-#LyX 1.6.6svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 410
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
\newlength{\abc}
\settowidth{\abc}{\space}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
\addto\extrasenglish{
\renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}}
\renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
\renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
\renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}}
+}
% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
% provides caption formatting
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
-% used in Kap. 22.6
+% used in sec. 23.6
\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-% enables calculation of values,
+% enables calculation of values
\usepackage{calc}
-% for multiple table row and column cells
-\usepackage{multirow}
+% for multiple columns used in sec. 23.7
\usepackage{multicol}
% needed in sec. 19.4
% for the Fourier transformation symbol
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
-% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3)
-\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering}
-
% define a color, used in sec.9.3
\definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5}
\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal}
\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
-% redefine the greyed out note
-\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
- {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
% ------------------------------------
% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
\setboolean{braket}{true}}
{\setboolean{braket}{false}}
+% check for package cancel
+\newboolean{cancel}
+\IfFileExists{cancel.sty}
+ {\usepackage{cancel}
+ \setboolean{cancel}{true}}
+ {\setboolean{cancel}{false}}
+
% check for package upgreek
\newboolean{upgreek}
\IfFileExists{upgreek.sty}
\setboolean{upgreek}{true}}
{\setboolean{upgreek}{false}}
\end_preamble
-\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove
+\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading
\use_default_options false
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize a4paper
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 2
\use_esint 1
+\use_mhchem 1
+\use_mathdots 1
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\use_refstyle 0
+\notefontcolor #0000ff
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 4
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation skip
\bullet 3 2 7 -1
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\family sans
-Version 1.6.x
+Version 2.0.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages
\series bold
-eurosym,
+braket, cancel, eurosym,
\series default
\series bold
-mhchem, multirow
+mhchem
\series default
and
\series bold
was
\series default
- must be installed.
- If
-\series bold
-eurosym,
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-multirow
-\series default
- or
-\series bold
-was
-\series default
- are not installed you can export the document anyway but the sections where
- the packages are required won't appear in the output.
- If
+ should be installed.
+ If they are not installed the document can be export anyway but the sections
+ where the packages are required will not appear in the output.
+ An exeption is
\series bold
mhchem
\series default
- is not installed, this file cannot be exported.
+; if it is not installed, this file cannot be exported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
To create an inline formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
To create a display style formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
displaystyle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
The TeX-mode
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
To change the LaTeX-preamble
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathematical text
\emph default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
text
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets.
The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as
TeX-braces
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textvisiblespace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Exponents
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
and Indices
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
frac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style
formula.
With
\backslash
tfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula.
An example:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
cfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
-\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
+\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
nicefrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
unitfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Roots
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sqrt
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
root
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
leftroot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
uproot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Binomial Coefficients
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
binom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dbinom
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
tbinom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Case Differentiations
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
B>0
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases}
A & \textrm{for }x>0\\
-B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$
+B & \textrm{for }x=0
+\end{cases}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Negations
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
not
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
phantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Placeholders can also be used for text when it is inserted via the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom Phantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a sentence.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Lines
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
rule
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rule
\series default
- can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "3cm"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with one line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ldots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cdots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
-A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$
+A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+To use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\series default
+, one of the options
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package (automatically)
+\family default
+ must be set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Using the option
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package
+\family default
+ will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font
+ style or size is not the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns.
They are created with the command
\series bold
hdotsfor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
-q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\]
+q & w & e & r
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
dotfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hrulefill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Matrix
\family default
.
- You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows and the alignment.
+ In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the
+ alignment and the decoration.
The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline
formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
, the second middle
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
and the third bottom
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
aligned.
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands
+The
+\family sans
+Decoration
+\family default
+ adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix.
+ Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands
\series bold
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix
is inserted.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
arraystretch
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
renewcommand{
\backslash
arraystretch}{stretch factor}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
smallmatrix
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
This is a matrix
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\
-C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
+C & D
+\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
in a text line.
\begin_layout Section
Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
textbackslash
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
big
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
bigm
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
bigr
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
middle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
needed for physical vectors:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Brackets
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
, must be used:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\
- & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Section
Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
xleftarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
xrightarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical and diagonal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
More about
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ddddot{A
+ddddot
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
You can directly insert accents like é to formulas.
LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
For umlauts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for Operators
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sideset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for several Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
in the following example:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
creates:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="7">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hspace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Space besides inline Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathsurround
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
The value of a length is set with the command
\series bold
\backslash
setlength
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
that has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Boxes and Frames
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
fbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boxed
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
framebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
makebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
raisebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
colorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
fcolorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
0.5}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 1
+use_makebox 0
width "5cm"
special "none"
height "1in"
parbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
linewidth
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is hereby the line width set for the document.
Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
using the mathematical textmode:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Operators
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
prod
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{in}
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
The default limits type is this:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
subarray
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
substack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
mathclap
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+}
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
DeclareMathOperator
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
mathop
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathbin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-bold"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\series bold
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
+
+\series default
+AbC
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
+-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathit
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series default
-AbC
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
+shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathrm
+mathit
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-roman"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-sans"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-typewriter"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
boldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
in TeX-mode.
To end the environment, the command
\series bold
\backslash
unboldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is inserted in TeX-mode.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dialog.
Here is a formula in magenta:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
displaystyle
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Greek Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/alpha.png
scale 85
\end_inset
.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
+ have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Small Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to create upright Greek letters is explained in
+How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
\begin_layout Subsection
Big Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- produces:
+ produces
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+ Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ is part of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boldsymbol
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
The Euro-Symbol €
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
eurosym
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
euro
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
officialeuro
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
stackrel
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="4">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sgn}{sgn}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Limits
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lim
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Modulo-Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Special Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
AA
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
~e
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textcircled
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Minuscule Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
oldstylenums
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
circ
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathindent
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Long Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lines:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lefteqn
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
& & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
- & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
right.
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
_R=1}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The result is this:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
column align environment:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Alignat Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2}
A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{alignat*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*}
A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\
-X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*}
+X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4
+\end{flalign*}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
AB & AB & AB\\
-A & = & A\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Gather Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Every line can be numbered.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather}
A=1\\
-X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather}
+X=\textrm{-}1
+\end{gather}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
\backslash
shoveright
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
\backslash
shoveleft
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
The commands are used as follows:
\end_layout
\backslash
multlinegap
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
Predefined is the length 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
-\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\]
+\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
+\end{aligned}
+\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
aligned
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is inserted.
A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
lines can be added.
in the aligned environment:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
- & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
+ & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}
+\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
alignedat
\series default
,
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
gathered
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
split
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
intertext
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is used in the following scheme:
\end_layout
An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
-\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
+\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Formula Numbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Subnumbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
addtocounter{equation}{-1}
\backslash
begin{subequations}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
& = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\
- & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray}
+ & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
tag
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
\end_inset
@addtoreset{equation}{part}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
carlisle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
@removefromreset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
numberwithin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
renewcommand
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
roman{equation}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Roman
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
The chemical equation for this is:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
ce
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mhchem
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
has its own number.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
\ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\
-\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}\end{eqnarray}
+\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
cf
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Amscd Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+F@<<<E@<<<D
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Xymatrix Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-XY-pic
+Manuals
+\family default
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+ Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! Feynman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+To be able to use
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagrams, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+feyn
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagram is created by inserting the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Diagram
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Examples how to create
+\noun on
+Feynman-
+\noun default
+diagrams in LyX is given in the
+\emph on
+Feynman-diagram manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Specific
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Manual
+Manuals
\family default
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
User-defined Commands
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Math Macros
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
the same solution type occurs several times.
The general form of a quadratic equation is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
The general form of the solution is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Section
+Computer Algebra Systems
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's
+ math editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
+ Currently supported applications are
+\family sans
+Maple
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Mathematica
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Maxima
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Octave
+\family default
+.
+ Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only
+ to very simple cases.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Usage
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Write some expression in a formula, go to the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Use Computer Algebra System
+\family default
+ menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer.
+ After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the
+ expression together with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+ operator.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are few simple examples (with results from
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+) to show what kind of computations can be performed:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 6 & 7\\
+2 & 5 & 8\\
+3 & 4 & 17
+\end{array}\right]=-56$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard shortcut
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications.
+ One can easily bind a shortcut to the
+\family sans
+math-extern
+\family default
+ LyX function (see the
+\family sans
+\emph on
+LyX Functions
+\family default
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ One could e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+bind the
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ key inside the math editor.
+ To bind it to
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+ one would use this shortcut definition command:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Tips
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Negative Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Comma as decimal Separator
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
braket
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-braket
-\series default
- should be part of every LaTeX standard installation.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
The following commands are defined:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
genfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
genfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
A test:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
\text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\
-\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
+\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cancel
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+Packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! cancel
+
+
+\backslash
+ifcancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\series default
is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+else
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is not installed:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fi
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
texorpdfstring{part}{alternative}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset OptArg
+\begin_inset Argument
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in multi-column Text
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas with Description of Variables
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
-g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Section
\start_of_appendix
Typographic Advice
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-{F
+F
\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
or via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-To be able to use the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\series default
-, the LaTeX package
-\series bold
-mathrsfs
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathrsfs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- needs to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{mathrsfs}
-\series default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Synonyms
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "TLC2"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Mathmode"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "AMS"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Symbols"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "hyperref"
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "mhchem"
mhchem
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Mathclap"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Duden"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Checklist"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
+type "idx"
\end_inset
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff