamble
\use_default_options false
\begin_modules
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
+\font_math auto
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
-
\graphics default
\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 0
-\use_esint 0
-\use_mhchem 1
-\use_mathdots 1
+\use_package amsmath 0
+\use_package amssymb 0
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 0
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 0
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
+\justification true
\use_refstyle 0
\index Index
\shortcut idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
-tion mailing list,
-\family typewriter
-
+\noindent
+If you have comments on or corrections to this documentation, please send
+ them to the LyX Documentation mailing list:
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
\end_inset
-\family default
-.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or do
- not know it very well.
+This manual is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or
+ do not know it very well.
Now, do not panic - you will not need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
That is, after all, the whole point of LyX: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG
interface to LaTeX.
\end_inset
or tried to put three blank lines between paragraphs.
- You found out you could not and in fact, you will find out that most of
- the little tricks you are accustomed to use in other word processors will
- not work in LyX.
- That is because most word processors you have used before allow you to
- manually enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
+ You found out you could not and, in fact, you will find out that most of
+ the little tricks you are accustomed to use in word processors will not
+ work in LyX.
+ That is because most word processors you have used before allow you manually
+ to enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
LyX does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you
focus on the important things, like the content of your writing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Before we get started with this section, we want to make a quick note of
- something.
- The
+Before we get started with this section, you need to know that this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now that you know which fonts mean what, we want to talk a bit about what
- this
+Now that you know which fonts mean what in the documentation, we want to
+ talk a bit about what this
\emph on
Tutorial
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
- To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out
- all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ To get the most out of this document, you should read through it, typing
+ all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out all of
+ the exercises to see if you get them right.
For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
-It is time to move onwards, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+It is time to move on, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
\end_layout
help files.
This is very simple:
\series default
- Start up LyX, Choose the
+ Start up LyX, select the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
In this Tutorial, we are going to assume that you have a fully working version
- of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution, a DVI-, and a PDF-viewer.
+ of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution and a PDF-viewer.
This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distributions, as well
as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installers.
\end_layout
examples
\family default
directory of LyX's installation folder.
- Open the raw document, and use
+ Open the document
+\family typewriter
+example_raw.lyx
+\family default
+ and use
\family sans
File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Save
\family default
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
- the DVI output.
+ the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
+Create a PDF file, with
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-view"
\end_inset
.
- LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document as it will
+ LyX will open a PDF-viewer program displaying your document as it will
look when printed.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
+You can save time by leaving the PDF-viewer running in the background.
Then, you can use
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-DVI
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "buffer-update"
\end_inset
- and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
- finishes running.
+ and just click on the PDF-viewer window (or unminimize it) afterwards.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Congratulations! You have written your first LyX document.
- All of the rest is just details, which are covered in the other manuals.
+ All of the rest is just details.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to do with a word processor.
+LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to doing with a word
+ processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
Here is a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
- you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
+ you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Undo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/undo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "undo"
\end_inset
) over and over again.
Redo
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/redo.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "redo"
\end_inset
) to get it back.
-
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
Cut
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/cut.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "cut"
\end_inset
),
Copy
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/copy.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "copy"
\end_inset
), and
Paste
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/paste.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "paste"
\end_inset
) to cut, copy, and paste.
Replace
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show findreplace"
\end_inset
) to search.
\family sans
Replace
\family default
- button to replace a word you have found.
+ button to replace a word you have found.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
Close the window when you are done or leave it open if you find it more
convenient.
Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
- Just be sure you have the right window focus when you are trying to type
- in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
+ Just be sure you have the right window in focus when you are trying to
+ type in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\emph on
emphasize
\emph default
- text (which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
-\series bold
-bold face
-\series default
-, in
+ text (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-emph"
+\end_inset
+
+, which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
\noun on
Noun Style
\noun default
- (usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+, usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
by using the
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style
+Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customized
\family default
dialog (toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 75
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Toolbar There are buttons on the toolbar (just below the menus) which allow
- you to do some of the more popular functions, such as
+Toolbar Other buttons on the toolbar allow you to do some of the more popular
+ functions, such as
\family sans
-Paste
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+math
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+graphics
\family default
and
\family sans
-Print
+Insert
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+table
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- You type what you mean, and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you,
+ You type what you mean and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you
so that the output looks nice.
A
\family sans
Return
\family default
- grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
+ grammatically separates paragraphs and a
\family sans
Space
\family default
- grammatically separates words, so there is no reason to have several of
+ grammatically separates words; so there is no reason to have several of
them in a row; a
\family sans
Tab
\family default
- has no grammatical function at all, so LyX does not support it.
+ has no grammatical function at all - so LyX does not support it.
Using LyX, you will spend more of your time worrying about the
\emph on
content
\emph default
- of your document, and less time worrying about the
+ of your document and less time worrying about the
\emph on
format.
\family typewriter
Introduction
\family default
- on the first line of your LyX file, and select
+ on the first line of your new LyX file, and select
\family sans
Section
\family default
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-my first LyX document
+my first LyX document.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Itemize
\family default
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Enumerate
\family default
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Description
\family default
environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\family sans
List
\family default
- environment is a variation on the
+ (also named
+\family sans
+Labeling
+\family default
+) environment is a variation on the
\family sans
Description
\family default
\begin_layout Standard
\family typewriter
-LyX is better than other word processors because:
+LyX is better than other word processors because:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Itemize"
+\end_inset
+
+).
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
on the line.
- Type in your reasons:
+ Type in your reasons:
\end_layout
\begin_layout LyX-Code
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment (or just use the key binding,
-\family sans
-Alt+P
-\begin_inset space ~
+ environment (or just use the key binding
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "layout Standard"
\end_inset
-S
-\family default
).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You have got a beautiful itemized list.
+You now have a beautiful itemized list.
You might want to run LaTeX to see how the list looks when printed out.
But what if you wanted to number the reasons? Well, just select the whole
list
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LyX will not let you select the first bullet unless you also select the
- paragraph
+LyX will not let you select the first bullet (or the actual number in a
+ numbered section title) unless you also select the paragraph
\emph on
before
\emph default
- the list, which you probably do not want to do.
- Similarly, you cannot select the actual number in a numbered section title.
+ it, which you probably do not want to do.
This is on purpose because the bullet or number depends on the document
settings or text position, respectively.
\end_layout
\family sans
Environment
\family default
- box.
+ box (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Enumerate"
+\end_inset
+
+).
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
numbering.
\end_layout
and
\family sans
List
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family sans
+Labeling
\family default
-, in order to see what they look like.
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout Description"
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "layout List"
+\end_inset
+
+), in order to see what they look like.
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
the paragraph (until you hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
-.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
+).
+ The term is either typeset in boldface (
\family sans
Description
\family default
\family sans
Verse
\family default
- in
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-
+ in
\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
Address
\family default
- environment, which do not even exist in most other document classes.
+ environment, that do not exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
\family sans
Description
\end_inset
Signature:
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
document classes.
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
- When they are first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if
- they have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
+ When they are first learning LyX, it will be less intimidating if they
+ have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Go back to your LyX document and make sure it is using the
+Go back to your first LyX document and make sure it is using the
\family sans
Article
\family default
\end_inset
in your document.
- Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
+ Once you do so, you can refer to the element in other parts of the document,
using cross-references.
- You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
- appears on.
- As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
+ You can refer to a section's number, to the page on which the section begins
+ or to both.
+ As with section numbering, LyX also takes care of cross-reference numbering
for you.
- Automatic labels and cross-references are among the most significant advantages
- of LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
-
+ Automatic management of labels and cross-references is among the most significa
+nt advantages of LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-So far you have not done anything — the DVI output will look exactly the
- same, since labels do not show up in the printed document.
+So far you have not done anything — the output will look exactly the same,
+ since labels do not show up in the printed document.
However, now that you have added a label, you can refer to that label with
cross-references.
We will do that next.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Place the cursor somewhere in section
+Place the cursor somewhere in Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-section, which can be found on page.
+Section, which can be found on page.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now — with the cursor after the word
+Now, with the cursor after the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- — choose
+, select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cross
Reference
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
\end_inset
.
- First, select the drop-down menu labeled Format and select
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Format
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ and select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
Space
\family default
- in between the word
+ (shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
+\end_inset
+
+) in between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and the reference).
- Alternatively to that method, you can right-click on a label and use in
- the appearing context menu
+ and the reference.) An alternative way to reference a label is to right-click
+ the label and select
\family sans
Copy as Reference
\family default
-.
+ in the pop-up context menu.
The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be copied
to the actual cursor position via the menu
\family sans
Paste
\family default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl+V
-\family default
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "paste"
+\end_inset
+
).
In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with the
section number and then the page number.
- View your document as DVI, and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
+ Preview your document and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
than that.
It refers to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and depending how much text you have between the start of Section 2 and
- this cross-reference you may see
+ and depending how much text you have between the start of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and this cross-reference you may see
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- (whereas
+ (where
\emph on
n
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
- can test that.
+We told you that LyX takes care of numbering cross-references; now you can
+ test this claim.
Add a new section before Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
2.
- Update the DVI view, and — voilà! — the section cross reference changed
+ Update the preview, and — voilà! — the section cross-reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
- even for larger documents,
+If you want to confirm that the cross-referencing gets the pages right even
+ for larger documents,
\family sans
Copy
\family default
\family sans
Paste
\family default
- the stolen text into your document.
+ them into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- are not allowed in the article class, see section
+ are not allowed in the article class, see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
or the menu
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- somewhere in your document and click the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
-\end_inset
-
- button.
+ somewhere in your document and insert a footnote.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
Type
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "footnote-insert"
\end_inset
button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
\family sans
Delete
\family default
- key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively.
+ key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Note
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "marginalnote-insert"
\end_inset
\SpecialChar \@.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
+Bibliographies are similar to cross-references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
Label
\family default
is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
- Change now the
+ Now change the
\family sans
Key
\family default
Citation
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset citation"
\end_inset
.
Citation
\family default
dialog appears.
- The right panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and
- this field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
+ The left panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and this
+ field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
Select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\family default
button in the center to insert it.
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
- of keys this way.) Now view your file as DVI, and you will see that the
- citation appears in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography
- at the end of the document.
+ of keys this way.)
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If one uses label names for references that are easy to remember it is easier
+ to find the entry in the list of references.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ Click the
+\family sans
+OK
+\family default
+ button.
+ Now preview your file and you will see that the citation appears in brackets
+ in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the document.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
item
\family default
dialog.
- As usual, see the
+ See the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
- LyX makes this very easy to do.
+ LyX makes this easy to do.
Just hit
\family sans
Return
\family default
- after your document title and before your first section title and choose
+ after your document title and before your first section title and select
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_layout Standard
This may not appear to be very useful.
- However, if you look at your DVI file, you will see that a table of contents
+ However, if you look at your preview, you will see that a table of contents
has been generated, listing the various sections and subsections in your
document.
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
- changes in the DVI file when you update it.
+ changes in the preview when you update it.
\end_layout
But you can display the table of contents in a separate window by clicking
on the table of contents button, or by using
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Outline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Pane
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-toggle toc"
\end_inset
.
This menu will work even if you do not have a table of contents inset in
your document.
- This is a very useful tool for moving around your document parts.
+ This is a very useful tool for rearranging your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
\family sans
Outline
Happily, LyX has WYSIWYM support for equations.
If you are used to LaTeX, you will find that all of the usual LaTeX math
commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
- If, on the other hand, you have never written in LaTeX, then the
+ If, on the other hand, you have never written in LaTeX, then the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
- In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+But we can create a formula that will be typeset properly.
+ Highlight the equation and click the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
or use the menu
Formula
\family default
.
- LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- Now just type
-\family typewriter
-E=mc^2
-\family default
- again.
- The expression is typed in blue, and the blue square disappears as soon
- as the formula is not empty.
+ If nothing is highlighted LyX inserts a little blue square, which is an
+ empty math formula.
+ The expression appears in blue and the blue square disappears as soon as
+ the formula is not empty.
Now type
\family sans
Esc
\family default
- to leave the equation The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor
- to the right of the expression, and now if you type something, it will
- be regular text.
+ to leave the equation.
+ The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor to the right of the expression.
+ Now, if you type something, it will be regular text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
sqrt
\family default
; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
- like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time
- finding e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-missing brackets.
+ like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time,
+ for example, finding missing brackets.
LyX does not attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression will look like.
LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Writing a subscript (index) is just easy; start one by typing the underscore
+Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy; start one by typing the underscore
key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
toolbar
\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols and/or to perform complicated formula
operations.
Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
\family default
- or
+ or the
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
\family default
- menus.
+ menus (the latter only appears when you are in Math mode).
However, we are going to concentrate on using the
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle math"
+\end_inset
+
+) the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
in the
\family sans
Toolbars
\family default
menu, the
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
by the renaming of the menu entry from
arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
limits on sums and integrals.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Square roots, accents, and delimiters
+Roots, decorations, and delimiters
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To type a square root, just click on the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Accenting a character (
-\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
+Adding a
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+frame decoration
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to a character (
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a}$
\end_inset
) or group of characters (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
\end_inset
-) is done the same way.
+) is done similarly.
Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
.
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
Hit the delimiter button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
to pop up the
dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- So it is better in this case to use one of the three delimiter buttons
- that insert directly e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-a (
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ So it is better to use one of the three delimiter buttons that insert them
+ directly, for example
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-delim ( )"
\end_inset
-) pair.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- lyxscale 75
- scale 60
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
and then on
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- in the appearing function list.
+ in the pop-up function list.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Click on the matrix button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
in the
Toolbar
\family default
.
- The appearing dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you
- want in your matrix.
+ A pop-up dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you want
+ in your matrix.
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
\family sans
OK
Columns
\family default
or the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
.
\begin_layout Standard
While being in a formula, click on the display button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-display.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-display"
\end_inset
in the
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: Be careful
+One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: be careful
about whether you are putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then do not
press
\series bold
Exercise
\series default
-: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
+: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
- Now you are familiar with the basics, you can refer to the
+Now you are familiar with the basics.
+ LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
+ You can refer to the
\emph on
-User's Guide
+Math
\emph default
- for tips on how to:
+ manual for tips on how to:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Label and number expressions
+Label and number expressions.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Create multi-line equations
+Create multi-line equations.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things that we have no space for in this Tutorial.
+Do almost all you can do with math.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
Table
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "tabular-insert"
\end_inset
) to get a table.
Settings
\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
+ By pressing
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "toolbar-toggle table"
+\end_inset
+
+ the table toolbar will appear permanently.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Graphics
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset graphics"
\end_inset
).
\family sans
O
\family default
- or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (Ctrl+O by
- default).
+ or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcut"
+arg "file-open"
+\end_inset
+
+ by default).
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
\family sans
learn
\emph default
about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
- However, some who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
+ However, some of those who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
LaTeX can do.
The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
Objects
\emph default
- manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
+ manuals have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
\end_layout
Code
\family default
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 75
- scaleBeforeRotation
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
).
\begin_layout Standard
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
+ TeX mode is entered there by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
You exit TeX mode by typing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
+ or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret
or parenthesis.
- Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
+ Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
it will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
So if you type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\emph default
ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type those commands which take an argument.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands that take an argument.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
usepackage{foo}
\family default
- in the preamble (see section
+ in the preamble (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
whatever.lyx
\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- dialog takes care of the document-wide options.
- You can change there the document class, default font size and paper size.
- Document class options but also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options, such as changing the document
+ class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options and also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
there in the
\family sans
Class
\begin_layout Standard
After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
- you are including with
+ you have included with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Citation
\family default
- (see section
+ (see Section
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
- LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
The box in the
\family sans
Citation
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff