-#LyX 2.0 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
-\lyxformat 413
+#LyX 2.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 474
\begin_document
\begin_header
\textclass scrartcl
\fi % end if pdflatex is used
-% Folgendes Problem lösen:
-% Besteht die Kapitelnummer aus zu vielen Ziffern, wird die
-% Kapitelüberschrift im Inhaltsverzeichnis direkt an oder über
-% die Kapitelnummer geschrieben.
-% Als Lösung wird mehr Platz zwischen Nummer und
-% Überschrift eingefügt.
+% solves the following problem:
+% If the dection number consits of too many numerals the section heading
+% will be printed in the TOC without a space between it and the section number.
+% As solution more space between the number and the heading is inserted:
\renewcommand{\l@subsection}{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.8em}}
\renewcommand{\l@subsubsection}{\@dottedtocline{3}{4.3em}{3.6em}}
-% To be able to enter the character ° and · directly in LyX,
-% see sec. 22.11
-\DeclareInputText{176}{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi}
-\DeclareInputText{183}{\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi}
-
% increase link area for cross-references and autoname them,
\AtBeginDocument{\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\mbox{\autoref{#1}}}}
+\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{\usepackage[english]{babel}}{}
\addto\extrasenglish{%
- \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}
- \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
- \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
- \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}
+ \renewcommand*{\equationautorefname}[1]{}%
+ \renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
+ \renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{sec.\negthinspace}%
}
% don't load packages twice
% provides caption formatting
\setkomafont{captionlabel}{\bfseries}
-% used in sec. 24.5
-\usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
-
% enables calculation of values
\usepackage{calc}
\DeclareMathOperator*{\Lozenge}{\blacklozenge}
\DeclareMathOperator{\sgn}{sgn}
-\newcommand{\spce}{\textvisiblespace}
-
% example definitions for sec. 20.1
\newcommand{\gr}{\Longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\us}[1]{\underline{#1}}
% example macro from sec. 19.4
%\def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{|#1|}}
-% macro from sec. 10.2
-\def\clap#1{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}
-\def\mathclap {\mathpalette \mathclapinternal}
-\def\mathclapinternal #1#2{\clap{$\mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
-
% ------------------------------------
% used to check for needed LaTeX packages
\usepackage{ifthen}
+% check for package undertilde
+% used for the command \utilde
+\newboolean{undertilde}
+\IfFileExists{undertilde.sty}
+ {\usepackage{undertilde}
+ \setboolean{undertilde}{true}}
+ {\setboolean{undertilde}{false}}
+
% check for package eurosym
% used for the Euro symbol
\newboolean{eurosym}
\font_roman default
\font_sans default
\font_typewriter default
+\font_math auto
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100
\font_tt_scale 100
-
\graphics default
\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\pdf_quoted_options "linkcolor=black, citecolor=black, urlcolor=blue, filecolor=blue, pdfpagelayout=OneColumn, pdfnewwindow=true, pdfstartview=XYZ, plainpages=false"
\papersize a4paper
\use_geometry false
-\use_amsmath 2
-\use_esint 1
-\use_mhchem 1
-\use_mathdots 1
+\use_package amsmath 2
+\use_package amssymb 2
+\use_package cancel 0
+\use_package esint 1
+\use_package mathdots 1
+\use_package mathtools 2
+\use_package mhchem 1
+\use_package stackrel 0
+\use_package stmaryrd 0
+\use_package undertilde 0
\cite_engine basic
+\cite_engine_type default
+\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
+\justification true
\use_refstyle 0
\notefontcolor #0000ff
\index Index
\family sans
-Version 2.0.x
+Version 2.1.x
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
To export this document to PDF, PS or DVI the LaTeX-packages
\series bold
-braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mhchem
+braket, cancel, eurosym, mathdots, mathtools, mhchem, undertilde
\series default
and
\series bold
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "amsguide.ps"
-target "ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/amstex/doc/amsguide.ps"
+target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amstex/amsguide.pdf"
\end_inset
\end_inset
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-mode.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-mode"
\end_inset
.
\end_inset
is invoked by pressing the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/ert-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "ert-insert"
\end_inset
or by using the menu
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
-The symbol
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
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-
-\backslash
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-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! T !
-\backslash
-textvisiblespace
-\end_layout
-
+The symbol
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
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-\end_layout
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-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset ERT
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-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-denotes a space character to be input.
+ denotes a space character to be input.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
-\begin_inset Caption
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset CommandInset label
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-subscript.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-subscript"
\end_inset
, exponents with a caret
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-superscript.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-superscript"
\end_inset
.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
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<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
B^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac.png
- scale 50
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac"
\end_inset
.
The font size is adjusted automatically, depending on whether the fraction
is in an inline or display style formula.
With the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac-square.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
you can select different fraction types.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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A
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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\end_inset
A
\backslash
dfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e^
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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\backslash
cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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-\backslash
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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B+
\backslash
cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
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-\backslash
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cfrac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
E
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
+Multiline fractions are explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Multiline-Fractions"
+\end_inset
+.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\end_inset
or the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/sqrt.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\sqrt"
\end_inset
, all other roots with the command
\end_inset
or with the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/root.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\root"
\end_inset
.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A-B
\backslash
root
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
3
\backslash
beta
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
or with the submenu of the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/frac-square.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\frac-square"
\end_inset
.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
binom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
dbinom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
tbinom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
brack
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
brace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
cases
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
cases
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
cases
\series default
or pressing the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/cases.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\cases"
\end_inset
you can create new lines with the shortcut
\end_inset
or the table toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
can be found in the submenu of the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/space.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
^19
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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_
\backslash
phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
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\end_inset
1
\end_inset
9
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
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-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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F
\begin_layout Plain Layout
^235
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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\end_inset
23
\end_inset
9
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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F
\backslash
Lambda^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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\backslash
phantom
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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\end_inset
ii
\end_inset
t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
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\backslash
vphantom
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-
-\series bold
a
\backslash
int
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
overline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
\backslash
underline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
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\end_inset
A+B
\backslash
overline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
underline
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
\begin_layout Plain Layout
In the math toolbar in the submenu of the button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/ldots.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\ldots"
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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,
\backslash
dots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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,A_n
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
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+
\backslash
dots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+A_n
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
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,
\backslash
ldots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
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-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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,A_n
\begin_layout Plain Layout
A_1
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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\backslash
cdots
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
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-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
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A
\backslash
dotfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\begin_layout Standard
Matrices can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathmatrix.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathmatrix"
\end_inset
or the menu
\begin_layout Standard
To add or delete rows and columns subsequently, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
,
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
, etc.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
bmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\backslash
Bmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\backslash
pmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
vmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\backslash
Vmatrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
\backslash
matrix
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2
Note that decorated matrices ignore the vertical alignment.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Note Greyedout
-status open
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-Note:
-\series default
- LaTeX limits the number of matrix columns with decorations to 10.
- If you need more than 10
-\begin_inset space ~
-\end_inset
-
-columns, you have to add this line to the document preamble:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{number}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-where
-\emph on
-number
-\emph default
- is the number of columns between 11 and 99.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
Big((A+B)(A-B)
\backslash
Big)^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
ln(3x)
\backslash
big}^2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
sin(x)
\backslash
Big]^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="middle">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
ln(3x)
\backslash
bigm)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Bigm)
\end_layout
ln(3x)
\backslash
big)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Big)
\end_layout
ln(3x)
\backslash
bigr)^2
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\series default
-
\backslash
Bigr)
\end_layout
\end_inset
or via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_mathdelimiter.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show mathdelimiter"
\end_inset
.
ln(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
)
left(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
(
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
left.
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\end_inset
B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
overbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-3
+^3
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
underbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_5
\backslash
overbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
underbrace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A+B_w
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_7
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
is inserted at first.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+, you have access to square backets:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+raisebox{2.3mm}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+overbracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+^3
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overbracket
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{A+B}^{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+raisebox{-2.2mm}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+_5
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket{A+B}_{5}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+overbracket{
+\backslash
+underbracket{A+B_w
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+_7
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+C
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket{\underbracket{A+B_{w}}_{7}}^{C}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+For
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overbracket
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underbracket
+\series default
+ you can change the thickness of the bracket's stroke by specifying the
+ desired thickness in square brackets behind the command:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+raisebox{2.3mm}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+overbracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+[3pt]
+\backslash
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+^3
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\overbracket[3pt]{A+B}^{3}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+raisebox{-2.2mm}{
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+under
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+bracket
+\family default
+\series default
+\shape default
+\size default
+\emph default
+\bar default
+\strikeout default
+\uuline default
+\uwave default
+\noun default
+\color inherit
+[1pt]
+\backslash
+{A+B
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+_5
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\underbracket[1pt]{A+B}_{5}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
-When brackets are needed that overlap each other, multiline formulas, as
- described in
+When brackets should overlap each other, multiline formulas, as described
+ in
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "sec:Multiline-Formulas"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other, like in the following
- example:
+It gets more complicated when brackets overlap each other above and under
+ the formula, like in the following example:
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
The second row contains the formula together with the second brace.
To avoid that there is space between the upper brace in the first row and
the formula, the row spacing needs to be reduced.
- This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX
+ This is not easily possible due to a bug in LyX.
\begin_inset Foot
status collapsed
\end_inset
-.
As a solution for the problem, the global formula row separation
\series bold
\begin_layout Standard
Arrows can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/leftarrow.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\leftarrow"
\end_inset
or the commands listed in the following subsections.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
F(a)
\backslash
xleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+x=a
+\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+\end_inset
+
+x>0
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+F(x)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+F(x)
+\backslash
+xrightarrow
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
x=a
\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
-F(x)
+F(a)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5.5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+If you set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+, you have access to the following labeled arrows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\backslash
+xleftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\backslash
+xLeftarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xRightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xRightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xLeftrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xLeftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
+\backslash
+xhookleftarrow
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(a)\xleftarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookleftarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-F(x)
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+
\backslash
-xrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
+xhookrightarrow
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xhookrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Example
+\begin_inset Note Note
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
\end_layout
\end_inset
-x=a
-\begin_inset Formula $\downarrow$
+
+\end_layout
+
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftharpoondown
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftharpoonup
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightharpoondown
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoondown[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightharpoonup
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightharpoonup[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
-x>0
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xleftrightharpoons
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xleftrightharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+
+\family roman
+\series medium
+\shape up
+\size normal
+\emph off
+\bar no
+\strikeout off
+\uuline off
+\uwave off
+\noun off
+\color none
+xrightleftharpoons
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}\xrightleftharpoons[x=a]{x>0}\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hspace*{\fill}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The command scheme is for all these arrows:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+raisebox
+\series default
+ is only used as spacer.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
F(a)
+\backslash
+xleftrightarrow[x=a]
+\backslash
+{x>0
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+F(x)
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}F(x)\xrightarrow[x>0]{x=a}F(a)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{6mm}{}F(a)\xleftrightarrow[x=a]{x>0}F(x)\raisebox{-4mm}{}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
Accents can be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/hat.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\hat"
\end_inset
or the commands listed in the following subsections.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
dot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
ddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
dddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
ddddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
vec
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
bar
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
mathring
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
tilde
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
hat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
check
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
acute
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
grave
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\backslash
breve
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
ddot
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
i
be inserted.
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Accents for Operators
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Accents ! for operators
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-With the commands
+LyX also supports a tilde under the character if the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-overset
+undertilde
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! O !
-\backslash
-overset
+Packages ! undertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-underset
-\series default
+ is installed on your system:
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Index idx
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! U !
+
+
\backslash
-underset
+ifundertilde
\end_layout
\end_inset
- characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively, to accent
- it.
- With the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! S !
-\backslash
-sideset
+The following table will only be displayed when the LaTeX-package
+\series bold
+undertilde
+\series default
+ is installed.
\end_layout
\end_inset
- characters can be set before and behind an operator.
- The command scheme is:
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
-\backslash
-sideset{character
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-before}{character
-\series default
-
-\series bold
-behind}
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\series bold
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- must always be before the operator that should be accented.
- You can accent with several characters and even with other operators and
- symbols.
- To place with
-\series bold
+utilde
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- for example only characters behind an operator, write nothing between the
- first braces but don't omit the braces.
+A
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-For example the command
-\series bold
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
-\backslash
-sideset{
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\raisebox{5mm}{}\utilde{A}$
\end_inset
-\backslash
-{
-\series default
-'
-\series bold
+\end_layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-sum_k=1
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+else
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\series default
-^
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The following will be displayed when the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-n
+undertilde
\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
-\]
+ is not installed:
+\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The command
+You need to install the LaTeX-package
\series bold
-
-\backslash
-overset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
+undertilde
+\series default
+ to see the rest of this subsection in the output.
\end_layout
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-maltese
+\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status collapsed
\backslash
-spce
+fi
\end_layout
\end_inset
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series bold
-a
-\series default
- produces:
-\begin_inset Formula
-\[
-\overset{a}{\maltese}
-\]
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
-As seen in the last example, with
-\series bold
-\backslash
-overset
-\series default
- and
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-underset
-\series default
- symbols and characters can also be accented; with
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-sideset
-\series default
- this is not possible.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
overleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
underleftarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
overleftrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
underleftrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\backslash
overrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
underrightarrow
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
widetilde
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
widehat
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
underset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\family default
several times one can select one of eight different space sizes.
The spaces can also be inserted using the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/space.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\space"
\end_inset
or special commands.
\begin_layout Standard
\noindent
\align center
-\begin_inset VSpace -5mm
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="7">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Number of
+\family sans
+Space
+\family default
+ keystrokes
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+0
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+1
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+2
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+3
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+4
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$
+\end_inset
+
-\backslash
-!
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset space \hfill{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="15col%">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\family sans
Space
\family default
- keystrokes after inserting the protected space
+ keystrokes
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-0
+Result
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-1
+
+\backslash
+hfill
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-2
+5
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hfill B$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-3
+
+\backslash
+hspace*{1em}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-4
+6
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-5
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace*{1em}B$
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
+
+\backslash
+hspace{1em}
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\, B$
-\end_inset
-
-
+7
\end_layout
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\: B$
+\begin_inset Formula $A\hspace{1em}B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\; B$
+
+\backslash
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\quad B$
+8
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $A\ B$
\end_inset
\end_inset
</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $A\qquad B$
-\end_inset
+\backslash
+!
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+9
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-The last size seem to produce no space.
+Space
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+5
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+--
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+7 are variable spaces which are explained in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Variable-Space"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ Space
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+9 seems to produce no space.
It is displayed red in LyX contrary to the other sizes, because it is a
negative space.
There are two more negative spaces:
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="middle" width="6.8cm">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-6
+10
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-7
+11
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
sum
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
f_kl
negmedspace
\backslash
sum
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
f_kl
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
Relations like for example equal signs, are always surrounded by space.
To suppress this, the equal sign is placed into a TeX-brace.
The following example demonstrates this:
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
\end_inset
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
Spaces are needed for physical units, because the space between the value
and the unit is the smallest one and not a normal space.
For units in text, the smallest space is inserted via the menu
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\color blue
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\color inherit
+
+\begin_inset Quotes erd
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ The length may also be negative.
+ When a space would be the first character in a line it would be omitted.
+ To force its output use the command
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
+hspace*
+\series default
+ instead of
+\series bold
+\backslash
+hspace
+\series default
+ or left-click on the
+\begin_inset Quotes eld
+\end_inset
+
+
+\color blue
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
+ and check the option
+\family sans
+Protect
+\family default
.
- The length may also be negative.
- To insert as much space as is available, the command
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+To insert as much space as is available, the command
\series bold
\backslash
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
A=B
\backslash
hspace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
A
\backslash
hspace
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
A=A
\backslash
hfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B=B
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
boxed
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
A+
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\backslash
framebox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
20mm
\backslash
frac
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
sqrt
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
{
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\backslash
fbox
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C=D
\family default
dialog.
The dialog can be called with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show_character.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show character"
\end_inset
or the menu
Box
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/box-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "box-insert"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
Commands ! P !
\backslash
prod
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
All big operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/intop.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\intop"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
prod^
\backslash
infty
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^
\series bold
n
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
_
\backslash
subarray
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
hfill
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
there can be too much space beside an operator, because the characters
following the operator are set beside the limits.
+ To avoid this the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+smashoperator
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+smashoperator
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-To avoid this, the following macro can be used in the LaTeX-preamble:
+\end_inset
+
+ can be used.
+ To activate it, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+always
+\family default
+.
+
\series bold
\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-clap#1{
-\backslash
-hbox to 0pt{
-\backslash
-hss #1
-\backslash
-hss}}
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ sets the space besides the operator to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+Applied on formula
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand eqref
+reference "eq:substack"
-\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-mathclap {
-\backslash
-mathpalette
-\backslash
-mathclapinternal}
-\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
+, one uses the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-def
-\backslash
-mathclapinternal #1#2{
+smashoperator{
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and inserts the operator with its limits into the braces.
+ Behind the brace one continues the formula:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\smashoperator{\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}
+0<k<1000\\
+\\
+k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
+\end{subarray}}^{n}}k^{-2}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+It is possible to set the space of only one side of the operator to 0
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+pt.
+ To do this write either
+\series bold
+[l]
+\series default
+ or
+\series bold
+[r]
+\series default
+ between
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-clap{$
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ and its brace.
+
+\series bold
+l
+\series default
+ stands for the left and
+\series bold
+r
+\series default
+ for the right side of the operator.
+ Here is an example of the possible
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-mathsurround =0pt #1{#2}$}}
+smashoperator
+\series default
+ forms:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+Y\smashoperator{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}=Y\smashoperator[l]{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}=Y\smashoperator[r]{\sum_{1\le i\le j\le n}^{n=3456}}X_{ij}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This defines the command
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+When several consecutive operators have limits the typesetting of the limits
+ looks often imperfect in the output, see this example:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\text{a)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}\quad\text{b)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p^{2}\ge n}\quad\text{c)}\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{p^{2}\ge nK}\quad\text{d)}\limsup_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+To improve the typesetting set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+ Then insert into your formula the command
\series bold
\backslash
-mathclap
+adjustlimits
\series default
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
+Commands ! A !
\backslash
-mathclap
+adjustlimits
\end_layout
\end_inset
- that sets the width of the limit to 0
-\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+ directly before the first operator.
+ The example will then look like this:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\text{a)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}\quad\text{b)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\max_{p^{2}\ge n}\quad\text{c)}\adjustlimits\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{p^{2}\ge nK}\quad\text{d)}\adjustlimits\limsup_{n\to\infty}\max_{p\ge n}
+\]
+
\end_inset
-pt.
- The command scheme is
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
+\end_inset
+How to use one limit for several operators is described in
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Subsection
+Decoration for Operators
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Operators ! Decoration
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+With the commands
\series bold
\backslash
-mathclap{limit}
+overset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! O !
+\backslash
+overset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-where the limit can consist of several conditions.
+\end_inset
+
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! U !
+\backslash
+underset
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-Applied on formula
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand eqref
-reference "eq:substack"
+\end_inset
+
+ characters can be placed above or below an operator, respectively.
+ With the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+sideset
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-, one uses the command
+ characters can be set before and behind a big operator.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
+There are 4
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+variants of
\series bold
\backslash
-sum_
+sideset
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-mathclap{
+sideset
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the corners of the operator
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
+
\backslash
-substack
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+sidesetn
+\series default
+ is used to set characters before and/or behind the operator (this variant
+ represents LaTeX's original
+\series bold
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+ command)
+\end_layout
+\begin_layout Itemize
+
+\series bold
\backslash
-spce
+sidesetl
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the left corners and/or behind the operator
\end_layout
-\end_inset
+\begin_layout Itemize
-0<k<1000 Ctrl+Return
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sidesetr
+\series default
+ is used to set characters at the right corners and/or before the operator
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-to create the lower limit.
- The summand is now directly behind the summation operator:
+For example the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+sidesetn
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+sum
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+'
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+_k=1
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+^
+\series bold
+n
+\series default
+ produces:
\begin_inset Formula
\[
-\sum_{\mathclap{\substack{0<k<1000\\
-\\
-k\,\in\,\mathbb{N}
-}
-}}^{n}k^{-2}
+\sideset{}{'}\sum_{k=1}^{n}
\]
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset VSpace bigskip
-\end_inset
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
-How to use one limit for several operators is described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Self-defined-Operators"
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+Note:
+\backslash
+sideset
+\series default
+ can only be used to decorate big operators, binary operators are not allowed.
+\end_layout
\end_inset
-.
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overset
+\series default
+ and
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+underset
+\series default
+ can also be used to decorate symbols and characters.
+ For example, the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+overset
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+maltese
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Formula $\uparrow$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series bold
+a
+\series default
+ produces:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+\overset{a}{\maltese}
+\]
+
\end_inset
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_layout Standard
All binary operators can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/pm.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\pm"
\end_inset
.
sum
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^N
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-shortcut
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathbb
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-ABC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{ABC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-noun"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathbf
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-AbC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-bold"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-boldsymbol
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-AbC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\boldsymbol{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-boldsymbol"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathcal
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-ABC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{ABC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Info
-type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-emph"
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathfrak
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-AbC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-mathscr
-\series bold
-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\series default
-AbC
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathit
+mathbb
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+ABC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbb{ABC}$
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-noun"
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathbf
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathbf{AbC}$
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
--
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-bold"
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathrm
+boldsymbol
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\boldsymbol{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-boldsymbol"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathcal
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\series default
-AbC
+ABC
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcal{ABC}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-roman"
+arg "font-emph"
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathsf
+mathfrak
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathfrak{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathscr
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathscr{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+shortcut
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-spce
+mathit
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathit{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+-
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathrm
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\series default
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathrm{AbC}$
\end_inset
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcuts"
-arg "font-sans"
+arg "font-roman"
\end_inset
</cell>
</row>
<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-mathtt
+mathsf
\series bold
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\series default
+AbC
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathsf{AbC}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Info
+type "shortcuts"
+arg "font-sans"
+\end_inset
-\backslash
-spce
\end_layout
\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+mathtt
+\series bold
+
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\series default
Text Style
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/font.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\font"
\end_inset
can be used.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands:
+Within a formula the size can be changed using the following size commands
+ or the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\style"
+\end_inset
+
+:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A Alt+M M
\backslash
Large
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
M
\backslash
tiny
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
maltese
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
textit
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
\begin_layout Standard
Greek letters can also be inserted via the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/alpha.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\alpha"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="7" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
Many of the symbols listed in this section can also be inserted via the
toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/nabla.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\nabla"
\end_inset
and
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\digamma"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="10" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset VSpace medskip
\end_inset
-More symbols are listed in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
-
-\end_inset
-.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="3">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-All relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/leq.png
- scale 85
-
+All following relations can also be inserted via the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\leq"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="17" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
, respectively.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+LyX supports also many special relations.
+ Use the toolbar button
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\leqq"
+\end_inset
+
+ to see a list of these relations.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
Relations are, in contrary to symbols, always surrounded by space.
\end_layout
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
A(r)
\backslash
stackrel
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
r
to
\backslash
infty
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
approx
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="4">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="4">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
\begin_layout Standard
They can also be inserted with the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/functions.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\functions"
\end_inset
.
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="2" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
lim_x
\backslash
to
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
x=B
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset VSpace medskip
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+How to adjust the typesetting of the limits see
+\begin_inset CommandInset ref
+LatexCommand ref
+reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsection
Modulo-Functions
\begin_inset Index idx
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{align*}
\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\mod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\bmod b\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}b} & & a\pod b
+\mathrm{a\backslash mod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\mod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash bmod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\bmod b\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}b} & & a\pod b
\end{align*}
\end_inset
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{align*}
\underline{\textrm{Command}\raisebox{-0.9mm}{}} & & \underline{\textrm{Result}}\\
-\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{\spce}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\
+\mathrm{a\backslash pod\textrm{␣}bcd} & & a\pod bcd\\
\mathrm{a\backslash pod\backslash\{bc\to d} & & a\pod{bc}d
\end{align*}
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+The characters ^ and _ would normally create a subscript and subscript,
+ respectively.
+ To get these characters you have to insert them with a leading
+\backslash
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Command
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Result
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+^
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\backslash
+_
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset Formula $\_$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
`
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\end_inset
can also be inserted via the math toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math/digamma.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-insert \\digamma"
\end_inset
.
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
u
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
b
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
ee
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="block" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="block" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
H
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
v
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
d
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
c
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
e
\backslash
t
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
sz
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Subsection
-Miscellaneous special Characters
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Miscellaneous-special-Characters"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Special characters ! miscellaneous
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The following characters can only be inserted to formulas by using commands:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\align center
-\begin_inset Tabular
-<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Command
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Result
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\mathcircumflex$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-_
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $\_$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-<row>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\backslash
-circ
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-\backslash
-@°
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
-\begin_inset Text
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Formula $^{\circ}$
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-</cell>
-</row>
-</lyxtabular>
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-The degree sign ° can nevertheless be directly inserted if the LaTeX-preamble
- contains the following line
-\begin_inset Foot
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-More about this is described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Text-Characters-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-.
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-DeclareInputtext{176}{
-\backslash
-ifmmode^
-\backslash
-circ
-\backslash
-else
-\backslash
-textdegree
-\backslash
-fi}
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
\begin_layout Standard
In LyX multiline formulas are created by pressing
-\series bold
-
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_inset
-
-\series default
inside a formula.
This creates either an
\series bold
.
To add or delete lines, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-row"
\end_inset
or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-row.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-row"
\end_inset
, respectively, or the menu
.
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsubsection
+Multiline Fractions
+\begin_inset CommandInset label
+LatexCommand label
+name "sub:Multiline-Fractions"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Fractions ! multiline
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+There are cases where the denominator and/or the numerator of a fraction
+ is so long that the fraction does not fit into one line.
+ It is then necessary to add a line break within the fraction.
+ This can be done using the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+.
+ To activate it, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac
+\series default
+ has the scheme
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac{first line}{second line}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+and is used as denominator and/or numerator:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+a=\frac{\splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy}{+wy+wy+wy+wy}}{z}\ne\frac{\splitdfrac{xy+\frac{xy}{z}+xy+xy+xy}{+xy+xy+xy+xy}}{z}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+The command for the first numerator above is:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+splitfrac{xy+xy+xy+xy+xy
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
+
+
+\backslash
+{+wy+wy+wy+wy
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Multiline Brackets
\begin_inset CommandInset label
vphantom
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
prod
\series default
^
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
infty
\series default
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\begin_layout Standard
To add or delete columns, the math toolbar buttons
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_append-column.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular append-column"
\end_inset
or
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/tabular-feature_delete-column.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "inset-modify tabular delete-column"
\end_inset
, respectively, or the menu
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-This Align environment is created by presssing
+This Align environment is created by pressing
\begin_inset Info
type "shortcut"
arg "newline-insert newline"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+ always creates some vertical space between the text and the formula lines.
+ To avoid this space, set in the document settings under
+\family sans
+Math
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+Options
+\family default
+ for the package
+\series bold
+mathtools
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! mathtools
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ the option
+\family sans
+Load
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+always
+\family default
+.
+ Then you can use the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+shortintertext
+\series default
+
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Commands ! S !
+\backslash
+shortintertext
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ instead of
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+intertext
+\series default
+:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Formula
+\begin{align}
+I & =a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi\\
+\shortintertext{\text{integrand is symmetric to \ensuremath{\phi=\pi}, therefore}} & =2a\sqrt{2}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sqrt{1+\cos(\phi)}\;\mathrm{d}\phi
+\end{align}
+
\end_inset
Label
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/label-insert.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "label-insert"
\end_inset
.
Cross-Reference
\family default
or with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/dialog-show-new-inset_ref.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "dialog-show-new-inset ref"
\end_inset
.
\backslash
tag
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
something
\backslash
tag*
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
something
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+\color none
Note:
\series default
- Only maximal 26 formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
+ Only maximal 26
+\begin_inset space ~
+\end_inset
+
+formulas can be numbered with Latin letters in one document.
\end_layout
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Newpage newpage
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
H2CO3
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
SO4^2-
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
(NH4)2S
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
KCr(SO4)2.12H2O
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A-B
\backslash
dbond
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
\backslash
tbond
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
D
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
^227
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
CO2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
<=>
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2CO
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
CO2
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
C
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
->[
alpha][
\backslash
beta]
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2CO}
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\series bold
+\color none
Note:
\series default
Inserting a formula to a
\backslash
ce
\series default
- box will lead to LaTeX errors.
+ box will lead to LaTeX errors due to a LyX bug.
+\color inherit
+
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #8566"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/8566"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\color none
In this case TeX code has to be used like for
\series bold
\end_inset
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Greyedout
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+\series bold
+\color none
+Note:
+\series default
+ It is not possible in LyX to use the character ^ to get an up-arrow as
+ described in the
+\series bold
+mhchem
+\series default
+ manual.
+ One instead uses a negative thin space followed by the command
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+uparrow
+\series default
+:
+\begin_inset Formula $\ce{Fe + 2H+ -> Fe^{2+} + H2\negthinspace\uparrow}$
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\backslash
ce
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
2Na+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
+
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
SO4^2-
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
->
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
Na2SO4
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A@>j>>B@>>k>C@=F Ctrl+Return
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
CD
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
A
\backslash
gr
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
B
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
Macro
\family default
or the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro_newmacroname_newcommand.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro newmacroname_newcommand"
\end_inset
.
#1
\series default
or by using the macro toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-param"
\end_inset
.
arguments are possible.
Optional arguments are created with the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-optional-param"
\end_inset
.
The first non-optional argument can be transformed to an optional one with
the toolbar button
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- scale 85
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-optional"
\end_inset
.
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="9" columns="2">
-<features islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" islongtable="true" longtabularalignment="center">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="85col%">
<row interlinespace="2.5mm">
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-optional.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-optional"
\end_inset
\end_inset
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Make First Non-Optional into
+Transform First Non-Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-make-nonoptional.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-make-nonoptional"
\end_inset
\end_inset
Definition\SpecialChar \menuseparator
-Make Last Optional into
+Transform Last Optional to
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-optional-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-optional-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-optional-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-optional-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-remove-greedy-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-remove-greedy-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-append-greedy-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-append-greedy-param"
\end_inset
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-\begin_inset Graphics
- filename ../images/math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param.png
- rotateOrigin center
-
+\begin_inset Info
+type "icon"
+arg "math-macro-add-greedy-optional-param"
\end_inset
\end_inset
g.
-\begin_inset space ~
+\begin_inset space \space{}
\end_inset
bind the
\begin_layout Standard
\series bold
-command-alternatives break-paragraph;math-extern maxima
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
+command-alternatives paragraph-break;math-extern maxima
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
-Tips
+Miscellaneous
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Tips
+Miscellaneous
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="right" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="right" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="left" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="4" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
Commands ! G !
\backslash
genfrac
+\begin_inset ERT
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+
+
+\backslash
+vspace{4mm}
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\end_inset
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
genfrac{}{}{#1}{}{#2}{#3}}
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
A test:
\begin_inset Formula
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
-To cancel formulas or formula parts, the LaTeX-package
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Packages ! cancel
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
- has to be loaded with the LaTeX-preamble line
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage{cancel}
+There are four ways to cancel formulas or parts of formulas:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_layout
-\begin_layout Standard
-There are four ways to cancel formulas:
-\end_layout
-
\begin_layout Standard
\align center
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
-<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
+<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
<row>
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
\begin_inset Text
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+cancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-bcancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bcancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-xcancel{
-\backslash
-int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
+xcancel
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
+\end_inset
\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+int
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
-cancelto{1
-\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+cancelto
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
-\backslash
-{
\backslash
int
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
A=B
+\begin_inset Formula $\to$
+\end_inset
+
+1
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset
- value one can load the package
+ value one can add the LaTeX-preamble line
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
\series bold
-cancel
+
+\backslash
+PassOptionsToPackage{option}{cancel}
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+where
+\series bold
+option
\series default
- with either the option
+ is either
\series bold
samesize
\series default
- which leads to the same size as for the canceled value or with the option
-
+ which leads to the same size as for the canceled value, or
\series bold
Smaller
\series default
- which makes is it a bit smaller than the size one gets without using a
- package option.
- In this document
-\series bold
-cancel
-\series default
- was loaded with this line:
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-usepackage[samesize]{cancel}
+ which makes is it a bit smaller than normal.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
.
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Packages ! cancel
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\end_inset
-\begin_inset Argument
+\begin_inset Argument 1
status collapsed
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_inset
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Standard
-\begin_inset Newpage newpage
-\end_inset
-
-
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Text Characters in Formulas
-\begin_inset CommandInset label
-LatexCommand label
-name "sub:Text-Characters-in"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
\begin_inset Index idx
status collapsed
i}
\end_layout
+\begin_layout Subsection
+LaTeX-comments in formulas
+\begin_inset Index idx
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+LaTeX-comments
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+In text you can insert a comment that will only be visible in the LaTeX
+ source code of your file with the menu
+\family sans
+Insert\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Note\SpecialChar \menuseparator
+Comment
+\family default
+.
+ This is not possible in a formula but you can insert LaTeX-comments with
+ the command
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+
+\series bold
+
+\backslash
+%
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+This creates a box in which you can write your comment.
+ Due to a bug in LyX
+\begin_inset Foot
+status collapsed
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\begin_inset CommandInset href
+LatexCommand href
+name "LyX-bug #9002"
+target "http://www.lyx.org/trac/ticket/9002"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+ you cannot write normal text into the comment, even when you use mathematical
+ text, you will see its LaTeX-commands in the LaTeX-output.
+\begin_inset Newline newline
+\end_inset
+
+This a formula with a LaTeX-comment:
+\begin_inset Formula
+\[
+A=B%\text{This is the comment}
+\]
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
-1,2
+1.2
\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
\end_inset
\backslash
mathscr
-\begin_inset ERT
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-
-
-\backslash
-spce
-\end_layout
-
+\begin_inset space \textvisiblespace{}
\end_inset
F
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\begin_inset Tabular
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2">
-<features tabularvalignment="middle">
+<features rotate="0" tabularvalignment="middle">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0pt">
<row>
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "TLC2"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Mathmode"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "AMS"
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "Description"
-target "ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf"
+target "http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/amslatex/math/amsldoc.pdf"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Symbols"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "cancel"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "hyperref"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "mhchem"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
-\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
-LatexCommand bibitem
-key "Mathclap"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset CommandInset href
-LatexCommand href
-name "Description"
-target "http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb22-4/tb72perlS.pdf"
-
-\end_inset
-
- of the command
-\series bold
-
-\backslash
-mathclap
-\series default
-, described in
-\begin_inset CommandInset ref
-LatexCommand ref
-reference "sub:Operator-Limits"
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\begin_inset Index idx
-status collapsed
-
-\begin_layout Plain Layout
-Commands ! M !
-\backslash
-mathclap
-\end_layout
-
-\end_inset
-
-
-\end_layout
-
-\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Duden"
\end_layout
\begin_layout Bibliography
-\labelwidthstring References
\begin_inset CommandInset bibitem
LatexCommand bibitem
key "Checklist"
projects / lyx.git / blobdiff