#LyX 1.6.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 333
+\lyxformat 340
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\DeclareInputText{183}{\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi}
% increase link area for cross-references and autoname them,
-% see sec. 22.18.1
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
-%\renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
-\renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
-\renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
\newlength{\abc}
\settowidth{\abc}{\space}
-\renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}}
+\addto\extrasenglish{
+ \renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}}
+ \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
+ \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
+ \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}}
% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
% the pages of the TOC are numbered roman
% and a PDF-bookmark for the TOC is added
-\pagenumbering{Roman}
+\pagenumbering{roman}
\let\myTOC\tableofcontents
\renewcommand{\tableofcontents}{%
\vspace{1cm}
- \pdfbookmark[1]{Contents}{}
+ \pdfbookmark[1]{\contentsname}{}
\myTOC
\cleardoublepage
\pagenumbering{arabic}}
% insert additional vertical space of 1.5 mm between footnotes,
-% see sec. 22.16
\let\myFoot\footnote
\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\myFoot{#1\vspace{1.5mm}}}
% provides caption formatting
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
-% used in Kap. 22.4
-\usepackage{braket}
-
% used in Kap. 22.6
\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{multicol}
-% needed for diagrams
-\usepackage{amscd}
-
% needed in sec. 19.4
\usepackage{remreset}
\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
{\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
+% ------------------------------------
+% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
+\usepackage{ifthen}
+
% check for package eurosym
% used for the Euro symbol
\newboolean{eurosym}
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
+
\graphics default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\begin_layout Section
Introduction
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:Introduction"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It is therefore required that you have read the section
\family typewriter
Mathematical
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Formulas
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Options
\begin_layout Section
General Instructions
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sec:General-Instructions"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
Math
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
(auto)
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-TeX-mode
+T@TeX-mode
\end_layout
\end_inset
or by using the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-T
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-e
+Te
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, TeX-braces are
- set around one of the letters of the name.
+To avoid that these names are recognized as proper names, a TeX-brace pair
+ is inserted.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
Document\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Settings\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-La
+LaT
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-T
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
+{}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Rows
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
&
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
Columns,
This mode is invoked with the the shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
m
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-T@
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-TeX-braces
+T@TeX-braces
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
denotes a space character to be input.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection*
-Used units
+Available units
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "tab:Used-units"
+name "tab:Available-units"
\end_inset
-Used units
+Available units
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Inch (1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in = 2,54
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Point (72.27
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt = 1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Pica (1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pc = 12
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
scaled point (65536
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
sp = 1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
big point (72
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
bp = 1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
in)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Didot (1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
dd
\end_inset
0.376
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Cicero (1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cc = 12
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
dd)
\begin_layout Plain Layout
math unit (1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mu =
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
em)
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}B^{V}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{V}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}B^{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}B^{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\frac{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\dfrac{A}{B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8mm}{}\dfrac{e^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
-\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
-\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac {A}{B+\cfrac {C+\cfrac {E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
+\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
+\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
\end_inset
\emph default
.
l or r aligns the numerator to the left or right, resp.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
with the fraction stroke.
\series bold
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac [l]{A}{B+C}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[l]{A}{B+C}$
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac {A}{B+C}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac{A}{B+C}$
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac [r]{A}{B+C}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\cfrac[r]{A}{B+C}$
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac {A}{B+\cfrac {C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
\end_inset
\backslash
nicefrac
+\series default
+
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\end_inset
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{5}{31}$
+\end_inset
+
+ or
+\series bold
+\backslash
+unitfrac
\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+unitfrac
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
:
-\begin_inset Formula $\nicefrac{5}{31}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac{5}{31}$
+\end_inset
+
+ There is furthermore the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfracthree
+\series default
+ that offers to write a fraction in combination with a number:
+\begin_inset Formula $\unitfrac[2]{1}{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfracthree
+\series default
+ is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unitfrac[number]{numerator}{denominator}
+\series default
+, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt{A-B}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqrt[3]{A-B}$
\end_inset
\series default
produces a correct typeset formula:
-\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[\leftroot {-1}\uproot {2}\beta]{B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\sqrt[\leftroot{-1}\uproot{2}\beta]{B}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Binomial coefficients
+Binomial Coefficients
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Binomial coefficient s
+Binomial coefficients
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\binom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\tbinom{A}{B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tbinom{A}{B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}{A \brack B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brack B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}{A \brace B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}{A \brace B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Case differentiations
+Case Differentiations
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Standard
When displaying e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
isotopes
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $_{9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
or the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{1}9}^{19}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{}_{\phantom{23}9}^{235}\mathrm{F}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\Lambda_{MMt}^{\phantom{ii}t}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\end_inset
(toolbar button
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{A+B}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\underline{A+B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\overline{\underline{A+B}}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To double underline e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
It is possible to place up to 6 lines above or below characters.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+Custom lines can be created using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! R !
+\backslash
+rule
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ which has the following scheme:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule[vertical offset]{length}{thickness}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The optional vertical offset shifts the line upwards (or downwards, when
+ the value is negative).
+ The units listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "tab:Available-units"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used for the values.
+ Here are two example lines created with the commands
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule[-2ex]{3cm}{2pt}
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule{2cm}{1pt}
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset Formula $\rule[-2ex]{3cm}{2pt}\rule{2cm}{1pt}$
+\end_inset
+
+ with two lines.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+rule
+\series default
+ can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Ellipses
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Ellipses"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
3×3
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix with the different dots
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Special
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Character
\begin_inset Formula \[
\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
A & B & C & D\\
-\hdotsfor [2]{4}\\
+\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\dotfill B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\dotfill B$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Formula $A\hrulefill B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hrulefill B$
\end_inset
×
\series default
4
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are
\end_inset
, etc.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
, or the menu
(shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
parenthesis
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
×
\series default
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
matrix
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox {-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
When e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
\series default
.
To double e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
the row separation, use the factor 2.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $((A+B)(A-B))^{C}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Big ((A+B)(A-B)\Big )^{C}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Big((A+B)(A-B)\Big)^{C}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
-\begin_inset Formula $\Bigg (\exp\bigg <\Big [\big \{\ln(3x)\big \}^{2}\sin(x)\Big ]^{A}\bigg >\Bigg )^{0,5}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bigg(\exp\bigg<\Big[\big\{\ln(3x)\big\}^{2}\sin(x)\Big]^{A}\bigg>\Bigg)^{0,5}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
Besides the
\series bold
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox {-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigm(\bigm(\ln(3x)\bigm)^{2}\Bigm)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5.5mm}{}\Big (\big (\ln(3x)\big )^{2}\Big )\raisebox {-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Big(\big(\ln(3x)\big)^{2}\Big)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox {-3.25mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}\Bigl(\bigl(\ln(3x)\bigr)^{2}\Bigr)\raisebox{-3.25mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bigl)\ln(3x)\bigr(\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
the shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
bracket
is additionally available for all brackets and limits.
With this command the height of the following character is adapted to the
one of the surrounding brackets, what is e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
needed for physical vectors:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle |\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
\end_inset
\end_inset
must be changed to -6
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt before the formula with the command
jot
\series default
is set back after the formula to the standard value of 3
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt using the same command.
or the commands listed in the following subsections.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
\begin_inset Index
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 25pt
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
Arrows used as accent like e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
vector arrows are listed in
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\dot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dot{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\ddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\dddot{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\dddot{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\ddddot {A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\vec{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\bar{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\hat{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\hat{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\check{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\check{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\acute{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\acute{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\grave{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\grave{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\breve{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\breve{A}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\backslash
raisebox
\series default
- is only used as spacer.
+ and the 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt space are only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
+\length 0pt
+\end_inset
+
\lang ngerman
+
\begin_inset Formula $"i$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\ddot{i}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddot{i}$
\end_inset
To convert an accented character to mathematical text, only the character
under the accent may be converted.
This applies also for all other conversions, e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
to italic or bold.
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset {}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for several Characters
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Accents-for-several"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underleftrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\overrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\underrightarrow{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widetilde{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\widehat{A=B}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
Negative spaces can lead to characters overlapping each other.
Thus they can be used to enforce ligatures, what is e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
useful for summation operators:
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sum\negmedspace\sum f_{kl}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}$
\end_inset
equation without space
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Thin
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Space
\begin_layout Plain Layout
24
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
kW
For the length all units listed in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "tab:Used-units"
+reference "tab:Available-units"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A=B\hspace {3cm}A\not=C$
+\begin_inset Formula $A=B\hspace{3cm}A\not=C$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace {-1mm}A\not=A$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{-1mm}A\not=A$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A=A\hfill B=B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A=A\hfill B=B$
\end_inset
.)
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Besides
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hfill
+\series default
+, there are the commands
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+dotfill
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+hrulefill
+\series default
+ that fill the space with a pattern, see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Ellipses"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for an example.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
For text, variable space can be inserted via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Horizontal
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Space
\begin_layout Standard
This is a line with
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 2cm
\end_inset
2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm space.
\begin_layout Standard
This is a line with
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
maximum space.
mathsurround
\series default
to the value 5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm, the command
\begin_layout Standard
is inserted in TeX-mode.
5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm space will now be set around all inline formulas:
\end_inset
with 5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm surrounding space.
mathsurround
\series default
is set to the value 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Frames | see
+Frames | see
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
in the
\family typewriter
Embedded
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Objects
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula \raisebox {6mm}{}\fbox{$\int A=B$}\raisebox {-4mm}{}
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{$\int A=B$}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox {-6.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{8.5mm}{}\boxed{\int A=B}\raisebox{-6.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}A+\fbox{B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox {2mm}{al}lo$
+\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox{2mm}{al}lo$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox {-2mm}{al}lo$
+\begin_inset Formula $H\raisebox{-2mm}{al}lo$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\colorbox {yellow}{A=B}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{yellow}{A=B}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\colorbox {green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\colorbox{green}{\fbox{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox {green}{A=B}}\raisebox {-3mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fbox{\colorbox{green}{A=B}}\raisebox{-3mm}{}$
\end_inset
color is chosen in the
\family sans
Text
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Style
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Text
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Style\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox {cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
\end_inset
The four comma separated numbers are the portion factor for the corresponding
colors of the color space.
The factors can be in the range of 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
1.
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox {darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
This is a paragraph box.
It is exactly 5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm long and can also contain formulas:
Width
\emph default
: 5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm,
of the
\emph on
Embedded
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Objects
\series default
is hereby the line width set for the document.
Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
times the frame separation and the frame thickness must be subtracted from
must be set in the document settings under
\family sans
Math
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Options
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
oint
\series default
, resp.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
in the style the operator limits are displayed, see
and using the keyboard shortcut
\family sans
Alt-c
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
r
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\oiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\sqiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\iiiint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\dotsint\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\prod_{0}^{\infty}A(x)\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
(shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
l
\end_inset
that sets the width of the limit to 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
to create the lower limit.
The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{\mathclap {\substack{0<k<1000\\
+\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}}
}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Binary Operators
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge _{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
\end_inset
mathop
\series default
can e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
be used to use one limit for several operators:
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop {\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
+Ctrl-b
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Alt-c b
+Alt-c b or Ctrl-Alt-b
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
\end_inset
\series default
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Colored Formulas
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Formula ! colored
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Formulas can be colored like normal text: Highlight a formula or a formula
+ part and use the
+\family sans
+Text Style
+\family default
+ dialog.
+ Here is a formula in magenta:
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You can also define your own colors as described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Colored-Boxes"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ They can be used with the TeX code command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textcolor
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! T !
+\backslash
+textcolor
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ in the scheme
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+textcolor{color}{characters or formula}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The following example was colored completely dark green and partly red:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+textcolor{darkgreen}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula \[
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Due to a bug in LyX only complete formulas can be colored with self-defined
+ colors.
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #5269"
+target "http://bugzilla.lyx.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5269"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
.
The font size can however not exceed a certain value.
Is for example the document font size 12
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt, the command
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large \maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny \maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hspace*{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{}
\length 1cm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Small Letters
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Small-Letters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
varGamma
\series default
produces:
-\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma $
+\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\dag $
+\begin_inset Formula $\dag$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\ddag $
+\begin_inset Formula $\ddag$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\pounds $
+\begin_inset Formula $\pounds$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\P $
+\begin_inset Formula $\P$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\copyright $
+\begin_inset Formula $\copyright$
\end_inset
More symbols are listed in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Miscellaneous-Special-Characters"
+reference "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+@
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\euro $
+\begin_inset Formula $\euro$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}A(r)\stackrel{r\to\infty}{\approx}B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\sgn (x)+B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\sgn(x)+B$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\varliminf $
+\begin_inset Formula $\varliminf$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\varlimsup $
+\begin_inset Formula $\varlimsup$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\varprojlim $
+\begin_inset Formula $\varprojlim$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\varinjlim $
+\begin_inset Formula $\varinjlim$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 1cm
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\hspace {1cm}\raisebox {5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
+\begin_inset Formula $\hspace{1cm}\raisebox{5mm}{}\lim_{x\to A}x=B$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The variants in a displayed formula:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
-\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox {-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce }b} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce }b} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce }b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce }b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
+\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\oe }$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-OE
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\OE }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{œ}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ae
+OE
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\ae }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Œ}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-AE
+ae
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\AE }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{æ}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-aa
+AE
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Æ}$
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-AA
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
+aa
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\aa}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-@
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-textrm
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
+AA
+\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
\backslash
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
+@
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-AA
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
+\backslash
+textrm{
+\backslash
+AA}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\AA}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Å}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\i }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ı}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\o }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ø}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\O}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ø}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\l }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ł}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\L }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{Ł}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
!
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
?
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{\j }$
+\begin_inset Formula $\textrm{ȷ}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
An exception are the commands
\series bold
!
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
and
\series bold
?
-\begin_inset Space \hspace{}
+\begin_inset space \hspace{}
\length 0mm
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
oldstylenums{0123456789
\series default
produces:
-\begin_inset Formula $\oldstylenums {0123456789}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\oldstylenums{0123456789}$
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Miscellaneous Special Characters
+Miscellaneous special Characters
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-Special-Characters"
+name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\_{} {}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\_$
\end_inset
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-°
+
+\backslash
+@°
\end_layout
\end_inset
\backslash
textdegree
\backslash
-f\SpecialChar \textcompwordmark{}
-i}
+fi}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
under
\family sans
Document
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Class
.
Should the distance be 15
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm, the following command line is inserted in the LaTeX-preamble
\begin_layout Standard
When no length is specified, the predefined value of 30
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt will be used.
under
\family sans
Document
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Class
\family default
\series default
inside a formula.
- This creates an
+ This creates either an
+\series bold
+eqnarray environment
+\series default
+ that is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ or, when the option
+\family sans
+Use AMS math package
+\family default
+ in the document settings is selected, an
\series bold
align environment
\series default
jot
\series default
is the value 3
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
To create 3
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm additional line separation as in the previous example, the command
jot
\series default
is set to the value 3
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
\end_inset
column separation = 2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
inserted in TeX-mode, sets for all following formulas a column separation
of 2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm.
arraycolsep
\series default
is set to 5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
\begin_layout Standard
A formula with 2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm column separation:
\end_inset
A formula with the predefined column separation for matrices of 10
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace {3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:kurzlang}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:kurzlang}\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace {3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
& & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Itemize
The formula doesn't use the full page width.
When e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
the term
\begin_layout Standard
The above example in the alignat environment where 1
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2}
-A & =\sin(B) & \hspace {1cm}C & =D\\
+A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace {30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
\end_inset
Indented
\series default
, 30
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt space was inserted at the beginning of the first column.
\begin_layout Subsection
Eqnarray Environment
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Eqnarray-Environment"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\series default
specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
Predefined is the length 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
-\shoveleft {-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
+\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
\end_inset
in the aligned environment:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
- & -\hspace {3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
+ & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
-\intertext {\text{integrand is symmetric to $\phi=\pi$, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
+\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to $\phi=\pi$, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
\end_inset
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Numbered
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Formula
(shortcut
\family sans
Ctrl-Alt
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
n
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Toggle
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Numbering
(shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
n
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Toggle
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Numbering
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
of
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Line
(shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
N
\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Cross-References"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
and makes it easier to find labels in large documents because it marks
it as formula label to divide it from e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
section labels.
By inserting the commands in TeX-mode, a space is created between the first
two formulas.
To revert this -5
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm vertical space is inserted after the command
\series default
is used, -7
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm space is inserted instead.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or ERT line is used:
+Thus in our case the following LaTeX-preamble or TeX-Code line is used:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
To number e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
tables so that the number of the part is the sectioning,
\begin_layout Standard
To go back to the standard numbering or to prevent this kind of numbering
when it is defined by the document class, the following command is inserted
- as ERT or to the LaTeX-preamble:
+ as TeX-Code or to the LaTeX-preamble:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Subsection
Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Numbering-with-Roman"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
that is described in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
-reference "sec:User-defined-commands"
+reference "sec:User-defined-Commands"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-User-defined commands
+User-defined Commands
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
-name "sec:User-defined-commands"
+name "sec:User-defined-Commands"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The number of arguments is an integer in the range 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
9 and specifies how many arguments the new command should have.
framebox
\series default
one can e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
define the command
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\gr B$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\us {ABcd}\raisebox {-2mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\us{ABcd}\raisebox{-2mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\fb {[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\fb{[2cm]}{}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\cb {red}{\int A=B}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {6mm}{}\cb [green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox {-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\cb[green]{red}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Diagrams
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To create diagrams, the LaTeX-package
+LyX supports two types of commutative diagrams:
\series bold
amscd
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
+\series default
+ and
\series bold
-amscd
+xymatrix
\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+ that are explained in the following.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Amscd Diagrams
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! amscd
+Diagrams ! amscd
\end_layout
\end_inset
- is needed.
- It is loaded in the LaTeX-preamble with the line
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-\backslash
-usepackage{amscd}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Diagrams visualize relations and look like this:
+Diagrams of this type visualize relations by vertical and horizontal lines
+ or arrows:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Xymatrix Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! xymatrix
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use xymatrices, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+xypic
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A xymatrix is created by inserting the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+xymatrix
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In contrary to amscd diagrams, xymatrices supports diagonal and curved arrows,
+ and much more.
+ All possibilities to create commutative diagrams and decorations are explained
+ in detail in this manual:
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+target "http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/XY-pic#xy-manual"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
changed by the shortcut
\family sans
Alt-c
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
r
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
-Comma as Decimal Separator
+Comma as decimal Separator
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
(shortcut
\family sans
Alt-m
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
m
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Bra {\psi}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Bra{\psi}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Ket {\psi}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Ket{\psi}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\Braket {\psi|\phi}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\Braket{\psi|\phi}$
\end_inset
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket {\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The style is a number in the range of 0
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
3.
\begin_layout Standard
When no fraction bar thickness is given, the predefined value of 0.4
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
pt will be used.
A test:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
\text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\
-\text{Result} & & \fracS [1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS [5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
+\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Canceled-Formulas"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\cancel {\int A=B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\cancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\bcancel {\int A=B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\bcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {4.5mm}{}\xcancel {\int A=B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}\xcancel{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox {7mm}{}\cancelto {1}{\int A=B}\raisebox {-2.5mm}{}\hspace {3mm}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7mm}{}\cancelto{1}{\int A=B}\raisebox{-2.5mm}{}\hspace{3mm}$
\end_inset
\series default
is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto {2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel {1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
\end_inset
support is enabled in the document settings dialog under
\family sans
PDF
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Properties
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Short
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Title
To get the same formatting as for the other headings, the complete heading
was set into a
\series bold
-boldmath environment
+boldmath
\series default
-
+ environment
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
Note herby that the setting
\family sans
Two-column
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
document
under
\family sans
Text
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
Layout
\begin_layout Standard
is written in TeX-mode.
The column number is a number in the range of 2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
10.
\begin_layout Standard
Due to the command some space is automatically added before the formula.
To revert this, -6
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm vertical space is inserted before the formula.
\series default
is used, -9
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
mm space is inserted instead.
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-rf-Puls beginnt sich the Magnetisierung zu entfokussieren, wodurch sich
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
matrix is used with left aligned columns for the
\end_inset
To set the description in a smaller size, before the matrix e.
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset Space ~
+\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
the command
consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation,
the third the matrix, and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace {30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize \begin{array}{ll}
+\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
uptau
\series default
creates this:
-\begin_inset Formula $\uptau $
+\begin_inset Formula $\uptau$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi ^{+}\to\upmu ^{+}+\upnu _{\upmu }\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
\start_of_appendix
-Typographic Advises
+Typographic Advice
\begin_inset Index
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Typographic Advises
+Typographic advice
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
: 30
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
km/h
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This convention is automatically fulfilled when the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unittwo
+\series default
+ is used.
+ When it is entered to a formula, two boxes appear.
+ In the first one the value is inserted, in the second one the unit, and
+ one gets as above:
+\begin_inset Formula $\unit[30]{km/h}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Note that
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unittwo
+\series default
+ is not a real LaTeX command but the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+unit[value]{unit}
+\series default
+, therefore you cannot use it in TeX code.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\end_inset
1,2
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
‰ alcohol in blood
\begin_layout Itemize
The degree sign follows directly on the value: 15°, but not when it is used
in units: 15
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
°C
\noun off
\color none
18
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
473
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
588
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-For dimensionings like 120×90×40
-\begin_inset Space \thinspace{}
+For dimensions like 120×90×40
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
cm the multiplication sign
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff