-#LyX 1.6.4 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 376
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass book
{LyX}}
\end_preamble
\use_default_options false
+\begin_modules
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_default_family default
+\use_xetex false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 0
\use_esint 0
+\use_mhchem 1
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle headings
-\tracking_changes false
+\tracking_changes true
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_use_mathml true
+\html_be_strict true
+\author 2 "Richard Heck"
\end_header
\begin_body
User's Guide
\emph default
has information about all that.
- It includes
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s and vertical space — which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
- spaces or blank lines — and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
- and paragraph alignments by hand.
+ It includes horizontal fills and vertical space — which are more powerful
+ and versatile than multiple spaces or blank lines — and ways to change
+ font sizes, character styles, and paragraph alignments by hand.
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
With standard word processors, you will be distracted by document formatting
\family sans
List
\family default
-, or
-\family sans
-Labelling
-\family default
-, environment is a variation on the
+ environment is a variation on the
\family sans
Description
\family default
\family sans
Standard
\family default
- environment (or just use the keybinding,
+ environment (or just use the key binding,
\family sans
Alt+P
\begin_inset space ~
\begin_layout Standard
Font sizes, one- or two-column printing, and page headings are just some
- of the ways journals' typesettings differ from one another.
+ of the ways journals typesettings differ from one another.
As the Computer Age continues to mature, journals have begun accepting
electronic submissions, creating LaTeX
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
The Cross-reference dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
At the moment, there should be only one, `sec:About-This-Document'.
- First, select the drop-down menu labelled Format and select '<reference>
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled Format and select '<reference>
on page <page>.' Then select `sec:About-This-Document' (it may be selected
by default), and a reference marker will appear containing `Ref+Text: sec:About
-This-Document' (To be really correct, you should put a
than that.
It refers to `Section 2' and depending how much text you have between the
start of Section 2 and this cross-reference you may see `on this page,'
- 'on the previous page' or `on page n' (whereas n is the page number).
+ 'on the previous page' or `on page n' (whereas
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the page number).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Now click on the button labelled
+Now click on the button labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Run LaTeX and look at the output.
- Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
- letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+Looking at the output you will notice that the expression was typeset nicely,
+ with spaces between the letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
sqrt
\family default
; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find e.
+ like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time
+ finding e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Undo
\family default
works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
- One thing to be careful of: If you are left or right outside a formula
+ One thing to be careful of: if you are left or right outside a formula
and you press
\family sans
Delete
\family sans
Backspace
\family default
-, respectively, you delete the whole formula.
+ respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
\family sans
Undo
Down
\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- When you hit
+ If you hit
\family sans
Space
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy — start one by typing the underscore
- key,
+Writing a subscript (index) is just easy; start one by typing the underscore
+ key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
_
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
-.
+ .
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
this:
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-The Math Toolbar
+The Math toolbar
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
operations.
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbars
+toolbar
\family default
, just to let you know what is out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
- later, from other manuals.
+ and commands later from the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The
\family sans
-math toolbar
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
\family default
is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
in the menu
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Toolbar
+toolbar
\family default
- which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
- arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
+ allows you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: operators,
+ arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
limits on sums and integrals.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-Nothing you can do that can not be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- All you need is
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
- type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
- letter.
+ type, and those that have a fixed size, and are most appropriate for a
+ single letter.
\end_layout
dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- So better use in this case one of the three delimiter buttons that insert
- directly e.
+ So it is better in this case to use one of the three delimiter buttons
+ that insert directly e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
+Functions: lim, log, sin and others
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The function list include other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+The function list includes other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Click on the display button
+While being in a formula, click on the display button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-display.png
scale 75
Toolbar
\family default
-, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
- box.
- LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it
- is centered within that line.
- Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
+.
+ This centers the formula and adds a blank line before and after it.
+ Now type in an expression and compile your file to see how it looks.
The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
of your expressions to display mode and back.
\begin_layout Itemize
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
- written under rather than next to the symbols
+ written under and over rather than next to the symbols
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
after
\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore eventually be indented, depending on your document
+ That text will be indented or follow a blank line, depending on your document
paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
\end_layout
Exercise
\series default
: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
- to write an equation like
+ to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-:
+
\begin_inset Formula \[
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
0 & x=0\\
-\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
+\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0
+\end{array}\right.\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX's math editor can do plenty more.
- By now, you are familiar with the basics, so we refer to the
+LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
+ Now you are familiar with the basics, you can refer to the
\emph on
User's Guide
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Labeling and numbering expressions
+Label and number expressions
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Multi-line equations
+Create multi-line equations
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Do lots of other things that cannot be mentioned in this Tutorial.
+Do lots of other things that we have no space for in this Tutorial.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Chapter
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Spellchecking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
+Spell-checking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
information here.
The
\emph on
-Additional
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Features
+Additional Features
\emph default
and the
\emph on
-Embedded
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Objects
+Embedded Objects
\emph default
manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
+As a special case, if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+{
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula, the beginning
\emph on
and
\emph default
- ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
-\emph on
-out
-\emph default
- of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX does not know which
- take an argument.
+ ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
+ the braces.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands which take an argument.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-), you can use any package you want — although you will not have WYSIWYM
+), you can use any package you want---although you will not have WYSIWYM
support for that package's features.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Importing LaTeX Documents —
+Importing LaTeX Documents
+\change_deleted 2 1263335457
+ —
+\change_inserted 2 1263335459
+---
+\change_unchanged
+
\family typewriter
tex2lyx
\family default
\family default
menu in LyX.
This will call the program
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tex2lyx
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
which will create a file
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
foo.lyx
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
from the file
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
foo.tex
-\family default
- and then open that file.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337184
+; LyX will
+\change_deleted 2 1263337185
+ and
+\change_unchanged
+then open that file.
If the translation does not work, you can try calling
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tex2lyx
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
+\change_inserted 2 1263337199
+Even when the translation does work,
+\change_unchanged
+
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tex2lyx
-\family default
- will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
- It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode, so after translating
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337202
+may not
+\change_deleted 2 1263337203
+will
+\change_unchanged
+translate
+\change_deleted 2 1263337205
+most legal LaTeX, but not
+\change_unchanged
+everything
+\change_inserted 2 1263337217
+, though it does handle most legal LaTeX
+\change_unchanged
+.
+ It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode; so, after translating
a file with
-\family typewriter
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tex2lyx
-\family default
-, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+, you can look for the red text and manually edit it to get it right.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
-\family typewriter
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
tex2lyx
-\family default
- has its own manpage.
- Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments are not
- supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
- options.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ has its own
+\change_inserted 2 1263337255
+documentation
+\change_deleted 2 1263337260
+manpage.
+\change_inserted 2 1263337293
+, which *nix users can access via
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337285
+man tex2lyx
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The manpage describes
+\change_deleted 2 1263337296
+ Read it to find out
+\change_unchanged
+which LaTeX commands and environments are not supported,
+\change_inserted 2 1263335470
+what bugs you might run into
+\change_deleted 2 1263335471
+bugs
+\change_unchanged
+(and how to get around them), and how to use the various options.
+\change_inserted 2 1263335473
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337717
+It is extremely important to understand that
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263335502
+tex2lyx
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can only translate files whose document class is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+known
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to LyX, that is, for which there is a corresponding LyX `layout file'.
+ If there is no layout file, then you will get an error saying that the
+ conversion could not be performed.
+ The reason for this is that, in a sense, LyX doesn't know anything about
+ LaTeX: very little of the information LyX has about LaTeX is contained
+ in the program itself.
+ That information is instead contained in layout files.
+ You can think of the layout file for a document class as a translation
+ manual between LyX constructs---paragraphs with their corresponding styles,
+ etc---and the corresponding LaTeX commands and environments.
+ So, unless you have a layout for
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263336322
+foo.tex
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+'s document class,
+\begin_inset Flex CharStyle:Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263336331
+tex2lyx
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ simply will not now how to translate the LaTeX that it finds there into
+ things LyX understands.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337784
+When you installed LyX, you also installed layout files for almost 100 different
+ document types (though some of these are DocBook, rather than LaTeX).
+ Still, there are many, many more document classes than that, and new ones
+ are probably invented every day.
+ There is no way that LyX itself can include layout files for every document
+ class you might want to use.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337857
+So what can you do if LyX does not include a layout file for your fancy
+ new document class? Create your own.
+ If your new document class is based upon, or very similar to, one for which
+ there already is a layout file, which is true in many cases, then creating
+ a new layout file may be as easy as copying a file and changing a few lines.
+ In the other cases, you may have more work to do.
+ But while you will have to learn a bit, it is not really that difficult,
+ and many of the people who contribute to the users' mailing list have a
+ great deal of experience they are willing to share.
+\change_unchanged
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\change_inserted 2 1263337162
+The format of LyX's layout files and the process of creating new ones are
+ discussed in detail in Chapter 5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\change_unchanged
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings
\family default
- dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command.
- Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
- Put any extra options to the
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command in the
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options.
+ You can change there the document class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options but also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
+ there in the
\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra
+Class
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Options
+options
\family default
area.
\end_layout
\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
- Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
+ Anything you type will (as with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
List
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
/
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
+After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
you are including with
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
- or LaTeX cannot understand.
+Sometimes when you try to view a document, there will be errors, things
+ that LyX or LaTeX cannot understand.
When this happens, LyX will open a
\family sans
LaTeX
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff