-#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 474
+#LyX 2.4 created this file. For more info see https://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 620
\begin_document
\begin_header
+\save_transient_properties true
+\origin /systemlyxdir/doc/
\textclass scrartcl
\begin_preamble
% DO NOT ALTER THIS PREAMBLE!!!
% the documentation team
% email: lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org
-% if pdflatex is used
-\usepackage{ifpdf}
-\ifpdf
-
-% set fonts for nicer pdf view
-\IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}
- {\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
-
-\fi % end if pdflatex is used
-
% solves the following problem:
% If the dection number consits of too many numerals the section heading
% will be printed in the TOC without a space between it and the section number.
% increase link area for cross-references and autoname them,
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{\usepackage[english]{babel}}{}
-\addto\extrasenglish{%
- \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}%
- \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
- \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
- \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
-}
+\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{
+ \addto\extrasenglish{%
+ \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}%
+ \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ }
+}{}
% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}}
+% add 0.5 mm vertical space for table rows
+\@ifundefined{extrarowheight} {\usepackage{array}}{}
+\setlength{\extrarowheight}{0.5mm}
+
% insert additional vertical space of 1.5 mm between footnotes,
\let\myFoot\footnote
\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\myFoot{#1\vspace{1.5mm}}}
-% provides caption formatting
+% makes caption labels bold
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
% enables calculation of values
\newcommand{\fracS}[3][]{\genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}}
% example macro from sec. 19.4
+%\AtBeginDocument{
%\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{|#1|}}
-
+%}
% ------------------------------------
% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
\end_preamble
\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading
\use_default_options false
-\maintain_unincluded_children false
+\begin_modules
+subequations
+logicalmkup
+\end_modules
+\maintain_unincluded_children no
\language english
\language_package default
-\inputencoding auto
-\fontencoding global
-\font_roman default
-\font_sans default
-\font_typewriter default
-\font_math auto
+\inputencoding utf8
+\fontencoding auto
+\font_roman "lmodern" "default"
+\font_sans "lmss" "default"
+\font_typewriter "lmtt" "default"
+\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
-\font_osf false
-\font_sf_scale 100
-\font_tt_scale 100
+\font_roman_osf false
+\font_sans_osf false
+\font_typewriter_osf false
+\font_sf_scale 100 100
+\font_tt_scale 100 100
+\use_microtype false
+\use_dash_ligatures false
\graphics default
-\default_output_format default
+\default_output_format pdf2
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command default
-\index_command default
+\index_command makeindex
+\float_placement class
+\float_alignment class
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_backref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
-\papersize a4paper
+\papersize a4
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 2
\use_package amssymb 2
-\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
\use_package mathtools 2
\use_package mhchem 1
-\use_package stackrel 0
-\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package stackrel 1
+\use_package stmaryrd 1
\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\suppress_date false
\justification true
\use_refstyle 0
+\use_formatted_ref 0
+\use_minted 0
+\use_lineno 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\index Index
\shortcut idx
\secnumdepth 4
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation skip
-\defskip medskip
-\quotes_language english
+\defskip halfline
+\is_math_indent 0
+\math_numbering_side default
+\quotes_style english
+\dynamic_quotes 0
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 2
\paperpagestyle plain
+\tablestyle default
\bullet 1 0 6 -1
\bullet 2 2 35 -1
\bullet 3 2 7 -1
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
+\change_bars false
+\postpone_fragile_content false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict false
+\docbook_table_output 0
+\docbook_mathml_prefix 1
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
-LyX's detailed Math manual
+\SpecialChar LyX
+'s Detailed Math Manual
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
-by the LyX Team
+by the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Team
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\noindent
-If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LyX Documenta
-tion mailing list:
+If you have comments or error corrections,
+ please send them to the \SpecialChar LyX
+ Documentation mailing list:
+
\family typewriter
\begin_inset CommandInset href
name "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org"
target "lyx-docs@lists.lyx.org?subject=LyX's Math manual"
type "mailto:"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-author: Uwe Stöhr
+author:
+ Uwe Stöhr
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
-Version 2.1.x
+Version 2.4.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages
+To export this document to PDF,
+ PS or DVI the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages
\series bold
-braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mathtools, mhchem, undertilde
+braket,
+ cancel,
+ eurosym,
+ mathdots,
+ mathtools,
+ mhchem,
+ undertilde
\series default
and
\series bold
was
\series default
should be installed.
- If they are not installed the document can be exported anyway but the sections
- where the packages are required will not appear in the output.
+ If they are not installed the document can be exported anyway but the sections where the packages are required will not appear in the output.
An exception is
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
-; if it is not installed, this file cannot be exported.
+;
+ if it is not installed,
+ this file cannot be exported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/DocumentationDevelopment#Math
+https://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/Manuals#Math
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This document explains LyX's math features and is furthermore a collection
- of LaTeX-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs.
- The explanations are designed for the usage of commands.
- It is therefore required that you have read the section
+This document details \SpecialChar LyX
+'s math features and the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands used for mathematical characters and constructs.
+ It is oriented toward the use of commands.
+ The user should read the
\family typewriter
Mathematical
\begin_inset space ~
Formulas
\family default
- of the User's Guide.
+ section of the User's Guide before proceeding.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Most of the characters and many constructs explained in this manual are
- also accessible via the menu
+Most of the characters and many constructs explained in this manual are also accessible via the menu
\family sans
Insert
\series bold
-\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+\SpecialChar menuseparator
\series default
Math
toolbar
\family default
.
- But everybody who has to write lots of formulas will notice that it is
- much faster to use commands instead of the math toolbar.
- Therefore this manual is focused on commands but also mentions the correspondin
-g toolbar buttons when available.
+ But everybody who has to write lots of formulas will notice that it is much faster to use commands instead of the math toolbar.
+ Therefore this manual is focused on commands but also mentions the corresponding toolbar buttons when available.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If not specially mentioned the commands are only available within formulas.
- To be able to use all commands explained in this document, the option
+Unless specially mentioned,
+ math commands are only available within formulas.
+ To be able to use all of the commands explained in this document,
+ the option
\family sans
Use AMS math package
\family default
must be checked in the document settings (menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
--math when math constructs are found that are supported by LyX.
+-math when math constructs are found that are supported by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-math commands
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-A list with all
+A list containing all
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
-name "amsguide.ps"
-target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amstex/amsguide.pdf"
+name "amsguide.pdf"
+target "https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex/doc/amsguide.pdf"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\family default
-, which is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+,
+ which is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To create an inline formula
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! inline
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+inline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is embedded into a text line, use one of the shortcuts
+ that is embedded in a text line,
+ use one of the shortcuts
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "math-mode"
To create a display style formula
\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+range none
+pageformat default
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! display style
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+display style
\end_layout
\end_inset
- which will appear bigger, has a different format, and will be in a separate
- paragraph, use one of these shortcuts:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which will appear bigger,
+ has a different format,
+ and will be in a separate paragraph,
+ use one of these shortcuts:
+
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
arg "math-display"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To change a display style formula to an inline formula, set the cursor into
- the formula and use one of the shortcuts
+To change a display style formula to an inline formula,
+ place the cursor inside the formula and use the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
-arg "math-mode"
+arg "math-mutate simple"
\end_inset
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change formula type
\family default
.
- The same way is used to change an inline formula to a display style formula.
+ Similarly you can use the shortcut
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "math-mutate equation"
+\end_inset
+
+ to change from an inline to a display style formula.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
displaystyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
- to a formula.
- Then a new blue box appears in which the desired formula part is inserted.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Only inline formulas are allowed inside tables.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The
-\family sans
-math toolbar
-\family default
- can be turned on in the menu
-\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toolbars
-\family default
-.
- When you click there on
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+ in a formula.
+ A new blue box will appear in which the desired formula part is inserted.
+\end_layout
- the toolbar will be shown permanently at the bottom; this state is visualized
- in the
-\family sans
-Toolbars
-\family default
- menu with a checkmark.
- When you click in this state again on
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Only inline formulas are allowed inside tables.
+\end_layout
-Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
- in the
\family sans
-Toolbars
+Math toolbar
\family default
- menu, the
+ visibility is controlled in the menu
\family sans
-math toolbar
-\family default
- is only shown when the cursor is within a formula; this state is visualized
- by the renaming of the menu entry from
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Toolbars\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
+\family default
+.
+ Three options will be presented,
+ On,
+ Off,
+ and Automatic.
+ Selecting On will cause the toolbar to be shown permanently at the bottom of the screen.
+ Selecting Off will disable the toolbar.
+ Selecting Automatic will cause the toolbar to automatically appear when the cursor is located within a formula.
+ The active state of the toolbar is indicated by a checkmark next to the current menu selection.
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
- to
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The menu functionality appears to have changed,
+ I rewrote the paragraph for the current functionality
+\end_layout
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-(auto)
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The TeX-mode
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ mode
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@TeX-mode
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
or by using the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Te
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-X Code
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+TeX Code
\family default
(shortcut
\begin_inset Info
\end_inset
).
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In LyX there are three
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-proper names
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
-\end_inset
-
- that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX
- and LyX
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair
- is inserted.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To change the LaTeX-preamble
+To change the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-L@LaTeX-preamble
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, use the menu
-\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-LaT
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{}
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\end_layout
\end_inset
-eX
+,
+ use the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+LaTeX
\family default
\family sans
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To edit matrices, case differentiations and multiline formulas subsequently,
+To edit matrices,
+ case differentiations and multiline formulas,
use the menus
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
and
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
Columns,
+
\family default
or the
\family sans
table toolbar
\family default
.
- When lines and columns are swapped via the menu, the column or line where
- the cursor is in is exchanged with the column to the right or the line
- below, respectively.
- Is the cursor in the last column or row, the exchange is done with the
- column to the left or the line above.
+ When lines and columns are swapped via the menu,
+ the column or line where the cursor is in is exchanged with the column to the right or the line below,
+ respectively.
+ If the cursor is in the last column or row,
+ the exchange is done with the column to the left or the line above.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
intertext
\series default
- is used, see
+ is used,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+reference "subsec:Text-in-multiline"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\emph default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text ! in formulas
+Text
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
text
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- The text appears black in LyX and can therefore be distinguished from the
- other formula parts which appear blue.
- In the output mathematical text is set upright, in contrary to other formula
- parts.
+ The text appears black in \SpecialChar LyX
+ and can therefore be distinguished from the other formula parts which appear blue.
+ In the output,
+ mathematical text is set upright contrary to other formula parts.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection*
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Most of the LaTeX-commands for math constructs have the following scheme:
+Most \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands for math constructs have the following syntax:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
.
- To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets.
- The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as
- TeX-braces
+ To omit the
+\series bold
+optional
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+argument
+\series default
+s,
+ also omit the associated brackets.
+ The braces around the
+\series bold
+required
+\series default
+
+\series bold
+arguments
+\series default
+ are referred to in this document as \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@TeX-braces
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+\SpecialChar TeX
+-braces
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- If you add in a formula a left brace to a command name, LyX automatically
- creates a TeX-brace.
- In all other cases TeX-braces are created in formulas with the command
-
+ If you append a left brace to a command name inside a formula,
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ automatically creates a right \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
+ In all other cases standalone \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces are created in formulas with the command
\series bold
\backslash
{
\series default
.
- TeX-braces appear red in LyX, in contrary to normal braces which appear
- blue.
- In TeX-mode no command is needed to get TeX-braces.
- TeX-braces don't appear in the output.
+ Normal braces are created by typing
+\series bold
+{
+\series default
+.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces appear red in \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+ normal braces appear blue.
+ In \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode a command is not needed to get \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces.
+ \SpecialChar TeX
+ braces don't appear in the output while normal braces do.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When commands without arguments, like commands for symbols are entered in
- TeX-mode, a space character must
+When commands without arguments,
+ like commands for symbols,
+ are entered in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode,
+ a space character must
\emph on
always
\emph default
be behind the command to end it.
This space doesn't appear in the output.
- When the space should appear in the output, the space must be followed
- by a protected space in normal text.
+ When the space should appear in the output,
+ the space must be followed by a non-breaking space in normal text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A protected space is inserted with
+A non-breaking space is inserted with
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
-arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
+arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
\end_inset
+or with the menu selection
+\family sans
+ Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Non-Breaking Normal Space
+\family default
+ or
+\family sans
+Ctrl+Space
+\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-Syntax Explanation
+Explanation of Syntax Used in this Manual
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
- denotes a space character to be input.
+ denotes a space character to be input by the user.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
\end_inset
-, and
+,
+ and
\family sans
Shift+Tab
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection*
-Available units
+Available Units
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Float table
placement H
+alignment document
wide false
sideways false
status open
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-in = 2,54
+in = 2.54
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Subsection
Exponents
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
and Indices
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Superscripts|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Superscripts
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
Exponents
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Subscripts|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Subscripts
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
Indices
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
arg "math-subscript"
\end_inset
-, exponents with a caret
+,
+ exponents with a caret
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-command
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{V}$
+\begin_inset Formula $B^{V}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $B^{A}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As the caret is in some languages an accent, vowels will be accentuated
- in this case and not set as exponents
+As the caret is in some languages an accent,
+ vowels will be accentuated in this case and not set as exponents
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Depending on the used keyboard settings this can also happen for characters
- other than vowels.
+Depending on the keyboard settings used this can also happen for characters other than vowels.
\end_layout
\end_inset
.
- To get exponents in this case, press
+ To get exponents in this case,
+ press
\family sans
Space
\family default
Fractions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Fractions"
+name "subsec:Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! F !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
frac
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
\end_inset
.
- The font size is adjusted automatically, depending on whether the fraction
- is in an inline or display style formula.
+ The font size is adjusted automatically,
+ depending on whether the fraction is in an inline or display style formula.
With the math toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
dfrac
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
a fraction can be created that always has the size of a display style formula.
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
tfrac
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}$
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
cfrac
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
can be used.
\backslash
cfrac
\series default
- sets the fraction always in the size of a displayed formula, also when
- it is part of another fraction.
+ always sets the fraction size to that of a displayed formula,
+ even when it is part of another fraction.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
cfracleft
\series default
- is used to left align it, the command
+ is used to left align it,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
\series bold
\backslash
cfracright
\series default
- are no real LaTeX commands but represent the command
+ are not real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands but represent the command
\series bold
\backslash
cfrac[alignment]{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
.
- Therefore you cannot use them in TeX code.
+ Therefore you cannot use them in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For inline fractions with a sloped fraction stroke you can use the command
-
+For inline fractions with a sloped fraction stroke you can use the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! N !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+N
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
nicefrac
\end_layout
\end_inset
-:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{5}{31}$
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
unitfrac
\end_layout
\end_inset
-:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac{5}{31}$
\end_inset
- There is furthermore the command
+ There is also the command
\series bold
\backslash
unitfracthree
\series default
- that offers to write a fraction in combination with a number:
+ which allows you to write a fraction in combination with a number:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac[2]{1}{3}$
\end_inset
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
\series bold
\backslash
unitfracthree
\series default
- is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+ is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command but the command
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
unitfrac[number]{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
.
- Therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
+ Therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to define own fractions where the fraction stroke can be changed, is
- explained in
+How to define your own fractions where the fraction stroke can be changed is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
Multiline fractions are explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Fractions"
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Fractions"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Roots
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
sqrt
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or the math toolbar button
arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
-, all other roots with the command
+,
+ all other roots with the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
root
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or with the math toolbar button
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt{A-B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With certain indices the distance to the root is too small, like in this
- formula:
+With certain indices the distance to the root is too small,
+ like in this formula:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[\beta]{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
touches the root.
- To avoid this, the commands
+ To avoid this,
+ the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
leftroot
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
uproot
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
are used with the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Distance is the number of Big Points (unit bp;
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\, bp=1\, inch}$
+Distance is the number of Big Points (unit bp;
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{72\,bp=1\,inch}$
\end_inset
-), that the index should be moved to the left or top, resp..
+),
+ that the index should be moved to the left or up,
+ resp..
The commands are written to the index.
This way the command
\begin_inset Newline newline
\series default
-produces a correct typeset formula:
+produces a correct typeset formula:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[\leftroot{-1}\uproot{2}\beta]{B}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Binomial Coefficients
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
binom
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or with the submenu of the math toolbar button
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
dbinom
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
tbinom
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- For other brackets around binomial coeficients there are the commands
+ For other brackets around binomial coefficients there are the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
brace
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
brack
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\binom{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dbinom{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\tbinom{A}{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brack B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${A \brack B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brace B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${A \brace B}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Case Differentiations
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Case differentiations
+Case differentiations
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
B>0
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
cases
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
or the table toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
+arg "tabular-feature append-row"
\end_inset
.
\series default
is also available via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cases-Environment
\family default
.
\begin_layout Subsection
Negations
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! N !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+N
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
not
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
every character can be displayed canceled.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Therefore there are special commands for some negations (see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
+reference "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Relations"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
Placeholders
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Placeholders"
+name "subsec:Placeholders"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Chemical characters ! Isotopes
+Chemical characters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Isotopes
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Isotopes|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Chemical characters
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Isotopes
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Chemical characters
\end_layout
\end_inset
Typesetting isotopes and chemical symbols is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+reference "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-correct indices:
+Correct indices:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+The shorter index is placed by default below or above the first character of the longer index.
+ This is corrected using the command
\series bold
\backslash
-raisebox
+phantom
\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-The shorter index is by default placed below or above the first character
- of the longer index.
- To avoid this there is the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-phantom
-\series default
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! P !
+
\backslash
phantom
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or the math toolbar button
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button
+Found in the submenu of the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\space"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/phantom.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math/phantom"
\end_inset
- that creates one or more phantom characters.
- When inserting
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-phantom
-\series default
- a small blue box appears that is superposed with two red arrows.
- The arrows indicate that the complete width and height of the box content
- will be created as placeholder.
- Phantom characters are accordingly placeholders with the size of the characters.
+ to create one or more phantom characters.
+ When inserting phantom characters a small blue box appears that is superposed with two red arrows.
+ The arrows indicate the width and height of the box to be created as a placeholder.
+ Phantom characters are placeholders with the same character size.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
F
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
F
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Lambda^
+Lambda
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
+^
\backslash
phantom
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}$
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! V !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+V
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
vphantom
\end_layout
\end_inset
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/vphantom.png
- scale 85
+\end_inset
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math/vphantom"
\end_inset
) and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hphantom
\end_layout
\end_inset
- (toolbar button
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hphantom.png
- scale 85
+\end_inset
+ (toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math/hphantom"
\end_inset
).
\backslash
hphantom
\series default
- creates only space for the maximal height of the characters in the box
- but not for its width.
+ creates only space for the maximal height of the characters in the box but not for its width.
\series bold
\backslash
int
\series default
- creates an integral sign, see
+ creates an integral sign,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Big-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Big-Operators"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
An example application is in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Brackets"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Placeholders can also be used for text when they are inserted via the menu
-
+Placeholders can also be used for text when they are inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Phantom
\family default
:
\begin_layout Subsection
Lines
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! underlined
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+underlined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A+B
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
overline
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A+B
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
underline
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\underline{A+B}}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the last example it doesn't matter if first
+In the last example it doesn't matter if
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
underline
\series default
- is inserted.
+ is inserted first.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
underline
\series default
- twice.
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-It is possible to place up to 6 lines above or below characters.
+ twice (or as many times you want).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
rule
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
which has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The optional vertical offset shifts the line upwards (or downwards, when
- the value is negative).
+The optional vertical offset shifts the line upwards (or downwards,
+ when the value is negative).
The units listed in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "tab:Available-units"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Horizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Ellipses
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Ellipses"
+name "subsec:Ellipses"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- For listings dots at the baseline are used (
+ For listings,
+ dots at the baseline are used (
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
ldots
\end_layout
\end_inset
-), while for operations dots are needed that are on the same height as the
- operators (
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+),
+ while for operations,
+ dots are needed that are on the same height as the operators (
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
cdots
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
).
When using the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
dots
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, LaTeX decides on the basis of the next character what type is used.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ decides on the basis of the next character what type is used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
The ellipses available in menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\backslash
iddots
\series default
-, one of the options
+,
+ the option
\family sans
Use mathdots package (automatically)
\family default
\family sans
Use mathdots package
\family default
- will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font
- style or size is not the default.
+ will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font style or size is not the default.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hdotsfor
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, that has the following scheme:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and have the following scheme (
+\family sans
+mathtools
+\family default
+ must be loaded
+\family sans
+always
+\family default
+ under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for this to work):
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
hdotsfor[2]{4}
\series default
- was inserted in the first box of the second line, to get an ellipsis with
- a dot distance twice as long as with the command
+ was inserted in the first box of the second line to get an ellipsis with a dot distance twice as long as with the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_inset
-Note that the matrix fields that should be spanned must be empty, otherwise
- you get LaTeX-errors.
+Note that the matrix fields that should be spanned must be empty,
+ otherwise you get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+range none
+pageformat default
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
dotfill
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
the rest of a line with dots.
\backslash
hfill
\series default
-, see
+,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hrulefill
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the commands for text, they have to be inserted in TeX-mode.
+To use the commands for text,
+ they have to be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
or the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Matrix
\family default
.
- In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the
- alignment and the decoration.
+ In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows,
+ the alignment and the decoration.
The vertical alignment is only of importance for matrices in inline formulas:
\end_layout
\end{array}$
\end_inset
-, the second middle
+,
+ the second middle
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
\emph on
l
\emph default
- denotes left aligned,
+ denotes left aligned,
+
\emph on
c
\emph default
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are
- centered and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
- alignment
+matrix where the first column is left aligned,
+ the second and third are centered and the last one is right aligned,
+ one enters for the horizontal alignment
\series bold
lccr
\series default
.
- Normally in a matrix all columns are centered, therefore the default for
- every column is a
+ Normally in a matrix all columns are centered,
+ therefore the default for every column is a
\series bold
c
\series default
\series bold
lll
\series default
- :
+ :
+
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
\end{array}$
\end_inset
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
ccc
\series default
- :
+ :
+
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
\end{array}$
\end_inset
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
rrr
\series default
- :
+ :
+
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons
-
+To subsequently add or delete rows and columns,
+ the math toolbar buttons
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
+arg "tabular-feature append-row"
\end_inset
-,
+,
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
+arg "tabular-feature delete-row"
\end_inset
-, etc.
+,
+ etc.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-, or the menu
+,
+ or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
can be used.
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-The
+
\family sans
-Decoration
+Appearance
\family default
- adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix.
- Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands
-
+ can be used to add parentheses in the selected style around the matrix or to select the
+\family sans
+small
+\family default
+ style,
+ suitable for an inline matrix like this one
+\begin_inset Formula $\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix}0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{smallmatrix}\bigr)$
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Here the parentheses have been added manually using commands
\series bold
\backslash
-left
+bigl(
\series default
+ and
+\series bold
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
\backslash
-left
+bigr).
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
- and
+\begin_layout Standard
+Alternatively,
+ parentheses can be created with the commands
\series bold
\backslash
-right
+left
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
-\backslash
-right
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- (shortcut
-\family sans
-Alt+M
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Parenthesis
-\family default
-), see
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
-
-\end_inset
-
-, or by using the following commands:
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
+L
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+left
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ and
+\series bold
\backslash
-bmatrix
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\series bold
-×
+right
\series default
-2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-matrix
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
-0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-Bmatrix
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-2
-\series bold
-×
-\series default
-2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-matrix
+\backslash
+right
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
-0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
-\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\backslash
-pmatrix
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-2
-\series bold
-×
-\series default
-2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ (shortcut
+\family sans
+Alt+M
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-matrix
-\end_layout
+Parenthesis
+\family default
+),
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
-0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+,
+ or by using the following commands:
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-vmatrix
+bmatrix
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\end{array}\end{bmatrix}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-Vmatrix
+Bmatrix
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-matrix
+pmatrix
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
\mathrm{i} & 0
-\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\end{array}\end{pmatrix}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+vmatrix
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+2
+\series bold
+×
+\series default
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+matrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{vmatrix}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+Vmatrix
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+2
+\series bold
+×
+\series default
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+matrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+matrix
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+2
+\series bold
+×
+\series default
+2
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+matrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{matrix}$
\end_inset
\backslash
vmatrix
\series default
- is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix
- is inserted.
+ is inserted,
+ a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix is inserted.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-As all multiline formulas are matrices, the length
+As all multiline formulas are matrices,
+ the length
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
arraycolsep
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Column-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Column-Separation"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To change the row separation, the command
+To change the row separation,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
arraystretch
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is used.
- It is used as follows:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is used as follows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
arraystretch}{stretch factor}
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
renewcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arraystretch
\series default
.
- To double e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-the row separation, use the factor 2.
+ For example to double the row separation,
+ use a stretch factor of 2.
This is then used for all following matrices.
- To go back to the original separation, assign the factor 1 to
+ To restore the original separation,
+ assign a stretch factor of 1 to
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To set matrices into a text line, the command
+Small inline matrices can also be obtained using the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
smallmatrix
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is used.
- When it is inserted a blue box with two dashed lines appears.
- In this box the matrix is inserted.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ When it is inserted in a line a blue box with two dashed lines appears.
+ Adjust the matrix rows and columns as desired.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
- in a text line.
+ in a text line with automatic delimiters around it.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Brackets and Delimiters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical Brackets and Delimiters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Brackets ! vertical
+Brackets
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vertical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
- In TeX-mode the command
+ In \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
textbackslash
\end_layout
\end_inset
- must be used for the backslash, because the command
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ must be used for the backslash,
+ because the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For all characters listed above the size can be adjusted with the commands
- described in the following two subsections.
- When using these commands, the characters < and > can directly be used
- instead of the commands
+For all characters listed above the size can be adjusted with the commands described in the following two subsections.
+ When using these commands,
+ the characters < and > can directly be used instead of the commands
\series bold
\backslash
Manual Bracket Size
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
+name "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bracket size ! manual
+Bracket size
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+manual
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The bracket size can be specified manually by the LaTeX-commands
+The bracket size can be specified manually by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
big
\end_layout
\end_inset
-,
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
Big
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-all brackets in the same size:
+All brackets in the same size:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
+<row topspace="2mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-this looks better:
+This looks better:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an overview about all bracket sizes:
+Here is an example containing all bracket sizes:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Besides the
+In addition to the
\series bold
\backslash
big
\series default
--commands there is the variant
+-commands there is a variant,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
bigm
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that adds a bit more space between the bracket and its content, and the
- variant
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ that adds a bit more space between the bracket and its content.
+ Other variants
\series bold
\backslash
-bigl
+bigl
\series default
--
+and
\series bold
-
+
\backslash
bigr
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-bigl -
+bigl –
\backslash
bigr
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, that don't add additional space.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ don't add additional space.
The
\emph on
l
\backslash
bigl
\series default
- is for a left bracket; for a right bracket this will be replaced by an
-
+ is for a left bracket;
+ for a right bracket this is replaced by an
\emph on
r
\emph default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the following table is a comparison of the variants:
+The following table contains comparisons of the variants:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr($
\end_inset
Automatic Bracket Size
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+name "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Bracket size ! automatic
+Bracket size
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+automatic
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Brackets with variable size can be inserted with the commands
+Variably sized brackets can be inserted with the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
left
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
right
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
\end_inset
.
- Directly behind
+ The desired bracket must be inserted directly behind the
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
right
\series default
- the wanted bracket must be inserted.
+ commands.
The bracket size will then automatically be calculated for the output.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-normal bracket: The command
+normal bracket:
+ The command
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-multiline bracket: The command
+multiline bracket:
+ The command
\series bold
\backslash
Bracket
\family default
can be used.
- This has the advantage that you can see in LyX immediately the real bracket
- size and that the matching right bracket will be created too.
+ This has the advantage that you can see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ immediately the real bracket size and that the matching right bracket will be created too.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-The command for the last example would then be:
+The command for the last example would then be:
+
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To omit a left or right bracket, a dot is inserted for the omitted bracket.
+To omit a left or right bracket,
+ a dot is inserted for the omitted bracket.
For example the command
\series bold
\backslash
right
\series default
- will be converted by LyX to brackets in the right size when the document
- is reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line.
+ will be converted by \SpecialChar LyX
+ to brackets with the correct size when the document is reloaded and an omitted bracket will appear as dashed line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Because all popular LaTeX-Distributions use eTeX, an extension to LaTeX,
+Because all popular \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ distributions use e\SpecialChar TeX
+,
+ an extension to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+,
the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
middle
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is additionally available for all brackets and limits.
- With this command the height of the following character is adapted to the
- one of the surrounding brackets, what is e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-needed for physical vectors:
+ is available for all brackets and limits.
+ With this command the height of the following character is adapted to the one of the surrounding brackets,
+ for example in the case of physical vectors:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\:J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}\right\rangle
\]
\end_inset
-For physical vectors there is a special LaTeX-package, described in
+For physical vectors there is a special \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package,
+ described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Physical-Vectors"
+reference "subsec:Physical-Vectors"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Brackets
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Brackets ! horizontal
+Brackets
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{2.3mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
overbrace
\end_inset
^3
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+
\backslash
overbrace
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{-2.2mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
underbrace
\end_inset
_5
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+
\backslash
underbrace
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underbrace
\series default
- is inserted at first.
+ is inserted first.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you set in the document settings under
+If in document settings under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
Options
\family default
- for the package
+ the option for the package
\series bold
mathtools
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is set to
\family sans
Load
\begin_inset space ~
always
\family default
-, you have access to square backets:
+,
+ you will also have access to square brackets:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{2.3mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
\end_inset
^3
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+
\backslash
overbracket
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{-2.2mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
under
\end_inset
_5
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+
\backslash
under
\family roman
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-^
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-C
+^C
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
underbracket
\series default
- you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the
- desired thickness in square brackets behind the command:
+ you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the desired thickness in square brackets behind the command:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Command
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{2.3mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
\end_inset
^3
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{-2.2mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
\backslash
under
\end_inset
_5
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-When brackets should overlap each other, multiline formulas, as described
- in
+When brackets overlap each other,
+ multiline formulas as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-, must be used:
+ must be used:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray*}
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd\\
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}
\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
-In the first row the formula is inserted together with the first brace.
- It is hereby important that the space command
+In the first row,
+ the formula is inserted together with the first brace.
+ It is important that the space command
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
Space commands are explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\backslash
:
+
\series default
is inserted before the first
\begin_inset Formula $d$
\end_inset
-, because the brace that ends behind the
+ because the brace that ends behind the
\begin_inset Formula $q$
\end_inset
- prevents that the following
+ prevents the following
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is surrounded by space.
+ from being surrounded by spaces.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-because a bracket is not handled as a character, see
+Because a bracket is not handled as a character,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Binary-Operators"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- In the second row the second brace is inserted.
+ The second brace is inserted in the second row.
As it should begin before the
\begin_inset Formula $b$
\end_inset
-, first the command
+,
+ first the command
\series bold
\backslash
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-more about
+More about
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Placeholders"
+reference "subsec:Placeholders"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- is also surrounded by space in the formula.
+ is surrounded by spaces in the formula.
The brace is placed under the command
\series bold
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under
- the formula, like in the following example:
+It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under the formula as in the following example:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray*}
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\:dddd
\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
The first formula row is the same as the second row of the previous example,
with the difference that the brace is above.
The second row contains the formula together with the second brace.
- To avoid that there is space between the upper brace in the first row and
- the formula, the row spacing needs to be reduced.
- This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX.
+ To avoid the space between the upper brace in the first row and the formula,
+ the row spacing needs to be reduced.
+ This is not easily done due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #1505"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- As a solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
+ As a solution for the problem,
+ the global formula row separation
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! J !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+J
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
jot
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
must be changed to -6
\backslash
jot}{-6pt}
\series default
- in TeX-mode.
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\series bold
More about the row separation in formulas is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Line-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Line-Separation"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Arrows
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Arrows ! horizontal
+Arrows
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Arrows used as accents like e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-vector arrows are listed in
+Arrows used as accents such as vector arrows are listed in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Accents"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
+Labeled arrows
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Arrows ! labeled
+Arrows
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+labeled
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are also available using the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! X !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+X
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
xleftarrow
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! X !
-\backslash
-xrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+X
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+xrightarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- When inserting one of these commands in a formula, an arrow with two blue
- boxes appear where the label can be inserted.
+ When inserting one of these commands in a formula,
+ an arrow with two blue boxes appears indicating where the labels can be inserted.
The length of the arrow adapts to the label width.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If you set in the document settings under
+If in the document settings under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
always
\family default
-, you have access to the following labeled arrows:
+ is set,
+ you will have access to the following labeled arrows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Example
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Example
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="2mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The command scheme is for all these arrows:
+The command scheme for all of these arrows is:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="0.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Vertical and diagonal Arrows
+Vertical and Diagonal Arrows
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Arrows ! diagonal
+Arrows
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+diagonal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Arrows ! vertical
+Arrows
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+vertical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Vertical arrows can be used also as delimiters together with the commands
- described in
+Vertical arrows can also be used as delimiters together with the commands described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Manual-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Manual-Bracket-Size"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents for one Character
+Accents for One Character
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-accents in text see
+For accents in text see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Accents-in-Text"
+reference "subsec:Accents-in-Text"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-for-one"
+name "subsec:Accents-for-one"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Accents ! for one character
+Accents
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for one character
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddddot{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\vec{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bar{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathring{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\tilde{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\hat{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\hat{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\check{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\check{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\acute{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\acute{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\grave{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\grave{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\breve{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\breve{A}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You can directly insert accents like é to formulas.
- LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
+You can directly insert accents such as é in formulas.
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
For umlauts
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
- it is better to insert a quotation mark before the vowel.
- These two characters are then treated by LaTeX as
+ however it is better to insert a quotation mark before the vowel.
+ These two characters are then treated by \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
\emph on
one
\emph default
character when the formula part with the umlaut is marked as German.
- In contrary to
+ In contrast to
\series bold
\backslash
ddot
\series default
-, with this method
+,
+ with this method
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- and the 0
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt space are only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\lang ngerman
\begin_inset Quotes grd
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{i}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddot{i}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Another advantage to
+One advantage with
\series bold
\backslash
ddot
\series default
- is that umlauts can directly be converted to mathematical text because
- the accent commands above are
+ is that umlauts can be directly converted to mathematical text because the accent commands above are
\emph on
not allowed
\emph default
in mathematical text
\emph default
.
- To convert an accented character to mathematical text, only the character
- under the accent may be converted.
- This applies also for all other conversions, e.
+ To convert an accented character to mathematical text,
+ only the character under the accent may be converted.
+ This applies for all conversions,
+ e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
to italic or bold.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In mathematical text, umlauts and other accented characters can directly
- be inserted.
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX also supports a tilde under the character if the LaTeX-package
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ also supports a tilde under the character if the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
undertilde
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! undertilde
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+undertilde
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
undertilde
\series default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\utilde{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\utilde{A}$
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
undertilde
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
undertilde
\series default
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents for several Characters
+Accents for Several Characters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Accents ! for several characters
+Accents
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for several characters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overleftarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underleftarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overleftrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underleftrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\overrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underrightarrow{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\widetilde{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\widehat{A=B}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-With these commands as many characters as you like can be accented.
+Using these commands you can accent as many characters as you like.
But the accents
\series bold
\backslash
widehat
\series default
- will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
- in the following example:
+ will only be set in the output with a length of three characters,
+ as shown in the following example:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the commands
+It is also possible to accent several characters using the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
overset
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
underset
\end_layout
\end_inset
- described in the previous subsection it is also possible to accent several
- characters.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ described in the previous subsection.
The command
\series bold
Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Space"
+name "subsec:Space"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Space ! horizontal
+Space
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
Predefined Space
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Predefined-Space"
+name "subsec:Predefined-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Space ! horizontal ! predefined
+Space
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+predefined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Sometimes it is necessary to insert horizontal space into a formula.
- This is done by inserting a protected space (shortcut
+ This is done by inserting a non-breaking space (shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
-arg "command-alternatives space-insert protected ; math-space"
+arg "command-alternatives math-space ; space-insert protected"
\end_inset
).
\end_inset
or special commands.
- Independent from the inserted command, one can select the size again by
- pressing
+ The size can be adjusted at any time by positioning the cursor on the
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
+\end_inset
+
+ and pressing
\family sans
Space
\family default
- afterwards.
+ until the desired size is achieved.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\,B$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\:B$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\;B$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\! B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\!B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Space
+Space's
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
---
+–
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
7 are variable spaces which are explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-9 seems to produce no space.
- It is displayed red in LyX contrary to the other sizes, because it is a
- negative space.
+9 appears to produce no space.
+ It is displayed red in \SpecialChar LyX
+ contrary to the other sizes,
+ because it is a negative space.
There are two more negative spaces:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\family sans
Space
\family default
- keystrokes after inserting the protected space
+ keystrokes after inserting the non-breaking space
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Negative spaces can lead to characters overlapping each other.
- Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, which are e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-useful for summation operators:
+ Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures,
+ which are useful for things such as summation operators:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum\sum f_{kl}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space.
- To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a TeX-brace.
+Relational operators,
+ for example equal or less than signs,
+ are always surrounded by space.
+ To suppress this,
+ the operator is placed into a \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
The following example demonstrates this:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-normal equation
+Normal equation
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-equation without space
+Equation without space
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
-The command for the last formula is:
+The command for the last formula is:
+
\series bold
A
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Spaces are needed for physical units, because the space between the value
- and the unit is the smallest one and not a normal space.
- For units in text, the smallest space is inserted via the menu
+Another example of controlled spaces is physical units.
+ The space between a value and its unit is smaller than a normal space,
+ typically a thin space is used.
+ For units in text,
+ the smaller space is inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Thin
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-space between value and unit
+Space between value and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-smallest space between value and unit
+Thin space between value and unit
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-for vertical space in formulas see
+For vertical space in formulas see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Line-Separation"
+reference "subsec:Line-Separation"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
texorpdfstring is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Variable-Space"
+name "subsec:Variable-Space"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Space ! horizontal ! variable
+Space
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+horizontal
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+variable
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- Then a long
+ A long
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- appears.
- The length can be specified by left-clicking on the
+ will appear,
+ the length of which can be specified by left-clicking on the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
.
The length may also be negative.
- When a space would be the first character in a line it would be omitted.
+ If the space is the first character in a line,
+ it will ordinarily be omitted.
To force its output use the command
\series bold
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-To insert as much space as is available, the command
+To insert as much space as is available,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hfill
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is used.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace -1mm
\end_inset
-
+ is used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the last example the available space is given by the longest column entry
- of the table.
- In an inline formula the space depends on the length of the line in which
-
+In the last example the available space is given by the longest column entry of the table.
+ In an inline formula the space depends on the length of the line in which
\series bold
\backslash
hfill
\series default
is inserted.
- Thus, when the line uses the full width, no space will be created.
+ Thus,
+ when the line uses the full width,
+ no space will be created.
\series bold
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\backslash
hfill
\series default
-, there are the commands
+,
+ there are also commands,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\series bold
\backslash
-hrulefill
+hrulefill,
+
\series default
- that fill the space with a pattern, see
+ that fill the space with a pattern.
+ See
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Ellipses"
+reference "subsec:Ellipses"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For text, variable space can be inserted via the menu
+For text,
+ variable space can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar menuseparator
Horizontal
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Space besides inline Formulas
+Space Besides Inline Formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Space ! besides inline formulas
+Space
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+besides inline formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The space that surrounds inline formulas can be adjusted with the length
-
+The space that surrounds inline formulas can be adjusted with the length
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
mathsurround
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
The value of a length is set with the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
setlength
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
which has the following scheme:
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-mm, the command
+mm,
+ the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode.
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To return to the predefined value,
+To return to the predefined value,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Section
Boxes and Frames
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Frames | see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Frames
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
Boxes
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
Boxes with Frame
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
+name "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Boxes ! with frame
+Boxes
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+with frame
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! F !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
fbox
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
boxed
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When one of these commands is inserted in a formula, a blue box appears
- within a frame to enter formula parts.
+When one of these commands is inserted in a formula,
+ a blue box appears within a frame to enter formula parts.
For
\series bold
\family sans
Ctrl+M
\family default
- within this box, because the box content will otherwise be treated as mathemati
-cal text.
+ within this box,
+ because the box content will otherwise be treated as mathematical text.
When
\series bold
\backslash
boxed
\series default
- is used, a new formula is automatically created inside the frame.
+ is used,
+ a new formula is automatically created inside the frame.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
fbox
\series default
- is not suitable to frame displayed formulas because the formula will always
- be set in the size of the text.
-
+ is not suitable to frame displayed formulas because the formula will always be set in the size of the documents text.
+ Conversly
\series bold
\backslash
boxed
\series default
- is in contrary not suitable to frame inline formulas, because the formula
- will always be set in the size of a displayed formula.
+ is not suitable to frame inline formulas because the formula will always be set in the size of a displayed formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! F !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
framebox
\end_layout
\end_inset
- where additionally the frame width and the alignment can be specified.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with which the frame width and the alignment can be specified.
\series bold
\emph on
l
\emph default
- left aligns,
+ left aligns and
\emph on
r
\emph default
right aligns the formula in the box.
- When no position is given, the formula will be centered.
+ If no position is given the formula will be centered.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-If no width is given, also no position can be given.
+If width is not given then position can not be given.
In this case the frame width is adjusted to the box content like for
\series bold
\backslash
framebox
\series default
- is inserted, a box appears containing three blue boxes.
- The first two boxes are surrounded by brackets and denote the two optional
- arguments.
+ is inserted,
+ a box appears containing three blue boxes.
+ The first two boxes are surrounded by brackets and denote the two optional arguments.
The third box is for formula parts like for
\series bold
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\ensuremath{\int A=B}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox{-6.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\boxed{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $A+\fbox{B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Formula $\framebox[20mm][]{\ensuremath{\frac{A}{B}}}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The frame thickness can also be adjusted.
- To do this the following commands have to be inserted in TeX-mode before
- the formula
+To adjust the frame thickness the following commands are inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- specifies the minimal distance between the frame and the first character
- in the box.
- An example for this is the following framed formula:
+ specifies the minimum distance between the frame and the first character in the box.
+ An example of this is given in the following framed formula:
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-were inserted in TeX-mode.
- The given values are used for all following boxes.
+were inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
+ These values are then used for all following boxes.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To return to the standard frame size, the command
+To return to the standard frame size,
+ the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode before the next formula.
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the next formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Boxes without Frame
+Boxes Without Frame
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
+name "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Boxes ! without frame
+Boxes
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+without frame
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For boxes without a frame there are the following box commands:
+For boxes without a frame the following box commands:
+
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
mbox
\end_layout
\end_inset
-,
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
makebox
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
raisebox
\end_layout
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+ are available.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
With
\series bold
raisebox
\series default
a box can be super- or subscripted.
- But in contrary to normal super- and subscripting, the characters in the
- box keep their font size.
+ But in contrary to normal super- and subscripting,
+ the characters in the box keep their font size.
\series bold
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When the box should contain a formula, an extra formula is needed like for
-
+When the box contains a formula,
+ an extra formula is needed like for
\series bold
\backslash
fbox
\series default
.
-
-\series medium
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series medium
\begin_inset Note Greyedout
status open
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
For
\series bold
\family sans
Ctrl+M
\family default
- twice instead of once because LyX doesn't yet support
+ twice instead of once because \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't yet support
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
framebox
\series default
-, with the difference that there is no frame.
+,
+ except that there is no frame.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Boxes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Colored-Boxes"
+name "subsec:Colored-Boxes"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Boxes ! colored
+Boxes
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+colored
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use all commands explained in this section, the LaTeX-package
-
+To be able to use all commands explained in this section,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
color
\series default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The LaTeX-package
+The \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
color
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! color
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+color
\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ must be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
When text is colored somewhere in the document with a predefined color,
- LyX loads the LaTeX-package
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ loads the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ package
\series bold
color
\series default
automatically.
- Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice, but this does not
- cause problems.
+ Thus it is possible that the package is loaded twice,
+ but this does not cause problems.
\end_layout
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To avoid that the package is loaded twice, a macro was inserted to the LaTeX-pre
-amble.
+To avoid that the package is loaded twice,
+ a macro was inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-To color boxes, the command
+To create color boxes,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
colorbox
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is used in the following scheme:
colorbox
\series default
can also be part of another box (see the 2nd and 3rd example).
- When the box should contain a formula, an extra formula has to be created,
+ When the box should contain a formula,
+ an extra formula has to be created,
the same way as for
\series bold
\series bold
black
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
blue
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
cyan
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
green
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
magenta
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
red
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
white
\series default
and
\series bold
yellow
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets\gets$
+\end_inset
+
A=B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Formula $\gets\gets$
+\end_inset
+
+
\backslash
colorbox{green
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}\raisebox{-5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fbox{\colorbox{green}{\mbox{\ensuremath{\int C=D}}}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\begin_inset VSpace smallskip
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
colorbox
\series default
- only colors the box but not the characters in the box.
- To color all characters, the whole formula is highlighted and the desired
- color is chosen in the
+ only colors the box background,
+ not the characters in the box.
+ To color all characters,
+ the whole formula is highlighted and the desired color is chosen in the
\family sans
Text
\begin_inset space ~
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Properties\SpecialChar menuseparator
Customized
\family default
.
- The formula number then has the same color as the formula.
- When the formula number should get another color than the formula characters,
+ The formula number will have the same color as the formula.
+ If a different color for the formula number is desired,
the color must be changed within the formula.
\end_layout
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:red"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:redgreen"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To color the frame different than the rest of the box, the command
+To color the frame different than the rest of the box,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! F !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
fcolorbox
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is used in the following scheme:
colorbox
\series default
.
- The frame width is set, like for
+ The frame width is set,
+ like for
\series bold
\backslash
framebox
\series default
-, with
+,
+ with
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To use other colors than the predefined ones, they have to be defined first.
+To use colors other than predefined ones,
+ they must be defined first.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- with the LaTeX-preamble line:
+ with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5,
+
\series default
\series bold
0,
+
\series default
\series bold
1,
+
\series default
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
definecolor
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
cmyk
\series default
- is the color space that denotes the colors
+ is the color space denoting the colors
\series bold
cyan
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
magenta
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
yellow
\series default
black
\series default
.
- The four comma separated numbers are the portion factor for the corresponding
- colors of the color space.
+ The four comma separated numbers are the portion factors for the corresponding colors of the color space.
The factors can be in the range of 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
1.
Instead of
\series bold
-cmyk
+cmyk,
+
\series default
- also the color space
+ the color space
\series bold
rgb
\series default
- can be used for definitions.
+ can also be used for definitions.
\series bold
rgb
\series bold
red
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
green
\series default
\series bold
blue
\series default
-, so that there are in this case three portion factors for the corresponding
- colors.
+,
+ so there are three portion factors for the corresponding colors.
Furthermore there is the color space
\series bold
gray
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-As example a framed box with the new defined color
+As an example here is a framed box with the newly defined color
\series bold
darkgreen
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Self-defined colors can also be used for text with the help of the command
-
+Self-defined colors can also be used for text with the help of the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
:
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text ! colored
+Text
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+colored
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
textcolor
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is used in the scheme
Paragraph Boxes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
+name "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Boxes ! as paragraph
+Boxes
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+as paragraph
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs, a so-called paragraph
- box (parbox), can be created with the menu
+A box that can contain several lines and paragraphs,
+ a so-called paragraph box (parbox),
+ can be created with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Box
\family default
or the toolbar button
special "none"
height "1in"
height_special "totalheight"
+thickness "0.4pt"
+separation "3pt"
+shadowsize "4pt"
+framecolor "black"
+backgroundcolor "none"
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-cm long and can also contain formulas:
+cm long and can also contain formulas:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\int A\,\mathrm{d}s=C$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Such a box is created by right-clicking on the gray box inset.
A dialog pops up showing the box properties.
- In our case set:
+ In our case set:
+
\emph on
Decoration
\emph default
-: Rectangular box,
+:
+ Rectangular box,
+
\emph on
Inner Box
\emph default
-: Parbox,
+:
+ Parbox,
+
\emph on
Width
\emph default
-: 5
+:
+ 5
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-cm,
+cm,
+
\emph on
Vertical Box Alignment
\emph default
-: Middle
+:
+ Middle
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-In LaTeX a parbox is created with the command
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ a parbox is created with the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! P !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
parbox
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
which has the following scheme:
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with its last
- line.
+ means that the box is aligned within the surrounding text with its last line.
With
\emph on
t
\end_inset
this is done with the first line.
- When no position is given, the box will be vertically centered, see section
-
+ When no position is given,
+ the box will be vertically centered,
+ see section
\emph on
Boxes
\emph default
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To frame formulas completely, including the formula number, the formula
- must be set into a parbox.
- To do this, the command
+To frame formulas completely,
+ including the formula number,
+ the formula must be set into a parbox.
+ To do this,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
fboxrule}{
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula.
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
-\backslash
-linewidth
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is hereby the line width set for the document.
- Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from
- the line width.
- As this is not automatically done by LyX due to a bug
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX-bug #4483"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4483"
+
+\backslash
+linewidth
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-, TeX-mode has to be used.
- To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments, the LaTeX-package
+ is the line width set for the document.
+ Because the frame is outside the parbox,
+ two times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from the line width.
+ To be able to multiply and subtract in arguments,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
calc
\series default
\series bold
calc
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! calc
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+calc
\end_layout
\end_inset
- must be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ must be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
}}
\series default
- in TeX-mode.
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
Here is an example:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
fbox
\series default
-, there is in this case no difference between
+,
+ there is in this case no difference between
\series bold
\backslash
\end_inset
Paragraph boxes are very useful to comment formulas directly.
- To do this,
+ To do this,
+
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Such a formula must be inserted completely in TeX-mode because LyX does
- not yet support the command
+Such a formula must be inserted completely in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode because \SpecialChar LyX
+ does not yet support the command
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
parbox{5cm}{
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\series bold
Indented
\series default
- is used,
+ is used,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\backslash
]
\series default
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The commands
\series bold
\backslash
]
\series default
- hereby create a displayed formula.
+ create a displayed formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Operators
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Big Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Big-Operators"
+name "subsec:Big-Operators"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Operators ! big
+Operators
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+big
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use all integral operators listed here, the option
+To be able to use all of the integral operators listed here,
+ the
+\family sans
+Load automatically
+\family default
+ option for the
\family sans
-Use esint package automatically
+ esint package
\family default
must be set in the document settings under
\family sans
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
int
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! I !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+I
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
int
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
sum
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
sum
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
prod
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! P !
-\backslash
-prod
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+P
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+prod
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The operators are called big because they are bigger than the sometimes
- equal looking binary operators.
+The operators are called big because they are bigger than the sometimes equal looking binary operators.
All big operators can have limits as described in the next subsection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For all integral operators there is a second version available, ending in
-
+For all integral operators there is a second version available,
+ ending in
\series bold
op
\series default
-:
+:
+
\series bold
\backslash
intop
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
ointop
-\series default
- etc..
- These operators are different from
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-int
\series default
etc.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-in the style the operator limits are displayed, see
+ These operators differ in the style the operator limits are displayed,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection*
\emph on
d
\emph default
- in an integral is an operator, that therefore has to be set upright.
+ in an integral is an operator that has to be set upright.
This is done by highlighting the
\emph on
d
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- Finally the smallest space is inserted before the
+ Also the smallest space is inserted before the
\emph on
d
\emph default
-, as this is usual for operators.
+,
+ as this is usual for operators.
An example:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-incorrect:
+incorrect:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\int A(x)dx$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-correct:
+correct:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\int A(x)\,\mathrm{d}x$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For multiple integrals there are the following commands:
+The following commands exist for multiple integrals:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\oiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqiint$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\iiiint$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\dotsint$
\end_inset
Operator Limits
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Operator-Limits"
+name "subsec:Operator-Limits"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Operators ! Limits
+Operators
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Limits
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Limits of inline formulas are set right beside the operator.
- Limits in displayed formulas are set above or below the operator, except
- for integral limits.
+Limits of inline formulas are set on the right side of the operator.
+ Limits in displayed formulas are set above or below the operator,
+ except for integral limits.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To force that the limits are set beside the operator, the cursor is set
- directly behind the operator and the limits type is changed with the menu
-
+To force the limits to be set beside the operator,
+ the cursor is placed directly behind the operator and the limits type is changed with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change Limits Type
\family default
to
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The default limits type is this:
+The default displayed formulas limits type is this:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
\end_inset
-This is how it looks when the limits type was changed to
+This is how it looks when the limits type is changed to
\family sans
\series bold
Inline
:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\sum\nolimits_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
\]
\end_inset
-For integrals, except those ending with
+For integrals,
+ except those ending with
\series bold
op
\series default
\backslash
intop
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
ointop
\series default
- etc., the limits are by default set beside the operator.
+ etc.,
+ the limits by default are set beside the operator.
But for multiple integrals the limits are often set below the operator.
- In the following example the limits type was therefore set to
+ In the following example the limits type was set to
\series bold
Display
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\iiint\limits_{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-To specify conditions for limits, the commands
+To specify conditions for limits,
+ the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
subarray
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
substack
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
are used.
- To create for example this expression
+ To create this expression
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\
-k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
\end{equation}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-the following has to be done:
+the following must be done:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
_
\series default
is typed in.
- One is now in a blue box under the summation operator and insert there
- the command
+ The cursor is now in a blue box under the summation operator.
+ Insert the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
.
- The blue box is now within a purple box and now several lines can be written
- among each other.
+ The blue box is now within a purple box and now multiple limit lines can be written.
A new line is created by inserting a line break (
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
\end_inset
).
- When now
+ When
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\series default
-is typed in, a new box appears below for the new line.
+is typed in,
+ a new box appears below for the new limit line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
or the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows &Columns
\family default
.
- To get right alignment,
+ To get right alignment,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Like in formula
+As in formula
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:substack"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
- there can be too much space beside an operator, because the characters
- following the operator are set beside the limits.
+ there can be too much space beside an operator.
+ This occurs because the characters following the operator are set beside the limits.
To avoid this the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
smashoperator
\end_layout
\end_inset
- can be used.
- To activate it, set in the document settings under
-\family sans
-Math
-\begin_inset space ~
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-Options
-\family default
- for the package
+ can be used.
+ To use it,
+ set the package
\series bold
mathtools
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ to
\family sans
Load
\begin_inset space ~
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:substack"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-, one uses the command
+,
+ one uses the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\[
\smashoperator{\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\
-k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
\end{subarray}}^{n}}k^{-2}
\]
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When several consecutive operators have limits the typesetting of the limits
- looks often imperfect in the output, see this example:
+When several consecutive operators have limits the typesetting of the limits looks often imperfect in the output,
+ for example:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\text{a)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}\quad\text{b)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p^{2}\ge n}\quad\text{c)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{p^{2}\ge nK}\quad\text{d)}\limsup_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}
\end_inset
-To improve the typesetting set in the document settings under
+To improve the typesetting,
+ in the document settings under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ set the option to
\family sans
-Load
+ Load
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
always
\family default
.
- Then insert into your formula the command
+ Then insert the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
adjustlimits
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
directly before the first operator.
How to use one limit for several operators is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Decoration for Operators
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Operators ! Decoration
+Operators
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Decoration
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
overset
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
underset
\end_layout
\end_inset
- characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ characters can be placed above or below an operator respectively.
With the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
sideset
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
characters can be set before and behind a big operator.
\backslash
sidesetn
\series default
- is used to set characters before and/or behind the operator (this variant
- represents LaTeX's original
+ is used to set characters before and/or behind the operator (this variant represents \SpecialChar LaTeX
+'s original
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-Note:
+Note:
+
\backslash
sideset
\series default
- can only be used to decorate big operators, binary operators are not allowed.
+ can only be used to decorate big operators,
+ binary operators are not allowed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
underset
\series default
can also be used to decorate symbols and characters.
- For example, the command
+ For example,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
Binary Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Binary-Operators"
+name "subsec:Binary-Operators"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Operators ! binary
+Operators
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+binary
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Binary operators are surrounded by space when there is a character before
- and after them.
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+Binary operators are surrounded by space when there is a character before and after them.
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
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<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
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<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
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<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To typeset the Laplace operator also
+To typeset the Laplace operator,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_inset Formula $\nabla^{2}$
\end_inset
-) can be used instead of
+) can also be used instead of
\series bold
\backslash
bigtriangleup
\series default
- .
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
from the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Special Character
\family default
is the operator
Self-defined Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+name "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Operators ! self-defined
+Operators
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+self-defined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-dbinom@
+dbinom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\backslash
DeclareMathOperator
\end_layout
\end_inset
- custom operators can be defined in the LaTeX-preamble.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ custom operators can be defined in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble.
Its command scheme is:
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Display can be characters or symbols that define how the operator looks
- in the output.
+Display can be characters or symbols that define how the operator looks in the output.
To define a big operator a * is set behind the command.
All self-defined big operators can have limits as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For example the LaTeX-preamble line
+For example the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
Lozenge
\series default
-, that inserts a big operator consisting of the lozenge symbol from
+,
+ that inserts a big operator consisting of the black lozenge symbol from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
+reference "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-The command for this formula is:
+The command for this formula is:
+
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
mathop
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
mathbin
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, which have the following scheme:
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ which have the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
mathop
\series default
- defines big operators,
+ defines big operators,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
mathop
\series default
- can e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
-\end_inset
-
-be used to use one limit for several operators:
+ can be used to use one limit for several operators:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Font Styles
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Font-Styles"
+name "subsec:Font-Styles"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! style
+Font
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+style
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles:
-\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Latin letters in formulas can be set in one of the following font styles:
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
+Shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
+-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
+type "shortcut"
arg "font-bold"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
+type "shortcut"
arg "font-boldsymbol"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
+-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-AbC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
+Shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
+type "shortcut"
arg "font-roman"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
+type "shortcut"
arg "font-sans"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
+type "shortcut"
arg "font-typewriter"
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ABC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{ABC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
The styles
\series bold
\backslash
mathbb
\series default
- and
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
mathcal
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
\series default
can only be used for big letters.
\end_layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Predefined is the style
+The style
\series bold
\backslash
mathnormal
\series default
-.
+ is predefined.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
+The style commands also work for letters in mathematical constructs:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Characters in mathematical text don't appear in a math font style but in
- the text font style
+Characters in mathematical text don't appear in a math font style but in the text font style
\series bold
\backslash
textrm
\series default
.
- That their style can't be set correctly via the text style dialog is a
- bug in LyX.
+ Note that their style can't be set correctly via the text style dialog.
+ This is a known bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #4629"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4629"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/4629"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Instead of the style commands the dialog
+Instead of the style commands,
+
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Text Style
\family default
- or the toolbar button
+ dialog,
+ or the toolbar button,
+
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\font"
Bold Formulas
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Bold-Formulas"
+name "subsec:Bold-Formulas"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! bold
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bold
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To make a complete formula bold, the command
+To make a complete formula bold,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
mathbf
\series default
- from the previous subsection cannot be used, because it doesn't work for
- small Greek letters.
- Furthermore it prints Latin letters always upright, like in the following
- equation:
+ from the previous subsection cannot be used because it doesn't work for small Greek letters.
+ Additionally it always prints Latin letters upright,
+ as in the following equation:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To display the formula correctly, the command
+To display the formula correctly,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
boldmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
- in TeX-mode.
- To end the environment, the command
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
+ To end the environment,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+U
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
unboldmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is inserted in TeX-mode.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! colored
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+colored
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Formulas can be colored like normal text: Highlight a formula or a formula
- part and use the
+Formulas can be colored like normal text:
+ Highlight a formula or a formula part and use the
\family sans
Text Style
\family default
You can also define your own colors as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Colored-Boxes"
+reference "subsec:Colored-Boxes"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
.
- They can be used with the TeX code command
+ They can be used with the \SpecialChar TeX
+ code command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
textcolor
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
in the scheme
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Due to a bug in LyX only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined
- colors.
+Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+ only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined colors.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #5269"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/5269"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/5269"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
Font Sizes
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Font-Sizes"
+name "subsec:Font-Sizes"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Font ! size
+Font
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+size
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For characters in formulas there are, analog to characters in text, the
- following size commands:
+As with characters in text,
+ the following size commands are available for formula characters:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
Huge
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
huge
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
LARGE
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
Large
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
large
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
normalsize
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
footnotesize
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The size produced by the commands depends on the document font size, which
- corresponds to the command
+The font size produced by the commands depends on the document's original font size,
+ which corresponds to the command
\series bold
\backslash
normalsize
\series default
.
- The other commands produce smaller or larger sizes than
+ The other commands produce character sizes smaller or larger than
\series bold
\backslash
normalsize
\series default
.
- The font size can however not exceed a certain value.
- Is for example the document font size 12
+ There are however limits to how small or large the font size can be changed.
+ If for example the document font size is 12
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-pt, the command
+pt,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
huge
\series default
.
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A size command is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula and sets the size
- for all following formula and text characters.
- To switch back to the initial size, the command
+A size command is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before a formula and sets the size for all of the following formulas and text characters.
+ To switch back to the initial size,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
normalsize
\series default
- is inserted behind the formula in TeX-mode.
+ is inserted behind the formula,
+ again in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands
- or the toolbar button
+Size can also be changed within a formula using the following size commands or the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\style"
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
displaystyle
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
displaystyle
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6.5mm}{}{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-5.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula ${\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-After entering these commands, a blue box appears in which the formula parts
- are inserted.
+After entering these commands,
+ a blue box appears in which the formula parts are inserted.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is a further method to change the font size, that though only works
- for symbols or letters in mathematical text.
- To use it, one of the above text size commands is inserted in mathematical
- text.
- All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
- another size command will have the selected size.
+There is another method for changing the font size,
+ although it only works for symbols or letters in mathematical text.
+ To use it,
+ one of the above text size commands is inserted into mathematical text.
+ All characters until the end of the mathematical text or until another size command will have the selected size.
Two examples:
\begin_inset VSpace -2mm
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\maltese A\textrm{{\Large \maltese\textit{A}}}\textrm{{\tiny \maltese\textit{A}}}
\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Before both formulas the command
+Before the first formula the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes, it will always be displayed
- in the default size.
+If a symbol cannot be displayed in different sizes,
+ it will always be displayed in the default size.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Greek Letters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+Greek letters can be inserted via the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\alpha"
\end_inset
-.
- All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
- have to be typeset italic/slanted.
- In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
- typeset upright.
+ as well as by command.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages,
+ like French or Russian,
+ they are nevertheless sometimes typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Small Letters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Greek letters ! small
+Greek letters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+small
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
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\begin_inset Text
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\begin_inset Text
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
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<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
+Creating upright Greek letters is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
+reference "subsec:Upright-small-Greek"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Big Letters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Greek letters ! big
+Greek letters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+big
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-That the big Greek letters appear upright is caused by a design bug when
- TeX was developed.
- To get correct italic big letters, begin every command with
+The big Greek letters appearing upright is caused by a design bug in \SpecialChar TeX
+.
+ To create correct italic big letters,
+ begin every command with
\series bold
var
\series default
\series bold
fixmath
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
was
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! was
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+was
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! fixmath
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+fixmath
\end_layout
\end_inset
- with the LaTeX-preamble line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Letters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Greek letters ! bold
+Greek letters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bold
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! B !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+B
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
boldsymbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in
+A list with all symbols of most of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages can be found in
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Symbols"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
texorpdfstring is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+reference "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the
- toolbar buttons
+Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the toolbar buttons
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\nabla"
Mathematical Symbols
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Mathematical-Symbols"
+name "subsec:Mathematical-Symbols"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symbols ! mathematical
+Symbols
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathematical
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Symbol
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Miscellaneous Symbols
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
+name "subsec:Miscellaneous-Symbols"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symbols ! miscellaneous
+Symbols
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+miscellaneous
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text
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-Result
+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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<row>
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-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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<row>
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
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+
+
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes, see
+Some symbols can be displayed in different sizes,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
The Euro-Symbol €
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symbols ! Euro-symbol
+Symbols
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Euro-symbol
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-@
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use the Euro symbol in formulas, the LaTeX-package
+To use the Euro symbol in formulas,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! eurosym
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+eurosym
\end_layout
\end_inset
- must be installed and loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ must be installed and loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! E !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+E
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
euro
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The Euro symbol can directly be inserted with the € key in mathematical
- text, without having
+The Euro symbol can directly be inserted with the € key in mathematical text,
+ without having
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
- is installed,
+ is installed,
+
\series bold
\backslash
euro
\series default
- can also be inserted in TeX-mode.
+ can also be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The official currency symbol can then be inserted with the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
officialeuro
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, that is only available in TeX-mode.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ which is also only available in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+cmidrule[0.08em]{2-3}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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+Symbol
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-TeX-mode
+\SpecialChar TeX
+ mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+cmidrule
+\series default
+ is used here only for table borders.
+ See sec.
+
+\family sans
+Formal Tables
+\family default
+ of the
+\emph on
+EmbeddedObjects
+\emph default
+ manual for details.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
eurosym
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Comparisons|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Comparisons
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
Relations
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All following relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+All of the following relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-insert \\leq"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Relation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
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<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Relation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+Relation
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
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<row>
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
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\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
triangleright
\series default
-, respectively.
+,
+ respectively.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports also many special relations.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports also many special relations.
Use the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space.
+Contrary to symbols,
+ relations are always surrounded by space.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
stackrel
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
\end_inset
Predefined Functions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Predefined-Functions"
+name "subsec:Predefined-Functions"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Functions ! predefined
+Functions
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+predefined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In general, variables are set
+In general,
+ variables are set
\emph on
italic
\emph default
- in mathematical expressions, but not function names, because
+ in mathematical expressions,
+ but not function names,
+ because
\begin_inset Formula $sin$
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- Therefore there are predefined functionswhich are additionally a bit separated
- from prefactors.
+ Also predefined functions are separated a bit from the character in front of them.
They are inserted as commands starting with a backslash before their name.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="4">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
+Asin(x)+B
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \quad{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Asin(x)+B
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $Asin(x)+B$
-\end_inset
-
-
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Functions
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Functions ! self-defined
+Functions
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+self-defined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use a function that is not predefined, like for example the sign function
- sgn(x), there are two possibilities:
+To use a function that is not predefined,
+ for instance the sign function sgn(x),
+ there are two possibilities:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Define the function by inserting the following line to the LaTeX-preamble
+Define the function by inserting the following line in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Self-defined-Operators"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! D !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+D
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-dbinom@
+dbinom
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\backslash
DeclareMathOperator
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Now the new defined function can be called with the command
+Now the newly defined function can be called with the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters
-
+Write the formula as usual,
+ mark the formula name,
+ in our example the letters
\emph on
sgn
\emph default
-, and change it to mathematical text.
- Finally, a space is inserted between prefactor and function.
+,
+ and change it to mathematical text.
+ Finally,
+ insert a space between the prefactor and function.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-In LyX self-defined functions are displayed red, predefined ones black.
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+ self-defined functions are displayed red,
+ predefined ones black.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function should
- be used several times.
+The first method is more suitable when the self-defined function will be used several times.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Limits
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For limits, in addition to the commands
+For limits,
+ in addition to the commands
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
lim
\end_layout
\end_inset
-,
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset space \hspace{}
-\length 1cm
-\end_inset
-
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The space and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- are used here as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
+In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula,
+ as usual:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\lim_{x\to A}x=B
How to adjust the typesetting of the limits see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+reference "subsec:Operator-Limits"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Modulo-Functions
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Functions ! modulo-
+Functions
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+modulo-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The modulo-function is special, because it exists in four variants.
- The variants in a displayed formula are:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pod b
-\end{align*}
+The modulo-function is special,
+ because it exists in four variants.
+ The variants in an inline formula are:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a
+\backslash
+mod
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+b
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In an inline formula less space is set before the function names for all
- variants.
- By default the modulo-functions take only the first following character
- into account.
- To use more than one character, one has to put them into TeX-braces:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d
-\end{align*}
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $a\mod b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a
+\backslash
+pmod
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $a\pmod b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a
+\backslash
+bmod
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $a\bmod b$
+\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+a
+\backslash
+pod
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+b
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $a\pod b$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In a display formula,
+ more space is set before the function names for all variants but
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+mod.
+
+\series default
+ This later version is also the only one that does not take the
+\series bold
+b
+\series default
+ as argument but acts as a binary operator.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Special Characters
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The characters ^ and _ would normally create a subscript and subscript,
+The characters ^ and _ would normally create a superscript and subscript,
respectively.
To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading
\backslash
-:
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in TeX-mode:
+The following commands can only be used in mathematical text or in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{å}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
AA
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-@
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-textrm{
-\backslash
-AA}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-command
+Command
\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-mm is used for separation, because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿
- respectively.
+mm is used for separation,
+ because otherwise the output will be ¡ and ¿ respectively.
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
The characters
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Å}}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\textrm{Ø}}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ø}$
\end_inset
can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An exception are the commands
+The commands
\series bold
!
\begin_inset space \hspace{}
`
\series default
-, because they can be inserted in LyX directly to text.
+ are exceptions because they can be inserted in \SpecialChar LyX
+ directly to text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents in Text
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-in-Text"
+name "subsec:Accents-in-Text"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Accents ! in text
+Accents
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the following commands all letters can be accented.
- The commands must be inserted in TeX-mode.
+Any letter can be accented with the following commands.
+ The commands must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
~e
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="left" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sz
\series default
- creates:
+ creates:
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\series bold
`
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
'
\series default
\series bold
^
\series default
- can in combination with vowels directly be inserted with the keyboard without
- using TeX-mode.
+ can in combination with vowels be directly inserted with the keyboard without using \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The same applies for the tilde
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\emph on
a
\emph default
- ,
+ ,
+
\emph on
n
\emph default
- , or
+ ,
+ or
\emph on
o
\emph default
\backslash
b
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
c
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
d
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
H
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
t
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
u
\series default
- ,
+ ,
+
\series bold
\backslash
v
\series default
- and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available
- in mathematical text.
- For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas,
+ and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in mathematical text.
+ For the other accents there are special math commands used in formulas,
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Accents-for-one"
+reference "subsec:Accents-for-one"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Furthermore, with the command
+With the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
textcircled
\end_layout
\end_inset
- all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a
- circle, similar to the copyright symbol.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ any number or letter can be set into a circle,
+ quasi accented with a circle,
+ similar to the copyright symbol.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell multicolumn="1" alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One has to take care that the character fits in the circle.
+One has to take care that the character fits into the circle.
\series bold
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-see
+See
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- specifies thereby the size of the circle.
+ specifies the size of the circle.
With the help of
\series bold
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-see
+See
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-without-Frame"
+reference "subsec:Boxes-without-Frame"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Old-style Figures
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Old-style figures (also known as old-style numerals) are created with the
- command
+Old-style figures (also known as old-style numerals) are created with the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+O
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
oldstylenums
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- The command can be used in formulas and in TeX-mode.
+ The command can be used in formulas and in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The command scheme is:
\end_layout
\series bold
\backslash
-oldstylenums{0123456789
+oldstylenums{0123456789}
\series default
- produces:
+ produces:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\oldstylenums{0123456789}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! styles
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+styles
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_deeper
\begin_layout Description
-Centered is the predefined standard
+Centered is the predefined standard.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
-Indented for this the option
-\series bold
-fleqn
-\series default
- must be inserted in the menu
+Indented can be set using the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
\family sans
-Document
+Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Class
+Options.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
Indented
\series default
- is used, the indentation can be adjusted with the length
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathindent
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
-\backslash
-mathindent
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
- Should the distance be 15
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-mm, the following command line is inserted in the LaTeX-preamble
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setlength{
-\backslash
-mathindent}{15mm}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-When no length is specified, the predefined value of 30
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-
-pt will be used.
+ is used,
+ the indentation can be adjusted.
+ The default value depends on the document class.
\end_layout
\end_deeper
\begin_layout Itemize
-And two different numbering styles:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_deeper
-\begin_layout Description
-Right is the predefined standard
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Description
-Left for this the option
-\series bold
-leqno
-\series default
- must be inserted in the menu
+Two different numbering styles are available in the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
\family sans
-Document
+Math
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Class
+Options
+\family default
+:
\end_layout
-\end_deeper
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_deeper
+\begin_layout Description
+Right is in most cases the default.
+\end_layout
-\series bold
-fleqn
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-leqno
-\series default
- can also be used together.
- In this case both options are inserted, separated by a comma.
+\begin_layout Description
+Left
\end_layout
+\end_deeper
\begin_layout Standard
The chosen styles are used for all displayed formulas of the document.
- When both, centered and indented formulas should be created in a document,
+ When both,
+ centered and indented formulas should be created in a document,
the style
\series bold
Centered
\series default
is used.
- The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment, see
+ The indented formulas are then set in a flalign environment,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing
+In \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+ multiline formulas are created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
inside a formula.
This creates either an
\series bold
-eqnarray environment
+align environment
\series default
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Standard-align-Environment"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
- or, when the option
+ or,
+ when automatically loading of the package
\family sans
-Use AMS math package
+ AMS math
\family default
- in the document settings is selected, an
+ is disabled in the document settings,
+ an
\series bold
-align environment
+eqnarray environment
\series default
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
.
- The align environment is recommended because it provides in any case a
- typographically correct output.
+ The align environment is recommended as it provides a typographically correct output in all cases.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the
- menu
+There are other multiline formula environments that can be created via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In all multiline formula environments a new line is created by pressing
-
+In all multiline formula environments a new line is created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
.
- To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons
+ To add or delete lines,
+ use the math toolbar buttons
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
+arg "tabular-feature append-row"
\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
+arg "tabular-feature delete-row"
\end_inset
-, respectively, or the menu
+ respectively,
+ or the menu option
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+ Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
- can be used.
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Line Separation
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Line-Separation"
+name "subsec:Line-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! Line separation
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Line separation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
+Sometimes there is not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX additional line space is specified as optional argument of the
- new line command.
- This is not yet possible in LyX
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ additional line space is specified as an optional argument of the new line command.
+ This is not yet possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #1505"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1505"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-, therefore the whole formula must be inserted in TeX-mode.
- To add in our example space, the command
+,
+ therefore the whole formula must be inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
+ To add in our example space,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
[3mm]
\series default
is inserted at the end of the first line.
- One gets:
+ One gets:
+
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD &
- = &
+B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = &
\backslash
textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}
\backslash
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
+To set the line separation for all lines in a formula,
+ the length of
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! J !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+J
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
jot
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is changed.
- The definition is:
-\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\, pt+\backslash jot}$
+ The definition is:
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\mbox{line separation}=\mathrm{6\,pt+\backslash jot}$
\end_inset
.
- Predefined for
+
\series bold
\backslash
jot
\series default
- is the value 3
+ is predefined as 3
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-mm additional line separation as in the previous example, the command
+mm of additional line separation as in the previous example,
+ the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted in TeX-mode before the formula.
- This requires that the LaTeX-package
+is inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before the formula.
+ This requires that the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
calc
\series default
\series bold
calc
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! calc
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+calc
\end_layout
\end_inset
- was loaded in LaTeX-preamble with the line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ was loaded in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-One gets:
+One gets:
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
- To get back to the predefined distance,
+ To get restore
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+jot
+\series default
+ to its original value,
+
\series bold
\backslash
Column Separation
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Column-Separation"
+name "subsec:Column-Separation"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! Column separation
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Column separation
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Multiline formulas form a matrix.
- A formula in the eqnarray environment is for example a matrix with three
- columns.
- By changing the column separation in this environment, the space beside
- the relation sign can be changed.
+ A formula in the eqnarray environment for example is a matrix with three columns.
+ By changing the column separation in this environment,
+ the space beside the relation sign can be changed.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
arraycolsep
\end_layout
\end_inset
- according to:
-\begin_inset Newline newline
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
-column separation = 2
+ according to the formula:
+ column separation = 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Thus, the command
+Thus,
+ the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation
- of 2
+inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode,
+ sets all following formula column separations to 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm.
- To get back to the predefined distance,
+ To return to the predefined distance,
+
\series bold
\backslash
cm column separation:
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
pt:
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Long Formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! long
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+long
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-When one side of the equation is much shorter than the line width, this
- one is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two
- lines:
+If one side of an equation is much shorter than the line width,
+ this is chosen for the left side and the right side is typeset over two lines:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray}
H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
\end_inset
-The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear
- as an operator because it is the first character of the line.
- Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished
- from the fraction bar.
- To avoid this, 3
+The minus sign at the beginning of the second line does normally not appear as an operator because it is the first character of the line.
+ Thus it would not be surrounded by space and could not be distinguished from the fraction bar.
+ To avoid this,
+ a 3
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-for more about
+For more about
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! H !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+H
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
hspace
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-When both sides of the equation are too long, the command
+When both sides of the equation are long,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
lefteqn
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is used.
- It is inserted in the first column of the first line and causes all further
- insertions to overwrite the following columns:
+ It is inserted in the first column of the first line and causes all further insertions to overwrite the following columns:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
\backslash
lefteqn
\series default
-, the cursor is in a purple box that is a bit shifted to the left from the
- blue one.
- In this the formula is inserted.
+,
+ the cursor is in a purple box that is shifted a bit to the left from the blue one.
+ The formula is inserted there.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-The content of the further lines is inserted to the second or another formula
- column.
- The greater the column number where it was inserted, the larger the indentation.
+The content of additional lines is inserted in the second or another formula column.
+ The greater the insertion column number ,
+ the larger the indentation.
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $-B^{2}$
\end_inset
- is added to the first line in the above example, it would have been outside
- the page margin.
- To better use the width, negative space can be inserted at the beginning
- of the first line.
+ is added to the first line in the above example,
+ it would have been outside the page margin.
+ To better use the width,
+ negative space can be inserted at the beginning of the first line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Due to a bug in LyX the cursor cannot be set with the mouse into the first
- line.
+Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+ the cursor cannot be set with the mouse in the first line.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #1429"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1429"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/1429"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- One can only set the cursor at the beginning of the line and move it with
- the arrow keys.
+ One can only set the cursor at the beginning of the line and move it with the arrow keys.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Other methods to set long formulas are offered by the environments described
- in
+Other methods to set long formulas are offered by the environments described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multline-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Multline-Environment"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
and
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+reference "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
Multiline Fractions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Fractions"
+name "subsec:Multiline-Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fractions ! multiline
+Fractions
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction
- is so long that the fraction does not fit into one line.
+There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction is so long that the fraction does not fit on one line.
It is then necessary to add a line break within the fraction.
This can be done using the command
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
splitfrac
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
- To activate it, set in the document settings under
+ To activate it,
+ go to the document settings under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ and set its option to
\family sans
Load
\begin_inset space ~
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-and is used as denominator and/or numerator:
+and is used for either the denominator or numerator:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Multiline Brackets
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Brackets"
+name "subsec:Multiline-Brackets"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Brackets ! for multiline expressions
+Brackets
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+for multiline expressions
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The closing bracket is smaller than the opening bracket because brackets
- with variable size may not span multiple lines.
+The closing bracket is smaller than the opening bracket because brackets with variable size may not span multiple lines.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To set the bracket size for the second line correctly, the first line is
- ended with
+To set the bracket size for the second line correctly,
+ the first line is ended with
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
right
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and the second line with
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-for more about
+For more about
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! L !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+L
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
left
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
.
After
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! V !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+V
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
vphantom
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is inserted, because the multiplication operator with its limits is the
- largest symbol in the first line and this should be the size for the bracket
- in the second line.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is inserted,
+ because the multiplication operator with its limits is the largest symbol in the first line and this should be the size for the bracket in the second line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
Align environments consist of columns.
- The odd columns are right aligned, the even ones left aligned.
+ The odd columns are right aligned,
+ the even ones left aligned.
Every line in an Align environment can be numbered.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Align environments are created via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
.
With the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Change Formula Type
\family default
- already existing formulas can be converted to Align environments.
+ pre-existing formulas can be converted to Align environments.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons
+To add or delete columns,
+ use the math toolbar buttons
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
+arg "tabular-feature append-column"
\end_inset
or
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
-arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
+arg "tabular-feature delete-column"
\end_inset
-, respectively, or the menu
+ respectively,
+ or the menu option
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
Rows & Columns
\family default
can be used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
-Standard align Environment
+Standard Align Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Standard-align-Environment"
+name "subsec:Standard-align-Environment"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! align environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+align environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This Align environment is created by pressing
+This align environment is created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
in a formula or by the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
AMS align Environment
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An example for two formulas set side by side, that are created with a four
- column align environment:
+An example for two formulas set side by side,
+ that are created with a four column align environment:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{align*}
A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
\end_inset
-As it can be seen, the formulas in this environment are placed so as if
- there would be a
+As it can be seen,
+ the formulas in this environment are placed so as if there would be a
\series bold
\backslash
hfill
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-more about
+For more about
\series bold
\backslash
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series bold
Indented
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-formula styles see
+For formula styles see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
- is used, the formula is set without the
+ is used,
+ the formula is set without the
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Alignat Environment
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! alignat environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+alignat environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The alignat environment has no predefined column separation.
- It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described
+ It can be inserted manually with the spaces that are described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Space"
+reference "subsec:Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The above example in the alignat environment where 1
+The above example is shown in the alignat environment where 1
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-Because the column separation can be set separately for every column, this
- environment is especially suitable to set three and more formulas side
- by side.
+Because the column separation can be set separately for every column,
+ this environment is especially suitable to set three or more formulas side by side.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Flalign Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+name "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! flalign environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+flalign environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In this environment the first two columns are always set as much as possible
- to the left and the last two ones to the right.
+In this environment the first column is always set to the left as much as possible and the last one to the right.
An example:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{flalign*}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an
- empty TeX-brace is inserted to the last column, several formulas in a document
- can be set to the left, although the formula style
+By creating a flalign environment with an odd number of columns where an empty \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace is inserted in the last column,
+ several formulas in a document can be set to the left,
+ although the formula style
\series bold
Centered
\series default
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:VolInt"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint_{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\series bold
Indented
\series default
-, 30
+,
+ a 30
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Eqnarray Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+name "subsec:Eqnarray-Environment"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! eqnarray environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+eqnarray environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When this environment has been created, three blue boxes appear.
- The content of the first box is right aligned, the content of the last
- one left aligned.
- The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller, because
- it is designed to insert there only relation characters.
+When this environment is created,
+ three blue boxes appear.
+ The content of the first box is right aligned,
+ the content of the last box left aligned.
+ The content of the middle box appears centered and a bit smaller because it is intended for relational characters only.
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
\begin_layout Subsection
Gather Environment
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! gather environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+gather environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This environment consists of only one centered column.
+This environment consists of one centered column.
Every line can be numbered.
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{gather}
Multline Environment
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multline-Environment"
+name "subsec:Multline-Environment"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! multline environment
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multline environment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The multline environment consists, like the gather environment, of only
- one column.
- But the first line is left aligned, the last one right aligned.
+The multline environment consists,
+ like the gather environment,
+ of one column.
+ But the first line is left aligned,
+ the last one right aligned.
All other lines are centered.
Therefore this environment is suitable for long formulas.
- As example formula
+ Using example formula
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:lefteqn"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the output only the last (first) line of a multline environment appears
- numbered when the document numbering is right (left).
+In the output,
+ only the last line of a multline environment appears numbered when the document numbering is on the right .
+ If the document numbering is on the left then only the first line will appear numbered.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-numbering styles see
+For numbering styles see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
shoveright
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
and
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
shoveleft
\end_layout
\end_inset
- a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ a centered line can be right or left aligned,
+ respectively.
The commands are used as follows:
\end_layout
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+M
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
multlinegap
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-was inserted in TeX-mode before:
+was inserted in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode before:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
Multiline Formula Parts
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
+name "subsec:Multiline-Formula-Parts"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! formula parts
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+formula parts
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines, one of the following
- environments is used:
+To display only parts of a formula with multiple lines,
+ one of the following environments is used:
+
\series bold
aligned
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
alignedat
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
gathered
\series default
.
They can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Math
\family default
or by using the commands described in this section.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline
- formula environments, but it is possible to set further formula parts beside
- them.
+The first three have the same properties as the corresponding multiline formula environments,
+ but it is possible to set additional formula parts beside them.
An example:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To get this formula, a displayed formula is created where the command
+To get this formula,
+ a displayed formula is created where the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
aligned
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is inserted.
- A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
- lines can be added.
- Outside the multiline environment other formula parts can be set, like
- the brace.
+ A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and lines can be added.
+ Outside the multiline environment other formula parts can be set,
+ like the brace.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The aligned environment is also suitable for long formulas whose lines are
- horizontally aligned.
- Using aligned in a displayed formula has the advantage that the formula
- number is vertically centered behind the lines.
- As example formula
+The aligned environment is also suitable for long formulas whose lines are horizontally aligned.
+ Using aligned in a displayed formula has the advantage that the formula number is vertically centered behind the lines.
+ For example here is formula
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:shortlong"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series bold
alignedat
\series default
-,
+,
+
\series bold
gathered
\series default
-, or
+,
+ or
\series bold
split
\series default
-, the command
+,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
,
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
alignedat
\end_layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\series bold
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! G !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+G
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
gathered
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, or
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ or
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
split
\end_layout
\end_inset
- are inserted, respectively.
- The split environment has the same properties as the aligned environment
- but it can only have two columns.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ are inserted,
+ respectively.
+ The split environment has the same properties as the aligned environment but it can only have two columns.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Text in multiline Formulas
+Text in Multiline Formulas
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-in-multiline"
+name "subsec:Text-in-multiline"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text ! in formulas
+Text
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! multiline ! text
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In the Align environments, and the multline and gather environment, text
- can be inserted that will appear in a separate line and doesn't affect
- the column alignment.
- To do this, the command
+In the align environments as well as the multline and gather environment,
+ text can be inserted that will appear in a separate line and doesn't affect the column alignment.
+ To do this,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! I !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+I
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
intertext
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
is used in the following scheme:
\begin_layout Standard
The text should not be longer than a line because it cannot be hyphenated.
- As LyX doesn't yet support
+ As \SpecialChar LyX
+ doesn't yet support
\series bold
\backslash
intertext
\series default
- directly, the text is written as mathematical text.
-
+ directly,
+ the text is written as mathematical text.
+ Therefore
\series bold
\backslash
intertext
\series default
- must hereby be at the beginning of a line and appears in the output above
- this line.
+ must be at the beginning of a line and will appear in the output above this line.
An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{align}
intertext
\series default
always creates some vertical space between the text and the formula lines.
- To avoid this space, set in the document settings under
+ To avoid this space,
+ in the document settings under
\family sans
Math
\begin_inset space ~
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathtools
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mathtools
\end_layout
\end_inset
- the option
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ set the option to
\family sans
Load
\begin_inset space ~
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+S
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
shortintertext
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
instead of
\begin_layout Section
Formula Numbering
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! numbering|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+numbering
\end_layout
\end_inset
-Formula numbering
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro see
+status open
-}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Numbered formulas can be created with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Numbered
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Formula
\family default
(shortcut
-\family sans
-Ctrl+Alt
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "command-sequence math-display; math-number-toggle;"
\end_inset
-N
-\family default
).
Existing formulas can be numbered with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Numbering
+Whole
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Formula
\family default
(shortcut
\begin_inset Info
\end_inset
).
- The formula number is displayed in LyX behind the formula as a number sign
- in parentheses.
- The number sign is replaced in the output by the formula number.
+ The formula number is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ behind the formula as a number in parentheses.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas, all lines will be numbered.
+When numbering is turned on in multiline formulas,
+ all formulas will be numbered.
But the numbering can be controlled with the menu
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Toggle
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Numbering
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Number
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-of
+This
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
arg "math-number-line-toggle"
\end_inset
-) for every line.
+) for every formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Except for inline formulas, all formulas can be numbered with two different
- styles, see
+Except for inline formulas,
+ all formulas can be numbered with two different styles,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Cross-references ! to formulas
+Cross-references
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+to formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
All labeled formulas can be cross-referenced.
- A label is added by the menu
+ A label is added with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
\end_inset
.
- The cursor must hereby be inside a displayed formula.
+ The cursor must be inside a displayed formula.
Alternatively you can right-click on the formula and choose
\family sans
Equation Label
A dialog pops up displaying the prefix
\series bold
eq:
+
\series default
in a text field.
- The label is inserted there behind the prefix.
+ The label is inserted behind the prefix.
The predefined prefix means
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- and makes it easier to find labels in large documents because it marks
- it as formula label to divide it from e.
+ and makes it easier to find labels in large documents because it marks it as a formula label to distinguish it from e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
section labels.
- To change a label, the menu
+ To change a label,
+ the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Label
\family default
- is used again or you right-click on a formula and then on
+ is used again or you can right-click on a formula and then on
\family sans
Equation Label
\family default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The name of the label is displayed in LyX within two parentheses behind
- formula.
+The name of the label is displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+ within parentheses behind the formula number.
A formula with a label is always numbered.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Cross-references are inserted via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Cross-Reference
\family default
or with the toolbar button
\series bold
(<reference>)
\series default
- is chosen, the cross-reference appears in the output as formula number
- in parentheses.
+ is chosen,
+ the cross-reference appears in the output as formula number in parentheses.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-By right-clicking on a cross-reference in LyX, one jumps to the formula
- that is referenced.
+By right-clicking on a cross-reference in \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+ one jumps to the formula that is referenced.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:tag"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:c"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:Lat"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "eq:Rom"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+reference "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
contains a box like in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Paragraph-Boxes"
+reference "subsec:Paragraph-Boxes"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-, the formula cannot be referenced.
+,
+ the formula cannot be referenced.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Subnumbering
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula numbering ! subnumbering
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+subnumbering
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-With the help of the commands
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-begin{subequations}
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-\backslash
-end{subequations}
-\series default
- formulas can be subnumbered.
- Both commands are inserted in TeX-mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-An example:
+Formulas can be numbered as subequations.
+ To activate this feature,
+ add the module
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ to the document in the menu
+\family sans
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Modules
+\family default
+.
+ To insert subequations use the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Custom Insets\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Subequations
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The equations to be subnumbered are put into the
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ inset.
+ An example:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+A=C-B
\end{equation}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-addtocounter{equation}{-1}
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Flex Subequations
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-begin{subequations}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
B=C-A\label{eq:b}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-end{subequations}
-\end_layout
-
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create the example, the following is done:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-first formula is inserted
+Every formula in the
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ inset will be subnumbered with a,
+ b,
+ c,
+ \SpecialChar ldots
+ in the output.
+ For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-addtocounter{equation}{-1}
-\backslash
-begin{subequations}
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
-\backslash
-addtocounter
-\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Referencing subequations works like normal equations:
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:b"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
+,
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:c"
+nolink "false"
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+.
+ If you want to reference the subequations collectively,
+ insert a label as first thing in the
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ inset.
+ Formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:Here-is-an"
+plural "false"
+caps "false"
+noprefix "false"
+nolink "false"
-\series default
-is inserted after the first formula
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-second formula is inserted
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-third formula is inserted
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Enumerate
-
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-end{subequations}
-\series default
- is inserted after the third formula
+ is an example.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Every formula between the commands
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-begin
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-end
-\series default
- is subnumbered as a, b,
-\begin_inset Newline linebreak
+When inserting subequations,
+ vertical space is added before the equation.
+ To remove this,
+ insert -5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-c, \SpecialChar \ldots{}
- For multiline formulas every line will be subnumbered.
- All subnumbered formulas are treated as
-\emph on
-one
-\emph default
- numbered formula.
- But as every numbered formula increases the counter
-\series bold
-equation
-\series default
- by one, the command
+mm vertical space right before the
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ inset.
+ If the formula style
\series bold
+Indented
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
-\backslash
-addtocounter
-\series default
- is needed to decrease it.
- Otherwise the formulas
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+For formula styles see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:a"
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:b"
-
-\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:c"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
- would be numbered as
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:a"
+\series default
+ is used,
+ insert -7
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:d"
+mm space instead.
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+To get another subnumber instead of small Latin letters,
+ insert this command as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code before the equations in the
+\family sans
+Subequations
+\family default
+ inset:
+\end_layout
-,
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:f"
+\begin_layout Standard
-\end_inset
+\series bold
-.
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+theparentequation -
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first
- two formulas.
- To revert this -5
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
-mm vertical space is inserted after the command
\series bold
\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+theparentequation
\series default
-.
- When the formula style
+ creates the parent number and
\series bold
-Indented
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-formula styles see
+\backslash
+roman{equation}
+\series default
+ adds a small Roman number as subnumber.
+ For more information about the customization of the numbering,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Numbering-with-Roman"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here is an example of a multiline formula where the numbering is customized and turned off for the second line:
+\begin_inset Flex Subequations
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "eq:Here-is-an"
-\series default
- is used, -7
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-mm space is inserted instead.
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Here is an example for a multiline formula where the numbering was turned
- off for the second line:
\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-begin{subequations}
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+theparentequation -
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray}
-A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
+A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\\
& = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\
- & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}
+ & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}
\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-end{subequations}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-User-defined Numbering
+Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:User-defined-Numbering"
+name "subsec:Numbering-with-Roman"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula numbering ! user-defined
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+with letters
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula numbering ! self-defined delimiters
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-With the standard numbering parentheses are set around the formula number.
- To replace the parentheses for example by vertical bars, the following
- line is added to the LaTeX-preamble:
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+with Roman numbers
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-tagform@#1{
-\backslash
-maketag@@@{|#1|}}
-\series default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This macro is already declared in the LaTeX-preamble for testing.
- To activate it, remove the percent sign at the beginning.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use other characters, the vertical bars besides the
-\series bold
-#1
-\series default
- are replaced by one ore more characters.
- To get only the formula number the vertical bars are omitted.
+Formulas can also be numbered with Roman numbers and Latin letters.
+ To number with small Roman numbers,
+ the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
-When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive
- formula number in parentheses behind the formula, the command
\series bold
\backslash
-tag
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+is inserted before the formula in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
-tag
+renewcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is used:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
-\end{equation}
+
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-In this example the command
+ redefines the predefined command
\series bold
\backslash
-tag
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
+theequation
+\series default
+ to the command
+\series bold
-something
+\backslash
+roman{equation}
\series default
- was inserted in the formula.
-\end_layout
+.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status open
-\begin_layout Standard
-When the command
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The command
\series bold
\backslash
-tag*
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
+renewcommand
+\series default
+ has the same scheme as the command
+\series bold
-something
+\backslash
+newcommand
\series default
- is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}
-\]
+ described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-
+.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections, the
- following command is used:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+equation
+\series default
+ is the formula counter.
+ When the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+the
+\series default
+ is used as prefix for a counter,
+ the value of the counter is output as Arabic number.
+ When a formula is numbered,
+ \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ sets internally the command
\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{part}
+theequation
\series default
+ behind the formula.
+
+\series bold
+\backslash
+roman{equation}
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands !
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-"
+R
\end_layout
\end_inset
-@
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-"
+\backslash
+roman
\end_layout
\end_inset
- !
-\backslash
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-"
+
+\series default
+ outputs the counter as small Roman number.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+All formulas behind the command
+\series bold
-@
-\begin_inset ERT
+\backslash
+renew
+\series default
+c
+\series bold
+ommand
+\series default
+ are now numbered Roman.
+ To switch to numbering with big Roman numbers,
+ the command is inserted again,
+ but
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+roman
+\series default
+ is replaced by
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Roman
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+R
\end_layout
\end_inset
-addtoreset
-\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-resp.
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+roman
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
-\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+Roman
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use these commands in TeX-mode, the
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-@
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
- character has to be made
+.
+ To
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-active
+number
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- for LaTeX using the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-makeatletter.
-
-\series default
- The command
+ with small Latin letters there is the command
\series bold
\backslash
-makeatother
+alph
\series default
- reverts this.
- So the command sequence in TeX-mode is:
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\backslash
-@addtoreset{equation}{section}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-makeatother
+alph
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-In the LaTeX-preamble
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-\backslash
-makeatother
-\series default
- can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by LyX.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To revert
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ for big ones there is the command
\series bold
\backslash
-@addtoreset
-\series default
-, the file
-\series bold
-remreset.sty
+Alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-\series bold
-remreset
-\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-carlisle
-\series default
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset IndexMacro sortkey
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! carlisle
+
+\backslash
+alph
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+
+\backslash
+Alph
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! remreset
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+
+\series default
+ Only a maximum of 26
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
\backslash
-usepackage{remreset}
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+roman{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Then the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
-\backslash
-@removefromreset
-\series default
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands !
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-"
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+Roman{equation}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-@
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-"
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+alph{equation}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
- !
-\backslash
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-"
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+Alph{equation}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-@
-\begin_inset ERT
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To switch back to the default numbering,
+ insert the command:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
-removefromreset
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
- can be used with the same scheme as
-\series bold
-\backslash
-@addtoreset
-\series default
-.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Sometimes formulas should be numbered in the following form:
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+renewcommand{
+\backslash
+theequation}{
+\backslash
+arabic{equation}}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
+
+\end_inset
+
-\family typewriter
-(section number.formula number)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The formula number should start with every section with
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+As you see,
+ formulas are numbered serially independent from the numbering style.
+ When then numbering should start with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ when the style is changed,
+ new equation counters have to be defined.
+ A description of this can be found in the file
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Formula-numbering.lyx"
+target "run:Formula-numbering.lyx"
+type "other"
+literal "false"
+
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+User-defined Numbering
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "subsec:User-defined-Numbering"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+user-defined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-For this case there is the command
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\series bold
+Note:
-\backslash
-numberwithin
\series default
+ If the document language is a right-to-left language such as Arabic,
+ you must add this to the to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble to be able to use the commands described in this section:
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+AtBeginDocument{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+tagform@#1{
+\backslash
+maketag@@@{(
+\backslash
+ignorespaces#1
+\backslash
+unskip)}} }
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! N !
-\backslash
-numberwithin
+Formula numbering
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+self-defined delimiters
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, which is used with the following scheme:
+With standard numbering,
+ parentheses are set around a formula number.
+ To replace the parentheses for example with vertical bars,
+ the following line is added to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin{counter}{sectioning}
+AtBeginDocument{
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Counter denotes what kind of numbering is affected, sectioning denotes what
- number is before the dot.
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+def
+\backslash
+tagform@#1{
+\backslash
+maketag@@@{|#1|}} }
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This macro is already declared in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble for testing.
+ To activate it,
+ remove the percent signs at the beginning.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or TeX code line is used:
+To use other characters,
+ the vertical bars besides the
+\series bold
+#1
+\series default
+ are replaced by one or more characters.
+ To display only the formula number the vertical bars are omitted.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+When there should be an expression of your choice instead of the consecutive formula number in parentheses behind the formula,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin{equation}{section}
-\end_layout
+tag
+\series default
-\begin_layout Standard
-This is the result:
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-numberwithin{equation}{section}
+tag
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is used:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
-A+B=C
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
+In this example the command
+\series bold
+\backslash
+tag
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+something
+\series default
+ was inserted in the formula.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To number e.
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
-\end_inset
+When the command
+\series bold
-g.
-\begin_inset space \space{}
+\backslash
+tag*
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-tables so that the number of the part is the sectioning,
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
+something
+\series default
+ is inserted instead,
+ the parentheses are removed:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
+\end_inset
-\series bold
-\backslash
-numberwithin{table}{part}
-\series default
- is used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering
- when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted
- as TeX code or to the LaTeX-preamble:
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+To restart the formula numbering with new document parts or sections,
+ the following command is used:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
+@addtoreset{equation}{part}
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
-\backslash
-arabic
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+"
\end_layout
\end_inset
+@
+\end_layout
-\series default
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+"
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
+\end_inset
+
+@addtoreset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\series bold
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+resp.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use these commands in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode,
+ the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+@
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ character has to be made
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+active
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ for \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter.
\series default
-or
+ The command
\series bold
+\backslash
+makeatother
+\series default
+ disables this.
+ So the command sequence in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+makeatletter
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-thetable}{
-\backslash
-arabic{table}}
+makeatother
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+In the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble
+\series bold
+\backslash
+makeatletter
+\series default
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
-numberwithin
+makeatother
\series default
- uses internally the command
+ can be omitted as they are automatically internally inserted by \SpecialChar LyX
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To revert
\series bold
\backslash
@addtoreset
\series default
-, described above, that also needs to be reverted.
-\begin_inset ERT
+,
+ the file
+\series bold
+remreset.sty
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+remreset
+\series default
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
+\series bold
+carlisle
+\series default
-\backslash
-makeatletter
-\end_layout
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-@removefromreset{equation}{section}
-\end_layout
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-makeatother
+carlisle
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula numbering ! with letters
+ that is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula numbering ! with Roman numbers
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+remreset
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Formulas can also be numbered with Roman numbers and Latin letters.
- To number for example with small Roman numbers, the command
+\end_inset
+
+ has to be loaded in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble with the line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-roman{equation}}
+usepackage{remreset}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is inserted before the formula in TeX-mode.
-
+Then the command
\series bold
\backslash
-renewcommand
+@removefromreset
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
-\backslash
-renewcommand
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- redefines the predefined command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-theequation
-\series default
- to the command
-\series bold
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-\backslash
-roman{equation}
-\series default
-.
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-renewcommand
-\series default
- has the same scheme like the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-newcommand
-\series default
- that is described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+"
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+@
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
-equation
-\series default
- is the formula counter.
- When the command
-\series bold
-\backslash
-the
-\series default
- is used as prefix for a counter, the value of the counter is output as
- Arabic number.
- When a formula is numbered, LaTeX sets internally the command
-\series bold
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-\backslash
-theequation
-\series default
- behind the formula.
-
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-roman{equation}
-\begin_inset Index idx
+
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
-\backslash
-roman
+
+"
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
- outputs the counter as small Roman number.
+@removefromreset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-All formulas behind the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-renew
-\series default
-c
-\series bold
-ommand
-\series default
- are now numbered Roman.
- To switch to numbering with big Roman numbers, the command is inserted
- again, but
-\series bold
-\backslash
-roman
-\series default
- is replaced by
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used with the same scheme as
\series bold
\backslash
-Roman
+@addtoreset
\series default
+.
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! R !
-\backslash
-roman@
-\backslash
-Roman
+Sometimes formulas should be numbered in the following form:
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
-.
- To
+\family typewriter
+(section number.formula number)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The formula number should start with every section with
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
-number
+1
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- with small Latin letters there is the command
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For this case there is the command
\series bold
\backslash
-alph
+numberwithin
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
-\backslash
-alph
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+N
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, for big ones there is the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-Alph
-\series default
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
-\backslash
-alph@
+
\backslash
-Alph
+numberwithin
\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+,
+ which is used with the following scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
-\color none
-Note:
-\series default
- Only maximal 26
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
+\backslash
+numberwithin{counter}{sectioning}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+Counter denotes what kind of numbering is affected,
+ sectioning denotes what the number before the dot is.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Thus in our case the following \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble or \SpecialChar TeX
+ code line is used:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
+\series bold
+\backslash
+numberwithin{equation}{section}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+This is the result:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-roman{equation}}
+numberwithin{equation}{section}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}
+A+B=C
\end{equation}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+To number e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space \space{}
+\end_inset
+
+ tables so that the number of the part is the sectioning,
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+numberwithin{table}{part}
+\series default
+ is used.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering when it is defined by the document class,
+ the following command is inserted as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code or to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ preamble:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
theequation}{
\backslash
-Roman{equation}}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
+arabic{equation}}
+\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
-\end{equation}
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+A
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
\backslash
-alph{equation}}
+arabic
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}
-\end{equation}
+\end_layout
\end_inset
+\series default
+
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
theequation}{
\backslash
-Alph{equation}}
+arabic{equation}}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
-\end{equation}
+\series bold
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-To switch back to the default numbering, insert the command:
-\end_layout
+\series default
+or
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
-\series bold
\backslash
renewcommand{
\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! A !
+thetable}{
\backslash
-arabic
+arabic{table}}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Standard
+\series bold
-\end_layout
+\backslash
+numberwithin
+\series default
+ internally uses the command
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Standard
+\backslash
+@addtoreset
+\series default
+,
+ described above,
+ and would also need to be reverted.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-renewcommand{
-\backslash
-theequation}{
-\backslash
-arabic{equation}}
+makeatletter
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula
-\begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}
-\end{equation}
+\backslash
+@removefromreset{equation}{section}
+\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+makeatother
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace medskip
-\end_inset
-
-As you see, formulas are numbered serially independent from the numbering
- style.
- When then numbering should start with
-\begin_inset Quotes eld
-\end_inset
-
-1
-\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- when the style is changed, new equation counters have to be defined.
- A description about this can be found in the file
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Formula-numbering.lyx"
-target "run:Formula-numbering.lyx"
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Chemical Symbols and Equations
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Chemical-Symbols-and"
+name "subsec:Chemical-Symbols-and"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Chemical characters ! Symbols
+Chemical characters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Symbols
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Symbols ! chemical
+Symbols
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+chemical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
The chemical equation for this is:
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\mathrm{2\,Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This chemical equation can directly be created as formula.
- To avoid that the symbols appear italic, everything is highlighted and
- changed by the shortcut
+Chemical equations can be created as formulas.
+ To avoid the symbols appearing in italic,
+ everything is highlighted and changed by the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-roman"
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-font styles
+For font styles
\series bold
\series default
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
-
+A more convenient way to typeset chemical formulas is to use the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
ce
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is available when the LaTeX-package
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which is available when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mhchem
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+mhchem
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
ce
\series default
- to a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted
- in an intuitive way.
+ in a formula a new blue box appears where chemical formulas can be inserted in an intuitive way.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{H2CO3}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{H2CO3}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{SO4^{2-}}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{SO4^{2-}}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{(NH4)2S}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{(NH4)2S}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{KCr(SO4)2.12H2O}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{A-B\dbond C\tbond D}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{_{90}^{227}Th+}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-CO2
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-+
+\backslash
+mu
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-C
-\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
-\end_inset
-<=>
+\backslash
+hyphen
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-2CO
+Cl
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{\ensuremath{\mu\hyphen}Cl}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-->[
-\backslash
-alpha][
-\backslash
-beta]
+<=>
\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-2CO}
+2CO
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C <=> 2CO}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\series bold
-\color none
-Note:
-\series default
- Inserting a formula to a
-\series bold
-
\backslash
ce
-\series default
- box will lead to LaTeX errors due to a LyX bug.
-\color inherit
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+CO2
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "LyX-bug #8566"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/8566"
++
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+C
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+->[
+\backslash
+alpha][
+\backslash
+beta]
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+2CO}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\color none
- In this case TeX code has to be used like for
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-ce{$
-\backslash
-mu
-\backslash
-hyphen$Cl}
-\series default
-:
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{CO2 + C ->[\alpha][\beta] 2CO}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-ce{$
-\backslash
-mu
-\backslash
-hyphen$Cl}
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
-\color none
Note:
+
\series default
- It is not possible in LyX to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as
- described in the
+ It is not possible in \SpecialChar LyX
+ to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as described in the
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
\backslash
uparrow
\series default
-:
+:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\ce{Fe + 2H+ -> Fe^{2+} + H2\negthinspace\uparrow}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:chem-reaction"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create multiline chemical equations first a multiline formula is created
- as described in
+To create multiline chemical equations first a multiline formula is created as described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-1"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:TEOS-reaction-2"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
- are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation
- has its own number.
+ are an example of a multi-stage chemical reaction where every equation has its own number.
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{eqnarray}
\ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
cf
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that has to be used for special cases.
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ that is used for special cases.
For more information about
\series bold
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
-,
+,
+
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "mhchem"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ supports two types of commutative diagrams:
+
\series bold
amscd
\series default
\series bold
xymatrix
\series default
- that are explained in the following.
+ and are explained below.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Amscd Diagrams
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams ! amscd
+Diagrams
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+amscd
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
- or arrows:
+Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines or arrows:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To get them, the command
+To create them,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
CD
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! C !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
CD
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\series default
is inserted to a formula.
- A blue box appears with two dashed lines where further commands can be
- inserted.
+ A blue box appears with two dashed lines where additional commands can be inserted.
With
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
\end_inset
a new line is created.
- Horizontal relations are inserted in odd, vertical in even formula lines.
+ Horizontal relations are inserted in odd formula lines,
+ vertical in even formula lines.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create the relations there are the following commands:
+To create the relations use the following commands:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series bold
@<<<
\series default
- creates a left arrow,
+ creates a left arrow,
+
\series bold
@>>>
\series default
\series bold
@AAA
\series default
- creates an up arrow,
+ creates an up arrow,
+
\series bold
@VVV
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-If text inserted between the first and second < or >, resp., it is placed
- above the arrow.
- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears under
- the arrow.
+If text inserted between the first and second < or >,
+ resp.,
+ it is placed above the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one,
+ it appears under the arrow.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A
- or V, resp., it is placed left beside the arrow.
- When it is inserted between the second and third one, it appears right
- beside the arrow.
- If the text contains an A or V, these letters must be set into a TeX-brace.
+When text for vertical arrows is inserted between the first and second A or V,
+ resp.,
+ it is placed left beside the arrow.
+ When it is inserted between the second and third one,
+ it appears right beside the arrow.
+ If the text contains an A or V,
+ these letters must be set into a \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Subsection
Xymatrix Diagrams
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams ! xymatrix
+Diagrams
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+xymatrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
+To be able to use xymatrices,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
xypic
\series default
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Matrices"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In contrary to amscd diagrams, xymatrices supports diagonal and curved arrows,
+Contrary to amscd diagrams,
+ xymatrices support diagonal and curved arrows,
and much more.
- All possibilities to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained
- in detail in the
+ The commands used to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained in detail in the
\emph on
XY-pic manual
\emph default
- that you find in the menu
+ found in the menu
\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\noun default
Diagrams
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams ! Feynman
+Diagrams
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Feynman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\noun on
Feynman
\noun default
--diagrams, the LaTeX-package
+-diagrams,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
feyn
\series default
Diagram
\series default
in a formula.
- Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ Then you will be able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Matrices"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Examples how to create
+Examples of how to create
\noun on
Feynman-
\noun default
-diagrams in LyX is given in the
+diagrams in \SpecialChar LyX
+ are given in the
\emph on
-Feynman-diagram manual
+Feynman-diagram
\emph default
- that you find in the menu
+ manual that you find in the menu
\family sans
-Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Help\SpecialChar menuseparator
Specific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
User-defined Commands
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
- The names of user-defined commands and macros may only consist of Latin
- letters.
+ The names of user-defined commands and macros may only consist of Latin letters.
\end_layout
\end_inset
newcommand
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+name "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-User-defined commands !
+User-defined commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! N !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+N
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
newcommand
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Many LaTeX-commands are too long to be used frequently.
+Many \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands are too long to be used frequently.
But it is possible to define with the command
\series bold
\series bold
Note:
+
\series default
- Assure that the name of the new command is not already used in your document
- or by LaTeX-packages that you use.
- When you for example define the command
+ Verify that the name of the new command is not already used in your document or by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-packages that you use.
+ If you for example define the command
\series bold
\backslash
\backslash
Leftarrow
\series default
-, you get an error message because
+,
+ you will get an error message because
\series bold
\backslash
9 and specifies how many arguments the new command should have.
With the optional value a value for an optional argument can be predefined.
- When this is done, the
+ When this is done,
+ the
\emph on
first
\emph default
\backslash
Longrightarrow
\series default
-, the LaTeX-preamble line is:
+,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line is:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\backslash
underline
\series default
-, the argument (that should be underlined) must be taken into account.
+,
+ the argument (that should be underlined) must be taken into account.
For this the preamble line is:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\series bold
#
\series default
- acts as argument placeholder, the
+ acts as argument placeholder,
+ the
\series bold
1
\series default
\backslash
framebox
\series default
-, see
+,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Boxes-with-Frame"
+reference "subsec:Boxes-with-Frame"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\backslash
fcolorbox
\series default
- where the color for the box need not be specified, the argument for the
- color is defined optional:
+ where the color for the box need not be specified,
+ the argument for the color is defined optional:
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
\backslash
cb
\series default
-, the predefined color
+,
+ the predefined color
\series bold
white
\series default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\us{ABcd}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cb{red}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm" bottomspace="1mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+As is obvious,
+ commands defined in the preamble do not display `nicely' in LyX itself.
+ Most such commands can be defined in LyX using `math macros',
+ however,
+ which we are about to explain,
+ and these do display nicely.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Math Macros
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-User-defined commands! Math macros
+User-defined commands!
+ Math macros
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
User-defined commands are especially convenient for complex expressions.
- When you are for example dealing with a document that has quadratic equations,
+ For example if you are dealing with a document that has quadratic equations,
the same solution type occurs several times.
The general form of a quadratic equation is
\begin_inset Formula
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To define a command for the solution formula where only the three parameters
-
+To define a command for the solution formula where only the three parameters
\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
-,
+,
+
\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\lambda$
\end_inset
- can be given optionally, the LaTeX-preamble line is
+ can be given optionally,
+ the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line is
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create with this the solution formula, the command
+To create with this the solution formula,
+ the command
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The definition of the new command is unintuitive because one has to know
- the schemes of all used LaTeX commands, e.
+The definition of the new command is unintuitive because one has to know the schemes of all used \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ commands,
+ e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
-that a fraction is inserted in LaTeX as
+that a fraction is inserted in \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ as
\series bold
\backslash
frac{numerator}{denominator}
\series default
.
- Furthermore one can easily forget a brace in the definition and cannot
- see in LyX what the new command is doing.
- To avoid these problems LyX offers the possibility to use math macros instead
- of the command
+ Furthermore one can easily forget a brace in the definition and cannot see in \SpecialChar LyX
+ what the new command is doing.
+ To avoid these problems \SpecialChar LyX
+ offers the possibility to use math macros instead of the command
\series bold
\backslash
\begin_layout Standard
A math macro is created by using the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\family default
or the toolbar button
\end_inset
.
- The math macro toolbar appears together with the following box where the
- macro is defined:
+ The math macro toolbar appears together with the following box where the macro is defined:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/macrobox.png
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\backslash
-newmacroname is the default name of the macro that should be changed to
- something sensible.
+newmacroname is the default name of the macro that should be changed to something sensible.
The wanted formula is inserted in the first blue box.
An argument placeholder is inserted with the command
\series bold
\backslash
#argumentnumber
\series default
-, e.
+,
+ e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
.
- The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with
- the toolbar button
+ The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with the toolbar button
\begin_inset Info
type "icon"
arg "math-macro-make-optional"
\end_inset
.
- In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in LyX can be defined.
- Normally you want to see it as it is defined, so the box is kept empty.
+ In the second blue box the appearance of the macro in \SpecialChar LyX
+ can be defined.
+ Normally you want to see it as it is defined,
+ so the box is kept empty.
But when you have created a macro that needs lot of space on the screen,
you can insert in the box for example
\begin_inset Newline newline
\series bold
-qG:
+qG:
+
\backslash
#1
\series default
\series bold
,
+
\series default
\series bold
\series bold
,
+
\series default
\series bold
\backslash
-#3,
+#3,
+
\backslash
#4
\begin_inset Newline newline
\series default
-For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will
- then be displayed in LyX, leading to a better overview.
+For the macro only the arguments with the macro name in front of them will then be displayed in \SpecialChar LyX
+,
+ leading to a better overview.
The formula appears in the output as defined in the first box.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-The appearance of macros in formulas can furthermore be changed for single
- macros by setting the cursor in the macro and using the menu
+The appearance of macros in formulas can furthermore be changed for single macros by setting the cursor in the macro and using the menu
\family sans
-View\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+View\SpecialChar menuseparator
(Un)fold
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use a macro, the macro name is inserted as command to a formula, in our
- case
+To use a macro,
+ the macro name is inserted as command to a formula,
+ in our case
\series bold
\backslash
qG
\series default
.
- Our macro looks in LyX like this:
+ Our macro looks in \SpecialChar LyX
+ like this:
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Graphics
filename clipart/macrouse.png
+ scale 95
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $x$
\end_inset
-,
+,
+
\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX offers in the menu
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers in the menu
\family sans
-Tools\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Preferences\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Editing\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Tools\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Preferences\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Editing\SpecialChar menuseparator
Control
\family default
different styles to edit macros.
- To find the style that suits you the most, choose a style and set the cursor
- in a macro formula to see the difference.
+ To find the style that suits you best,
+ choose a style and set the cursor in a macro formula to see the difference.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
newcommand
\series default
- command is not placed in the LaTeX-preamble, therefore macros can only
- be used in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition
- box.
+ command is not placed in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble,
+ therefore macros can only be used in formulas that are in the document below the macro definition box.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
-in LyX as normal text, highlighting it completely and using then the shortcut
-
+in \SpecialChar LyX
+ as normal text,
+ highlighting it completely and using the shortcut
\family sans
Ctrl+M
\family default
-, the command will be transformed to a math macro.
+,
+ the command will be transformed to a math macro.
Using this method you need to be careful that the
\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
\series default
- command is typed correctly, otherwise you get a faulty macro leading to
- LaTeX errors.
+ command is typed correctly,
+ otherwise you get a faulty macro leading to \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ errors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Math macros currently have the problem that further formulas in macro definition
-s are handled wrongly.
+Math macros currently have the problem that further formulas in macro definitions are handled wrong.
Therefore the example
\series bold
from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:The-Command-newcommand"
+reference "subsec:The-Command-newcommand"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When the cursor is in a macro definition box, you will see the macro toolbar
- in LyX:
+When the cursor is in a macro definition box,
+ you will see the macro toolbar in \SpecialChar LyX
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Macros ! Toolbar
+Macros
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Toolbar
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Last Argument
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Argument
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Transform First Non-Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Transform Last Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Optional Argument
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Insert Optional Argument
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Remove Last Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
Append Optional Argument
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Macro
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Definition\SpecialChar menuseparator
\end_layout
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Math Macros for External Commands
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sometimes,
+ you may need to use a LaTeX package which defines a math command that is not natively supported in LyX.
+ This is easy enough to do:
+ Just include the package in the preamble and type out the command in math.
+ As with commands defined in the preamble,
+ however,
+ the display in LyX will not be `nice'.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+As of LyX 2.4,
+ this problem has been solved.
+ Just define a math macro with empty LaTeX slot!
+ The LyX part will be used for display,
+ but no corresponding LaTeX will be output.
+ For example,
+ the
+\begin_inset Flex Code
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+godelnum.sty
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ package defines a Godelnum macro that puts a single argument into corner quotes.
+ To get a nice LyX display of this macro,
+ just do:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset FormulaMacro
+\newcommand{\Godelnum}[1]{}
+{\ulcorner#1\urcorner}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The same trick,
+ of course,
+ can be used for commands defined in the preamble.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Computer Algebra Systems
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's
- math editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in \SpecialChar LyX
+'s math editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
Currently supported applications are
\family sans
Maple
\family default
-,
+,
+
\family sans
Mathematica
\family default
-,
+,
+
\family sans
Maxima
\family default
Octave
\family default
.
- Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only
- to very simple cases.
+ Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only to very simple cases.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Write some expression in a formula, go to the
+Write some expression in a formula,
+ go to the
\family sans
-Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Edit\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar menuseparator
Use Computer Algebra System
\family default
menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer.
- After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the
- expression together with the
+ After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the expression together with the
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\int\left(\frac{1}{1+x^{3}}\right)dx=-\frac{\log\left(x^{2}-x+1\right)}{6}+\frac{\arctan\left(\frac{2\,x-1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\log\left(x+1\right)}{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+
+\series default
+ One needs to use proper delimiter insets
+\begin_inset Formula $\left(\right)$
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of simple '(' ')' characters.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $powerseries\left(-\log\left(5-x\right),x,1\right)=\sum_{{\mathit{i}_{2}}=0}^{\infty}{\frac{4^{-{\mathit{i}_{2}}-1}\,\left(x-1\right)^{{\mathit{i}_{2}}+1}}{{\mathit{i}_{2}}+1}}-\log4$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $solve\left(x_{1}+y_{1}^{3}=y_{1}+x_{1}^{2},x_{1}\right)=\left[x_{1}=-\frac{\sqrt{4\,y_{1}^{3}-4\,y_{1}+1}-1}{2},x_{1}=\frac{\sqrt{4\,y_{1}^{3}-4\,y_{1}+1}+1}{2}\right]$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\family sans
math-extern
\family default
- LyX function (see the
+ \SpecialChar LyX
+ function (see the
\family sans
\emph on
-LyX Functions
+\SpecialChar LyX
+ Functions
\family default
\emph default
manual).
\begin_layout Section
Miscellaneous
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Negative Numbers
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Numbers ! negative
+Numbers
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+negative
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Negative numbers often look ugly in formulas because the minus sign before
- the number is set with the same length as the minus operator sign.
- When writing the negative number in normal text, the minus sign appears
- correctly.
+Negative numbers often look ugly in formulas because the minus sign before the number is set with the same length as the minus operator sign.
+ When writing the negative number in normal text,
+ the minus sign appears correctly.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Thus, the problem disappears when converting the minus sign to mathematical
- text.
+Thus,
+ the problem disappears when converting the minus sign to mathematical text.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="right" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Comma as decimal Separator
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In LaTeX a comma inside a formula is used, according to the English convention,
+In \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ a comma inside a formula is used,
+ according to the English convention,
as number group separator.
So there will be space added behind all commas in formulas.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To avoid this, the comma is highlighted and changed to mathematical text
- (shortcut
+To avoid this,
+ the comma is highlighted and changed to mathematical text (shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "math-mode"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To use all formula commas in the document as decimal separator, the file
-
+To use all formula commas in the document as decimal separator,
+ the file
\series bold
icomma.sty
\series default
\series bold
icomma
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
was
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! was
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+was
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! icomma
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+icomma
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Physical Vectors
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Physical-Vectors"
+name "subsec:Physical-Vectors"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Vectors ! physical
+Vectors
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+physical
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Predefined vectors are offered by the LaTeX-package
+Predefined vectors are offered by the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! braket
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+braket
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\,M_{J}}
\]
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
braket
\series default
\backslash
middle
\series default
-, that is described in
+,
+ that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+reference "subsec:Automatic-Bracket-Size"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
Self-defined Fractions
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Self-defined-Fractions"
+name "subsec:Self-defined-Fractions"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Fractions ! self-defined
+Fractions
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+self-defined
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To define custom commands for fractions, the command
+To define custom commands for fractions,
+ the command
\series bold
\backslash
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! G !
-\backslash
-genfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+G
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+genfrac
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When no style is given, the size is adjusted to the surrounding environment
- like for the command
+When no style is given,
+ the size is adjusted to the surrounding environment like for the command
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When no fraction bar thickness is given, the predefined value of 0.4
+When no fraction bar thickness is given,
+ the predefined value of 0.4
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-For example, the commands
+For example,
+ the commands
\series bold
\backslash
from
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Fractions"
+reference "subsec:Fractions"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-To define a fraction where the fraction bar thickness can be given as optional
- argument, the following line is inserted to the LaTeX-preamble:
+To define a fraction where the fraction bar thickness can be given as optional argument,
+ the following line is inserted to the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-As one can see, the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the
- fraction bar is round about three times the bar thickness.
+As one can see,
+ the distance of the numerator and the denominator to the fraction bar is round about three times the bar thickness.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! canceled
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+canceled
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
cancel
\series default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Result
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The space and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- are used here as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\cancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cancel{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\bcancel{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<row topspace="1.5mm">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\xcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\xcancel{\int A=B}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}\hspace{3mm}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\hspace{3mm}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- value one can add the LaTeX-preamble line
+ value one can add the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
samesize
\series default
- which leads to the same size as for the canceled value, or
+ which leads to the same size as for the canceled value,
+ or
\series bold
Smaller
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To color the cancellation bar one adds this command as TeX code:
+To color the cancellation bar one adds this command as \SpecialChar TeX
+ code:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-For further customizations, see the documentation of the package
+For further customizations,
+ see the documentation of the package
\series bold
cancel
\series default
-,
+,
+
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "cancel"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! cancel
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cancel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
cancel
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
cancel
\series default
Formulas in Section Headings
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
+name "subsec:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! in section headings
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in section headings
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-When formulas are used in section headings, the following has to be taken
- into account:
+When formulas are used in section headings,
+ the following has to be taken into account:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! hyperref
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+hyperref
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
Properties
\family default
-, PDF-bookmarks are created for every section heading in the table of contents.
- If a section heading contains formulas, they are incorrectly displayed
- in the bookmark text, because formulas in bookmarks infringe the PDF convention
-s.
+,
+ PDF-bookmarks are created for every section heading in the table of contents.
+ If a section heading contains formulas,
+ they are incorrectly displayed in the bookmark text,
+ because formulas in bookmarks infringe the PDF conventions.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Both problems can be solved by inserting at the end of the section heading
- a short title with the menu
+Both problems can be solved by inserting at the end of the section heading a short title with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
Short
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Title
\family default
.
- Short titles are used as alternative for multiline section headings to
- keep the table of contents clearly arranged.
- Only the short title appears in the table of contents and therefore also
- in the PDF-bookmark.
+ Short titles are used as alternative for multiline section headings to keep the table of contents clearly arranged.
+ Only the short title appears in the table of contents and therefore also in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
hyperref
\series default
- is used, one can use the following command in TeX-mode:
+ is used,
+ one can use the following command in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
texorpdfstring{part}{alternative}
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
+Commands
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+T
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
\backslash
texorpdfstring
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Part is the part of the heading that shouldn't appear in the PDF-bookmark.
- This can be characters, formulas, footnotes, but also cross-references.
+ This can be characters,
+ formulas,
+ footnotes,
+ but also cross-references.
The alternative is used instead of the part for the bookmark.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-In the first heading a short title was used, in the second one
+In the first heading a short title was used,
+ in the second one
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To get the same formatting as for the other headings, the complete heading
- was set into a
+To get the same formatting as for the other headings,
+ the complete heading was set into a
\series bold
boldmath
\series default
environment
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-see
+See
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Bold-Formulas"
+reference "subsec:Bold-Formulas"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in multi-column Text
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! in multi-column text
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in multi-column text
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Formulas in multi-column text are often too wide to fit into a column and
- thus need to be set over the whole page width.
- This is done by using the LaTeX-package
+Formulas in multi-column text are often too wide to fit into a column and thus need to be set over the whole page width.
+ This is done by using the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
multicol
\series default
\series bold
multicol
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ is part of every \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ standard installation.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! multicol
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+multicol
\end_layout
\end_inset
-, that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+,
+ that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\family default
in the menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
Settings
\family default
under
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-is written in TeX-mode.
+is written in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
The column number is a number in the range of 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-in TeX-mode.
+in \SpecialChar TeX
+ mode.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Due to the command some space is automatically added before the formula.
- To revert this, -6
+ To correct this,
+ -6
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\series bold
Indented
\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-formula styles see
+For formula styles see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
- is used, -9
+ is used,
+ a -9
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-\lang german
+\lang ngerman
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
Das Spektrum wird fouriertransformiert.
- Die Fouriertransformation wird verwendet, um die überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk
-, Lösungsmittel) zu trennen.
- Nachdem wir die Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten, interessiert uns
- nun das Aussehen des Ausgangssignals.
- Im Experiment haben wir es mit sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun, so dass man
- über alle Phasen integrieren muss.
+ Die Fouriertransformation wird verwendet,
+ um die überlagerten Signale (Netzwerk,
+ Lösungsmittel) zu trennen.
+ Nachdem wir die Phasenverschiebung bestimmen konnten,
+ interessiert uns nun das Aussehen des Ausgangssignals.
+ Im Experiment haben wir es mit sehr vielen Teilchen zu tun,
+ so dass man über alle Phasen integrieren muss.
Sei nun
\begin_inset Formula $S$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $P$
\end_inset
- die Phasenverteilungsfunktion, so ergibt sich die Beziehung
+ die Phasenverteilungsfunktion,
+ so ergibt sich die Beziehung
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
--rf-Puls beginnt sich die Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
- das Signal zusätzlich abschwächt.
- Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit der so genannten
-
+-rf-Puls beginnt sich die Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren,
+ wodurch sich das Signal zusätzlich abschwächt.
+ Diese Abschwächung verläuft exponentiell in Abhängigkeit der so genannten
\begin_inset Formula $T_{2}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
-\lang german
+\lang ngerman
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas with Description of Variables
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Formula ! with description of variables
+Formula
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+with description of variables
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To describe variables within a formula, like in formula
+To describe variables within a formula,
+ like in formula
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:within"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
-, a 2
+,
+ a 2
\series bold
×
\series default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-matrices see
+For matrices see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Matrices"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- To set the description in a smaller size, before the matrix e.
+ To set the description in a smaller size,
+ before the matrix e.
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-font sizes see
+For font sizes see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Sizes"
+reference "subsec:Font-Sizes"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-formula styles see
+For formula styles see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Formula-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\series default
- is used, a
+ is used,
+ a
\series bold
\backslash
\series bold
Indented
\series default
-, see
+,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+reference "subsec:Variable-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- is inserted before and after the matrix to have the same separation of
- the matrix from the equation and the side margin.
+ is inserted before and after the matrix to have the same separation of the matrix from the equation and the side margin.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
Centered
\series default
- is used, the method described in
+ is used,
+ the method described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Flalign-Environment"
+reference "subsec:Flalign-Environment"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand eqref
reference "eq:within"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
consists of five columns where in the first two columns contain the equation,
- the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
+ the third the matrix and the last one an empty \SpecialChar TeX
+ brace.
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
+\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & {\footnotesize \begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
-\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{array}} & & {}\label{eq:within}
\end{flalign}
\end_inset
Upright small Greek Letters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
+name "subsec:Upright-small-Greek"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Greek letters ! upright
+Greek letters
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+upright
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Most of the math fonts only provide italic small Greek letters.
- But for symbols of elementary particles like pions and neutrinos, upright
- Greek letters are needed.
+ But for symbols of elementary particles like pions and neutrinos,
+ upright Greek letters are needed.
The file
\series bold
upgreek.sty
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
- is part of the LaTeX-package
+ is part of the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
was
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! was
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-vspace{4mm}
+was
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! upgreek
+Packages
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+upgreek
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that is loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+ that is loaded with the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following table will only be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
\end_inset
- They are created when the command for a small Greek letter is started with
-
+ They are created when the command for a small Greek letter is started with
\series bold
up
\series default
\backslash
uptau
\series default
- creates this:
+ creates this:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\uptau$
\end_inset
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+The following will be displayed when the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-You need to install the LaTeX-package
+You need to install the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-package
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
\begin_layout Subsection
Text Characters in Formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Text ! in formulas
+Text
+\begin_inset IndexMacro subentry
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+in formulas
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
In some cases you might want to insert text characters directly into formulas.
- When for example the centered dot · is often used in formulas like
+ For example the centered dot · is often used in formulas like
\begin_inset Formula $\nu=5·10^{5}\,\mathrm{Hz}$
\end_inset
-, one would have to insert the command
+.
+ One would have to insert the command
\series bold
\backslash
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-see
+See
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Binary-Operators"
+reference "subsec:Binary-Operators"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- all the time, because this character is defined in all encodings as text
- character.
- But the encoding can be changed by this LaTeX-preamble line:
+ all the time,
+ because this character is defined in all encodings as a text character.
+ But the encoding can be changed by this \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
textperiodcentered
\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
i}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The character encoding (menu
\family sans
-Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Document\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Settings\SpecialChar menuseparator
Language
\family default
) specifies what character appears when a keyboard key is pressed.
- When the key for the character '·' is pressed, internally the command
+ When the key for the character '·' is pressed,
+ internally the command
\series bold
\backslash
textperiodcentered
\series default
is used.
- But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get LaTeX-erro
-rs.
- With the changed encoding the right command is chosen automatically, depending
- on if the character was inserted into a formula or not.
+ But this command is not available in a formula so that you would get \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-errors.
+ With the changed encoding the correct command is chosen automatically,
+ depending on if the character was inserted into a formula or not.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
latin9.def
\series default
- which is in the installation folder of LaTeX.
- Encodings should only be changed via the LaTeX-preamble and not in the
- definition files.
- Otherwise documents could not be edited by other LyX users working on other
- computers.
+ which is in the installation folder of \SpecialChar LaTeX
+.
+ Encodings should only be changed via the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble and not in the definition files.
+ Otherwise documents could not be edited by other \SpecialChar LyX
+ users working on other computers.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-Besides the centered dot, in this document the degree sign ° is defined
- with the following LaTeX-preamble line so that it can be directly inserted
- into a formula:
+Besides the centered dot,
+ in this document the degree sign ° is defined with the following \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-preamble line so that it can be directly inserted into a formula:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
textdegree
\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
+f\SpecialChar ligaturebreak
i}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-LaTeX-comments in formulas
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments in formulas
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-LaTeX-comments
+\SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the LaTeX
+In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
source code of your file with the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar menuseparator
Comment
\family default
.
- This is not possible in a formula but you can insert LaTeX-comments with
- the command
+ This is not possible in a formula but you can insert \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comments with the command
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
This creates a box in which you can write your comment.
- Due to a bug in LyX
+ Due to a bug in \SpecialChar LyX
+
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "LyX-bug #9002"
-target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002"
+target "https://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002"
+literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
- you cannot write normal text into the comment, even when you use mathematical
- text, you will see its LaTeX-commands in the LaTeX-output.
+ you cannot write normal text inside the comment,
+ even when you use mathematical text,
+ you will see its \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-commands in the \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-output.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-This a formula with a LaTeX-comment:
+This a formula with a \SpecialChar LaTeX
+-comment:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
A=B%\text{This is the comment}
\start_of_appendix
Typographic Advice
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This section is a summary of the most important typographic rules, listed
- in ISO norms.
+This section is a summary of the most important typographic rules,
+ listed in ISO norms.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-This collection was partly taken from the German semi-official dictionary
- called
+This collection was partly taken from the German semi-official dictionary called
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Duden"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "Checklist"
+literal "true"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-done with font styles, see
+Done with font styles,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Font-Styles"
+reference "subsec:Font-Styles"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-, no matter if they appear in italic text: 30
+,
+ no matter if they appear in italic text:
+ 30
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Between the value and the unit is the smallest space, see
+Between the value and the unit is the smallest space,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Space"
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Space"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
unittwo
\series default
is used.
- When it is entered to a formula, two boxes appear.
- In the first one the value is inserted, in the second one the unit, and
- one gets as above:
+ When it is entered in a formula,
+ two boxes appear.
+ In the first one the value is inserted,
+ in the second one the unit,
+ and the result is as above:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\unit[30]{km/h}$
\end_inset
\backslash
unittwo
\series default
- is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+ is not a real \SpecialChar LaTeX
+ command but the command
\series bold
\backslash
unit[value]{unit}
\series default
-, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
+,
+ therefore you cannot use it in \SpecialChar TeX
+ code.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The degree sign follows directly on the value: 15°, but not when it is used
- in units: 15
+The degree sign follows the value directly:
+ 15°,
+ except when it is used in units:
+ 15
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-In numbers with more than four digits the smallest space is inserted before
- every third digit to group them:
+In numbers with more than four digits the smallest space is inserted before every third digit to group them:
+
\family roman
\series medium
\shape up
\series default
or via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
Symbols
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Functions with names consisting of several letters are set upright to avoid
- confusions, see
+Functions with names consisting of several letters are set upright to avoid confusions,
+ see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Predefined-Functions"
+reference "subsec:Predefined-Functions"
+nolink "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Indices consisting of several letters, are set upright:
+Indices consisting of several letters,
+ are set upright:
+
\begin_inset Formula $E_{\mathrm{kin}}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-Components of matrices are set italic:
+Components of matrices are set italic:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\hat{H}_{kl}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e' and
- the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright, to avoid mixing them up with
- other variables.
+The differentiation/integration operator 'd',
+ the Euler's number 'e' and the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright,
+ to avoid mixing them up with other variables.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\series default
or via the menu
\family sans
-Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Special Character\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Symbols\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Insert\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Special Character\SpecialChar menuseparator
+Symbols\SpecialChar menuseparator
Letterlike
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Symbols
\family default
-:
+:
+
\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{F}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Synonyms
\begin_inset Index idx
+range none
+pageformat default
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
equivalent to
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-raisebox
-\series default
- is only used as spacer.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-raisebox{-1.2mm}{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
*
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features booktabs="true" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
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<row>
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projects / lyx.git / blobdiff