-#LyX 1.6.5svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 345
+#LyX 2.0.0svn created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 410
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
\newlength{\abc}
\settowidth{\abc}{\space}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
\addto\extrasenglish{
\renewcommand{\equationautorefname}{\hspace{-\abc}}
\renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
\renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
\renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}}
+}
% don't load packages twice
% see first footnote in sec. 9.3
% provides caption formatting
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
-% used in Kap. 22.6
+% used in sec. 23.6
\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-% enables calculation of values,
+% enables calculation of values
\usepackage{calc}
-% for multiple table row and column cells
-\usepackage{multirow}
+% for multiple columns used in sec. 23.7
\usepackage{multicol}
% needed in sec. 19.4
% for the Fourier transformation symbol
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
-% center multirows (e.g. in sec. 13.3)
-\renewcommand{\multirowsetup}{\centering}
-
% define a color, used in sec.9.3
\definecolor{darkgreen}{cmyk}{0.5, 0, 1, 0.5}
\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal}
\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
-% redefine the greyed out note
-\renewenvironment{lyxgreyedout}
- {\textcolor{blue}\bgroup}{\egroup}
% ------------------------------------
% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
\setboolean{eurosym}{true}}
{\setboolean{eurosym}{false}}
-% needed in sec. 22.4
% check for package braket
+% used for physical vectors
\newboolean{braket}
\IfFileExists{braket.sty}
{\usepackage{braket}
\setboolean{braket}{true}}
{\setboolean{braket}{false}}
-% needed in sec. 22.10
+% check for package cancel
+\newboolean{cancel}
+\IfFileExists{cancel.sty}
+ {\usepackage{cancel}
+ \setboolean{cancel}{true}}
+ {\setboolean{cancel}{false}}
+
% check for package upgreek
\newboolean{upgreek}
\IfFileExists{upgreek.sty}
\setboolean{upgreek}{true}}
{\setboolean{upgreek}{false}}
\end_preamble
-\options bibtotoc,idxtotoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,tablecaptionabove
+\options bibliography=totoc,index=totoc,BCOR7.5mm,titlepage,captions=tableheading
\use_default_options false
+\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language english
\inputencoding auto
+\fontencoding global
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
\font_default_family default
+\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
\graphics default
+\default_output_format default
+\output_sync 0
+\bibtex_command default
+\index_command default
\paperfontsize 12
\spacing single
\use_hyperref true
\pdf_colorlinks true
\pdf_backref false
\pdf_pdfusetitle false
-\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels"
+\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize a4paper
\use_geometry false
\use_amsmath 2
\use_esint 1
+\use_mhchem 1
+\use_mathdots 1
\cite_engine basic
\use_bibtopic false
+\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
+\suppress_date false
+\use_refstyle 0
+\notefontcolor #0000ff
+\index Index
+\shortcut idx
+\color #008000
+\end_index
\secnumdepth 4
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation skip
\bullet 3 2 7 -1
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
-\author ""
-\author ""
+\html_math_output 0
+\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\family sans
-Version 1.6.x
+Version 2.0.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-To export this document to PDF, PS, or DVI the LaTeX-packages
+To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages
\series bold
-eurosym,
+braket, cancel, eurosym,
\series default
\series bold
-multirow,
+mhchem
\series default
and
\series bold
was
\series default
- must be installed.
- If they are not installed you can export the document anyway but the sections
- where the packages are required won't appear in the output.
+ should be installed.
+ If they are not installed the document can be export anyway but the sections
+ where the packages are required will not appear in the output.
+ An exeption is
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+; if it is not installed, this file cannot be exported.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
To create an inline formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
To create a display style formula
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
displaystyle
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
to a formula.
Then a new blue box appears in which the desired formula part is inserted.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The TeX-mode
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX,
+ that appear in the output with sub- and superscript letters: TeX, LaTeX
and LyX
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
To change the LaTeX-preamble
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To edit matrices, case differentiations, and multiline formulas subsequently,
+To edit matrices, case differentiations and multiline formulas subsequently,
the menus
\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
mathematical text
\emph default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
is used.
- This mode is invoked with the the shortcut
+ This mode is invoked with the shortcut
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "font-default"
\backslash
text
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
The text appears black in LyX and can therefore be distinguished from the
other formula parts that appear blue.
To omit optional arguments, also omit the associated brackets.
The braces around the required arguments are named in this document as
TeX-braces
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textvisiblespace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Exponents
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
and Indices
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
frac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
a fraction can be created that has in any case the size of a display style
formula.
With
\backslash
tfrac
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
the fraction appears always with the size of an inline formula.
An example:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
cfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
can be used.
- Here an example:
+ Here is an example:
\begin_inset VSpace -3mm
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
\textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash frac}} & & \textrm{created with \textbf{\textbackslash cfrac}}\\
-\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}\end{align*}
+\frac{A}{B+\frac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}} & & \cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\cfrac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}\]
+\cfrac{A}{B+\cfrac{C+\frac{E}{F}}{D}}
+\]
\end_inset
nicefrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
unitfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Roots
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sqrt
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
root
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
leftroot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
uproot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Binomial Coefficients
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
binom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
dbinom
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
tbinom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
brack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Case Differentiations
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
B>0
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{cases}
A & \textrm{for }x>0\\
-B & \textrm{for }x=0\end{cases}$
+B & \textrm{for }x=0
+\end{cases}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Negations
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
not
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
phantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Placeholders can also be used for text when it is inserted via the menu
+
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Phantom
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Phantom Phantom
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+This
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ is a sentence.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Lines
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
rule
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
rule
\series default
- can also be used for text when it is inserted in TeX-mode.
+ can also be used for text when a line is inserted via the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Formatting\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Horizontal
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Line
+\family default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This is a sentence
+\begin_inset CommandInset line
+LatexCommand rule
+offset "0.5ex"
+width "3cm"
+height "1pt"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with one line.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
ldots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cdots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dots
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\iddots$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
A_{11} & \cdots & A_{1m}\\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
-A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}\end{array}$
+A_{n1} & \cdots & A_{nm}
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
+To use
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+iddots
+\series default
+, one of the options
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package (automatically)
+\family default
+ must be set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Using the option
+\family sans
+Use mathdots package
+\family default
+ will improve the appearance of all dots in the documents if their font
+ style or size is not the default.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
Specially for matrices there are ellipses that span over several columns.
They are created with the command
\series bold
hdotsfor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\left(\begin{array}{cccc}
A & B & C & D\\
\hdotsfor[2]{4}\\
-q & w & e & r\end{array}\right)\]
+q & w & e & r
+\end{array}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
dotfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hrulefill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Matrix
\family default
.
- You will be asked for the number of matrix columns and rows, and the alignment.
+ In the matrix dialog you can specify the number of columns and rows, the
+ alignment and the decoration.
The vertical alignment is hereby only of importance for matrices in inline
formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[t]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
, the second middle
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
-, and the third bottom
+ and the third bottom
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}[b]{cccc}
A & D & G & J\\
B & E & H & K\\
-C & F & I & L\end{array}$
+C & F & I & L
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
aligned.
\emph on
c
\emph default
- centered, and
+ centered and
\emph on
r
\emph default
\end_inset
matrix where the first column is left aligned, the second and third are
- centered, and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
+ centered and the last one is right aligned, one enters for the horizontal
alignment
\series bold
lccr
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{lll}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{ccc}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
,
\begin_inset Formula $\begin{array}{rrr}
10000 & D & G\\
B & 10000 & H\\
-C & F & 10000\end{array}$
+C & F & 10000
+\end{array}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-Parentheses around a matrix can can either be created with the commands
+The
+\family sans
+Decoration
+\family default
+ adds parentheses in the selected style around the matrix.
+ Alternatively, parentheses can can either be created with the commands
\series bold
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Bmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Bmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{pmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{pmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{Vmatrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{Vmatrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{7.5mm}{}\begin{matrix}\begin{array}{cc}
0 & \textrm{-}\mathrm{i}\\
-\mathrm{i} & 0\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
+\mathrm{i} & 0
+\end{array}\end{matrix}\raisebox{-5.3mm}{}$
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted, a blue box appears between two vertical lines where the matrix
is inserted.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
arraystretch
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
renewcommand{
\backslash
arraystretch}{stretch factor}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
smallmatrix
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
This is a matrix
\begin_inset Formula $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}A & B\\
-C & D\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
+C & D
+\end{smallmatrix}\right)$
\end_inset
in a text line.
\begin_layout Section
Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical Brackets and Delimiters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
textbackslash
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
big
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
bigg
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
bigm
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
bigr
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
left
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
right
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln(\frac{A}{C})\]
+\ln(\frac{A}{C})
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
creates
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)\]
+\ln\left(\frac{A}{C}\right)
+\]
\end_inset
\series bold
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\} \]
+\left.\frac{A}{B}\right\}
+\]
\end_inset
middle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
needed for physical vectors:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle \]
+\left\langle \phi\:\middle|\: J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}\right\rangle
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Brackets
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
, must be used:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\\
- & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\underbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}_{s}
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
& & \hphantom{gggg+\:}\overbrace{\hphantom{bbqq+dddd}}^{s}\\
-A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & \underbrace{gggg+bbqq}_{r}+\: dddd
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Section
Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Horizontal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
Furthermore there are the labeled arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
xleftarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
xrightarrow
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Vertical and diagonal Arrows
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
More about
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
+texorpdfstring
+\series default
+ is in section
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-ddddot{A
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-vec
+ddddot
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Vectors
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\ddddot{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bar
+vec
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
A
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathring
-\begin_inset ERT
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+Vectors
\end_layout
\end_inset
-A
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\vec{A}$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-tilde
+bar
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\bar{A}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-hat
+mathring
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\mathring{A}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+tilde
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+A
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\tilde{A}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+hat
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
You can directly insert accents like é to formulas.
LyX will transform them to the corresponding accent command.
For umlauts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for Operators
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sideset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}\]
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
produces:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}\]
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Accents for several Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
will only be set in the output with a length of three characters, as shown
in the following example:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\widetilde{A+B=C-D}\]
+\widetilde{A+B=C-D}
+\]
\end_inset
overset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
underset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
creates:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\underset{***}{A=B}\]
+\underset{***}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="7">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hspace
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hfill
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Space besides inline Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
mathsurround
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
.
The value of a length is set with the command
\series bold
\backslash
setlength
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
that has the following scheme:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Boxes and Frames
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
fbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boxed
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
framebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boxed{A+B=C}\]
+\boxed{A+B=C}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
makebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
raisebox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
colorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
white
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
yellow
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\color red
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A=B\label{eq:red}\end{equation}
+\int A=B\label{eq:red}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\color green
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}\end{equation}
+\textcolor{red}{\int A=B}\label{eq:redgreen}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
fcolorbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}\]
+\fcolorbox{cyan}{magenta}{A=B}
+\]
\end_inset
0.5}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
yellow
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
black
\series default
\series bold
green
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
blue
\series default
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\end{equation}
+\colorbox{darkgreen}{\color{yellow}\boxed{\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
:
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
has_inner_box 1
inner_pos "t"
use_parbox 1
+use_makebox 0
width "5cm"
special "none"
height "1in"
parbox
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
linewidth
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is hereby the line width set for the document.
Because the frame is outside the parbox, 2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\end{equation}
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
- Then the description follows as normal text, and finally
+ Then the description follows as normal text and finally
\series bold
}}
\backslash
using the mathematical textmode:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}\]
+5x-7b=3b\textrm{This is a description. It is not separated from the formula ...}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Operators
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
prod
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{in}
+in
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
The default limits type is this:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum_{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}\]
+\sum\nolimits _{x=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{x^{2}}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
and so set below the integrals:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}\end{equation}
+\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V=U\label{eq:VolInt}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
subarray
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
substack
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}\end{equation}
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}k^{-2}\label{eq:substack}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
mathclap
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
-\\k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}\]
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+}
+}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
DeclareMathOperator
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}\]
+\Lozenge_{n=1}^{\infty}
+\]
\end_inset
mathop
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathbin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}\]
+\mathop{\sum\negmedspace\sum}_{i,j=1}^{N}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Fonts
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
-<features>
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-noun"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-bold"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features>
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathit
+mathscr
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathrm
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+</lyxtabular>
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series default
-AbC
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-roman"
-\end_inset
-
-
+shortcut
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathsf
+mathit
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
-arg "font-sans"
-\end_inset
-
-
+-
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathtt
+mathrm
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-roman"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathsf
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+spce
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-sans"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathtt
\series bold
\begin_inset ERT
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcut"
+type "shortcuts"
arg "font-typewriter"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
The style commands work also for letters in mathematical constructs:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}\]
+\mathfrak{A=\frac{b}{C}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}\]
+\mathbf{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma}\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash mathbf}
+\]
\end_inset
\series default
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}\]
+\boldsymbol{\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation with \textbackslash boldsymbol}}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
boldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
in TeX-mode.
To end the environment, the command
\series bold
\backslash
unboldmath
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is inserted in TeX-mode.
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}\]
+\int_{n}^{2}f(\theta)=\Gamma\qquad\textrm{equation in a boldmath environment}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Colored Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
dialog.
Here is a formula in magenta:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}\]
+{\color{magenta}\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt[5]{B}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}
+\]
\end_inset
textcolor
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\]
+\int A\,\mathrm{d}x=\frac{{\color{red}\sqrt[5]{B}}}{\ln\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
scriptsize
\series default
-, and
+ and
\series bold
\backslash
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within a formula the size can only be changed for symbols or letters in
- mathematical text.
- To do this, the size command is inserted in mathematical text.
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+displaystyle
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! D !
+\backslash
+displaystyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6.5mm}{}{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-5.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+textstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\textstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+scriptstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+scriptscriptstyle
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{4.5mm}{}{\scriptscriptstyle E_{\mathrm{pot_{1}}}=\frac{K}{l+\frac{m}{n_{2}}}}\raisebox{-3.5mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+After entering these commands, a blue box appears in which the formula parts
+ are inserted.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There is a further method to change the font size, that though only works
+ for symbols or letters in mathematical text.
+ To use it, one of the above text size commands is inserted in mathematical
+ text.
All following characters until the end of the mathematical text or until
another size command will have the selected size.
Two examples:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese\]
+A=\frac{B}{c}\cdot\maltese
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}\]
+\maltese A\textrm{\Large\maltese\textit{A}}\textrm{\tiny\maltese\textit{A}}
+\]
\end_inset
in the default size.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Greek Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math/alpha.png
scale 85
\end_inset
.
+ All international typesetting norms purport that Greek letters in math
+ have to be typeset italic/slanted.
+ In some languages, like French or Russian, they are nevertheless sometimes
+ typeset upright.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Small Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-How to create upright Greek letters is explained in
+How to create special upright Greek letters is explained in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sub:Upright-small-Greek"
\begin_layout Subsection
Big Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
varGamma
\series default
- produces:
+ produces
\begin_inset Formula $\varGamma$
\end_inset
+.
+ Another way is to load the package
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+fixmath
+\series default
+ is part of the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+was
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! was
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! fixmath
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage{fixmath}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Then all big Greek letters in a document will automatically be typeset italic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Bold Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
boldsymbol
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
A list with all symbols of most of the LaTeX-packages can be found in
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
-key "Symbole"
+key "Symbols"
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
The Euro-Symbol €
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
eurosym
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
euro
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
officialeuro
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
stackrel
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="4">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Subsection
Self-defined Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
sgn}{sgn}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-Write the the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the
- letters
+Write the formula as usual, mark the formula name, in our example the letters
+
\emph on
sgn
\emph default
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Limits
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lim
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
In a displayed formula the limit is set below the formula, as usual:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lim_{x\to A}x=B\]
+\lim_{x\to A}x=B
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Modulo-Functions
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b\end{align*}
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
variants.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Special Characters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
AA
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
~e
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
'
\series default
- , and
+ and
\series bold
^
\series default
\backslash
v
\series default
-, and accents inserted directly with the keyboard are also available in
- mathematical text.
+ and accents that are inserted directly with the keyboard are also available
+ in mathematical text.
For the other accents there are special math commands to be used in formulas,
see
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
textcircled
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
all numbers and letters can be set into a circle, quasi accented with a
- circle, similar to the the copyright symbol.
+ circle, similar to the copyright symbol.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Minuscule Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
oldstylenums
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\backslash
circ
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
fi}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Section
Formula Styles
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mathindent
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
There is sometimes not enough space in multiline formulas between the lines:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-To set the the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
+To set the line separation for all lines in a formula, the length
\series bold
\backslash
jot
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
B^{2}(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2})+4x_{0}^{2}x^{2}+4x_{0}xD & = & \textrm{-}4x^{2}B^{2}+4x_{0}xB^{2}\\
-4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0\end{eqnarray*}
+4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right) & = & 0
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
arraycolsep
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & B\\
-C & \ne & A\end{eqnarray*}
+C & \ne & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Long Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lines:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
H & = & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\nonumber \\
- & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\label{eq:shortlong}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
lefteqn
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
\lefteqn{4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}}\nonumber \\
& & -\hspace{3pt}B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\nonumber \\
- & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}\end{eqnarray}
+ & & =B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\label{eq:lefteqn}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
For brackets spanning multiple lines the following problem occurs:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
right.
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
_R=1}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
The result is this:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
A & = & \sin(x)\left[\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{R}+\cdots\right.\\
- & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]\end{eqnarray*}
+ & & \left.\vphantom{\prod_{R=1}^{\infty}}\cdots+B-D\right]
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
column align environment:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
A & =\sin(B) & C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{align*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Alignat Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cm space was inserted at the beginning of the second formula:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{alignat*}{2}
A & =\sin(B) & \hspace{1cm}C & =D\\
-C & \ne A & B & \ne D\end{alignat*}
+C & \ne A & B & \ne D
+\end{alignat*}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign*}
A & =1 & B & =2 & C & =3\\
-X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4\end{flalign*}
+X & =\textrm{-}1 & Y & =\textrm{-}2 & Z & =4
+\end{flalign*}
\end_inset
:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
-\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}\end{flalign}
+\hspace{30pt}\iiint\limits _{V}X\,\mathrm{d}V & =U & {}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray*}
\frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D} & \frac{ABC}{D}\\
AB & AB & AB\\
-A & = & A\end{eqnarray*}
+A & = & A
+\end{eqnarray*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Gather Environment
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Every line can be numbered.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{gather}
A=1\\
-X=\textrm{-}1\end{gather}
+X=\textrm{-}1
+\end{gather}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
\backslash
shoveright
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
and
\series bold
\backslash
shoveleft
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
a centered line can be right or left aligned, respectively.
The commands are used as follows:
\end_layout
\backslash
multlinegap
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
specifies the distance of the first line from the left page margin.
Predefined is the length 0
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\begin_inset Formula \begin{multline}
4x^{2}\left(B^{2}+x_{0}^{2}\right)+4x_{0}x\left(D-B^{2}\right)+B^{2}\left(B^{2}-2r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}^{2}-2r_{k}^{2}\right)+D^{2}\\
\shoveleft{-B^{2}-2B\sqrt{r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}+r_{g}^{2}-x^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}}\\
-=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}\end{multline}
+=B^{2}+2\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)+\frac{\left(r_{g}^{2}+2x_{0}x-x_{0}^{2}-r_{k}^{2}\right)^{2}}{B^{2}}
+\end{multline}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \[
\left.\begin{aligned}\Delta x\Delta p & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\\
-\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}\end{aligned}
-\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}\]
+\Delta E\Delta t & \ge\frac{\hbar}{2}
+\end{aligned}
+\right\} \textrm{Uncertainty relations}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
aligned
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is inserted.
A purple box appears around the blue formula box where now columns and
lines can be added.
in the aligned environment:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}H=\; & W_{SB}+W_{mv}+W_{D}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{0}}\Delta-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{1}}\Delta_{1}-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m_{2}}\Delta_{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{1}|}\\
- & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}\end{aligned}
+ & -\hspace{3pt}\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}+\frac{e^{2}}{4\pi\varepsilon_{0}|\mathbf{R}_{1}-\mathbf{R}_{2}|}
+\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
alignedat
\series default
,
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
gathered
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
split
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
intertext
-\begin_inset Index
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-
-\series default
is used in the following scheme:
\end_layout
An example where the text was inserted at the beginning of the second line:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align}
I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
-\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\end{align}
+\intertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Section
Formula Numbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Cross-References
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Subnumbering
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
An example:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=C-B\label{eq:a}\end{equation}
+A=C-B\label{eq:a}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=C-A\label{eq:b}\end{equation}
+B=C-A\label{eq:b}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=A+B\label{eq:c}\end{equation}
+C=A+B\label{eq:c}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
addtocounter{equation}{-1}
\backslash
begin{subequations}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
A & = & (B-Z)^{2}=(B-Z)(B-Z)\label{eq:d}\\
& = & B^{2}-ZB-BZ+Z^{2}\nonumber \\
- & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}\end{eqnarray}
+ & = & B^{2}-2BZ+Z^{2}\label{eq:f}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
tag
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
is used:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}\end{equation}
+A+B=C\tag{something}\label{eq:tag}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\series default
is inserted instead, the star prevents the parentheses around the expression:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-A+B=C\tag*{something}\]
+A+B=C\tag*{something}
+\]
\end_inset
@addtoreset{equation}{part}
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
carlisle
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
@removefromreset
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
numberwithin
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A+B=C\end{equation}
+A+B=C
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Numbering with Roman Numbers and Letters
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
renewcommand
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
roman{equation}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Roman
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Alph
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-A=\textrm{small roman}\end{equation}
+A=\textrm{small roman}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}\end{equation}
+B=\textrm{big Roman}\label{eq:Rom}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-C=\textrm{small Latin}\end{equation}
+C=\textrm{small Latin}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}\end{equation}
+D=\textrm{big Latin}\label{eq:Lat}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
theequation}{
\backslash
arabic{equation}}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-E=\textrm{Arabic}\end{equation}
+E=\textrm{Arabic}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
The chemical equation for this is:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}\end{equation}
+\mathrm{2\, Na^{+}+SO_{4}^{2-}\longrightarrow Na_{2}SO_{4}}\label{eq:chem-reaction}
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
ce
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
mhchem
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
has its own number.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{eqnarray}
\ce{TEOS + 4O} & \ce{->} & \ce{Si(OH)4 + 4C2H4O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-1}\\
-\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}\end{eqnarray}
+\ce{Si(OH)4} & \ce{->} & \ce{SiO2 + 2H2O}\label{eq:TEOS-reaction-2}
+\end{eqnarray}
\end_inset
cf
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Section
Diagrams
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Amscd Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \[
\begin{CD}A@>>>B@>>>C\\
@AAA@.@VVV\\
-F@<<<E@<<<D\end{CD}\]
+F@<<<E@<<<D
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
@>>>
\series default
- a right arrow, and
+ a right arrow and
\series bold
@=
\series default
\series bold
@VVV
\series default
- an down arrow, and
+ an down arrow and
\series bold
@|
\series default
\begin_inset Formula \[
\begin{CD}A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F\\
@AmAA@.@VV{V}V@|\\
-D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C\end{CD}\]
+D@<<j<E@>k>>F@=C
+\end{CD}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
CD
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Xymatrix Diagrams
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset space ~
\end_inset
-Manuals\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-XY-pic
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-Manual
+Manuals
\family default
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+ Diagrams
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Diagrams ! Feynman
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+To be able to use
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagrams, the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+feyn
+\series default
+ must be installed.
+ A
+\noun on
+Feynman
+\noun default
+-diagram is created by inserting the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+Diagram
+\series default
+ in a formula.
+ Then you are able to add new matrix columns and rows like for normal matrices,
+ see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sec:Matrices"
+
\end_inset
+.
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Examples how to create
+\noun on
+Feynman-
+\noun default
+diagrams in LyX is given in the
+\emph on
+Feynman-diagram manual
+\emph default
+ that you find in the menu
+\family sans
+Help\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Specific
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Manuals
+\family default
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
User-defined Commands
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Math Macros
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
the same solution type occurs several times.
The general form of a quadratic equation is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q\]
+0=\lambda^{2}+p\lambda+q
+\]
\end_inset
The general form of the solution is
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}\]
+\lambda_{1,2}=-\frac{p}{2}\pm\sqrt{\frac{p²}{4}-q}
+\]
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $p$
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\begin_inset Formula $q$
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
newcommand
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula $\ln(x)$
\end_inset
-, and
+ and
\begin_inset Formula $B$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\qG x{\ln(x)}B\]
+\qG x{\ln(x)}B
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true">
+<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Graphics
filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- BoundingBox 0bp 5bp 20bp 25bp
rotateOrigin center
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-hphantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\family sans
Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
Macro
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Tips
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Computer Algebra Systems
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX offers the exchange between mathematical expressions written in LyX's
+ math editor and external applications or user defined scripts.
+ Currently supported applications are
+\family sans
+Maple
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Mathematica
+\family default
+,
+\family sans
+Maxima
+\family default
+ and
+\family sans
+Octave
+\family default
+.
+ Note that the set of supported mathematical constructs is limited only
+ to very simple cases.
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring{
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Usage
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Write some expression in a formula, go to the
+\family sans
+Edit\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Math\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Use Computer Algebra System
+\family default
+ menu and choose the application you have installed on the computer.
+ After that the result of computation should show on the right side of the
+ expression together with the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset
+=
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
+ operator.
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Other useful math tips can be found in
-\begin_inset CommandInset citation
-LatexCommand cite
-key "Voss"
+\begin_layout Standard
+Here are few simple examples (with results from
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+) to show what kind of computations can be performed:
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37}{3}*2-\sum_{i=1}^{3}i^{i}=-\frac{22}{3}$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\frac{37.0}{3}=12.33333333333333$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}{}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\int_{1}^{2}\sin(x)dx=\cos1-\cos2$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Note Note
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is used to avoid that the footnote appears in the PDF-bookmark.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-More about
-\backslash
-texorpdfstring is in section
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Formulas-in-Section"
-
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\det\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
+1 & 6 & 7\\
+2 & 5 & 8\\
+3 & 4 & 17
+\end{array}\right]=-56$
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+\begin_inset Formula $\lim_{x\rightarrow0}\left(\frac{\sin(x)}{x}\right)=1$
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tips
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Keyboard shortcut
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+Currently there is no keyboard shortcut for calling the algebra applications.
+ One can easily bind a shortcut to the
+\family sans
+math-extern
+\family default
+ LyX function (see the
+\family sans
+\emph on
+LyX Functions
+\family default
+\emph default
+ manual).
+ One could e.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
+g.
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Ions|see
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+bind the
+\family sans
+Return
+\family default
+ key inside the math editor.
+ To bind it to
+\family typewriter
+Maxima
+\family default
+ one would use this shortcut definition command:
+\end_layout
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_layout Standard
-{
+\series bold
+command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-Chemical characters
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-}
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
+\begin_layout Section
+Tips
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Tips
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Negative Numbers
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\begin_layout Subsection
Comma as decimal Separator
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
braket
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-braket
-\series default
- should be part of every LaTeX standard installation.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
The following commands are defined:
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\series default
assures that all vertical bars are set in the size of the surrounding brackets:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}\]
+\Braket{\phi|J=\frac{3}{2}\,,\, M_{J}}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
genfrac
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Phantom HPhantom
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-phantom{
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
+\series bold
\backslash
genfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
A test:
\begin_inset Formula \begin{align*}
\text{Command} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[1mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B} & & \mathrm{\backslash fracS[5mm]\backslash\{A\to\backslash\{B}\\
-\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}\end{align*}
+\text{Result} & & \fracS[1mm]{A}{B} & & \fracS[5mm]{A}{B}
+\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Canceled Formulas
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cancel
\series default
-\begin_inset Foot
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
- is part of every LaTeX standard installation.
+Packages ! cancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
+ has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! cancel
+
+
+\backslash
+ifcancel
\end_layout
\end_inset
- has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is installed.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
<row>
\series default
is especially suitable to visualize the reduction of fractions within formulas:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}\]
+\frac{\left(x_{0}+bB\right)^{2}}{\left(1+b^{2}\right)^{\cancelto{2}{3}}}=\frac{x_{0}^{2}+B^{2}-r_{g}^{2}}{\cancel{1+b^{2}}}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+else
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ is not installed:
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+You need to install the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+cancel
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+fi
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
texorpdfstring{part}{alternative}
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset OptArg
+\begin_inset Argument
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas in multi-column Text
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Formula \begin{equation}
-S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi\end{equation}
+S(t)=S_{0}(t)\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}P(\phi,t)\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\phi}\,\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{equation}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Subsection
Formulas with Description of Variables
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
consists of five columns whereas in the first two columns contain the equation,
- the third the matrix, and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
+ the third the matrix and the last one an empty TeX-brace.
\begin_inset Formula \begin{flalign}
\hspace{30pt}F_{A} & =\rho·V·g & \footnotesize\begin{array}{ll}
\rho & \textrm{density}\\
V & \textrm{volume}\\
-g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}\end{flalign}
+g & \textrm{gravitational acceleration}
+\end{array} & & {}\label{eq:within}
+\end{flalign}
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
was
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
upgreek
\series default
- is installed.
+ is installed:
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
With these commands reactions of elementary particles can be typeset:
\begin_inset Formula \[
-\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}\]
+\uppi^{+}\to\upmu^{+}+\upnu_{\upmu}
+\]
\end_inset
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_layout Section
\start_of_appendix
Typographic Advice
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
that lists some of the ISO rules.
+ More rules are listed in
+\begin_inset CommandInset citation
+LatexCommand cite
+key "Checklist"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_inset
-: 30
+, no matter if they appear in italic text: 30
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e', and
+The differentiation/integration operator 'd', the Euler's number 'e' and
the imaginary unit 'i' should be set upright, to avoid mixing them up with
other variables.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-
-\backslash
-{F
+F
\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
or via the menu
\family sans
Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Newline newline
-\end_inset
-
-To be able to use the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\series default
-, the LaTeX package
-\series bold
-mathrsfs
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! mathrsfs
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- needs to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{mathrsfs}
-\series default
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Section
Synonyms
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features>
+<features tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "TLC2"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Mathmode"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Voss"
-
-\end_inset
-
-LaTeX tips and tricks-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "page"
-target "http://tug.org/TeXnik/"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "AMS"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Symbole"
+key "Symbols"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "hyperref"
hyperref
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "mhchem"
mhchem
\series default
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Mathclap"
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Index
+\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Duden"
Auflage, Duden 2001
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsubsection*
+\begin_layout Bibliography
+\labelwidthstring References
+\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
+LatexCommand bibitem
+key "Checklist"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "Check list"
+target "http://physics.nist.gov/Document/checklist.pdf"
+
+\end_inset
+
+ for reviewing manuscripts
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset index_print
LatexCommand printindex
+type "idx"
\end_inset