-#LyX 1.6.4svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 501
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/
\textclass scrartcl
\begin_preamble
% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
\fi % end if pdflatex is used
-% Folgendes Problem lösen:
-% Besteht die Kapitelnummer aus zu vielen Ziffern, wird die
-% Kapitelüberschrift im Inhaltsverzeichnis direkt an oder über
-% die Kapitelnummer geschrieben.
-% Als Lösung wird mehr Platz zwischen Nummer und
-% Überschrift eingefügt.
+% solves the following problem:
+% If the dection number consits of too many numerals the section heading
+% will be printed in the TOC without a space between it and the section number.
+% As solution more space between the number and the heading is inserted:
\renewcommand{\l@subsection}{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
\renewcommand{\l@subsubsection}{\@dottedtocline{3}{4.3em}{3.6em}}
-% To be able to enter the character ° and · directly in LyX,
-% see sec. 22.11
-\DeclareInputText{176}{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi}
-\DeclareInputText{183}{\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi}
-
% increase link area for cross-references and autoname them,
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
-\newlength{\abc}
-\settowidth{\abc}{\space}
-\addto\extrasenglish{
- \renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}}
- \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
- \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
- \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}}
+\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{\usepackage[english]{babel}}{}
+\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{
+ \addto\extrasenglish{%
+ \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}%
+ \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ }
+}{}
% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}}
+% add 0.5 mm vertical space for table rows
+\@ifundefined{extrarowheight} {\usepackage{array}}{}
+\setlength{\extrarowheight}{0.5mm}
+
% insert additional vertical space of 1.5 mm between footnotes,
\let\myFoot\footnote
\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\myFoot{#1\vspace{1.5mm}}}
-% provides caption formatting
+% makes caption labels bold
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
-% used in Kap. 22.6
-\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-
-% enables calculation of values,
+% enables calculation of values
\usepackage{calc}
-% for multiple table row and column cells
-\usepackage{multirow}
+% for multiple columns used in sec. 24.7
\usepackage{multicol}
% needed in sec. 19.4
\usepackage{remreset}
-% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3)
-\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering}
+% for the Fourier transformation symbol
+\usepackage{mathrsfs}
% define a color, used in sec.9.3
\definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\Lozenge}{\blacklozenge}
\DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn}
-\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
-
% example definitions for sec. 20.1
\newcommand{\gr}{\Longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\us}[1]{\underline{#1}}
% example macro from sec. 19.4
%\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{|#1|}}
-% macro from sec. 10.2
-\def\clap#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}
-\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal}
-\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
-
-% redefine the greyed out note
-\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
- {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
% ------------------------------------
% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
\usepackage{ifthen}
+% check for package undertilde
+% used for the command \utilde
+\newboolean{undertilde}
+\IfFileExists{undertilde.sty}
+ {\usepackage{undertilde}
+ \setboolean{undertilde}{true}}
+ {\setboolean{undertilde}{false}}
+
% check for package eurosym
% used for the Euro symbol
\newboolean{eurosym}
\setboolean{eurosym}{true}}
{\setboolean{eurosym}{false}}
-% needed in sec. 22.4
% check for package braket
+% used for physical vectors
\newboolean{braket}
\IfFileExists{braket.sty}
{\usepackage{braket}
\setboolean{braket}{true}}
{\setboolean{braket}{false}}
-% needed in sec. 22.10
+% check for package cancel
+\newboolean{cancel}
+\IfFileExists{cancel.sty}
+ {\usepackage{cancel}
+ \setboolean{cancel}{true}}
+ {\setboolean{cancel}{false}}
+
% check for package upgreek
\newboolean{upgreek}
\IfFileExists{upgreek.sty}
\setboolean{upgreek}{true}}
{\setboolean{upgreek}{false}}
\end_preamble
-\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove
+\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading
\use_default_options false
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
+\language_package default
\inputencoding auto
-\font_roman default
-\font_sans default
-\font_typewriter default
+\fontencoding global
+\font_roman "default" "default"
+\font_sans "default" "default"
+\font_typewriter "default" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100
-\font_tt_scale 100
-
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize a4paper
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 2
-\use_esint 1
+\use_package amsmath 2
+\use_package amssymb 2
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 2
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\justification true
+\use_refstyle 0
+\notefontcolor #0000ff
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 4
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation skip
\bullet 3 2 7 -1
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_css_as_file 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-LyX's detailed Math manual
+\SpecialChar LyX
+'s detailed Math manual
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
-by the LyX Team
+by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
-If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
-tion mailing list:
+If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Documentatio
+n mailing list:
\family typewriter
\begin_inset CommandInset href
\family sans
-Version 2.0.x
+Version 2.1.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To export this document to PDF, PS, or DVI the LaTeX-packages
+To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages
\series bold
-eurosym,
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-multirow,
+braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mathtools, mhchem, undertilde
\series default
and
\series bold
was
\series default
- must be installed.
- If they are not installed you can export the document anyway but the sections
- where the packages are required won't appear in the output.
+ should be installed.
+ If they are not installed the document can be exported anyway but the sections
+ where the packages are required will not appear in the output.
+ An exception is
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+; if it is not installed, this file cannot be exported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This document explains LyX's math features and is furthermore a collection
- of LaTeX-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs.
+This document explains \SpecialChar LyX
+'s math features and is furthermore a collection
+ of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs.
The explanations are designed for the usage of commands.
It is therefore required that you have read the section
\family typewriter
\family sans
Insert
\series bold
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
\series default
Math
\family default
-, or the
+ or the
\family sans
math
\family default
\family sans
Use AMS math package
\family default
- must be used in the document settings (menu
+ must be checked in the document settings (menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
--math when math constructs are found that are supported by LyX.
+-math when math constructs are found that are supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "amsguide.ps"
-target "ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex/doc/amsguide.ps"
+target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amstex/amsguide.pdf"
\end_inset
\family default
-, which is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+, which is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To create an inline formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
-
+.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
To create a display style formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that will appear bigger and in an own paragraph, use one of these shortcuts:
-
+ which will appear bigger, has a different format, and will be in a separate
+ paragraph, use one of these shortcuts:
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "math-display"
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change formula type
\family default
.
\backslash
displaystyle
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
to a formula.
Then a new blue box appears in which the desired formula part is inserted.
\end_layout
\family default
can be turned on in the menu
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
Toolbars
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The TeX-mode
-\begin_inset Index
+The \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@TeX-mode
+T@\SpecialChar TeX
+-mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
is invoked by pressing the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
or by using the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Te
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X Code
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+TeX Code
\family default
(shortcut
\begin_inset Info
\end_inset
).
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In LyX there are three
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-proper names
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX,
- and LyX
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair
- is inserted.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To change the LaTeX-preamble
-\begin_inset Index
+To change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-L@LaTeX-preamble
+L@\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\end_layout
\end_inset
, use the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-eX
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To edit matrices, case differentiations, and multiline formulas subsequently,
- the menus
+To edit matrices, case differentiations and multiline formulas subsequently,
+ use the menus
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
and
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\family sans
table toolbar
\family default
- can be used.
+.
When lines and columns are swapped via the menu, the column or line where
the cursor is in is exchanged with the column to the right or the line
below, respectively.
is used, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+reference "subsec:Text-in-multiline"
\end_inset
mathematical text
\emph default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
is used.
- This mode is invoked with the the shortcut
+ This mode is invoked with the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\backslash
text
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
- The text appears black in LyX and can therefore be distinguished from the
- other formula parts that appear blue.
+ The text appears black in \SpecialChar LyX
+ and can therefore be distinguished from the
+ other formula parts which appear blue.
In the output mathematical text is set upright, in contrary to other formula
parts.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Most of the LaTeX-commands for math constructs have the following scheme:
+Most of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands for math constructs have the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A command starts always with a backslash
+A command always starts with a backslash
\begin_inset Quotes gld
\end_inset
.
To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets.
The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as
- TeX-braces
-\begin_inset Index
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@TeX-braces
+T@\SpecialChar TeX
+-braces
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- If you add in a formula a left brace to a command name, LyX creates automatical
-ly a TeX-brace.
- In all other cases TeX-braces are created in formulas with the command
-
+ If you add in a formula a left brace to a command name, \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically
+ creates a \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
+ In all other cases \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces are created in formulas with the command
\series bold
\backslash
{
\series default
.
- TeX-braces appear red in LyX, in contrary to normal braces that appear
- blue.
- In TeX-mode no command is needed to get TeX-braces.
- TeX-braces don't appear in the output.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
+, in contrary to normal braces which appear blue.
+ In \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode no command is needed to get \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces don't appear in the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
When commands without arguments, like commands for symbols are entered in
- TeX-mode, a space character must
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode, a space character must
\emph on
always
\emph default
\begin_layout Standard
A protected space is inserted with
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The symbol
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This visible space character can be created with the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-textvisiblespace
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
-\backslash
-textvisiblespace
-\end_layout
-
+The symbol
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-, inserted in TeX-mode.
+ denotes a space character to be input.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+An arrow like
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+ denotes the usage of the corresponding arrow key on the keyboard.
+ The
+\family sans
+Tab
+\family default
+ key can often be used instead of
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset space ~
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
\end_inset
-denotes a space character to be input.
-\end_layout
+, and
+\family sans
+Shift+Tab
+\family default
+ instead of
+\begin_inset Formula $\leftarrow$
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Itemize
-An arrow like
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+ and
+\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
\end_inset
- denotes the usage of the corresponding arrow key on the keyboard.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection*
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-bp
+böp
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Exponents
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
and Indices
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-subscript.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-subscript"
\end_inset
- , exponents with a caret
+, exponents with a caret
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-superscript.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-superscript"
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-command
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{V}$
+\begin_inset Formula $B^{V}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
B^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $B^{A}$
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for other character
-s than vowels.
+Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for characters
+ other than vowels.
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- To get in this case exponents, press
+ To get exponents in this case, press
\family sans
Space
\family default
Fractions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Fractions"
+name "subsec:Fractions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
frac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- scale 50
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac"
\end_inset
.
The font size is adjusted automatically, depending on whether the fraction
is in an inline or display style formula.
With the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac-square.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
you can select different fraction types.
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style
- formula.
+ a fraction can be created that always has the size of a display style formula.
With
\series bold
\backslash
tfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula.
An example:
\end_layout
dfrac
\series default
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
1
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}$
\end_inset
cfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
can be used.
- Here an example:
+ Here is an example:
\begin_inset VSpace -3mm
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
-\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
+\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\backslash
cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
B+
\backslash
cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C+
\backslash
cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
E
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}$
-\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac{A}{B+C}$
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}\,,\,\cfrac{A}{B+C}\,,\,\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}
+\]
-,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}$
\end_inset
\backslash
cfracright
\series default
- are no real LaTeX commands but represent the command
+ are no real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands but represent the command
\series bold
\backslash
cfrac[alignment]{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
.
- Therefore you cannot use them in TeX code.
+ Therefore you cannot use them in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
frac
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
nicefrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
unitfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
unitfracthree
\series default
- is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+ is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command but the command
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
unitfrac[number]{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
.
- Therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
+ Therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Multiline fractions are explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Roots
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sqrt
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
, all other roots with the command
root
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or with the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/root.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\root"
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A-B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{A-B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
root
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
3
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
\end_inset
leftroot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
uproot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Distance is the number of Big Points (unit bp;
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\, bp=1\, inch}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\,bp=1\,inch}$
\end_inset
), that the index should be moved to the left or top, resp..
\backslash
beta
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Binomial Coefficients
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
binom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or with the submenu of the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac-square.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
.
- Analog to fractions (
+ As with fractions (
\series bold
\backslash
frac
\series default
-) there are besides
+) in addition to
\series bold
\backslash
binom
\series default
- the commands
+ there are the commands
\series bold
\backslash
dbinom
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
tbinom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
binom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\binom{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dbinom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dbinom{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
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A
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status collapsed
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cases
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-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/cases.png
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\end_inset
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-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
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\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
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\family default
.
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status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+By inserting
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\backslash
not
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
every character can be displayed canceled.
The characters are quasi accentuated by a slash.
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+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
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<row>
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<row>
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The last example shows, that not all negations look good.
- Therefore there are for some negations special commands (see
+The last example shows that not all negations look good.
+ Therefore there are special commands for some negations (see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
+reference "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols"
\end_inset
Placeholders
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Placeholders"
+name "subsec:Placeholders"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
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status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Typesetting isotopes and chemical symbols is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+reference "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and"
\end_inset
\end_inset
the following problem occurs:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
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\end_inset
\end_inset
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</row>
-<row>
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
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-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
phantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/space.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
\end_inset
The arrows indicate that the complete width and height of the box content
will be created as placeholder.
Phantom characters are accordingly placeholders with the size of the characters.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
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+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
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-
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-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
^19
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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\end_inset
_
\backslash
phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
1
\end_inset
9
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
F
\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
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\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
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^235
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-status collapsed
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-spce
-\end_layout
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\end_inset
_
\backslash
phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
23
\end_inset
9
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
F
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
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\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
ii
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t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_MMt
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}$
\end_inset
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For example creates
+For example the command
\series bold
\backslash
vphantom
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
a
\backslash
int
\series default
- space for the height of the integral sign,
+ creates space for the height of the integral sign,
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
creates an integral sign, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Big-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Big-Operators"
\end_inset
An example application is in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Brackets"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Placeholders can also be used for text when they are inserted via the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom Phantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a sentence.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Lines
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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-\backslash
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-\series default
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-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
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-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
underline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\underline{A+B}}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To double underline e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-results, one uses
+To double underline use
\series bold
\backslash
rule
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rule
\series default
- can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "3cm"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with one line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Ellipses
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Ellipses"
+name "subsec:Ellipses"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/ldots.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\ldots"
\end_inset
ldots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cdots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-, LaTeX decides on the basis of the next character what type is used.
+, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ decides on the basis of the next character what type is used.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
,
\backslash
dots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
,A_n
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
\backslash
dots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A_n
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
,
\backslash
ldots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
,A_n
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
\backslash
cdots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A_n
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
-A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$
+A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The ellipses available in menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+To use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\series default
+, one of the options
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package (automatically)
+\family default
+ must be set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Using the option
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package
+\family default
+ will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font
+ style or size is not the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns.
They are created with the command
\series bold
hdotsfor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dots
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
-q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\]
+q & w & e & r
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
Note that the matrix fields that should be spanned must be empty, otherwise
- you get LaTeX-errors.
+ you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
dotfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
the rest of a line with dots.
- The effect of these commands is the same like with
+ The effect of these commands is the same as with
\series bold
\backslash
, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
A
\backslash
dotfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Analog to
+Similar to
\series bold
\backslash
hrulefill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the commands for text, they have to be inserted in TeX-mode.
+To use the commands for text, they have to be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Matrices can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
or the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Matrix
\family default
.
- You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows, and the alignment.
- The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline
- formulas:
+ In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the
+ alignment and the decoration.
+ The vertical alignment is only of importance for matrices in inline formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
, the second middle
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
-, and the third bottom
+ and the third bottom
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
aligned.
\emph on
c
\emph default
- centered, and
+ centered and
\emph on
r
\emph default
\end_inset
matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are
- centered, and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
+ centered and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
alignment
\series bold
lccr
\series default
.
- Normally are in a matrix all columns centered, therefore the default is
- for every column is a
+ Normally in a matrix all columns are centered, therefore the default for
+ every column is a
\series bold
c
\series default
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
, etc.
, or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
can be used.
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands
+The
+\family sans
+Decoration
+\family default
+ adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix.
+ Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands
\series bold
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
), see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{bmatrix}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Bmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
pmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{pmatrix}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{vmatrix}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
Vmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
matrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{matrix}$
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix
is inserted.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Column-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Column-Separation"
\end_inset
arraystretch
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
renewcommand{
\backslash
arraystretch}{stretch factor}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
smallmatrix
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
This is a matrix
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\
-C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
+C & D
+\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
in a text line.
\begin_layout Section
Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Note:
\series default
- In TeX-mode the command
+ In \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode the command
\series bold
\backslash
textbackslash
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\series default
- produces there a line break.
+ produces a line break there.
\end_layout
\end_inset
Manual Bracket Size
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
+name "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The bracket size can be specified manually by the LaTeX-commands
+The bracket size can be specified manually by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands
\series bold
\backslash
big
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigg
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
These commands are used to emphasize levels of brackets:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Big((A+B)(A-B)
\backslash
Big)^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
\begin_layout Standard
Here is an overview about all bracket sizes:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
ln(3x)
\backslash
big}^2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
sin(x)
\backslash
Big]^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
bigm
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
bigr
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
In the following table is a comparison of the variants:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ln(3x)
\backslash
bigm)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Bigm)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ln(3x)
\backslash
big)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Big)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ln(3x)
\backslash
bigr)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Bigr)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr($
\end_inset
Automatic Bracket Size
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+name "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
.
\series default
the wanted bracket must be inserted.
The bracket size will then automatically be calculated for the output.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
ln(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
)
\series default
creates
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
left(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
right)
\series default
creates
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
Bracket
\family default
can be used.
- This has the advantage that you can see in LyX immediately the real bracket
+ This has the advantage that you can see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ immediately the real bracket
size and that the matching right bracket will be created too.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
left.
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
creates:
\series bold
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
right
\series default
- will be converted by LyX to brackets in the right size when the document
- is reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line.
+ will be converted by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to brackets in the right size when the document is
+ reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Because all popular LaTeX-Distributions use eTeX, an extension to LaTeX,
- the command
+Because all popular \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distributions use e\SpecialChar TeX
+, an extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+, the command
+
\series bold
\backslash
middle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
needed for physical vectors:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\:J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
-For physical vectors there is a special LaTeX-package, described in
+For physical vectors there is a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package, described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Physical-Vectors"
+reference "subsec:Physical-Vectors"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Brackets
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-raisebox{2.3mm}{
-\end_layout
-
+overbrace
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-overbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
+^3
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
+Commands ! O !
\backslash
-spce
+overbrace
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A+B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{A+B}^{3}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-3
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
-
+\backslash
+underbrace
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+_5
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands ! U !
\backslash
-overbrace
+underbrace
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{A+B}^{3}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{A+B}_{5}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+overbrace
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-raisebox{-2.2mm}{
-\end_layout
+underbrace
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+A+B_w
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+_7
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-underbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{\underbrace{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
-A+B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In the last example it doesn't matter if
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overbrace
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
+underbrace
+\series default
+ is inserted at first.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-_5
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
-\backslash
-underbrace
+Packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+, you have access to square backets:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\underbrace{A+B}_{5}$
-\end_inset
+Command
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-overbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+overbracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+^3
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
\backslash
-spce
+overbracket
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-underbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{A+B}^{3}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-A+B_w
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset ERT
+_5
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
+Commands ! U !
\backslash
-spce
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
\end_layout
\end_inset
-_7
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket{A+B}_{5}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+overbracket{
+\backslash
+underbracket{A+B_w
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+_7
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\overbrace{\underbrace{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{\underbracket{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the last example it doesn't matter if
+For
\series bold
\backslash
-overbrace
+overbracket
\series default
- or
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
-underbrace
+underbracket
\series default
- is inserted at first.
+ you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the
+ desired thickness in square brackets behind the command:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-When brackets are needed that overlap each other, multiline formulas, as
- described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-, must be used:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\
- & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-In the first row the formula is inserted together with the first brace.
- It is hereby important that the space command
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Space commands are explained in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+overbracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+[3pt]
+\backslash
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-.
+^3
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket[3pt]{A+B}^{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+[1pt]
+\backslash
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+_5
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket[1pt]{A+B}_{5}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+When brackets should overlap each other, multiline formulas, as described
+ in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
+
+\end_inset
+
+, must be used:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd\\
+ & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+In the first row the formula is inserted together with the first brace.
+ It is hereby important that the space command
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Space commands are explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
\backslash
:
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-because a bracket is not handled as character, see
+because a bracket is not handled as a character, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Placeholders"
+reference "subsec:Placeholders"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other, like in the following
- example:
+It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under
+ the formula, like in the following example:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
with the difference that the brace is above.
The second row contains the formula together with the second brace.
To avoid that there is space between the upper brace in the first row and
- the formula, the row spacing need to be reduced.
- This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX
+ the formula, the row spacing needs to be reduced.
+ This is not easily possible due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-.
- As solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
+ As a solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
\series bold
\backslash
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
jot}{-6pt}
\series default
- in TeX-mode.
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\series bold
More about the row separation in formulas is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Line-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/leftarrow.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\leftarrow"
\end_inset
or the commands listed in the following subsections.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+rightharpoonup
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoonup$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+rightharpoondown
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoondown$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+hookrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\hookrightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+leftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\leftrightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+Leftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Leftrightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+longleftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\longleftrightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+Longleftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\Longleftrightarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+rightleftharpoons
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\rightleftharpoons$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 25pt
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mapsto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mapsto$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+longmapsto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\longmapsto$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+leadsto
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\leadsto$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+dasharrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\dasharrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+Arrows used as accents like e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+vector arrows are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Accents"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Arrows ! labeled
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xleftarrow
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! X !
+\backslash
+xleftarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xrightarrow
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! X !
+\backslash
+xrightarrow
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ When inserting one of these commands in a formula, an arrow with two blue
+ boxes appear where the label can be inserted.
+ The length of the arrow adapts to the label width.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F(a)
+\backslash
+xleftarrow
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+x=a
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+x>0
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+F(x)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F(x)
+\backslash
+xrightarrow
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+x=a
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+x>0
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-rightharpoonup
+F(a)
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoonup$
+\begin_inset Formula $F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-rightharpoondown
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightharpoondown$
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
-\backslash
-hookrightarrow
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\hookrightarrow$
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-
+always
+\family default
+, you have access to the following labeled arrows:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\align center
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Example
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\backslash
-leftrightarrow
+xleftrightarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\leftrightarrow$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\backslash
-Leftrightarrow
+xLeftarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Leftrightarrow$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-longleftrightarrow
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xRightarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\longleftrightarrow$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Longleftrightarrow
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xLeftrightarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Longleftrightarrow$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\backslash
-rightleftharpoons
+xhookleftarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\rightleftharpoons$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\backslash
+xhookrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hspace{}
-\length 25pt
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Example
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mapsto
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftharpoondown
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mapsto$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-longmapsto
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftharpoonup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\longmapsto$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-leadsto
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightharpoondown
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\leadsto$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-dasharrow
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightharpoonup
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\dasharrow$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftrightharpoons
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-Arrows used as accent like e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
-vector arrows are listed in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Accents"
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-
-Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Arrows ! labeled
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
\backslash
-xleftarrow
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! X !
-\backslash
-xleftarrow
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightleftharpoons
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-xrightarrow
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! X !
-\backslash
-xrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The command scheme is for all these arrows:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
-.
- When inserting one of these commands in a formula, an arrow with two blue
- boxes appear where the label can be inserted.
- The length of the arrow adapts to the label width.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
F(a)
\backslash
-xleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
+xleftrightarrow[x=a]
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-x=a
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
-\end_inset
-
-x>0
+{x>0
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-F(x)
-\backslash
-xrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-x=a
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
-\end_inset
-
-x>0
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
-\end_inset
-
-F(a)
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical and diagonal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiter together with the commands
+Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiters together with the commands
described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Accents
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Accents can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
or the commands listed in the following subsections.
accents in text see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Accents-in-Text"
+reference "subsec:Accents-in-Text"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
More about
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-for-one"
+name "subsec:Accents-for-one"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ddddot{A
+ddddot
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
vec
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bar
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathring
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathring{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
tilde
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
hat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\hat{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
check
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\check{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
acute
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\acute{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
grave
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\grave{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
breve
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\breve{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
You can directly insert accents like é to formulas.
- LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
For umlauts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
it is better to insert a quotation mark before the vowel.
- These two characters are then treated by LaTeX as
+ These two characters are then treated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
\emph on
one
\emph default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- and the 0
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt space are only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang ngerman
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
i
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{i}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{i}$
\end_inset
be inserted.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents for Operators
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Accents ! for operators
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the commands
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports a tilde under the character if the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-overset
+undertilde
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
-\backslash
-overset
+Packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-underset
-\series default
+ is installed on your system:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+
+
\backslash
-underset
+ifundertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
- characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively, to accent
- it.
- With the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
-\backslash
-sideset
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+undertilde
+\series default
+ is installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- characters can be set before and behind an operator.
- The command scheme is:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-sideset{character
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-before}{character
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-behind}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- must always be before the operator that should be accented.
- You can accent with several characters and even with other operators and
- symbols.
- To place with
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- for example only characters behind an operator, write nothing between the
- first braces but don't omit the braces.
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For example the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sideset{
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-{
-\series default
-'
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+utilde
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-sum_k=1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\utilde{A}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-^
-\series bold
-n
-\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-overset
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+else
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+undertilde
+\series default
+ is not installed:
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+undertilde
\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-a
-\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+
+\backslash
+fi
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-As seen in the last example, with
-\series bold
-\backslash
-overset
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-underset
-\series default
- also symbols and characters can be accented; with
-\series bold
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- this is not possible.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for several Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overleftarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underleftarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overleftrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overleftrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underleftrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underleftrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
overrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
widetilde
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\widetilde{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
widehat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\widehat{A=B}$
\end_inset
\series default
will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
in the following example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
***
\series default
creates:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Space"
+name "subsec:Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Predefined Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Predefined-Space"
+name "subsec:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space to a formula.
+Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space into a formula.
This is done by inserting a protected space (shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "space-insert protected"
+arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
\end_inset
).
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\family default
several times one can select one of eight different space sizes.
The spaces can also be inserted using the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/space.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
\end_inset
or special commands.
Space
\family default
afterwards.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\align center
-\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="7">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Number of
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ keystrokes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\,B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\:B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\;B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-!
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
Space
\family default
- keystrokes after inserting the protected space
+ keystrokes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-0
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
+
+\backslash
+hfill
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
+5
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hfill B$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-4
+
+\backslash
+hspace*{1em}
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-5
+6
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace*{1em}B$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+hspace{1em}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+7
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{1em}B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$
+8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\ B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+!
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+9
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\! B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\!B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The last size seem to produce no space.
- It is displayed red in LyX contrary to the other sizes, because it is a
- negative space.
+Space
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+–
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+7 are variable spaces which are explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Space
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+9 seems to produce no space.
+ It is displayed red in \SpecialChar LyX
+ contrary to the other sizes, because it is a negative
+ space.
There are two more negative spaces:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-6
+10
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-7
+11
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Negative spaces can lead to characters overlapping each other.
- Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, what is e.
+ Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, which are e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-useful for summation operators:
+useful for summation operators:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sum
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
f_kl
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum\sum f_{kl}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
negmedspace
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
f_kl
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space.
- To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a TeX-brace.
+ To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
The following example demonstrates this:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
equation without space
\end_layout
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Spaces are needed for physical units, because the space between the value
and the unit is the smallest one and not a normal space.
For units in text, the smallest space is inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Thin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
for vertical space in formulas see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Line-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
texorpdfstring is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Variable-Space"
+name "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hspace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\color inherit
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The length may also be negative.
+ When a space would be the first character in a line it would be omitted.
+ To force its output use the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+hspace*
+\series default
+ instead of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hspace
+\series default
+ or left-click on the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\color blue
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and check the option
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
.
- The length may also be negative.
- To insert so many space that the formula uses all available space, the
- command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To insert as much space as is available, the command
\series bold
\backslash
hfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
is used.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace -1mm
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A=B
\backslash
hspace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
\backslash
hspace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A=A
\backslash
hfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B=B
that fill the space with a pattern, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Ellipses"
+reference "subsec:Ellipses"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
For text, variable space can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Horizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Space besides inline Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathsurround
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
The value of a length is set with the command
\series bold
\backslash
setlength
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- that has the following scheme:
+ which has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode.
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Boxes and Frames
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Boxes with Frame
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
+name "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to frame formulas or parts of it with the commands
+It is possible to frame a formula or part of one with the commands
\series bold
\backslash
fbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boxed
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When one of these commands is inserted to a formula, a blue box appears
+When one of these commands is inserted in a formula, a blue box appears
within a frame to enter formula parts.
For
\series bold
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As extension to
+An extension to
\series bold
\backslash
fbox
\series default
- there is the command
+ is the command
\series bold
\backslash
framebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Is no width given, also no position can be given.
+If no width is given, also no position can be given.
In this case the frame width is adjusted to the box content like for
\series bold
fbox
\series default
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
boxed
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox{-6.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\boxed{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A+
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $A+\fbox{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
framebox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
20mm
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\framebox[20mm][]{\ensuremath{\frac{A}{B}}}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The frame thickness can also be adjusted.
- To do this the following commands have to be inserted in TeX-mode before
- the formula
+ To do this the following commands have to be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the
+ formula
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-were inserted in TeX-mode.
+were inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The given values are used for all following boxes.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode before the next formula.
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the next formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Boxes without Frame
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
+name "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
makebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
raisebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
Ctrl+M
\family default
- twice instead of once because LyX doesn't yet support
+ twice instead of once because \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't yet support
\series bold
\backslash
\end_inset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
Colored Boxes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Colored-Boxes"
+name "subsec:Colored-Boxes"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use all commands explained in this section, the LaTeX-package
-
+To be able to use all commands explained in this section, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
color
\series default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The LaTeX-package
+The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
color
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+ has to be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
When text is colored somewhere in the document with a predefined color,
- LyX loads the LaTeX-package
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ loads the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
\series bold
color
\series default
automatically.
- Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice, but this doesn't
- arise problems.
+ Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice, but this does not
+ cause problems.
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the LaTeX-pre
-amble.
+To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble.
\end_layout
\end_inset
colorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
white
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
yellow
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
{
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C=D
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}\raisebox{-5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}$
\end_inset
colorbox
\series default
only colors the box but not the characters in the box.
- To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the wanted
+ To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the desired
color is chosen in the
\family sans
Text
\family default
dialog.
The dialog can be called with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Style\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
.
- The formula number has then the same color as the formula.
+ The formula number then has the same color as the formula.
When the formula number should get another color than the formula characters,
the color must be changed within the formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\color red
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
fcolorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- with the LaTeX-preamble line:
+ with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
0.5}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
yellow
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
black
\series default
\series bold
green
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
blue
\series default
yellow
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Paragraph Boxes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
+name "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs, a so called paragraph
+A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs, a so-called paragraph
box (parbox), can be created with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Box
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/box-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "box-insert"
\end_inset
.
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 1
+use_makebox 0
width "5cm"
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\emph on
Decoration
\emph default
-: Recangular box,
+: Rectangular box,
\emph on
Inner Box
\emph default
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-In LaTeX a parbox is created with the command
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ a parbox is created with the command
\series bold
\backslash
parbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that has the following scheme:
+ which has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\emph on
b
\emph default
- for bottom means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with
- its last line.
+ for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+bottom
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with its last
+ line.
With
\emph on
t
\emph default
- for top this is done with the first line.
+ for
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+top
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ this is done with the first line.
When no position is given, the box will be vertically centered, see section
\emph on
\backslash
fboxrule}{
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula.
\series bold
\backslash
linewidth
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is hereby the line width set for the document.
Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from
the line width.
- As this is not automatically done by LyX due to a bug
+ As this is not automatically done by \SpecialChar LyX
+ due to a bug
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-, TeX-mode has to be used.
- To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the LaTeX-package
+, \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode has to be used.
+ To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
calc
\series default
\series bold
calc
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- must be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+ must be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
}}
\series default
- in TeX-mode.
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
Here is an example:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-As a parbox is used as argument of
+As a parbox is used as the argument of
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Such a formula must be inserted completely in TeX-mode because LyX does
- not yet support the command
+Such a formula must be inserted completely in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode because \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not yet
+ support the command
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
parbox{5cm}{
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
- Then the description follows as normal text, and finally
+ Then the description follows as normal text and finally
\series bold
}}
\backslash
]
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The commands
\series bold
\end_inset
using the mathematical textmode:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Operators
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Big Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Big-Operators"
+name "subsec:Big-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
prod
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Commands ! P !
\backslash
prod
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
All big operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/intop.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\intop"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending on
+For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending in
\series bold
op
in the style the operator limits are displayed, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection*
-Advices for Integrals
+Advice for Integrals
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{in}
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\oiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqiint$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iiiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dotsint$
\end_inset
Operator Limits
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Operator-Limits"
+name "subsec:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Limits are created by super- and subscripts:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
prod^
\backslash
infty
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)$
\end_inset
directly behind the operator and the limits type is changed with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change Limits Type
\family default
to
\begin_layout Standard
The default limits type is this:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\family default
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
Display
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
subarray
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
substack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
are used.
To create for example this expression
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
^
\series bold
n
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_
\backslash
subarray
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\family default
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows &Columns
\family default
.
\backslash
hfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
there can be too much space beside an operator, because the characters
following the operator are set beside the limits.
+ To avoid this the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+smashoperator
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+smashoperator
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To avoid this, the following macro can be used in the LaTeX-preamble:
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used.
+ To activate it, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+always
+\family default
+.
+
\series bold
\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-clap#1{
-\backslash
-hbox to 0pt{
-\backslash
-hss #1
-\backslash
-hss}}
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ sets the space besides the operator to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+Applied on formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:substack"
-\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-mathclap {
-\backslash
-mathpalette
-\backslash
-mathclapinternal}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+, one uses the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-mathclapinternal #1#2{
+smashoperator{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and inserts the operator with its limits into the braces.
+ Behind the brace one continues the formula:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\smashoperator{\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
+0<k<1000\\
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}}k^{-2}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is possible to set the space of only one side of the operator to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
+ To do this write either
+\series bold
+[l]
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+[r]
+\series default
+ between
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-clap{$
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ and its brace.
+
+\series bold
+l
+\series default
+ stands for the left and
+\series bold
+r
+\series default
+ for the right side of the operator.
+ Here is an example of the possible
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ forms:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+Y\smashoperator{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}=Y\smashoperator[l]{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}=Y\smashoperator[r]{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This defines the command
+When several consecutive operators have limits the typesetting of the limits
+ looks often imperfect in the output, see this example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\text{a)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}\quad\text{b)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p^{2}\ge n}\quad\text{c)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{p^{2}\ge nK}\quad\text{d)}\limsup_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+To improve the typesetting set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+ Then insert into your formula the command
\series bold
\backslash
-mathclap
+adjustlimits
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands ! A !
\backslash
-mathclap
+adjustlimits
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that sets the width of the limit to 0
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ directly before the first operator.
+ The example will then look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\text{a)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}\quad\text{b)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p^{2}\ge n}\quad\text{c)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{p^{2}\ge nK}\quad\text{d)}\adjustlimits\limsup_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}
+\]
+
\end_inset
-pt.
- The command scheme is
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+How to use one limit for several operators is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Decoration for Operators
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! Decoration
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the commands
\series bold
\backslash
-mathclap{limit}
+overset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-where the limit can consist of several conditions.
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Applied on formula
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:substack"
+\end_inset
+
+ characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively.
+ With the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+sideset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, one uses the command
+ characters can be set before and behind a big operator.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+There are 4
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+variants of
\series bold
\backslash
-sum_
+sideset
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-mathclap{
+sideset
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the corners of the operator
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-substack
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+sidesetn
+\series default
+ is used to set characters before and/or behind the operator (this variant
+ represents \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s original
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+ command)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
+sidesetl
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the left corners and/or behind the operator
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-0<k<1000 Ctrl+Return
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sidesetr
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the right corners and/or before the operator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-to create the lower limit.
- The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+For example the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sidesetn
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+sum
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+'
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+_k=1
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+^
+\series bold
+n
+\series default
+ produces:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-How to use one limit for several operators is described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+ can only be used to decorate big operators, binary operators are not allowed.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overset
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underset
+\series default
+ can also be used to decorate symbols and characters.
+ For example, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overset
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+maltese
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+a
+\series default
+ produces:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
+
\end_inset
Binary Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Binary-Operators"
+name "subsec:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Binary operators are surrounded by space when there is a character before
- and behind them.
+ and after them.
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
All binary operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/pm.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\pm"
\end_inset
.
\family default
from the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special Character
\family default
is the operator
Self-defined Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+name "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
DeclareMathOperator
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- custom operators can be defined in the LaTeX-preamble.
+ custom operators can be defined in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble.
Its command scheme is:
\end_layout
All self-defined big operators can have limits as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For example the LaTeX-preamble line
+For example the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
, that inserts a big operator consisting of the lozenge symbol from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
+reference "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
\end_inset
:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
mathop
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathbin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
sum
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^N
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Font Styles
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Font-Styles"
+name "subsec:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles:
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
Command
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathbb
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathbf
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-bold"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boldsymbol
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-boldsymbol"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathcal
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathfrak
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
\end_inset
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
Command
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathit
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathrm
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-roman"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathsf
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-sans"
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathtt
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
+\series default
+AbC
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{AbC}$
+\end_inset
-\series default
-AbC
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathtt{AbC}$
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+\series default
+ABC
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-typewriter"
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{ABC}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
mathbb
\series default
- and
+,
\series bold
\backslash
mathcal
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
\series default
can only be used for big letters.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
.
That their style can't be set correctly via the text style dialog is a
- bug in LyX.
+ bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
Instead of the style commands the dialog
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text Style
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/font.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
can be used.
Bold Formulas
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Bold-Formulas"
+name "subsec:Bold-Formulas"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
boldsymbol
\series default
is used:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
boldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- in TeX-mode.
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
To end the environment, the command
\series bold
\backslash
unboldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family default
dialog.
Here is a formula in magenta:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
You can also define your own colors as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Colored-Boxes"
+reference "subsec:Colored-Boxes"
\end_inset
.
- They can be used with the TeX code command
+ They can be used with the \SpecialChar TeX
+ code command
\series bold
\backslash
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Due to a bug in LyX only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined
+Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+ only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined
colors.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
Font Sizes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Font-Sizes"
+name "subsec:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
scriptsize
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, that
- corresponds with the command
+The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, which
+ corresponds to the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size
+A size command is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula and sets the size
for all following formula and text characters.
To switch back to the initial size, the command
\series bold
\backslash
normalsize
\series default
- is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted behind the formula in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within a formula the size can only be changed for symbols or letters in
- mathematical text.
- To do this, the size command is inserted in mathematical text.
- All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
- another size command will have the selected size.
- Two examples:
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
+Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\style"
+\end_inset
+
+:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-huge
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+displaystyle
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+displaystyle
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-normalsize
+textstyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-Before both formulas the command
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-huge
-\series default
- was inserted.
- The command for the second formula is:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+scriptstyle
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
+\end_inset
-\series bold
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+scriptscriptstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
\end_inset
-A Alt+M M
-\backslash
-Large
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After entering these commands, a blue box appears in which the formula parts
+ are inserted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is a further method to change the font size, that though only works
+ for symbols or letters in mathematical text.
+ To use it, one of the above text size commands is inserted in mathematical
+ text.
+ All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
+ another size command will have the selected size.
+ Two examples:
+\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+huge
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\backslash
-maltese
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+normalsize
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+Before both formulas the command
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+huge
+\series default
+ was inserted.
+ The command for the second formula is:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+maltese
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+A Alt+M M
+\backslash
+Large
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+maltese
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+\backslash
+textit
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
M
\backslash
tiny
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\begin_layout Section
Greek Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/alpha.png
- scale 85
-
+Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\alpha"
\end_inset
.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
+ have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Small Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to create upright Greek letters is explained in
+How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
+reference "subsec:Upright-small-Greek"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Big Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
That the big Greek letters appear upright is caused by a design bug when
- TeX was developed.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ was developed.
To get correct italic big letters, begin every command with
\series bold
var
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- produces:
+ produces
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+ Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boldsymbol
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in
+A list with all symbols of most of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages can be found in
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Symbole"
+key "Symbols"
\end_inset
texorpdfstring is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the
toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/nabla.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\nabla"
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\digamma"
\end_inset
.
Mathematical Symbols
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
+name "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Symbol
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
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+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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<row>
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</row>
<row>
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Miscellaneous Symbols
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LatexCommand label
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+name "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
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+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
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+
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<row>
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-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
The Euro-Symbol €
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
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\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package
+To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
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status collapsed
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euro
\series default
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status collapsed
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\backslash
euro
\series default
- can also be inserted in TeX-mode.
+ can also be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
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The official currency symbol can then be inserted with the command
\series bold
officialeuro
\series default
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status collapsed
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-, that is only available in TeX-mode.
+, that is only available in \SpecialChar TeX
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\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\begin_layout Standard
An overview about the different Euro symbols:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
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<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
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+
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+
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+
\end_layout
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<row>
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<row>
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<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-TeX-mode
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+ mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
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\begin_inset Text
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<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
, respectively.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports also many special relations.
+ Use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\leqq"
+\end_inset
+
+ to see a list of these relations.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space.
\end_layout
stackrel
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
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\end_layout
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</cell>
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-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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A(r)
\backslash
stackrel
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
r
to
\backslash
infty
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
approx
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
\end_inset
Predefined Functions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Predefined-Functions"
+name "subsec:Predefined-Functions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
.
- Therefore there are predefined functions, that are additionally a bit separated
+ Therefore there are predefined functionswhich are additionally a bit separated
from prefactors.
They are inserted as commands starting with a backslash before their name.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
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\begin_inset Text
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\end_layout
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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+\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
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</cell>
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+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
+\end_inset
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+
+\begin_inset Tabular
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_inset Text
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
.
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Define the function by inserting the following line to the LaTeX-preamble
+Define the function by inserting the following line to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
\end_inset
sgn}{sgn}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Write the the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the
- letters
+Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters
+
\emph on
sgn
\emph default
, and change it to mathematical text.
- At last a space is inserted between prefactor and function.
+ Finally, a space is inserted between prefactor and function.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black.
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+ self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black.
\end_layout
\end_inset
:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Limits
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For limits there are defined besides
+For limits, in addition to the commands
\series bold
\backslash
lim
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
limsup
\series default
- furthermore the following functions:
+ the following functions are defined:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
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<row>
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-raisebox
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-
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-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
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\begin_inset Text
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\end_inset
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</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
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-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
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\align center
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<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hspace{}
-\length 1cm
-\end_inset
-
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The space and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- are used here as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
lim_x
\backslash
to
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
x=B
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+How to adjust the typesetting of the limits see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Modulo-Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The variants in a displayed formula:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+ The variants in a displayed formula are:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
+\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\mod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\bmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pod b
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all
variants.
+ By default the modulo-functions take only the first following character
+ into account.
+ To use more than one character, one has to put them into \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
+\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d
+\end{align*}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Special Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The characters ^ and _ would normally create a superscript and subscript,
+ respectively.
+ To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading
+\backslash
+:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\_$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode:
+The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
AA
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-command
+Command
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\digamma"
\end_inset
.
`
\series default
-, because they can be inserted in LyX directly to text.
+, because they can be inserted in \SpecialChar LyX
+ directly to text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents in Text
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-in-Text"
+name "subsec:Accents-in-Text"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
With the following commands all letters can be accented.
- The commands must be inserted in TeX-mode.
+ The commands must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
u
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
b
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
ee
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
H
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
~e
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
v
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
d
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
c
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
sz
\series bold
'
\series default
- , and
+ and
\series bold
^
\series default
can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without
- using TeX-mode.
+ using \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The same applies for the tilde
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\backslash
v
\series default
-, and accents inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in
- mathematical text.
+ and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available
+ in mathematical text.
For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas,
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Accents-for-one"
+reference "subsec:Accents-for-one"
\end_inset
textcircled
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a
- circle, similar to the the copyright symbol.
+ circle, similar to the copyright symbol.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
+reference "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Minuscule Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+Old-style Figures
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Minuscule numbers
+Old-style Figures
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Minuscule numbers are created with the command
+Old-style figures (also known as old-style numerals) are created with the
+ command
\series bold
\backslash
oldstylenums
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
.
- The command can be used in formulas and in TeX-mode.
+ The command can be used in formulas and in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The command scheme is:
\end_layout
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Miscellaneous special Characters
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Special characters ! miscellaneous
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-_
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\_$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-circ
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-@°
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble
- contains the following line
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-More about this is described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-Characters-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-DeclareInputtext{176}{
-\backslash
-ifmmode^
-\backslash
-circ
-\backslash
-else
-\backslash
-textdegree
-\backslash
-fi}
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Formula Styles
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Itemize
There are two different alignment styles:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\series default
must be inserted in the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
mathindent
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-mm, the following command line is inserted in the LaTeX-preamble
+mm, the following command line is inserted in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
And two different numbering styles:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_deeper
\series default
must be inserted in the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing
-\series bold
-
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+ multiline formulas are created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
-
-\series default
inside a formula.
This creates either an
\series bold
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment"
\end_inset
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Standard-align-Environment"
\end_inset
.
+ The align environment is recommended because it provides in any case a
+ typographically correct output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the
menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
.
.
To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
, respectively, or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
can be used.
Line Separation
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Line-Separation"
+name "subsec:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX additional line space is specified as optional argument of the
- new line command.
- This is not yet possible in LyX
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ additional line space is specified as optional argument of the new line
+ command.
+ This is not yet possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in TeX-mode.
+, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
To add in our example space, the command
\series bold
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To set the the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
+To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
\series bold
\backslash
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
is changed.
The definition is:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\, pt+\backslash jot}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\,pt+\backslash jot}$
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
- This requires that the LaTeX-package
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula.
+ This requires that the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
calc
\series default
\series bold
calc
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- was loaded in LaTeX-preamble with the line
+ was loaded in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
Column Separation
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Column-Separation"
+name "subsec:Column-Separation"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation
- of 2
+inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation of
+ 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Long Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-When one side of the equation is much shorther than the line width, this
+When one side of the equation is much shorter than the line width, this
one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two
lines:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear
- as operator because it is the first character of the line.
+ as an operator because it is the first character of the line.
Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished
from the fraction bar.
To avoid this, 3
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-more about
+for more about
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lefteqn
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
is used.
- It is inserted to the first column of the first line and effects that all
- further insertions overwrite the following columns:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+ It is inserted in the first column of the first line and causes all further
+ insertions to overwrite the following columns:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
& & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
- & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Due to a bug in LyX the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first
+Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+ the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first
line.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multline-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Multline-Environment"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Multiline Fractions
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:Multiline-Fractions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fractions ! multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction
+ is so long that the fraction does not fit into one line.
+ It is then necessary to add a line break within the fraction.
+ This can be done using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To activate it, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\series default
+ has the scheme
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac{first line}{second line}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and is used as denominator and/or numerator:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+a=\frac{\splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy}{+wy+wy+wy+wy}}{z}\ne\frac{\splitdfrac{xy+\frac{xy}{z}+xy+xy+xy}{+xy+xy+xy+xy}}{z}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+The command for the first numerator above is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{+wy+wy+wy+wy
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Multiline Brackets
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
+name "subsec:Multiline-Brackets"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
right.
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
prod
\series default
^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
infty
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_R=1}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
The result is this:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Align environments can be used for every kind of multiline formulas.
- They are specially useful to set several formulas side by side.
+ They are especially useful to set several formulas side by side.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
Align environments are created via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
.
With the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change Formula Type
\family default
already existing formulas can be converted to Align environments.
\begin_layout Standard
To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
, respectively, or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
can be used.
Standard align Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+name "subsec:Standard-align-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This Align environment is created by presssing
+This Align environment is created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
in a formula or by the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
AMS align Environment
\family default
.
\begin_layout Standard
An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four
column align environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Alignat Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Space"
+reference "subsec:Space"
\end_inset
\end_inset
cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{alignat*}{2}
A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{alignat*}
\end_inset
Flalign Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+name "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible
to the left and the last two ones to the right.
An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign*}
A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\
-X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*}
+X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4
+\end{flalign*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an
- empty TeX-brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document
+ empty \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document
can be set to the left, although the formula style
\series bold
Centered
\end_inset
:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
Eqnarray Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+name "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
one left aligned.
The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because
it is designed to insert there only relation characters.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
AB & AB & AB\\
-A & = & A\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Gather Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
This environment consists of only one centered column.
Every line can be numbered.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{gather}
A=1\\
-X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather}
+X=\textrm{-}1
+\end{gather}
\end_inset
Multline Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multline-Environment"
+name "subsec:Multline-Environment"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
in the multline environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
\backslash
shoveright
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
\backslash
shoveleft
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
The commands are used as follows:
\end_layout
\backslash
multlinegap
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
Predefined is the length 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-was inserted in TeX-mode before:
+was inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
Multiline Formula Parts
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+name "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines, one of the following
- environments are used:
+ environments is used:
\series bold
aligned
\series default
.
They can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
or by using the commands described in this section.
formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside
them.
An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
-\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\]
+\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
+\end{aligned}
+\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
aligned
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is inserted.
A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
lines can be added.
\end_inset
in the aligned environment:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
- & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
+ & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}
+\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
alignedat
\series default
,
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
gathered
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
split
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Text in multiline Formulas
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+name "subsec:Text-in-multiline"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
intertext
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is used in the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The text should not be longer than a line because it cannot be hyphenated.
- As LyX doesn't yet support
+ As \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't yet support
\series bold
\backslash
must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above
this line.
An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align}
I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
-\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
+\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+ always creates some vertical space between the text and the formula lines.
+ To avoid this space, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+ Then you can use the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shortintertext
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+shortintertext
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align}
+I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
+\shortintertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Formula Numbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Numbered formulas can be created with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Numbered
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
).
Existing formulas can be numbered with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Toggle
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
).
- The formula number is displayed in LyX behind the formula as number sign
+ The formula number is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ behind the formula as a number sign
in parentheses.
The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number.
\end_layout
When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas, all lines will be numbered.
But the numbering can be controlled with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Toggle
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Line
\family default
- (shortcut
+ (shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "math-number-line-toggle"
\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
All labeled formulas can be cross-referenced.
A label is added by the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
The cursor must hereby be inside a displayed formula.
+ Alternatively you can right-click on the formula and choose
+\family sans
+Equation Label
+\family default
+.
A dialog pops up displaying the prefix
\series bold
eq:
section labels.
To change a label, the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Label
\family default
- is used again.
+ is used again or you right-click on a formula and then on
+\family sans
+Equation Label
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The name of the label is displayed in LyX within two parentheses behind
- formula.
+The name of the label is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ within two parentheses behind formula.
A formula with a label is always numbered.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Cross-references are inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cross-Reference
\family default
or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-By right-clicking on a cross-reference in LyX, one jumps to the formula
- that is referenced.
+By right-clicking on a cross-reference in \SpecialChar LyX
+, one jumps to the formula that
+ is referenced.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
\end_inset
contains a box like in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
+reference "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Subnumbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
end{subequations}
\series default
formulas can be subnumbered.
- Both commands are inserted in TeX-mode.
+ Both commands are inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
An example:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
addtocounter{equation}{-1}
\backslash
begin{subequations}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Newline linebreak
\end_inset
-c, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
+c, \SpecialChar ldots
For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered.
All subnumbered formulas are treated as
\emph on
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first
+By inserting the commands in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode, a space is created between the first
two formulas.
To revert this -5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
& = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\
- & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray}
+ & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
User-defined Numbering
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+name "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
With the standard numbering parentheses are set around the formula number.
To replace the parentheses for example by vertical bars, the following
- line is added to the LaTeX-preamble:
+ line is added to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This macro is already declared in the LaTeX-preamble for testing.
+This macro is already declared in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble for testing.
To activate it, remove the percent sign at the beginning.
\end_layout
tag
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
is used:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\backslash
tag
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
something
\series default
- was inserted to the formula.
+ was inserted in the formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
tag*
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
something
\series default
is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
\end_inset
@addtoreset{equation}{part}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use these commands in TeX-mode, the
+To be able to use these commands in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode, the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- for LaTeX using the command
+ for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ using the command
\series bold
\backslash
makeatother
\series default
reverts this.
- So the command sequence in TeX-mode is:
+ So the command sequence in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the LaTeX-preamble
+In the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
makeatother
\series default
- can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by LyX.
+ can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
remreset
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
carlisle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+ has to be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
@removefromreset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
numberwithin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or TeX-Code line is used:
+Thus in our case the following \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code line is used:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering
when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted
- as TeX-Code or to the LaTeX-preamble:
+ as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code or to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode.
+is inserted before the formula in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\series bold
renewcommand
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
\end_inset
\series default
is used as prefix for a counter, the value of the counter is output as
Arabic number.
- When a formula is numbered, LaTeX sets internally the command
+ When a formula is numbered, \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ sets internally the command
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
roman{equation}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Roman
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
-status open
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Commands ! A !
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+\color none
Note:
\series default
- Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
+ Only maximal 26
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}\label{eq:rom}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}\label{eq:lat}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}\label{eq:arab}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
A description about this can be found in the file
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-target "Formula-numbering.lyx"
+name "Formula-numbering.lyx"
+target "run:Formula-numbering.lyx"
\end_inset
Chemical Symbols and Equations
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+name "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
The chemical equation for this is:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+\mathrm{2\,Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
ce
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that is available when the LaTeX-package
+ that is available when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted
in an intuitive way.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
H2CO3
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{H2CO3}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
SO4^2-
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
(NH4)2S
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{(NH4)2S}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A-B
\backslash
dbond
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
\backslash
tbond
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
D
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^227
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+mu
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-CO2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-spce
+hyphen
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+Cl
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{\ensuremath{\mu\hyphen}Cl}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+ce
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-<=>
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+CO2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
++
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+C
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+<=>
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2CO
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
CO2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
->[
alpha][
\backslash
beta]
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2CO}
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+\color none
Note:
\series default
- Inserting a formula to a
+ It is not possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as described
+ in the
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-ce
+mhchem
\series default
- box will lead to LaTeX errors.
- In this case TeX code has to be used like for
+ manual.
+ One instead uses a negative thin space followed by the command
\series bold
\backslash
-ce{$
-\backslash
-mu
-\backslash
-hyphen$Cl}
+uparrow
\series default
:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-ce{$
-\backslash
-mu
-\backslash
-hyphen$Cl}
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{Fe + 2H+ -> Fe^{2+} + H2\negthinspace\uparrow}$
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
- is
+ is:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2Na+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
SO4^2-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+->
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+Na2SO4
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+To create multiline chemical equations first a multiline formula is created
+ as described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
+.
+ Afterwards the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+ce
+\series default
+ is used in every small blue box of the formula.
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-1"
\end_inset
-->
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ and
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+ are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation
+ has its own number.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\
+\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
-Na2SO4
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
cf
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two types of commutative diagrams:
\series bold
amscd
\series default
\begin_layout Subsection
Amscd Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
or arrows:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+F@<<<E@<<<D
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
@>>>
\series default
- a right arrow, and
+ a right arrow and
\series bold
@=
\series default
\series bold
@VVV
\series default
- an down arrow, and
+ a down arrow and
\series bold
@|
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Is text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
+If text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
above the arrow.
When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
the arrow.
or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
beside the arrow.
- If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
+ If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Xymatrix Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
+To be able to use xymatrices, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
xypic
\series default
\emph default
that you find in the menu
\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-XY-pic
+Manuals
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+ Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! Feynman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagrams, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+feyn
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagram is created by inserting the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Diagram
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Examples how to create
+\noun on
+Feynman-
+\noun default
+diagrams in \SpecialChar LyX
+ is given in the
+\emph on
+Feynman-diagram manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Specific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Manual
+Manuals
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
User-defined Commands
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
newcommand
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+name "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many LaTeX-commands are too long to be used frequently.
+Many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands are too long to be used frequently.
But it is possible to define with the command
\series bold
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
Note:
\series default
Assure that the name of the new command is not already used in your document
- or by LaTeX-packages that you use.
+ or by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages that you use.
When you for example define the command
\series bold
\backslash
Longrightarrow
\series default
-, the LaTeX-preamble line is:
+, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line is:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
+reference "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame"
\end_inset
\backslash
fcolorbox
\series default
- where the color for the box needn't to be specified, the argument for the
+ where the color for the box need not be specified, the argument for the
color is defined optional:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
A test of the new defined commands:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
\backslash
gr
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\us{ABcd}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cb{red}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Math Macros
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions.
- When you are for example dealing in a document with quadratic equations,
+ When you are for example dealing with a document that has quadratic equations,
the same solution type occurs several times.
The general form of a quadratic equation is
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
The general form of the solution is
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\begin_inset Formula $q$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
- can be given optionally, the LaTeX-preamble line is
+ can be given optionally, the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line is
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The definition of the new command is unintuitive because one has to know
- the schemes of all used LaTeX commands, e.
+ the schemes of all used \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands, e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-that a fraction is inserted in LaTeX as
+that a fraction is inserted in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
.
Furthermore one can easily forget a brace in the definition and cannot
- see in LyX what the new command is doing.
- To avoid these problems LyX offers the possibility to use math macros instead
+ see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ what the new command is doing.
+ To avoid these problems \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers the possibility to use math macros instead
of the command
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
A math macro is created by using the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro newmacroname_newcommand"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/macrobox.png
+ scale 75
\end_inset
#1
\series default
or by using the macro toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-param"
\end_inset
.
Argument placeholders are displayed red.
- Maximum 9 arguments are possible.
- Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- scale 85
+ A maximum of 9
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+arguments are possible.
+ Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-optional-param"
\end_inset
.
The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with
the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-optional"
\end_inset
.
- In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in LyX can be defined.
+ In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in \SpecialChar LyX
+ can be defined.
Normally you want to see it as it is defined, so the box is kept empty.
But when you have created a macro that needs lot of space on the screen,
you can insert in the box for example
\series default
For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will
- then be displayed in LyX, leading to a better overview.
+ then be displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+, leading to a better overview.
The formula appears in the output as defined in the first box.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
The appearance of macros in formulas can furthermore be changed for single
macros by setting the cursor in the macro and using the menu
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
(Un)fold
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
qG
\series default
.
- Our macro looks in LyX like this:
+ Our macro looks in \SpecialChar LyX
+ like this:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/macrouse.png
+ scale 75
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\begin_inset Formula $B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers in the menu
+\family sans
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Control
+\family default
+ different styles to edit macros.
+ To find the style that suits you the most, choose a style and set the cursor
+ in a macro formula to see the difference.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
A math macro is transformed internally to a
\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
\series default
- command is not placed in the LaTeX-preamble, therefore macros can only
- be used in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition
- box.
+ command is not placed in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble, therefore macros can only be used
+ in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Math macros can also be directly be created from a
+Math macros can also be directly created from a
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
-in LyX as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut
+in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut
\family sans
Ctrl+M
newcommand
\series default
command is typed correctly, otherwise you get a faulty macro leading to
- LaTeX errors.
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Math macros currently yet have the problem that further formulas in macro
- definitions are handled wrongly.
+Math macros currently have the problem that further formulas in macro definition
+s are handled wrongly.
Therefore the example
\series bold
from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar
- in LyX:
+ in \SpecialChar LyX
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Last Argument
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Argument
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-optional"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Make First Non-Optional into
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Transform First Non-Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-nonoptional"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Make Last Optional into
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Transform Last Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-optional-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Optional Argument
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-optional-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Insert Optional Argument
\end_layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-greedy-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Last Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-append-greedy-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Optional Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Tips
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Computer Algebra Systems
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s math
+ editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
+ Currently supported applications are
+\family sans
+Maple
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Mathematica
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Maxima
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Octave
+\family default
+.
+ Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only
+ to very simple cases.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring{
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Usage
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Write some expression in a formula, go to the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Use Computer Algebra System
+\family default
+ menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer.
+ After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the
+ expression together with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ operator.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Other useful math tips can be found in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Voss"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are few simple examples (with results from
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+) to show what kind of computations can be performed:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}{}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-More about
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 6 & 7\\
+2 & 5 & 8\\
+3 & 4 & 17
+\end{array}\right]=-56$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tips
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard shortcut
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications.
+ One can easily bind a shortcut to the
+\family sans
+math-extern
+\family default
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function (see the
+\family sans
+\emph on
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ Functions
+\family default
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ One could e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ions|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+bind the
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ key inside the math editor.
+ To bind it to
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+ one would use this shortcut definition command:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-{
+\series bold
+command-alternatives paragraph-break;math-extern maxima
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-Chemical characters
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_layout Section
+Miscellaneous
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+Miscellaneous
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Negative Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
An example to visualize the problem:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Comma as decimal Separator
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX a comma inside a formula is used, according to the English convention,
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ a comma inside a formula is used, according to the English convention,
as number group separator.
So there will be space added behind all commas in formulas.
\end_layout
\series bold
icomma
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Physical Vectors
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Physical-Vectors"
+name "subsec:Physical-Vectors"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Predefined vectors are offered by the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-braket
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+Predefined vectors are offered by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
- should be part of every LaTeX standard installation.
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
The following commands are defined:
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Braket
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
, that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
Self-defined Fractions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
+name "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
genfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Commands ! G !
\backslash
genfrac
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
genfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
3.
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fractions"
+reference "subsec:Fractions"
\end_inset
\end_inset
To define a fraction where the fraction bar thickness can be given as optional
- argument, the following line is inserted to the LaTeX-preamble:
+ argument, the following line is inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
A test:
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align*}
\text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\
-\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
+\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
+There are four ways to cancel formulas or parts of formulas:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+
+\backslash
+ifcancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! cancel
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Separator parbreak
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four ways to cancel formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The space and
-\series bold
-
+
\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- are used here as spacer.
+cancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+A=B
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\cancel{\int A=B}$
+\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bcancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\cancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bcancel{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bcancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+xcancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xcancel{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-xcancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cancelto
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\xcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\hspace{3mm}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-cancelto{1
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+cancelto
+\series default
+ is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
+
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To change the size of
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-{
+cancelto
+\series default
+'s
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+subscript
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ value one can add the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-int
+PassOptionsToPackage{option}{cancel}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where
+\series bold
+option
+\series default
+ is either
+\series bold
+samesize
+\series default
+ which leads to the same size as for the canceled value, or
+\series bold
+Smaller
+\series default
+ which makes is it a bit smaller than normal.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To color the cancellation bar one adds this command as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+CancelColor}{
+\backslash
+color{red}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+red
+\series default
+ can be replaced by a color of your choice.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+CancelColor}{
+\backslash
+color{red}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A=B
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
+
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}\hspace{3mm}$
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+CancelColor}{
+\backslash
+color{black}}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+reset the color
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For further customizations, see the documentation of the package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+,
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "cancel"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! cancel
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-cancelto
+else
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+cancel
\series default
- is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+ is not installed:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fi
+\end_layout
\end_inset
Formulas in Section Headings
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+name "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Both problems can be solved by inserting at the end of the section heading
a short title with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Short
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\series bold
hyperref
\series default
- is used, one can use the following command in TeX-mode:
+ is used, one can use the following command in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
texorpdfstring{part}{alternative}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset OptArg
+\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Bold-Formulas"
+reference "subsec:Bold-Formulas"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in multi-column Text
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
Formulas in multi-column text are often too wide to fit into a column and
thus need to be set over the whole page width.
- This is done by using the LaTeX-package
+ This is done by using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
multicol
\series default
\series bold
multicol
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-, that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+, that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Note herby that the setting
+Note that in this case the setting
\family sans
Two-column
\begin_inset space ~
\family default
in the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is written in TeX-mode.
+is written in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The column number is a number in the range of 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-in TeX-mode.
+in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang ngerman
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
Das Spektrum wird fouriertransformiert.
- the Fouriertransformation wird verwendet, um the überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk
+ Die Fouriertransformation wird verwendet, um die überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk
, Lösungsmittel) zu trennen.
- Nachdem wir the Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten, interessiert uns
+ Nachdem wir die Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten, interessiert uns
nun das Aussehen des Ausgangssignals.
- Im Experiment haben wir es with sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun, so that man
+ Im Experiment haben wir es mit sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun, so dass man
über alle Phasen integrieren muss.
Sei nun
\begin_inset Formula $S$
\end_inset
- unser normiertes Ausgangssignal and
+ unser normiertes Ausgangssignal und
\begin_inset Formula $P$
\end_inset
- the Phasenverteilungsfunktion, so ergibt sich the Beziehung
+ die Phasenverteilungsfunktion, so ergibt sich die Beziehung
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $S_{0}$
\end_inset
- das Signal ohne Gradient ist and the Normierungsbedingung
+ das Signal ohne Gradient ist und die Normierungsbedingung
\begin_inset Formula $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\,\mathrm{d}\phi=1$
\end_inset
gilt.
- Nun dürfen wir aber nicht the Relaxationsprozess außer Acht lassen.
- Direkt nach the
+ Nun dürfen wir aber nicht den Relaxationsprozess außer Acht lassen.
+ Direkt nach dem
\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{\pi}{2}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
--rf-Puls beginnt sich the Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
+-rf-Puls beginnt sich die Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
das Signal zusätzlich abschwächt.
- Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit the so genannten
+ Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit der so genannten
\begin_inset Formula $T_{2}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+
+\lang ngerman
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas with Description of Variables
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
font sizes see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
is used, the method described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation,
- the third the matrix, and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
-\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
+ consists of five columns where in the first two columns contain the equation,
+ the third the matrix and the last one an empty \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{flalign}
\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
-g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
Upright small Greek Letters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
+name "subsec:Upright-small-Greek"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
- is installed.
+ is installed:
\end_layout
\end_inset
- They are created when the command for a small Greek letters is started
- with
+ They are created when the command for a small Greek letter is started with
+
\series bold
up
\series default
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
-\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
\begin_layout Subsection
Text Characters in Formulas
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-Characters-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
all the time, because this character is defined in all encodings as text
character.
- But the encoding can be changed by this LaTeX-preamble line:
+ But the encoding can be changed by this \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
textperiodcentered
\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
i}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The character encoding (menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Language
\family default
) specifies what character appears when a keyboard key is pressed.
textperiodcentered
\series default
is used.
- But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get LaTeX-erro
-rs.
+ But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors.
With the changed encoding the right command is chosen automatically, depending
on if the character was inserted into a formula or not.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The encoding of several characters is saved in definition files.
- Fore example the encoding
+ For example the encoding
\series bold
latin9
\series default
\series bold
latin9.def
\series default
- that is in the installation folder of LaTeX.
- Encodings should only be changed via the LaTeX-preamble and not in the
- definition files.
- Otherwise own documents could not be edited by other LyX users working
- on other computers.
+ which is in the installation folder of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ Encodings should only be changed via the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble and not in the definition
+ files.
+ Otherwise documents could not be edited by other \SpecialChar LyX
+ users working on other
+ computers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
Besides the centered dot, in this document the degree sign ° is defined
- with the following LaTeX-preamble line so that it can directly be inserted
- to a formula:
+ with the following \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line so that it can be directly inserted into
+ a formula:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
textdegree
\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
i}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments in formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ source
+ code of your file with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Comment
+\family default
+.
+ This is not possible in a formula but you can insert \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments with the
+ command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This creates a box in which you can write your comment.
+ Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #9002"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you cannot write normal text inside the comment, even when you use mathematical
+ text, you will see its \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This a formula with a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=B%\text{This is the comment}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
\start_of_appendix
Typographic Advice
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
that lists some of the ISO rules.
+ More rules are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Checklist"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
done with font styles, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-: 30
+, no matter if they appear in italic text: 30
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Between the value and the unit is the smallest space, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
\backslash
unittwo
\series default
- is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+ is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command but the command
\series bold
\backslash
unit[value]{unit}
\series default
-, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
+, therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-1,2
+1.2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
is used.
- It is available via the menu
+ It is available either via the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+times
+\series default
+ or via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
\family default
.
- With some keyboard definitions it can also be inserted directly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
confusions, see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Functions"
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Functions"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e', and
+The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e' and
the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright, to avoid mixing them up with
other variables.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+The character that denotes a
+\noun on
+Fourier
+\noun default
+ transformation is inserted either by the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+F
+\series default
+ or via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Letterlike
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Symbols
+\family default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{F}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Synonyms
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
equivalent to
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{-1.2mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
*
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
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Auflage, Duden 2001
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