-#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 221
+#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 413
+\begin_document
+\begin_header
\textclass book
+\begin_preamble
+% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
+%
+%This preamble is designed to ensure that the document prints
+% out as advertised. If you mess with this preamble,
+% parts of the document may not print out as expected. If you
+% have problems LaTeXing this file, please contact
+% the documentation team
+% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
+
+\usepackage{ifpdf} % part of the hyperref bundle
+\ifpdf % if pdflatex is used
+
+ % set fonts for nicer pdf view
+ \IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
+
+\fi % end if pdflatex is used
+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
+% and a pdf-bookmark for the TOC is added
+\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \frontmatter
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
+ \myTOC
+ \mainmatter }
+\end_preamble
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+\end_modules
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\language english
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+\pdf_title "The LyX Tutorial"
+\pdf_author "LyX Team"
+\pdf_subject "LyX-documentation Tutorial"
+\pdf_keywords "LyX, documentation"
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+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 2
\paragraph_separation indent
-\defskip medskip
+\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
-\quotes_times 2
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle headings
+\tracking_changes false
+\output_changes false
+\html_math_output 0
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+\end_header
-\layout Title
+\begin_body
+\begin_layout Title
The LyX Tutorial
-\layout Author
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Author
by the LyX Team
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
+tion mailing list,
+\family typewriter
-Principal maintainer of this file is
-\noun on
-Amir Karger
-\noun default
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
+type "mailto:"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family default
.
- If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX
- Documentation mailing list, <lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org>.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \tableofcontents{}
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset toc
+LatexCommand tableofcontents
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Introduction
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Welcome to LyX!
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or don't
- know it very well.
- Now, don't panic - you won't need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
+\begin_layout Standard
+This file is designed for all of you who have never heard of LaTeX, or do
+ not know it very well.
+ Now, do not panic - you will not need to learn LaTeX to use LyX.
That is, after all, the whole point of LyX: to provide an almost-WYSIWYG
interface to LaTeX.
There are some things you will need to learn, however, in order to use
LyX effectively.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Some of you probably found your way to this document because you tried to
put two spaces after a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- or tried to put 3 blank lines between paragraphs.
- After much frustration, you found you couldn't.
- In fact, you'll find that most of the little tricks you're accustomed to
- using in other word processors just won't work in LyX.
- That's because most word processors you've used before allow you to manually
- enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
+\end_inset
+
+ or tried to put three blank lines between paragraphs.
+ You found out you could not and in fact, you will find out that most of
+ the little tricks you are accustomed to use in other word processors will
+ not work in LyX.
+ That is because most word processors you have used before allow you to
+ manually enter all spacings, font changes, and so on.
So you end up not only writing a document but typesetting it, too.
LyX does the typesetting for you, in a consistent fashion, letting you
focus on the important things, like the content of your writing.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-So, bear with us and read on.
+\begin_layout Standard
+So read on to learn more about LyX.
Reading this tutorial is definitely worth the time.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
What the Tutorial
-\emph on
+\emph on
is
-\emph default
- and What it
-\emph on
-isn't
-\layout Standard
+\emph default
+ and what it
+\emph on
+is not
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Before we get started with this section, we want to make a quick note of
something.
The
-\emph on
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
+\emph default
uses the notation outlined in the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Introduction
-\emph default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- If you came to this manual first, go read the
-\emph on
+\emph default
+ manual.
+ If you came to this manual first, please read the
+\emph on
Introduction
-\emph default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- Yes, we mean now.
-\layout Standard
+\emph default
+ before you continue with the
+\emph on
+Tutorial
+\emph default
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Now that you know which fonts mean what, we want to talk a bit about what
this
-\emph on
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
+\emph default
is for.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-Getting the Most out of the Tutorial
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Getting the most out of the Tutorial
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This tutorial consists of examples and exercises.
To get the most out of this document, you should read through the document,
- typing all the silly little things we're telling you to type and trying
- out all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
- For convenience, you might want to print out the PostScript® version of
- this document.
-\layout Standard
-
-If you are familiar with LaTeX, you'll probably be able to read the
-\emph on
+ typing all the little things we are telling you to type and trying out
+ all of the exercises to see if you get them right.
+ For convenience, you might want to print out the PDF version of this document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you are familiar with LaTeX, you will probably be able to read the
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
+\emph default
somewhat faster, since many LyX ideas are just LaTeX ideas in disguise.
- However, LyX does have idiosyncrasies
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-or, more optimistically,
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-features
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_inset
-
- you'll want to learn about.
- Even if you don't feel like reading the rest of the
-\emph on
+ However, LyX has features you will want to learn about.
+ Even if you do not feel like reading the rest of the
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
-, you should definitely check out Section\SpecialChar ~
+\emph default
+, you should definitely check out Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:latexusers}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:latexusers"
+
+\end_inset
, which is specifically written for experienced LaTeX users.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-What You
-\emph on
-Won't
-\emph default
- Find:
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+What you
+\emph on
+will not
+\emph default
+ find
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Detailed explanations of all of LyX's features.
-\begin_deeper
-\layout Standard
-
-What, you want the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
- twice?
-\layout Standard
-
-Seriously, though, we're here to get you up and running so that all you
- need is the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
-.
- If we tried to duplicate all of the information about all of LyX's features
- in here, the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- would be redundant, too long, and forever out of date.
- All we do here is introduce things; imagine there is a
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-see the
-\emph on
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+Look in the
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
-
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- at the end of every section.
-\end_deeper
-\layout Itemize
+\emph default
+ when you need this.
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Itemize
Detailed explanations of LaTeX.
-\begin_deeper
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
Unnecessary.
- If you're really curious about learning some of the neat tricks you can
- do with LaTeX, you can always go get a LaTeX book.
- There are several good ones on the market.
- No need to reinvent the wheel, after all\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-
-\end_deeper
-\layout Standard
+ If you want to learn some of the neat tricks you can do with LaTeX in LyX,
+ you can have a look at the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-So, brave soul, it's time to move onwards.
- Time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\layout Chapter
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is time to move onwards, time for your first document \SpecialChar \ldots{}
-Getting Started with LyX
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
-Your First LyX Document
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Chapter
+Getting started with LyX
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Your first LyX document
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:first-doc-ex}
-
-\end_inset
-
- OK\SpecialChar \@.
- You're ready to start writing.
- Before you do, though, there are a few things we need to mention, which
- will hopefully make the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-more instructive, useful, and fun.
+\begin_layout Standard
+OK\SpecialChar \@.
+ You are ready to start writing.
+ Before you do, there are a few things we need to mention, which will hopefully
+ make the Tutorial more instructive and useful.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Because there's lots of information that we won't be giving you, the
-\emph on
+\begin_layout Standard
+Because there is information we cannot give you in the Tutorial, the
+\emph on
first
-\series medium
-\emph default
- thing that you need to do is find the
-\series default
-other
-\series medium
+\emph default
+
+\series medium
+thing that you need to do is find the
+\series default
+ other
+\series medium
help files.
- Luckily, this is very simple.
-
-\series default
- Start up LyX.
- Choose the
-\emph on
+ This is very simple:
+\series default
+ Start up LyX, Choose the
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp
-\family default
+\family sans
+Help
+\family default
menu.
You may want to load the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Tutorial
-\emph default
- as well (if you're not reading it on screen already).
- This way, you can read them while you're writing your own file
+\emph default
+ as well (if you are not reading it within LyX already).
+ This way, you can read them while you are writing your own file.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
They can also serve as good examples of how to use the many features of
LyX.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
- Note that once you've got more than one document open, you can use the
+\end_inset
+
+ Note that once you have got more than one document open, you can use the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocuments
-\family default
- menu to switch between them.
- The
-\emph on
- Tutorial
-\emph default
- will not cover in detail subjects which are described in the other LyX
- manuals.
- This may make life a bit harder for you at the beginning, but it will keep
- the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- short.
- It will also get you in the habit of using the other manuals, which ---
- in the long run --- will save you a lot of time.
-\layout Standard
-
-In this
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, we're going to assume that you have a fully working version of LyX, as
- well as LaTeX,
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- or some other dvi viewer,
-\family typewriter
-dvips
-\family default
- or some other way of converting
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- documents to PostScript® documents, and a working printer.
- This is a lot to assume.
- If any of this is not true, you (or a friendly system administrator) will
- need to set up your system.
- You can find information on setup in other manuals.
-\layout Standard
-
-Finally, we've written a file to let you practice your LyX skills on.
- It's called
-\family typewriter
+\family sans
+View
+\family default
+ menu or the document tabs to switch between them.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In this Tutorial, we are going to assume that you have a fully working version
+ of LyX, as well as a LaTeX-distribution and a PDF-viewer.
+ This should be the case on all major Linux- and BSD-distributions, as well
+ as on Windows, where this is setup by the LyX installers.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Finally, we have written a file called
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
-.
- Imagine that it was typed by someone who didn't know about any of LyX's
+\family default
+ to let you practice your LyX skills.
+ Imagine that it was typed by someone who did not know about any of LyX's
great features.
- As you learn new LyX functions, we'll suggest that you fix those parts
+ As you learn new LyX functions, we will suggest that you fix those parts
of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
.
- It also contains
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-subtle
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- hints about how to fix things
+ It also contains `subtle' hints about how to fix things.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
The hints are located in yellow
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Notes
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Access the text in a note by clicking on it.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-.
- If you want to cheat (or check what you've done), there's also a file called
-
-\family typewriter
+\end_inset
+
+ If you want to cheat, or check what you have done, there is also a file
+ called
+\family typewriter
example_lyxified.lyx
-\family default
- which contains the same text as written and typeset by a LyX master.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ which contains the same text written and typeset by a LyX master.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The example files can be found in the
-\family typewriter
-examples/
-\family default
- directory, which you can get to by selecting
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
-\family default
- and then clicking on the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-xamples
-\family default
- button.
+\family typewriter
+examples
+\family default
+ directory of LyX's installation folder.
Open the raw document, and use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Save
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar ~
-A
-\bar default
-s
-\family default
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+As
+\family default
to save a copy in your own directory for you to work on.
As you fix parts of the raw document, check to see how those changes affect
- the dvi output.
-\layout Standard
+ the DVI output.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
By the way, the
-\family typewriter
-examples/
-\family default
+\family typewriter
+examples
+\family default
directory contains lots of other examples files.
They will show you how to do various fancy things with LyX.
- They are especially useful to display things that (due to length or other
- reasons) won't fit in the documentation.
- After you read the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, or when you're confused about how to do something fancy in LyX, take a
- look at these files.
-\layout Subsection
+ After you have read the Tutorial, or when you are confused about how to
+ do something fancy in LyX, take a look at these files.
+\end_layout
-Typing, Viewing, and Printing
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Typing, Viewing, and Exporting
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Open a new file with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-ew
-\layout Itemize
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Type a sentence like:
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
This is my first LyX document!
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Save your document with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Save\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-A
-\bar default
-s\SpecialChar \@.
-
-\layout Itemize
-
-Run LaTeX to create a
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- You may see things being printed in the window you ran the
-\family typewriter
-lyx
-\family default
- command from.
- These are messages from LaTeX, which you can ignore for now.
- LyX will run
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- (or some other
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- viewer), which will pop up a new window displaying what your document will
- look like when printed.
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Save
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\layout Standard
+As\SpecialChar \@.
-You can save time by leaving
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- running in the background.
- Then, you can use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
- and just click on the
-\family typewriter
-xdvi
-\family default
- window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX finishes running.
-\end_inset
-
-
-\layout Itemize
-
-Print by using
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-rint
-\family default
- and hitting
-\family sans
-OK\SpecialChar \@.
+\end_layout
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Run LaTeX to create a DVI file, with
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-view_dvi.png
+ scale 75
-Congratulations! You've written and printed your first LyX document.
- All of the rest is just details, which is covered in the rest of the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, the
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
-, and the
-\emph on
-Extended
-\emph default
-
-\emph on
-Features
-\emph default
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ LyX will open a DVI-viewer program displaying your document as it will
+ look when printed.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You can save time by leaving the DVI-viewer running in the background.
+ Then, you can use
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Update\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+DVI
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/buffer-update_dvi.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and just click on the DVI-viewer window (or unminimize it) after LaTeX
+ finishes running.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Export the ready to print document with
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export
+\family default
+ to a format you want
+\family sans
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Congratulations! You have written your first LyX document.
+ All of the rest is just details, which are covered in the other manuals.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
Simple Operations
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-LyX can of course do most of the things you're used to doing with a word
- processor.
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX can of course do most of the things you are used to do with a word processor.
It will word-wrap and indent paragraphs automatically.
- Here's a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
-\layout Description
+ Here is a quick description of how to do some simple actions.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
Undo LyX has multiple levels of undo, which means you can undo everything
- you've done since your current editing session started, by selecting
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
-\family default
- over and over again.
+ you have done since your current editing session started, by selecting
+
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/undo.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) over and over again.
If you undo too much, just select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-edo
-\family default
- to get it back.
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Redo
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/redo.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to get it back.
-\begin_deeper
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Standard
Currently, undo is limited to 100 steps.
- Undo also doesn't work for
-\emph on
-everything
-\emph default
-; for instance, changes to the document layout.
- Each of these is really a LyX bug.
-\end_deeper
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\end_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
Cut/Paste/Copy Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Cut
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-\bar under
- E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/cut.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+),
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Copy
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/copy.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+), and
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Paste
-\family default
- to cut, copy, and paste.
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/paste.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to cut, copy, and paste.
Or automatically paste selected text (including selections from other programs)
with the
-\emph on
+\emph on
middle mouse button
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Description
Find/Replace Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind\SpecialChar ~
-&\SpecialChar ~
-Replace
-\family default
-for a search.
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Replace
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_findreplace.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to search.
In the dialog, search with the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ind
-\family default
+\family sans
+Find
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Next
+\family default
button, and use the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eplace
-\family default
- button to replace a word you've found
+\family sans
+Replace
+\family default
+ button to replace a word you have found.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Close the window when you are done or leave it open if you find it more
+ convenient.
+ Most dialog boxes in LyX can operate like this.
+ Just be sure you have the right window focus when you are trying to type
+ in the main LyX window or a LyX dialog.
+\end_layout
-Close the window when you're done.
- Or leave it open if you find it more convenient.
- Most dialog boxes in LyX --- including the
-\family sans
-Find\SpecialChar ~
-&\SpecialChar ~
-Replace
-\family default
-,
-\family sans
-Table\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
-Contents
-\family default
-, and
-\family sans
-Layout
-\family default
- dialogs, as well as the various math dialogs can operate like this.
- A few dialogs, like
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
-\family default
-, won't let you type anything in the main LyX window until you actually
- close the dialog.
- Just be sure you have the right window focus when you're trying to type
- in the main LyX window or give a command in some other LyX dialog.
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-.
If you like, you can specify whether to make the search case-sensitive,
or to search for only complete words; you can also search backwards through
the document.
-\layout Description
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
+Character
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-Character\SpecialChar ~
Formatting You can
-\emph on
+\emph on
emphasize
-\emph default
- text (which will generally put characters in italics), put it in
-\series bold
+\emph default
+ text (which will by default print characters in italics), set it in
+\series bold
bold face
-\series default
-, or in
-\noun on
+\series default
+, in
+\noun on
Noun Style
-\noun default
- (usually small caps, used for people's names) from the toggle buttons in
- the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Text\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-tyle
-\family default
- dialog.
-\layout Description
+\noun default
+ (usually small caps, used for people's names), or use your own formatting
+ by using the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Style
+\family default
+ dialog (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
+ scale 75
+
+\end_inset
+).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Description
Toolbar There are buttons on the toolbar (just below the menus) which allow
you to do some of the more popular functions, such as
-\family sans
+\family sans
Paste
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Print
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Of course, you haven't yet written enough to make most of these functions
+\begin_layout Standard
+Of course, you have not yet written enough to make most of these functions
useful.
As you write more, though, try undoing, pasting, etc.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
WYSIWYM: Whitespace in LyX
-\layout Standard
-
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:whitespace}
-
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
One of the hardest things for new users to get used to is the way that LyX
handles whitespace.
As many times as you hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
-, you'll only get one blank line.
+\family default
+, you will only get one blank line.
As many times as you hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
-, you'll only get one space.
- On a blank line, LyX won't let you type even one space.
+\family default
+, you will only get one space.
+ On a blank line, LyX will not let you type even one space.
The
-\family sans
+\family sans
Tab
-\family default
- key won't move you forward one tab stop; in fact there
-\emph on
+\family default
+ key will not move you forward one tab stop; in fact there
+\emph on
are
-\emph default
- no tab stops! There's no ruler at the top of the page to let you set tabs
+\emph default
+ no tab stops! There is no ruler at the top of the page to let you set tabs
or margins, either.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Many commercial word processors are based on the WYSIWYG principle:
+\begin_layout Standard
+Many word processors are based on the WYSIWYG principle:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
What You See Is What You Get.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
LyX, on the other hand, is based on the principle that
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
What You See Is What You
-\emph on
+\emph on
Mean
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
You type what you mean, and LyX will take care of typesetting it for you,
so that the output looks nice.
A
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
- grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
-\family sans
- Space
-\family default
+\family default
+ grammatically separates paragraphs, and a
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
grammatically separates words, so there is no reason to have several of
them in a row; a
-\family sans
+\family sans
Tab
-\family default
+\family default
has no grammatical function at all, so LyX does not support it.
- Using LyX, you'll spend more of your time worrying about the
-\emph on
+ Using LyX, you will spend more of your time worrying about the
+\emph on
content
-\emph default
+\emph default
of your document, and less time worrying about the
-\emph on
+\emph on
format.
-\emph default
+\emph default
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Introduction
-\emph default
+\emph default
for more information on the WYSIWYM concept.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX does have (many) ways to fine-tune the formatting of your document.
After all, LyX might not typeset
-\emph on
+\emph on
exactly
-\emph default
+\emph default
what you mean.
The
-\emph on
-User's Guide
-\emph default
-has information about all that.
- It includes
-\family sans
-HFill
-\family default
-s and vertical space --- which are more powerful and versatile than multiple
- spaces or blank lines --- and ways to change font sizes, character styles,
- and paragraph alignments by hand.
+\emph on
+User's Guide
+\emph default
+ has information about all that.
+ It includes horizontal fills and vertical space — which are more powerful
+ and versatile than multiple spaces or blank lines — and ways to change
+ font sizes, character styles, and paragraph alignments by hand.
The idea, though, is that you can write your whole document, focusing on
content, and just worry about that fine-tuning at the end.
- With standard word processors, you'll be distracted by document formatting
+ With standard word processors, you will be distracted by document formatting
throughout the writing process.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Environments
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Different parts of a document have different purposes; we call these parts
-\emph on
+\emph on
environments
-\emph default
+\emph default
.
Most of a document is made up of regular text.
- Section (chapter, subsection, etc.) titles let the reader know that a new
+ Section titles (chapter, subsection, etc.) let the reader know that a new
topic or subtopic will be discussed.
Certain types of documents have special environments.
- A journal article will have an abstract, and a title.
+ A journal article will have an abstract and a title.
A letter will have neither of these, but will probably have an environment
that gives the writer's address.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Environments are a major part of the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
What You See Is What You Mean
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
philosophy of LyX.
A given environment may require a certain font style, font size, indenting,
type; different languages may have different standards for indenting; and
bibliography formats can vary widely.
LyX lets you avoid learning all the different formatting styles.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- box is located on the left end of the toolbar (just under the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile
-\family default
- menu).
- It indicates which environment you're currently writing in.
+\family default
+ choice box is located on the left end of the toolbar and looks like this:
+
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename clipart/ToolbarEnvBox.png
+ scale 75
+ clip
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ It indicates in which environment you are currently writing.
While you were writing your first document, it said
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Standard,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
which is the default environment for text.
Now you will put a number of environments in your new document so that
you can see how they work.
- You'll do so with the
-\family sans
-Environment
-\family default
- menu, which you open by clicking on the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-down arrow
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- icon just to the right of the
-\family sans
-Environment
-\family default
- box.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Sections and Subsections
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Type the word
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
Introduction
-\family default
+\family default
on the first line of your LyX file, and select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
+\family default
+ in the
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu
+\family default
+ box.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
-You don't have to
-\emph on
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+You do not have to
+\emph on
select
-\emph default
+\emph default
the line.
If nothing is selected, LyX changes the paragraph you are currently in
to the selected environment.
Alternatively, you can change several paragraphs to a different environment
by selecting them before picking an environment.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
-.
Be sure to use
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\emph on
+\emph on
not
-\emph default
+\emph default
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section*
-\family default
+\family default
, which will be covered below.
LyX numbers the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and typesets the section heading (title) in a larger font.
Now hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
\SpecialChar \@.
Note that the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
+\family default
box changes from
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
back to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Section headings, like most environments, are assumed to end when you type
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
\SpecialChar \@.
Type the document introduction:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
This is an introduction to my first LyX document.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
again, and select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
- Environment
-\family default
- menu again.
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Environment
+\family default
+ box again.
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and waits for you to type a title.
Type
-\family typewriter
-More Stuff
-\family default
-, and you'll see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+More
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Stuff
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+, and you will see that LyX again sets it as a section title.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
It gets better.
- Go to the end of Section\SpecialChar ~
+ Go to the end of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
1 again (after
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
my first LyX document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
) and hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
again, and select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
- Environment
-\family default
- menu again.
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Environment
+\family default
+ box again.
Again, LyX writes
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and waits for you to type a title.
Type
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
About This Document
-\family default
+\family default
.
- Section\SpecialChar ~
+ Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
More Stuff
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+
+, which was Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2, has been automatically renumbered to Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-, which used to be Section\SpecialChar ~
-2, has been automatically renumbered to Section\SpecialChar ~
-3!
- In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
+3! In true WYSIWYM fashion, you just need to identify the text that makes
up the section titles, and LyX takes care of numbering the sections and
typesetting them.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
to get back to the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Standard
-\family default
+\family default
environment, and type the following five lines:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Sections and subsections are described below.
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Section Description
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Sections are bigger than subsections.
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Subsection description
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Subsections are smaller than sections.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Click on the second line and select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Subsection
-\family default
- from the
-\family sans
- Environment
-\family default
- menu.
+\family default
+ from the
+\family sans
+Environment
+\family default
+ box.
LyX numbers the subsection
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2.1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, and typesets it in a font which is bigger than regular text but smaller
than the section title.
- Change the fourth line
-\family sans
+ Change the fourth line to the
+\family sans
Subsection
-\family default
+\family default
environment as well.
As you probably expected, LyX automatically numbered the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2.2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
- If you put yet another section before Section\SpecialChar ~
-2, Section\SpecialChar ~
-2 will be renumbered
- as Section 3, and the subsections will be renumbered to
+ If you put yet another section before Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2, Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 will be renumbered as Section 3, and the subsections will be renumbered
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
3.1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
3.2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Further levels of sectioning include
-\family sans
+\family sans
Subsubsection
-\family default
+\family default
,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Paragraph
-\family default
+\family default
, and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Subparagraph
-\family default
+\family default
.
- We'll let you play with these on your own.
+ We will let you play with these on your own.
You may notice that paragraph and subparagraph headings are not numbered
by default, and that subparagraphs are indented; see the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
- to change this.
+\emph default
+ for an explanation and how to change this.
-\family sans
+\family sans
Chapter
-\family default
+\family default
headings are actually the highest level of sectioning, above
-\family sans
+\family sans
Section
-\family default
-s, but you're only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes) of
- LyX documents (see Section\SpecialChar ~
+\family default
+s, but you are only allowed to use them in certain types (text classes)
+ of LyX documents (see Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Finally, you may want to have sections or subsections that are not numbered.
There are environments for this as well.
- If you change one of your section headings to the
-\family sans
- Section*
-\family default
+ If you change one of your section headings to the
+\family sans
+Section*
+\family default
environment (you may have to scroll down in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
- uses for a regular section, but it won't number that section.
+\family default
+ box to find it), LyX will use the same font size for the heading as it
+ uses for a regular section, but it will not number that section.
There are corresponding
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
starred
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
heading environments for
-\family sans
+\family sans
Subsection
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Subsubsection
-\family default
+\family default
.
Try changing some of your sections or subsections to the starred environments,
- and note how the other sections' numbers are updated.
-\layout Standard
+ and note how the other section numbers are updated.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Fix the section and subsection headings in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Lists and sublists
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX has several different environments for typesetting lists.
The various list environments free you from hitting
-\family sans
+\family sans
Tab
-\family default
+\family default
a million times when writing an outline, or from renumbering a whole list
- when you want to add a point in the middle of the list, and lets you concentrat
-e on the list content.
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-Yes, we're overemphasizing this point throughout the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
- But it
-\emph on
-is
-\emph default
- the main philosophy of LyX, so please forgive us.
-\end_inset
-
+ when you want to add a point in the middle of the list.
Different types of documents logically require different list environments:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
A slide presentation might use the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Itemize
-\family default
+\family default
environment's bulleted lists to describe different points.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
-An outline would use the
-\family sans
- Enumerate
-\family default
+\begin_layout Itemize
+An outline would use the
+\family sans
+Enumerate
+\family default
environment's numbered lists (and lettered sublists).
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
A document describing several software packages could use the
-\family sans
-Description
-\family default
-environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
+\family sans
+Description
+\family default
+ environment, where each item in the list begins with a bold-faced word.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The
-\family sans
+\family sans
List
-\family default
- environment --- not found in LaTeX --- is a slightly different form of
-
-\family sans
+\family default
+ environment is a variation on the
+\family sans
Description
-\family default
-.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ environment.
+\end_layout
-Let's write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
+\begin_layout Standard
+Let us write a list of reasons why LyX is better than other word processors.
Somewhere in your document, type:
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family typewriter
-Lyx is better than other word processors because:
-\layout Standard
+\family typewriter
+LyX is better than other word processors because:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
and hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
.
Now select
-\family sans
+\family sans
Itemize
-\family default
+\family default
from the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu.
+\family default
+ box.
LyX writes a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
bullet
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- (actually, an asterisk, which will be converted to a round circle on output)
on the line.
Type in your reasons:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Typesetting is done for you.
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Math is WYSIWYG
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
Lists are very easy to create!
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
List environments, unlike headings, do not end when you type
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
.
- Instead, LyX assumes you're going on to the next item in the list.
+ Instead, LyX assumes you are going on to the next item in the list.
The above will therefore result in a three-item list.
If you want more than one paragraph within one list
-\emph on
+\emph on
item
-\emph default
+\emph default
, one way is to use the
-\family sans
-Protected\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Break
-\family default
+\family default
, which you get by typing
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Return
+\family default
.
In order to get out of the list, you need to reselect the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Standard
-\family default
- environment (or just use the keybinding,
-\family sans
-M-p\SpecialChar ~
-s
-\family default
+\family default
+ environment (or just use the key binding,
+\family sans
+Alt+P
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+S
+\family default
).
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-You've got a beautiful itemized list.
+\begin_layout Standard
+You have got a beautiful itemized list.
You might want to run LaTeX to see how the list looks when printed out.
But what if you wanted to number the reasons? Well, just select the whole
list
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-LyX won't let you select the first bullet unless you also select the paragraph
-
-\emph on
-before
-\emph default
-the list, which you probably don't want to do.
- Similarly, you can't select the actual number in a numbered section title.
- Don't worry about it.
-\end_inset
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LyX will not let you select the first bullet unless you also select the
+ paragraph
+\emph on
+before
+\emph default
+ the list, which you probably do not want to do.
+ Similarly, you cannot select the actual number in a numbered section title.
+ This is on purpose because the bullet or number depends on the document
+ settings or text position, respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
and choose
-\family sans
+\family sans
Enumerate
-\family default
+\family default
from the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu.
+\family default
+ box.
Pow! As we mentioned, if you add or delete a list item, LyX will fix the
numbering.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
While the list is still selected, you can change to the other two list environme
nts,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Description
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
List
-\family default
+\family default
, in order to see what they look like.
For those two environments, each list item is made up of a term, which
is the item's first word, followed by a definition, which is the rest of
the paragraph (until you hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
.) The term is either typeset in boldface (
-\family sans
+\family sans
Description
-\family default
+\family default
) or separated by a
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Tab
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
But a typesetter's tab, which will change to fit the size of the largest
term, not a pathetic, rigid, unchangeable typewriter
-\family sans
+\family sans
Tab
-\family default
+\family default
.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
(
-\family sans
+\family sans
List
-\family default
+\family default
) from the rest of the paragraph.
If you want to have more than one word in the definition, then separate
the words with
-\family sans
-Protected\SpecialChar ~
-Blank
-\family default
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
s.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Typeset the list in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You can nest lists within each other in all sorts of interesting ways.
An obvious example would be writing outlines.
Numbered and bulleted lists will have different numbering and bulleting
schemes for sublists.
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
- for details on the different sorts of lists, as well as examples which
- use
-\emph on
-a lot
-\emph default
- of nesting.
-\layout Subsection
-
-Other Environments: Verses, Quotations, and More
-\layout Standard
+\emph default
+ for details on the different sorts of lists and for examples of nestings.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Other environments: Verses, Quotations, and more
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
There are two environments for setting quotations apart from surrounding
text:
-\family sans
+\family sans
Quote
-\family default
+\family default
for short quotes and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Quotation
-\family default
+\family default
for longer ones.
Computer code (the
-\family sans
+\family sans
LyX-Code
-\family default
- environment, also used in the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- for the long typing examples) is written in a
-\family typewriter
+\family default
+ environment
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+used in this Tutorial for the long typing examples
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+) is written in a
+\family typewriter
typewriter
-\family default
- font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you're allowed to
+\family default
+ font; this environment is the only place in LyX where you are allowed to
use multiple spaces to allow code indenting.
You can even write poetry using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Verse
-\family default
+\family default
style, using
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
to separate stanzas, and
-\family sans
-C-Return
-\family default
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Return
+\family default
to separate lines within a stanza.
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
for more complete descriptions of all of the available LyX environments.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Correctly typeset the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Quote, LyX-Code,
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Verse
-\family default
+\family default
in
-\begin_inset ERT
-status Inlined
-
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-linebreak
-\end_inset
-
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Writing Documents
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The previous chapter hopefully allowed you to get used to writing in LyX.
It introduced you to the basic editing operations in LyX, as well as the
powerful method of writing with environments.
It will then describe many of the additions that turn text into a document,
such as titles, footnotes, cross references, bibliographies, and tables
of contents.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
-Text classes
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+Document Classes
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:Document-Classes"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:textclasses}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Different sorts of documents should be typeset differently.
For example, books are generally printed double-sided, while articles are
single-sided.
In addition, many documents contain special environments: letters contain
- some environments --- such as the sender's address and the signature ---
- which do not make sense in a book or article.
+ some environments — such as the sender's address and the signature — which
+ do not make sense in a book or article.
The LyX
-\emph on
-text class
+\emph on
+document class
+\emph default
+
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
+\end_layout
-LaTeX users: this is equivalent to the LaTeX document class
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-
-\emph default
-takes care of these large scale differences between different sorts of documents.
- This
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-, for example, was written in the
-\family sans
+ takes care of these large scale differences between different sorts of
+ documents.
+ This Tutorial, for example, was written in the
+\family sans
Book
-\family default
- text class.
- Text classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they tell
- LyX how to typeset the document, so you don't need to know how.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ document class.
+ Document classes are another major part of the WYSIWYM philosophy; they
+ tell LyX how to typeset the document, so you do not need to know how.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Your document is probably being written in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Article
-\family default
- text class
+\family default
+ document class.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+That is usually the default document class
+\end_layout
-That's usually the default text class
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-.
- Try changing to other text classes (using the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
+ Try changing to other document classes (using the
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
dialog) to see how they are typeset differently.
If you change your document to the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Book
-\family default
- text class and look at the
-\family sans
+\family default
+ document class and look at the
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu, you'll see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
+\family default
+ box, you will see that most of the allowed environments are the same.
However, you can now use the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Chapter
-\family default
+\family default
environment.
- If you're ever unsure about which environments you can use in a given text
- class, just consult the
-\family sans
+ If you are ever unsure about which environments you can use in a given
+ document class, just consult the
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ box.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Font sizes, one- or two-column printing, and page headings are just some
of the ways journals' typesettings differ from one another.
As the Computer Age continues to mature, journals have begun accepting
electronic submissions, creating LaTeX
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
style files
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
so that authors can submit correctly typeset articles.
LyX is set up to support this as well.
For example, LyX supports typesetting (and extra environments) for the
American Mathematics Society journals using the
-\family sans
-Article\SpecialChar ~
-(AMS)
-\family default
-text class.
-\layout Standard
-
-Here's a very quick reference to some of the text classes.
+\family sans
+Article
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(AMS)
+\family default
+ document class.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is a very quick reference to some of the document classes.
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
Special Document Classes
-\emph default
+\emph default
section of the
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
+\emph on
+Additional Features
+\emph default
manual for many more details.
-\layout Standard
-\align center
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Tabular
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" width="0pt">
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Name
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
Notes
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
article
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
one-sided, no chapters
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
article (AMS)
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
layout & environments for American Math Society
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true">
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
report
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
longer than article, two-sided
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row topline="true" bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
book
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
report + front and back matter
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+presentation
+\end_layout
-slides
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+transparencies
+\end_layout
-transparencies (also including FoilTeX)
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row bottomline="true">
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
letter
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\layout Standard
-
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
lots of extra environments for address, signature\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
</lyxtabular>
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Templates: Writing a Letter
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-One of the most popular text classes is
-\family sans
-Letter
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- One way to write a letter would be to open a new
-\family sans
-
-\family default
-file, and choose
-\family sans
+\begin_layout Standard
+One way to write a letter would be to open a new file, and choose a
+\family sans
Letter
-\family default
+\family default
class in the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
dialog.
While this is the most obvious way to write a letter, it seems like extra
work.
Every time you write a business letter, you want to have your address,
- the address you're sending to, a body, a signature, etc.
+ the address to which you are sending it, a body, a signature, etc.
LyX therefore has a
-\emph on
+\emph on
template
-\emph default
+\emph default
for letters, which contains a sample letter; once you have a template,
- you can just replace a couple parts of the letter with your text each time
- you write a letter.
-\layout Standard
+ you can just replace a couple of parts of the letter with your text each
+ time you write a letter.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Open a new file with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-New\SpecialChar ~
-from\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-emplate
-\family default
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+New
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+from
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Template
+\family default
.
Select
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
letter.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
as the template.
Save and print the file to see how the various environments are typeset.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
When you look at the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu, you'll see several environments, like the
-\family sans
-My\SpecialChar ~
-Address
-\family default
-environment, which don't even exist in most other text classes.
+\family default
+ box, you will see several environments, like the
+\family sans
+My
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Address
+\family default
+ environment, which do not even exist in most other document classes.
Others, like
-\family sans
-Quote
-\family default
-and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Description
-\family default
+\family default
, are familiar.
You can play around for a while to figure out how the various environments
work.
- You'll notice for example that the
-\family sans
+ You will notice for example that the
+\family sans
Signature
-\family default
+\family default
environment has the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Signature:
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
in red before the actual text of the signature.
- This word doesn't show up in the actual letter, as you'll see if you try
- printing the file.
- It's just there to let you know where the signature goes.
- Also, note that it doesn't matter where in the file the
-\family sans
+ This word does not show up in the actual letter, as you will see if you
+ view/export the file.
+ It is just there to let you know where the signature goes.
+ Also, note that it does not matter where in the file the
+\family sans
Signature
-\family default
+\family default
line is placed.
Remember, LyX is WYSIWYM; you can put the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Signature
-\family default
+\family default
environment anywhere you want, but LyX knows that in the printout, the
signature should be at the end.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
A template is just a regular LyX file.
This means you can fill in your address and signature and save the file
as a new template.
From now on, any time you want to write a letter, you can use the new template
to save time.
- We probably don't have to suggest an actual
+ We do not have to suggest an actual
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
exercise
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- here; just write a letter to someone
+ here; just write a letter to someone!
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+status collapsed
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+One warning, if you are writing from a template.
+ If you erase all of the text in an environment — for example, if you erase
+ the whole
+\family sans
+My
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-One warning, if you're writing from a template.
- If you erase all of the text in an environment --- for example, if you
- erase the whole
-\family sans
-My\SpecialChar ~
Address
-\family default
- field so that you can replace it with your own --- and then you move the
+\family default
+ field so that you can replace it with your own — and then you move the
cursor without writing any text, the environment may disappear.
This is because most environments cannot exist without any text in them.
Just reselect the environment from the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Environment
-\family default
- menu to get it back.
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ box to get it back.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-!
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Templates can be a huge time-saver, and we urge you to use them whenever
possible.
In addition, they can help a person learn how to use some of the fancier
- text classes.
+ document classes.
Finally, they may be useful for a person who is configuring LyX for a bunch
of less computer-aware users.
- When they're first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if they
- have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
-\layout Section
+ When they are first learning LyX, it will be much less intimidating if
+ they have a letter template customized for their company, for example.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Document Titles
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title --- which may contain the actual title,
- the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper --- to be a separate
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX (like LaTeX) considers the title — which may contain the actual title,
+ the author, the date, and even an abstract of a paper — to be a separate
part of the document.
-\layout Standard
-
-Go back to your
-\family typewriter
-newfile.lyx
-\family default
-document and make sure it's using the
-\family sans
-Article
-\family default
-text class.
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
+\end_layout
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
+Go back to your LyX document and make sure it is using the
+\family sans
+Article
+\family default
+ document class.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
You should not be using the letter any more, since the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Letter
-\family default
- textclass doesn't allow titles.
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ document class does not allow titles.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
Type a title on the first line, and change the line to the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Title
-\family default
+\family default
environment.
On the next line, type your name and change it to the
-\family sans
-Author
-\family default
-environment.
+\family sans
+Author
+\family default
+ environment.
On the next line, write the date in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Date
-\family default
+\family default
environment.
Type a paragraph or two summarizing your document using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Abstract
-\family default
+\family default
environment.
- Now see how it looks when printed.
-\layout Standard
+ Notice how the title is presented when it is printed out.
+ If you change the document format to Book, you will get a separate title
+ page, like the first page of this tutorial.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Fix the title, date, and author in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Labels and Cross-References
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can label section headings, list items, formulas, footnotes, and floats
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:labels}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Floats are explained in the
+\emph on
+User's Guide
+\emph default
+ and the
+\emph on
+Embedded Objects
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-You can label a section (or subsubsection, or, more rarely, just a random
- piece of text) in your document.
+ in your document.
Once you do so, you can refer to this section in other parts of the document,
using cross-references.
You can refer either to the section's number, or to the page that the section
appears on.
- As with sections and footnotes, LyX worries about the cross-references
+ As with section numbering, LyX also takes care about cross-reference numbering
for you.
- Automatic labels and cross-references are one of the best advantages of
- LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
-\layout Subsection*
+ Automatic labels and cross-references are among the most significant advantages
+ of LyX (and LaTeX) over conventional word processors.
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Your first label
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Let's mark our second section, whose title is
+\begin_layout Standard
+Go to our second section, whose title is
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
About This Document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
- Click at the end of the section title line, and select
-\family sans
-\bar under
- I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel
-\family default
+ Click at the end of the section title line, and select
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Label
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/label-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
A dialog asks you for a label name, and gives you a suggestion.
When you click on
-\family sans
+\family sans
OK
-\family default
+\family default
, the label name will be placed in a box next to the section title.
-\layout Standard
-
-By the way, you could have put the label right anywhere within the section
- as well; section references will refer to the last section or subsection
- whose heading comes before the label.
- However, putting it on the same line as the section title (or, perhaps,
- on the first line of the section's text) ensures that page references will
- reference the beginning of the section.
-\layout Standard
-
-So far you haven't done anything --- the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file will look exactly the same, since labels don't show up in the printed
- document.
- However, now that you've added a label, you can refer to that label with
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+So far you have not done anything — the DVI output will look exactly the
+ same, since labels do not show up in the printed document.
+ However, now that you have added a label, you can refer to that label with
cross-references.
- We'll do that next.
-\layout Subsection*
+ We will do that next.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Your first cross-reference
+\end_layout
-Your first cross-references
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
+Place the cursor somewhere in Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-Place the cursor somewhere in Section\SpecialChar ~
2 of your document.
Type
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
If you want to know more about this document, then see
-\newline
-Section , which can be found on page .
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-Now --- with the cursor after the word
+Section, which can be found on page.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now — with the cursor after the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-section
+Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+ — choose
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cross
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\family typewriter
-
-\family default
---- choose
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Cross\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-eference
-\family default
-.
- The
-\family sans
Reference
-\family default
- dialog pops up.
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The Cross-reference dialog pops up.
It shows a list of the possible labels you can reference.
At the moment, there should be only one,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-sec:aboutdocument
+sec:About-This-Document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
- Select it (it may be selected by default), and click
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
-.
- Now put the cursor after the word
+ First, select the drop-down menu labeled Format and select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-page
+<reference> on page <page>
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-, and change the reference type to use the page number then click
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
.
- (To be really correct, you should put a
-\family sans
-Protected\SpecialChar ~
-Blank
-\family default
+ Then select
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (it may be selected by default), and a reference marker will appear containing
+
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Ref+Text: sec:About-This-Document
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (To be really correct, you should put a
+\family sans
+Protected
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Space
+\family default
in between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Section
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+
+ and the reference).
+ Alternatively to that method, you can right-click on a label and use in
+ the appearing context menu
+\family sans
+Copy as Reference
+\family default
+.
+ The cross-reference to this label is now in the clipboard and can be copied
+ to the actual cursor position via the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Paste
+\family default
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+Ctrl+V
+\family default
+).
+ In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with the
+ section number and then the page number.
+ View your document as DVI, and you will see that LaTeX has been even cleverer
+ than that.
+ It refers to
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
- and the reference.
- Same for the page reference.)
-\layout Standard
+Section 2
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-LyX puts the references in a box right where the cursor was.
- In the printed document, this reference marker will be replaced with either
- the page or section number (depending on what you selected in the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Reference
-\family default
- dialog).
- Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-V
-\bar default
-iew\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-pdate\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-VI
-\family default
-, and you'll see that on the last page we refer to
+ and depending how much text you have between the start of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2 and this cross-reference you may see
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-Section\SpecialChar ~
-2
+on this page
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- and
+,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-Page\SpecialChar ~
-1
+on the previous page
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- (or whatever page Section\SpecialChar ~
-2's title is on).
-\layout Standard
+ or
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-Conveniently, a cross-reference acts a hyperlink when you're editing a document
- in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
-\family sans
-Reference
-\family default
+on page n
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ (whereas
+\emph on
+n
+\emph default
+ is the page number).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Conveniently, a cross-reference acts as a hyperlink when you are editing
+ a document in LyX; clicking on it will pop up the
+\family sans
+Cross-reference
+\family default
dialog, clicking
-\family sans
-Go\SpecialChar ~
-to\SpecialChar ~
-reference
-\family default
+\family sans
+Go
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+to
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Label
+\family default
will move the cursor to the referenced label.
-\layout Subsection*
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
More fun with labels
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+We told you that LyX takes care about numbering cross-references; now you
+ can test that.
+ Add a new section before Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-We told you that LyX worries about numbering cross-references; now you can
- test that.
- Add a new section before Section\SpecialChar ~
2.
- Now rerun LaTeX, and --- voilà! --- the section cross reference changed
+ Update the DVI view, and — voilà! — the section cross reference changed
to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
3
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-! Change
+! Change the section
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
About this Document
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+
+ to a subsection, and the cross-reference will reference Subsection
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+2.1 instead of Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
- to a subsection, and the cross-reference will reference Subsection\SpecialChar ~
-2.1 instead
- of Section\SpecialChar ~
3.
- The page reference won't change unless you add a whole page of text before
- the label, of course.
+ The page reference will not change unless you add a whole page of text
+ before the label, of course.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you want some more practice with labels, then try putting a new label
where your first cross-reference was, and refer to that label from elsewhere
in the document.
- If you'll be inserting cross-references often (if, for example, you're
- writing a journal article), it may be convenient to leave the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Reference
-\family default
- window open.
-\layout Standard
-
+ If you will be inserting cross-references often, it may be convenient to
+ leave the
+\family sans
+Cross-reference
+\family default
+ dialog open.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
If you want to make sure that the cross-referencing gets the pages right
even for larger documents,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Copy
-\family default
+\family default
a couple pages of text from the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
to the clipboard, and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Paste
-\family default
- the stolen text into your document
+\family default
+ the stolen text into your document.
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
By the way, copying a chapter title may cause an error, because chapters
- aren't allowed in the article class.
- If this happens, just delete the chapter title.
- If you want to know why this happens, see Section\SpecialChar ~
+ are not allowed in the article class, see Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:textclasses}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Document-Classes"
-.
-
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Standard
+ If this happens, just delete the chapter title.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Fix the references in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Footnotes and Margin Notes
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Footnotes can be added using the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button in the toolbar
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Standard
+Footnotes can be added using the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
-The button shows an arrow pointing to red text, which is just below some
- black text.
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ootnote
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
+ or the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Footnote
+\family default
+.
Click at the end of the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
LyX
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+
+ somewhere in your document and click the
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
- somewhere in your document and hit the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Footnote
-\family default
button.
A footnote box appears where you can enter the text of the footnote.
LyX should place the cursor at the beginning of the footnote box.
Type
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
LyX is a typesetting word processor.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Now click on the button labelled
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now click on the button labeled
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-foot.
+foot
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- The footnote box disappears, leaving the button showing where the footnote
+.
+ The footnote box is closed, leaving the button showing where the footnote
marker will be in the printed text; this is called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
folding
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
the footnote.
- You can unfold the footnote at any time --- and re-edit its text, if you
- want --- by clicking again on the
+ You can unfold the footnote at any time and re-edit its text by clicking
+ again on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
foot
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
button.
-\layout Standard
-
-You may wonder why the footnote button is a word instead of a number.
- The answer is that LyX worries about the footnote numbering for you in
- the printed text.
- You can see this yourself by looking at the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file (or printout).
- If you add other footnotes, LyX will renumber the footnotes.
- Since LyX (well, LaTeX, actually) takes care of the footnote numbering,
- there's really no need to put the numbers in the LyX file.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
A footnote can be cut and pasted like normal text.
Go ahead; try it! All you need to do is select the footnote button
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
It may be easier to select it using the keyboard.
- You might accidentally open the footnote if you're trying to select the
+ You might accidentally open the footnote if you are trying to select the
marker itself with the mouse.
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Cut
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Paste
-\family default
+\family default
it.
In addition, you can change regular text to a footnote, by selecting it
and hitting the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button; change a footnote to regular text by clicking the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button when the cursor is in a footnote.
-\layout Standard
-
-Margin notes can be added using the toolbar button (the button shows an
- arrow pointing to red text next to (i.e., in the margin of) black text, and
- should be next to the
-\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar ~
-Footnote
-\family default
- button in the toolbar.) or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-arginal\SpecialChar ~
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/footnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ button; change a footnote to regular text by hitting the
+\family sans
+Backspace
+\family default
+ key when the cursor is in the first position of a footnote, or by hitting
+ the
+\family sans
+Delete
+\family default
+ key when the cursor is in the very last position of the footnote, respectively.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Margin notes can be added using the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Marginal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Note
-\family default
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/marginalnote-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
\SpecialChar \@.
Margin notes are like footnotes, except that:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
the on-screen boxes say
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
margin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
instead of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
foot
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
the notes will be placed in the margin, instead of below the text
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
margin notes are not numbered
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Change your LyX footnote back to text, then select and change it to a margin
note.
Run LaTeX again to see what the margin note looks like.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Fix the footnote in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Bibliographies
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:bibliographies"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:bibliographies}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Bibliographies (at least in the exact sciences) are similar to cross references.
The bibliography contains a list of references at the end of the document,
and they can be referenced from within the document.
Like section titles, LyX and LaTeX make your job easier by automatically
- numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the items'
- numbers change.
-\layout Standard
+ numbering the bibliography items and changing citations when the item numbers
+ change.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Go to the end of the document and switch to the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Bibliography
-\family default
+\family default
environment.
Now, each paragraph you type will be a reference.
- Type
-\family typewriter
- The Lyx Tutorial, by the LyX Documentation Team
-\family default
+ Type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+The Lyx Tutorial, by the LyX Documentation Team
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
as your first reference.
Note that LyX automatically puts a number in a box before each reference.
- Click on the boxed reference number, and a
-\family sans
-Bibliography\SpecialChar ~
+ Click on the boxed reference number, and the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
item
-\family default
+\family default
dialog box appears.
- You use the first field, the
-\family sans
+ The
+\family sans
Key
-\family default
-, to refer to this reference within the LyX document.
- By default, it is a number.
- Change the
-\family sans
+\family default
+ is to refer to this reference within the LyX document, the
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ appears in output.
+ When no
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ is set (default), you will see the number of the bibliography in the output.
+ Change now the
+\family sans
Key
-\family default
+\family default
field to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
lyxtutorial
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to make it easy to remember.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Now pick somewhere in your document that you would like to insert a reference.
Do so with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-itation\SpecialChar ~
-Reference\SpecialChar \@.
-
-\family default
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_citation.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
A
-\family sans
+\family sans
Citation
-\family default
+\family default
dialog appears.
The right panel in this dialog lists all the bibliography entries, and
this field allows you to choose which bibliography item you want to cite.
Select
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
lyxtutorial
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- (right now, that's the only item in the bibliography), then use the left
- arrow in the center to insert it.
+ (right now, that is the only item in the bibliography), then use the
+\family sans
+Add
+\family default
+ button in the center to insert it.
(You can have multiple citations in the same place by transferring a number
- of keys this way.) Now run LaTeX, and you'll see that the citation appears
- in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography at the end of the
- document.
-\layout Standard
-
-How are the other fields used? The
-\family sans
-Text\SpecialChar ~
-aft
-\bar under
-e
-\bar default
-r
-\family default
+ of keys this way.) Now view your file as DVI, and you will see that the
+ citation appears in brackets in the text, referring to the bibliography
+ at the end of the document.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Text
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+after
+\family default
field in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Citation
-\family default
+\family default
dialog will put a remark (such as a reference to a page or chapter within
the referenced book or article) in the brackets after the reference.
If you want the references to have labels instead of numbers in the printed
output (for example, some journals would use
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
[Smi95]
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to refer to a paper written by Smith in 1995), use the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-abel
-\family default
-field in the
-\family sans
-Bibliography\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Label
+\family default
+ field in the
+\family sans
+Bibliography
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
item
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
- As usual, you can see the
-\emph on
+ As usual, see the
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
for details.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
-Exercise:
-\series default
-Fix the bibliography and citation in
-\family typewriter
+\series bold
+Exercise:
+\series default
+ Fix the bibliography and citation in
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Table of Contents
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You may want to put a table of contents at the beginning of your document.
LyX makes this very easy to do.
Just hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
after your document title and before your first section title and choose
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\SpecialChar ~
-/\SpecialChar ~
-T
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Table\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ontents
-\family default
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+/
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+of
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Contents
+\family default
.
The words
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
Table of Contents
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
will appear in a button on the first line of the document.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This may not appear to be very useful.
- However, if you look at your
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, you will see that a table of contents has been generated, listing
- the various sections and subsections in your document.
+ However, if you look at your DVI file, you will see that a table of contents
+ has been generated, listing the various sections and subsections in your
+ document.
As usual, if you reorder sections or create new ones, you will see those
- changes in the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file when you update it.
+ changes in the DVI file when you update it.
-\layout Standard
-
-The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document,
- because you can't edit it anyway.
- However, you can display the table of contents in a separate window by
- clicking on the table of contents button, or by using
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
-Contents
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The table of contents is not printed in the on-screen version of the document.
+ But you can display the table of contents in a separate window by clicking
+ on the table of contents button, or by using
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Outline
+\family default
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-toggle_toc.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- The menu command will work even if you don't have a table of contents inset
- in your document.
- This is a very useful tool.
- You can use the
-\family sans
-Table\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
-Contents
-\family default
- window to move around your document.
+ This menu will work even if you do not have a table of contents inset in
+ your document.
+ This is a very useful tool for moving around your document parts.
Clicking on a (sub)section title in the
-\family sans
-Table\SpecialChar ~
-of\SpecialChar ~
-Contents
-\family default
- window will highlight that line and move the cursor (in the LyX editing
+\family sans
+Outline
+\family default
+ window will highlight that line and move the display (in the LyX editing
window) to that place in the document.
You can also use the arrow keys to move up and down in the table of contents.
You may therefore find it convenient to leave this window open throughout
editing sessions.
You can get similar functionality from the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-N
-\bar default
-avigate
-\family default
+\family sans
+Navigate
+\family default
menu, though, where the table of contents appears automatically.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
To get rid of the Table of Contents, you can delete the table of contents
button just like any other text.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Fix the table of contents in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\layout Chapter
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Using Math
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LaTeX is used by many scientists because it outputs great looking equations,
avoiding the control characters used by word processors and their equation
editors.
Many of these scientists are frustrated, however, because writing equations
in LaTeX is more like programming than writing.
Happily, LyX has WYSIWYM support for equations.
- If you are used to LaTeX, you'll find that all of the usual LaTeX math
+ If you are used to LaTeX, you will find that all of the usual LaTeX math
commands can be typed in normally, but they will show up in a WYSIWYM fashion.
- If, on the other hand, you've never written in LaTeX, then the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
- will allow you to write professional-looking math quickly and easily
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-LyX can't check if the math you're writing is actually
-\emph on
-correct
-\emph default
-.
- Sorry.
-\end_inset
+ If, on the other hand, you have never written in LaTeX, then the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-.
-\layout Section
+Panel
+\family default
+ will allow you to write professional-looking math quickly and easily.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Math Mode
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Somewhere in your LyX document, type:
-\layout LyX-Code
+\end_layout
-I like what Einstein said, E=mc^2, because it's so simple.
+\begin_layout LyX-Code
+I like what Einstein said, E=mc^2, because it is so simple.
-\layout Standard
-
-Now, that equation doesn't look very good, even in the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file; there's no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you'd
- like to write an actual superscript for the
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now, that equation does not look very good in LyX and in the output; there
+ is no space between the letters and the equals sign, and you would like
+ to write an actual superscript for the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
- That bad typesetting happened because we didn't tell LyX that we were writing
- a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular old
- text.
-\layout Standard
+ That bad typesetting happened because we did not tell LyX that we were
+ writing a mathematical expression, so it typeset the equation like regular
+ old text.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Instead, we create a formula that will get typeset properly.
- In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button with
-\begin_inset Formula $\frac{a+b}{c}$
-\end_inset
-
- written on it in blue.
+ In order to create a formula, just click the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-mode.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Inline
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
+\family default
+.
LyX will insert a little blue square, which is an empty math formula.
- LyX has placed the cursor in the blue square, so just type
-\family typewriter
+ Now just type
+\family typewriter
E=mc^2
-\family default
+\family default
again.
The expression is typed in blue, and the blue square disappears as soon
as the formula is not empty.
Now type
-\family sans
+\family sans
Esc
-\family default
+\family default
to leave the equation The purple markers disappear, leaving the cursor
to the right of the expression, and now if you type something, it will
be regular text.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Run LaTeX and look at the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file.
- Notice that the expression was typeset nicely, with spaces between the
- letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+\begin_layout Standard
+Looking at the output you will notice that the expression was typeset nicely,
+ with spaces between the letters and the equals sign, and a superscript
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Letters in math mode are assumed to be variables, and come out in italics.
Numbers are just numbers.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
This math editor is another example of the WYSIWYM philosophy.
In LaTeX, you write a mathematical expression using text and commands like
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
sqrt
-\family default
-; this can be frustrating, because you can't see what an expression looks
- like until you LaTeX the file, and may have to spend time to find missing
- brackets or other
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-bugs
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
-.
- On the other hand, LyX doesn't attempt to get the expression to look perfect
- (WYSIWYG), but it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression
- will look like.
+\family default
+; this can be frustrating, because you cannot see what an expression looks
+ like until you run the file under LaTeX and you may have to spend time
+ finding e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+missing brackets.
+ LyX does not attempt to get the expression to look perfect (WYSIWYG), but
+ it gives you an extremely good idea of what the expression will look like.
LaTeX then takes care of the professional typesetting.
- 99% of the time, you won't have to make any changes to the font sizes or
- spacing that LaTeX outputs.
- This way (sorry to be so repetitive) you can focus on the
-\emph on
-content
-\emph default
- of your mathematical expressions, not their format.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Navigating an Equation
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Now let's change
+\begin_layout Standard
+Now let us change
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to
\begin_inset Formula $E=1+mc^{2}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor into the expression.
Note that when you enter the expression, the purple markers appear to let
- you know you're editing math.
+ you know you are editing math.
Now you can use
-\family sans
+\family sans
Left
-\family default
+\family default
and
-\family sans
+\family sans
Right
-\family default
+\family default
to move the cursor past the equals sign, and just type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
1+
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Again, you can use the arrow keys or
-\family sans
+\family sans
Esc
-\family default
+\family default
to leave the formula\SpecialChar \@.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Other than the special keys described below, typing in math mode is like
editing regular text.
Use
-\family sans
+\family sans
Delete
-\family default
+\family default
(or
-\family sans
+\family sans
Backspace
-\family default
+\family default
) to delete things.
Select text either with the arrow keys or with the mouse.
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-U
-\bar default
-ndo
-\family default
- works in math mode, as does cutting and pasting.
- One thing to be careful of: if you're right outside a formula and you type
-
-\family sans
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Undo
+\family default
+ works in math mode as well as cut and paste.
+ One thing to be careful of: if you are left or right outside a formula
+ and you press
+\family sans
Delete
-\family default
- (or
-\family sans
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
Backspace
-\family default
-), it will delete the whole expression.
+\family default
+ respectively, you delete the whole formula.
Luckily, you can just use
-\family sans
+\family sans
Undo
-\family default
+\family default
to get it back.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
What if you want to change
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to
\begin_inset Formula $E=mc^{2.5}+1$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
? Again, you can use the mouse to click in the right place.
However, you can also use the arrow keys.
If the cursor is just after the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
c
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
but before the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-, then typing
-\family sans
+, then press
+\family sans
Up
-\family default
- will move the cursor to the level of the superscript, just before the
+\family default
+ and the cursor is moved to the level of the superscript, just before the
+
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Add the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.5
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Now, hitting
-\family sans
+\family sans
Down
-\family default
+\family default
will move the cursor back to the regular level.
- In fact, if you hit
-\family sans
+ If you hit
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ instead of
+\family sans
Down
-\family default
- from anywhere within the superscript, the cursor will be placed just
-\emph on
+\family default
+, the cursor will be placed
+\emph on
after
-\emph default
+\emph default
the superscript (so that you can then type the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Exponents and Indices
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
An exponent can be entered from the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
- (see below), but it's actually simpler just to type the caret key,
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ (see below), but it is actually simpler just to type the caret key,
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
^
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
LyX will place another blue rectangle in the superscript, so that whatever
you write next will be superscripted, and in a smaller font size.
Everything you type until you hit a
-\family sans
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
+\family default
(or
-\family sans
+\family sans
Esc
-\family default
- to exit Mathed entirely) will be in the superscript.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ to exit the formula entirely) will be in the superscript.
+\end_layout
-Writing a subscript (index) is just as easy --- start one by typing the
- underscore key,
+\begin_layout Standard
+Writing a subscript (index) is just easy; start one by typing the underscore
+ key
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
_
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-.
+ .
You can subscript and superscript both subscripts and superscripts like
this:
\begin_inset Formula $A_{a_{0}+b^{2}}+C^{a_{0}+b^{2}}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Put equation 1 of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
into math mode.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
-The
-\family sans
-Math Panel
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+The Math toolbar
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
- is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform many complicated Mathed
- functions.
- Many of these functions can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath
-\family default
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+ is a convenient way to enter symbols or to perform complicated formula
+ operations.
+ Many of these operations can be accomplished from the keyboard or the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
or
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar default
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\family default
-\bar default
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math
+\family default
menus.
- However, we're going to concentrate on using the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
-, just to let you know what's out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
- later, from other manuals.
- So open it using
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert
-\bar under
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar default
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Pane
-\bar under
-l
-\family default
-\bar default
- now and leave it open while reading this section.
-\layout Standard
-
-Right-clicking on a formula will open the
-\family sans
-Math Panel
-\family default
- for you.
-\layout Subsection
+ However, we are going to concentrate on using the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+, just to let you know what is out there; you can learn keyboard shortcuts
+ and commands later from the
+\emph on
+Math
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+ is shown when the cursor is in a formula and can also be turned on manually
+ in the menu
+\family sans
+View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Toolbars
+\family default
+.
+ When you click there on
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
-Greek and symbols
-\layout Standard
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-The
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
- which allow you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: various
- arrows, relations, operators, and sums and integrals.
- Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
- limits on sums and integrals.
-
-\layout Standard
+ the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
+ in the
+\family sans
+Toolbars
+\family default
+ menu with a checkmark.
+ When you click in this state again on
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ in the
+\family sans
+Toolbars
+\family default
+ menu, the
+\family sans
+math toolbar
+\family default
+ is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
+ by the renaming of the menu entry from
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+Math
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ to
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-Nothing you can do that can't be done\SpecialChar \ldots{}
- All you need is
-\begin_inset Formula $\heartsuit$
-\end_inset
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-.
+(auto)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Greek and symbols
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+toolbar
+\family default
+ allows you to choose from a large array of symbols used in math: operators,
+ arrows, relationships, delimiters, special characters, sums and integrals.
+ Note that subscripting and superscripting allow you to put lower and upper
+ limits on sums and integrals.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Square roots, accents, and delimiters
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To type a square root, just click on the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
-To type a square root, just click on the button with a square root sign
- on it.
+.
The square root appears, and the cursor is in a new insertion point inside
the square root.
You can type variables, numbers, other square roots, fractions, whatever
you want.
- LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what's inside.
-\layout Standard
+ LyX will automatically resize the square root to fit what is inside.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Accenting a character (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{v}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
) or group of characters (
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{a+b}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
) is done the same way.
- The
-\family sans
-Decoration
-\family default
- types are available from the panel.
+ Decorations are available from the toolbar via the button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/hat.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
Click on a decoration, and LyX will insert that decoration with an insertion
point under (or over) it.
Just type what you want in the insertion point.
There are two sets of decorations: those that resize with the text you
- type, and those that have fixed size, and are most appropriate for a single
- letter.
+ type, and those that have a fixed size, and are most appropriate for a
+ single letter.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Delimiters such as parentheses, brackets, and braces work similarly, but
are a bit more complicated.
- Hit the
-\family sans
-Delimiter
-\family default
- button, which features a blue square surrounded by brackets, to pop up
- the
-\family sans
+ Hit the delimiter button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ to pop up the
+\family sans
Delimiter
-\family default
+\family default
dialog.
Your current selection of delimiters is displayed in a box.
- It's a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
- a brace and a parenthesis, or even choose the empty square to have something
+ It is a pair of parentheses by default, but you can choose a pair of braces,
+ a brace and a parenthesis, or choose the empty square to have something
like
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $a=\left\langle 7\right.$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but won't show
- up in the output).
-\layout Standard
+ (the empty delimiter is displayed as a broken line in LyX, but will not
+ show up in the output).
+\end_layout
-If you're lazy, you can type actual parentheses in math mode, rather than
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you are lazy, you can type actual parentheses in math mode, rather than
using the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Delimiter
-\family default
- window.
+\family default
+ dialog.
However, those parentheses will be the same size as regular text, which
will look bad if you have a big fraction or matrix inside the parentheses.
- Using the
-\family sans
-Delimiter
-\family default
- window will guarantee that the delimiters are sized based on what's inside
- them.
-\layout Standard
+ So it is better in this case to use one of the three delimiter buttons
+ that insert directly e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+a (
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+) pair.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You can also put delimiters or a square root sign or a decoration on already
- existing text.
+ existing formula parts.
Select the portion of the formula that you want to adjust, and then click
on the button you want from the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
.
Try using this to change Newton's second law from scalar to vector form
(
\begin_inset Formula $f=ma$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to
\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{f}=m\overrightarrow{a}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
- Once you've learned about matrices, this is how you'll put parentheses
+ Once you have learned about matrices, this is how you will put parentheses
or brackets around them.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Fractions
-\layout Standard
-
-Fractions are very simple in Mathed.
- Just click on the
-\family sans
-Fraction
-\family default
- button in the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
-, which shows a fraction with blue squares in the numerator and the denominator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create a fraction, click on the fraction button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/frac.png
+ lyxscale 75
+ scale 60
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
+.
LyX writes two insertion points in a fraction.
As you would expect, you can use arrow keys or the mouse to move around
a fraction.
Click on the top square and type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
Now hit
-\family sans
+\family sans
Down
-\family default
+\family default
and type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
- You've made a fraction! Of course you can type anything within each of
+ You have made a fraction! Of course you can type anything within each of
the two boxes: variables with exponents, square roots, other fractions,
whatever.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Put equation 2 of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
into math mode.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
-TeX mode: Limits, log, sin and others
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Functions: lim, log, sin and others
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Because letters in math mode are considered to be variables, if you type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- in math mode, LyX thinks you're typing the product of the three variables
+ in math mode, LyX thinks you are typing the product of the three variables
\begin_inset Formula $s$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $i$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
, and
\begin_inset Formula $n$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
The three letters will be typeset in italics, when what you really wanted
was the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
typeset in Roman.
- In addition, LyX won't put a space between the word
+ In addition, LyX will not put a space between the word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
x
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- (typing
-\family sans
+ (pressing
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
- will just exit math mode).
+\family default
+ will exit the formula).
So how do you get
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\sin x$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Formula $\sin(x)$
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
instead of
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $sinx$
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Formula $sin(x)$
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
?
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Click on
+\begin_layout Standard
+Click on the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
+ button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math/functions.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and then on
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- in the
-\family sans
-Functions
-\family default
- list in the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
-.
+ in the appearing function list.
The word
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
sin
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
- is written in black, in upright roman type.
+ is displayed in LyX in black, and set in upright roman type.
The whole word is treated as one symbol, so if you type
-\family sans
+\family sans
Backspace
-\family default
+\family default
, it will delete the whole word.
Now type
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-x
+(x)
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-, which will be written in blue italics, like you expect in Mathed.
- In the
-\family typewriter
-dvi
-\family default
- file, the expression will be correctly typeset.
- Try it.
-\layout Standard
-
-Other commands you need to type in TeX mode using the
-\family sans
-Functions
-\family default
- box include other trigonometric functions and their inverses, hyperbolic
- functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
+, which will be written in blue italics, like you expect in a formula.
+ In the output, the expression will be correctly typeset.
+ Try it out.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The function list includes other trigonometric functions and their inverses,
+ hyperbolic functions, logarithms, limits, and quite a few others.
These functions can take subscripts and superscripts, important for typing
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\cos^{2}\theta$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Put equation 3 of
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
into math mode.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Matrices
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Click on the matrix button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:matrices}
+\end_inset
-\end_inset
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-Click on the
-\family sans
-Matrix
-\family default
- button in the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
+Toolbar
+\family default
.
- The dialog has two sliding bars which allow you to choose how many rows
- and columns you want in your matrix.
+ The appearing dialog allows you to choose how many rows and columns you
+ want in your matrix.
Choose 2 rows and 3 columns and hit
-\family sans
-Apply
-\family default
- or
-\family sans
+\family sans
OK
-\family default
+\family default
.
LyX prints 6 insertion points in a
\begin_inset Formula $2\times3$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
matrix.
- As usual, you can put any sort of Mathed expression (a square root, another
+ As usual, you can put any sort of formula expression (a square root, another
matrix, etc.) in each insertion point.
You can also leave some of the insertion points empty if you want.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\family sans
+\family sans
Tab
-\family default
+\family default
can be used to move horizontally between the columns of a matrix.
Alternatively, you can use the arrow keys to move around - hitting
-\family sans
+\family sans
Right
-\family default
+\family default
at the end of one box will move to the next box,
-\family sans
+\family sans
Down
-\family default
+\family default
will move to the next row, etc.
-\layout Standard
-
-If you suddenly need more rows or columns, use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-dit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-M
-\bar default
-ath\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Add\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-R
-\bar default
-ow
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-Add\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-olumn
-\family default
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you need to change the number of rows and columns, use the menu
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Rows
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+&
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Columns
+\family default
+ or the math toolbar buttons
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- They add a row or column just after the current position.
- Overdid it? Use
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-elete\SpecialChar ~
-Row
-\family default
- and
-\family sans
-D
-\bar under
-e
-\bar default
-lete\SpecialChar ~
-Column
-\family default
- from the same menu.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
See the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
for information on how to change the horizontal alignment of each column,
and how to change the vertical position of the whole matrix.
Note that if you want to write a table containing text, you should use
- LyX' wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
-\layout Subsection
+ LyX's wonderful table support, rather than trying to write text in a matrix.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
Display mode
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
All of the expressions we have written so far have been on the same line
as the text that came before and after them, otherwise known as inline
expressions.
to write them in display mode.
In addition, only displayed expressions can be labeled and numbered (see
the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
-), and multi-line equations (see Sec.
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:multiline}
+\emph default
+), and multi-line equations must be in display mode.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+While being in a formula, click on the display button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/math-display.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
-) must be in display mode.
-\layout Standard
+\end_inset
-Click on the
-\family sans
-Display
-\family default
- button in the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
-, which represents a couple lines of text before and after a centered blue
- box.
- LyX inserts a formula, but the insertion point is on a new line, and it's
- centered within that line.
- Now type an expression and run LaTeX to see how it looks.
- The
-\family sans
-Display
-\family default
- button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple of your expressions
- to display mode and back.
+ in the
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
+.
+ This centers the formula and adds a blank line before and after it.
+ Now type in an expression and compile your file to see how it looks.
+ The display button is actually a toggle; use it now to change a couple
+ of your expressions to display mode and back.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Display mode has a couple differences from inline mode:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The default font is larger for a few symbols, like
\begin_inset Formula $\sum$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
and
\begin_inset Formula $\int$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Subscripts and superscripts for limits and sums (but not integrals) are
- written under rather than next to the symbols
-\layout Itemize
+ written under and over rather than next to the symbols
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Text is centered
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Other than these differences, though, displayed expressions and inline expressio
ns are very similar.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-One final note about the way displayed formulae are typeset: be careful
- about whether you're putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
- If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then don't
+\begin_layout Standard
+One final note about the way displayed formulas are typeset: Be careful
+ about whether you are putting your equation into a new paragraph or not.
+ If your formula is in the middle of a sentence or paragraph, then do not
press
-\family sans
+\family sans
Return
-\family default
+\family default
.
Doing so will cause the text
-\emph on
+\emph on
after
-\emph default
+\emph default
the formula to start a new paragraph.
- That text will therefore be indented, which is probably not what you want.
-\layout Standard
+ That text will be indented or follow a blank line, depending on your document
+ paragraph settings, which is probably not what you want.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
+\series default
: Put the various equations in
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
example_raw.lyx
-\family default
- into display mode, and see how they're typeset differently.
-\layout Standard
+\family default
+ into display mode, and see how they are typeset differently.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-\series bold
+\series bold
Exercise
-\series default
-: Using various tools you've learned in this section, you should be able
- to write an equation like
+\series default
+: Using various tools you have learned in this section, you should be able
+ to write an equation like:
\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-After you've done it the hard way, why don't you give
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Mat
-\bar under
-h
-\bar default
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ases\SpecialChar ~
-environment
-\family default
- a try?
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+After you have done it the hard way, give
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Cases
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Environment
+\family default
+ a try.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{cc}
\log_{8}x & x>0\\
0 & x=0\\
-\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0\end{array}\right.\]
+\sum_{i=1}^{5}\alpha_{i}+\sqrt{-\frac{1}{x}} & x<0
+\end{array}\right.
+\]
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
More Math Stuff
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-Mathed can do plenty more.
- By now, you're familiar with the basics, so we'll just refer to the
-\emph on
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX's math editor can do a lot more.
+ Now you are familiar with the basics, you can refer to the
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
+\emph default
for tips on how to:
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Label and number expressions
+\end_layout
-Labeling and numbering expressions
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Create multi-line equations
+\end_layout
-Multi-line equations
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Change typefaces, e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-Change typefaces, e.g., to write bold-face text in an expression.
-\layout Itemize
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+to write bold-face text in an expression.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
Fine-tune font sizes and spacing within an expression.
- (Don't worry about this until your final draft!)
-\layout Itemize
+ (Do not worry about this until your final draft!)
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
Write macros.
These are very powerful, because you just define them once at the top of
the document, and then you can use them throughout the document.
- If you change the macro definition, the references to the macro will be
- changed throughout the document.
- Macros can even take arguments.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
-Do lots of other things we didn't have time to mention in this
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
-.
-\layout Chapter
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Do lots of other things that we have no space for in this Tutorial.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Chapter
Miscellaneous
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
-Other Major LyX Features
-\layout Standard
+\begin_layout Section
+Other major LyX Features
+\end_layout
-We haven't gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we aren't
+\begin_layout Standard
+We have not gone through all the possible commands in LyX, and we are not
planning on it.
As usual, see the
-\emph on
+\emph on
User's Guide
-\emph default
- for more information.
- We'll just mention a couple more major things LyX can do\SpecialChar \ldots{}
-
-\layout Itemize
-
+\emph default
+ and the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual for more information.
+ We will just mention a couple more major things LyX can do:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
LyX has WYSIWYM support for tables.
Use the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-able
-\family default
- to get a table.
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Table
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/tabular-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+) to get a table.
Click on the table with the
-\emph on
+\emph on
right button
-\emph default
+\emph default
to get a
-\family sans
-Table\SpecialChar ~
+\family sans
+Table
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
Settings
-\family default
+\family default
dialog box which allows extensive table editing.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
-LyX also supports including pictures in a number of formats (including JPEG
- and other bitmap formats, PostScript® and raw LaTeX) within documents.
+\begin_layout Itemize
+LyX also supports including pictures in any format within documents.
(You guessed it:
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-G
-\bar default
-raphics
-\family default
-\SpecialChar \@.
- Then click on the figure to choose the file to include, rotate or scale
- it, etc.) Tables and figures can have captions, and LyX will automatically
- generate lists of figures and/or tables.
-\layout Itemize
-
-Version control is supported, using RCS (
-\family typewriter
-man rcsintro
-\family default
- for more info).
-\layout Itemize
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Graphics
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_graphics.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+
+).
+ Then browse for the figure file, rotate or scale it, etc.) Tables and figures
+ can have captions, and LyX will automatically generate lists of figures
+ and/or tables.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
LyX is heavily configurable.
Everything from how the LyX window looks to how the output comes out can
be configured in a number of ways.
Much configuration is done through
-\family sans
-\bar under
-T
-\bar default
-ools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-references
-\family default
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Preferences
+\family default
.
For more information on this, check out
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar \@.
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
-
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
LyX is being developed by a team of programmers on five continents.
Therefore, LyX has better support for non-English languages (such as Dutch,
German, French, Greek, Czech, Turkish, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
) than many word processors.
- Even some right-to-left languages like Hebrew or Arabic are supported.
- You can write documents in other languages, but you can also configure
- LyX to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
+ Even the right-to-left languages Arabic, Farsi, and Hebrew and the Asian
+ languages Chinese Japanese, and Korean are supported.
+ You can write documents in other languages and you can also configure LyX
+ to show its menus and error messages in other languages.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
The LyX menus feature keybindings.
This means that you can do
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-pen
-\family default
- by typing
-\family sans
-M-F
-\family default
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Open
+\family default
+ by pressing
+\family sans
+Alt+F
+\family default
followed by
-\family sans
+\family sans
O
-\family default
- or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (C-O by default).
+\family default
+ or by using the binding which is shown next to it in the menu (Ctrl+O by
+ default).
Keybindings are also configurable.
For information on this, check out
-\family sans
-\bar under
-H
-\bar default
-elp\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Customization\SpecialChar \@.
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-ustomization\SpecialChar \@.
+\end_layout
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Itemize
+LyX can read LaTeX documents.
+ See section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-LyX can read in LaTeX documents.
- See Section\SpecialChar ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:relyx}
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:tex2lyx"
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
-\layout Itemize
+\end_layout
-Spellchecking and thesaurus facilities are available.
-\layout Itemize
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Spell-checking, thesaurus, and word count facilities are available.
+\end_layout
-The text box near the bottom of the LyX window is called the minibuffer
- (after a similar feature in
-\family typewriter
-emacs
-\family default
-).
- This gives you access to all sorts of interesting functionality, including
- functionality which could break your document.
- In other words, don't type in the minibuffer unless you know what you're
- doing.
-\layout Section
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Generation of indexes and nomenclatures/glossaries is supported.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
LyX for LaTeX Users
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:latexusers"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:latexusers}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-If you don't know anything about LaTeX, you don't have to read this section.
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you do not know anything about LaTeX, you do not have to read this section.
Actually, you might want to
-\emph on
+\emph on
learn
-\emph default
+\emph default
about LaTeX, and then read this chapter.
- However, many people who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
+ However, some who begin to use LyX will be familiar with LaTeX.
If you are such a person, you may be wondering if LyX can really do everything
LaTeX can do.
The short answer is that LyX can do pretty much everything LaTeX can do
in one form or another, and it definitely simplifies most parts of writing
a LaTeX document.
- Currently, there may be some annoyance in converting old LaTeX documents
- and in a couple other areas, but later releases of LyX will get rid of
- these problems.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Because this is just a tutorial, we are only going to mention things that
new LyX users will most likely be interested in.
- In the interests of keeping the
-\emph on
-Tutorial
-\emph default
- short, we will give only minimal information here.
+ In the interests of keeping the Tutorial short, we will give only minimal
+ information here.
The
-\emph on
-Extended Features
-\emph default
- manual, specifically the
-\emph on
-Secrets of the LaTeX Masters
-\emph default
- chapter, has a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
+\emph on
+Additional
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Features
+\emph default
+ and the
+\emph on
+Embedded
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Objects
+\emph default
+ manual have a great deal of information on differences between LyX and
LaTeX, and how to do various LaTeX tricks in LyX.
-\layout Subsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
TeX Mode
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
Anything that you enter in TeX mode will be passed straight to LaTeX, and
will be displayed in red on the screen.
You can use TeX commands in LyX by choosing
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Te
-\bar under
-X
-\family default
-\bar default
-.
- This creates a text box, and everything within it is passed straight to
- LaTeX.
-\layout Standard
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+TeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Code
+\family default
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Graphics
+ filename ../images/ert-insert.png
+ scale 75
+ scaleBeforeRotation
+
+\end_inset
+).
+ This creates a box where everything within it is passed straight to LaTeX.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
In a math formula, TeX mode is handled a bit differently.
- Enter TeX mode by typing a backslash.
+ TeX mode is there entered by typing a backslash.
The backslash is not written out, but anything you type afterwards will
be in red.
You exit TeX mode by typing
-\family sans
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
+\family default
or some other non-alphabetic character, like a number, underscore, caret,
or parenthesis.
- Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you've typed in, it
- will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
- So if, in a formula, you type
-\family typewriter
+ Once you exit TeX mode, if LyX knows the TeX command you have typed in,
+ it will convert it to WYSIWYM\SpecialChar \@.
+ So if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
gamma
-\family default
-, then when you type
-\family sans
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula and then press
+\family sans
Space
-\family default
+\family default
, LyX will change the red
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
gamma
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
to a blue
\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\gamma$
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
.
This will work for almost all, non-complicated math macros.
This may be faster than using the
-\family sans
-Math\SpecialChar ~
-Panel
-\family default
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Toolbar
+\family default
, and will be especially convenient for experienced LaTeX users.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-As a special case, if you type a brace in TeX mode, then the beginning
-\emph on
+\begin_layout Standard
+As a special case, if you type
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\family typewriter
+
+\backslash
+{
+\family default
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ in a formula, the beginning
+\emph on
and
-\emph default
- ending braces will be inserted in red, then take you
-\emph on
-out
-\emph default
- of TeX mode and place the cursor between the braces.
- This makes it more convenient to type commands that LyX doesn't know which
- take an argument.
-\layout Standard
-
-LyX can't do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do (yet?).
- Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but aren't
- WYSIWYM.
+\emph default
+ ending braces will be inserted in red while the cursor is placed between
+ the braces.
+ This makes it more convenient to type those commands which take an argument.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX cannot do absolutely everything that LaTeX can do.
+ Some fancy functions are not supported at all, while some work but are
+ not WYSIWYM.
TeX mode allows users to get the full flexibility of LaTeX, while having
all the convenient features of LyX, like WYSIWYM math, tables, and editing.
LyX could never support every LaTeX package.
However, by typing
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
-\backslash
+\backslash
usepackage{foo}
-\family default
- in the preamble (see Section\SpecialChar ~
-
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:preamble}
-
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ in the preamble (see Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-), you can use any package you want --- although you won't have WYSIWYM
- support for that package's features.
-\layout Subsection
-Importing LaTeX Documents---
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:preamble"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:relyx}
+), you can use any package you want — although you will not have WYSIWYM
+ support for that package's features.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Importing LaTeX Documents —
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
-You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-mport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX
-\family default
- command in LyX.
- This will call a Perl script called
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
----which will create a file
-\family typewriter
-foo.lyx
-\family default
- from the file
-\family typewriter
-foo.tex
-\family default
----and then open that file.
- If the translation doesn't work, you can try calling
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
- from the command line
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-When LyX is installed, a separate executable called
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
- will be placed in the same folder as the
-\family typewriter
-lyx
-\family default
- executable (e.g.,
-\family typewriter
-/usr/local/bin/reLyX
-\family default
-).
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:tex2lyx"
-\family typewriter
- reLyX
-\family default
- requires Perl (version 5.002 as of this writing).
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
-, possibly using fancier options.
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
- will translate most legal LaTeX, but not everything.
- It will leave things it doesn't understand in TeX mode, so after translating
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can import a LaTeX file into LyX by using the
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Import\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+(plain)
+\family default
+ menu in LyX.
+ This will call the program
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ which will create a file foo.lyx from the file foo.tex.
+ LyX will then open that file.
+ If the translation does not work, you can try calling
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ from the command line, possibly using fancier options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Even when the translation does work,
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ may not translate everything, though it does handle most legal LaTeX.
+ It will leave things it does not understand in TeX mode; so, after translating
a file with
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
-, you can look for red text and hand-edit it to look right.
-\layout Standard
-
-
-\family typewriter
-reLyX
-\family default
- has its own manpage.
- Read it to find out about which LaTeX commands and environments aren't
- supported, bugs (and how to get around them), and how to use the various
- options.
-\layout Subsection
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+, you can look for the red text and manually edit it to get it right.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ has its own documentation (manpage), which Unix/Linux users can access
+ via the console command
+\family typewriter
+man
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+.
+ The manpage describes which LaTeX commands and environments are not supported,
+ what bugs you might run into (and how to get around them), and how to use
+ the various options.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is important to understand that
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ can only translate files whose document class is
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+known
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+ to LyX, that is, for which there is a corresponding LyX
+\family sans
+layout file
+\family default
+.
+ If there is no layout file, then you will get an error saying that the
+ conversion could not be performed.
+ So, unless you have a layout for the document class of your LaTeX file,
+
+\family typewriter
+tex2lyx
+\family default
+ simply will not know how to translate the LaTeX that it finds there into
+ things LyX understands.
+ More about layout files and how they are created is explained in detail
+ in Chapter 5 of the
+\emph on
+Customization
+\emph default
+ manual.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
Converting LyX Documents to LaTeX
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
You might wish to convert a LyX Document to a LaTeX file.
- For example, a co-worker or co-author who doesn't have LyX might want to
- read it.
- This is very easy to do with LyX.
+ For example, a co-worker or co-author who does not have LyX might want
+ to read it.
Select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-F
-\bar default
-ile\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-E
-\bar default
-xport\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX
-\family default
+\family sans
+File\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Export\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\family default
.
This will create a file
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
whatever.tex
-\family default
+\family default
from the
-\family typewriter
+\family typewriter
whatever.lyx
-\family default
+\family default
file you are editing.
- LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files,
- so it is very good at generating LaTeX.
-\layout Subsection
+ LyX always creates temporary LaTeX files when viewing or printing files.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
LaTeX Preamble
-\layout Subsubsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
Document Class
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
The
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-S
-\bar default
-ettings
-\family default
- dialog takes care of many of the options that you would input in a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command.
- Change the class, default font size and paper size here.
- Put any extra options to the
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-documentclass
-\family default
- command in the
-\family sans
-E
-\bar under
-x
-\bar default
-tra\SpecialChar ~
-Options
-\family default
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings
+\family default
+ dialog takes care of the document-wide options.
+ You can change there the document class, default font size and paper size.
+ Document class options but also options for LaTeX packages can be entered
+ there in the
+\family sans
+Class
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+options
+\family default
area.
-\layout Subsubsection
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
Other Preamble Matter
-\layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sec:preamble"
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \label{sec:preamble}
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
If you have special commands to put in the preamble of a LaTeX file, you
can use them in a LyX document as well.
Select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-D
-\bar default
-ocument\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-L
-\bar default
-aTeX\SpecialChar ~
-
-\bar under
-P
-\bar default
-reamble
-\family default
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Preamble
+\family default
and type in the dialog window (or from the document settings dialog, depending
on the frontend).
- Anything you type will (like with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
-\layout Subsection
+ Anything you type will (as with TeX mode) be sent directly to LaTeX.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
BibTeX
-\layout Standard
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
LyX has support for BibTeX, which allows you to build databases of bibliographic
al references to be used in multiple documents.
Select
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-List\SpecialChar ~
-/\SpecialChar ~
-T
-\bar under
-O
-\bar default
-C\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-B
-\bar default
-ibTeX\SpecialChar ~
-Reference
-\family default
-to include a
-\family typewriter
-bib
-\family default
- file.
- Click on the resulting
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+List
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
-BibTeX\SpecialChar ~
-Generated\SpecialChar ~
-References
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+/
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
- button, and you will get a
-\family sans
-BibTeX
-\family default
-dialog.
+TOC\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+BibTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Bibliography
+\family default
+ to include a
+\family typewriter
+BibTeX
+\family default
+ file.
In the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Database
-\family default
- field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-bibliography{}
-\family default
- command
-\begin_inset Foot
-collapsed true
-
-\layout Standard
-
-Like in regular LaTeX, multiple bibliographies should be separated by commas,
- with no whitespace.
-\end_inset
+\family default
+ field you load BibTeX files, in the
+\family sans
+Style
+\family default
+ field you can load BibTeX style files.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After you have done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies
+ you are including with
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Citation
+\family default
+ (see Section
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-.
- Similarly, in the
-\family sans
-Style
-\family default
-field, type what you would type inside the braces of a
-\family typewriter
-
-\backslash
-bibliographystyle{}
-\family default
- command.
-\layout Standard
-
-After you've done this, you can use citations from any bibliographies you're
- including with
-\family sans
-\bar under
-I
-\bar default
-nsert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\bar under
-C
-\bar default
-itation\SpecialChar ~
-Reference
-\family default
- (see Section\SpecialChar ~
-\begin_inset LatexCommand \ref{sec:bibliographies}
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:bibliographies"
-\end_inset
+\end_inset
).
LyX will take care of running BibTeX.
The box in the
-\family sans
+\family sans
Citation
-\family default
+\family default
dialog will show a list of all the references in your
-\family typewriter
-bib
-\family default
+\family typewriter
+BibTeX
+\family default
file.
-\layout Section
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
Errors!
-\layout Standard
-
-Sometimes when you LaTeX a document, there will be errors, things that LyX
- or LaTeX can't understand.
- When this happens, LyX will create an error box (a box with the word
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-error
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes when you try to view a document, there will be errors, things
+ that LyX or LaTeX cannot understand.
+ When this happens, LyX will open a
+\family sans
+LaTeX
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Errors
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Clicking on individual errors in this dialog will take you to the place
+ in the LyX document where the error occurs and also display the detailed
+ LaTeX error message.
+\end_layout
- in it).
- Clicking on this box will pop up a window showing what the error was.
- LyX will just include the error message that LaTeX gave.
- Note that the placement of these errors in often not accurate.
-\the_end
+\end_body
+\end_document
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff